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1
Brusak, Vitaliy, and Kateryna Moskalyuk. "The landscape structure of the nature reserve “Medobory”." Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography, no. 50 (December 28, 2016): 67–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgg.2016.50.8678.
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Tovtry is a complex of fossil reef Miocene buildings that creates one of the most picturesque scenery of the surrounding plains of Podillya region. Tovtry zone consists of main ridge (the late Baden barrier reef), isolated Tovtry hills (the late Baden bioherms, located east of the ridge), isolated tovtry (the early Sarmat bioherms, located west of the main ridge), the territories of the former channels, lagoons and passes between certain reef masses, the part of which is occupied with the modern rivers. These geological and geomorphological elements are the basis of the definition of Podillian Tovtry landscapes areas, and their combination is the basis of the individual landscapes. The great contribution to the study of Tovtry landscapes was made by K. Herenchuk (1949, 1979, 1980), who identified the main types of localities and individual landscapes. In addition to his distinguished achievements, the researches done by M. Chyzhov (1963), T. Kovalyshyn and I. Kaplun (1998), P. Shtoyko (2000), K. Moskalyuk (2011) and others could be mentioned. In Tovtry there are four landscapes: Mylno, Zbarazh, Medobory (Krasna) and Tovtry (Kamianets-Podilskyi). Natural Reserve “Medobory” (9 516.7 hectares) is located in the central part of Tovtry, mainly in Medobory landscape. The landscape map of nature reserve, covering the surrounding area, at a scale of 1: 25,000 has been done. Six landscaped areas and more than 70 kinds of tracts have been identified. The largest area is the area of elongated summit plains of main Tovtry ridge rocky hills, covered by beech hornbeam-oak forests on humus-carbonate soils. The territory with the buried reef formations, overlained by loess-like loams, with hornbeam-oak forests on humus-carbonate soils in combination with grey forest soils occupies large area. The area of grouped and isolated side tovtry, covered by rock and meadow-steppe vegetation, shrubs on humus-carbonate soils are fragmentary represented in the natural reserve. Outside the territory of natural reserve, there are areas of the extensive plains with chernozems. They were covered by meadow vegetation in the past and now they are the agricultural lands. Some areas of the reserve are covered by wavy interfluves of Husiatyn and Lanivtsi landscape, which are typical for stratal-tiered landscapes of Podillya. Wavy watersheds, composed of thick strata of loess loam, are mainly covered by hornbeam forests in place of oak on grey forest soils and podzolic chernozem. Along Zbruch and Gnyla the area of narrow river valleys with wide floodplains and low terraces fragments are very common. Floodplain is covered by grass-forb meadows, with alder and osier bed centres on meadow and meadow soils. The regional and local features of the landscape structure of the reserve have been defined. Enough representation of the main types of Tovtry areas, their altitude differentiation (landscape layering) and monolithic areas of Tovtry main ridge are the most important. Key words: Podillian Tovtry, main ridge, side tovtry hills, nature reserve “Medobory”, area of landscape.
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Lawder, Rebecca. ""Erotic Nature"." Athanor 37 (December 3, 2019): 67–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.33009/fsu_athanor116675.
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To decode John Dunkley’s dark and sexual landscape is also to reveal a decolonial message in his broader works. Dunkley humanizes nature through both masculinizing phallic and feminizing yonic symbolism as an emancipatory tactic, thereby reflecting a culturally nuanced relationship between people and landscape. Dunkley subverts the expected in Caribbean painting, especially for foreign consumers. By bringing nature to life, his paintings offer subversive anti-colonial themes, too, waiting for decipherment. This paper will examine Dunkley’s use of erotic imagery, arguing that the painter’s sexual landscapes, through layered poetics and symbolism, ultimately served to challenge every day oppressions in colonial Jamaica.
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Derringh, Frank W. "Nature and Landscape." Environmental Ethics 31, no. 4 (2009): 435–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/enviroethics200931446.
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Mestanza-Ramón, Carlos, José Luis Jiménez-Caballero, Mónica Izurieta-Castelo, Diana Carpio Álvarez, and Carolina Moran Tubon. "IMPORTANCE OF THE LANDSCAPE IN NATURE TOURISM." Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University 57, no. 6 (December 30, 2022): 873–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.35741/issn.0258-2724.57.6.75.
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Landscape is a fundamental element in tourism and its promotion. Generally, the importance of a landscape in the processes of tourism development and its sustainability is unknown. In this sense, this study describes the evolution of the concept of tourism, analyzes the relationship between tourism and landscape, its valorization and landscape stereotypes. To respond to these objectives, a bibliographic review was carried out in high impact and regional scientific databases. As a result, the importance of the landscape for tourism, its valorization and integral development is transversally detailed. Finally, the different landscapes and their elements must be managed in a responsible and sustainable way where environmental, social and economic aspects are valued.
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Lakovskis, Pēteris, and Linda Ieviņa. "MANAGEMENT OF LANDSCAPES WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF NATURE PROTECTION." SOCIETY. TECHNOLOGY. SOLUTIONS. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 2 (April 8, 2022): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.35363/via.sts.2022.92.
