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1
Moelyaningrum, Anita Dewi, Disny Prajnawita, and Prehatin Trirahayu Ningrum. "Analysis Flies Density at Final Waste Disposal Jember Distric Area, Indonesia (Studi at Pakusari landfill and Ambulu landfill)." JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN 12, no. 2 (April 27, 2020): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jkl.v12i2.2020.136-143.
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Introduction: Flies can transmitted disease. The final waste disposals were the breeding place of flies, especially when the final waste disposals weren`t implementation in good management. The objectives of the research were to analyze the differences between flies density in the Pakusari landfill and Ambulu landfill, Jember District, Indonesia. Method: the method was analytic with a cross-sectional design. The data were collected with observation, interview and measure the flies density. The population was all of the area kavling in the Pakusari and Ambulu landfill. The samples were total population. There were 4 active kavling in the landfill, and interview 68 head of the family which stays around the landfill how the flies disrupt their daily activity. The measurements of flies density were using fly grill, stopwatch, form the flies density. The type of flies was identification. Result and Discussion: Waste disposal management at Pakusari landfill was a controlled landfill, and Ambulu was open dumping. Both of flies density of the landfill were categorized very high. The measurement of flies density was in September 2019, whereas the Pakusari landfill using open dumping because of the equipment was broken. The highest flies density on Pakusari at kavling 2 dan 3,4 were 44,4 per 30 seconds (point 1) and 42,4 per 30 seconds (point 1). At kavling 2, 3 Ambulu landfills were 34 per 30 seconds (point 6) and 31,4 per second (point 1) There were sig difference flies density between Pakusari and Ambulu landfill (p=0,000). The most of flies were Musca Domestica(81%). The most distribution of flies were disturbed by the view, causing diarrhea, typus. Conclussion: Waste disposal landfill management should be improving with sanitary landill to control the flies density and decrease the vector-borne disease.
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Manfrinato, Jair Wagner De Souza, Benedito Luiz Martins, and Fábio José Esguícero. "Public Administration of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW): the experience in Lençóis Paulista City." Revista Ibero-Americana de Estratégia 6, no. 2 (September 2, 2008): 137–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5585/ijsm.v6i2.1240.
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In this article, the management of the MSW in Lençóis Paulista city is discussed. The ineficient public administration of the wastes and also the social awareness of a group of people who survived by using the leftover of these wastes, have made necessary the organization of an Integrated Management Plan of MSW, which was created by the Municipality in partnership with São Paulo State University (Unesp). The results were obtained with the restructuring of the Recycling and Composting Plant, the implementation of selective collection, the creation of a collector cooperative in partnership with the Disabled Association, and thus generating social inclusion, an increase in recyclable materials, as well as in the increase in the life of the landill, and the implementation of the composting process.
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Porowska, Dorota. "Review of Research Methods for Assessing the Activity of a Municipal Landfill Based on the Landfill Gas Analysis." Periodica Polytechnica Chemical Engineering 65, no. 2 (January 14, 2021): 167–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppch.16476.
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Accurate projection of gas generation from landfills poses numerous difficulties. One needs to select and use an appropriate method from among several available options, and consider local and individual conditions of a landfill. These aspects are crucial for the economic management of the landfill gas in new landfills, and for assessing the impact of the gas on soil-water environment in old landfills. This paper is aimed at reviewing the research methods that can be used to assess the activity of new municipal waste landfills currently in operation, and of old, closed landfills after reclamation. Landfill activity can be assessed using different models and analysis of the produced gas. The actual data on the investigated municipal landfill showed that the landfill activity can be accurately assessed based on the quantitative determination of biogas formation using the LandGEM method, and the analysis of gas phase variability in the landfill accounting for oxygen, methane, carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide share/presence. Each landfill is different and calls for an individual approach or methodological modifications.
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Warwick, SJ, P. Durany-Fernandez, DJ Sapsford, PJ Cleall, and MJ Harbottle. "Altered chemical evolution in landfill leachate post implementation of biodegradable waste diversion." Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 36, no. 9 (July 17, 2018): 857–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x18785723.
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Within the UK implementation of the European Union Landfill Directive (1999) has led to the diversion of biodegradable waste (BW) from municipal solid wastes away from landfills. It has been widely anticipated, but thus far not verified, that the diversion of BW and consequent reduction in BW reaching landfill would lead to a change in the degradation processes occurring within landfills and that this would be reflected in an altered evolution in leachate chemistry compared to pre-Directive landfills. This paper provides evidence based on leachate chemistry from two operational landfills together with calculations of the reduced BW content, that demonstrate the acetogenic phase that characterised pre-Directive landfill leachates is missing and is now more typical of methanogenic phase leachate. The paper demonstrates how data from national datasets and detailed landfill records can be used to constrain likely and upper estimates of the amount of BW going into post-Directive landfills, and the observed change in the evolution of leachate chemistry which has resulted from a decrease in BW content from typical values of BW (pre-Landfill Directive) of 22% to an inferred 12% in the case-study landfills. Data provided here add to the growing literature that estimates the amount of BW in recent post-Directive landfills which importantly allow the quantitative linkage between a decrease in landfilled BW and observed changes in leachate chemistry to be established such that future landfill operators can increase confidence in the effect of Directive implementation on landfill operational parameters.
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Popovych, V. "DEPENDENCE OF THE ENZYME ACTIVITY OF CATALASE ON THE STARCH CONTENT IN RUDERAL VEGETATION OF LANDFILS." Bulletin of Lviv State University of Life Safety, no. 18 (December 31, 2018): 139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.32447/20784643.18.2018.16.
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Introduction. Catalase is concentrated in plant tissues. It is one of the most active enzymes. This enzyme was identified in microbodies (peroxisomes) involved in the photosynthesis. Its role is to provide with oxygen the parts of plant tissues that have complicated access to oxygen. Catalase also affects the development of relations between the plant and pathogenic micromycetes. The plants lesion with toxic gases, salts, micromycetes, climatological factors, and bacteria cause an increase in the generation of active forms of oxygen. Catalase, in contrast to peroxidase, does not require a reductive substrate for activity. The higher is the catalase activity, the gas-resistance of the plants increases. Low catalase activity indicates a small adaptive capacity of plants to severe environmental conditions.
The antioxidant enzymes of peroxidase and catalase can be a biochemical markers for the stress state of plants. Enzymes detection is an extremely complex analytical task, therefore during ecological monitoring not the emzymes presence is determined but the level of their activity in relation to the rate of reaction they catalyze. For environmental safety the investigation of catalase activity in landfills is extremely relevant.
Purpose. The purpose of the work is to investigate the enzyme activity of catalase in the vegetation of landfils depending on the environment.
Methods. Physiological, chemical methods and methods of logistic constructions are used in this paper.
Results. In order to determine the counteraction of landfill plants to drought, we determined the level of starch in their body. The plants of different species growing on the surface and at the foot of the landfill, and at a distance of 300 m from the foot (control sample) were compared. Based on the research of starch content it has been established that the most drought-resistant species growing on the landfill and in surrounding area are city goosefoot, the wormwood and absinthium. Great bur and greater plantain are tended to low starch accumulation. According to the indicators of drought tolerance, the most unfavorable location for vegetation is the foot of landfills. The most important negative factor at the foot of the landfill is the drainage from the landfill and the evaporation of the filtration water. The drought tolerance of plants and catalase enzyme activity depending on their location are mutually influential. Using a correlation analysis, it was found that the level of starch in vegetation on the surface of the landfill does not affect the catalase activity of the investigated vegetation (the correlation coefficient is low and equals 0.35). It is caused by the low level of toxicants in edaphotopes and air, and as a consequence, by a low impact on biota. The results of research of catalase enzyme activity in ruderal vegetation of landfills are presented. The highest catalase activity has city goosefoot. The lowest catalase activity has a great bur and greater plantain. The most unfavorable for vegetation development is the foot of landfill. It has been established that the catalase activity depends on the content of starch in rhizomes. The higher is the level of starch, the more the plant counteracts the hazardous factors of landfills.
Conclusions. During investigation of the catalase enzyme activity of ruderal vegetation in different areas of landfills, it was established that its level depends on the content of starch in rhizomes. The higher the level of starch, the more the plant counteracts the deleterious factors of landfills (drought, combustion products, micromycetes activity, toxic gases of wastes breakdown, activity of pathogenic microorganisms). The results of investigation of the catalase activity of vegetation in landfills can be used in planning the biological phase of reclamation and phytomelioration of landfills.
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Walsh, Aleah, and Courtney G. Woods. "Presence of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Landfill Adjacent Surface Waters in North Carolina." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 15 (August 4, 2023): 6524. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20156524.
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Landfills pose an important public health risk, especially in historically disenfranchised communities that are disproportionately sited for landfills and in rural areas where private wells may be impacted. Landfills are major sources of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) that migrate into the surrounding environment. This study characterized PFAS in surface waters adjacent to two landfills, one in Sampson County (SC) and one in Orange County (OC) in North Carolina. In addition to municipal solid waste and construction and demolition waste, the landfill in SC accepts industrial sludge from a chemical plant that produces proprietary PFAS. Over four months, 35 surface water samples were collected at upstream, landfill-adjacent, and downstream/downgradient sites. Thirty-four PFAS were analyzed using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectroscopy. Of those, six novel and six legacy PFAS were detected. Legacy PFAS were detected in surface water near both landfills, with the highest concentrations adjacent to the landfill. Novel PFAS were only detected in surface water near the SC landfill and showed the highest concentrations adjacent to the landfill, indicating offsite migration of PFAS. These findings support the need for more comprehensive and frequent monitoring of groundwater and surface water wells near landfills and stricter regulation regarding the landfilling of industrial materials.
