Dissertations / Theses: 'Landill'

1

Knotts, Amy Margaret. "A Landfill Reclamation Project: an Observatory that Observes the Self." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36270.

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"Transparency- the ability to see into and understand the inner workings of a landscape- is an absolutely essential ingredient to sustainability" -Robert Thayer from "Green World, Green Heart" Current land filling practices that bury waste and debris below layers of earth and synthetic caps do not take into account the potential of reclamation of the site after the landfill debris has become stable. As development and consumerism increases, the need for land reclamation grows stronger, as earth will succumb to overabundance of human excessiveness. Can a space be created that not only reclaims land, but also exposes what is hidden- in order to educate the public on the importance of recycling and sustainability? Is it possible to design a space that addresses the issues and culture of the past, present and future, particular to a geographic site? Can landscape architects use landscape as an educational medium for self-discovery?
Master of Landscape Architecture

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2

Marcoux, Marie-Amélie. "Optimisation des performances hydro-bio-mécaniques d'une installation de stockage de déchets non dangereux exploitée en mode bioréacteur : étude à l'échelle du site." Grenoble 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008GRE10123.

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Deux thématiques principales ont été développées dans cette thèse : l’optimisation de la mise en place des déchets pour un meilleur démarrage de la biodégradation et l’optimisation de l’injection de lixiviats. Pour cela, deux zones expérimentales en conditions de stockage réelles ont été instrumentées ; la modélisation et des expériences en laboratoire ont également contribué à la compréhension des phénomènes en jeu. Concernant l’optimisation de la mise en place des déchets, neuf mini-casiers de 1700 m3 ont été remplis selon des modalités de broyage, compactage et d’épaisseur de couches différentes. L’instrumentation mise en place a permis de suivre qualitativement le démarrage de la méthanogenèse, et notamment de distinguer certaines phases du processus de biodégradation et d’évaluer l’impact relatif des différentes modalités de placement. Ainsi, les trois modalités testées semblent intéressantes pour améliorer les conditions de stockage du déchet. Un suivi sur le plus long terme permettrait de confirmer ces tendances. L’étude d’optimisation de la recirculation a été réalisée à l’échelle d’un casier d’ISDND. Le système d’injection testé est un réseau de bassins drainant enterrés. L’instrumentation mise en place ainsi qu’une modélisation des écoulements, ont permis d’en évaluer le fonctionnement. Alors que le type de matériau drainant utilisé n’influence pas les performances de ces systèmes, les propriétés du déchet directement sous-jacent semblent régir les écoulements. Une diminution des performances au fur et à mesure des injections met en évidence un potentiel colmatage des systèmes ou une diminution de la perméabilité du déchet sous-jacent
Two ways of optimizing waste biodegradation in a bioreactor landfill have been studied: how to set-up the waste so that the kinetic of biodegradation is increased, and how to inject leachate. To achieve this, two full-scale experimental areas have been instrumented; modelling and laboratory work enable to better understand the occurring phenomena. To study the impact of waste placement, nine test cells of 1700 m3 were filled with different procedures (compaction, shredding and lift thickness). The instrumentation allowed to follow qualitatively the onset of methanogenesis, and to distinguish some steps of the biodegradation process consequently to determine the relative influence of the different placement procedures. The three tested procedures appeared to be interesting on the short term. Follow up of the project on a longer term will enable to check this tendency. The study regarding waste injection optimization has been realized on a full-scale landfill cell. The injection system implemented is a network of buried injection pads, filled with a drainage material. Whereas the type of filling material does not influence the injection system performances, underlying waste properties seem to rule leachate fluxes. A reduction of the performances with repeated injections unlighted a potential clogging of the injection systems or a decrease of the underlying waste permeability

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3

Kam, Chung-hau Brian. "A comparison & contrast of Hong Kong and overseas practices in landfill gas management." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19945589.

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4

Nastev, Miroslav. "Modeling landfill gas generation and migration in sanitary landfills and geological formations." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0005/NQ39379.pdf.

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5

Roberts, H. A. "Landfills or dump sites? Status of landfill sites in the Free State Province, South Africa." Interim : Interdisciplinary Journal, Vol 13, Issue 2: Central University of Technology Free State Bloemfontein, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/295.

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Published Articles
Increased waste generation and poor waste disposal strategies are a global problem. In South Africa most provinces, and the larger municipalities and metros, seems to have the waste disposal and the landfills reasonably organized. This cannot be said of the landfills in the Free State Province, which could only be called dump sites. In the Free State Province a high unemployment level exists and a lack of finances is experienced by many members of the communities, especially in rural areas. Poverty levels is shown in a study by Adventist Development and Relief Agency (ADRA SA), where it was recorded that 1.8 million (68%) of the people in the Free State Province are living in poverty and living on less than R15 per day. Data on the state of the landfill, types of waste generated which have potential to be recycled, were recorded to assess if recycling could be increased to relieve the economic burden of the poor communities. Attention was paid to the following aspects: assessing the current status of each landfill and identifying the types of waste generated in the area which ended up at the landfills. The extent of recycling and the waste handling and disposal of the waste were recorded. Non-compliance with the prescribed legislative guidelines were noted and aspects such as the state of the landfills, proper enclosure, burning of waste, recycling and products being recycled were identified and recorded. The waste disposal practices at most landfills were poor and very limited recycling was taking place. None of the landfills in the province complied with the minimum requirements for landfilling. Recommendations to improve waste disposal and identification of products with recycling potential were made. Alternative waste strategies which could be economically beneficial for the communities were recommended

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6

Hon, Siu-ming. "Ultimate form of recycling : integrated landfill management: leachate recirculation, landfill gas utilization and landfill mining : are they applicable to Hong Kong? /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B14709272.

