Academic literature on the topic 'Land wars'

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Journal articles on the topic "Land wars"

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Gangopadhyay, Aparajita. "From Land Wars to Gas Wars: Chile–Bolivia Relations and Globalisation." India Quarterly: A Journal of International Affairs 70, no. 2 (May 29, 2014): 139–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0974928414524651.

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Aliaga, Cristian. "The Land ‘Wars’ in Twenty-First Century Patagonia." Journal of Latin American Cultural Studies 28, no. 1 (January 2, 2019): 139–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13569325.2018.1493440.

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Betz, David. "Redesigning Land Forces for Wars Amongst the People." Contemporary Security Policy 28, no. 2 (August 2007): 221–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13523260701489784.

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Loss, Christopher P. "“No Operation in an Academic Ivory Tower”: World War II and the Politics of Social Knowledge." History of Education Quarterly 60, no. 2 (May 2020): 214–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/heq.2020.22.

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America's sprawling system of colleges and universities has been built on the ruins of war. After the American Revolution the cash-strapped central government sold land grants to raise revenue and build colleges and schools in newly conquered lands. During the Civil War, the federal government built on this earlier precedent when it passed the 1862 Morrill Land-Grant College Act, which created the nation's system of publicly supported land-grant colleges. And during Reconstruction, the Freedmen's Bureau, operating under the auspices of the War Department, aided former slaves in creating thousands of schools to help protect their hard-fought freedoms. Not only do “wars make states,” as sociologist Charles Tilly claimed, but wars have also shaped the politics of knowledge in the modern university in powerful and lasting ways.
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Nielsen, Kenneth Bo, and Heather Plumridge Bedi. "The regional identity politics of India’s new land wars: Land, food, and popular mobilisation in Goa and West Bengal." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 49, no. 10 (July 17, 2017): 2324–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308518x17719884.

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India has over the recent decade witnessed a spate of land transfers as Special Economic Zones, extractive industries, or real estate dispossess farmers, land owners, and indigenous groups of their land. As a result, struggles over land have emerged with force in many locations, almost across India. Yet while the political economy and legal aspects of India’s new ‘land wars’ are well documented, the discourses and identities mobilised against large-scale forcible land transfers receive less scholarly attention. We suggest ‘the regional identity politics’ of India’s current land wars to explain the important role of place-based identities in garnering broad, public support for popular anti-dispossession movements. We explore how land, and its produce, are mobilised by anti-dispossession movements in the Indian states of Goa and West Bengal. The movements mobilised land and food not as emblematic of structural changes in the political economy, but first and foremost within a symbolic field in which they came to stand metaphorically for regional forms of belonging and identity under threat. While reinforcing regional solidarity, these identities also contributed to the fragmented and often highly localised nature of India’s current land wars, while also potentially disrupting efforts to sustain organising in the long term.
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Burenok, V. M., R. A. Durnev, and K. Yu Kryukov. "LAND WARS OF THE FUTURE: EXPERIENCE OF FUTUROLOGICAL ANALYSIS." Innovatics and Expert Examination, no. 27 (2019): 236–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.35264/1996-2274-2019-2-236-244.

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The results of the futurological analysis of future land wars are presented. It has been determined that at the strategic level, cyber wars will be waged, as well as e-struggle for resource management. The operational-strategic level will be characterized by the use of long-range high-precision weapons systems for objects of the economy. The tactical level will be characterized by the massive use of autonomous lethal weapons systems, as well as individual military personnel with increased psychophysical capabilities.
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Peres, Zsuzsanna. "Land Politics in Hungary between the Two World Wars." Krakowskie Studia z Historii Państwa i Prawa 4 (2011): 95–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/20844131ks.12.008.0509.

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Land Politics in Hungary between the Two World Wars The paper discusses the Hungarian legislation that regulated the ownership referring to real property in the period between the World Wars. The discussion included also the review of the law on colonization and division of the land, as well as the law on bank loans offered to those who were professionally engaged in farming. In addition, the authoress made an analysis of the archaic institution of fideicomissum. While depicting the background of legislative efforts of the time, the authoress recalled the developments that took place prior to the discussed changes in the ownership relationships. Therefore she discussed also the 19th century reforms that abolished serfdom and serf labour, introduced the land and mortgage register etc.
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Sharrad, Paul. "Struggle and strategy: Literature and New Zealand's land wars*." Wasafiri 12, no. 25 (March 1997): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02690059708589522.

