To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Landforms.
Journal articles on the topic 'Landforms'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Landforms.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Liu, Yanrong, Guonian Lu, Zhongqiu Meng, Dashu Guo, Di Hu, Lei Zhu, and Handong He. "GIS Approach for Expressing Structural Landforms: Forms, Elements, and Relationships." Applied Sciences 13, no. 23 (November 30, 2023): 12872. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app132312872.
Full textAbstract:
A structural landform is defined by its surface morphology, controlled by tectonics, lithology (arrangement and resistance), and folded structures, and demonstrated by the characteristics and relationships between geological and geomorphic elements. It is very important to use geographic information system (GIS) technology to accurately describe and express elements of structural landforms and their relationships. In this study, a GIS approach for expressing structural landforms, based on “forms–elements–relationships”, was developed. The contributions of this paper are as follows: (1) Combined with the surface morphological characteristics, the structural landforms were abstracted into geological and geomorphic elements, and the characteristics and relationships of these elements were analyzed. (2) The elements of structural landforms and their relationships were abstracted into spatial objects and topological relationships. The spatial objects of the structural landform were designed based on the types and characteristics of structural landform elements. The topological relationships were developed based on the definition of the structural landform morphotype. (3) The structural landform markup language (SLML) method of “forms–elements–relationships” was created. (4) Two typical structural landforms, namely, Qixia Mountain and Gaoli Mountain, were used as examples to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the GIS approach for expressing structural landforms. This paper describes and expresses the “forms–elements–relationships” of structural landforms from the perspective of GIS, which is expected to promote the joint development of structural geomorphology and GIS.
2
Yoon, Hye-Yeon, So-Young Hwang, and Hyun-Su Park. "Spatial Distribution Status of Landform in 1st Grade Area of Ecology and Nature Map." GEO DATA 6, no. 2 (June 30, 2024): 87–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.22761/gd.2024.0010.
Full textAbstract:
In this study, spatial distribution analysis was conducted on the landforms that appear within the 1st grade area using the ecology and nature map of 2023. As a result, a total of 97 landforms including tidal flat and incised meander were identified as unit landforms, and a total of 1,490 sites were distributed. The spatial distribution by administrative region was highest in Gangwon-do with 273 sites (12.8%), and by unit landform, cliff (173 sites), stream cliff (129 sites), and sea cliff (100 sites) were the most distributed. These landforms are cliffs found in mountainous, riverine, and coastal areas, respectively, and are characterized by their high geomorphological conservation value due to their large scale and geometric shape compared to other terrains. In terms of spatial distribution by landform type, stream landforms (501 sites, 33.6%) accounted for the largest proportion, and there were 24 units landforms. The results obtained can be utilized for future designation of expanded ecosystem protection areas or ecosystem monitoring surveys, along with continued landform conservation.
3
Guilbert, Eric, Bernard Moulin, and Andrés Cortés Murcia. "A CONCEPTUAL MODEL FOR THE REPRESENTATION OF LANDFORMS USING ONTOLOGY DESIGN PATTERNS." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences III-2 (June 2, 2016): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsannals-iii-2-15-2016.
Full textAbstract:
A landform is an area of a terrain with its own recognisable shape. Its definition is often qualitative and inherently vague. Hence landforms are difficult to formalise in view of their extraction from a DTM. This paper presents a two-level framework for the representation of landforms. The objective is to provide a structure where landforms can be conceptually designed according to a common model which can be implemented. It follows the principle that landforms are not defined by geometrical characteristics but by salient features perceived by people. Hence, these salient features define a skeleton around which the landform is built. The first level of our model defines general concepts forming a landform prototype while the second level provides a model for the translation of these concepts and landform extraction on a DTM. The model is still under construction and preliminary results together with current developments are also presented.
4
Guilbert, Eric, Bernard Moulin, and Andrés Cortés Murcia. "A CONCEPTUAL MODEL FOR THE REPRESENTATION OF LANDFORMS USING ONTOLOGY DESIGN PATTERNS." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences III-2 (June 2, 2016): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-iii-2-15-2016.
Full textAbstract:
A landform is an area of a terrain with its own recognisable shape. Its definition is often qualitative and inherently vague. Hence landforms are difficult to formalise in view of their extraction from a DTM. This paper presents a two-level framework for the representation of landforms. The objective is to provide a structure where landforms can be conceptually designed according to a common model which can be implemented. It follows the principle that landforms are not defined by geometrical characteristics but by salient features perceived by people. Hence, these salient features define a skeleton around which the landform is built. The first level of our model defines general concepts forming a landform prototype while the second level provides a model for the translation of these concepts and landform extraction on a DTM. The model is still under construction and preliminary results together with current developments are also presented.
5
Mondal, Madhab. "Classification of small scale landforms, its significance: a case study of the middle Ichamati river, India." Indian Journal of Power and River Valley Development 71, no. 3&4 (June 8, 2021): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.18311/ijprvd/2021/27912.
Full textAbstract:
Landforms are the core concept of geomorphology. The definition of landforms, their characterization and classification are the core subject of geomorphology. But all these become complex when it seems to difficult to identify the landforms, especially when the area is plain land and highly modified by human activities. This paper has examined the characters of the landforms of the middle basin of the Ichamati river, the important distributary in the district of North 24 Parganas, India. It has been primarily taken an attempt to classify the landforms with the help of the satellite image, IRS P6 LISS II and LISS III. The DEM is not enough to identify the micro scale landform. To overcome this difficulty a series of field works have been conducted (2002, 2004, 2012 and 2015). The landforms have been classified according to second order derivative (Wood, 1996) method. Then ANOVA test has been applied to justify the classification. The F-statistics have indicated the effort is satisfying. The changing character of different landforms denote the river is going to be deteriorating from downstream to upward.
6
Kim, Nam Shin, Jin Yeol Cha, and Chi Hong Lim. "Hierarchical landform delineation for the habitats of biological communities on the Korean Peninsula." PLOS ONE 16, no. 11 (November 5, 2021): e0259651. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0259651.
Full textAbstract:
Landforms determine the locations of particular biological communities based on their components and spatial positions. This study hierarchically classified the topographic spaces serving as habitats for biological communities in the Korean Peninsula and established the habitat types that occur on the classified landform types. We classified landform types by applying cell-based modeling, map algebra, and spatial query techniques to spatial data, including digital elevation model (DEM), Sentinel 2 image, land use, and field survey data to model their ecological characteristics. Landforms were classified into four categories (designated Category 1 through 4) according to their spatial scale based on topographical characteristics such as mountains, plains, alluvial landforms, coastal landforms, islands, and special areas (Baekdudaegan, DMZ), which are found throughout the Korean Peninsula. The landforms of the Korean Peninsula were classified into 47 subcategories in Category 1, 16 in Category 2, 36 in Category 3, and 63 in Category 4. There were 62 main types of habitats that were classified based on their topographic spatial units, and there were 437 types of sub-habitats, for which soil weathering, biodiversity, and geodiversity were combined with the main habitat types. When factor analysis was conducted for the environmental factors used to determine the main and sub-habitats, the first primary components were temperature-related factors, followed by biodiversity, geodiversity, aspect, and slope. When the indicator species were analyzed by habitat type, indicator species diversity was high in Jeju Province, Gangwon Province, and Gaema Plateau. Based on these results, landform elements for species habit conservation were assigned conservation values and classified into (I) absolute conservation areas, (II) transition areas, and (III) areas for coexistence with humans. Topographic spaces are being degraded as biological habitats as a result of climate change and human development; our proposed classifications can be applied to the conservation of landforms and biodiversity.
7
Marr, Philipp, Stefan Winkler, and Jörg Löffler. "Schmidt-hammer exposure-age dating (SHD) performed on periglacial and related landforms in Opplendskedalen, Geirangerfjellet, Norway: Implications for mid- and late-Holocene climate variability." Holocene 29, no. 1 (October 10, 2018): 97–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683618804634.
Full textAbstract:
Schmidt-hammer exposure-age dating (SHD) was applied to a variety of boulder-dominated periglacial landforms in an attempt to establish a local mid-/late-Holocene chronology for the Geirangerfjellet in South Norway. Landform ages were obtained by application of a local calibration curve for Schmidt hammer R-values based on young and old control points comprising fresh road cuts and a bedrock surface in proximity to the study area, respectively. The area was deglaciated ~11.5 ka ago according to independent age information. Investigation of age, formation and stabilization of the periglacial landforms and processes involved allowed assessment of the underlying Holocene climate variability and its relationship to landform evolution. Our SHD ages range from 7.47 ± 0.73 ka for glacially abraded bedrock at the valley bottom to 2.22 ± 0.49 ka for surface boulders of a rock-slope failure. All landforms shared negative skewness and largely have narrow tailed frequency distributions of their R-values. This points to either substantial reworking of the boulders within a landform or continuous debris supply. Our results show that most landforms stabilized during the Holocene Thermal Maximum (~8.0–5.0 ka). The findings do not support the hypothesis that rock-slope failures predominately occur shortly after local deglaciation. Instead, it appears that they cluster during warm periods due to climate-driven factors, for example, decreasing permafrost depth or increasing cleft-water pressure leading to slope instabilities. Periglacial boulder-dominated landforms in the western maritime fjord region seem to react sensitively to Holocene climate variability and may constitute valuable but to date mostly unexplored sources of palaeoclimatic information.