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7

Wadanambi, Lakmini Geethika. "Issues surrounding heavy metals in landfills lead-based paint leaching and concentrations in Florida landfill leachates /." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0003303.

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8

Maurice, Christian. "Landfill gas emission and landfill vegetation." Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik, 1998. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-17271.

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9

Bailey, Douglas C. "Geology and evaluation of potential for contamination of the vicinity of the Metropolitan Landfill, Liberty Township, Delaware County, Indiana using earth resistivity as guidance." Virtual Press, 1987. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/505650.

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The area immediately surrounding a landfill was studied by DC resistivity methods, soil borings, and review of historical data bases to learn if the landfill had released leachate to the ground water and to define the geology and hydrogeology of the site. Property immediately adjacent to the landfill has been proposed as a new landfill site. The geology and hydrogeology of this site were investigated to provide supplemental data for use in planning and operating the new landfill.Although no contaminant plumes were located by resistivity methods, the range in measured resistivity values proved to be sufficiently large to possibly mask existing leachate migration from the landfill. Using the resistivity data base generated through this effort, future resistivity surveys at this site may identify changes indicating contaminant plume formation or migration.Zones of shallow sand and gravel were found (by resistivity methods) to be present at locations that appear to correlate with slightly higher topography and soil type MuB2. This information led to the location and confirmation of other shallow permeable zones in the glacial drift with the same common attributes (soil type MuB2, higher topography and 5 to 15 feet deep sand and gravel). These shallow permeable zones had been omitted from the ground-water monitoring systems for both the Metropolitan Landfill and the proposed Delaware County Landfill. The results of this study were used as the basis for recommendations presented to the local board of health and the state regarding the need for additional ground-water monitoring at the two sites and the suggested locations for such.

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10

Tanha, Ariana, and Daniel Zarate. "Landfill Mining: Prospecting metal in Gärstad landfill." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Industriell miljöteknik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-86427.

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All processes in society produce waste. In nature, the waste is normally used as a resource for another process, but in human societies waste is often discarded. These discarded materials end up in places for depositing waste known as landfills. The increase in population, and humans’ tendency to improve their quality of life, has led to an increase in consumption of material. More material consumption means generating more waste, and more waste means bigger landfills. The increasing size of landfills has brought some other issues, such as increased land use and higher environmental impact. However in these landfills a lot of valuable materials are discarded and the concept of landfill mining (LFM) has been proposed in order to solve these issues and use landfills as a possible source of materials. Landfill mining is not yet a common practice, and the first barrier for this is the uncertainty of the amount and value of materials within landfills. The purpose of this study is to prospect the amount of metals in one specific landfill, in this case Gärstad landfill in Linköping, Sweden. This is a first step to show the feasibility of landfill mining as an alternative way of extracting materials. The study is limited only to metals because they are one of the most important resources in today’s society. The theoretical background of the study is based on material flow analysis (MFA). Two approaches are used to study the materials in the landfill. The first is top-down which studies the flows of materials and the second is bottom-up which studies the stocks of material in the landfill. Based on these approaches the method was developed. First the system boundaries in time and space were defined. Then the amount of waste in landfill was estimated from the two mentioned approaches. In the end the metal content of the waste was estimated. Some criteria are also defined to compare the accessibility of the metals in the landfill. The results of this study show that there is a considerable amount of metals in the landfill, and that ash deposits resulting from incineration are the most interesting source of metals; with iron, aluminium, copper and zinc being the most abundant. The results are presented by type of waste, area of the landfill and accessibility in order to identify the hotspots. Later it is discussed that the method is cheap and fast but highly depends on previous data and available information. Also the metal content of the landfill is compared with natural ores. In the end the metal content of the landfill is evaluated and estimated to be around 3 billion SEK. It shows that aluminium, titanium and copper have the highest value money wise. As conclusion it was shown material flow analysis is a valid way to prospect landfills. But further cost-benefit analysis must be carried out to determine if landfill mining is justifiable. Also some recommendations are proposed to Tekniska Verken in order to facilitate future studies. The first is to develop a systematic way for landfilling different kind of waste and document them. Second is to include metals which have economic potential in the regular sampling from landfill.
Många processer i samhället generar avfall. I naturen används avfallet normalt som en resurs i en annan process, men i människliga samhällen kastas avfallet oftast bort. Bortkastat material hamnar förr eller senare oftast i deponier. Befolkningsökningen och människans tendens till att försöka förbättra sin livskvalitet har lett till en ökad materialkonsumtion. Högre konsumtion genererar mer avfall, och mer avfall kräver större deponier. Växande avfallsanläggningar leder i sin tur till ökad markanvändning och högre miljöpåverkan. I dessa anläggningar finns det emellertid stora mängder värdefullt material deponerat, och från dessa läcker både tungmetaller och metan ut, vilket är skadligt för miljön. Landfill Mining (LFM) har föreslagits som en lösning på dessa problem och avfallsanläggningarna används då även som en möjlig källa till material. Landfill mining är idag inte vanligt förekommande och det huvudsakliga hindret är de många osäkerheterna kring ett sådant projekt, till exempel; hur mycket material finns i deponierna och hur mycket är det värt? Syftet med den här studien är att uppskatta metallinnehållet i en specifik avfallsanläggning, i det här fallet Gärstad avfallsanläggning i Linköping. Detta är ett första steg i att utröna genomförbarheten av LFM som en alternativ resursbas. Studien är begränsad till metaller eftersom dessa håller på att ta slut i jordskorpan och det vore därför intressant att finna nya materialkällor till dessa. Den teoretiska bakgrunden till den här studien är baserad på materialflödesanalys (MFA). Två metoder har använts för att prospektera Gärstad. Dels top-down, som studerar flödet av material, dels bottom-up, som studerar materialförrådet i avfallsanläggningen. Avfallens totalmängd var uppskattad genom att beräkna flödet in och ut från anläggningen. Sedan använde vi tidigare gjorda provtagningar av avfallets metallmängder för att uppskatta metallinnehållet. Slutligen analyserades metallernas tillgänglighet baserad på typ av avfall, och om deponi delområdet var sluttäckt. Resultatet visar att det finns mycket metaller deponerat i Gärstad. Askan från avfallsförbränningen visade sig vara den avfallstyp med rikast metallinnehåll. Järn, aluminium, koppar och zink är de vanligaste förkommande metallerna. Metallkoncentrationen av avfallsanläggningen kan jämföras med naturliga malmer. Värdet av metallerna i Gärstad uppgår till cirka 3 miljarder. Dock är endast 30 % av metallerna tillgängliga med dagens teknik. De största värdena finns enligt följd i aluminium, titan och koppar. För att identifiera hotspots, redovisas resultatet enligt avfallstyp, lokalisering och tillgänglighet. MFA är ett fungerande prospekteringsverktyg för deponier. Metod är billig och snabb men beroende av att det finns tillgänglig data. Innan deponin transformeras till en gruva bör emellertid först en kostnad och nyttoanalys genomföras för att undersöka genomförbarheten vidare. Rekommendationer för att underlätta framtida utgrävningar är att utveckla ett systematiskt sätt att deponera olika typer av avfall och att dokumentera dem. De metaller som har ekonomisk potential bör dessutom inkluderas vid den normala provtagningen av deponerat avfall.