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Nielsen, Kenneth Bo, Siddharth Sareen, and Patrik Oskarsson. "The Politics of Caste in India’s New Land Wars." Journal of Contemporary Asia 50, no. 5 (February 18, 2020): 684–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00472336.2020.1728780.

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Nielsen, Kenneth Bo. "The everyday politics of India’s “land wars” in rural eastern India." Focaal 2016, no. 75 (June 1, 2016): 105–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/fcl.2016.750108.

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The large-scale transfer of land from rural communities to private corporations has become a defining feature of India’s development trajectory. These land transfers have given rise to a multitude of new “land wars” as dispossessed groups have struggled to retain their land. Yet while much has been written about the political economy of development that underpins this new form of dispossession, the ways in which those threatened with dispossession have sought to mobilize have to a lesser extent been subject to close ethnographic scrutiny. This article argues that an “everyday politics” perspective can enhance our understanding of India’s new land wars, using a case from Singur as the starting point. The agenda is twofold. I show how everyday life domains and sociopolitical relations pertaining to caste, class, gender, and party political loyalty were crucial to the making of the Singur movement and its politics. Second, by analyzing the movement in processual terms, I show how struggles over land can be home to a multitude of political meanings and aspirations as participants seek to use new political forums to resculpt everyday sociopolitical relations.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Land wars"

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Medeiros, Anthony III. "Land wars : the political economy of Nigeria's displacement crisis." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/105061.

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Thesis: M.C.P., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, 2016.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 83-88).
"They were burning our houses in the night. We lost everything. Then the policeman came, and the people thought they were here for our security. Until they started shooting." - Resident of Ilu Birin, Lagos, Nigeria. Evicted to make room for a luxury high-rise. By all accounts, the world has entered a modern displacement crisis. Unprecedented millions have been uprooted from their homes by armed conflict, disaster, and land grabs. The traumatic impact of forced displacement is well documented. Yet the initial displacing event is typically only the beginning. Once displaced persons are forced out, they encounter a maze of institutional arrangements that will determine their fate. National and state borders, decades-old international conventions, land and property regimes, and the varied logics of humanitarian response all circumscribe the experience of displacement. These institutions govern assistance allocations, the prospects for legal redress, and even who lives and dies. With the stakes so high, we are compelled to ask: do these existing mechanisms correctly identify and protect the most vulnerable? In this thesis I examine Nigeria's forced migration epidemic as an illustrative case. Nigeria faces twin displacement crises. The Boko Haram insurgency in the northeast has displaced more than 2.3 million people, both internally and across national borders. Meanwhile, development projects have displaced another estimated 2 million. The conflictinduced migration is well-documented in secondary literature. This study complements it through fieldwork in ten communities displaced by development projects in Lagos, Port Harcourt, and Ogoniland. Victims of land grabs and forced evictions in Nigeria face violence, homelessness, joblessness, family separation, food insecurity, increased disease morbidity, and disruptions to children's education. Through a comparison of the institutional responses to this crisis, I interrogate existing displacement governance regimes, and begin to evaluate possible alternatives.
by Anthony Medeiros, III.
M.C.P.
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Arrah, Moise Oneke. "A Gift of Nature and the Source of Violent Conflict: Land and Boundary Disputes in the North West Region of Cameroon The Case of BaliKumbat and Bafanji." Diss., NSUWorks, 2015. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/shss_dcar_etd/109.

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Balikumbat and Bafanji are the names of two villages in the Northwest Region of Cameroon that have been warring against one another over Bangang, a tract of fertile land. The conflict hinges on perceived differences about who should have access to this fertile land. Both villages claim ownership. This conflict has persisted from colonial times to the present with no tangible resolution. Understanding the place of land within the political, social, and economic fabric of the lives of both villages prior to and after the arrival of the colonial administration is the centerpiece of this research endeavor. This study sheds light on why the conflict persists. The land tenure decree of 1973, which was later promulgated into Cameroon law in 1984, is the most recent attempt at resolving disputes over land. It did not resolve this conflict. A clash of cultures between the indigenous population and the European colonizers may have triggered a legacy of land conflict between these two communities. This study unravels and seeks to explain when the Balikumbat and Bafanji villages transitioned from being two loving neighbors, capable of sharing their use of and kinship to the land, to hostile enemies ready to fight and kill one another at the earliest opportunity. In this study, interviews, observations, journal intakes, field notes, as well as document reviews, are pivotal tools used in justifying the claims highlighted in the research.
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Troutman, Philip Parke. "San Diego growth wars : a critique of public participation in California land use politics /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC IP addresses, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3142450.

