Journal articles: 'Land use Victoria Anglesea'

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Buxton, M., N. Y. Osman-Schlegel, and D. Lopes. "Soil moisture change and land use in Victoria, Australia." Australasian Journal of Environmental Management 23, no. 3 (May 19, 2016): 265–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14486563.2016.1179226.

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Katusiime, Juliet, Brigitta Schütt, and Noah Mutai. "The relationship of land tenure, land use and land cover changes in Lake Victoria basin." Land Use Policy 126 (March 2023): 106542. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2023.106542.

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Hill, R. J., B. A. Wilson, J. E. Rookes, and D. M. Cahill. "Use of high resolution digital multi-spectral imagery to assess the distribution of disease caused byPhytophthora cinnamomion heathland at Anglesea, Victoria." Australasian Plant Pathology 38, no. 2 (2009): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ap08092.

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William, Alex. "Assessment of Urbanization Implications in Water Management around Lake Victoria: Case Study Mwanza." Journal of Water Resources, Engineering, Management and Policy 1, no. 1 (December 28, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.56542/mow.jwempo.1.1.2.

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This study assesses urbanization implications in water management around Lake Victoria in Mwanza. The study was conducted in Nyamagana and Misungwi districts by the use of data collected from April 2020 to June 2021. A total of 200 respondents participated in this study. The findings showed that, urbanization which is associated with various socio-economic activities caused destruction and pollution of water sources and the general ecosystem around Lake Victoria ecosystem. It concluded that, there was a direct relationship between urbanizations, pollution and degradation of the physical environment around Lake Victoria. The study recommended that land use plan and management must be applied to mobilize, facilitate and motivate local community based groups for participatory waste and overall water and land resources management around Lake Victoria basin

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Musamba, Emmanuel B., Yonika M. Ngaga, Emmanuel K. Boon, and Richard A. Giliba. "Impact of Socio-economic Activities around Lake Victoria: Land Use and Land Use Changes in Musoma Municipality, Tanzania." Journal of Human Ecology 35, no. 3 (September 2011): 143–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09709274.2011.11906400.

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BOON, S., and J. R. DODSON. "Environmental response to land use at Lake Curlip, East Gippsland, Victoria." Australian Geographical Studies 30, no. 2 (October 1992): 206–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8470.1992.tb00742.x.

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Shojaei, D., H. Olfat, M. Briffa, and A. Rajabifard. "3D DIGITAL CADASTRE JOURNEY IN VICTORIA, AUSTRALIA." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences IV-4/W5 (October 23, 2017): 117–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-iv-4-w5-117-2017.

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Land development processes today have an increasing demand to access three-dimensional (3D) spatial information. Complex land development may need to have a 3D model and require some functions which are only possible using 3D data. Accordingly, the Intergovernmental Committee on Surveying and Mapping (ICSM), as a national body in Australia provides leadership, coordination and standards for surveying, mapping and national datasets has developed the Cadastre 2034 strategy in 2014. This strategy has a vision to develop a cadastral system that enables people to readily and confidently identify the location and extent of all rights, restrictions and responsibilities related to land and real property. In 2014, the land authority in the state of Victoria, Australia, namely Land Use Victoria (LUV), has entered the challenging area of designing and implementing a 3D digital cadastre focused on providing more efficient and effective services to the land and property industry. LUV has been following the ICSM 2034 strategy which requires developing various policies, standards, infrastructures, and tools. Over the past three years, LUV has mainly focused on investigating the technical aspect of a 3D digital cadastre. This paper provides an overview of the 3D digital cadastre investigation progress in Victoria and discusses the challenges that the team faced during this journey. It also addresses the future path to develop an integrated 3D digital cadastre in Victoria.

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Onyango, Dancan Otieno, Christopher O. Ikporukpo, John O. Taiwo, and Stephen B. Opiyo. "Land Use and Land Cover Change as an Indicator of Watershed Urban Development in the Kenyan Lake Victoria Basin." International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning 16, no. 2 (April 23, 2021): 335–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.160213.

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The socio-economic and ecological value of Lake Victoria is threatened by significant regional development and urbanization. This study analyzed spatial-temporal land use/land cover changes in the Kenyan Lake Victoria basin from 1978–2018 using Landsat 3, 4-5 and 8 imagery, with a view to identifying the extent and potential impacts of urbanization on the basin. Supervised image classification was undertaken following the Maximum Likelihood algorithm to generate land use/land cover maps at ten-year intervals. Results indicate that the basin is characterized by six main land use/land cover classes namely, agricultural land, water bodies, grasslands and vegetation, bare land, forests and built-up areas. Further, the results indicate that the basin has experienced net increases in built-up areas (+97.56%), forests (+17.30%) and agricultural land (+3.54%) over the last 40 years. During the same period, it experienced net losses in grassland and vegetation (-37.36%), bare land (-9.28%) and water bodies (-2.19%). Generally, the changing landscapes in the basin are characterized by conversion of natural environments to built-up environments and driven by human activities, urban populations and public policy decisions. The study therefore recommends the establishment of a land use system that creates a balance between the ecological realm and sustainable development.

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Mansergh, Ian. "North central Victoria – climate change and land-use: potentials for third century in a timeless land." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 122, no. 2 (2010): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rs10024.

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For the 21st century, scenarios of future climate under global warming suggest that Bassian-Eyrean bioclimatic region of northern Victoria, centred on the North Central Catchment Management Authority (NCCMA), will become markedly warmer and drier. Significant climate change is a real possibility midcentury and some basic bio-physical attributes underpinning the current ecology, land-use and management will be altered. Societal adaptation to climate change will include enhancing landscape resilience and changes to the mix of inter-related ecosystem services. The increasing understanding of these inter-relationships will allow for the creation of a more holistic quantification and production of landscape services. In combination, these challenge the past land-use paradigm on the driest, inhabited continent. Following the mid-19th century gold rushes, land-use in the NCCMA represented the epitome of the colonial land-use paradigm through clearing for agriculture and pastoralism. Victoria has long had the highest percentage private land of any Australian state. The NCCMA catchment is the most denuded of native vegetation, with the smallest percentage of public land and conservation reserves, and is now the centre of a continental concentration of bioregions under high environmental stress. The original primacy of agriculture was fulfilled, sometimes under adverse circumstances, but resultant landscape legacies persist within the relative economic decline of Australian agriculture. The amelioration of these within a future land stewardship that is water-stressed, carbon constrained and prone to extreme weather events is a major challenge. Exploring landscape adaptation, the simple questions arise: From what? To what? This contribution examines broad land-use in the NCCMA in the long term context of climate change and adaptation, land-use and the perceived valuation of ecosystem services from the landscape. The increasing realisation of the interconnectedness of these phenomena and the necessity for ecologically sustainable agriculture provide enhanced drivers for the evolution of new landscape meanings in the context of an inter-generational equity and climate change response.