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11

Shashikumar, Bangalore M. "Effect of leachate on the stability of landfill composite liners." Ohio : Ohio University, 1992. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1173217012.

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12

Opseth, Douglas A. "Landfill gas generation at a semi-arid landfill." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq39150.pdf.

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13

Morello, Luca. "Sustainable landfilling: hybrid bioreactors and final storage quality." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3424792.

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Modern landfilling constitutes an unavoidable final step in solid waste management. It aims to close the “Material Cycle” bringing elements back to the non-mobile state they were in before their extraction. At the same time, the application of Sustainability Principle to landfills prescribes to guarantee environmental protection and health safety, ensuring that the disposed waste will be chemically and biochemically stable within a reasonable amount of time. A “Sustainable Landfill” must combine these two fundamental purposes, balancing the efforts to obtain a “sustainable closure of material loop”. The enhancement of biochemical processes in a landfill, with the purpose of reaching faster environmentally safe conditions and terminate the post closure care, is one of the main debated topics in waste management scientific literature. The general aim of the PhD project was giving a contribution to this debate through the lab-scale testing of systems able to simulate landfills behaviour and the analysis of the long-term expectable chemical status of waste undergone to sustainable landfilling. The first part of the work is an overview on the basic biochemical processes in landfills and on the laboratory-scale landfill simulation tests. The approach used by the PhD student is mainly experimental, starting from the design and the management of several laboratory-scale landfill simulation tests. The elaboration of the obtained data was useful for evaluating the performances of the tested bioreactor concepts as well as for comparing the results to other scientific data derived from a thorough bibliographic research. The original work produced by the student can be subdivided in three different arguments. The Semi-aerobic, Anaerobic, Aerated (S.An.A. ®) hybrid bioreactor is an innovative landfill concept, lab-scale run with promising results concerning the enhancement of methane production and the reduction of the long-term emissions. The effects of the recirculation of reverse osmosis leachate concentrate inside the landfill have been analysed to check if the potential accumulation of contaminants in waste body can turn this practice unsustainable. The Final Storage Quality (FSQ) procedure, for endorsing the landfill Post Closure Care termination, was tested on an over-stabilized waste of which total emissions and chemical speciation of main elements were calculated.
Il moderno sistema di deposito finale dei rifiuti in discarica costituisce un passaggio inevitabile nella gestione dei rifiuti solidi. Il suo scopo è chiudere il “ciclo della materia” riportando gli elementi allo stato di immobilità in cui erano prima di essere estratti. Contemporaneamente, l’applicazione del principio di sostenibilità alle discariche prescrive di garantire la salvaguardia ambientale e della salute, assicurando che il rifiuto smaltito diventi chimicamente e bio-chimicamente stabile entro un tempo “ragionevole”. Una “Discarica Sostenibile” deve combinare questi due principi, bilanciando i contributi per ottenere una “chiusura sostenibile del ciclo della materia”. Il potenziamento dei processi biochimici in discarica, con lo scopo di raggiungere più velocemente condizioni che garantiscano la salvaguardia ambientale e terminare la fase di post-chiusura, è uno degli argomenti più dibattuti nella letteratura scientifica inerente alla gestione dei rifiuti. Lo scopo generale del progetto di dottorato è stato contribuire a questo dibattito, mediante lo svolgimento di test in scala di laboratorio utili a simulare l’andamento dei processi in discarica e analizzando lo stato biochimico finale dei rifiuti trattati. La prima parte del lavoro consiste in una panoramica sui processi biochimici in discarica e sulla metodica dei test biochimici in scala di laboratorio. L’approccio usato dallo studente in questa tesi è principalmente sperimentale, basato sulla progettazione, l’esecuzione e la rielaborazione dei dati di svariate simulazioni di discarica in laboratorio. La discussione dei risultati ottenuti è stata propedeutica alla valutazione delle performance dei modelli concettuali testati così come al confronto con altri risultati ottenuti grazie a una approfondita ricerca bibliografica. Il lavoro originale svolto dallo studente può essere diviso in tre progetti principali. Il reattore ibrido Semi-aerobico, Anaerobico, Aerato (S.An.A ®) è una concetto innovativo testato in scala di laboratorio con promettenti risultati per quanto concerne la stimolazione della produzione di metano e la riduzione delle emissioni di lungo termine. Gli effetti del ricircolo del concentrato di percolato da osmosi inversa all’interno del corpo rifiuti di una discarica sono stati analizzati per verificare se possano esistere potenziali accumuli di contaminanti che rendano insostenibile tale pratica. La procedura di Final Storage Quality (FSQ) per determinare la chiusura della fase di aftercare di una discarica è stata testata su un rifiuto sovra-stabilizzato di sui sono state calcolate emissioni totali e la speciazione chimica degli elementi principali.