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Chambers, Peter Robert. "For want of land : a study of land settlement in the Outer Hebrides, Skye and Raasay between the two World Wars." Thesis, University of the Highlands and Islands, 2013. https://pure.uhi.ac.uk/portal/en/studentthesis/for-want-of-land(e25476d1-41bc-4ebf-b28a-d4254b3cf8c4).html.

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The study analyses, in unprecedented detail, land settlement schemes in the Outer Hebrides, Skye and Raasay between the two world wars. Land settlement is a world-wide phenomenon, which in the context of this research involves the examination of the creation of new crofts and the enlargement of existing ones from the breaking up of farms and estates. Crofting is a system of landholding unique to large parts of the Highlands and Islands of Scotland. The Outer Hebrides, Skye and Raasay comprised the heartland of land settlement activity during the inter-war period and represent the area in the Highlands and Islands most heavily influenced by the process – but have attracted relatively little detailed research attention on the topic to date. The years from 1919 to 1939 saw land settlement activity at its peak and the greatest number of new smallholdings created and existing ones enlarged. The research breaks new ground by being the first to focus on the important planning and implementation phases of land settlement schemes. This increases our knowledge of how land settlement legislation and policies were translated into action on the ground. In so doing the study highlights the main issues and challenges that arose at both stages of the process and key influences that shaped them. It demonstrates how the various facets and consequences of land settlement varied within and between islands. A number of research questions are addressed, including what influence land settlement activity had on settlement patterns and what issues did it raise in relation to crofting communities, landowners and government officials. It illustrates, for the first time, the importance of infrastructure provision (especially township roads) for the wellbeing and long term sustainability of the new crofting communities created by land settlement schemes. The highly detailed examination of the evidence from the Hebridean schemes, using a wide variety of documentary and other published sources, throws new light on the positive contribution of land settlement to the general condition and standard of living of the islands during the inter-war period.
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Rubio, Berdejo Solange. "This Land: A media analysis of Latinx representation in ‘woke’ advertising." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22789.

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It seems as of late the most acclaimed advertising campaigns have found a formula to commodify the politically correct through what has come to be described as “woke advertising”. This winning strategy has won public appeal for connecting with an ever-evolving audience that is young, diverse and liberal. Specifically, newcomer agency, Anomaly, has publicly proclaimed themselves as the “change-agent” in the space of advertising, capitalizing on the culture wars by positioning themselves as the leading advertising experts in challenging societal stereotypes and biases. This is a case study that explores one of Anomaly’s 2016 campaigns for Johnnie Walker, “Keep Walking America”, as they attempt to engage in cultural politics with the Latinx community during a period of heightened political tension for immigrant populations. Through a Social Semiotics analysis and postcolonial criticism, the focus of this thesis is to explore how Johnnie Walker leveraged woke capital and consequently attempted to represent the lived experiences of marginalized groups whose stories are generally silenced.
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Gebremichael, Mesfin. "Federalism and Conflict Management in Ethiopia. Case Study of Benishangul-Gumuz Regional State." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5388.