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INTRODUCTION
In Latvia, the most important landscape areas and sites have historically been included in various categories of specially protected nature territories (SPNT). This approach is also established in the regulatory framework. According to the law “On Specially Protected Nature Territories”, the common goal of protected territories is to include the protection and conservation of unique, beautiful and Latvian-characteristic landscapes. However, only half of the eight identified categories of protected territories – national parks, biosphere reserve, nature parks and protected landscape areas – take landscape-related aspects into consideration. Practically all of these specially protected nature areas were also included in the network of Natura 2000 sites, the main purpose of which is to ensure the protection of protected biotopes and specially protected species habitats. To assess issues of whether nature conservation creates synergies with landscape management and to what extent, we performed quantitative and qualitative data analysis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The calculation uses data from the European Environment Agency's NATURA 2000 database for these areas – (SPNT area) and biotopes (the area of protected habitats). For the map display of the proportion of specially protected nature areas and the included protected biotopes, ArcGIS mapping software was used. The spatial data layers on SPNT’s are derived from the nature data management system OZOLS. Likewise, an analysis of the long-term protection targets of SPNT’s has been carried out by summarising the keywords therein. The descriptive words are displayed with text visualisation tools that illustrate the words according to their frequency of mention.
RESULTS
The proportion of protected biotopes is determined for all 55 landscape-related SPNT’s in line with the law “On Specially Protected Nature Territories” (4 national parks, 42 nature parks, and 9 protected landscape areas). The average proportion of protected biotopes in the landscape-related SPNT’s is 21%; however, its range is very wide – from 5% to 98%. When assessing the proportion of protected biotopes by SPNT category, there are no significant differences between nature parks, national parks and protected landscape areas – the proportion of protected biotopes varies from 20% in nature parks to 23% in protected landscape areas. The most frequently mentioned descriptive word in the long-term protection targets of SPNT’s is biotope protection, while in one fifth of the considered SPNT’s, the long-term protection targets don’t even include landscape-related aspects.
DISCUSSION
The study results revealed the different approach to defining SPNT’s in Latvia, the individual non-conformities in relation to the regulatory framework, as well as a number of challenges to landscape management. The analysis of nature conservation targets shows that the main emphasis is on the protection of habitats and species; however, landscape-related aspects are also defined generally. Characteristics such as socio-economic development, recreation, cultural and historical heritage, landscape values, tourism, nature education are mentioned. In the context of landscapes, the long-term goals most often mention cultural and historical heritage, landscape conservation, landscape structure and aesthetic value; however, these goals are general, mostly only detecting that the site has a landscape value and expressing the need to preserve it. The performed analysis of the targets and the relatively small proportion of biotopes in the Natura 2000 areas indicate that the ecological network in Latvia should be improved, not only by specifying the protected areas, but also by a more targeted separation of conditions for nature protection and for landscape management in the regulatory framework. In particular, in view of the fact that landscape management in Latvia is primarily implemented through spatial planning.
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Lakovskis, Pēteris, and Linda Ieviņa. "MANAGEMENT OF LANDSCAPES WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF NATURE PROTECTION." SOCIETY. TECHNOLOGY. SOLUTIONS. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 2 (April 8, 2022): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.35363/via.sts.2022.92.
Full textAbstract:
INTRODUCTION
In Latvia, the most important landscape areas and sites have historically been included in various categories of specially protected nature territories (SPNT). This approach is also established in the regulatory framework. According to the law “On Specially Protected Nature Territories”, the common goal of protected territories is to include the protection and conservation of unique, beautiful and Latvian-characteristic landscapes. However, only half of the eight identified categories of protected territories – national parks, biosphere reserve, nature parks and protected landscape areas – take landscape-related aspects into consideration. Practically all of these specially protected nature areas were also included in the network of Natura 2000 sites, the main purpose of which is to ensure the protection of protected biotopes and specially protected species habitats. To assess issues of whether nature conservation creates synergies with landscape management and to what extent, we performed quantitative and qualitative data analysis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The calculation uses data from the European Environment Agency's NATURA 2000 database for these areas – (SPNT area) and biotopes (the area of protected habitats). For the map display of the proportion of specially protected nature areas and the included protected biotopes, ArcGIS mapping software was used. The spatial data layers on SPNT’s are derived from the nature data management system OZOLS. Likewise, an analysis of the long-term protection targets of SPNT’s has been carried out by summarising the keywords therein. The descriptive words are displayed with text visualisation tools that illustrate the words according to their frequency of mention.
RESULTS
The proportion of protected biotopes is determined for all 55 landscape-related SPNT’s in line with the law “On Specially Protected Nature Territories” (4 national parks, 42 nature parks, and 9 protected landscape areas). The average proportion of protected biotopes in the landscape-related SPNT’s is 21%; however, its range is very wide – from 5% to 98%. When assessing the proportion of protected biotopes by SPNT category, there are no significant differences between nature parks, national parks and protected landscape areas – the proportion of protected biotopes varies from 20% in nature parks to 23% in protected landscape areas. The most frequently mentioned descriptive word in the long-term protection targets of SPNT’s is biotope protection, while in one fifth of the considered SPNT’s, the long-term protection targets don’t even include landscape-related aspects.
DISCUSSION
The study results revealed the different approach to defining SPNT’s in Latvia, the individual non-conformities in relation to the regulatory framework, as well as a number of challenges to landscape management. The analysis of nature conservation targets shows that the main emphasis is on the protection of habitats and species; however, landscape-related aspects are also defined generally. Characteristics such as socio-economic development, recreation, cultural and historical heritage, landscape values, tourism, nature education are mentioned. In the context of landscapes, the long-term goals most often mention cultural and historical heritage, landscape conservation, landscape structure and aesthetic value; however, these goals are general, mostly only detecting that the site has a landscape value and expressing the need to preserve it. The performed analysis of the targets and the relatively small proportion of biotopes in the Natura 2000 areas indicate that the ecological network in Latvia should be improved, not only by specifying the protected areas, but also by a more targeted separation of conditions for nature protection and for landscape management in the regulatory framework. In particular, in view of the fact that landscape management in Latvia is primarily implemented through spatial planning.
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Serova, Olga, Larisa Timofeeva, Nikolai Reshin, and Dmitry Abramov. "DYNAMIC NATURE OF HYDROLOGICAL SIMILARITY." ENVIRONMENT. TECHNOLOGIES. RESOURCES. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 1 (June 20, 2019): 258. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2019vol1.4083.