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Liu, Yongwei, Guiping Wu, Xingwang Fan, Guojing Gan, Wen Wang, and Yuanbo Liu. "Hydrological impacts of land use/cover changes in the Lake Victoria basin." Ecological Indicators 145 (December 2022): 109580. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2022.109580.

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Kasel, Sabine, Lauren T. Bennett, and Josquin Tibbits. "Land use influences soil fungal community composition across central Victoria, south-eastern Australia." Soil Biology and Biochemistry 40, no. 7 (July 2008): 1724–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.02.011.

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Bennett, AF. "Land-Use, Forest Fragmentation and the Mammalian Fauna at Naringal, South-Western Victoria." Wildlife Research 17, no. 4 (1990): 325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9900325.

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Kiggundu, Nicholas, Listowel Abugri Anaba, Noble Banadda, Joshua Wanyama, and Isa Kabenge. "Assessing Land Use and Land Cover Changes in the Murchison Bay Catchment of Lake Victoria Basin in Uganda." Journal of Sustainable Development 11, no. 1 (January 30, 2018): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v11n1p44.

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The Murchison Bay catchment in the northern shoreline of Lake Victoria basin is a high valued ecosystem because of the numerous human-related activities it supports in Uganda. The catchment has undergone tremendous human-induced land use/cover changes, which have not been quantified. This study aimed at quantifying the land use/cover changes as well as the rate at which these changes occurred over the last three decades in the catchment. This was achieved using remote sensing techniques and Geographic Information System (GIS) to analyse and contextualize the changes. To that effect, images of Landsat satellites MSS, TM, ETM+ and OLI were interpreted using supervised image classification technique to determine the land use/land cover changes from 1984 to 2015. The obtained results indicated that the catchment has undergone huge land use and land cover transformations over the last three decades attributable to rapid population growth and urbanization. The prevailing changes in footprint between 1984 and 2015 were expansions of built–up land (20.58% to 49.59%) and open water bodies (not detected in 1984 to 1.74%), and decreases in the following sectors: agricultural lands (from 43.88% to 26.10%), forestland (from 23.78% to 17.49%), and wetlands (from 11.76% to 5.08%). The changes pose a threat to the environment and water quality of the Murchison Bay and consequently increases National Water and Sewerage Corporation water treatment costs. Therefore, there is the need to take critical and practical measures to regulate and police land use, water use rights and conserve the environment especially wetlands.

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Onyango, Dancan O., Christopher O. Ikporukpo, John O. Taiwo, and Stephen B. Opiyo. "Monitoring the extent and impacts of watershed urban development in the Lake Victoria Basin, Kenya, using a combination of population dynamics, remote sensing and GIS techniques." Environmental & Socio-economic Studies 9, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 11–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/environ-2021-0007.

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Abstract Several urban centres of different sizes have developed over time, and continue to grow, within the basin of Lake Victoria. Uncontrolled urban development, especially along the lake shore, puts environmental pressure on Lake Victoria and its local ecosystem. This study sought to monitor the extent and impacts of urban development (as measured by population growth and built-up land use/land cover) in the Lake Victoria basin, Kenya, between 1978 and 2018. Remote sensing and GIS-based land use/land cover classification was conducted to extract change in built-up areas from Landsat 3, 4, 5 and 8 satellite imagery obtained for the month of January at intervals of ten years. Change in population distribution and density was analysed based on decadal census data from the Kenya National Bureau of Statistics between 1979 and 2019. A statistical regression model was then estimated to relate population growth to built-up area expansion. Results indicate that the basin’s built-up area has expanded by 97% between 1978 and 2018 while the population increased by 140% between 1979 and 2019. Urban development was attributed to the rapidly increasing population in the area as seen in a positive statistical correlation (R2=0.5744) between increase in built-up area and population growth. The resulting environmental pressure on the local ecosystem has been documented mainly in terms of degradation of lake water quality, eutrophication and aquatic biodiversity loss. The study recommends the enactment and implementation of appropriate eco-sensitive local legislation and policies for sustainable urban and rural land use planning in the area. This should aim to control and regulate urban expansion especially in the immediate shoreline areas of the lake and associated riparian zones.

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Campbell, Lachlan. "Wimmera River (Victoria, Australia) – Increasing Use of a Diminishing Resource." Water Science and Technology 21, no. 2 (February 1, 1989): 245–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1989.0058.

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The Wimmera River is central western Victoria's most important river, rising in the Grampians National Park, filling storages that supply the major water supply to the vast Wimmera and Mallee regions. It passes through the Little Desert National Park, an area of significant scenic, recreation, historical and conservation value and terminates in Victoria's largest inland freshwater lakes (Lakes Hindmarsh and Albacutya). The brittleness of the whole closed Wimmera River system, and the over committal of the water resources was brought to the public's attention when appeals were lodged against the proposal to licence a discharge of high standard secondary effluent from an extended aeration oxidation ditch and lagoon treatment facility at Horsham. Residents, user and community groups, Municipal Councils and Government Departments, aware of the deterioration of the Wimmera River had somewhere to focus their attention. Victoria's and possibly Australia's longest environmental appeal, lasting twenty-five days, and a State Environment Protection Policy, determined that all major point sources of nutrients should be removed from the River. More resources for clearing of unwanted emergent weeds, more facilities for protection of Crown Land and catchments generally, and the implementation of environmental summer flows as piping of the Wimmera-Mallee Stock and Domestic System proceeds, are all required. A River Management Board with strength, wealth, good public relations and a dedication to the task could make the Wimmera River an example for all Australia and a tourist attraction of immense value to the region.

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Siqing, Chen. "Land-use suitability analysis for urban development in Regional Victoria: A case study of Bendigo." Journal of Geography and Regional Planning 9, no. 4 (April 30, 2016): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/jgrp2015.0535.

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Clifton, Craig, Carl Daamen, Avril Home, and John Sherwood. "Water, land use change and ‘new forests’: what are the challenges for south-western Victoria?" Australian Forestry 69, no. 2 (January 2006): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00049158.2006.10676234.

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Nicodemus Osoro, Odhiambo, Paul Obade, and Gathuru Gathuru. "Anthropogenic Impacts on Land Use and Land Cover Change in Ombeyi wetland, Kisumu County, Kenya." International Journal of Regional Development 6, no. 1 (August 18, 2019): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijrd.v6i1.15292.