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In 1994 Ethiopia introduced a federal system of government as a national level approach to intra-state conflict management. Homogenisation of cultures and languages by the earlier regimes led to the emergence of ethno-national movements and civil wars that culminated in the collapse of the unitary state in 1991. For this reason, the federal system that recognises ethnic groups' rights is the first step in transforming the structural causes of civil wars in Ethiopia. Against this background this research examines whether the federal arrangement has created an enabling environment in managing conflicts in the country. To understand this problematic, the thesis conceptualises and analyses federalism and conflict management using a qualitative research design based on in-depth interviewing and content-based thematic analysis - taking the case study of the Benishangul-Gumuz regional state. The findings of the study demonstrate that different factors hinder the federal process. First, the constitutional focus on ethnic groups' rights has led, in practice, to lessened attention to citizenship and minority rights protection in the regional states. Second, the federal process encourages ethnic-based elite groups to compete in controlling regional and local state powers and resources. This has greatly contributed to the emergence of ethnic-based violent conflicts, hostile intergovernmental relationships and lack of law and order along the common borders of the regional states. Third, the centralised policy and decision making process of the ruling party has hindered genuine democratic participation of citizens and self-determination of the ethnic groups. This undermines the capacity of the regional states and makes the federal structure vulnerable to the dynamics of political change. The conflicts in Benishangul-Gumuz emanate from these causes, but lack of territorial land use rights of the indigenous people and lack of proportional political representation of the non-indigenous people are the principal manifestations. The research concludes by identifying the issues that determine the sustainability of the federal structure. Some of them include: making constitutional amendments which consider citizenship rights and minority rights protection; enhancing the democratic participation of citizens by developing the capacities of the regional states and correcting the organisational weakness of the multi-national political parties; encouraging co-operative intergovernmental relationships, and maintaining the territorial land use rights of the Benishangul-Gumuz indigenous people.
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LaMartina, Joshua. "Mitigating land and place : Fifth Ward." Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/1476.

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Wagenaar, E. J. C. "A history of the Thembu and their relationship with the Cape, 1850-1900." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002422.

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Present day Thembuland is situated roughly between the Mthatha and Kei rivers. It lies within the south-western portion of the political unit which has been known since 1976 as the Republic of Transkei. It comprises the territories formerly known as Emigrant Thembuland (now the districts of Cala and Cofimvaba) and Thembuland Proper, i.e. the districts of Mqanduli, Umtata, Engcobo and Bomvanaland. We have evidence that Thembu people had already settled in Thembu land Proper, at the Mbashe river, by the beginning of the 17th century. Pioneering clans many have entered the territory at a much earlier date. In the 1830's some clans broke away from the Mbashe settlement, and moved to the region of present day Queenstown. In 1853 their lands were included in the so-called Tambookie Location, which in 1871 became the district of Glen Grey. Emigrant Thembuland came into existence in 1865 when four chiefs from Glen Grey accepted Sir Philip Wodehouse's offer to settle on the lands across the White Kei whence the Xhosa chief Sarhili had been expelled in 1857. This thesis deals with the history of the people who lived in these territories between 1850 and 1900.
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Gibson, Glen R. "War and Agriculture: Three Decades of Agricultural Land Use and Land Cover Change in Iraq." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27671.

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The main objective of this dissertation was to assess whether cultivated area in Iraq, as estimated using satellite remote sensing, changed during and as a result of war and sanctions. The first study used MODIS NDVI data during OIF and the end of UN sanctions to study changes in cultivated area for Iraq as a whole and to identify spatial patterns. The results revealed significant changes in cultivated area for Iraq as a whole, with cultivated area decreasing over 35,000 ha per year. Regionally, there was little change in cultivated area in northern governorates in the Kurdish Autonomous Region, significant decreases in governorates in central Iraq, and initial increases in governorates containing the southern marshlands followed by decreases related to drought. The second study used Landsat images converted to NDVI to study changes in cultivated area in central Iraq for four periods of conflict, and relates those changes to effects on food security. The results indicated that cultivated area changed little between the Iran-Iraq War (1980 to 1988) and the Gulf War (1990 to 1991), increased by 20 percent (from 1.72 to 2.04 Mha) during the period of United Nations sanctions (1990 to 2003), and dropped to below pre-sanction levels (1.40 Mha) during Operation Iraqi Freedom (2003 to 2011). Finally, the third study builds on findings from the second study to address patterns of agricultural land abandonment in central Iraq. The largest areas of abandoned land were those cultivated during the Late Sanctions period (2000-2003). Further, the results indicate that proximity to surface water and roads are strong indicators of continuity of agricultural land use, and that abandoned lands are positioned in peripheral regions more distant from surface water and the transportation grid. We also found that surface soil salinity is increasing in the cultivated lands of central Iraq, regardless of whether it was cultivated during every period or during only a single period. The overall findings indicate that the UN sanctions had the greatest impact on cultivated area, which increased during sanctions, when food imports all but ceased, and then decreased after sanctions ended and food imports resumed.
Ph. D.
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Clayton, Nichola Wendy Margaret. "Free land and free labour : debates over confiscation and land redustribution during the American Civil War." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.505423.