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Nowadays, there is a growing interest in understanding how water bodies and their catchments react to environment, landscape and climate change. Runoff change is an integral indicator of climate and landscape changes. Similar landscapes form a similar hydrological catchment response to precipitation. The algorithm for identification of homogeneous groups of catchments (in terms of hydrometeorology) has been developed and tested. The 26 catchments studied are situated in the south-eastern part of the Baltic Sea Basin. Observational data from 1986 to 2016 were used for cluster analysis. Catchments clustering over three consecutive ten-year periods has shown some variability in the clusters content due to changes in the hydrological response of the study catchments. The results obtained were analyzed based on both hydrogrometeorological and landscape characteristics.
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Otok, Stanisław. "Nature of Social Landscape." Miscellanea Geographica 3, no. 1 (March 1, 1988): 239–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mgrsd-1988-030129.
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Molnar, Peter. "Nature, nurture and landscape." Nature 426, no. 6967 (December 2003): 612–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/426612a.
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Engler, Mira. "Waste Landscapes: Permissible Metaphors in Landscape Architecture." Landscape Journal 14, no. 1 (1995): 11–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3368/lj.14.1.11.
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Kovalchuk, Ivan, Lyubomir Tsaryk, and Petro Tsaryk. "PRINCIPLES, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF ECONOMIC APPROACH TO OPTIMIZATION OF NATURE MANAGEMENT AND NATURE PROTECTION OF PODILLIA REGION." SCIENTIFIC ISSUES OF TERNOPIL VOLODYMYR HNATIUK NATIONAL PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITY. SERIES: GEOGRAPHY 52, no. 1 (May 30, 2022): 196–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.25128/2519-4577.22.1.24.
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The approaches to the formation of econet relations in Ukraine in the context of the Pan-European strategy for the preservation of biotic and landscape diversity are considered. The basic contradictions in the system of econet relations are highlighted. The essence of the eco-network approach is highlighted on the basis of the materials of the national and regional econet. The polystructurality of econet is noted, their environmental, nature-supporting, and recreational subsystems are analyzed. The identification of the basic elements of the econet should take place against the background of landscape zoning schemes of the territory, so that the natural systems of each landscape region are represented by at least one key territory. Created systems of computer-cartographic models of the Podillya econet and its components; algorithms for multivariate analysis of the NRO and the design of environmental systems of the Podillia region, in which the spatial boundaries of 41 key territories are justified, which will represent the biotic and landscape diversity of 33 landscape areas, areas of connecting territories and their buffer zones. 24 key areas represent landscapes of the zone of deciduous forests; 15 - landscapes of the forest-steppe zone and 2 key territories are confined to the zone of mixed forests. The peculiarities of the eco-network include its complexity and polystructurality with basic nature conservation, nature support and recreational subsystems with a differentiated regime of nature management of the main elements.
In accordance with the principle of landscape polystructurality, within the territory, it is possible to distinguish landscape territorial structures (LTS) of various types, depending on the structure-forming relations, taken as the basis of this integration. From an environmental point of view, the biocentric-network landscape structure forms the relationship between the areas of natural vegetation (biocenter) and their anthropogenized environment. At the same time, the territorial confinement of biocenters, their compliance with the optimal sizes, functional features, the nature and directions of interrelationships to ensure sustainable functioning were analyzed.
A complex combination of different-ranked network elements forms spatial polyfunctional storage systems for biotic and landscape diversity. Within the framework of these systems, several types of eco-transforming nodes (EFN) are distinguished: (EFNnl) at the national level, (EFNrl) at the regional level, (EFNll) at the local level. The created schematic map of the biocentric network LTS demonstrates that its elements do not completely cover the territory of the landscape, but form the natural frame of the territory, significantly reduces the probability of population degradation, and reduces the dependence on sharp edaphic changes in individual biocenters. This framework is the basis of the environmental protection and nature-supporting system of the region.
Key words: eco-network approach, Podillia region, regional eco-network, biocentric-network structure, environmental system.
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Tyutyunnik, Yulian G. "About Landscape Nature of Subjectivity." Voprosy Filosofii, no. 3 (2020): 194–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.21146/0042-8744-2020-3-194-203.
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Hailwood, Simon. "Nature, Landscape, and Neo-Pragmatism." Environmental Ethics 29, no. 2 (2007): 131–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/enviroethics200729217.
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McGrath, Sylvia W., Susan Fenimore Cooper, Rochelle Johnson, and Daniel Patterson. "Essays on Nature and Landscape." Environmental History 9, no. 1 (January 2004): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3985962.
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Haldane, John. "Transforming Nature: Art and Landscape." Art Book 10, no. 3 (June 2003): 10–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8357.00342.
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Millward, Alison. "Nature, landscape and the community." Landscape Research 12, no. 1 (March 1987): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01426398708706217.
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Wilkoszewska, Krystyna. "Landscape and the environment." Polish Journal of Landscape Studies 2, no. 4-5 (July 31, 2019): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/pls.2019.4.5.1.
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The paper analyzes the concept of landscape and its various embodiments in art and nature. On the one hand, one can claim that our understanding of the landscape is constituted by conceptual oppositions like human/non-human, artifactual/natural, culture/nature; on the other, one may notice that landscapes occur in the space “between” these oppositions. Furthering this observation, I lodge an objection to the approach of certain exponents of environmental aesthetics who opt for replacing the notion of landscape by that of environment because I would argue that the former is still informative.
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MacBride-Stewart, Sara. "Atmospheres, landscapes and nature: Off-road runners’ experiences of well-being." Health: An Interdisciplinary Journal for the Social Study of Health, Illness and Medicine 23, no. 2 (February 20, 2019): 139–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1363459318785675.