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Land use and land cover change as a result of human-induced transitions is a major environmental challenge in Lake Victoria Basin. The study adopted a mixed-method consisting of remote sensing and GIS-based analysis, key informant interviews, and household survey consisting of 384 households to asses Land Use and Land Cover Dynamics and associated human-induced transformations in Ombeyi wetland. The study aimed at generating a characterized area estimate of Ombeyi wetlands land use and land cover change schema for the study period (1990-2017), and examining the spatial and temporal characteristics of anthropogenic impacts and their relationship with land use and land cover change in Ombeyi wetland. The gis-based analysis revealed that built-up area/settlements and agricultural lands extensively increased in area at the expense of wetland vegetation. Key informants attributed the changes to population increase (29.2%) and an associated demand for land and natural resources as the major driving forces for the changes. Analysis of household-survey results validated the observed patterns during the remotely sensed data analysis phase of the research, as 90.1% (n=384) of the respondents reported to own land within the wetland through inheritance. 92.2% of the respondents are farmers practicing farming in the wetland with 72.4% of the same respondents attaining primary level education and below. Poverty and education levels were significant factors in influencing unsustainable land use and land cover changes observed in this study. The present state of land cover and its dynamics have had negative impacts on the riparian rural livelihoods and natural resource management.

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Mugo, Robinson, Rose Waswa, James W. Nyaga, Antony Ndubi, Emily C. Adams, and Africa I. Flores-Anderson. "Quantifying Land Use Land Cover Changes in the Lake Victoria Basin Using Satellite Remote Sensing: The Trends and Drivers between 1985 and 2014." Remote Sensing 12, no. 17 (September 1, 2020): 2829. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12172829.

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The Lake Victoria Basin (LVB) is a significant resource for five states within East Africa, which faces major land use land cover changes that threaten ecosystem integrity and ecosystem services derived from the basin’s resources. To assess land use land cover changes between 1985 and 2014, and subsequently determine the trends and drivers of these changes, we used a series of Landsat images and field data obtained from the LVB. Landsat image pre-processing and band combinations were done in ENVI 5.1. A supervised classification was applied on 118 Landsat scenes using the maximum likelihood classifier in ENVI 5.1. The overall accuracy of classified images was computed for the 2014 images using 124 reference data points collected through stratified random sampling. Computations of area under various land cover classes were calculated between the 1985 and 2014 images. We also correlated the area from natural vegetation classes to farmlands and settlements (urban areas) to explore relationships between land use land cover conversions among these classes. Based on our land cover classifications, we obtained overall accuracy of 71% and a moderate Kappa statistic of 0.56. Our results indicate that the LVB has undergone drastic changes in land use land cover, mainly driven by human activities that led to the conversion of forests, woodlands, grasslands, and wetlands to either farmlands or settlements. We conclude that information from this work is useful not only for basin-scale assessments and monitoring of land cover changes but also for targeting, prioritizing, and monitoring of small scale, community led efforts to restore degraded and fragmented areas in the basin. Such efforts could mitigate the loss of ecosystem services previously derived from large contiguous land covers which are no longer tenable to restore. We recommend adoption of a basin scale, operational, Earth observation-based, land use change monitoring framework. Such a framework can facilitate rapid and frequent assessments of gains and losses in specific land cover classes and thus focus strategic interventions in areas experiencing major losses, through mitigation and compensatory approaches.

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Zafari, Najibullah, Ashok Sharma, Dimuth Navaratna, Varuni M. Jayasooriya, Craig McTaggart, and Shobha Muthukumaran. "A Comparative Evaluation of Conceptual Rainfall–Runoff Models for a Catchment in Victoria Australia Using eWater Source." Water 14, no. 16 (August 16, 2022): 2523. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14162523.

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Hydrological modelling at a catchment scale was conducted to investigate the impact of climate change and land-use change individually and in combination with the available streamflow in the Painkalac catchment using an eWater Source hydrological model. This study compares the performance of three inbuilt conceptual models within eWater Source, such as the Australian water balance model (AWBM), Sacramento and GR4J for streamflow simulation. The three-model performance was predicted by bivariate statistics (Nash–Sutcliff efficiency) and univariate (mean, standard deviation) to evaluate the efficiency of model runoff predictions. Potential evapotranspiration (PET) data, daily rainfall data and observed streamflow measured from this catchment are the major inputs to these models. These models were calibrated and validated using eight objective functions while further comparisons of these models were made using objective functions of a Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) log daily and an NSE log daily bias penalty. The observed streamflow data were split into three sections. Two-thirds of the data were used for calibration while the remaining one-third of the data was used for validation of the model. Based on the results, it was observed that the performance of the GR4J model is more suitable for the Painkalac catchment in respect of prediction and computational efficiency compared to the Sacramento and AWBM models. Further, the impact of climate change, land-use change and combined scenarios (land-use and climate change) were evaluated using the GR4J model. The results of this study suggest that the higher climate change for the year 2065 will result in approximately 45.67% less streamflow in the reservoir. In addition, the land-use change resulted in approximately 42.26% less flow while combined land-use and higher climate change will produce 48.06% less streamflow compared to the observed flow under the existing conditions.

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Liang, Chun Xia, Floris F. van Ogtrop, and R. Willem Vervoort. "Detecting the impact of land cover change on observed rainfall." PeerJ 7 (August 26, 2019): e7523. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7523.

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Analysis of observational data to pinpoint impact of land cover change on local rainfall is difficult due to multiple environmental factors that cannot be strictly controlled. In this study we use a statistical approach to identify the relationship between removal of tree cover and rainfall with data from best available sources for two large areas in Australia. Gridded rainfall data between 1979 and 2015 was used for the areas, while large scale (exogenous) effects were represented by mean rainfall across a much larger area and climatic indicators, such as Southern Oscillation Index and Indian Ocean Dipole. Both generalised additive modelling and step trend tests were used for the analysis. For a region in south central Queensland, the reported change in tree clearing between 2002–2005 did not result in strong statistically significant precipitation changes. On the other hand, results from a bushfire affected region on the border of New South Wales and Victoria suggest significant changes in the rainfall due to changes in tree cover. This indicates the method works better when an abrupt change in the data can be clearly identified. The results from the step trend test also mainly identified a positive relationship between the tree cover and the rainfall at p < 0.1 at the NSW/Victoria region. High rainfall variability and possible regrowth could have impacted the results in the Queensland region.

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Makaka, R. R., Shepherd Misi, Mhosisi Masocha, and Richard Kimwaga. "Spatial and Temporal Variation of Selected Water Quality Parameters in the Tanzanian Side of Lake Victoria." Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology 40, no. 2 (February 20, 2022): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.52339/tjet.v40i2.729.