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14

Yal, Gozde P. "Landfill Site Selection And Landfill Liner Design For Ankara." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12611789/index.pdf.

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The main scope of this thesis is to select alternative landfill sites for Ankara based on the growing trends of Ankara towards the Sincan and Gö
lbaSi municipalities and to eventually select the best alternative. Landfill site selection was carried out utilizing Geographic Information System (GIS) and Multi-Criteria-Decision-Analysis (MCDA). A number of criteria were gathered in a GIS environment. Each criterion was assigned a weight value by applying the Pairwise Comparison Method (PCM). &ldquo
The Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to the Ideal Solution (TOPSIS)&rdquo
, was applied and the best landfill site alternative was determined. The geotechnical properties of the clay samples, obtained from selected locations in Gö
lbaSi and Sincan were determined in order to design a landfill liner system using compacted &ldquo
Ankara Clay&rdquo
as the liner material. The permeability values for the clay samples were determined by performing falling head tests and consolidation tests. The coefficient of permeability value of the compacted clay was determined to be in the order of 10-10 m/s for the Gö
lbaSi samples and 10-11 m/s for the Sincan samples for both of the tests performed. These tests indicated that the native clay was suitable to be utilized as a landfill liner material. The HELP and POLLUTE was employed for the purpose of landfill design and predicting the landfill hydrological processes. The landfill profile with a double lining system composed of geomembrane/compacted clay composite top and bottom liners with a drainage layer was determined to show the best performance amongst the others.

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15

Zhao, Renzun. "Management strategy of landfill leachate and landfill gas condensate." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77186.

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Studies were conducted to evaluate the impact of landfill leachate discharge on the operation of waste water treatment plants (WWTPs). Two aspects of interferences were found: one is UV quenching substances, which are bio-refractory and able to penetrate the biological treatment processes, consequently interfere the UV disinfection in WWTPs. The other one is organic nitrogen, which can pass the nitrification-denitrification process and contribute to the effluent total nitrogen (TN). Also, treatability study was conducted for landfill gas (LFG) condensate. In a laboratory study, leachate samples were fractionated into humic acids (HA), fulvic acids (FA) and Hydrophilic (Hpi) fractions, the specific UV254 absorbance (SUVA254) of the three fractions follows: HA > FA > Hpi. However, the overall UV254 absorbance of the Hpi fraction was important because there was more hydrophilic organic matter than humic or fulvic acids. It was found that the size distribution of the three fractions follows: HA > FA > Hpi. This indicates that membrane separation following biological treatment is a promising technology for the removal of humic substances from landfill leachates. Leachate samples treated in this manner could usually meet the UV transmittance requirement of the POTWs. Also, nitrogen species in landfill leachates under various stabilization states were investigated. Although the effect of landfill stabilization state on the characteristics of organic matter and ammonia is well documented, there are few investigations into the landfill leachate organic nitrogen under different stabilization stages. Ammonia was found to leach out slower than organic matter and can maintain a constant level within the first a couple of years (< 10 years). The concentration and biodegradability of organic nitrogen were found to decrease with landfill age. A size distribution study showed that most of organic nitrogen in landfill leachates is < 1 kDa. The protein concentration was analyzed and showed a strong correlation with the organic nitrogen. Different slopes of regression curves of untreated and treated leachates indicate that protein is more biodegradable than the other organic nitrogen species in landfill leachates. XAD-8 resin was employed to isolate the hydrophilic fraction of leachate samples, hydrophilic organic nitrogen was found to be more biodegradable/bioavailable than the hydrophobic fractions. Furthermore, biological and physical-chemical treatment methods were applied to a landfill biogas (LFG) condensate to explore the feasible treatment alternatives for organic contaminant and arsenic removal efficiency. Sequencing batch reactor (SBR) showed effectiveness for the degradation of organic matter, even in an environment containing high levels of arsenic. This indicated a relatively low toxicity of organic arsenic as compared to inorganic arsenic. However, for arsenic removal, oxidation-coagulation, including biological oxidation, conventional oxidation and advanced oxidation followed by ferric salt coagulation, and carbon adsorption were not effective for what is believed to be tri-methyl arsenic. Among these, advanced oxidation-coagulation showed the best treatment efficiency (15.1% removal). Only reverse osmosis (RO) could reduce the arsenic concentration to an acceptable level to meet discharge limits. These results implied high stability and low toxicity of organic arsenic.
Ph. D.