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This article reflects on the relations between health and natural landscapes. The study explores how the landscape context – its textual and sensory aesthetics – positively shapes experiences and perceptions of the landscape, for those people who seek out natural environments for health. While health promotion is designated along the lines of encouraging choice or improving access to natural environments, this article wants to show how physical activities are intertwined with atmospheres and affects emanating from the natural and human world. An in-depth case-study of trail running across two sites (New Zealand, United Kingdom) is used to analyse the interconnections between health landscapes. It finds that when participants say that landscape ‘matters’ for health, they are referring to: (1) aesthetics and feelings, (2) flexibility and adaptiveness and (3) exploration and adventure. Avoiding the conclusion that the landscape is merely a resource for health, the analysis confirms that it is the complex of spaces, social practices, along with their physical fleshy selves, minds and emotions, and the particular quality of the earth beneath them, that gives rise to positively perceived health, for both immediate and enduring benefit.
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Walters, G., J. Sayer, A. K. Boedhihartono, D. Endamana, and K. Angu Angu. "Integrating landscape ecology into landscape practice in Central African Rainforests." Landscape Ecology 36, no. 8 (April 3, 2021): 2427–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10980-021-01237-3.
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Abstract Context We describe how large landscape-scale conservation initiatives involving local communities, NGOs and resource managers have engaged with landscape scientists with the goal of achieving landscape sustainability. We focus on two landscapes where local people, practitioners and landscape ecologists have co-produced knowledge to design conservation interventions. Objective We seek to understand how landscape ecology can engage with practical landscape management to contribute to managing landscapes sustainably. Methods We focus on two large tropical landscapes: the Sangha Tri-National landscape (Cameroon, Republic of Congo and the Central African Republic) and the Batéké-Léfini Landscape (Gabon and Republic of Congo). We evaluate (1) a participatory method used in the Sangha Tri-National landscape that embeds interdisciplinary researchers and practitioners within a landscape to apply transdisciplinary learning to landscape conservation and (2) a participatory landscape zoning method where interdisciplinary teams of conservation practitioners analyse local land and resource use in the Batéké-Léfini landscape. Results We find that landscape ecology’s tradition of understanding the historical context of resource use can inform landscape conservation practice and natural resource mapping. We also find that the Sangha Group provides an example for landscape ecology on how to integrate local people and their knowledge to better understand and influence landscape processes. Conclusions Place-based engagement as well as the uptake of co-produced knowledge by policy makers are key in enabling sustainable landscapes. Success occurs when researchers, local communities and resource managers engage directly with landscape processes.
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Van Stiphout, Maike. "Building with Nature in landscape practice." Research in Urbanism Series 7 (February 18, 2021): 203–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.47982/rius.7.134.
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In a world where increased prosperity has created a number of novel, ecosystem-related threats to people’s health and the economy, designing with nature offers a promising outlook to mute the potential negative impacts of our actions and to keep improving the quality of life worldwide. It also provides an alternative to an attitude that has been largely negligent towards our non-human fellow beings. Drawing from the experience of DS landscape architects, four actualized projects and two student master theses illustrate the challenges, opportunities and benefits that building with nature presents. These cases highlight four important lessons for designing with nature in rural and urban landscapes. First, considering the surrounding landscape as a starting point creates a deeper understanding of the situation at hand. This allows for better planning with the ecosystem and enhances the richness of its biodiversity once a project is delivered. Secondly, planning with nature creates the opportunity to let nature do some of the work. This can include water purification, drainage, and cooling. The third lesson is that designing with nature requires a long-term plan. Maintenance might be necessary, and the public may need to be patient to watch the ecosystem slowly flourish through the decades. Finally, creating a new kind of wilderness-imbued beauty to inspire public acceptance and to motivate stewardship is a promising method for establishing a successful long-term nature-inclusive design project. These and other lessons contribute to a field of design where incorporating nature is the status quo.
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Liu, Hong Lin. "Study on Regional Cultural Landscape Classification of Kunming’s Leisure Agricultural Garden." Applied Mechanics and Materials 99-100 (September 2011): 546–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.99-100.546.
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Through investigating the characteristic of regional cultural landscape of leisure agricultural garden around Kunming city, seven landscape types are proposed including rural agriculture landscape, folk customs landscape, village and township landscape, leisure resort landscape, returning to nature landscape. The regional cultural landscapes are analyzed in depth and breadth. The results can provide design ideas for building leisure agricultural garden having regional culture characteristic.
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Kowalewska, Agata. "Nonequilibrium landscapes and nature conservation in the Białowieża Forest." Polish Journal of Landscape Studies 2, no. 4-5 (July 31, 2019): 107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/pls.2019.4.5.10.
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Traditional conceptualizations presume that landscape and nature in general are characterized by a striving for balance. In consequence, environmental protection chiefly consists in conservation of the existing state, without making allowances for the dynamic changes caused by vital processes taking place in those landscapes, human and non-human alike. The current dispute concerning the protection of the Białowieża Forest is nothing but an upshot of the differences between the involved with respect to what should be protected on top of how it should be done. This study outlines the problems deriving from conceptualizations of nature and landscape as static entities and comes forward with a proposal of conceiving landscape not as an “image of the land”1 but a corporeal experience of being in a space, on which climate change, civilizational and social transformation, political decisions, and bark beetles all have their impact.
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Crewe, K., and A. Forsyth. "LandSCAPES: A Typology of Approaches to Landscape Architecture." Landscape Journal 22, no. 1 (January 1, 2003): 37–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3368/lj.22.1.37.