8
Samodra, G., G. Chen, J. Sartohadi, D. S. Hadmoko, and K. Kasama. "Automated landform classification in a rockfall-prone area, Gunung Kelir, Java." Earth Surface Dynamics 2, no. 1 (June 5, 2014): 339–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esurf-2-339-2014.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. This paper presents an automated landform classification in a rockfall-prone area. Digital terrain models (DTMs) and a geomorphological inventory of rockfall deposits were the basis of landform classification analysis. Several data layers produced solely from DTMs were slope, plan curvature, stream power index, and shape complexity index; whereas layers produced from DTMs and rockfall modeling were velocity and energy. Unsupervised fuzzy k means was applied to classify the generic landforms into seven classes: interfluve, convex creep slope, fall face, transportational middle slope, colluvial foot slope, lower slope and channel bed. We draped the generic landforms over DTMs and derived a power-law statistical relationship between the volume of the rockfall deposits and number of events associated with different landforms. Cumulative probability density was adopted to estimate the probability density of rockfall volume in four generic landforms, i.e., fall face, transportational middle slope, colluvial foot slope and lower slope. It shows negative power laws with exponents 0.58, 0.73, 0.68, and 0.64 for fall face, transportational middle slope, colluvial foot slope and lower slope, respectively. Different values of the scaling exponents in each landform reflect that geomorphometry influences the volume statistics of rockfall. The methodology introduced in this paper has possibility to be used for preliminary rockfall risk analyses; it reveals that the potential high risk is located in the transportational middle slope and colluvial foot slope.
9
Nordstrom, Karl F. "Beaches and dunes of human-altered coasts." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 18, no. 4 (December 1994): 497–516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030913339401800402.
Full textAbstract:
Landforms are created, reshaped or eliminated to suit human needs. These alterations affect the mechanisms of change, freedom of movement, locations of sources and sinks for sediment, internal structure, outward appearance and spatial and temporal scales of landform evolution. The processes by which landscapes are transformed by human agency follows a progression of alterations that may be subtle or overt, planned or unplanned, but most of them are predictable. Models of change for human-altered coasts may be formulated by viewing them as open or closed systems. Alternative methodologies for examining evolution of these coasts include: 1) comparing and contrasting a developed area with an undeveloped area that is assumed to have the same process controls; 2) assuming that the kind of shoreline change that occurred in the recent past will continue unabated by local actions; or 3) basing predictions on probabilities of future human action. Evidence suggests that human alterations are an integral component of landscape evolution. Future challenges for scientists include: 1) formulating conceptual and predictive models of landform dynamics that evaluate humans as an endogenic process and include assumption about human actions; and 2) providing scientific criteria for maintaining landforms in developed areas in ways that safeguard or promote an optimal diversity of landforms, species and ecosystems. Controlled disturbance may be required to create landforms compatible with natural landforms in appearance and function if not in genesis.
10
Tesfahunegn, Gebreyesus Brhane, and Paul L. G. Vlek. "Assessing Sediment-Nutrient Export Rate and Soil Degradation in Mai-Negus Catchment, Northern Ethiopia." ISRN Soil Science 2013 (June 4, 2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/748561.
Full textAbstract:
Even though soil degradation challenges sustainable development, the use of degradation indicators such as nutrient export (NE) and nutrient replacement cost is not well documented at landform level. This study is aimed to investigate the extent of soil degradation, NE rates, and their replacement cost across landforms in the Mai-Negus catchment, northern Ethiopia. Different erosion-status sites (aggrading, stable, and eroded) in the landforms were identified, and soil samples were randomly collected and analysed. Nutrient export, replacement cost, and soil degradation were calculated following standard procedures. This study showed that soil degradation in the eroded sites ranged from 30 to 80% compared to the corresponding stable site soils, but the highest was recorded in the mountainous and central ridge landforms. Average NE of 95, 68, 9.1, 3.2, 2.5, and 0.07 kg ha−1 y−1 for soil calcium, carbon, nitrogen, potassium, magnesium, and phosphorus, respectively, was found from the landforms. Significantly strong relationships between NE and sediment yield in the landforms were observed. Annual nutrient replacement costs varied among the landforms though the highest was in the reservoir (€9204 in May 2010). This study thus suggests that while introducing antierosion measures, priority should be given to erosion sources to the reservoir such as mountainous and central ridge landforms.
11
Heyns, Andries M., Warren du Plessis, Kevin M. Curtin, Michael Kosch, and Gavin Hough. "Analysis and Exploitation of Landforms for Improved Optimisation of Camera-Based Wildfire Detection Systems." Fire Technology 57, no. 5 (April 10, 2021): 2269–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10694-021-01120-2.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractTower-mounted camera-based wildfire detection systems provide an effective means of early forest fire detection. Historically, tower sites have been identified by foresters and locals with intimate knowledge of the terrain and without the aid of computational optimisation tools. When moving into vast new territories and without the aid of local knowledge, this process becomes cumbersome and daunting. In such instances, the optimisation of final site layouts may be streamlined if a suitable strategy is employed to limit the candidate sites to landforms which offer superior system visibility. A framework for the exploitation of landforms for these purposes is proposed. The landform classifications at 165 existing tower sites from wildfire detection systems in South Africa, Canada and the USA are analysed using the geomorphon technique, and it is noted that towers are located at or near certain landform types. A metaheuristic and integer linear programming approach is then employed to search for optimal tower sites in a large area currently monitored by the ForestWatch wildfire detection system, and these sites are then classified according to landforms. The results support the observations made for the existing towers in terms of noteworthy landforms, and the optimisation process is repeated by limiting the candidate sites to selected landforms. This leads to solutions with improved system coverage, achieved within reduced computation times. The presented framework may be replicated for use in similar applications, such as site-selection for military equipment, cellular transmitters, and weather radar.
12
Wei, Hong, Sijin Li, Chenrui Li, Fei Zhao, Liyang Xiong, and Guoan Tang. "Quantification of Loess Landforms from Three-Dimensional Landscape Pattern Perspective by Using DEMs." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no. 10 (October 14, 2021): 693. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10100693.
Full textAbstract:
Quantitative analysis of the differences and the exploration of the evolution models of different loess landform types are greatly important to the in-depth understanding of the evolution process and mechanism of the loess landforms. In this research, several typical loess landform areas in the Chinese Loess Plateau were selected, and the object-oriented image analysis (OBIA) method was employed to identify the basic loess landform types. Three-dimensional (3D) landscape pattern indices were introduced on this foundation to measure the morphological and structural features of individual loess landform objects in more detail. Compared with the traditional two-dimensional (2D) landscape pattern indices, the indices consider the topographic features, thereby providing more vertical topographic information. Furthermore, the evolution modes between different loess landform types were discussed. Results show that the OBIA method achieved satisfying classification results with an overall accuracy of 88.12%. There are evident differences in quantitative morphological indicators among loess landform types, especially in indicators such as total length of edge, mean patch size, landscape shape index, and edge dimension index. Meanwhile, significant differences are also found in the combination of loess landform types corresponding to different landform development stages. The degree of surface erosion became increasingly significant as loess landforms developed, loess tableland area rapidly reduced or even vanished, and the dominant loess landform types changed to loess ridge and loess hill. Hence, in the reconstruction and management of the Loess Plateau, the loess tableland should be the key protected loess landform type. These preliminary results are helpful to further understand the development process of loess landforms and provide a certain reference for regional soil and water conservation.
13
Keeton, William S., and Jerry F. Franklin. "Fire-related landform associations of remnant old-growth trees in the southern Washington Cascade Range." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 34, no. 11 (November 1, 2004): 2371–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x04-111.
Full textAbstract:
The spatial distribution of biological legacies left by natural disturbances is an important source of variability in forest development. We investigated one type of biological legacy: remnant old-growth trees persisting in mature Douglas-fir forests. We hypothesized that persistence varies with topographic heterogeneity influencing fire behavior. Our two study areas are located in the southern Washington Cascade Range, USA. They have an unfragmented, mature forest cover that regenerated following wildfire. We mapped all remnant old-growth trees (live and dead) within 4.26.4 km long belt transects. Digital elevation models were used to generate convergent and divergent landform classes. Frequency analysis was used to test for landform associations. Live remnant western hemlock and western redcedar were strongly associated with convergent landforms and aspects that had greater availability of soil moisture. Live remnant Douglas-fir were most abundant, but were not correlated with convergence or divergence, although certain landforms had higher concentrations. Remnant snags were abundant across convergent and divergent landforms. We conclude that species with low fire resistance survive most frequently on landforms that have a dampening effect on fire intensity. Topographic variability may indirectly influence ecological functions associated with biological legacies by affecting the spatial distributions of remnant old-growth trees.