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Lake Victoria’s water quality is increasingly becoming under heavy pressure mainly due to land based activities and aerial inputs which are taking place within the basin. This study was carried out to assess the spatial, including vertical and temporal, variation of the water quality of Lake Victoria on the Tanzanian side. Historical water quality data for the period from 2000 to 2016 was collected. Temperature, pH, Dissolved Oxygen (DO) and Turbidity were selected for study since they are the mostly measured and monitored water quality parameters. Land use-land cover changes were analysed using ArcGIS. ILWIS 3.7 software was used to classify the land use and land cover for the years 2000, 2010 and 2014. MERIS was used to analyse the spatial variation. One-way ANOVA was employed to test the significant variation between different parameters. The results showed that, for the pelagic zone, the range of temperature, pH, DO, and turbidity were 22.8 oC-28.68 oC, 6.3-10.52, 3.42-10.21 mg/l, 1.0 NTU-15.8 NTU respectively. The corresponding values for the littoral zones were 22.3 oC-26.8 oC, 6.47-10.16, 3.99-8.6 mg/l, 1.3-347 NTU respectively. The ANOVA analysis results show that there was a significant variation of NO3(p<0.01). Temperature, pH and DO decreased with the lake depth to the bottom for both zones. For the littoral zone, a strong correlation was observed between temperature and depth, temperature and DO, and between temperature and pH with R2=0.6, p<0.03, R2=-0.78, p<0.01 and R2=0.96, p<0.01, respectively. The bare soil, urban settlements and farm land increased by 38.9%, 8.4% and 10.7% respectively from the year 2000 to 2014 on the Tanzanian side. This could have led to water quality changes. Water quality parameters varied significantly between pelagic and littoral zones. Littoral zones are mostly polluted and thus should be the priority pollution control intervention areas.

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Kashaigili, Japhet Joel, Emmanuel Zziwa, Siwa Ernest, Emma Laswai, Bernard Musana Segatagara, Denis Mpairwe, Reuben Mpuya Joseph Kadigi, et al. "Implications of Land Use Land Cover Change and Climate Variability on Future Prospects of Beef Cattle Production in the Lake Victoria Basin." American Journal of Climate Change 04, no. 05 (2015): 461–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ajcc.2015.45037.

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Forouzangohar, Mohsen, Neville D. Crossman, Richard J. MacEwan, D. Dugal Wallace, and Lauren T. Bennett. "Ecosystem Services in Agricultural Landscapes: A Spatially Explicit Approach to Support Sustainable Soil Management." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/483298.

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Soil degradation has been associated with a lack of adequate consideration of soil ecosystem services. We demonstrate a broadly applicable method for mapping changes in the supply of two priority soil ecosystem services to support decisions about sustainable land-use configurations. We used a landscape-scale study area of 302 km2in northern Victoria, south-eastern Australia, which has been cleared for intensive agriculture. Indicators representing priority soil services (soil carbon sequestration and soil water storage) were quantified and mapped under both a current and a future 25-year land-use scenario (the latter including a greater diversity of land uses and increased perennial crops and irrigation). We combined diverse methods, including soil analysis using mid-infrared spectroscopy, soil biophysical modelling, and geostatistical interpolation. Our analysis suggests that the future land-use scenario would increase the landscape-level supply of both services over 25 years. Soil organic carbon content and water storage to 30 cm depth were predicted to increase by about 11% and 22%, respectively. Our service maps revealed the locations of hotspots, as well as potential trade-offs in service supply under new land-use configurations. The study highlights the need to consider diverse land uses in sustainable management of soil services in changing agricultural landscapes.

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Gamage, Nirdosha, Sujeeva Setunge, and Kasuni Liyanage. "An Investigation of Usability of Brown Coal Fly Ash for Building Materials." Applied Mechanics and Materials 438-439 (October 2013): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.438-439.30.

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The Victoria State of Australia has the second largest reserves of brown coal on earth, representing approximately 20% of the worlds reserves, and at current use, could supply Victoria with its energy for over 500 years. Its combustion, annually, yields up to 1.3 million tonnes of fly ash, which is largely use for land-fills. Disposal of fly ash in open dumps cause massive environmental problems such as ground water contamination that may create various health problems. This study focuses on the usability of brown coal fly ash to develop a sustainable building material. A series of laboratory investigations was conducted using brown coal fly ash combined with cement and aggregate to prepare cold pressed samples aiming to test their properties. Initial results indicate that compressive strength satisfies minimum standard compressive strength required for bricks or mortar.

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Lawrence, Ruth E., and Marc P. Bellette. "Gold, timber, war and parks : A history of the Rushworth Forest in central Victoria." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 122, no. 2 (2010): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rs10022.

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The Rushworth Forest is a Box and Ironbark open sclerophyll forest in central Victoria that has been subject to a long history of gold mining activity and forest utilisation. This paper documents the major periods of land use history in the Rushworth Forest and comments on the environmental changes that have occurred as a result. During the 1850s to 1890s, the Forest was subject to extensive gold mining operations, timber resource use, and other forest product utilisation, which generated major changes to the forest soils, vegetation structure and species cover. From the 1890s to 1930s, concern for diminishing forest cover across central Victoria led to the creation of timber reserves, including the Rushworth State Forest. After the formation of a government forestry department in 1919, silvicultural practices were introduced which aimed at maximising the output of tall timber production above all else. During World War II, the management of the Forest was taken over by the Australian Army as Prisoner of War camps were established to harvest timber from the Forest for firewood production. Following the War, the focus of forestry in Victoria moved away from the Box and Ironbark forests, but low value resource utilisation continued in the Rushworth Forest from the 1940s to 1990s. In 2002, about one-third of the Forest was declared a National Park and the other two-thirds continued as a State Forest. Today, the characteristics of the biophysical environment reflect the multiple layers of past land uses that have occurred in the Rushworth Forest.

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Twesigye, Charles K. "The Impact of Land Use Activities on Vegetation Cover and Water Quality in the Lake Victoria Watershed." Open Environmental Engineering Journal 4, no. 1 (September 9, 2011): 66–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874829501104010066.

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D. Hamilton, S. "Impacts of agricultural land use on the floristics, diversity and life-form composition of a temperate grassy woodland." Pacific Conservation Biology 7, no. 3 (2001): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc010169.

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This opportunistic study examines the impacts of cropping and grazing management on a eucalypt grassy woodland in northern Victoria. The woodland is an area of uniformity in abiotic attributes, and with significant anecdotal similarity in pre-European floristic composition and abundance. Permanent vegetation quadrats were established within the now named Dookie Bushland Reserve, a 270 ha remnant of White and Grey Box grassy woodland located at Dookie College in northern Victoria. Density and cover for all species, as well as life form type, were evaluated within quadrats in 1992, when agricultural land uses ceased and conservation management was instigated. Results indicate that agricultural impact over a 27 year period had contributed to significant declines in the number and cover of indigenous species, and had resulted in the significant increase in the number and cover of introduced species. The loss of shrub species, juvenile eucalypts, and the dominance of tussock-forming indigenous grasses with increased agricultural impact was observed. Individual species responded differently to increased agricultural impacts. Some species, particularly non-tussock forming indigenous grasses and introduced annuals, were promoted in establishment and cover by increased impact, while others, most notably Orchidaceae and Liliaceae, were intolerant of any impact. Certain groups of indigenous species, particularly the Asteraceae and tussock forming indigenous grasses, were reduced significantly in cover by increasing impact. Grazing increased proportions of therophytic (annuals) and/or hemicryptophytic (rosette-forming) forbs, while lesser impacted sites contained a greater diversity of forbs, greater evenness across life form types, and greater proportions of perennial phanerophytes, chamaephytes and cryptophytes, and with fewer therophytes.