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During the 1860s, federal intervention to alter patterns of southern landholding was a distinct possibility, but ultimately land redistribution lay outside the boundaries of the post-Civil War settlement. This thesis examines the evolution of wartime attitudes both towards confiscation, and to the related policy question' of how to transform four million ex-slaves into effective free workers. During the second half of the war these two issues became increasingly intertwined, as Republicans were prompted, by re-evaluations of British West Indian emancipation and the trajectory of free labour experiments in the Union-occupied South, to regard the freedmen as potentially effective free labourers and independent farmers. Despite a surge in support for confiscation in early 1864, political and legal obstacles continued to prevent the adoption of a radical and permanent policy towards southern lands. The prospect of former slaves as landowners also met with conflicting responses. Some argued that economic independence was the most effective stimulus to the freedmen's, acceptance of free labour mores, while others believed that access to land brought with it too much freedom: fr~ed slaves could only be brought to intemalise the values of hard work, ambition and self-reliance through wage labour under the supervision and guidance of whites. These two approaches to post-emancipation policy, along with attitudes towards the broader question of confiscation, reveal that free labour ideology was being contested even before the end of the war, and had begun to fracture prior to the political and social conflicts of Reconstruction. Furthermore, the steps which Republicans had taken to provide ex-slaves with access to land demonstrated the appeal of the arguments developed by supporters of land redistribution, but also revealed the persistent power of the more conservative, wagelabour centred position.
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Books on the topic "Land wars"

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Keenan, Danny. Wars without end: The land wars in nineteenth century New Zealand. Auckland, N.Z: Penguin Books, 2009.

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J, Flavell Robert, and Fox Patrick F, eds. NIMBY wars: The politics of land use. Hingham, Mass: Saint University Press, 2009.

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Matthew, Wright. Two peoples, one land: The New Zealand wars. Auckland: Reed Books, 2006.

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Institute, Pennsylvania Bar. Property wars: Land development and property rights litigation. [Mechanicsburg, Pa.]: Pennsylvania Bar Institute, 2012.

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Ekpu, A. O. O. The pernicious wars for land: What hope for armistice? Ekpoma, Nigeria: Ambrose Alli University Publishing House, 2013.

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Ballara, Angela. Taua: 'musket wars', 'land wars' or tikanga? : warfare in Māori society in the early nineteenth century. Auckland, N.Z: Penguin Books, 2003.

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Holy wars: 3,000 years of battles in the Holy Land. Havertown, PA: Casemate Publishers, 2013.

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A land afflicted: Scotland and the Covenanter Wars, 1638-1690. Edinburgh: J. Donald Publishers, 1998.

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Women on the land: Their story during two world wars. Cambridge: Lutterworth Press, 1990.

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Rashba, Gary L. Holy wars: 3,000 years of battles in the Holy Land. Havertown, Pa: Casemate, 2011.

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Book chapters on the topic "Land wars"

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Esdaile, Charles J. "Patriots, Partisans and Land Pirates in Retrospect." In Popular Resistance in the French Wars, 1–24. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230522992_1.

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Schürmann, Bernd. "LANs und WANs." In Rechnerverbindungsstrukturen, 260–353. Wiesbaden: Vieweg+Teubner Verlag, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-86837-4_5.

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"BIBLIOGRAPHY." In Land Wars, 201–10. Stanford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781503609525-011.

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"INDEX." In Land Wars, 211–22. Stanford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781503609525-012.

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"3. DIVIDING." In Land Wars, 72–99. Stanford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781503609525-005.

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"APPENDIX. Major Land Laws and Rural Campaigns." In Land Wars, 167–68. Stanford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781503609525-009.

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"NOTES." In Land Wars, 169–200. Stanford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781503609525-010.

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"INTRODUCTION. The Story of Mao’s Revolution." In Land Wars, 1–26. Stanford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781503609525-002.

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"PREFACE." In Land Wars, ix—xvi. Stanford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781503609525-001.

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"4. STRUGGLING." In Land Wars, 100–129. Stanford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781503609525-006.

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Conference papers on the topic "Land wars"

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Donia, Robert. "The Forgotten Thousands: The Historiography of World War II Rescues of Allied Airmen in Yugoslavia." In Međunaordna naučno-kulturološka konferencija “Istoriografija o BiH (2001–2017 )”. Academy of Sciences and Arts of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5644/pi2020.186.11.