14
Bingham, Robert G., Edward C. King, Andrew M. Smith, and Hamish D. Pritchard. "Glacial geomorphology: Towards a convergence of glaciology and geomorphology." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 34, no. 3 (June 2010): 327–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309133309360631.
Full textAbstract:
This review presents a perspective on recent trends in glacial geomorphological research, which has seen an increasing engagement with investigating glaciation over larger and longer timescales facilitated by advances in remote sensing and numerical modelling. Remote sensing has enabled the visualization of deglaciated landscapes and glacial landform assemblages across continental scales, from which hypotheses of millennial-scale glacial landscape evolution and associations of landforms with palaeo-ice streams have been developed. To test these ideas rigorously, the related goal of imaging comparable subglacial landscapes and landforms beneath contemporary ice masses is being addressed through the application of radar and seismic technologies. Focusing on the West Antarctic Ice Sheet, we review progress to date in achieving this goal, and the use of radar and seismic imaging to assess: (1) subglacial bed morphology and roughness; (2) subglacial bed reflectivity; and (3) subglacial sediment properties. Numerical modelling, now the primary modus operandi of ‘glaciologists’ investigating the dynamics of modern ice sheets, offers significant potential for testing ‘glacial geomorphological’ hypotheses of continental glacial landscape evolution and smaller-scale landform development, and some recent examples of such an approach are presented. We close by identifying some future challenges in glacial geomorphology, which include: (1) embracing numerical modelling as a framework for testing hypotheses of glacial landform and landscape development; (2) identifying analogues beneath modern ice sheets for landscapes and landforms observed across deglaciated terrains; (3) repeat-surveying dynamic subglacial landforms to assess scales of formation and evolution; and (4) applying glacial geomorphological expertise more fully to extraterrestrial cryospheres.
15
Zhou, Xiran, Xiao Xie, Yong Xue, Bing Xue, Kai Qin, and Weijiang Dai. "Bag of Geomorphological Words: A Framework for Integrating Terrain Features and Semantics to Support Landform Object Recognition from High-Resolution Digital Elevation Models." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, no. 11 (October 23, 2020): 620. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9110620.
Full textAbstract:
High-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) and its derivatives (e.g., curvature, slope, aspect) offer a great possibility of representing the details of Earth’s surface in three-dimensional space. Previous research investigations concerning geomorphological variables and region-level features alone cannot precisely characterize the main structure of landforms. However, these geomorphological variables are not sufficient to represent a complex landform object’s whole structure from a high-resolution DEM. Moreover, the amount of the DEM dataset is limited, including the landform object. Considering the challenges above, this paper reports an integrated model called the bag of geomorphological words (BoGW), enabling automatic landform recognition via integrating point and linear geomorphological variables, region-based features (e.g., shape, texture), and high-level landform descriptions. First, BoGW semantically characterizes the composition of geomorphological variables and meaningful parcels of each type of landform. Based on a landform’s semantics, the proposed method then integrates geomorphological variables and region-level features (e.g., shape, texture) to create the feature vector for the landform. Finally, BoGW classifies a region derived from high-resolution DEM into a predefined type of landform by the feature vector. The experimental results on crater and cirque detection indicated that the proposed BoGW could support landform object recognition from high-resolution DEMs.
16
Wu, Yunjie, Xin Tian, Mingyi Zhang, Runze Wang, and Shuo Wang. "A Case Study of Initial Vegetation Restoration Affecting the Occurrence Characteristics of Phosphorus in Karst Geomorphology in Southwest China." Sustainability 14, no. 19 (September 27, 2022): 12277. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141912277.
Full textAbstract:
Phosphorus (P) is one of the necessary nutrient elements in the process of plant growth and development. The temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of phosphorus content can not only reflect the soil structure and availability, but also affect the growth of wetland vegetation, the formation of the environment, and the process of vegetation succession. In this paper, taking Guizhou Caohai Nature Reserve as the research object, the temporal and spatial substitution method was used to study the distribution and influencing factors of soil total phosphorus (TP) and soil available phosphorus (AP) under different geomorphological environments (non-karst landforms, karst landforms, and geomorphology after vegetation restoration (5 years)). The results showed that (1) the TP content in the topsoil of the restored vegetation landform was generally higher than that in the topsoil of the karst landform and non-karst landform, and the distribution difference of the AP content in the three areas was slight. At the top, hillside, and foot of the mountain, the contents of TP and AP in the non-karst landform and karst landform decreased with increasing soil depth and accumulated at the foot of the mountain. (2) The results of the correlation analysis showed that the interpretation rates of TP and AP by each soil physicochemical factor were the highest, reaching 64–86%, while the interpretation rate of TP and AP by the combined action of multiple physicochemical factors was relatively small; in addition, there was a significant correlation between environmental factors and soil TP and AP (p < 0.05). (3) Compared with unrepaired karst landforms, in the process of vegetation restoration (5 years), TP content has convergence between geomorphology after vegetation restoration and non-karst landforms, while AP content fluctuates greatly. The analysis showed that the changes in soil TP and AP contents were mainly affected by vegetation communities, while the changes in soil TP and AP contents in mountain areas were also affected by soil organic matter, pH, soil particle size, and climatic conditions.
17
Teofilo, Gianvito, Dario Gioia, and Luigi Spalluto. "Integrated Geomorphological and Geospatial Analysis for Mapping Fluvial Landforms in Murge Basse Karst of Apulia (Southern Italy)." Geosciences 9, no. 10 (September 26, 2019): 418. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9100418.
Full textAbstract:
An integrated geomorphological and geospatial study was performed in order to map fluvial landforms in a sector of Lama Lamasinata close to the town of Binetto in the Murge Basse karst (metropolitan area of Bari, Apulia, Southern Italy). This study describes a combined approach, based on geomorphological fieldwork and topographical position index (TPI)-based landform classification, aimed at identifying the main landforms in an anthropically-modified environment, which suffered a progressive transformation of original morphologies. The resulting geomorphological map of fluvial features was then compared with the available cartography in order to highlight the main strength of the applied methodology in mapping fluvial landforms. Moreover, semi-automatic landform classification was performed for the entire catchment of the Lama Lamasinata in order to evaluate the usefulness of the approach for the fast and objective delimitation of widespread geomorphological elements of the Murge area such as flat-bottomed valleys with steep- or gently-dipping flanks and relict incised valleys. We demonstrated that such an approach can efficiently support land use planning in an area affected by hydrogeological hazards.
18
Finnegan, Riley, Jeffrey R. Moore, and Paul R. Geimer. "Vibration of natural rock arches and towers excited by helicopter-sourced infrasound." Earth Surface Dynamics 9, no. 6 (November 19, 2021): 1459–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esurf-9-1459-2021.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Helicopters emit high-power infrasound in a frequency range that can coincide with the natural frequencies of rock landforms. While a single previous study demonstrated that close-proximity helicopter flight was able to excite potentially damaging vibration of rock pinnacles, the effects on a broader range of landforms remain unknown. We performed a series of controlled flights at seven sandstone arches and towers in Utah, USA, recording their vibration response to helicopter-sourced infrasound. We found that landform vibration velocities increased by a factor of up to 1000 during close-proximity helicopter flight as compared to ambient conditions immediately prior and that precise spectral alignment between infrasound and landform natural frequencies is required to excite resonance. We define admittance as the ratio of vibration velocity to infrasound pressure and recorded values of up to 0.11 mm s−1 Pa−1. While our results demonstrate a strong vibration response, the measured velocities are lower than likely instantaneously damaging values. Our results serve as a basis for predicting unfavorable degradation of culturally significant rock landforms due to regular helicopter overflights.
19
Beaney, Claire L., and John Shaw. "The subglacial geomorphology of southeast Alberta: evidence for subglacial meltwater erosion." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37, no. 1 (April 1, 2000): 51–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e99-112.
Full textAbstract:
A coherent pattern of landforms in southeast Alberta forms a subglacial landform continuum. Scoured bedrock tracts, flutes, transverse bed forms, and tunnel channels in this continuum are inferred to be products of erosion by turbulent subglacial meltwater flows beneath the Laurentide Ice Sheet. Bedrock and glacigenic sediment are truncated by an erosional surface. Flutes and extensive boulder lags across the truncation surface strongly suggest erosion by high-velocity turbulent flows. Tunnel channels dissect the erosion surface and record channelization of earlier sheet flows. Convex longitudinal profiles of channels indicate subglacial meltwater flow. Northeast-southwest trending transverse bed forms are superimposed on the preglacial divide and may be either glaciotectonic ridges or fluvial bed forms. Landforms reflect the dominance of erosion in the subglacial environment, likely by catastrophic meltwater flows of the Livingstone Lake megaflood event. The subglacial meltwater hypothesis accounts for each of the above landforms observed in southeast Alberta and suggests a less complex subglacial system than hypotheses requiring multiple processes to account for the landforms.