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Katusiime, Juliet, and Brigitta Schütt. "Towards Legislation Responsive to Integrated Watershed Management Approaches and Land Tenure." Sustainability 15, no. 3 (January 25, 2023): 2221. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15032221.

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Land tenure affects integrated watershed management approaches in various ways, such as influencing land use and investment in sustainability practices and decisions. However, some land tenure and integrated watershed management relations need more examination, including how the prevailing relevant legislation responds and the needed course of action. In this paper, we provide relevant evidence to support a shift to responsive actions and legislation through (a) examining land tenure scenarios affecting integrated watershed management, including the public–private land tenure co-existence from a watershed perspective; (b) the responsiveness of the prevailing relevant legislation to integrated watershed management and the land tenure scenarios and (c) identifying legislative remedies recommendable for responsiveness. We use qualitative methods to review secondary data sources, including four legislations, and complement them with field survey data. Field experiences are from three sub-catchments in the Lake Victoria basin, each representing a different land tenure system, as case studies. Land tenure links with integrated watershed management in various ways, such as influencing land use decisions. However, underscoring the relationship from the private and public land tenure perspective also indicates a complex and tense spatial relationship. As such, it likely limits adopting sustainable land use and management practices in watersheds as a case. Regardless, the perceptions from the study area indicate the land tenure systems and forms enabling sustainable choices and decisions, despite limitations such as tenure insecurity. The disconnect between integrated watershed management aspirations of ensuring sustainability, the land tenure abilities and the subsequent human practices is mainly institutional, with the relevant legislation indicating a low to moderate level of responsiveness to integrated watershed management approaches and land tenure, thus, abating effectiveness. Therefore, we suggest a shift towards responsive programming and legislation and the adoption of model legislation to support responsiveness replication. We also recommend further studies to assess the legal gaps and feasibility thereof.

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Turyahabwe, Nelson, David Mwesigye Tumusiime, Willy Kakuru, and Bernard Barasa. "Wetland Use/Cover Changes and Local Perceptions in Uganda." Sustainable Agriculture Research 2, no. 4 (September 1, 2013): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/sar.v2n4p95.

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With increasing population, coupled with land shortage and weather variations, wetlands in Uganda have continued to face degradation due to mainly conversion for agricultural, industrial and settlement purposes. The objective of this study was to determine the spatial and temporal wetland use/cover changes and local perceptions attributed to these changes. The study utilized three sets of ortho-rectified and cloud free Landsat TM/ETM+/MSS temporal images (30 m) of 1986, 2000 and 2011. The classification procedures were carried out using an Integrated Land and Water Information System (ILWIS) software version 3.7. A wetland classification system for Uganda developed by the National Biomass Study, 2003 was adopted to describe the wetland use/cover types. The classified images were validated in a ground truthing exercise using Global Positioning System (GPS) to improve on the classification accuracy. Key informant interviews and focus group discussions were conducted with communities adjacent to the wetlands in each of three of the ten Ugandan agro-ecological zones to determine the underlying drivers of wetland use/cover changes, while household interviews generated information on local perceptions of the changes. Significant changes were mainly observed in wetland use/cover between 1986 and 2011. Major factors responsible for these changes were subsistence farming due to intensification of growing paddy rice in Kyoga plains, an influx of migrants who accessed wetlands for daily subsistence (livestock grazing) in South western farmlands and proximity to urban centres in the Lake Victoria Crescent. In all the sampled agro-ecological zones, increased crop farming in wetlands was due to changing opportunities created by existent large markets for wetland crops. Majority (60%) of the local people perceived wetlands in their proximity to have undergone high degradation within the last 10 years, and to have declined in quantity and quality of vegetation, soil fertility and water levels. There was a noticeable variation across the sampled agro-ecological zones, with the highest proportion of local communities perceiving degradation being in Kyoga plains (76%), followed by Lake Victoria crescent (63%) and South-western farmlands (41%). Locally perceived threats to wetlands were mainly from crop growing that accounted for 33% of the frequency of mentioned threats, collection of wetland resources (30%), and prolonged floods and droughts (12%). This study confirms the importance of economic opportunities from new market outlets and migration in its various forms as key factors in land use change, especially at timescales of a couple of decades.

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Stevens, Craig, Won Sang Lee, Giannetta Fusco, Sukyoung Yun, Brett Grant, Natalie Robinson, and Chung Yeon Hwang. "The influence of the Drygalski Ice Tongue on the local ocean." Annals of Glaciology 58, no. 74 (April 2017): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aog.2017.4.

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ABSTRACT The Drygalski Ice Tongue presents an ~80 km long floating obstacle to alongshore flows in the Victoria Land coastal ocean region of the Western Ross Sea. Here we use oceanographic data from near to the tongue to explore the interplay between the floating glacier and the local currents and stratification. A vessel-based circuit of the glacier, recording ocean temperature and salinity profiles, reveals the southwest corner to be the coldest and most complex in terms of vertical structure. The southwest corner structure beneath the surface warm, salty layer sustains a block of very cold water extending to 200 m depth. In this same location there was a distinct layer at 370 m not seen anywhere else of water at ~−1.93°C. The new observations broadly, but not directly, support the presence of a coherent Victoria Land Coastal Current. The data suggest the northward moving coastal current turns against the Coriolis force and works its way anticlockwise around the glacier, but with leakage beneath the glacier through the highly ‘rippled’ underside, resulting in a spatially heterogeneous supply to the Terra Nova Bay Polynya region – an important location for the formation of high-salinity shelf water.

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Ernest, Siwa, Martine Hagai, and Japhet J. Kasahigili. "Water and Pasture Availability on Livestock Routes Under a Changing Climate: A Case of Ilemela and Magu Districts in Tanzania." JOURNAL OF THE GEOGRAPHICAL ASSOCIATION OF TANZANIA 36, no. 2 (July 10, 2021): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.56279/jgat.v36i2.146.