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Yli-Panula, Eija, Christel Persson, Eila Jeronen, Varpu Eloranta, and Heini-Marja Pakula. "Landscape as Experienced Place and Worth Conserving in the Drawings of Finnish and Swedish Students." Education Sciences 9, no. 2 (April 27, 2019): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci9020093.
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Children explore their environment through experiences and each experience is meaningful in developing their environmental consciousness and identity. On the basis of the drawn landscape experiences, the present qualitative study set out to find out what landscapes the participating students deemed worth conserving. The data consisted of the drawings of 11- to 16-year-old Finnish (n = 311) and Swedish (n = 246) students. Deductive and inductive content analyses were used to analyse the data. The results showed that all three landscape types; nature, built, and social were presented in the drawings. Nature and built landscapes were the most frequent types, with the proportion of nature landscapes increasing and that of built landscapes decreasing with age. There were gender and cultural preferences: boys drew built landscapes more often than girls; and Finnish students drew summer cottages, a cultural phenomenon typical of Finnish landscapes, which was not found in Swedish drawings. Similarities in Finnish and Swedish data were identified e.g., in forest and water and “cultural landscapes”. Some of the students displayed a more distant, observing role, whereas others adopted an active one in relation to all three landscape types. The results are discussed in connection to the landscape theories and earlier findings of the drawn environments.
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Benedict, Jessieca Joseph, Mohd Fazli Othman, Syed Zamzur Akasah Syed Ahmed Jalaluddin, and Rafeah Legino. "The Spirituality of Papar Landscape." Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal 7, SI9 (October 10, 2022): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v7isi9.3941.
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Art's function has allowed artists to express themselves for centuries. Art was once created solely for religious reasons, especially with the rise of the Catholic Church. The Industrial Revolution and the church's declining influence in the 19th century opened people's eyes to emotion and imagination, which Romanticists later portrayed artistically. This led to nature mysticism and landscape paintings. Similarly, St. Ignatius' Ignatian Spirituality corresponds to the divine yearning in nature. Spirituality and art can go hand in hand, say Jesuit priest-artists. Mystical landscapes reveal humanity's spiritual connection to nature. Artists explore emotion and spirituality through monochromatic art because it can provoke deeply personal experiences My art explores landscape's spirituality. I like how it evokes spirituality, longing, and comfort. Keywords: Spirituality; Papar Landscape eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2022. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by E-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behavior Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioral Researchers on Asians), and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behavior Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v7iSI9.3941
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França, Ana Marcela. "Paisagem e natureza na arte contemporânea: ressignificação do espaço e experiência da obra." Revista Prumo 5, no. 8 (April 23, 2020): 110–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.24168/revistaprumo.v0i8.1245.
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This paper aims to discuss the installations made in the 1970s to the present day, which dialogue directly with the “natural” landscape, extending the significance of the artistic object to the reconfiguration of the space. In particular, works that have action in the biophysical space will be discussed, in which elements of the environment become devices of artistic manifestation. It will be seen that these performances transform the landscape and the notion of a work of art, creating tensions in what we understand as nature and culture.
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Riechers, Maraja, Ágnes Balázsi, Lydia Betz, Tolera S. Jiren, and Joern Fischer. "The erosion of relational values resulting from landscape simplification." Landscape Ecology 35, no. 11 (April 20, 2020): 2601–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10980-020-01012-w.
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Abstract Context The global trend of landscape simplification for industrial agriculture is known to cause losses in biodiversity and ecosystem service diversity. Despite these problems being widely known, status quo trajectories driven by global economic growth and changing diets continue to lead to further landscape simplification. Objectives In this perspective article, we argue that landscape simplification has negative consequences for a range of relational values, affecting the social-ecological relationships between people and nature, as well as the social relationships among people. A focus on relational values has been proposed to overcome the divide between intrinsic and instrumental values that people gain from nature. Results We use a landscape sustainability science framing to examine the interconnections between ecological and social changes taking place in rural landscapes. We propose that increasingly rapid and extreme landscape simplification erodes human-nature connectedness, social relations, and the sense of agency of inhabitants—potentially to the point of severe erosion of relational values in extreme cases. We illustrate these hypothesized changes through four case studies from across the globe. Leaving the links between ecological, social-ecological and social dimensions of landscape change unattended could exacerbate disconnection from nature. Conclusion A relational values perspective can shed new light on managing and restoring landscapes. Landscape sustainability science is ideally placed as an integrative space that can connect relevant insights from landscape ecology and work on relational values. We see local agency as a likely key ingredient to landscape sustainability that should be actively fostered in conservation and restoration projects.
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Kühne, Olaf, and Dennis Edler. "Georg Simmel Goes Virtual: From ‘Philosophy of Landscape’ to the Possibilities of Virtual Reality in Landscape Research." Societies 12, no. 5 (August 28, 2022): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soc12050122.
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With his text “Philosophy of Landscape” (German original: “Philosophie der Landschaft”), the German sociologist and philosopher Georg Simmel laid a foundation for landscape research that is still significant today. In the text, he equates the creation and perception of landscape with the creation of a painting. In doing so, he provided an essential foundation for landscape research with a constructivist orientation. In order to be able to grasp the differentiated nature of landscape analytically and to apply it to Simmel’s understanding of landscape, we resort to the approach of the three landscapes, which was developed from Karl Popper’s theory of the three worlds. The pictorial metaphor of Simmel’s understanding of landscapes, however, had the effect of limiting landscape to the visual, and often to what he described as ‘natural’. It did not address the power-bound nature of landscape. These aspects, however, are of great importance in current discussions about landscape. Aspects of power, multisensuality, and the incorporation of non-natural elements gain additional currency through the creation of augmented and virtual landscapes. This concerns, on the one hand, the creation of these landscapes, on the other hand, their individual internal consciousness, as well as their social construction. These show, not least, the contingency of landscape construction. They offer possibilities for the investigation of landscape stereotypes, and how innovations can be fed into the social construction of landscape to engage other senses beyond the sense of sight. The aim of our paper is to use conceptual critique to reflect on the conceptual development of social and cultural studies in landscape research since Simmel and to present its potential for framing research on AR and VR landscapes.