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During World War II, Allied bombing of German-controlled petroleum refineries in Ploesti, Romania, diminished Axis fuel production but cost the Allies hundreds of planes and thousands of lives. Crews of many damaged planes flew partway back to Italy but were forced to crash-land their craft or bail out over Yugoslavia, where many landed on territory controlled by Partisans or Chetniks. Local Yugoslavs (mainly peasants), as well as both Chetniks and Partisans, welcomed them and gave them shelter. They were then evacuated by Allied transport aircraft (principally C-47s) that landed on makeshift airstrips maintained by Partisans or Chetniks. The historiography of these rescues may be divided into document-based studies, prepared principally by US military personnel based on official records; and memory-based studies by pro-Mihailović authors based principally on participant memoirs. Whereas memory-based studies uniformly adopted a Serb nationalist viewpoint, document-based studies showed no favoritism and portrayed various factions working in parallel to rescue Allied airmen. After Milošević fell in 2000, the Foreign Minister of Serbia and Montenegro, Vuk Drašković, in cooperation with the US Embassy, united the movement to valorize downed airmen and local efforts to rehabilitate Mihailović. Whether deliberately or not, US officials thereby undercut human rights activists in Serbia, and non-Serbs throughout the former Yugoslavia, who saw Mihailović as a war criminal, collaborator, and inspiration for war crimes and genocide in the wars of the 1990s.
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Alexandrova, Anna Alexandrovna, and Alexander Arkadevich Sidorov. "ECOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC CONDITION OF LAND AND WAYS TO IMPROVE IT IN THE VOLZHSKY MUNICIPAL DISTRICT OF THE SAMARA REGION." In Russian science: actual researches and developments. Samara State University of Economics, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46554/russian.science-2020.03-1-608/612.

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The article provides information about the structure and condition of the lands of the Volzhsky municipal district of the Samara region. Gross and specific parameters of pollutants, waste water, and waste generation are shown (2014-2018). To improve the condition of land, projects are proposed to reduce emissions, waste, discharges, reduce the area of waterlogged land, audit abandoned hydraulic structures and put them on balance; organization of relief, Bank protection, anti-landslide and ravine protection works; reduction of areas of deflation-dangerous and washed away land; restoration and increase of forest cover of the territory.
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Tsivka, K., Aleksandr Popov, M. Hafez, M. Rashad, and Natalya Kovaleva. "MAIN WAYS TO OPTIMIZE THE CULTIVATED PLANT PRODUCTIVITY ON LAND LIABLE TO DEGRADATION." In Land Degradation and Desertification: Problems of Sustainable Land Management and Adaptation. LLC MAKS Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m1684.978-5-317-06490-7/96-100.

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The purpose of this publication was to describe the main ways to optimize the productive process of cultivated plants on land subject to degradation. There are three kinds of correction: physical, chemical and biological. Biological correction is new way to optimize the production process of crops, which is a set of methods of directive effect on plant biology. The key points and essence of biological correction are considered. One of the most effective and economically justified methods of biological correction of plant productivity is non-root treatment of crops by humic substances (HSs) solutions, especially those containing essential macro-and microelements. Such treatments can reduce the negative effects of projected global climate change (excessive UV-B radiation, drought, etc.) on agricultural plants. As confirmation, the results of a field experiment conducted in the arid territory of Egypt are presented. Means of biological correction, such as: Azospirillum sp., vermicompost and HSs solutions (without and with trace elements) were very effective, they increased (more than 2.5 times!) the yield of wheat grain. Thus, to obtain a consistently high crop yield on land subject to degradation, especially in changing climatic conditions, it is necessary to apply three kinds of correction: physical, chemical and biological. Both physical correction and chemical one create the necessary conditions for the growth and development of plants, and biological correction "forces" plants to show their reserve functions, contributing to an additional increase in crop yield.
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Ohno, Yohei, Koji Kikuhara, Akemi Ito, Masatsugu Inui, and Hirotaka Akamatsu. "A Study on the Effect of Pressure Balance Between the Second and Third Land of a Piston on Engine Oil Consumption." In ASME 2014 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2014-5631.