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The beef cattle production system practiced in the Lake Victoria Basin ismainly extensive, which involves cattle grazing on natural pastures. Thissystem is characterized by overgrazing, low livestock production and soildegradation. Under the effects of global climate change, these pastoralmanagement challenges are expected to increase. As the impacts of climatechange to beef cattle production over the Lake Victoria Basin is unknown,this study used participatory mapping method and focus group discussions toassess spatial changes in livestock routes in relation to water and pastureavailability in the Ilemela and Magu districts of the Mwanza region, Tanzania. GIS technology was used for the formalization of spatial layers. It was revealed that there were many changes in livestock routes such that some have become roads, some have been lost, and others narrowed. These changes were due to an increase in settlements and cultivated areas, and more specifically a general decline of water sources and grazing land. This implies that appropriate strategies such as a land-use planning, stock routings modification, education on effective cattle farming, and intervention by rainwater harvesting should be designed so as to adapt to climate change effects, and improve livestock production in Ilemela and Magu districts

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Allan, Ian, and Jim Peterson. "Spatial Modelling in Decision Support for Land-Use Planning: a Demonstration from the Lal Lal Catchment, Victoria, Australia." Australian Geographical Studies 40, no. 1 (March 2002): 84–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8470.00163.

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Shayo, Salome D., Charles Lugomela, and John F. Machiwa. "Influence of land use patterns on some limnological characteristics in the south-eastern part of Lake Victoria, Tanzania." Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management 14, no. 3 (July 2011): 246–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14634988.2011.599607.

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Keneley, Monica. "Closer settlement in the Western District of Victoria: a case study in Australian land use policy, 1898–1914." Journal of Historical Geography 28, no. 3 (July 2002): 363–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jhge.2002.0458.

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Ierodiaconou, Daniel, Laurie Laurenson, Marc Leblanc, Frank Stagnitti, Gordon Duff, Scott Salzman, and Vincent Versace. "The consequences of land use change on nutrient exports: a regional scale assessment in south-west Victoria, Australia." Journal of Environmental Management 74, no. 4 (March 2005): 305–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2004.09.010.

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Abuzar, Mohammad, Andy McAllister, Des Whitfield, and Kathryn Sheffield. "Remotely-Sensed Surface Temperature and Vegetation Status for the Assessment of Decadal Change in the Irrigated Land Cover of North-Central Victoria, Australia." Land 9, no. 9 (September 2, 2020): 308. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9090308.

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Monitoring of irrigated land cover is important for both resource managers and farmers. An operational approach is presented to use the satellite-derived surface temperature and vegetation cover in order to distinguish between irrigated and non-irrigated land. Using an iterative thresholding procedure to minimize within-class variance, the bilevel segmentation of surface temperature and vegetation cover was achieved for each irrigation period (Spring, Summer and Autumn). The three periodic profiles were used to define irrigation land covers from 2008–2009 to 2018–2019 in a key agricultural region of Australia. The overall accuracy of identifying farms with irrigated land cover amounted to 95.7%. Total irrigated land cover was the lowest (approximately 200,000 ha) in the 2008–2009 crop year which increased more than three-fold in 2012–2013, followed by a gradual decline in the following years. Satellite images from Landsat series (L-5, L-7 and L-8), Sentinel-2 and ASTER were found suitable for land cover classification, which is scalable from farm to regional levels. For this reason, the results are desirable for a range of stakeholders.

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Wiedemann, S. G., M. J. Yan, and C. M. Murphy. "Resource use and environmental impacts from Australian export lamb production: a life cycle assessment." Animal Production Science 56, no. 7 (2016): 1070. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an14647.

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This study conducted a life cycle assessment (LCA) investigating energy, land occupation, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, fresh water consumption and stress-weighted water use from production of export lamb in the major production regions of New South Wales, Victoria and South Australia. The study used data from regional datasets and case study farms, and applied new methods for assessing water use using detailed farm water balances and water stress weighting. Land occupation was assessed with reference to the proportion of arable and non-arable land and allocation of liveweight (LW) and greasy wool was handled using a protein mass method. Fossil fuel energy demand ranged from 2.5 to 7.0 MJ/kg LW, fresh water consumption from 58.1 to 238.9 L/kg LW, stress-weighted water use from 2.9 to 137.8 L H2O-e/kg LW and crop land occupation from 0.2 to 2.0 m2/kg LW. Fossil fuel energy demand was dominated by on-farm energy demand, and differed between regions and datasets in response to production intensity and the use of purchased inputs such as fertiliser. Regional fresh water consumption was dominated by irrigation water use and losses from farm water supply, with smaller contributions from livestock drinking water. GHG emissions ranged from 6.1 to 7.3 kg CO2-e/kg LW and additional removals or emissions from land use (due to cultivation and fertilisation) and direct land-use change (due to deforestation over previous 20 years) were found to be modest, contributing between –1.6 and 0.3 kg CO2-e/kg LW for different scenarios assessing soil carbon flux. Excluding land use and direct land-use change, enteric CH4 contributed 83–89% of emissions, suggesting that emissions intensity can be reduced by focussing on flock production efficiency. Resource use and emissions were similar for export lamb production in the major production states of Australia, and GHG emissions were similar to other major global lamb producers. The results show impacts from lamb production on competitive resources to be low, as lamb production systems predominantly utilised non-arable land unsuited to alternative food production systems that rely on crop production, and water from regions with low water stress.

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Armstrong, D. P., J. E. Knee, P. T. Doyle, K. E. Pritchard, and O. A. Gyles. "Water-use efficiency on irrigated dairy farms in northern Victoria and southern New South Wales." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 40, no. 5 (2000): 643. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea99132.

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A survey of 170 randomly selected, irrigated, dairy farms in northern Victoria and 9 in southern New South Wales was conducted to examine and benchmark the key factors influencing water-use efficiency. Water-use efficiency was defined as the amount of milk (kg milk fat plus protein) produced from pasture per megalitre of water (irrigation plus effective rainfall). Information on water-use, milk production, supplementary feeding, farm size and type, pasture management, and irrigation layout and management was collected for each farm by personal interview for the 1994–95 and 1995–96 seasons. The farms were ranked in the order of water-use efficiency with the average farm compared with the highest and lowest 10% of farms. The range in water-use efficiency was 25–115 kg milk fat plus protein/ML, with the highest 10% averaging 94 kg/ML and the lowest 10% averaging 35 kg/ML. The large range in water-use efficiency indicated potential for substantial improvement on many farms. The high water-use efficiency farms, when compared with the low group: (i) produced a similar amount of milk from less water (387 v. 572 ML) (P<0.05), less land (48 v. 83 ha) (P< 0.05) and a similar number of cows (152 v. 143 cows); (ii) had higher estimated pasture consumption per hectare (11.5 v. 5.5 t DM/ha) (P<0.01) and per megalitre (1.0 v. 0.5 t DM/ML) (P<0.01); (iii) had higher stocking rates (3.2 v. 1.8 cows/ha) (P<0.01); (iv) used higher rates of nitrogen fertiliser (59 v. 18 kg N/ha.year) (P<0.05) and tended to use more phosphorus fertiliser (64 v. 34 kg P/ha.year) (P<0.10); (v) used similar levels of supplementary feed (872 v. 729 kg concentrates/cow); (vi) had higher milk production per cow (396 v. 277 kg fat plus protein) (P<0.05); and (vii) directed a higher proportion of the estimated energy consumed by cows into milk production (53 v. 46%) (P<0.05). The survey data confirmed that irrigated dairy farm systems are complex and variable. For example, the amount of feed brought in from outside the milking area varied from 0 to 74% of the estimated total energy used by a milking herd. There was a large range in the level of supplement input amongst the farms in the high water-use efficiency group, and in the low water-use efficiency group. This indicates that the management of the farming system has a greater impact on the efficiency of water-use on irrigated dairy farms, than the type of system. The data from the survey provide information for individual farms, a measure of the water-use efficiency of the industry, and an indication of the quality of regional land and water resources.