20
Ilia, I., D. Rozos, and I. Koumantakis. "Landform classification using GIS techniques. The case of Kimi municipality area, Euboea Island, Greece." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 47, no. 1 (December 21, 2016): 264. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.10940.
Full textAbstract:
The main objective of this paper is to classify landforms in Kimi municipality area of Euboea Island, Greece using advanced spatial techniques. Landform categories were determined by conducting morphometric analysis through the use of advanced GIS functions. In particular, the process of classifying the landscape into landform categories was based on Topographic Position Index (TPI). The main topographic elements such as slope inclination, aspect, slope shape (curvature), topographic wetness index and stream power index were obtained from the DEM file of the study area. Landform classification was obtained using TPI grids and the classes were related with the geological pattern and the land cover by sophisticated spatial analysis function. The knowledge obtained from the present study could be useful in identifying areas prone to land degradation and instability problems in which landforms are identified as an essential parameter
21
Mather, AE, RM Fyfe, CC Clason, M. Stokes, S. Mills, and TT Barrows. "Automated mapping of relict patterned ground: An approach to evaluate morphologically subdued landforms using unmanned-aerial-vehicle and structure-from-motion technologies." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 43, no. 2 (August 23, 2018): 174–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309133318788966.
Full textAbstract:
Relict landforms provide a wealth of information on the evolution of the modern landscape and climate change in the past. To improve understanding of the origin and development of these landforms we need better spatial measurements across a variety of scales. This can be challenging using conventional surveying techniques due to difficulties in landform recognition on the ground (e.g. weak visual/topographic expression) and spatially variable areas of interest. Here we explore the appropriateness of existing remote sensing datasets (aerial LiDAR and aerial photography) and newly acquired unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) imagery of a test site on the upland of Dartmoor in SW England (Leeden Tor) for the recognition and automated mapping of relict patterned ground composed of stripes and polygons. We find that the recognition of these landforms is greatly enhanced by automated mapping using spectral two-dimensional imagery. Image resolution is important, with the recognition of elements (boulders) of <1 m maximised from the highest resolution imagery (UAV red-green-blue (RGB)) and recognition of landforms (10–100 m scale) maximised on coarser resolution aerial imagery. Topographic metrics of these low relief (0.5 m) landforms are best extracted from structure-from-motion (SfM) processed UAV true-colour imagery, and in this context the airborne LiDAR data proved less effective. Integrating automated mapping using spectral attributes and SfM-derived digital surface models from UAV RGB imagery provides a powerful tool for rapid reconnaissance of field sites to facilitate the extraction of meaningful topographic and spatial metrics that can inform on the origin of relict landform features. Care should be given to match the scale of features under consideration to the appropriate scale of datasets available.
22
Baker, Matthew E., and Burton V. Barnes. "Landscape ecosystem diversity of river floodplains in northwestern Lower Michigan, U.S.A." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 28, no. 9 (September 1, 1998): 1405–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x98-107.
Full textAbstract:
We present a classification and comparison of river floodplains using an ecological, multifactor approach integrating physiography, hydrology, soil, and vegetation within a relatively homogenous macroclimate. Aerial photographs and field reconnaissance were used to locate 22 river valley transects along nine major rivers in the Manistee National Forest, northwestern Lower Michigan. Distinct ecosystems along each transect were sampled extensively. Twenty-three floodplain ecosystem types were identified and classified primarily on the basis of physiographic systems and fluvial landforms within a regional context. Physiographic systems are broad-scale, surficial landforms characterized by distinctive form, parent material, soil, hydrologic regimes, and vegetation. We examined landscape ecosystem differences between different physiographic systems, within a physiographic system, and on a single fluvial landform. Different physiographic systems have different kinds and patterns of floodplain ecosystems in successive valley segments along a river. Within a physiographic system, the physiographic position of different fluvial landforms and ecosystem types within a single fluvial landform leads to marked ecosystem diversity laterally away from the river. The results indicate that physiography is an important determinant of floodplain ecosystem diversity and that an ecological, multifactor approach is useful in distinguishing floodplain ecosystems at multiple scales within a regional context.
23
Tesfahunegn, G. B., and P. G. L. Vlek. "Assessing sediment enrichment ratio in Mai-Negus catchment, northern Ethiopia." Soil and Water Research 9, No. 1 (January 23, 2014): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/16/2013-swr.
Full textAbstract:
Soil degradation is a threat to sustainable development in Ethiopia. However, degradation indicators, such as sediment enrichment ratio (SER), are not adequately documented in literature. This study aims to investigate the SER of different erosion-status sites (aggrading, stable, eroded) in various landforms in Mai-Negus catchment, northern Ethiopia. The erosion-status sites in the landforms were identified using field indicators, and soil samples were collected for analysis of selected soil parameters. In this study, due to the ratio of aggrading to eroded or stable sites at catchment and landform levels, the SER of soil nutrients and fine soil particles was > 1. But due to the ratio of aggrading to eroded sites in the landforms the average SER of the soils were higher (1.42–7.22) as compared to the ratios of aggrading to stable sites (1.10–3.66). The SER significantly (P ≤ 0.05) differed among the landforms, which indicated differences in the effect of erosion. The relationships between the SER of fine soil particles and soil nutrients were strong. Thus, priority for introducing appropriate anti-erosion measures should be given to sources of high SER sites such as the mountainous and central ridge landforms in the catchment using the limited resources available.
24
Kashian, Daniel M., Burton V. Barnes, and Wayne S. Walker. "Landscape Ecosystems of Northern Lower Michigan and the Occurrence and Management of the Kirtland's Warbler." Forest Science 49, no. 1 (February 1, 2003): 140–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestscience/49.1.140.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The Kirtland's warbler (Dendroica kirtlandii Baird) is an endangered songbird that nests in northern Lower Michigan in ecosystems dominated by young jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.). An ecological, multifactor approach was used to determine the range and characteristics of landform-level ecosystems supporting the warbler and to compare the spatial and temporal patterns of warbler occupation among these ecosystems. Using an ecosystem rather than a strictly biological approach, the landforms occupied by the warbler are very diverse. Twelve landforms were identified based on 61 sites currently or formerly occupied by the warbler. Average annual jack pine height growth, an indicator of stand structural features that influences initial warbler colonization and duration of occupancy, differed significantly among landforms, resulting in marked differences in warbler occurrence in time and space across the breeding range. Landforms with favorable growing conditions for jack pine were colonized earliest and were occupied for the shortest duration, whereas landforms with unfavorable growing conditions were colonized relatively late but were occupied longest. Different ecological factors, such as the spatial position of landforms, microclimate, soil texture, or a combination of these factors, may account for favorable or unfavorable growing conditions for jack pine, which in turn affects the timing and duration of warbler occupancy. The classification and description of ecosystems occupied by the warbler provides an ecological framework for warbler management, especially when plantations rather than wildfire are the primary source of warbler habitat. FOR. SCI. 49(1):140–159.
25
Evans, David J. A., Anna L. C. Hughes, James D. Hansom, and David H. Roberts. "Scottish Landform Examples 43: Glacifluvial Landforms of Strathallan, Perthshire." Scottish Geographical Journal 133, no. 1 (November 9, 2016): 42–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14702541.2016.1254276.
Full text
26
Waga, Jan Maciej, and Maria Fajer. "Enigmatic glacigenic ridges from the Odra Glaciation in the vicinity of Krzepice (Woźniki-Wieluń Upland, Poland)." Environmental & Socio-economic Studies 4, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/environ-2016-0016.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The central part of the Woźniki-Wieluń Upland is characterised by mature old glacial landforms associated with the Middle- Polish Glaciations. In some areas, however, more pronounced post-glacial landforms can be observed that were remodelled by later morphogenetic processes to a lesser extent. To the south-east of Krzepice, in the vicinity of Dolisko, there is an extensive depression in which twelve parallel ridges can be found. In terms of their morphology and location as well as due to their relationship to the surrounding landforms, the ridges examined resemble forms that would be referred to as drumlins, glaciotectonic forms or glacial curvilineations in late glacial areas. The material presented is the result of the initial research stage. The studies conducted in this stage involved primarily geomorphological mapping supplemented by an analysis of landforms on a shaded relief model and on an orthophotomap. At the current stage of studies on the glacigenic landforms in the vicinity of Dolisko, three scenarios concerning their origins have been put forward that need to be verified. The first scenario involves glaciotectonic origins, the second assumes that they were formed in the same manner as classic drumlins, fluted moraines or longitudinal squeeze ridges, and the third scenario assumes that they have the same origins as glacial curvilineations. The group of glacigenic ridges discussed is a glacial landform unique in southern Poland.
27
Gioia, Dario, Maria Danese, Giuseppe Corrado, Paola Di Leo, Antonio Minervino Amodio, and Marcello Schiattarella. "Assessing the Prediction Accuracy of Geomorphon-Based Automated Landform Classification: An Example from the Ionian Coastal Belt of Southern Italy." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no. 11 (October 27, 2021): 725. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10110725.