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Hess, Scott. "Cedar Hill: Frederick Douglass’s Literary Landscape and the Racial Construction of Nature." American Literature 93, no. 4 (October 22, 2021): 571–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00029831-9520180.
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Abstract This essay explores the overlooked significance of Cedar Hill, the landscape estate Frederick Douglass bought in 1877 near Washington, DC, both as a literary landscape and as a form of participation in the nineteenth-century elite culture of nature. Literary landscapes, associated with specific authors and their genius, emerged during the nineteenth century as important sites of memory and focal points for new practices of literary interpretation, tourism, and pilgrimage. The essay demonstrates Douglass’s self-conscious cultivation of Cedar Hill as a literary landscape that supported his claims for elite cultural status and full democratic citizenship. Cedar Hill allowed Douglass to claim both legal and symbolic possession over the landscape, establishing his connection with nature in ways that rivalled southern agrarian plantations and responded to his and other African Americans’ dispossession from the land through slavery. Cedar Hill was memorialized after Douglass’s death as a powerful site of African American identity, but its racial associations disqualified it as nature in the dominant white cultural imagination. Exploring Cedar Hill’s lost legacy as a literary landscape sheds new light both on Douglass’s identity and on the wider intersection of race, landscape, and nature in nineteenth-century and contemporary America.
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Drăguţ, Lucian, Ulrich Walz, and Thomas Blaschke. "The third and fourth dimensions of landscape: Towards conceptual models of topographically complex landscapes." Landscape Online 22 (November 18, 2010): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3097/lo.201022.
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Relating spatial patterns to ecological processes is one of the central goals of landscape ecology. The patch-corridor-matrix model and landscape metrics have been the predominant approach to describe the spatial arrangement of discrete elements ("patches") for the last two decades. However, the widely used approach of using landscape metrics for characterizing categorical map patterns is connected with a number of problems. We aim at stimulating further developments in the field of the analysis of spatio-temporal landscape patterns by providing both a critical review of existing techniques and clarifying their pros and cons as well as demonstrating how to extent common approaches in landscape ecology (e.g. the patch-corridor-matrix model). The extension into the third dimension means adding information on the relief and height of vegetation, while the fourth dimension means the temporal, dynamic aspect of landscapes. The contribution is structured around three main topics: the third dimension of landscapes, the fourth dimension of landscapes, and spatial and temporal scales in landscape analysis. Based on the results of a symposium on this theme at the IALE conference in 2009 in Salzburg and a literature review we emphasize the need to add topographic information into evaluations of landscape structure, the appropriate consideration of scales; and to consider the ambiguity and even contradiction between landscape metrics.
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Kortmann, Mareike, Per Angelstam, Marius Mayer, Franz Leibl, Jessica Reichert, Christine Thorn, and Simon Thorn. "Disturbance Severity and Human–Nature Relationships: A New Approach to Analyze People’s Well-Being along a Bark Beetle Infestation Gradient." Forests 13, no. 11 (November 18, 2022): 1954. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13111954.
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Contact to nature and greenspace is important for emotional well-being and can promote human health. Forest landscapes provide such access to greenspace, especially in protected areas. However, forested protected areas are impacted by natural disturbances such as bark beetle infestations. On the one hand, such disturbances have positive impacts on ecological processes and biodiversity. On the other hand, they have allegedly negative impacts on the recreational value of a landscape. Limited knowledge about the public’s perception of forests subject to natural disturbances still hampers forest management to balance ecological functions and visitors’ recreational experience. Thus, our aim was to determine how attitudes towards nature influence the personal well-being in a naturally disturbed landscape. We investigated self-reported well-being and attitudes towards nature in a standardized questionnaire-based survey of 1008 German inhabitants in an experimentally adapted landscape visualization. Self-reported well-being was generally highest in landscapes with relatively few bark-beetle-killed trees. This was especially the case for people who felt included with nature and preferred an appreciative use or preservation of nature. Conversely, people who had previously visited a national park with visible bark beetle infestations rated their personal well-being highest in landscapes with larger proportions of beetle-killed trees. Our results indicate that it is necessary to analyze people’s knowledge about and relations to forest landscapes as well as concepts of nature conservation, natural landscapes, and biodiversity to gain a better understanding of people’s perceptions of natural disturbances.
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Drygval, Anna V., Polina V. Drygval, Roman Vyacheslavovich Gorbunov, and Vladimir Alexandrovich Lapchenko. "Functioning of steppe landscapes in the autumn season by the example of the Karadag Nature Reserve." Bulletin of the Karaganda University. “Biology, medicine, geography Series” 104, no. 4 (December 30, 2021): 134–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2021bmg4/134-143.
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The results of the functioning of low-mountain sub-Mediterranean steppe landscapes in the autumn period (from 2014 to 2019) are obtained on the example of the Karadag Nature Reserve. The results of the processes of “development”, “destruction” of both prerequisites and results of landscape functioning and “accumulation” of prerequisites for landscape development, as well as mixed categories in the autumn season are distinguished. Relatively alternating with each other, in the autumn season, the process of accumulation of prerequisites (in 2015, 2016, and 2019) and the process of development (in 2014 and 2017, respectively) have minimum values. In 2018, the processes of accumulation and development are at the same level, and each account for 2.6 % of the total number of the processes observations, which occurred in the steppe landscapes this year. The autumn season is absolutely dominated by the process of destruction of prerequisites and results of functioning in landscapes. This process varies from 93.9 % in 2014 to 98.8 % in 2016.