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Makinde, E. O., and E. I. Oyebanji. "Remote Sensing and GIS Application to Erosion Risk Mapping in Lagos." Nigerian Journal of Environmental Sciences and Technology 4, no. 1 (March 2020): 40–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.36263/nijest.2020.01.0081.

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Increased population, unhealthy agricultural practices, indiscriminate land clearing and illegal structures have led to an increase of erosion in Nigeria and Lagos State in particular. This research focused on identifying land use/land cover changes in Eti-Osa LGA of Lagos State and estimating the actual erosion risk using Remote Sensing and Geography Information System. In addition, this research evaluated the perception of communities within the study area with the view to understanding the risk involved in erosion. Maximum Likelihood Algorithm was the classification method applied on the Landsat imageries (1986-2016) to identify the changes on the land use/land cover types. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to evaluate the perception of communities within the study area and Revised Universal Soil Loss equation (RUSLE) model was used to estimate the actual erosion risk. The result showed that the sediment yield of the study area was estimated to be between 0 to 48ton/ha/yr. The estimated soil losses were higher in Eti-Osa West compared to other parts of Iru/Victoria Island, and Ikoyi/Obalende areas which recorded low losses. Land uses mostly affected by very high and severe erosion are the bare soils and the crop lands having about 3% to 4% respectively. It can be concluded that rainfall, lack of cover for the surface soil were the major causes of soil loss in the study area.

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Okullo, John Bosco Lamoris, Francis Omujal, Thomas Enuru, Celestin Bigirimana, Prossy Isubikalu, Jacob Godfrey Agea, Elias Bizuru, and Joseph Obua. "Farmers’ Use of Indigenous Fruit Trees to Cope with Climate Variability in the Lake Victoria Basin Districts of Uganda." Current Research in Agricultural Sciences 9, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 59–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.18488/cras.v9i1.3048.

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The escalating extreme weather conditions has forced rural farmers in Africa to rely disproportionately on Indigenous Fruit Trees (IFTs) to sustain their household food/nutrition security, employment and income generation. This paper analysed farmers’ use of IFTs to cope with climate variability in selected Lake Victoria Basin Districts of Uganda. Data were collected from farmers using questionnaires, key informant interviews and focus group discussions. From 13 most preferred IFTs, focus was on the most popular and highly ranked five: Garcinia buchananii, Vangueria apiculata, Canarium schweinfurthii, Tamarindus indica and Saba comorensis. Preferences for these IFTs were influenced by their uses for food, medicine, timber, compound shade provision and marketability. Age, sex, education, occupation, family size, land size, non-farming activities, period of stay on the same piece of land, and income level significantly (P≤0.05) influenced choice of the preferred IFTs. Majority of the respondents had IFTs planted on-farms, along the roads to provide various goods/services and in marginal lands unsuitable for farming to diversify agriculture as a strategy to cope with climate variability. Given that the uses of IFTs in the five LVB districts are associated with farmers’ efforts to cope with climate variability, the goal of any climate-adaptive farmer-based project should support sustainable use of IFTs, in the short-term and foster innovations such as on-farm planting of IFTs and other fast-growing tree species to meet household demands.

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Laming, Alice, Michael-Shawn Fletcher, Anthony Romano, Russell Mullett, Simon Connor, Michela Mariani, S. Yoshi Maezumi, and Patricia S. Gadd. "The Curse of Conservation: Empirical Evidence Demonstrating That Changes in Land-Use Legislation Drove Catastrophic Bushfires in Southeast Australia." Fire 5, no. 6 (October 26, 2022): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fire5060175.

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Protecting “wilderness” and removing human involvement in “nature” was a core pillar of the modern conservation movement through the 20th century. Conservation approaches and legislation informed by this narrative fail to recognise that Aboriginal people have long valued, used, and shaped most landscapes on Earth. Aboriginal people curated open and fire-safe Country for millennia with fire in what are now forested and fire-prone regions. Settler land holders recognised the importance of this and mimicked these practices. The Land Conservation Act of 1970 in Victoria, Australia, prohibited burning by settler land holders in an effort to protect natural landscapes. We present a 120-year record of vegetation and fire regime change from Gunaikurnai Country, southeast Australia. Our data demonstrate that catastrophic bushfires first impacted the local area immediately following the prohibition of settler burning in 1970, which allowed a rapid increase in flammable eucalypts that resulted in the onset of catastrophic bushfires. Our data corroborate local narratives on the root causes of the current bushfire crisis. Perpetuation of the wilderness myth in conservation may worsen this crisis, and it is time to listen to and learn from Indigenous and local people, and to empower these communities to drive research and management agendas.

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Shisanya, C. A., M. O. Makokha, S. K. Kimani, M. Kalumuna, and A. Tenge. "Farmer Tree Nursery as a Catalyst for Developing Sustainable Best Management Land Use Practices in Lake Victoria Catchments Ecosystem." Journal of Applied Sciences 7, no. 13 (June 15, 2007): 1755–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/jas.2007.1755.1761.

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Coffey, Brian, James A. Fitzsimons, and Ryan Gormly. "Strategic public land use assessment and planning in Victoria, Australia: Four decades of trailblazing but where to from here?" Land Use Policy 28, no. 1 (January 2011): 306–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2010.06.011.

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Nyilitya, Benjamin, Stephen Mureithi, and Pascal Boeckx. "Land use controls Kenyan riverine nitrate discharge into Lake Victoria – evidence from Nyando, Nzoia and Sondu Miriu river catchments." Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies 56, no. 2 (February 18, 2020): 170–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10256016.2020.1724999.

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Okello, Jaspher, John Bosco Lamoris Okullo, Gerald Eilu, Philip Nyeko, and Joseph Obua. "Morphological Variations inTamarindus indicaLINN. Fruits and Seed Traits in the Different Agroecological Zones of Uganda." International Journal of Ecology 2018 (December 11, 2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8469156.