Full textAbstract:
Automatic procedures for landform extraction is a growing research field but extensive quantitative studies of the prediction accuracy of Automatic Landform Classification (ACL) based on a direct comparison with geomorphological maps are rather limited. In this work, we test the accuracy of an algorithm of automatic landform classification on a large sector of the Ionian coast of the southern Italian belt through a quantitative comparison with a detailed geomorphological map. Automatic landform classification was performed by using an algorithm based on the individuation of basic landform classes named geomorphons. Spatial overlay between the main mapped landforms deriving from traditional geomorphological analysis and the automatic landform classification results highlighted a satisfactory percentage of accuracy (higher than 70%) of the geomorphon-based method for the coastal plain area and drainage network. The percentage of accuracy decreased by about 20–30% for marine and fluvial terraces, while the overall accuracy of the ACL map is 69%. Our results suggest that geomorphon-based classification could represent a basic and robust tool to recognize the main geomorphological elements of landscape at a large scale, which can be useful for the advanced steps of geomorphological mapping such as genetic interpretation of landforms and detailed delineation of complex and composite geomorphic elements.
28
Leng, Shu, Haochen Hu, Meng Yu, and Hehua Ju. "Active manipulator motion planning for planetary landform awareness." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 233, no. 13 (May 6, 2019): 5057–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954410019844418.
Full textAbstract:
This paper presents an active motion planning approach for a robotic manipulator operating in planetary surface exploration missions. A monocular camera is employed to examine the visually salient regions in an image, from which landforms of potential interests are extracted, and two key metrics are established to evaluate the information richness of the landforms. A next-best view manipulator motion planning is proposed, in which motions of the manipulator are actively planned to reach a better viewpoint to view the target landform, the safety of such operation is guaranteed by real-time estimating the relative distance using ORriented Brief (ORB)–simultaneous localization and mapping. The proposed active motion planning method is validated by an experimental trial, results from which demonstrate that it is able to safely acquire a better viewing of a just-detected planetary landform with full autonomy.
29
Rot, Byron W., Robert J. Naiman, and Robert E. Bilby. "Stream channel configuration, landform, and riparian forest structure in the Cascade Mountains, Washington." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 57, no. 4 (April 1, 2000): 699–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f00-002.
Full textAbstract:
The hierarchical relationship of five key elements, valley constraint, riparian landform, riparian plant community, channel type, and channel configuration, are described for 21 sites in mature to old-growth riparian forests of the western Cascades Mountains, Washington, U.S.A. Channel type (bedrock, plane-bed, and forced pool-riffle) was closely related to channel configuration (especially large woody debris (LWD) volume, density, and LWD-formed pools) at the smallest spatial scale and valley constraint at the largest. Valley constraint significantly influenced off-channel habitat (r2 = 0.71) and LWD volume within forced pool-riffle channels (r2 = 0.58). Riparian plant community composition was differentiated by four landform classes: three alluvial landforms based on height above the channel and one based on hillslope. Just above the active channel, floodplain landforms contained more deciduous stems than conifer and greater conifer basal area than deciduous. Conifers dominated other landforms. The diameter of in-channel LWD increased with the age of the riparian forest (r2 = 0.34). In old-growth forests, LWD diameter was equivalent to or greater than the average riparian tree diameter for all sites. In younger forests, the mixed relationship between LWD and riparian tree diameter may reflect a combination of LWD input from the previous old-growth stand and LWD input from the existing stand.
30
Farmakis-Serebryakova, Marianna, Magnus Heitzler, and Lorenz Hurni. "Terrain Segmentation Using a U-Net for Improved Relief Shading." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 11, no. 7 (July 12, 2022): 395. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi11070395.
Full textAbstract:
Since landforms composing land surface vary in their properties and appearance, their shaded reliefs also present different visual impression of the terrain. In this work, we adapt a U-Net so that it can recognize a selection of landforms and can segment terrain. We test the efficiency of 10 separate models and apply an ensemble approach, where all the models are combined to potentially outperform single models. Our algorithm works particularly well for block mountains, Prealps, valleys, and hills, delivering average precision and f1 values above 60%. Segmenting plateaus and folded mountains is more challenging, and their precision values are rather scattered due to smaller areas available for training. Mountains formed by erosion processes are the least recognized landform of all because of their similarities with other landforms. The highest accuracy of one of the 10 models is 65%, while the accuracy of the ensemble is 61%. We apply relief shading techniques that were found to be efficient regarding specific landforms within corresponding segmented areas and blend them together. Finally, we test the trained model with the best accuracy on other mountainous areas around the world, and it proves to work in other regions beyond the training area.
31
Glasser, Neil F., and Matthew R. Bennett. "Glacial erosional landforms: origins and significance for palaeoglaciology." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 28, no. 1 (March 2004): 43–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0309133304pp401ra.
Full textAbstract:
Glacial inversion modelling of continental-scale palaeo-ice sheets is now recognized as an important tool in palaeoglaciology. Existing palaeoglaciological reconstructions of the dimensions, geometry and dynamics of former ice sheets are based mainly on glacial depositional, as opposed to glacial erosional, landforms. Part of the reason for this is a lack of detailed understanding of the origin and significance of glacial erosional landforms. Here we review recent developments in our understanding of the processes and landforms of glacial erosion and consider their value in palaeoglaciology. Glacial erosion involves the removal and transport of bedrock and/or sediment by glacial quarrying, glacial abrasion and glacial meltwater. These processes combine to create a suite of landforms that are frequently observed in areas formerly occupied by ice sheets and glaciers, and which can be used in palaeoglaciological reconstructions. For example, all landforms of glacial erosion provide evidence for the release of subglacial meltwater and the existence of warm-based ice. Landforms of glacial quarrying such as roches moutonnées, rock basins and zones of areal scouring are created when cavities form between an ice sheet and its bed and therefore are indicative of low effective basal pressures (0.1-1 MPa) and high sliding velocities that are necessary for ice-bed separation. Fluctuations in basal water pressure also play an important role in the formation of glacially quarried landforms. Landforms of glacial abrasion include streamlined bedrock features (‘whalebacks’), some ‘p-forms’, striae, grooves, micro-crag and tails, bedrock gouges and cracks. Abrasion can be achieved by bodies of subglacial sediment sliding over bedrock or by individual clasts contained within ice. Although abrasion models depend critically on whether clasts are treated as dependent or independent of subglacial water pressure, it appears that abrasion is favoured in situations where effective basal pressures are greater than 1 MPa and where there are low sliding velocities. Consequently, landforms dominated by glacial abrasion are created when there is no ice-bed separation. Landforms of glacial meltwater erosion include both subglacial and ice-marginal meltwater channels. Investigations of the relationship between glacial meltwater channels and other aspects of the subglacial drainage system, such as areas of ice-bed contact, areas of ice-bed separation and precipitate-filled depressions, enable inferences to be made concerning former subglacial water pressure-drainage relationships, effective pressures and glacier velocities. Meltwater palaeovelocity and palaeodischarge can also be calculated from measurements of channel shape, channel width and the size of material transported within former glacial meltwater channels. We surmize that glacial erosional landforms offer insight into former glacio-logical conditions at both the landform- and landscape-scale within palaeoglaciology. Exposure-age dating techniques, including cosmogenic isotope dating of bedrock surfaces, will be important in increasing our understanding of the age and chronological significance of landforms of glacial erosion. We conclude that landforms of glacial erosion are of great value in ice mass reconstruction and speculate that these landforms will achieve greater recognition within palaeoglaciology in line with improvements in exposure-age dating techniques.
32
Yulianto, Fajar, Suwarsono, Taufik Maulana, and Muhammad Rokhis Khomarudin. "Analysis of the dynamics of coastal landform change based on the integration of remote sensing and gis techniques: Implications for tidal flooding impact in pekalongan, central java, Indonesia." Quaestiones Geographicae 38, no. 3 (September 10, 2019): 17–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/quageo-2019-0025.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Coastal landforms are located in the interface zone between atmosphere, ocean and land surface systems formed by the geomorphic process of erosion, depositional, and subsidence. Studying the dynamics of coastal landform change is important for tracing the relationship between coastal landform changes and tidal flooding in the coastal areas of Pekalongan, Indonesia. The method of integrating remote sensing data with geographic information system (GIS) techniques has been widely used to monitor and analyze the dynamics of morphology change in coastal landform areas. The purpose of this study is to map the dynamics of landform change in the study area from 1978 to 2017 and to analyze its implications for the impact of tidal flooding. The results of the mapping and change analysis associated with coastal landforms can be classified into four landform types: beach, beach ridge, backswamp and alluvial plain. Changes in coastal morphology and landform topography affected by land subsidence and changes in land use/ land cover have contributed to the occurrence of tidal flooding in the study area. Beach ridges perform an important role as natural levees which hold back and prevent the entry of seawater at high tide in coastal areas. A limitation of this study is that, as it focuses only on the physical aspects of coastal landform characteristics for one of the factors causing tidal flooding.