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16

Eisenhart, Bradley A. "Clogging of a laboratory simulated landfill drainage blanket." Ohio : Ohio University, 1992. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1172264593.

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17

Gowar, Mia. "Landfill urbanism : recovering resources ? cultivating community at hatherley landfill, Mamelodi." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/60225.

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This dissertation considers the lives and rituals of a community of informal waste reclaimers living on an active landfill site just outside Mamelodi, Pretoria. Their living conditions are poor and yet they deliver an important service by reducing the amount of garbage buried and recycling otherwise wasted resources. The intention is to acknowledge the importance of the informal waste reclaiming community that has evolved into a network of intricate exchanges and trading which in turn provides economic opportunity in a country that has a large percentage of unemployed people. Due to the evolving nature and scale of the project, the design approach considers a series of interventions that can be implemented during the various phases of the lifecycle of the landfill. The proposal utilises landscape architecture as an intrinsic component to initiate the fundamental infrastructure that can establish the foundation for a habitable environment and future public spaces. The initial phase considers an area where recycled materials can be processed and transformed after their extraction from the landfill. This creates an important node that supplements economic opportunities. It is here where a market space provides a platform for interactions and transactions between a variety of people passing through and working on the landfill site. In conjunction with the economic upliftment proposed, the project needs to address the access to basic human rights of clean water and dignified sanitation. The design of a 'water node' provides the core around which daily rituals are organised. To create a safe, stable environment where habitation may organically evolve, the strategy is to reorganise the way waste is buried at this landfill so that building rubble, demolition waste and inert materials are structured into platforms on a portion of the landfill site. Here waste reclaimers may construct their dwellings away from the dangers of earthmoving machinery, elevated out of the garbage whilst still maintaining surveillance over the incoming waste. The intention is to utilise principals of landscape architecture to harness natural resources whilst addressing the by-products of habitation in the structuring of the new terrain. The design seeks to achieve a pragmatic resolution with the intent of creating poetic moments within this harsh unforgiving landscape.
Mini Dissertation (ML (Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2016.
Architecture
ML (Prof)
Unrestricted

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18

Wang, Chunlei. "Permeability reduction in landfill drainage layer - Effect of carbonate materials." Ohio : Ohio University, 1995. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1178821138.

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19

Hon, Siu-ming, and 韓兆明. "Ultimate form of recycling: integrated landfill management: leachate recirculation, landfill gas utilizationand landfill mining : are they applicable to Hong Kong?" Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1995. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31253143.

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20

Kitchens, Jonathan Ashley. "Learning from the landfill." Thesis, Montana State University, 2008. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2008/kitchens/KitchensJ1208.pdf.

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We are a culture of material consumption. We have created a cycle of extraction, production, distribution, consumption, and disposal that perpetuates our consumptive behavior. Our culture, way of life and economy is also hinged upon this process. We have created and enacted myths that provide reasoning, support and even a need for the continuation of this lifestyle. The byproduct, as well as the foundation for this culture, is the landfill. This thesis will explore the space created by the centralized concentration of garbage and the associated myths. This thesis will also show the necessity for a new myth and outline a new vision for the landfill encompassing the man-made landscape of this culture's discarded belongings. This project will shed light upon both the beautiful potential and decay that constitutes our landfill.

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21

Fielding, Elizabeth Rosemary. "Methanogenesis in landfill sites." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.314392.

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22

Smith, Richard. "Towards sustainable landfill managment." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.438907.

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23

Rahman, Mohammad Hafizur. "Spatial and temporal analysis of landfill leachate characteristics at Trail Road Landfill site." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/28484.

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This study is conducted at the Trail Road Landfill, located in Nepean, Ontario, Canada. The objective is to investigate the leachate characteristics of changing spatial-temporal patterns in a landfill groundwater environment by comprehensive analyses of annual spatial data. Exploratory statistical data analysis identified the association of B (boron) with K, NH3 and TKN. Raster layers (maps) are created based on the concentrations of required variables in each time interval (year). In this study, it is notable that the raster data layers are used instead of discrete well data. Several change detection methods are applied to determine the spatial and temporal changes of B and its associated variables and to identify the well locations where the changes occurred. These included post-classification visualization, principal component analysis, standard deviation and unsupervised classification (clustering) methods. The suitability of these methods is also discussed. The results determined that during the 1993-95 time period the concentrations of B and its associates was initially increasing, and then decreased substantially. In summary, the study analysed characteristics of pollutants in landfill site groundwater environmental monitoring by using raster data in different change detection methods, and discussed the suitability of the applied methods. The same methodology and analysis techniques can be applied to other variables in similar environmental monitoring studies.

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Ling, Sarah R. A. "Assessing the effectiveness of landfill restoration and remediation at a closed landfill site." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2007. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/54748/.