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Engine oil consumption causes particulate matter, poisoning of catalysts, abnormal combustion like pre-ignition in a gasoline engine, and an increase in customer’s running cost. Oil consumption, therefore, must be reduced. It is well known that pressure at a piston second land sometimes becomes larger than the cylinder pressure in the latter half of the expansion stroke. Larger pressure at the second land causes an increase in engine oil consumption. For reducing the second land pressure, increasing volume of a piston second land is one of design schemes. Pressure at a piston second land is calculated in piston design stage. In the calculation, pressure at a piston third land is assumed as same as pressure at the crankcase. This study aimed the effect of volume of the third land of a piston on engine oil consumption. The third and the second lands pressure were measured using an optical fiber type pressure sensor. It was found that the third land pressure showed a quite different trend from the crankcase pressure. It was also found that the pressure balance between the second land and the third land affected engine oil consumption. It was suggested that the third land pressure should be considered in the calculation for lands pressure of a piston and further investigation on third land design for reducing engine oil consumption may be required.
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Shen, Zhenzhou, Wenyi Yao, Zhanbin Li, Peiqing Xiao, Mian Li, and Jishan Yang. "Driving force characteristic under different Land use ways slope." In 2011 International Conference on New Technology of Agricultural Engineering (ICAE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icae.2011.5943809.

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War, Jan C. "Land based temperate species mariculture in warm tropical Hawaii." In OCEANS 2011. IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/oceans.2011.6107220.

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Bergman, Larry A., and Steve Monacos. "High-speed computing, LANs, and WANs." In Critical Review Collection. SPIE, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.192214.

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Pyzhykova, Natalia I. "Ways To Increase The Grant Support Efficiency For Peasant Farms." In Conference on Land Economy and Rural Studies Essentials. European Publisher, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2021.07.36.

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Mazurkin, Peter, and Ekaterina Efimova. "DYNAMIC COEFFICIENT FOR 50 YEARS OF AREA BY CATEGORIES OF THE LAND CADASTER OF THE VOLGA MUNICIPALITY OF THE REPUBLIC OF MARIY EL." In GEOLINKS Conference Proceedings. Saima Consult Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/geolinks2021/b2/v3/06.

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In territorial planning and forecasting in the conditions of Russia, it is necessary to take into account the coefficients of dynamism of the area of all lands and by categories of the cadastre. On the example of the Volzhsky district of the Republic of Mari El, it can be seen that agricultural lands have contradictory three fluctuations, which decrease in amplitude until 2070. The largest number of fluctuations over 50 years occurred for two categories of lands: 3 - industrial lands (9 wavelets), 7 - stock (8 fluctuations). The maxima in modulus of the dynamism coefficient are as follows: Category 1 - 0.0799 in 1992; 2 - 0.0177 in 1976; 3 - 0.2384 in 1998; 4 - 0.0018 in 2000; 5 - 0.2714 in 1992; 6 - 0.0160 in 1999; 7 - 6.4204 in 2020; all lands of the Volzhsky region of the RME - 0.0135 in 1977. The most dynamic are stock lands. For agricultural land since 1970, there has been a constant half-life of 5.09737 years. In Russia, the Soviet system of land use in agriculture was preserved, and it was aimed at increasing dynamism. In this case, the first and third fluctuations are directed against (negative sign) the growth of the dynamism coefficient. Not enough attention is paid to the dynamics of agricultural land. The third wave will slow down: 1970 with a period of 4.7 years, in 2020 - 4.3 years, and according to the forecast by 2070 - 3.9 years. Such an increase in vibration frequency is already dangerous. Wavelets # 1 and # 4 of stock lands dynamism become especially dangerous, as they strongly influence the future. Stock wavelets # 3, # 5-7 are a thing of the past. And the rest of the wavelets will continue after 2020. Therefore, stock lands require special attention
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Braun, Torsten, and Martin Maehler. "Implementation of virtual LANs over ATM WANs." In SYBEN-Broadband European Networks and Electronic Image Capture and Publishing, edited by Stephan Fischer, Ralf Steinmetz, Heinrich J. Stuettgen, Harmen R. van As, and Roberto Vercelli. SPIE, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.321906.

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Reports on the topic "Land wars"

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Ackerson, Judith C. Holy Wars: An Operational Analysis of Israel's Early Battles for the Promised Land. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada279504.

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Freier, Nathan. Small Wars 2.0: A Working Paper on Land Force Planning After Iraq and Afghanistan. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada537385.

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Jacobson, Brian. Unified Land Operations in World War I and the Anglo-Irish War. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada611618.