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Cameron, Ewen A. "Smout (ed.), Nature, Landscape and People." Scottish Historical Review 82, no. 2 (October 2003): 333–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/shr.2003.82.2.333.
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Cameron, Ewen A. "Smout (ed.), Nature, Landscape and People." Scottish Historical Review 83, no. 1 (April 2004): 122–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/shr.2004.83.1.122.
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Llorens Moreno, Núria. "Nature and landscape in Shaftesbury’s aesthetics." Locus Amoenus 8, no. 1 (December 1, 2006): 349. http://dx.doi.org/10.5565/rev/locus.175.
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Short, Kevin MacEwen. "Nature, landscape and culture of satoyama." Bulletion of the International Association for Landscape Ecology-Japan 7, no. 3 (2002): 63–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5738/jale.7.63.
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Coffin, Alisa W. "PLACING NATURE: CULTURE AND LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY." Landscape Journal 18, no. 1 (1999): 96–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3368/lj.18.1.96.
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Davydiuk, Mykola. "Landscape studies of the nature states." Physical Geography and Geomorphology 94, no. 2 (2019): 52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/phgg.2019.2.07.
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Chernykh, D. V. "LANDSCAPE MAPPING IN STRICT NATURE RESERVES." Proceedings of the Tigirek State Natural Reserve, no. 7 (2015): 176–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.53005/20767390_2015_7_176.
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Stein, Achva Benzinberg. "Topic Studio: Nature, Landscape, and Garden." Journal of Architectural Education (1984-) 44, no. 3 (May 1991): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1425265.
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Stein, Achva Benzinberg. "Topic Studio: Nature, Landscape, and Garden." Journal of Architectural Education 44, no. 3 (May 1991): 156–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10464883.1991.11102686.
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Olwig, Kenneth R. "Recovering the Substantive Nature of Landscape." Annals of the Association of American Geographers 86, no. 4 (December 1996): 630–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8306.1996.tb01770.x.
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Virtanen, Tarmo, and Malin Ek. "The fragmented nature of tundra landscape." International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation 27 (April 2014): 4–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2013.05.010.
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Brusak, Vitaliy, and Mykola Maydanskiy. "The functional zoning of Carpathian region national nature parks and regional landscape parks: the current condition, methods and methodology of realization." Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography, no. 41 (September 17, 2013): 50–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgg.2013.41.1930.
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The current condition of functional zoning of Carpathian region national nature parks and regional landscape parks has been analyzed. The methods and methodology of national parks functional and operating zoning based on ecologic and landscapes ground has been developed. The main objects of nature preserving valuation according to the functional zoning are the nature complexes, the smallest administrative unite are the forestry shares. The proposional methods and methodology of functional and operating zoning were tested on national park “Guculshchyna” and Yavorivskiy nature park exampels. Key words: national nature park, regional landscape park, functional zoning, operating zoning, Carpathian region.
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Klieshch, Anastasia A., and Nadiya V. Maksymenko. "Positional-dynamic territorial structure of the urban landscape." Journal of Geology, Geography and Geoecology 29, no. 3 (October 10, 2020): 539–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/112049.
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The knowledge of landscapes’ positional - dynamic structure enabled us to include it in the work on urban landscape and ecological planning, with its ownspecifics as environmental management objects. The aim is to create cartographic models of a positional-dynamic territorial structure of Kharkiv landscape to ensure a balanced use of nature in environmental management. Methods: a positional-dynamic structure of urban landscape was selected by compiling andanalyzing cartographic works of landscape strips, tiers and districts. Territorial configuration of different types of landscape strips were identified and established based on the classical scheme of landscape locations typology by water-geochemical regime proposed by B. Polynov and supplemented by M. Glazovska, which includes 9 main types. Technically, synthesis of parameters combinations and determination of the territories affiliation to certain types of landscape strips was carried out using spatial analysis tools (in particular, reclassification and raster calculator) of initial data on morphometric relief parameters in ArcGIS. Results. A set of qualitative parameters is proposed, based on the characteristics of each type of landscape strips by which they can be identified.Composition and territorial configuration of positional-dynamic landscape strips of the urban landscape are established as a result of systematization and processing of geodata parametric features of the water-geochemical regime. Cartographic models of the positional-dynamic structureof Kharkiv landscapes have been developed, including 13 types of landscape strips with individual features united in 5 groups by types of lateral migration of substances due to the peculiarities of their positionality (common position in relation to frame lines of flow directions) and factors of relief morphology similarity, nature of income and intensity of substances transfer. The identified mode types and the nature of the spatial distribution of the corresponding landscape strips have been described in detail. Conclusions. Cartographic models of the positional-dynamic territorial structure of Kharkiv, developed during the inventory stage of landscape-ecological planning, make it possible to choose areas of balanced nature management of a particular area.
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Martínez-Ruiz, Marisela, Miguel A. De Labra-Hernández, Fernando César Gonçalves Bonfim, and Eliana Cazetta. "Influence of Landscape Structure on Toucans and Parrots in the Fragmented Landscape of Los Tuxtlas, Mexico." Tropical Conservation Science 14 (January 2021): 194008292110499. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/19400829211049999.