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Rizani, Mohammad Debby, and Teguh Imam Rahayu. "PENINGKATAN LAYANAN PERSAMPAHAN DI WILAYAH PERKOTAAN (Studi Kasus Pengelolaan Persampahan Kota Mojokerto)." Public Service and Governance Journal 2, no. 02 (July 1, 2021): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.56444/psgj.v2i02.2275.
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<p class="abstract-header">Abstrak</p><p class="abstract-header"> </p><p class="abstrak">Kondisi persampahan Kota Mojokerto yang terdiri dari 2 kecamatan dan 18 kelurahan, pelayanan persampahan mencakup di 67% kelurahan, dengan kemampuan mengangkut 78,2% dari timbulan sampah kota sebesar 349 m3/hari dan dihasilkan dari 135.024 jiwa. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengembangkan strategi pengelolaan sampah yang berkelanjutan dengan metode diskriptif kualitatif. Pengambilan data dengan metode studi dokumen,diskusi kelompok terfokus, wawancara dan observasi pada proses pengelolaan sampah. Kondisi pengelolaan sampah ditinjau dari aspek teknis operasional, kelembagaan, peraturan, pendanaan, peran serta masyarakat dengan mengacu pada teori dan analisis Strength, Weaknesess, Opportunity, dan Threath (SWOT). Pengelolaan sampah Pemerintah Kota Mojokerto dengan sistem kumpul-angkut-buang mengakibatkan timbulan sampah yang tidak terkendali di TPA serta biaya operasional tinggi, dilakukan uji coba pengurangan sampah dari sumber, pengolahan sampah skala kawasan dan skala kota tetapi belum memberikan hasil optimal, sampah masuk ke TPA sebesar 273 m3 per hari. Pemrosesan sampah di TPA dengan sistem control landill dan laju timbulan sampah sebesar 1,6% pertahun dengan biaya pengelolaan sampah yang belum cost recovery.Pengembangan strategi pengelolaan sampah diprioritaskan pada optimalisasi pengurangan volume sampah dari sumber dengan melibatkan peran aktif masyarakat skala rumah tangga dan kawasan atau kelompok, peningkatan kualitas pengelolaan TPA sebagai tempat pemrosesan bukan pembuangan, peningkatan cakupan pelayanan persampahan, peningkatan kerjasama dengan pihak swata,pengembangan sistem penghargaan dan sangsi, pemulihan biaya pengelolaan sampah, kerjasama regional dalam pengelolaan sampah, optimalisasi pemanfaatan sarana dan prasarana persampahan. Strategi bertumpu pada perubahan pola pikir untuk mengelola sampah kota bersama antara pemerintah masyarakat dan swasta dengan penerapan pengurangan, pemakaian kembali, daur ulang dan pembuangan yang aman bagi lingkungan.</p><p class="katakunci"><strong>Katakunci : </strong>persampahan, analisis SWOT, strategi pengelolaan sampah</p><p class="abstract-header"><em>Abstract </em></p><p class="abstract-header"><em> </em></p><p class="abstrak">Mojokerto City consists of 2 districts and 18 villages, and the waste services cover 67% of the villages, with the capability of transporting 78.2% of the waste generated by 349 m<sup>3</sup>/day produced by 135,024 inhabitants. The research aims to develop a sustainable waste management strategy with qualitative descriptive method. Data collection was done through documentation, focused group discussion, interviews, and observations on the process of waste management. Waste management was seen technically from the operational, institutional, regulatory, funding, community participation aspects with reference to the theory and analysis of Strength, Weaknesses, Opportunity, and Threat (SWOT). Waste management inMojokerto Cityuses the collection, transportation, and disposal system leading to uncontrolled waste generation at the landfill as well as high operational cost. Trials on waste reduction in terms of sources as well as waste management at the regional level were done, yet they had not provided optimum result as waste disposed at the landfill amounting to 273 m<sup>3</sup> per day. Waste management in the landfill with landfill control systems and solid waste generation rate of 1.6% per year lead to failure in cost recovery.Developing waste management strategy to reduce the volume of waste sources by involving the active participation of domestic and community scale or regional groups, improving the quality of the management of the landfill as a processing site instead of disposal, increasing waste services coverage, increasing cooperation with individuals, developing the system of rewards and sanctions, recovering costs of waste management, regional cooperation in waste management, optimizing the utilization of solid waste infrastructure are all necessary. The strategy relies on a change of mindset for managing solid waste between the public and private sector with the implementation of reduction, reuse, recycling and environmentally safe disposal.</p><strong>Keywords : </strong><em>waste management, SWOT analysis, waste management strategy</em>
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Prituzhalova, O. A., and I. A. Zhovanik. "ANALYSIS OF THE STUDY OF LANDFILL FILTRATE AT RUSSIAN MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE LANDFILLS." Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series Biology. Earth Sciences 33, no. 4 (December 29, 2023): 413–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9518-2023-33-4-413-426.
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One of the most acute environmental problems of our time is the problem of handling solid municipal waste (SMW). Landfills are significant sources of environmental impact, the main factors of which are the release of landfill gases and landfill filtrate. The purpose of the article is to identify “white spots” in the issues of the study of landfill filtrate at Russian landfills and to pose topical research questions. A review of studies on the volume and composition of landfill filtrate, methods for studying its effects on the components of the natural environment was completed. In order to assess the impact on the composition of waste and the filtrate formed during their placement at SMW landfills, modern trends in the handling of SMW are considered: an increase in the share of electronic garbage and plastic in the composition of waste. The volume of landfill filtrate formation at SMW landfills is estimated using the example of the Tyumen region. It has been established that landfill filtrate has a different composition depending on the stage of the landfill life cycle and poses a real environmental hazard. The data of various researchers on the concentrations of pollutants in landfill filtrate are poorly comparable, since the filtrate at each landfill has its own distinctive features due to the specifics of the arrangement and operation of the landfill, as well as the specifics of its location. Under these conditions, the prospects for research on the impact of landfill filtrate on the natural environment are primarily associated with the study of the impact of each specific landfill, as well as with the development of models that adequately reflect the basic patterns of landfill filtrate formation in different conditions.
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HASHIM, FAZLINI, AIDA MAUZIAH BENJAMIN, and SYARIZA ABDUL-RAHMAN. "AN ANALYSIS OF THE UTILISATION OF LANDFILL FACILITIES IN A WASTE COLLECTION VEHICLE ROUTING PROBLEM." JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABILITY SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT 18, no. 4 (April 30, 2023): 86–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.46754/jssm.2023.04.007.
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Recent studies have addressed several constraints to ensure the effective applicability of numerous models. However, an exclusive model meant for landfill utilisation for landfill facilities is still untapped. As such, this paper proposes a new constraint faced by landfill facilities to ensure a more comprehensive model and its applicability to real-life issues. This idea is influenced by three main reasons. First, the lifespan of selected landfills is bound to decrease due to the increasing density of waste transported to landfills daily. The second reason is abandoning the available landfill sites due to inappropriate locations. Lastly, the government would need to bear high costs in establishing more landfills to accommodate the annually increasing waste. Hence, the Nearest Greedy method was applied to a benchmark problem of Waste Collection Vehicle Routing Problem (WCVRP) to construct feasible initial routes by considering the following three scenarios of landfills: (1) without capacity priority, (2) balance capacity priority, and (3) imbalance capacity priority. This study highlights the importance of using all available landfills to unload waste for the WCVRP. Weighing in this additional constraint may increase the life expectancy of the available landfill sites. However, the computational findings revealed that utilising all available landfill facilities (scenarios 2 and 3) can significantly increase the total distance travelled and the number of vehicles used compared to Scenario 1.
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Liu, Hailong, Xiang Luo, Xingyao Jiang, Chunyi Cui, and Zhen Huyan. "The Evaluation System of the Sustainable Development of Municipal Solid Waste Landfills and Its Application." Sustainability 13, no. 3 (January 22, 2021): 1150. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13031150.
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Improving the understanding of the stabilization process is of great significance to guide the sustainable development of municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills. An evaluation system of the stabilization process of MSW landfills has been established. The indices of the evaluation system involve the degradation degree of MSW, the release of landfill gas production potential, and the settlement of landfills. Based on the biochemical-consolidation-solute migration coupled model, an evaluation method of the MSW landfill stabilization process is proposed by combining field tests with numerical simulation. The stabilization process of the Jiangcungou landfill in China is investigated by using the proposed method. The analyzed results show that the stabilization process of high kitchen waste content landfills can be divided into three stages, which is different from the stabilization process of landfills in developed countries. For the Jiangcungou landfill, the ratio of cellulose to lignin in MSW decreases rapidly during the fast degradation stage when obvious settlement occurs. During the slow degradation stage, the hydrolysis rate is slow and settlement develops slowly. When the landfill reaches the stabilization stage, the ratio of cellulose to lignin of MSW changes very slowly; most of the landfill gas potential has been released; the settlement stabilization is completed basically. The change processes of the three evaluation indices are different, of which the degradation stabilization index is the main one. According to the findings above, leachate recirculation is recommended to adjust the degradation environment in the landfill, which can be helpful to avoid acidification at the fast degradation stage. Temporary cover is suggested to improve landfill gas collection efficiency at the beginning of the stable methanogenic stage. The landfill site closure should be operated when the settlement rate is low.
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Prilindatami, Rimadhani, and Okik Hendriyanto Cahyonugroho. "Estimasi Emisi Gas Rumah Kaca (GRK) di TPA Benowo Menggunakan Model LandGem." JURNAL SAINS TEKNOLOGI & LINGKUNGAN 9, no. 4 (December 28, 2023): 710–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jstl.v9i4.518.