33
Indra Agus Riyanto, Ahmad Cahyadi, Dwi Sismoyo, Azura Ulfa, Wilda Aulia Fathoni, and Ghalih Nur Wicaksono. "Geomorfologi Tanah Pada Transisi Geologi Formasi Wonosari dan Nglanggran di Kecamatan Purwosari Gunungkidul Yogyakarta." Jurnal Geografi, Edukasi dan Lingkungan (JGEL) 6, no. 2 (July 26, 2022): 74–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.22236/jgel.v6i2.9072.
Full textAbstract:
The transition zone of the Wonosari and Nglanggran Formation in Purwosari District has the characteristics of thick soil, steep slopes, and no outcrops. The different characteristics found in the Wonosari Formation Zone are characterized by polygonal karst formations with thin soil and limestone rocks, and the Nglanggran Formation in the form of thick soil, andesite rock outcrops, and steep slopes. Geomorphological mapping of the Nglanggran and Wonosari Formation can be done easily through morphological approaches and outcrops. Geomorphological mapping is quite difficult to do in the transition of the Wonosari and Nglanggran Formation because it does not have outcrops and is difficult to interpret from morphology. Soil geomorphological approach needs to be done to define landform units for areas that do not have outcrops dan difficult to interpret through morphology. The purpose of this study was to map the geomorphological distribution of soil characteristics in the geological transition zone. The methods used to identify landform units are morphological delineation and soil survey. The morphological delineation for landform units was obtained from aerial photographs. The results of the delineation of landforms from aerial photographs are detailed by soil surveys. The results of the delineation of landforms using aerial photography produce high resolution, smooth, and firm compared to other sources. The results of the delineation of landforms from aerial photos obtained two units of landforms, limestone karst hills, Wonosari formation and andesitic rocky hills, Nglanggran formation. There is a transitional transition zone in the TP7 soil sample with the color change from dark brown (karst) to light brown (old volcanic). The thickness of the soil in the old volcanic is more than 1 meter and deeper than the karst soil (< 60 cm). The transition zone has three soil horizons A, B, and B/C which are classified as more developed than the karst region (A and B horizons). The soil texture in old volcanic is clay and silt, while the dominant karst area is clay.
34
Song, Keyu, Weiming Cheng, Baixue Wang, Hua Xu, Ruibo Wang, and Yutong Zhang. "Study on the Expansion Potential of Artificial Oases in Xinjiang by Coupling Geomorphic Features and Hierarchical Clustering." Remote Sensing 16, no. 10 (May 10, 2024): 1701. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs16101701.
Full textAbstract:
The study of the expansion potential of artificial oases based on remote sensing data is of great significance for the rational allocation of water resources and urban planning in arid areas. Based on the spatio-temporal relationship between morphogenetic landform types and the development of artificial oases in Xinjiang, this study explored the development pattern of artificial oases in the past 30 years by using trend analysis and centroid migration analysis, constructing a series of landform–artificial oasis change indices, and investigating the suitability of different landforms for the development of artificial oases based on geomorphological location by adopting a hierarchical clustering method. The following conclusions are drawn: (1) From 1990 to 2020, the area of artificial oases in the whole territory continued to increase, with significant expansion to the south from 2005 to 2010. (2) Six categories of landform types for artificial oasis development were created based on the clustering results. Of these, 7.39% and 6.15% of the area’s geomorphological types belonged to the first and second suitability classes, respectively. (3) The optimal scale for analyzing the suitability of landforms for the development of artificial oases over the past 30 years in the whole area was 8 km, which could explain more than 96% of the changes in the growth of artificial oases. The distribution of landforms of first- and second-class suitability within the 8 km buffer zone of an artificial oasis in the year 2020 was 10.55% and 9.90%, respectively, and landforms of first-class suitability were mainly concentrated in the near plain side of the urban agglomerations located on the northern and southern slopes of the Tianshan Mountains, and the urban agglomerations at the southern edge of Altai Mountains. This study quantified the potential of different geomorphological types for the development of artificial oases and provided a basis for site selection in future artificial oasis planning and urban construction.
35
Oguchi, Takashi. "Geomorphological mapping based on DEMs and GIS: A review." Abstracts of the ICA 1 (July 15, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-275-2019.
Full textAbstract:
<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Geomorphology is a scientific discipline dealing with the characteristics, origin, and evolution of landforms. It utilizes topographic data such as spot height information, contour lines on topographic maps, and DEMs (Digital Elevation Models). Topographic data were traditionally obtained by ground surveying, but introduction of aerial photogrammetry in the early 20th century enabled more efficient data acquisition based on remote sensing. In recent years, active remote sensing methods including airborne and terrestrial laser scanning and applications of satellite radar have also been employed, and aerial photogrammetry has become easier and popular thanks to drones and a new photogrammetric method, SfM (Structure from Motion). The resultant topographic data especially raster DEMs are combined with GIS (Geographic Information Systems) to obtain derivatives such as slope and aspect as well as to conduct efficient geomorphological mapping. Resultant maps can depict various topographic characteristics based on surface height and DEM derivatives, and applications of advanced algorithms and some heuristic reasoning permit semi-automated landform classification. This quantitative approach differs from traditional and more qualitative methods to produce landform classification maps using visual interpretation of analogue aerial photographs and topographic maps as well as field observations.</p><p>For scientific purposes, landforms need to be classified based on not only shape characteristics but also formation processes and ages. Among them, DEMs only represent shape characteristics, and understanding formation processes and ages usually require other data such as properties of surficial deposits observed in the field. However, numerous geomorphological studies indicate relationships between shapes and forming-processes of landforms, and even ages of landforms affect shapes such as a wider distribution of dissected elements within older landforms. Recent introduction of artificial intelligence in geomorphology including machine learning and deep learning may permit us to better understand the relationships of shapes with processes and ages. Establishing such relationships, however, is still highly challenging, and at this moment most geomorphologists think landform classification maps based on the traditional methods are more usable than those from the DEM-based methods. Nevertheless, researchers of some other fields such as civil engineering more appreciate the DEM-based methods because they can be conducted without deep geomorphological knowledge. Therefore, the methods should be developed for interdisciplinary understanding. This paper reviews and discusses such complex situations of geomorphological mapping today in relation to historical development of methodology.</p>
36
Vasu, Duraisamy, Surendra Kumar Singh, Pramod Tiwary, Padikkal Chandran, Sanjay Kumar Ray, and Veppangadu Perumal Duraisami. "Pedogenic processes and soil–landform relationships for identification of yield-limiting soil properties." Soil Research 55, no. 3 (2017): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr16111.
Full textAbstract:
Knowledge of soil–landform relationships helps in understanding the dominant pedogenic processes causing variations in soil properties within and between landforms. In this study, we investigated how major pedogenic processes in three landform positions of the semi-arid Deccan Plateau (India) have led to current plant yield-limiting soil properties. For this, we characterised 26 pedons from three landforms – piedmont, alluvial plain and valley – and performed factor analysis on the dataset. As the frequency distribution of the dataset was highly skewed for most of the soil properties, landform-wise partition and log-transformation were performed before studying soil variability within landforms. Results indicated that two factors explained 56, 71 and 64% of variability in soil properties in piedmonts, alluvial plains and valleys, respectively. The major soils in lower piedmonts (Typic Haplustalfs and Typic Rhodustalfs) were spatially associated with Vertisols (Sodic Haplusterts) occurring in alluvial plains and valleys. The soil properties in alluvial plains and valleys (Vertic Haplustepts, Sodic Haplusterts and Typic Ustifluvents) were modified due to regressive pedogenic processes. These soils were characterised by high pH (8.5–9.8), exchangeable sodium percentage (16.5–46.6) and poor saturated hydraulic conductivity (<1cmh–1). Subsoil sodicity induced by the presence of pedogenic calcium carbonate impaired the hydraulic conductivity. Subsoil sodicity and poor saturated hydraulic conductivity were identified as major yield-limiting soil properties. The relationships found between specific soil properties, surface and subsurface horizons, and position in the landscape helped to determine the dominant pedogenic processes and how these influenced current soil properties and their effects on crop yield.
37
Pelfini, Manuela, and Irene Bollati. "LANDFORMS AND GEOMORPHOSITES ONGOING CHANGES: CONCEPTS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR GEOHERITAGE PROMOTION." Quaestiones Geographicae 33, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 131–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/quageo-2014-0009.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The promotion of geological and geomorphological heritage is growing in importance for educational initiatives. The constantly increasing interest towards changing landforms due to changing climate conditions asks not only for improving the values of the cultural proposals but also for précising the subject of the discussion. Cultural trails and natural resources valorisation are more and more frequently based on the concept of geomorphosite, which is strictly linked to landform typology definitions. In sensitive areas, changing geomorphosites are considered of great interest as a typical response to changes in climate. In this paper, on the basis of recent research, we discuss the definitions of landforms and geomorphosites activity in relation to surface processes dynamics. In addition, we discuss the implications of geomorphological surface processes for geomorphosite evolution and degradation and their consequent impact on related valorisation activities. We indicate how both active and passive landforms, and therefore geomorphosites, are of great interest for scientific, educational and tourism purposes.