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This research project was established to investigate the varying environmental impact of a landfill waste mass after the installation of a fully engineered landfill capping system. Nant-y-Gwyddon Landfill Site is a waste disposal site situated in the Rhondda Fawr in South Wales, UK. The site was established on an area of high ground overlooking the densely populated valley floor. The key environmental body at risk from the site was identified as the layered aquifer system supported by the cyclical geological strata dominated by sandstone aquifers separated by less permeable siltstone, mudstone and coal seams. The research adopts an integrated approach, where the understanding of the changes occurring in the waste mass are directly linked to predicted changes in the contamination levels in the groundwater system. Emphasis is also given to the mechanisms for contaminant transport between the waste mass and the environmental systems. As such the entire landfill system including the surrounding environment is considered as a set of closely interconnected systems. A monitoring system was designed to observe the changes occurring to the waste mass in terms of leachate level and saturation conditions after the installation of the landfill cap in an attempt to assess the changing leachate generation rates and quality within the waste mass. The key findings from the waste mass are then used to interpret variations in contaminant levels in the groundwater systems. Geophysical investigations highlight the extent of the leachate contamination detected in the groundwater hydrogeologically down gradient of the waste mass. The findings from groundwater monitoring are then used to develop a hydrogeological numerical model for the site using the program Visual MODFLOW. The key findings from groundwater monitoring and modelling highlight the importance of the unsaturated zone beneath the site in providing a source of contaminants which are mobilised during increased groundwater levels triggered by rainfall events. The majority of the contaminant loading was determined to be sourced from the area where a direct pathway exists between the waste mass and the Main Aquifer system. Predictions for future trends of contamination levels are then made in response to the findings and show a dynamic system intrinsically linked to the development of the waste mass and the meteorological conditions on site.

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Boer, Emilia den. "A novel approach for integrating heavy metals emissions from landfills into life cycle assessment : Consideration of waste pretreatment, landfill processes and long-term effects /." Darmstadt : Inst. WAR, 2007. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=015958544&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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26

Murphy, Timothy J. "A comparative evaluation of liquid infiltration methods for bioreactor landfills." Connect to resource, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1086213619.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2004.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xvii, 342 p.; also includes graphics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 164-171). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center

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27

Mohammed, Ibrahim Ali. "Permeability variation due to clogging in a simulated landfill drainage layer." Ohio : Ohio University, 1994. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1178136048.

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28

Adelopo, Abdulganiyu Omobolaji. "Conversion of landfill composite to activated carbon as an approach to sustainable landfill management." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/14532.

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Landfilling of municipal solid waste is a major waste disposal method, especially in developing countries despite its pressing environmental challenges. Reuse of the landfill composite has been suggested as a sustainable management option that could limit its negative effect. This research evaluated the compositional trend and characteristics of landfill composites with depth in order to assess its suitability as a precursor for activated carbon. A bulk system classification was used during analysis of the composite parameters (‘more degraded’ and ‘less degraded’ components). Both landfills had similar waste constituents, but varied in relation to moisture, TOC, and heavy metals contents. The elemental and chemical constituents of an active and a closed landfill were compared using Fourier transform - infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope/energy-dispersive X-ray (SEM/EDX) spectroscopy, and proximate analysis. The two landfills had similar major elemental constituents representing 96.5 % and 98.4 % of elemental composition for the closed (O > C > Si> Fe > Ca >Al) and active(C > O > Si > Al > Ca > Fe) landfill samples respectively. A single step chemical activation process of precursor was applied involving irradiation with microwave energy and KOH as the activation agent. The average percentage yield of activated carbon (AC) from active landfill precursor was higher than that from closed landfill for all three depths of sampling (upper, 23.8 and 19.3 %; mid, 52.4 and 34.7 %; lower 35.7 and 27.0 %). Methylene blue adsorption capacity and BET surface analysis indicated adsorption capacity and surface area of AC from degraded precursor increased with depth. All AC conformed to a multilayer adsorption model and a pseudo second order kinetic. Carbonyl and hydroxyl groups were the major functional group on the surface of activated carbon. The AC properties indicated that precursors from both landfills are potentially suitable for generation of adsorbent suitable for removal of cationic dyes and pollutants.

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29

Kutlaca, Alex. "Environmental issues associated with landfill-generated methane /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1992. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09envk97.pdf.

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30

Pouliot, Julie-Marie. "Biological treatment of landfill leachate." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0005/MQ42192.pdf.

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31

Green, Damian C. "Settlement characteristics of landfill sites." Thesis, University of Sunderland, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.340947.

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32

Luton, Philip Emmett. "A study of landfill methanogens." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.337814.

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33

Lewin, Michelle. "Landing." The Ohio State University, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1329423627.

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34

Kalra, Rajesh. "Structural performance of jointed plastic pipes under a simulated high landfill." Ohio : Ohio University, 1994. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1177532510.

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35

Peeling, Louise. "Landfill drainage as a fixed-bed bioreactor." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.298468.

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36

Pihl, Therése, and Fagrell Mia Ragnarsson. "Landfill Mining som en hjälp vid materialåtervinning från deponier : Informationsunderlag för prospektering." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Water and Environmental Studies, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-19344.

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Att gräva upp och återvinna värdefulla material från gamla deponier har en enorm miljöpotential i form av utvinning av resurser. I dagsläget innebär emellertid sådana återvinningsprojekt stora osäkerheter och därmed ekonomiska risker för företag. Anledningen är att det finns många deponier att välja mellan och dessa skiljer sig ofta åt med avseende på ålder, storlek, typ av avfall och lokalisering vilka alla är faktorer som direkt kan påverka om ett projekt blir lönsamt eller inte. För att minska de ekonomiska riskerna behöver företag i återvinningsbranschen på förhand kunna identifiera skillnader mellan olika deponier. I denna uppsats genomförs en systematisk litteraturöversikt över inventeringar av deponier. Uppsatsen syftar till att inventera tillgänglig information om deponier på nationell, regional och lokal nivå. Undersökningar har skett kring vilka uppgifter inventeringarna innehåller som finns hos Jönköpings och Linköpings kommun, Länsstyrelserna i Östergötlands och Jönköpings län samt hos Naturvårdsverket. Uppsatsen belyser även begreppet Landfill Mining och dess användning.