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Greenhouse gases (GHG) are one of the dangerous gases that cause global warming. Greenhouse gases include methane gas and carbon dioxide. In large quantities, this gas can cause damage to the atmosphere. Greenhouse gas emissions are dominated by waste management activities at landfills. Benowo Landfill is one of the Landfills that manages the waste of the residents of Surabaya City. The more waste that is piled up in the landfill, the more gas is produced. So it is necessary to estimate the occurrence of methane gas and carbon dioxide gas in landfills. LandGem is a model that is able to estimate greenhouse gases that will appear in landfills. In this research, greenhouse gas estimates were carried out at the Benowo landfill using 3 scenarios. This scenario is applied to determine the influence of weather (k value) on the landfill. The results showed that scenario 3 which uses a k value of 0.7 (wet area) has the highest estimate of methane and carbon dioxide compared to the other scenarios, namely 6.801 x 107 m3/year. This happens because the k value means that the landfill area has high rainfall and there is a bioreactor or leachate circulation system. This value is considered a good value for bacterial growth in landfills.
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Zhang, Chen, Santha Santha, and Fauziah Binti Shahul Hamid. "Environmental Evaluation of Sanitary Landfills Establishment: Malaysian Case Studies." Advanced Materials Research 599 (November 2012): 224–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.599.224.
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Poor management of dump-sites creates significant risks to environment and human health. Thus, sanitary landfills are required to be more effective to minimize the impacts of waste disposal. This research assesses the environmental economic evaluation focused on the economically efficiency of Malaysian sanitary landfills. Two landfills were selected based on their different operation. Landfill A incurred RM 128 million (USD 41.8 million) as the total cost within 20 operational period. Thus, it is estimated that the cost may be covered within 15 operational years. On the other hand, the total costs for Landfill B are estimated at RM 198 million (USD 64.8 million) with RM 245 million (USD 80.2 million) are expected to be obtained as profit within eight operational years. Landfill B has high initial costs of design and construction. However, the costs are covered within the first five years. This is because Landfill B introduces a new green technology namely landfill-gas power generator. This indicates that, Landfill B has stronger market competition ability as compared to Landfill A. It can be concluded that the implementation of green technology namely landfill gas harvesting system has higher impact to improve the economic value of a landfill thus making it more economical and environmentally sustainable.
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Akyen, T., C. B. Boye, and Y. Y. Ziggah. "Landfill Lifespan Estimation: A Case Study." Ghana Mining Journal 17, no. 2 (December 13, 2017): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gm.v17i2.1.
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Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) management is one of the most serious environmental challenges facing the world at large due to the decomposing effect from the toxic gases being released into the environment by the MSW. The siting of landfill in any environment is a vital consideration that must be looked at due to the many factors such as the lifespan of the landfill, site selection, design, construction, operation and management. For this reason, it is important to estimate the lifespan of landfill accurately so as to explore the risk involved in acquiring new lands for landfills. Moreover, it is also necessary to consider proper methodology for estimating the lifespan of landfills. Based on these factors enumerated, various researchers have performed several laboratory tests in order to conclude on appropriate model that could be used to predict the lifespan of modern landfills. Mathematical models or expressions have also been suggested in literature as an alternative approach to the estimation of landfills lifespan. This research used the future value of money equation to estimate the lifespan of the Aboso landfill in Tarkwa, Ghana. The result showed that the landfill could operate for the next twelve years before it could exhaust its usefulness. Keywords: Landfill, Municipal Solid Waste, Lifespan Estimation
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Ramadan, A. H., and E. Sembiring. "Potential of Plastic Waste Leakage to Environment in Indonesian Final Disposal." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1257, no. 1 (October 1, 2023): 012001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1257/1/012001.
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Abstract The majority of developing nations still utilize landfills as their primary method of disposing of municipal solid waste (MSW), and Indonesia is no exception to this technology. On the other hand, landfill contributes a significant fraction of plastic in the global environmental leakage from mismanaged landfill and open dumping site in Asian countries. Furthermore, Indonesia has a long history of landfill mismanagement and open dumping. The loss of plastic to the environment could lead to multisectoral impacts on the health, environment, and economy. In this paper, we analyze the current situation of landfill and the potential of plastic waste leakage from landfills to the environment using systematic review and metadata analysis using GIS in Indonesia. In addition, this study analyses potential plastic leakage based on the distance to the waterways, leachate treatment facility and landfill facility. Based on the analysis, only around 11% of the landfill were claimed as sanitary landfill, yet only 3% operated based on the sanitary landfill standard of Indonesia after the analysis. The controlled landfill is also implemented in Indonesia at around 52%, and open dumping is around 37% of total final disposal. Based on the GIS analysis, more than 20% of landfill in Indonesia are near the waterways, which increase the potential for plastic leakage. Policymakers can use the resulting study to identify and prioritise ways to stop the environmental leakage of plastics from landfills.
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Dementieieva, Ya Yu, S. V. Aseeva, L. Yu Andrusenko, and A. B. Chaplygina. "Analysis of solid waste landfills vegetation cover of Kharkiv region." Studia Biologica 14, no. 4 (December 2020): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/sbi.1404.640.
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Background. Determination of plant species diversity in the areas of solid waste landfills (hereinafter “landfills”) was carried out in order to identify patterns of vegetation cover and give an ecological assessment of the technocenosis. Plant species diversity was definedon the territories of Derhachiv and Rohan landfills in the city of Kharkiv. Materials and Methods. The method of linear routes and trial areas was used to determine the number of species. The degree of coverage was measured by the Drude method. The degree of similarity was determined by calculating the Jacquard coefficient. Plants were systematized by species, life forms, life expectancy, types of cenomorphs. Results and Discussion. 117 species have been recorded at Kharkiv landfills in total. At Rohan landfill and in the adjacent territories the vegetation cover is represented by 92 species, at Derhachiv landfill – by 93 species. Because of the uneven distribution of vegetation in the territories, areas of landfills were identified according to the specifics of vegetation cover (4 for Derhachiv and 3 for Rohan landfills). The most pronounced species diversity of plants at Derhachiv landfill is in the zone of natural landscape (44.0 %), at Rohan landfill – in the zone of ruderal landscape (38.4 %). The obtained data were classified by plant species composition and the conditions of their existence. Herbaceous plants of Derhachiv and Rohan llandfills are dominant in terms of life forms – 83.8% and 85.8%, respectively. Perennial plants predominate in terms of life expectancy – 53.8 % and 52.2 %, respectively. By their practical use, landfill plants include medicinal (18.6 %), food (11.1 %), and honey (10.8 %) ones; phytomeliorant plants constitute the smallest part – 2.2 %. The Drude method was used to determine the degree of coverage. The dominant families at both landfills are Asteraceae (24.6 %) and Poaceae (13 %). Jacquard similarity coefficients ranged from 0.18 in the least similar zones to 0.75 in similar zones. Cj calculated for two landfills equals 0.11. The plants were systematized by cenomorphic affiliation. The leading type of cenomorph for the flora of landfills is ruderal species (Ru); a significant share is occupied by forest plants (Sil), meadow (Pr) and steppe (St) plant species. Conclusions. Solid waste landfill sites are characterized by a high degree of transformation, which is clearly manifested in the vegetation formation patterns. The significant difference between the vegetation cover of landfill areas (Сj = 0.11) indicates a low degree of similarity of species diversity due to the specifics of technogenesis of the studied ecosystems, historical landscape and preconditions for the formation of vegetation. Natural grass cover on the landfills is replaced by ruderal and shrub cover, which indicates harsh living conditions for cultivated plants and succession processes. There are three main patterns of the formarion of vegetation cover in the landfills: as a result of severe disturbances, indigenous plants are replaced by ruderants in the process of succession, while uncharacteristic species are introduced by biotic and abiotic factors. Keywords: vegetation cover, Derhachiv landfill, Rohan landfill, transformed landscapes, cenomorphic affiliation
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Mohammadi, Kamyab. "EVALUATION OF SOME GREENHOUSE GASES EMISSIONS FROM LANDFILL MODELS OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE." Mokslas - Lietuvos ateitis 14 (August 22, 2022): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2022.17245.
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Major greenhouse gases emissions (GHGs) that cause diseases and global warming evaporate from waste disposal in landfills. For this reason waste management skills in landfills have to be revised, otherwise the magnitude of ozone layer will decrease even more and the global warming consequences will get more obviously on the environmental scale. The resent situation on waste disposal and GHGs from European Union landfills were analyzed in this article. According to survey made in one Lithuanian landfill, the average amount of municipal biodegradable waste is 58%. The research study describes current GHGs emissions quantitative analysis from five laboratory scale municipal solid waste landfill models with different conditions. Conditions in all columns were differed by changing the inlet and outlet flows of air, water/leachate, and probiotics. The object of research is the accumulation of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and oxygen (O2) from municipal solid waste landfill models. After analysis and assessment of emitted GHG’s from the municipal solid waste landfill models, the landfill model with the lowest emissions was identified. Suitable landfill model’s condition parameters helps to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and shorten landfill aftercare period.
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Catena, Alexandra M., Jie Zhang, Roisin Commane, Lee T. Murray, Margaret J. Schwab, Eric M. Leibensperger, Joseph Marto, Mackenzie L. Smith, and James J. Schwab. "Hydrogen Sulfide Emission Properties from Two Large Landfills in New York State." Atmosphere 13, no. 8 (August 6, 2022): 1251. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13081251.