38
Drobyshev, Igor, P. Charles Goebel, David M. Hix, R. Gregory Corace, and Marie E. Semko-Duncan. "Pre- and post-European settlement fire history of red pine dominated forest ecosystems of Seney National Wildlife Refuge, Upper Michigan." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 38, no. 9 (September 2008): 2497–514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x08-082.
Full textAbstract:
To understand the dynamics of fire in red pine ( Pinus resinosa Ait.) forest ecosystems that once dominated areas of the northern Lake States, we dendrochronologically reconstructed the fire regime prior to European settlement (pre-1860), after European settlement (1860–1935), and postrefuge establishment (post-1935) for different portions (wilderness and nonwilderness) and landforms (sand ridges and outwash channels) of the Seney National Wildlife Refuge (SNWR) in eastern Upper Michigan. Using data from 50 sites, we found that the cumulative number of fires showed a slow rate of accumulation from the 1700s to 1859, a steeper pattern suggesting higher fire occurrence from 1860 to 1935, and a return to fewer fires after 1935. Prior to European settlement, the fire cycle (FC) of sand ridge landforms interspersed within a poorly drained lacustrine plain in the Seney Wilderness Area was 91–144 years. This was longer than on glacial outwash channel landforms (53 years) and on sand ridge landforms interspersed within lacustrine plains located outside of the wilderness (47 years). The FC was also shorter (30 years) during this period and has subsequently increased (149–1090 years) after SNWR establishment. Differences in fire regimes among landform types were minor relative to the temporal variation in fire regimes among the three time periods.
39
Dorn, Ronald I. "Necrogeomorphology and the life expectancy of desert bedrock landforms." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 42, no. 5 (September 5, 2018): 566–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309133318795839.
Full textAbstract:
This paper presents the first estimates for the life expectancy of the very surface of bedrock desert landforms, such as bornhardts, cliff faces, fault scarp, inselbergs, ridge crests, and slickrock. The correlative dating method of varnish microlaminations yields minimum ages for the timing of the last spalling event caused by the physical weathering process of dirt cracking. Minimum percentage of a bedrock surface spalled per thousand years is a metric that can be estimated using multiple varnish lamination ages. Understanding rates of surface spalling provides a quantitative measure of Gilbert’s (1877: 105) weathering-limited ‘rate of disintegration’, because this metric directly links to the rock disintegration process of dirt cracking. Rates of percent surface spalled then translate into estimates of how long it takes for the very surface of a desert bedrock landform to die. For a variety of example landforms in the southwestern USA, the maximum time required to completely resurface a desert bedrock landform by spalling from dirt cracking ranges from 89 to 600 ka.
40
Mohamed, Mohamed Ali. "Classification of Landforms for Digital Soil Mapping in Urban Areas Using LiDAR Data Derived Terrain Attributes: A Case Study from Berlin, Germany." Land 9, no. 9 (September 9, 2020): 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9090319.
Full textAbstract:
In this study, a knowledge-based fuzzy classification method was used to classify possible soil-landforms in urban areas based on analysis of morphometric parameters (terrain attributes) derived from digital elevation models (DEMs). A case study in the city area of Berlin was used to compare two different resolution DEMs in terms of their potential to find a specific relationship between landforms, soil types and the suitability of these DEMs for soil mapping. Almost all the topographic parameters were obtained from high-resolution light detection and ranging (LiDAR)-DEM (1 m) and Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER)-DEM (30 m), which were used as thresholds for the classification of landforms in the selected study area with a total area of about 39.40 km2. The accuracy of both classifications was evaluated by comparing ground point samples as ground truth data with the classification results. The LiDAR-DEM based classification has shown promising results for classification of landforms into geomorphological (sub)categories in urban areas. This is indicated by an acceptable overall accuracy of 93%. While the classification based on ASTER-DEM showed an accuracy of 70%. The coarser ASTER-DEM based classification requires additional and more detailed information directly related to soil-forming factors to extract geomorphological parameters. The importance of using LiDAR-DEM classification was particularly evident when classifying landforms that have narrow spatial extent such as embankments and channel banks or when determining the general accuracy of landform boundaries such as crests and flat lands. However, this LiDAR-DEM classification has shown that there are categories of landforms that received a large proportion of the misclassifications such as terraced land and steep embankments in other parts of the study area due to the increased distance from the major rivers and the complex nature of these landforms. In contrast, the results of the ASTER-DEM based classification have shown that the ASTER-DEM cannot deal with small-scale spatial variation of soil and landforms due to the increasing human impacts on landscapes in urban areas. The application of the approach used to extract terrain parameters from the LiDAR-DEM and their use in classification of landforms has shown that it can support soil surveys that require a lot of time and resources for traditional soil mapping.
41
Scapozza, C. "Investigation on protalus ramparts in the Swiss Alps." Geographica Helvetica 70, no. 2 (April 14, 2015): 135–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gh-70-135-2015.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. The origin and classification of landforms denominated as "protalus ramparts" in the scientific literature is a problem that is far from being resolved. The main objective of this contribution is to support a permafrost-related definition of protalus ramparts. If we consider the Alpine framework, protalus ramparts are generally very rare landforms; by contrast, the Alpine periglacial belt is characterised by a large diffusion of talus slopes and talus rock glaciers. The investigations carried out in six sites of the Valais Alps (Switzerland) allow eight major "diagnostic criteria" to be presented that help to define protalus ramparts in Alpine environments and that support the permafrost-related genesis of most of them. The major source of controversy is related to the use of the term protalus rampart to designate both a nivo-gravitational landform (also called "pronival ramparts") and a permafrost-related landform. All the considerations presented here allow an active protalus rampart to be defined simply as a (small) active talus rock glacier.
42
Petersen, Mark M. "A natural approach to watershed planning, restoration and management." Water Science and Technology 39, no. 12 (June 1, 1999): 347–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0565.
Full textAbstract:
Each watershed has an overall hydrologic function to capture, store and safely release water. How well a watershed is able to perform this overall function is dependent upon how well each geomorphic component landform is functioning within the watershed. Each geomorphic component landform within a watershed has a specific hydrologic function and ecological potential. Component landforms that commonly occur in a watershed include stream channels, floodplains, stream terraces, alluvial valley bottoms, alluvial fans, mountain slopes, and ridge tops. When a component landform within a watershed becomes ecologically altered or degraded, its ability to perform its natural hydrologic and geomorphic functions becomes impaired and the watershed or ecosystem is unable to function properly. Component landforms within a watershed are interrelated. For example, the condition of a stream channel is closely related to the condition of its floodplain. Water from upland slopes is transported over and through alluvial fans and bottoms. Therefore, each component landform needs to be considered in the planning process and in setting watershed goals. This paper presents a simple field approach to inventory, evaluate and plan watershed restoration based on geomorphic, hydrologic and ecological principles. Examples of successful use of the approach on several watersheds in Utah, USA are given.
43
Alemayehu, Daniel, Meseret Tadesse, and Mohammed Abdul Athick. "Application of TPI for Analysis of Landforms and LULC of Adama Wereda, Ethiopia." Journal of Geographical Studies 2, no. 2 (June 8, 2019): 100–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.21523/10.21523/gcj5.18020205.
Full textAbstract:
Topographic Position Index (TPI) algorithm is useful for landform classification using Digital Elevation Model (DEM) to identify upper, middle and lower parts of the landscape. Topographic slope positions and landform classifications can be automated and measured by employing the Jenness algorithm based on the Set of Rules in the TPI. Adama Wereda in Ethiopia has been selected to study the different landforms classified using DEM (30m resolution) and Landsat 8 OLI data. Spatial statistics and GIS applications were also used to distinguish the geomorphologic properties of DEM. Adama Wereda encompasses 2.15% of the valley, 33.79% of flat lands, 15.85 % of lower slope, 33.07% of average slope, 12.85% of upper slope and 2.24% of ridges. Nine land use and land cover (LULC) classes, specifically rocky terrain, built up area, forests, water bodies, roads, agriculture, barren land, hill/mountain and fallow land have been analyzed. Landforms of Adama Wereda are ranging from large-scale features such as plains and mountain ranges to minor features such as hills and valleys. The built-up area and agriculture are covering most of the landform classes. U shaped valley was observed in water bodies. The various classifications of TPI and landform can be used in precision agriculture, land-use alteration studies, etc.