Slutsatserna i denna uppsats är att information från inventeringarna kan användas för Landfill Mining-projekt, dock kan det behövas gå ned på objekt- eller personnivå för att få tillgång till mer detaljerad data. Uppsatsens kategorier, ålder, riskklassning och avfallstyp innehåller viktig information om deponierna som är avgörande för att besluta om ett LFM- projekt ska genomföras och utgöra en vinst.

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37

Li, Belinda. "Perfluorinated compounds in landfill leachate and their effect on the performance of sodium bentonite landfill liners." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/37095.

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Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) are a class of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) with potential major health and environmental concerns. PFCs are thermally and chemically stable, and do not readily degrade in the environment. PFCs have been detected in numerous environmental matrices, including surface water, ground water and sediment. PFCs are used for surface treatments for paper and textiles, industrial surfactants, insecticides and fire-fighting foams. Given their widespread use, products that contain PFCs have been, and continue to be disposed in landfills after their useful lives. Typical landfills have liners made of compacted clay (e.g. sodium bentonite) to prevent contaminants in leachate from migrating into the surrounding environment. Research was conducted to characterize geographic and temporal distributions of PFCs in landfill leachate in Canada and to investigate PFC retention on sodium bentonite. Landfill leachate was collected from 29 landfills across Canada and analyzed for up to 18 PFCs. PFCs were ubiquitous in landfill leachate samples from across Canada and varied considerably with concentrations, generally being lower in the North than in the South. At one landfill, PFCs were analyzed in landfill gas condensate and water from a nearby river. Concentrations in both of these matrices were less than the landfill leachate. At another landfill, PFCs in landfill leachate were monitored for five months. Some PFCs varied temporally, whereas others remained relatively constant. The temporal variations were attributed to the presence of PFC precursors. There were strong correlations between PFC precursors and corresponding major degradation end-products. PFCs of similar size were also well-correlated with each other. Batch adsorption tests were conducted in which sodium bentonite was contacted with water and landfill leachate spiked with PFCs to measure the sorption of PFCs on sodium bentonite. PFCs in landfill leachate do not readily bind to sodium bentonite. Leaching cell tests were conducted in which compacted sand-bentonite admix columns were permeated with water, landfill leachate and PFC spiked landfill leachate. Similar hydraulic conductivity values were produced under each condition, indicating that PFCs do not significantly compromise the performance of bentonite liners. The sand-bentonite admix also appears to retain PFCs under the leaching cell test conditions.

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38

Leon, Roberto M. "Post closure management of a hazardous waste landfill at the Massachusetts Military Reservation main base landfill." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/42685.

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39

Hildum, Brendan. "Arsenic Speciation and Groundwater Chemistry at a Landfill Site: A Case Study of Shepley's Hill Landfill." Thesis, Boston College, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/3234.

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Thesis advisor: Rudolph Hon
A groundwater plume beneath a capped landfill in north-central Massachusetts contains dissolved arsenic concentrations exceeding 10,000 ppb at several locations. The landfill closed in the early 1990's and contains minimally documented solid waste materials deposited over the course of nearly a century. The source(s), fate, and transport of arsenic in the landfill aquifer have been studied extensively over the past decade; however, the source and pathways of arsenic are not yet fully defined. The primary source of arsenic likely involves a combination of the landfill waste material, the peat, the underlying overburden sequence, and/or bedrock minerals. Arsenic mobilization is most likely assisted by reducing conditions created by the decomposition of organic materials within the landfill and underlying peat present prior to the initiation of waste disposal. Another possibility is an arsenic-bearing groundwater discharging from the underlying bedrock from the oxidation of naturally occurring sulfides. Aqueous arsenic species, including inorganic arsenite [As(III), As(OH)3] and arsenate [As(V), AsO(OH)3], and organic monomethylarsonic acid [MMA(V), CH3AsO(OH)2] and dimethylarsinic acid [DMA(V), (CH3)2AsO(OH)], provide information as to where the arsenic is primarily originating from and how it is transported through the aquifer. Furthermore, the analysis of major ions, metals, and groundwater parameters from different zones of the landfill with varying arsenic concentrations will aid in the delineation of probable arsenic sources, the mobilization processes, and arsenic transport modes within the aquifer. A more complete conceptual site model with respect to arsenic speciation and groundwater chemistry will lead to a better understanding of geochemical processes within and beneath the landfill waste pile and also assist with future remediation of the aquifer. Using arsenic speciation and groundwater chemistry data, it was determined that although all four potential arsenic sources likely contribute to the total arsenic concentrations, the overall contribution from the landfill material, peat layer, and bedrock is minimal relative to the iron-oxyhydroxides coated on the sands particles throughout the aquifer which acts as the primary arsenic source. Oxidation-reduction potential and dissolved oxygen are the controlling factors in relation to mobilization and transport of arsenic species from aquifer features and an understanding of these processes at the local level can be further applied to global-scale arsenic contamination
Thesis (MS) — Boston College, 2013
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Geology and Geophysics

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40

Bricker, Garrett Demyan. "Analytical Methods of Testing Solid Waste and Leachate to Determine Landfill Stability and Landfill Biodegradation Enhancement." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35162.