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Landfills are a source of malodors, greenhouse gases, harmful pollutants, pests, noise, and litter. To reduce their impact on neighboring communities, landfill facilities and the policies they follow must reduce emissions of trace gases such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and methane (CH4). However, a comprehensive understanding of the spatial variability of both pollutants at landfills should first be established to obtain a clear picture of emissions at landfills. This study measured the mixing ratios of H2S and CH4 at two landfills in New York State (Fresh Kills Landfill and Seneca Meadows Landfill) in November 2021 using laser-based methods deployed in a mobile lab. H2S emission fluxes were estimated based on a mass balance calculation. The highest mixing ratios of both H2S and CH4 were measured at Fresh Kills Landfill, at up to 7 parts per billion (ppb) and ~140 parts per million (ppm), respectively, yet these values resulted in a low ΔH2S/ΔCH4 ratio, at approximately 5.2 ± 2.6 × 10−5 mol mol−1 and a H2S emission flux of 0.02 ± 0.01 mg m−2 day−1. The highest ΔH2S/ΔCH4 ratio was observed at the Seneca Meadows Landfill at 8.6 ± 4.3 × 10−4 mol mol−1 and yielded a H2S emission flux estimate of 17.7 ± 12.9 mg m−2-day−1. The variability in mixing ratios and ΔH2S/ΔCH4 ratios measured at the landfills can be attributed to various factors, including facility operations and design, landfill age, meteorology, types of waste, and pH levels, but further multiday measurements are needed at each landfill to improve emission estimates and determine a more accurate and resolute reasoning behind these variations.
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Sakač, Nikola, and Nikola Hrnčić. "Microplastics in landfill leachate - characteristics and common methods of identification." Environmental engineering 10, no. 1-2 (January 31, 2024): 72–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.37023/ee.10.1-2.10.
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According to estimates, around 40 % of the world's plastic waste production is buried in landfills, which are still a widely used approach for waste disposal. Waste undergoes a number of physical, chemical, and biological changes after being landfilled, producing landfill leachate, a highly contaminated effluent. These complex physical, chemical, and biological processes that occur in landfills also cause plastics to break into smaller fragments called microplastics (MPs) which are accumulated in landfill leachate due to their small size. Depending on waste type, the degree of degradation, the climate, the characteristics of the landfill sites, socioeconomic factors, and the applied landfilling technology, leachate composition differs between landfills. Microplastics are now emerging particle anthropogenic contaminants, and their study is generating more and more attention from the scientific community and the general public. Even though landfills have taken steps to decrease the severity of this problem, MPs continue to be produced by plastics in both current and former landfills. In this way, humans and biota may be adversely affected by landfill leachate that has been released into the environment. In order to comprehend the patterns of microplastics degradation and the most typical forms of polymers that they contain, identification and characterization of MPs from landfills is highly required. These efforts will contribute to a better understanding of how MPs from landfills affect the environment.
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Ozbay, Gulnihal, Morgan Jones, Mohana Gadde, Shehu Isah, and Tahera Attarwala. "Design and Operation of Effective Landfills with Minimal Effects on the Environment and Human Health." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2021 (September 6, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6921607.
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Totaling at 7.4 billion people, the world’s population is rapidly growing, bringing along with it an increase in waste generation. The impact of this exponential increase in waste generation has resulted in the increased formation and utilization of landfills. In the present day, landfills are utilized to dispose of chemical, hazardous, municipal, and electronic wastes. However, despite their convenience, most landfills are improperly managed and face constant changes from the surrounding environment that interfere with their internal landfill processes. The objectives of this mixed review are to highlight the negative impacts landfills have on the environment and public health as well as outline the need for proper management practices to mitigate these effects. Inadequate management of landfills leads to issues concerning leachate collection and landfill gas (LFG) generation, which give rise to groundwater contamination and air pollution. This paper recognizes the disadvantages of utilizing landfills as the main disposal method by focusing on these two primary effects that improper management of landfills has on the environment and human health. Many experts have also reported that communities within close proximity to improperly managed landfills have an increased risk of health issues. Apart from implementing proper landfill management practices, it is important to develop solutions to reduce waste generation altogether. This review discusses some of the innovative methods implemented by other countries to reduce landfill waste and the production of greenhouse gases as well as possible steps individuals can take to minimize their ecological footprints.
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Hodson, E. L., D. Martin, and R. G. Prinn. "The municipal solid waste landfill as a source of ozone-depleting substances in the United States and United Kingdom." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 9, no. 5 (October 27, 2009): 22803–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-9-22803-2009.
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Abstract. This study provides observation-based national estimates of CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-113, and 1,1,1-trichloroethane emissions for the United States (US) and United Kingdom (UK) from municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills. The scarcity of national estimates has lead to the assumption that a significant fraction of the lingering ozone-depleting substance (ODS) emissions, which have been detected in industrialized countries, could be emitted from landfills. Spatial coverage was achieved through sampling at seven landfills in Massachusetts and through data provided by nine UK landfills. Linear least square regressions of recovered ODS vs. CH4 were used in combination with national estimates of landfill CH4 emissions to estimate 2006 national US and UK ODS landfill emissions. The ODS landfill emission estimates were then compared to recent estimates of total US and UK ODS emissions. US ODS landfill emissions were 0.4%–0.9% (0.006–0.09 Gg/year) of total US emissions. UK ODS landfill emission estimates were 1% (0.008 Gg/year) and 6% (0.03 Gg/year) of total UK CFC-11 and CFC-12 emissions, respectively. This indicates that landfills are only a minor source of lingering ODS emissions in the US, but may be more significant for CFC-12 emissions in the UK. The implications are that the majority of current ODS emissions in industrialized countries are likely coming from equipment still in use.
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Hodson, E. L., D. Martin, and R. G. Prinn. "The municipal solid waste landfill as a source of ozone-depleting substances in the United States and United Kingdom." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 10, no. 4 (February 19, 2010): 1899–910. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-1899-2010.
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Abstract. This study provides observation-based national estimates of CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-113, and 1,1,1-trichloroethane emissions for the United States (US) and United Kingdom (UK) from municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills. The scarcity of national estimates has lead to the assumption that a significant fraction of the lingering ozone-depleting substance (ODS) emissions, which have been detected in industrialized countries, could be emitted from landfills. Spatial coverage was achieved through sampling at seven landfills in Massachusetts and through data provided by nine UK landfills. Linear least square regressions of recovered ODS vs. CH4 were used in combination with national estimates of landfill CH4 emissions to estimate 2006 national US and UK ODS landfill emissions. The ODS landfill emission estimates were then compared to recent estimates of total US and UK ODS emissions. US ODS landfill emissions are 0.4%–1% (0.006–0.09 Gg/year) of total US emissions. UK ODS landfill emission estimates are 1% (0.008 Gg/year) and 6% (0.03 Gg/year) of total UK CFC-11 and CFC-12 emissions, respectively. This indicates that landfills are only a minor source of lingering ODS emissions in the US, but may be more significant for CFC-12 emissions in the UK. The implication is that the majority of current ODS emissions in industrialized countries is likely coming from equipment still in use.
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Cerar, Sonja, Luka Serianz, Katja Koren, Joerg Prestor, and Nina Mali. "Synoptic Risk Assessment of Groundwater Contamination from Landfills." Energies 15, no. 14 (July 15, 2022): 5150. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15145150.
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Waste management in Europe has improved in recent years, reducing the amount of waste disposed at landfills. However, there are still many landfills in the countries. It is well known that landfills that do not have measures in place to control leachate entering groundwater can contaminate groundwater long after the landfill is closed. Collecting monitoring results from all landfills allows permitting and management agencies to improve action plans. This relies on a synoptic risk assessment that allows prioritization and milestones to be set for required actions. The developed method of synoptic risk assessment is based on a conceptual model of the landfill and the results of chemical groundwater monitoring tested at 69 landfills in Slovenia. The study confirms that most landfills have a direct or indirect impact on groundwater quality. All landfills were classified into three priority classes on the basis of the synoptic risk assessment. The results show that a total of 24 landfills have a clearly pronounced impact on groundwater. A total of 31 landfills have a less pronounced impact due to the favorable natural attenuation capacity of the soil or the technically appropriate design of the landfill itself. A total of 14 landfills have a less pronounced or negligible impact on groundwater.
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Sembiring, Emenda, and Attar Hikmahtiar Ramadan. "Microplastic pollution from active and inactive landfill in Indonesia: Case study in Leuwigajah and Sarimukti Landfill." E3S Web of Conferences 485 (2024): 05011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202448505011.
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A landfill is the most common waste disposal in Indonesia, yet the implementation and operation of landfills are still far from optimal due to lack of funding and management failure. Moreover, landfill was operated as unmanaged open dumps. This situation could enhance the likelihood of plastics pollution through various transport of plastic waste from landfill sites, including microplastics release from leachate. This study was focused on the evidence of microplastic pollution originating from the landfill. Leachate sampling was conducted at two landfills, an inactive landfill called Leuwigajah Landfill, and an active landfill called Sarimukti Landfill. The characteristics of microplastics were analyzed through visual examination, particle density examination, and polymer investigation utilizing Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). All three samples of active and inactive landfill leachate contains microplastic particles. The concentration ranges from 12.00 ± 5.29 to 56.33 ± 3.06 particles/liter. The most dominant polymers of plastic are Polypropylene (PP) and Polyester. Fiber shape is the highest percentage of founded microplastics. The results show the critical information of landfill likelihood as a source of microplastics.
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Dwipayana, Chrisantus Aristo Wirawan, Setyo Sarwanto Moersidik, and Mochamad Adhiraga Pratama. "Perbandingan Laju Lindi Landfill Kelas I dan II untuk Limbah NORM dari Industri Minyak dan Gas Bumi Menggunakan Model Hydrologic Evaluation of Landfill Performance (HELP)." Reka Buana : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Sipil dan Teknik Kimia 4, no. 2 (June 17, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.33366/rekabuana.v4i2.1306.