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Magotsi, Doreen, Linet Khalumba, William Onura Akwanyi, and Violet Shivutse. Community-led Land Lease Guidelines - Isukha West Ward, Shinyalu Sub-County, Kakamega County. TMG Research gGmbH, September 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.35435/3.2018.1.

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Magotsi, Doreen, William Onura Akwanyi, Violet Shivutse, and Serah Kiragu-Wissler. Community-led Land Lease Guidelines - Isukha Central Ward, Shinyalu Sub-County, Kakamega County. TMG Research gGmbH, September 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.35435/3.2018.2.

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Oswalt, Christopher M. Tennessee's forest land area was stable 1999-2005 but early successional forest area declined. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/srs-rn-15.

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Oswalt, Christopher M. Tennessee's forest land area was stable 1999-2005 but early successional forest area declined. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/srs-rn-15.

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Suhartono, Suhartono, Agoes Soegianto, and Achmad Amzeri. Mapping of land potentially for maize plant in Madura Island-Indonesia using remote sensing data and geographic information systems (GIS). EM International, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21107/amzeri.2020.1.

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Maize productivity in Indonesia was still low (5.241 tons/ha) compared to the average of the ten largest maize producing countries in the world (6.179 tons/ha). The potential for maize on the island of Madura is approximately 360,000 hectares. The potential for maize cultivation in Madura continues to decrease in land quality due to improper land clearing and land-use change. The purpose of this research was to make a map of land suitability for maize using Remote Sensing Data and Geographic Information System (GIS). The land suitability method for maize plants used satellite imagery as a data source, supported by fieldwork and secondary data. Data analysis using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The results of the analysis of land suitability modeling based on agroecosystem potential found that most of the Madura area was suitable for maize cultivation. Madura island had a land area of 456,622.3ha for maize cultivation, where 170.379.5 (15.4%) was very appropriate, 211.412.3 ha (46.3%) was appropriate, 160,098.6 (35.1%) was less appropriate, and 14,732.0 ha (3.2%) was not appropriate.
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Hostetler, Steven, Cathy Whitlock, Bryan Shuman, David Liefert, Charles Wolf Drimal, and Scott Bischke. Greater Yellowstone climate assessment: past, present, and future climate change in greater Yellowstone watersheds. Montana State University, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15788/gyca2021.

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The Greater Yellowstone Area (GYA) is one of the last remaining large and nearly intact temperate ecosystems on Earth (Reese 1984; NPSa undated). GYA was originally defined in the 1970s as the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, which encompassed the minimum range of the grizzly bear (Schullery 1992). The boundary was enlarged through time and now includes about 22 million acres (8.9 million ha) in northwestern Wyoming, south central Montana, and eastern Idaho. Two national parks, five national forests, three wildlife refuges, 20 counties, and state and private lands lie within the GYA boundary. GYA also includes the Wind River Indian Reservation, but the region is the historical home to several Tribal Nations. Federal lands managed by the US Forest Service, the National Park Service, the Bureau of Land Management, and the US Fish and Wildlife Service amount to about 64% (15.5 million acres [6.27 million ha] or 24,200 square miles [62,700 km2]) of the land within the GYA. The federal lands and their associated wildlife, geologic wonders, and recreational opportunities are considered the GYA’s most valuable economic asset. GYA, and especially the national parks, have long been a place for important scientific discoveries, an inspiration for creativity, and an important national and international stage for fundamental discussions about the interactions of humans and nature (e.g., Keiter and Boyce 1991; Pritchard 1999; Schullery 2004; Quammen 2016). Yellowstone National Park, established in 1872 as the world’s first national park, is the heart of the GYA. Grand Teton National Park, created in 1929 and expanded to its present size in 1950, is located south of Yellowstone National Park1 and is dominated by the rugged Teton Range rising from the valley of Jackson Hole. The Gallatin-Custer, Shoshone, Bridger-Teton, Caribou-Targhee, and Beaverhead-Deerlodge national forests encircle the two national parks and include the highest mountain ranges in the region. The National Elk Refuge, Red Rock Lakes National Wildlife Refuge, and Grays Lake National Wildlife Refuge also lie within GYA.
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Statham, Dawn S., Monie Smith, and Ric Holmes. Understanding Cultural Landmines in the Balkans: How the Land and Its History Have Kept a People at War. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada404819.

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