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An investigation was carried out on variations in the morphological traits ofTamarindus indicaLINN. fruits (length, breadth, mass, and pulp mass) and seeds (number and mass) from the different agroecological zones and land use types of Uganda. Fruits were collected from the two land use types in the three agroecological zones and measured for various morphological traits. The study sites were located between 593 and 1,096 meters above sea level. ANOVA was used to test the differences in morphological traits of fruits and seeds between agroecological zones and land use types. The morphological traits relationship was determined using Pearson Correlation Coefficient (R). There were significant (P≤0.05) variations among theT. indicafruits and seed morphological traits within the agroecological zones and land use types. Lake Victoria Crescent agroecological zone recorded higher fruits morphological traits values. Wild and on-farm land use types were superior in fruits and seed traits, respectively. Many seeds per fruit (17) were recorded in Uganda (Eastern agroecological zone) than those recorded elsewhere. Significant uphill positive linear correlations between all morphological traits (P≤0.05) were observed, with the strongest relationships being between seed mass and seed number (R=0.79), fruit mass and fruit length (R=0.75), pulp mass and fruit mass (R=0.73), and seed mass and fruit mass (R=0.73). However, fruit breadth presented slightly weaker positive linear correlations with all other morphological traits. This is the first quantitative evaluation ofT. indicamorphological traits variation in Uganda. Dispersion/variation and correlation relationships suggest that all the studied morphological traits can be used for selection of plus trees for tree breeding improvement such as yield per tree. The observed variations are probably attributed to influence of agroecological zones’ factors, environmental factors, climate, land use types, and farming systems, a reflection ofT. indicaadaptation to different conditions showing high genetic and phenotypic differences to be exploited.

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Armstrong, D. P. "Water use efficiency and profitability on an irrigated dairy farm innorthern Victoria: a case study." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 44, no. 2 (2004): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea02123.

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A study was conducted to look at water use efficiency and profitability on an irrigated dairy farm in northern Victoria. For this case study farm, an economic evaluation was performed for various development options that could result in higher water use efficiency, increased profit, and meet the farm owners' objectives. Water use efficiency was defined as the amount of milk (kg milk fat plus protein) produced from pasture per megalitre of water (irrigation plus effective rainfall).The case study farm data indicated that between 1995–96 and 1998–99 there was no simple, direct association between water use efficiency and profitability. The development options considered included building a new dairy and increasing herd size and either increasing the area of irrigated pasture or intensifying on the existing irrigated area. The likely water use efficiency and economic efficiency were estimated for the various development options. The development budgets suggested that intensifying on the existing irrigated land was the most attractive option, if the predicted improvements in water use efficiency were achieved. This option had an internal rate of return of 64%, broke even after 5 years and was compatible with the objectives of the farm owners.Options that resulted in simultaneous increases in water use efficiency, profitability and labour efficiency appear to be more likely to be adopted than options that focus solely on increasing water use efficiency.

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Makinde, Esther O., and Esther I. Oyebanji. "The Application of Remote Sensing and GIS Technology to Erosion Risk Mapping." Proceedings 2, no. 22 (November 2, 2018): 1398. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2221398.

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Erosion is one of the major problems in Nigeria and Lagos State in particular. The objectives of this research are to identify land use/land cover changes in Eti-Osa LGA and estimate actual erosion risk using Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model. In addition, this research evaluates the perception of communities within the study area with the view of understanding the risk involved in erosion. The result showed that the sediment yield of the study was estimated to be between 0 to 48 ton/ha/yr. The estimated soil losses were higher at Eti-Osa West, parts of Iru/Victoria Island, and Ikoyi/Obalende areas recorded low losses. Land uses mostly affected by very high and severe erosion are the bare soils and the crop lands having about 3% to 4% respectively compared to the others. It was concluded that combination of rainfall, lack of cover for the surface soil, were the major causes of soil loss in the study area.

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Damsma, K. M., M. T. Rose, and T. R. Cavagnaro. "Landscape scale survey of indicators of soil health in grazing systems." Soil Research 53, no. 2 (2015): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr14147.

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In a broad-scale survey across pasture-based grazing systems in south-eastern Victoria, soil biological and chemical properties were measured in an effort to establish baseline levels for commonly used indicators of soil health. Although soil properties were highly variable among sites and biological properties were difficult to predict, total soil C was found to be closely associated with soil cation exchange capacity (CEC). Importantly, the strength and nature of relationships between soil properties differed among soil textural classes. We also measured a range of soil and vegetation properties in a small number of patches of remnant vegetation and their adjacent grazed pastures. This was done in an effort to assess the sensitivity of these measures when used on samples collected from strongly contrasting land-use types. Although some factors, such as mycorrhizal colonisation of roots and soil C, did differ between the two land-use types, other factors measured in this study did not. Together, the findings of this survey provide baseline information on the landscape scale for commonly used indicators of soil health. The study explores relationships between these soil properties and assesses how they differ between two strongly contrasting land-use types. The results are discussed in the context of monitoring soil and vegetation attributes relevant to soil health.

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Surapaneni, A., and K. A. Olsson. "Sodification under conjunctive water use in the Shepparton Irrigation Region of northern Victoria: a review." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 42, no. 3 (2002): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea00179.

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The Shepparton Irrigation Region Land and Water Salinity Management Plan promotes groundwater pumping and re-use for irrigation where groundwater quality and availability allow dilution with channel water (‘conjunctive water use’) to levels that produce minimal production losses from annual and perennial pastures used widely for dairying. In addition, municipal and industrial waste waters are used on a smaller scale for irrigating pastures (and crops). An upper level of irrigation water salinity (expressed as an electrical conductivity of 0.8 dS/m) is currently recommended in the plan. This recommendation is based on empirical data from experiments on unstocked, perennial pasture collected over 2 decades on red-brown earths in the region. While the strategy has, so far, achieved acceptable control of soil salinity levels, while generally maintaining pasture yields, a concern that ‘conjunctive water use’ may not be sustainable in the long term arises from the sodicity of the groundwater and waste waters. The continual addition of sodium to clay soils, initially low in both sodium and electrolytes (upper 0.5 m depth), risks the soils becoming sodified, with attendant soil physical problems should salts be leached to below threshold electrolyte concentrations, as in winter for example. We show that clay soils supporting pastures in the Shepparton Irrigation Region sodify with time under ‘conjunctive water use’. We review evidence for adverse effects of such sodification on soil physical properties affecting plant productivity and hydrologic processes important in the long-term sustainability of the strategy. On-farm management implications of the strategy are discussed and important issues for research are identified.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Land use Victoria Anglesea'

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