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In the process of oil and gas production, it can produce large amounts of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM) with increased radioactivity as by-products. NORM disposal methods currently used in the oil & gas industry are landfills, land-spreading, surface burial, underground injection, off-shore discharge. The biggest threat to groundwater caused by landfills is leachate. This study is a comparison of the leachate rates of Class I and Class II Landfill results using the Hydrologic Evaluation of Landfill Performance (HELP) modeling software developed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). For the operational phase, there were significant differences in leachate rate from the base layer between Class I and Class II landfills. For the phase after closure of waste, Class I and Class II landfills have the same performance in terms of holding back the rate of leachate. ABSTRAKDalam proses produksi minyak dan gas dapat menghasilkan sejumlah besar Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM) dengan konsentrasi radioaktivitas yang meningkat sebagai limbah hasil samping. Metode pembuangan NORM yang saat ini digunakan dalam industri minyak & gas adalah landfill, land-spreading, surface burial, underground injection, off-shore discharge. Ancaman terbesar terhadap air tanah yang ditimbulkan oleh landfill adalah air lindi. Pada penelitian ini akan dilakukan perbandingan laju lindi landfill Kelas I dan Kelas II berdasarkan hasil menggunakan software pemodelan Hydrologic Evaluation of Landfill Performance (HELP) yang dikembangkan oleh United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). Untuk fase operasional ditemukan perbedaan laju lindi dari lapisan dasar yang signifikan antara landfill Kelas I dan Kelas II. Untuk fase setelah penutupan limbah, landfill kelas I dan kelas II memiliki kinerja yang sama dalam hal menahan laju produksi air lindi.Kata kunci : NORM; landfill; lindi; HELP
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Asori, Moses, Emmanuel Dogbey, Anthony Kwame Morgan, Solomon Twum Ampofo, Robert Kwame Jumah Mpobi, and Daniel Katey. "Application of GIS-based multi-criteria decision making analysis (GIS-MCDA) in selecting locations most suitable for siting engineered landfills – the case of Ashanti Region, Ghana." Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 33, no. 3 (February 1, 2022): 800–826. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/meq-07-2021-0159.
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PurposeThe study aimed to use geographic information system (GIS) based multi-criteria decision making analysis (GIS-MCDA) to select areas suitable for siting landfills in Ashanti region. It also sought to ascertain variables most sensitive to the siting of landfill in the region.Design/methodology/approachThis study utilized GIS-based Multi-criteria decision making analysis –AHP to model and select areas most suitable to siting landfills within the region. Overall, 16 variables including wind speed and hydraulic conductivity (which were previously neglected in landfill siting in Ghana) were identified through comprehensive literature review. These variables were weighted using AHP method and integrated using the weighted linear combination (WLC) in GIS environment to develop five sub-models: the physical environmental, sociocultural, economic/technical, climatic and hydrogeological sub-models. These sub-models were further weighted and then integrated to derive the final suitability model.FindingsResults show that 13% (3,067 km2) of the region was identified as most suitable to siting engineered landfills. The study also identified 11 sites which are considered most suitable for situating landfills. On a sensitivity angle, hydrogeological (R2 = 0.5923; p = 0.003) and physical environmental sub-model (R2 = 0.254; p = 0.034) significantly predicted the final suitability model developed.Practical implicationsGhana's Landfill Guidelines seeks to optimize site selection and ancillary services that culminate into achieving sanitary landfills by 2020. Evidence still abounds on the unsuitability of existing and in some cases, new landfill sites presenting environmental and social negative impacts. The comprehensive evaluation of most crucial variables – social and environmental factors that determine an optimal landfill location – will be of immense help to policy planners like the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) towards upgraded landfills. The authors hope that, concerned agencies will adopt the model in the study and integrate into their existing landfill suitability modeling techniques to provide a more grounded framework that optimizes landfill site selection within the study area.Originality/valueThis study is the first attempt to consider a regional-level waste collection site selection in Ghana using comprehensive sets of social and environmental factors and will therefore contribute immensely to EPA's goal of achieving upgraded landfills by 2022.
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Liu, Hailong, Zhen Huyan, Chunyi Cui, Xiang Luo, and Xingyao Jiang. "Evaluation of Leachate Recirculation Effect on the Acceleration of Waste Mineralization Process by Using a Coupled Numerical Model." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (March 3, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8832085.
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Accelerating the waste mineralization is of great significance to control the settlement of transportation facilities nearby landfills. Mineralized waste can also be used as road construction materials to recycle waste resources and reduce the construction cost of transportation facilities. A biochem-hydro-mechanical-solute migration-coupled model for describing complex interactions in landfills with high kitchen waste content has been developed. The proposed model can consider large leachate production and landfill gas entrapment due to the fast degradation of kitchen waste. The quantitative effects of three leachate recirculation conditions are investigated in this article via a typical landfill cell. According to the simulation results, introducing methanogen into landfills with leachate recirculation can relieve acidification caused by fast hydrolysis of kitchen waste and speed up the mineralization process of landfills with high kitchen waste content significantly. Furthermore, landfill gas generation potential loss and fast degradation compression should be considered in the implementation of leachate recirculation in landfills with high kitchen waste content, which helps to maintain the operation of transportation facilities nearby landfills and improve the economic and environmental benefits of leachate treatment.
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Emenike, Chijioke, Patricia Omo-Okoro, Agamuthu Pariatamby, Jayanthi Barasarathi, and Fauziah Shahul Hamid. "Remediation of Leachate-Metal-Contaminated Soil Using Selected Bacterial Consortia." Soil Systems 8, no. 1 (March 13, 2024): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems8010033.
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Approximately 95% of urban solid waste worldwide is disposed of in landfills. About 14 million metric tonnes of this municipal solid waste are disposed of in landfills every year in Malaysia, illustrating the importance of landfills. Landfill leachate is a liquid that is generated when precipitation percolates through waste disposed of in a landfill. High concentrations of heavy metal(loid)s, organic matter that has been dissolved and/or suspended, and inorganic substances, including phosphorus, ammonium, and sulphate, are present in landfill leachate. Globally, there is an urgent need for efficient remediation strategies for leachate-metal-contaminated soils. The present study expatiates on the physicochemical conditions and heavy metal(loid)s’ concentrations present in leachate samples obtained from four landfills in Malaysia, namely, Air Hitam Sanitary Landfill, Jeram Sanitary landfill, Bukit Beruntung landfill, and Taman Beringin Landfill, and explores bioaugmentation for the remediation of leachate-metal-contaminated soil. Leachate samples (replicates) were taken from all four landfills. Heavy metal(loids) in the collected leachate samples were quantified using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The microbial strains used for bioaugmentation were isolated from the soil sample collected from Taman Beringin Landfill. X-ray fluorescence spectrometry was used to analyze heavy metal(loid)s in the soil, prior to the isolation of microbes. The results of the present study show that the treatments inoculated with the isolated bacteria had greater potential for bioremediation than the control experiment. Of the nine isolated microbial strains, the treatment regimen involving only three strains (all Gram-positive bacteria) exhibited the highest removal efficiency for heavy metal(loid)s, as observed from most of the results. With regard to new findings, a significant outcome from the present study is that selectively blended microbial species are more effective in the remediation of leachate-metal-contaminated soil, in comparison to a treatment containing a higher number of microbial species and therefore increased diversity. Although the leachate and soil samples were collected from Malaysia, there is a global appeal for the bioremediation strategy applied in this study.
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Sabrin, Samain, Rouzbeh Nazari, Md Golam Rabbani Fahad, Maryam Karimi, Jess W. Everett, and Robert W. Peters. "Investigating Effects of Landfill Soil Gases on Landfill Elevated Subsurface Temperature." Applied Sciences 10, no. 18 (September 14, 2020): 6401. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10186401.
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Subsurface temperature is a critical indicator for the identification of the risk associated with subsurface fire hazards in landfills. Most operational landfills in the United States (US) have experienced exothermic reactions in their subsurface. The subsurface landfill area is composed of various gases generated from chemical reactions inside the landfills. Federal laws in the US mandate the monitoring of gases in landfills to prevent hazardous events such as landfill fire breakouts. There are insufficient investigations conducted to identify the causes of landfill fire hazards. The objective of this research is to develop a methodological approach to this issue. In this study, the relationship was investigated between the subsurface elevated temperature (SET) and soil gases (i.e., methane, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen, and oxygen) with the greatest influence in landfills. The significance level of the effect of soil gases on the SET was assessed using a decision tree approach. A naïve Bayes technique for conditional probability was implemented to investigate how different gas combinations can affect different temperature ranges with respect to the safe and unsafe states of these gases. The results indicate that methane and carbon dioxide gases are strongly associated with SETs. Among sixteen possible gas combinations, three were identified as the most probable predictors of SETs. A three-step risk assessment framework is proposed to identify the risk of landfill fire incidents. The key findings of this research could be beneficial to landfill authorities and better ensure the safety of the community health and environment.
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Boskovic, Goran, Mladen Josijevic, Nebojsa Jovicic, and Milun Babic. "Co-generation potentials of municipal solid waste landfills in Serbia." Thermal Science 20, no. 4 (2016): 1271–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci150626063b.
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Waste management in the Republic of Serbia is based on landfilling. As a result of such year-long practice, a huge number of municipal waste landfills has been created where landfill gas has been generated. Landfill gas, which is essentially methane (50-55%) and carbon dioxide (40-45%) (both GHGs), has a great environmental impact which can be reduced by using landfill gas in cogeneration plants to produce energy. The aim of this paper is to determine economic and environmental benefits from such energy production. For that purpose, the database of cogeneration potentials (CP) of 51 landfills in the Republic of Serbia (RS) was created. Amount of landfill gas generated at each municipal landfill was calculated by applying a first order decay equation which requires the data about solid waste production and composition and about some landfill characteristics. For all landfills, which have over 100,000 m3 each, a techno-economic analysis about building a CHP plant was conducted. The results have shown, that the total investment in 14 CHP plants with payback period of less than 7 years amounts ? 11,721,288. The total nominal power of these plants is 7 MW of electrical power and 7.9 MW of thermal power, and an average payback period is about 61 months. In addition, using landfill biogas as energy source in proposed plants would reduce methane emission for 161,000 tons of CO2 equivalent per year.