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Background and Research Aims: Habitat amount plays an important role in determining the presence and abundance of bird species in modified landscapes, whereas habitat fragmentation has shown little effects. Toucans (Ramphastidae) and parrots (Psittacidae) are large-bodied primary consumers and among the most representative birds in Neotropical forests. They are highly sensitive to habitat loss; nevertheless, their response to fragmentation has been poorly assessed leading to contradictory results. Here, we evaluate the influence of landscape structure on toucans and parrots in the tropical forest of Los Tuxtlas, Mexico. Methods: We censused birds in 12 landscapes of Los Tuxtlas and used a multi-scale landscape approach to assess the influence of landscape composition and configuration on the number of individuals of toucans and parrots. Results: We found that the most important and positive predictor of toucans and parrots was the amount of primary forest cover in the landscape. Forest fragmentation had positive effects on the number of toucan individuals, whereas parrots had negative responses to patch density but positive responses to edge density in the landscape. Conclusion: Our results suggest that primary forest loss is the main threat for toucans and parrots in Los Tuxtlas. Implications for conservation: Future conservation and land management must consider the protection of large and small remnants of primary forest and avoid additional forest loss in order to preserve toucan and parrots and their functional roles in human-modified Neotropical landscapes.
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Kyvelou, Stella Sofia, and Anestis Gourgiotis. "Landscape as Connecting Link of Nature and Culture: Spatial Planning Policy Implications in Greece." Urban Science 3, no. 3 (July 27, 2019): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/urbansci3030081.
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The research paper investigates the diverse understandings of “landscape”, along with demonstrating the modes of contribution of the European Landscape Convention (ELC) of the Council of Europe (CE) in influencing national spatial planning systems. The paper, interested in considering the efficiency of landscape policy from a territorial perspective, briefly outlines the perception and understanding of landscape as connecting link of nature and culture and conducts a literature review with the aim to support the prospect of a «European model of landscape planning». Lastly, it critically examines the approach to landscape planning and management by the Greek state, revealing the catalytic role of the Council of Europe (CE) in activating the dimension of landscape in Greece, in a mutualistic perspective between environmental policy and spatial planning, mainly through strategic spatial planning tools (i.e., the Regional Spatial Plans, RSPs). The results point out that (a) the ELC gave new impetus to spatial planning in Greece, providing the tool to manage and coordinate landscape policy, positively influencing the evolving spatial planning paradigm; (b) the decentralized approach adopted, identified landscapes of particular value at a regional level, so as to be given priority in terms of the implementation of coordinated governance arrangements and management actions. However, the implementation of landscape policy continues to rely on the underlying spatial planning level (Local Spatial Plans, Special Spatial Plans) and a general conclusion is that both on land and on sea, it depends on the incorporation of evolutionary trends in planning including an evolutionary perspective for landscape itself, viewed as a complex social-ecological system.
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Nakazora, Moe. "Nature–Cultures in Translation: Japanese Nature Guides Encountering Canadian Landscape." Science as Culture 25, no. 1 (January 2, 2016): 149–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09505431.2015.1074464.
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Serrano-Montes, José L., Emilio Martínez-Ibarra, and Jonatan Arias-García. "How Does the Presence of Livestock Influence Landscape Preferences? An Image-Based Approach." Landscape Online 71 (July 1, 2019): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3097/lo.201971.
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The European Landscape Convention (ELC) emphasises that the public should be extensively involved in the processes of landscape protection, planning and management. In spite of the emerging interest in the relationship between animals and landscapes in the study of animal geography, little is known about the influence of the landscape-animal component on public aspirations and the values attributed to landscape. We conducted a survey in the form of an image-based questionnaire in order to evaluate the influence of certain animal species, in this case livestock, on landscape preferences. The results show that all grazing animals have a positive impact on landscape preferences, although some species seem more popular than others. The preference for scenes with animals decreases, however, when compared with scenes with other landscape features (vegetation, traditional buildings or water). Significant differences in preferences for scenes with animals were observed according to certain sociodemographic variables such as gender, familiarity with the landscape and direct involvement in livestock farming. Of the groups surveyed, livestock farmers showed the strongest preferences for the scenes with animals. The findings of this study can be applied within the citizen participation policies encouraged by the ELC, as well as in the protection, management and planning of rural landscapes in which livestock is an appreciable feature.
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Nadirov, Magir Abdulali oghlu. "ASSESSMENT OF MODERN LANDSCAPE POTENTIAL IN THE CASPIAN COASTAL PLAINS." GEOGRAPHY AND TOURISM, no. 68 (2022): 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2308-135x.2022.68.44-51.
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Aim: In recent decades, high population growth rates have increased the impact on nature. The expansion of agricultural areas and the rapid appropriation of land require landscape assessment and systematic planning of nature management mechanisms. The main purpose of the study is to assess the natural landscape potential of the territory and propose measures that reflect the nature of the landscape and its regional and ecological significance. Methodology: The Caspian coastal plains of Azerbaijan, chosen as the study area, are distinguished by their sensitivity to anthropogenic impacts. In the evaluation process, the landscapes of the study area were categorized as weak, medium, and strong in terms of natural resource potential, productivity, and recreational potential. For determining the levels of sensitivity to technogenic impacts, landscapes were grouped according to the level of ecological tension into satisfactory, stressed, critical, and crisis levels and an expert assessment was carried out using a 100-point system. Results: According to the calculation, 54% of the coastal plains of the Caspian Sea that make up the study area are semi-arid landscapes, 14% are forests and meadows, 26% are dry steppes, and 5% are hydromorphic-intrazonal landscapes. During the assessment, it was revealed that landscapes with a low natural resource potential cover 42% of the area, landscapes with an average natural resource potential - 23%, and landscapes with a strong natural resource potential - 11%. Protected landscapes cover 24% of the study area. Evaluation of the sensitivity of landscapes to technogenic impacts showed that most of the territory (41%) is at a severe ecological level. Scientific novelty: The landscapes of the study area were evaluated in terms of natural resource potential and anthropogenic impacts. As a result, a system of measures for optimal management of landscape complexes was proposed taking into account the separated zones.