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This was a study undertaken to investigate municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill stability parameters and landfill leachate properties to determine how solid waste and leachate characteristics can be used to describe stability. The primary objective was to determine if leachate properties could be used to determine stability of the overlying refuse. All landfills studied were engineered landfill bioreactors giving insight to how leachate recirculation affects stability. This study investigated the correlation between cellulose, lignin, volatile solids, and biochemical methane production (BMP). These parameters can been used to characterize landfill stability. The BMP tests indicate that a saturated waste can produce methane. Cellulose is an indicator of landfill stability. Wastes high in cellulose content were found to have high BMP. Paper samples studied indicated gas production from high-cellulose paper was higher compared to low-cellulose samples. Lignin has been found to correlate fairly well with BMP. Increasing cellulose to lignin ratios correlate well with increasing BMP levels, further supporting the use of the BMP test to indicate solid waste stability. In the BMP test for leachate, a mixture of the standard growth medium (less 80% distilled water) and 80% v/v leachate incubated for 15 days produced the most consistent BMP results. Leachate cellulose and BMP correlated well. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) also had some correlation to BMP tests. Leachate COD was found to decrease over time in landfill bioreactors. The use of leachate rather than MSW to determine stability would be more efficient.
Master of Science

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41

AlBanna, Muna. "Methane oxidation in landfill cover soil." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/26834.

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Methane, one of the primary greenhouse gases, negatively affects climate change. Its atmospheric concentration has increased dramatically over the last century and is expected to continue rising due to human activities. Oxidation of methane by methanotrophic bacteria provides a sink for methane. The rate at which methane is biologically oxidized depends on different parameters. This study aims to better understand methane oxidation in landfill cover soils. This was done through laboratory batch reactor experiments, under two levels of moisture content, two soil layer thicknesses and with and without nutrient additions. Adding nutrients to the 200 mm layer of landfill cover soil that contained 30% moisture content (by weight), increased the CH4 oxidation efficiency from 38% to 81% and the CH4 substrate utilization from 2750 mumoles/L to 5540 mumoles/L. The kinetic constants were studied in the landfill cover soil. The maximum CH4 utilization rate for different experimental runs and under different levels of the three specified parameters were between 31 and 699 mumoles/dayxkg of dry soil weight. A statistical design model was developed to describe the expected methane oxidation efficiencies under different levels of moisture content and nutrient addition that can occur in a typical landfill cover soil.

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42

Maurice, Christian. "Bioindication and bioremediation of landfill emissions." Doctoral thesis, Luleå, 2001. http://epubl.luth.se/1402-1544/2001/29/index.html.

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43

Zalesny, Jill Annette. "Phytoremediation of landfill leachate using Populus." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2007.

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44

Chan, Zenith, and 陳仕廉. "Determining suitable locations for landfill development." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31253672.

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45

Tingley, A. C. "Engineering geology of landfill gas migration." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.290487.

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46

Cheung, Kwai Chung. "Purification of landfill leachate by microalgae." HKBU Institutional Repository, 1991. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/7.

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47

Schütte, Renate. "The exploitation of methane from landfill." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1015949.

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A review of literature on the subject of methane exploitation from landfill is presented in conjunction with the results of experiments concerning landfill gas extraction at the Grahamstown Landfill Site. A description of the LFG extraction system and the utilisation of LFG at the Grahamstown Landfill Site is included. Data concerning LFG enhancement parameters, LFG compositions and flow rates, refuse composition, LFG modelling, LFG pumping trials and the economics of LFG extraction and utilisation are presented. The indication is that LFG can be economically extracted and utilised as a heating fuel in South Africa.

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Chan, Zenith. "Determining suitable locations for landfill development /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18734595.

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49

Lee, Aik Heng. "Prediction of pollutant leaching from landfill." Thesis, Curtin University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/2182.

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Landfill is continued to be the most common approach to solid waste disposal. On contrary, landfill practice is still common with increase in water pollution due to leaching of pollutants.Leachate generation from landfill can be defined into two phases, firstly soluble salt produced due to aerobic decomposition or acetogenic phase and secondly methane and carbon dioxide due to anaerobic decomposition or methanogenic phase.Characterization of landfill leachate is used in design to achieve low hydraulic conductivity or decrease permeability as leachate percolating through the waste strata and most important is used to predict level of pollutant in leachate which depend on factors such as temperature, precipitation and waste age. It is therefore crucial for landfill design to take into consideration of factors affecting leachate quality.The purpose of this research is to develop a correlation relationship of factors affecting leachate quality to predict pollutants from landfill which are determined by temperature, precipitation and waste age. The objective of this research is to determine, based the relationship developed and calibration of data obtained from literature review, the optimization of design that reduce pollutants in leachate generated from landfill taking into consideration of basic factors of temperature, precipitation and waste age of landfill.Results of the study revealed that there is a good correlation of pollutants leaching from landfill to the factors of temperature, precipitation and waste age. Higher pollutant concentration is found in average age landfill than the mature age landfill site mainly due to transition from acetogenic phase to methanogenic phase of pollutant decomposition. It is also anticipated that as carbonaceous organic matter decrease in leachate, nitrogeneous organic matter removal is activated in the mature landfill.Using Multiple Regression Analysis Method, mathematic model known as Pollutant Prediction Model is developed to correlate relationship of pollutants to factor affecting leachate quality in the landfill site in terms of temperature, precipitation and waste age.

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Kam, Chung-hau Brian, and 甘忠校. "A comparison & contrast of Hong Kong and overseas practices in landfill gas management." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31254032.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Landill'

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