44
Haeberli, Wilfried, Lukas U. Arenson, Julie Wee, Christian Hauck, and Nico Mölg. "Discriminating viscous-creep features (rock glaciers) in mountain permafrost from debris-covered glaciers – a commented test at the Gruben and Yerba Loca sites, Swiss Alps and Chilean Andes." Cryosphere 18, no. 4 (April 9, 2024): 1669–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-1669-2024.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Viscous-flow features in perennially frozen talus/debris called rock glaciers are being systematically inventoried as part of the global climate-related monitoring of mountain permafrost. In order to avoid duplication and confusion, guidelines were developed by the International Permafrost Association to discriminate between the permafrost-related landform “rock glacier” and the glacier-related landform “debris-covered glacier”. In two regions covered by detailed field measurements, the corresponding data- and physics-based concepts are tested and shown to be adequate. Key physical aspects which cause the striking morphological and dynamic differences between the two phenomena/landforms concern the following: tight mechanical coupling of the surface material to the frozen rock–ice mixture in the case of rock glaciers, contrasting with essential non-coupling of debris to the glaciers they cover; talus-type advancing fronts of rock glaciers exposing fresh debris material from inside the moving frozen bodies, as opposed to massive surface ice exposed by increasingly rare advancing fronts of debris-covered glaciers; and increasing creep rates and continued advance of rock glaciers as convex landforms with structured surfaces versus predominant slowing down and disintegration of debris-covered glaciers as often concave landforms with primarily chaotic surface structure. Where debris-covered surface ice is or has recently been in contact with thermally controlled subsurface ice in permafrost, complex conditions and interactions can develop morphologies beyond simple either–or-type landform classification. In such cases, the remains of buried surface ice mostly tend to be smaller than the lower size limit of “glaciers” as the term is applied in glacier inventories and to be far thinner than the permafrost in which they are embedded.
45
Nistor, Constantin, Bogdan Mihai, Liviu Toma, and Irina Carlan. "Photogrammetric Modelling for Urban Medieval Site Mapping. A Case Study from Curtea de Argeş, Romania." Quaestiones Geographicae 36, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/quageo-2017-0026.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Detailed mapping of urban historical sites superposed on natural landforms within built-up areas is a real challenge. Digital photogrammetric techniques meet the requirements for mapping archaeological sites within dense built-up areas. The objectives are to reveal the landform value in medieval site development and to analyse its impact on the landforms. The aim of the present study is to highlight the contribution of geomatics technologies for the evaluation and preservation of historical sites using UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) imagery and field photos for 3D modelling. Curtea de Argeş medieval site, established on Argeş River terraces and attested since the 13th century, represents the town core for which the specific methodology was applied.
46
Prokop, Paweł, Małgorzata Kijowska-Strugała, and Łukasz Wiejaczka. "The impact of natural and anthropogenic factors on the landforms and landscapes of mountains and their forelands." Geographia Polonica 96, no. 1 (2023): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.7163/gpol.0242.
Full textAbstract:
This paper is an introduction to a collection of nine studies that are intended to fill the gap in the literature associated with landform development and landscape changes related to natural forces and human activities in the Central European Mountains and their close forelands. The papers are grouped into four general categories that describe the influence of climate on glacial landforms and snow avalanches, the evolution of slopes in high mountains, the development of mid-mountain relief, and changes in fluvial systems in mountains and their forelands. This paper summarises the contributions of these studies to this special issue and attempts to outline possible avenues of future research on landforms and landscapes in mountainous areas.
47
Skentos, Athanasios, and Anagnostopoulou Ourania. "Landform Analysis Using Terrain Attributes. A Gis Application on the Island of Ikaria (Aegean Sea, Greece)." Annals of Valahia University of Targoviste, Geographical Series 17, no. 1 (April 1, 2017): 90–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/avutgs-2017-0009.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The main objective of this study is to classify the landforms of Ikaria Island by conducting morphometric analysis. The whole classification process is based on the calculation of the Topographic Position Index (TPI). The delivered TPI landform classes are spatially correlated with the geology, slope, valley depth and the topographic ruggedness of the island. The results of this study indicate the presence of two distinctive landform units, affected mainly by the local geological setting.
48
Mardiatno, D., M. N. Malawani, M. Y. Iswari, N. Listyaningrum, and K. N. Hafizah. "Morpho-arrangement study of the anthropogenic landform for potential exposure of tsunami hazard identification in parangtritis, yogyakarta." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1089, no. 1 (November 1, 2022): 012019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1089/1/012019.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This research was conducted in the tsunami prone area of Parangtritis, Yogyakarta. The purpose of this study is to classify and analyse the distribution of anthropogenic landforms, as preliminary information to identify the potential exposure to tsunami. The method used in this research is descriptive-comparative, i.e. by comparing the variations of anthropogenic landforms typology within the present management zones (core, restricted, supporting zone). For each zone, the type of human intervention were identified with regard to the following classification: industrogenic, urbanogenic, traffic, agrogenic, water management, tourism, and sports. The anthropogenic landforms are then classified into excavation, planation, and accumulation types. The results of the study were presented in the form of tables and maps of anthropogenic landforms in each management zone. Assessment of the level of exposure to tsunami hazard is carried out qualitatively for each anthropogenic landform in the different management zones. This research revealed that type of intervention in each management zone are varied. The supporting zone and restricted zone have the most complex interventions, i.e. industrogenic, urbanogenic, traffic, water management, tourism, and sports. The excavation, planation, and accumulation forms are very diverse, depend on the people activities in each management zone. A particular human activity in the study area has a certain level of exposure to tsunami hazard. It is necessary to consider for reducing the specific risk to tsunami.
49
Du, Huishi, Jingfa Wang, and Cheng Han. "High-precision remote sensing mapping of aeolian sand landforms based on deep learning algorithms." Open Geosciences 14, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 224–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/geo-2022-0351.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract It is significant to adopt deep learning algorithms and higher-resolution remote sensing images in mapping large-scale and high-precision of aeolian landform. In this study, the western part of Horqin Sandy Land was taken as the study area. Based on the data collected from 2,786 verification points located in sandy land and remote sensing images of high-spectral and spatial resolution Sentinel-1, Sentinel-2, and GDEM (V3), this article made a research on data of large-scale and high-precision mapping classification of this area between 2015 and 2020 by using convolutional neural network deep learning algorithm. The results showed that the types of aeolian sandy landform in the west of Horqin Sandy Land mainly include longitudinal dune, flat sandy land, mild undulating sand land, nest-shaped land, parabolic dune, barchan dune, and dune chain, with an area of 1735.62, 51.32, 251.38, 902.07, 49.57, and 101.63 km2. Among them, longitudinal dune, barchan dune, and dune chain have the largest area, while parabolic dunes and flat sand land are smaller. Between 2015 and 2020, the area of aeolian landforms was reduced by 89.27 km2 and transformed into an oasis from a desert. This study adopted remote sensing data by high-resolution Sentinel and GDEM (V3) and convolutional neural network deep learning algorithm to map the aeolian landforms effectively. The precision of aeolian landform classification and Kappa coefficient in the western part of Horqin Sandy Land is as high as 95.51% and 0.8961. Combined with Sentinel-1, Sentinel-2, and GDEM (V3), the deep learning algorithm based on the convolution neural network can timely and effectively monitor the changes of sand dunes, which can be used for large-scale aeolian landforms.
50
Sharpe, David R. "Late Glacial landforms of Wollaston Peninsula, Victoria Island, Northwest Territories: product of ice-marginal retreat, surge, and mass stagnation." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 25, no. 2 (February 1, 1988): 262–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e88-029.
Full textAbstract:
An analysis of glacial landforms on a regional scale leads to an interpretation of the dynamics of Late Wisconsinan glaciation on Wollaston Peninsula, Victoria Island, Northwest Territories. The glacial record is dominated by four adjacent belts of landforms: (I) ground moraine (till plains and ice-marginal drainage features), (II) hummocky moraine, (III) lateral and shear moraine, and (IV) streamlined landforms. The landform belts are considered as representing four distinct glacial ice conditions or regimes: (1) ice-margin retreat during extending flow of thin, active ice; (2) marginal ice stagnation following compressional flow; (3) a surging ice margin producing massive shear moraines; and (4) large-scale flooding and mass ice stagnation following a surge. These landform belts were arranged in zones by topographically controlled glacial dynamics, the latter two defining a former ice stream.Glaciological inferences can be extended by examining the sediments and processes that produced each landform set. Ground-moraine sediments were produced mainly subglacially from melt out or lodgment of glacial debris. Hummocky moraine resulted from debris flow and meltwater deposition controlled by ice, from resedimentation by sediment gravity flow, and from slump. Compressional shearing stacked thick deposits of drift prior to resedimentation. Simple lateral or end moraines may comprise interbedded sediment gravity flows deposited at static ice margins. Deformed lateral moraines resulted from intense marginal compressive flow that sheared and stacked thick, coarse sediment ridges or plates. This lateral shearing may be attributed to streaming or large ice surges. Drumlin exposures showed undeformed, interbedded, stratified sediments that appear to have accumulated in a subglacial cavity; there is no deformation related to high subglacial stress. Subglacial meltwater floods may have followed glacier surge. The greatly extended and thinner ice mass produced by the surge melted in place as clean (debris-free) ice.