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Nazari, Rouzbeh, Husam Alfergani, Francis Haas, Maryam E. Karimi, Md Golam Rabbani Fahad, Samain Sabrin, Jess Everett, Nidhal Bouaynaya, and Robert W. Peters. "Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Monitoring Elevated Internal Temperatures of Landfills." Applied Sciences 10, no. 19 (September 28, 2020): 6801. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10196801.
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Subsurface fires and smoldering events at landfills can present serious health hazards and threats to the environment. These fires are much more costly and difficult to extinguish than open fires at the landfill surface. The initiation of a subsurface fire may go unnoticed for a long period of time and undetected fires may spread over a large area. Unfortunately, not all landfill operators keep or publish heat elevation data and many landfills are not equipped with a landfill gas extraction system to control subsurface temperatures generated from the chemical reactions within. The timely and cost-effective identification of subsurface fires is an important and pressing issue. In this work, we describe a method for using satellite thermal infrared imagery at a moderate spatial resolution to identify the locations of subsurface fires and monitor their migration within landfills. The focus of this study was the Bridgeton Sanitary Landfill in Bridgeton, MO, USA where a subsurface fire was first identified in 2010 and continues to burn today. Observations from Landsat satellites over the last seventeen years were examined for surface temperature anomalies (or hot spots) that may be associated with subsurface fires. The results showed that the locations of hot spots identified in satellite imagery match the known locations of the subsurface fires. Changes in the hot-spot locations with time, as determined by in situ measurements, correspond to the spreading routes of the subsurface fires. These results indicate that the proposed approach based on satellite observations can be used as a tool for the identification of landfill subsurface fires by landfill owners/operators to monitor landfills and minimize the expenses associated with extinguishing landfill fires.
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Fan, Jing Jing. "Influence of Compact Clay Layer on the Seepage Performance of the Municipal Solid Waste Landfills." Advanced Materials Research 908 (March 2014): 503–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.908.503.
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The pollutants in the municipal solid waste landfill leachate result in severe damage to the environment of the groundwater and the soil beneath the municipal solid waste landfill. The liner systems with a low leakage performance are commonlly adopted under the municipal solid waste landfills to stop the contaminants of the leachate from polluting the environment. Even there are the rigorous demands in related specifications for the design of the liner system in the landfill. Pollution of the groundwater and the soil beneath the landfill still occurred in a large number of rubbish landfills because of the seepage. To investigate the influence of the compact clay layer (CCL) on the seepage performance of the liner systems, parametric analyses are conducted to study the influence of the thickness of CCL and the hydraulic conductivity of CCL on the leakage performance of the liner system. In conclusion, some suggestions for the design of the municipal solid waste landfills are proposed based on the analyses results.
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Spigolon, Luciana MG, Mariana Giannotti, Ana P. Larocca, Mario AT Russo, and Natália da C. Souza. "Landfill siting based on optimisation, multiple decision analysis, and geographic information system analyses." Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 36, no. 7 (June 20, 2018): 606–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x18773538.
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Sanitary landfill remains the most common methodology for final treatment and disposal of municipal solid waste worldwide, the cost per tonne depends on its scale. The bigger the landfill, the cheaper the cost of treatment, so the consortium of municipalities is the solution to achieve an economic scale. However, the growth of waste production introduces pressure for adequate solutions and therefore has been increasing sanitary landfill site selection studies. This study proposes a methodology for siting sanitary landfills and optimising the transport of municipal solid waste for a locality in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Environmental, social, and economic criteria were established. Their correlated attributes were categorised into suitability levels and weighted according to multiple decision analysis. The data were organised and mapped within a geographic information system. Considering sites where landfills are prohibited, two scenarios were generated. The Mixed-Integer Quadratic Programming mathematical model is used to minimise the costs of transporting municipal solid waste and operating sanitary landfills. In Scenario 1, the results indicated that 64% of the area was suitable as a potential sanitary landfill site, 9% of the area exhibited medium suitability, and 27% of the area was classified as restricted. In Scenario 2, the results indicated that 25% of the area was suitable as a potential sanitary landfill site, 4% of the area had medium suitability, and 71% of the area was classified as restricted. The optimal solutions for Scenario 1 and Scenario 2 enabled sites to be determined for five landfills and four landfills, respectively.
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Garelina, S. A., M. V. Glybokov, K. P. Latyshenko, and A. I. Mazanik. "Environmental Risk and Optimal Operation Time of the Solid Municipal Waste Landfills." Occupational Safety in Industry, no. 6 (June 2022): 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2022-6-20-26.
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The article solves the problem of assessing duration of the functioning of municipal solid waste landfills based on the environmental risk management. To assess the environmental risk, an approach is applied based on the use of two methods, which are based on: the possibility of obtaining a functional dependence of the environmental risk of a landfill on the rate of its filling; a probabilistic estimate of the costs required to eliminate the possible consequences of the operation of landfills, formed taking into account the data used in accounting. Analytical expressions were obtained to estimate the optimal operating time of the landfills, their environmental risk, funds means for protecting the environment and compensation for damage depending on their area, as well as the dependence of the total costs on investing in the environmental protection relative to profitability. For calculations, data on potential costs and values of landfill areas were used on the example of officially registered landfills of municipal solid waste in Moscow region. Application of the proposed approach allows to predict the optimal environmental risk for a municipal solid waste landfill, while its value is significantly lower than the environmental risk of similar operating landfills in Moscow region. In the presence of a given time of functioning of the landfill for municipal solid waste, the application of the developed approach makes it possible to predict the costs required for its maintenance.
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Nozhevnikova, A., M. Glagolev, V. Nekrasova, J. Einola, K. Sormunen, and J. Rintala. "The analysis of methods for measurement of methane oxidation in landfills." Water Science and Technology 48, no. 4 (August 1, 2003): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0218.
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Landfills and dumps are important sources of atmospheric methane. There is no generally accepted estimate of the influence of methane oxidation on landfill methane emissions. The present work aimed to analyse different methods for the investigation of methane emission and oxidation in methane-producing environments (wetlands, landfills, sludge checks), and to develop the precise procedure for the landfills. The combination of geochemical and microbiological methods to estimate and monitor the oxidation and emission of methane in landfills during different seasons is proposed. It includes the measurements, both on the surface and at different depths (up to 1 m) of landfill ground of the following parameters: (1) concentrations of methane, carbon dioxide and oxygen; (2) quantity of 13C isotope in gas samples; (3) methane-oxidation activity of landfill grounds assayed with two different methods: (a) in conditions of no moisture or substrate limitations, and (b) in conditions with a minimal deviation to in situ conditions; (4) the density of methanotrophic microbial population.
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Frikha, Youssef, Johann Fellner, and Moncef Zairi. "Leachate generation from landfill in a semi-arid climate: A qualitative and quantitative study from Sousse, Tunisia." Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 35, no. 9 (July 7, 2017): 940–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x17715102.
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Despite initiatives for enhanced recycling and waste utilization, landfill still represents the dominant disposal path for municipal solid waste (MSW). The environmental impacts of landfills depend on several factors, including waste composition, technical barriers, landfill operation and climatic conditions. A profound evaluation of all factors and their impact is necessary in order to evaluate the environmental hazards emanating from landfills. The present paper investigates a sanitary landfill located in a semi-arid climate (Tunisia) and highlights major differences in quantitative and qualitative leachate characteristics compared to landfills situated in moderate climates. Besides the qualitative analysis of leachate samples, a quantitative analysis including the simulation of leachate generation (using the HELP model) has been conducted. The results of the analysis indicate a high load of salts (Cl, Na, inorganic nitrogen) in the leachate compared to other landfills. Furthermore the simulations with HELP model highlight that a major part of the leachate generated originates form the water content of waste.
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Kim, Jeong Hun, Jung Hyun Yun, Jae Kuk Lee, Min Young Kim, Soo Geun Lee, and Hyo Jeong Kim. "The Analysis on Environmental Effects of Harmful Gases Contained in the Waste Landfills Soil." Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis 18, no. 2 (February 28, 2022): 85–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.14251/crisisonomy.2022.18.2.85.
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In this study, we focused on the evaluation of environmental effects by harmful gases derived from waste landfills soil. Places were selected to total three areas by the criteria for permitting access on fields. Concretely they are a waste landfill at Mokcheon, and waste mountains at Jincheon and Byeongcheon. Mokcheon's waste landfill contain several vertical wells, and then the center of determination was selected to the oldest landfill spot, also the distance of determination was set up 0 ~ 400m(100m spaced). The center of determination at waste mountains was selected to the highest load spot, setting up the distance of determination 0 ~ 600m(150m spaced). Experiments were conducted to measure harmful gases concentration by the distance from center using Gastec and multi-gas monitors. In case of a waste landfill, CO and HCHO concentration were increased to 2.2 times at the nearby 300m from the center. And also, in case of waste mountains, the concentration of CO and HCHO increased dramatically at the point of inflection than a waste landfill. Therefore, environmental effects of waste landfills were conducted from the quantitative analysis, and then we would bring to senses for harmful gases contained in waste landfills soil.
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Lv, Da, Xin Xin Zhang, and Ming Deng. "The Landscape Ecological Reconstruction Design of Urban Landfill." Advanced Materials Research 610-613 (December 2012): 1305–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.610-613.1305.
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Landfills are unique urban waste landfill type, formed under the severe negative influence of human disturbance, with seriously degradation in ecosystem structure and function. This review analyzes the landfills’ impact on the environment and landscape potential, by utilizing the change of land ecosystem to recover the landfill ecological balance, and coordination of construction and surrounding landscape in order to realize the reconstruction of landscape ecological.
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Sabre, M., John Cairns, Karen D. Holl, and Robert E. Lyons. "Potential Use of Wildflower Species for Landfill Restoration in Southwestern Virginia." HortTechnology 7, no. 4 (October 1997): 383–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.7.4.383.
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Landfills are subject to public scrutiny because of potential environmental hazards, low aesthetic value, and rising costs of regulations governing landfill operation. In southwestern Virginia, landfill operators commonly seed landfills with nonnative perennial forbs and grasses. Our goal was to determine if wildflowers were a feasible alternative to the standard revegetation mixture. A standard landfill revegetation mixture and a wildflower mixture were sown at a landfill in Spring 1993 and were evaluated after one growing season. The number of species established in the wildflower mixture subplots was greater than in the standard mixture subplots, whereas cover of the two mixtures did not differ significantly. Rudbeckia hirta, Coreopsis lanceolata, Coreopsis tinctoria, and Hesperis matronalis thrived. Lespedeza cuneata was a confounding factor in determining cover estimates. Results of our study suggest that several native and naturalized species have potential for landfill restoration.
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Angmo, Sonam, and Shachi Shah. "Impact of Okhla, Bhalswa and Ghazipur Municipal Waste Dumpsites (Landfill) on Groundwater Quality in Delhi." Current World Environment 16, no. 1 (April 28, 2021): 210–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.16.1.21.
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Rapid urbanization, increasing prosperity, economic development coupled with changing lifestyle has produced a tremendous generation of waste in huge quantity. The dumping of this huge quantity of partially segregated waste has become a public health and environmental concern. According to an estimate, more than 9500 tons per day (TPD) of MSW (Municipal solid waste) is generated in Delhi and about 60% of waste is transported to these three-active landfills in order of maximum in Bhalswa followed by Ghazipur and Okhla landfill sites which are non-scientific landfill and less than 40% were transported to composting plant and waste to energy plant. These waste dump sites have finished their commissioned date and crossed the permissible height and come under matured landfill (old). Dumping of unsegregated waste in these landfills contribute long-term threat to groundwater as various parameter such as inorganic, organic and heavy metal liberate from leachate of unsegregated solid waste and concentration varies with season. Soil contamination, air pollution and various other environmental, health and social impacts in the vicinity of these landfills are found to be connected with uncontrolled dumping of waste. The study reported that, till date in Delhi, there is no single landfill which is controlled and provides with baseliner or proper cover. All three active landfill still received solid waste beyond their capacity without any attention to waste segregation. Impact of landfill leachate on groundwater revealed by presences of high concentration of various parameters like Chloride, Nitrate, Sulphate, Ammonium, Phenol, Iron, Zinc and Chemical oxygen demand in assessed which showed that quality of groundwater is significantly affected by the percolation of landfill leachate. The main problem of the landfill is the generation of toxic leachate and gases which finally end their life in groundwater and environment and ultimately reach to human and damage aquatic life present in water. On the other hand emission of greenhouse gases lead to the risk of fire and also cause global warming. Presently NGT had warned officer of these three landfills of Delhi to remediate landfill. There is an urgent need of leachate collection system and treatment facilities and gas trapping technologies at this landfill for energy generation and to protect the contamination of groundwater.
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Matasovic, Neven, Edward Kavazanjian, and Robert L. Anderson. "Performance of Solid Waste Landfills in Earthquakes." Earthquake Spectra 14, no. 2 (May 1998): 319–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1586003.
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Interpretation and analysis of observational data on the performance of solid waste landfills during earthquakes is the most reliable source of information on the seismic response of solid waste landfills. The data from several major California earthquakes indicate that the general performance of landfills during earthquakes is from good to excellent. None of the landfills on which observational data is available experienced major earthquake-induced damage. Recorded strong ground motion data indicate that amplification of both peak and spectral accelerations can occur at the top of a landfill. This, combined with the fact that only a limited number of landfills with geosynthetic liners and no landfill with a geosynthetic cover have been subjected to strong ground motions, indicate that attention to detail is warranted in the design of modern, geosynthetic-lined and/or covered landfills in areas of high seismicity.
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Zhang, Shuai, Yunhong Lv, Haiben Yang, Yingyue Han, Jingyu Peng, Jiwu Lan, Liangtong Zhan, Yunmin Chen, and Bate Bate. "Monitoring and Quantitative Human Risk Assessment of Municipal Solid Waste Landfill Using Integrated Satellite–UAV–Ground Survey Approach." Remote Sensing 13, no. 22 (November 9, 2021): 4496. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13224496.
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Landfills are the dominant method of municipal solid waste (MSW) disposal in many developing countries, which are extremely susceptible to failure under circumstances of high pore water pressure and insufficient compaction. Catastrophic landfill failures have occurred worldwide, causing large numbers of fatalities. Tianziling landfill, one of the largest engineered sanitary landfills in China, has experienced massive deformation since January 2020, making early identification and monitoring of great significance for the purpose of risk management. The human risk posed by potential landfill failures also needs to be quantitatively evaluated. The interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) technique, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry, and ground measurements were combined to obtain landfill deformation data in this study. The integrated satellite–UAV–ground survey (ISUGS) approach ensures a comprehensive understanding of landfill deformation and evolution. The deformation characteristics obtained using the InSAR technique and UAV photogrammetry were analyzed and compared. A close relationship between the most severe mobility events, precipitation episodes, and was observed. Based on early hazard identification using ISUGS, a quantitative risk assessment (QRA) method and F-N curves were proposed, which can be applied to landfills. The comparison showed that ISUGS allowed a better understanding of the spatial and temporal evolution of the landfill and more accurate QRA results, which could be as references for local governments to take effective precautions.
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Mousavi, Seyed Mohsen, Golnaz Darvishi, Naghmeh Mobarghaee Dinan, and Seyed Amir Naghibi. "Optimal Landfill Site Selection for Solid Waste of Three Municipalities Based on Boolean and Fuzzy Methods: A Case Study in Kermanshah Province, Iran." Land 11, no. 10 (October 13, 2022): 1779. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11101779.
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In recent decades, population increase and urban development have led to catastrophic environmental consequences. One of the principal objectives to achieve “sustainable development” is to find suitable landfills. Due to their physical characteristics, which have led to a lack of landfill sites and closeness to water bodies, agricultural fields, and residential areas, the cities of Javanrood, Paveh, and Ravansar were chosen as the necessary research regions. On the other hand, these landfills are unable to accommodate the growing urban population. Therefore, this study attempts to develop a framework for spotting the most suitable sites for landfill construction with these three cities as case studies. For this, 10 important driving factors (9 factors and 1 constraint) in landfill site selection were generated. Second, for the fuzzy membership function, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method was employed for the standardization of criteria and determining the weight of the driving factors. Then, the Boolean, weighted linear combination (WLC) and ordered weighted average (OWA) methods were utilized to spot optimal sites for landfills. Finally, two suitable sites were found for landfills: site (a) was obtained from the WLC, and site (b) was obtained from OWA-low risk some trade-off (LRST) methods. Our results proved the high efficiency of multi-criteria decision-making methodology for landfill site selection.
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Mousavi, M. Sina, Yuan Feng, Josh McCann, and Jongwan Eun. "In Situ Characterization of Municipal Solid Waste Using Membrane Interface Probe (MIP) and Hydraulic Profiling Tool (HPT) in an Active and Closed Landfill." Infrastructures 6, no. 3 (March 1, 2021): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures6030033.
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Municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills near a metropolitan area are renewable energy resources to produce heat and methane that can generate electricity. However, it is difficult to use those sources productively because disposed MSW in landfills are spatially and temporally heterogeneous. Regarding the prediction of the sources, the analysis of in situ MSW properties is an alternative way to reduce the uncertainty and to understand complex processes undergoing in the landfill effectively. A hydraulic profiling tool (HPT) and membrane interface probe (MIP) test measures the continuous profile of MSW properties with depth, including hydraulic pressure, temperature, electrical conductivity (EC), and the relative concentration of methane at the field. In this study, we conducted a series of the tests to investigate the MSW characteristics of active and closed landfills. MIP results showed that the methane existed closer to right below the top cover in the active landfill and several peak concentrations at different layers of the closed landfill. As the depth and age of the waste increased, the hydraulic pressure increased for both landfills. The average EC results showed that the electrical conductivity decreased with the landfill age. The results of hydraulic properties, temperature, and EC obtained from active and closed sites could be used to estimate the waste age and help designing energy recovery systems.
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Bertani Dall'Agnol, Ana Luiza, Mateus Torres Nazari, Carolina Faccio Demarco, Thays França Afonso, Cassia Brocca Caballero, Louise Hoss, Diuliana Leandro, Robson Andreazza, and Maurizio Silveira Quadro. "Selection of suitable areas for landfill installation in a Brazilian municipality through free software spatial analysis." Ciência e Natura 41 (November 14, 2019): e51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2179460x39495.
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Municipal solid waste (MSW) increasing generation is related to population growth and higher consumption patterns. MSW management is still considered an issue for Brazilian municipalities due to its high complexity, specificity and amount. Landfills are considered a suitable method for final disposal of solid waste, being the technique used in Brazil. Among numerous applications, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have been widely applied to select sites for landfills implementation. To meet regulatory requirements, choosing a landfill site requires several studies that consume time and resources. The aim of this work was to identify, through the use of GIS, areas that met regulatory and normative standards to landfill installation in a medium sized Brazilian city. It was possible to select three appropriate areas for the location of a landfill in the studied municipality. Considering the need for municipalities to comply with legislation, which demands the elimination of waste disposal in dumps and controlled landfills, properly designed and localized landfills are essential to the Brazilian reality in terms of MSW integrated management. The GIS is evidenced as an effective tool, since it reduces the number of field surveys, optimizing time and reducing economic and human resources needs for the landfill project preparation phase
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Meegoda, Jay N., Ameenah Soliman, Patrick A. Hettiaratchi, and Michael Agbakpe. "Resource Mining for a Bioreactor Landfill." Current Environmental Engineering 6, no. 1 (March 27, 2019): 17–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2212717805666181031122517.
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Background: A new generation of the sustainable landfill is designed to achieve sustainable Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) management. It is hybrid anaerobic/aerobic biodegradation landfill followed by landfill mining. However, there is limited information on landfill mining, especially the criteria and process for the practitioner to determine the end of the landfill biodegradation to commence landfill mining. Objective: Hence the overall objective of this research was to develop a comprehensive resource mining plan for bioreactor landfills. </P><P> Method: When waste decomposition becomes slower or stopped, the landfill can be mined to recover resources and utilize the recovered space. The amount of the gas generated, landfill temperature and landfill settlement are indirect measures of landfill activity. Also, the concentration of cellulose (C), hemicelluloses (H), and lignin (L) can describe the biodegradable fractions of waste. Hence the biodegradation in landfills can be monitored by recording the change in methane production, temperature, settlement and the (C+H)/L ratio of waste. Once methane recovery is minimal, landfill reaches a maximum settlement and, ambient temperature plus the (C+H)/L value reaches a stable value of 0.25 indicating end of biodegradation. At this point landfill resources including compost material, non-recoverable waste, and recyclables such as plastics, metal and glass can be mined and recovered. Compost and recyclables can be sold at market value and the non-recovered waste with high energy content can be used as refuse-derived fuel. Once the landfill has been mined space can be reused thus eliminating the need to allocate valuable land for new landfills. </P><P> Result: The landfill mining detailed in this manuscript utilizes principles from single stream type recycling facilities to ensure feasibility. The first landfill will be excavated and screened to separate the biodegraded soil and compost fraction from the recyclables. Then the screened recyclable materials are transported for further processing in a single stream type separation facility where they will be separated, bundled and sold. Conclusion: A cost calculation was performed for the resource mining of Calgary Biocell and if the mined resources are sold at market values, then the mining of Calgary Biocell would generate approximately $4M.
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Tengku Izhar, Tengku Nuraiti, Zaity Syazwani Mohd Odli, Irnis Azura Zakarya, Farah Naemah Mohd Saad, Norlia Mohamad Ibrahim, Roshazita Che Amat, and Tan Ley Binn. "A Study on Hydrogen Sulphide as Potential Tracer in Landfill Gas Monitoring." Advanced Materials Research 684 (April 2013): 189–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.684.189.
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Municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills are one of the major source of hydrogen sulphide (H2S) which is the offensive odours potentially creating annoyance in adjacent communities. This project focuses on H2S emission from landfills in Perlis, Malaysia. Landfill gas (LFG) samples were collected and analyzed accordance with NIOSH method 6013. The mean concentrations of H2S in Kuala Perlis Landfill and Padang Siding Landfill are 210.68 ppm and 242.85 ppm respectively. High concentrations of H2S may be a concern for employees working on the landfill site. These results indicate that workers should use proper personal protection at landfill when involved in excavation, landfill gas collection, and refuse compaction. The formation of H2S most likely to be contributed by the biological conversion of sulfate from gypsum-rich soils and landfill wastewater treatment sludges by sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) which can utilize dissolved sulfate as an electron acceptor. H2S is conveniently detected by hand held analyzer, such Jerome meter, landfill gas analyzer. In the organic range, in the ease of detection range in the dispersion rate within the landfill site, the monitored H2S gas form a very noticeable concentration with the travelling wind direction. It proved that the dispersion rate of H2S are suitable as tracer to detect route of travelling in a certain distance.
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Wahyono, Sri. "ANALISIS DAMPAK PENGGEMBALAAN SAPI DI TPA (Studi Kasus di TPA Piyungan – Yogjakarta." Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan 11, no. 2 (December 2, 2016): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.29122/jtl.v11i2.1214.
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The end of municipal solid waste operations is landfill. Almost all of the Indonesia city’s landfills use the open dumping system. Generally, wastes dumped in the landfill are dominated by organic materials that potentially used for cow feeding. So that, in some landfills there are cow pasturing with the low cost operation related to the free feeding materials. According to UU No 18/2008, in the year of 2013 open dumping landfill is prohibited operate changed by sanitary landfill. Related to this change, the cow pasturingin landfill will be affected. So that the cow pasturing in landfill need to be assessed in the aspect of waste reduction, economic values, landfill operation, social conflict, and safety cow meat. The goals of this study are assessing positive and negative impacts from cow pasturing in the Piyungan Landfill, Yogjakarta. Research methods used are references study, interview, counting the cow and direct investigation of landfill operation. This study concluded that cow pasturing in landfill has positive impacts for waste reductionand increasing economic level of people live in surrounds of landfill. Unfortunately, the cow pasturing has also negative impact such as disturbing daily landfill operation, high potent social conflict during landfill rehabilitation, and high content of some heavy metals in the cow organ. Based on those impacts, the policy of the cow pasturing has to be reviewed because of the importance of sanitary landfill operation in the near future andthe issue of safely consuming meat free from heavy metals.Key Words: landfill, waste, cow pasturing
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Sholokhova, Anastasiia, Gintaras Denafas, Justinas Ceponkus, and Tetiana Omelianenko. "Microplastics in Landfill Bodies: Abundance, Spatial Distribution and Effect of Landfill Age." Sustainability 15, no. 6 (March 12, 2023): 5017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15065017.
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Almost a quarter of the plastic produced in Europe still ends up in landfills. In addition to the loss of valuable resources, this leads to the generation and accumulation of microplastics in landfills. The microplastics abundance in the refuse and their spatial distribution in the landfill body have not been practically studied. In the current work, changes in the abundance and characteristics of microplastics in landfill refuse from 3 age sections of the Lapės regional landfill, Lithuania, to a depth of 10–20 m were studied. A microplastics abundance of up to 55 particles/g or 52.8 g/kg was found. The lowest microplastics abundance was found in the old section, while the highest in the young (numerical) and the middle-aged (mass) sections. Moreover, microplastics abundance increased with the age of landfilled waste and depth, which may reflect the fragmentation of microplastics and their transport. Polyethylene and polypropylene were the dominant polymer types in all sections, while films were the dominant shape. The carbonyl index of PE microplastics was calculated to monitor microplastics oxidation. The analysis showed an increase of carbonyl index with landfill depth and landfill age, proving the intensive degradation of microplastics. Thus, landfills are large reservoirs of microplastics and their potential sources.
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Olaguer, Eduardo P., Shelley Jeltema, Thomas Gauthier, Dustin Jermalowicz, Arthur Ostaszewski, Stuart Batterman, Tian Xia, et al. "Landfill Emissions of Methane Inferred from Unmanned Aerial Vehicle and Mobile Ground Measurements." Atmosphere 13, no. 6 (June 18, 2022): 983. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13060983.
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Municipal solid waste landfills are significant sources of atmospheric methane, the second most important greenhouse gas after carbon dioxide. Large emissions of methane from landfills contribute not only to global climate change, but also to local ozone formation due to the enhancement of radical chain lengths in atmospheric reactions of volatile organic compounds and nitrogen oxides. Several advanced techniques were deployed to measure methane emissions from two landfills in the Southeast Michigan ozone nonattainment area during the Michigan–Ontario Ozone Source Experiment (MOOSE). These techniques included mobile infrared cavity ringdown spectrometry, drone-mounted meteorological sensors and tunable diode laser spectrometry, estimation of total landfill emissions of methane based on flux plane measurements, and Gaussian plume inverse modeling of distributed methane emissions in the presence of complex landfill terrain. The total methane emissions measured at the two landfills were of the order of 500 kg/h, with an uncertainty of around 50%. The results indicate that both landfill active faces and leaking gas collection systems are important sources of methane emissions.
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Sheng, Hui, Yinbang Ren, Man Huang, Zhenying Zhang, and Jiwu Lan. "Vertical Expansion Stability of an Existing Landfill: A Case Study of a Landfill in Xi’an, China." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (July 7, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5574238.
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The vertical expansion of existing landfills can hold significant amounts of domestic waste and solve practical difficulties such as local government site selection. This research topic has become increasingly popular in the field of environmental geotechnical engineering. This study examined vertical expansion stability of landfills considering high leachate water level. The results showed the following. (1) Four slope instability modes for landfill vertical expansion are categorized according to the following slip surface positions: shallow slippage of the existing landfill, shallow slippage of the expanding landfill, interface slip between the existing landfill and expanding landfill, and deep slippage passes through the foundation soil. (2) The factor of safety decreases as the height of leachate level increases. When the height of leachate level rises from 2 m to 20 m, the factor of safety of the landfill is reduced by 13.2–15.4%. (3) As the vertical expansion height increases, the factor of safety of the existing landfill decreases, and when the expansion height increases to 30 m, the stability factor of safety of the old waste landfill is reduced by 4.83%. A landfill in Xi’an is considered as an example for the analysis, which shows that a leachate drainage layer can discharge leachate from the landfill body efficiently, reduce the leachate level height of the landfill body, and improve the stability of vertical expansion of the landfill. This study and its findings can be used as a reference for similar expansion projects.