Relevant bibliographies by topics / Land use, Rural – Colombia

Academic literature on the topic 'Land use, Rural – Colombia'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Land use, Rural – Colombia"

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Weinstein, Joshua S., Timothy F. Leslie, and Michael E. von Fricken. "Spatial Associations Between Land Use and Infectious Disease: Zika Virus in Colombia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 4 (February 11, 2020): 1127. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17041127.

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Land use boundaries represent human–physical interfaces where risk of vector-borne disease transmission is elevated. Land development practices, coupled with rural and urban land fragmentation, increases the likelihood that immunologically naïve humans will encounter infectious vectors at land use interfaces. This research consolidated land use classes from the GLC-SHARE dataset; calculated landscape metrics in linear (edge) density, proportion abundance, and patch density; and derived the incidence rate ratios of the Zika virus occurrence in Colombia, South America during 2016. Negative binomial regression was used to evaluate vector-borne disease occurrence counts in relation to Population Density, Average Elevation, Per Capita Gross Domestic Product, and each of three landscape metrics. Each kilometer of border length per square kilometer of area increase in the linear density of the Cropland and Grassland classes is associated with an increase in Zika virus risk. These spatial associations inform a risk reduction approach to rural and urban morphology and land development that emphasizes simple and compact land use geometry that decreases habitat availability for mosquito vectors of Zika virus.
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Pardo-Rozo, Yelly-Yamparli, Hernán-Jair Andrade-Castañeda, Jader Muñoz-Ramos, and Jaime-Enrique Velásquez-Restrepo. "Carbon capture in three land use systems in the Colombian Amazonia." Revista de Ciencias Agrícolas 38, no. 2 (September 29, 2021): 111–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.22267/rcia.213802.160.

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The main strategies to combat climate change are reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and increasing carbon sinks in terrestrial ecosystems such as forests, forest plantations, and agroforestry systems. Deforestation and land use changes in the Amazonia bear great responsibility both for the fixation and emission of GHG. The aim of this research was to estimate the carbon stored in above-ground biomass of forests, rubber plantations (Hevea brasiliensis Muell Arg.), and trees in pastures in the Colombian Amazonia piedmont. Data was collected in 40 farms located in the rural area of the municipality of Belén de Los Andaquíes (Colombia). A total of 174 temporal sampling plots of 250 m2 each were established (80 in forests, 40 in rubber plantations and 54 in pastures with trees). In these plots, the diameter at breast height (dbh) was measured in trees with dbh ≥ 10 cm, and the above-ground biomass was estimated with allometric models for the Colombian Amazon. The carbon stored was 154.1 Mg ha-1 in forests, 1.4 Mg ha-1 in pastures with trees and 138.9 Mg ha-1 in rubber plantations. Positive changes for mitigation of climate change could be achieved through the conversion of agricultural areas, mainly pastures, to forests (+560 Mg CO2 ha-1). Likewise, if deforestation stops in the area, the estimated emissions reduction would be 0.16 Tg CO2 year-1.
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Quintero-Gallego, María Eunice, Mauricio Quintero-Angel, and José Joaquín Vila-Ortega. "Exploring land use/land cover change and drivers in Andean mountains in Colombia: A case in rural Quindío." Science of The Total Environment 634 (September 2018): 1288–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.359.

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Nieto-Matiz, Camilo. "Democracy in the countryside: The rural sources of violence against voters in Colombia." Journal of Peace Research 56, no. 2 (December 10, 2018): 264–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022343318802986.

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What are the subnational variations of violence against voters? This article studies the effect of land concentration on electoral violence in the context of armed conflict in Colombia. My central argument is that electoral violence tends to be higher in municipalities where landowners are a relevant social actor. More concretely, in areas where violent groups dispute territorial control, higher levels of land inequality – a proxy for landowner prominence – have a positive effect on electoral violence. However, actors do not make the simple choice between violence or no violence but may also resort to fraudulent tactics. Because electoral fraud requires greater cooperation and coordination with the state, I argue that violent groups with stronger links to state officials and political elites are more likely to engage in fraudulent tactics compared to anti-government actors. To estimate the effect of land inequality on electoral coercion and fraud, I exploit the levels of soil quality as an instrumental variable for land concentration in Colombia between 2002 and 2011. This article contributes to the literature on the politics of land inequality; elections and electoral manipulation; and the use of violence in democratic settings.
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Plata Fajardo, Ana Milena, Julio Cañón, and Raffaele Lafortezza. "The value of rural landscape in Aquitania (Colombia): application of spatial hedonic models in real estate analysis." Cuadernos de Desarrollo Rural 12, no. 76 (February 24, 2016): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.11144/javeriana.cdr12-76.vrla.

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This study addresses the marginal economic value of environmental amenities, structural characteristics, neighborhood facilities, and accessibility on property in Aquitania - Colombia. Based on 400 assessed values of rural land property and on 21 characteristic variables of land amenities and facilities, the study compares three models: Ordinary Least Squares (ols), Spatial Lag Model (slm), and Spatial Error Model (sem). Results show that both slm and sem outperformed ols in identifying the significance of real estate attributes. Results shows that farmers value environmental amenities more than other attributes, being implicit the greater value of cattle over agriculture (onion) in land use. These models may help to support decisions in rural real estate economics.
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Schubert, Rauchecker, Caballero Calvo, and Schütt. "Land Use Changes and Their Perception in the Hinterland of Barranquilla, Colombian Caribbean." Sustainability 11, no. 23 (November 27, 2019): 6729. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11236729.

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The coastal strip of the western peri-urban area of Barranquilla in the Atlántico Department (Colombia) is experiencing changes in human-environment interactions through infrastructure, residential, and tourism projects in a vulnerable landscape. In the hilly area, fragments of biodiverse tropical dry forest still exist in various states of conservation and degradation. To understand the interrelated social, economic, and ecological transformations in the area, we analyzed land use change on the local scale including the local community’s perception, because the local community is a key actor for sustainable land use. For the analysis of the interrelated social, economic, and ecological processes, we combined visual interpretation of high-resolution satellite imagery, on-site field land use mapping, and a spatial statistical analysis of the distribution of land use classes with in-depth interviews and a participatory GIS workshop, thus benefitting from the complementary methodological strengths of these approaches. The case study is the rural community of El Morro, which exhibits the typical social, economic, and ecological changes of the coastal strip of the western peri-urban area of Barranquilla. The local community perceives a continuous loss of forest area, but observations from on-site field mapping cannot confirm this linear trend. We observed a gradual replacement of traditional land uses such as smallholder agriculture, charcoal production, and cattle breeding by services for tourism, gated community projects for urban dwellers, and infrastructure projects; these spatial developments have several characteristics of rural gentrification. We conclude that the drivers of environmental degradation have changed and the degradation increased. The development projects of external companies have been rejected by the local community and have induced environmental consciousness among community members. Thus, the local community has become an advocate for sustainable land use in the study area.
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Boron, Valeria, Esteban Payán, Douglas MacMillan, and Joseph Tzanopoulos. "Achieving sustainable development in rural areas in Colombia: Future scenarios for biodiversity conservation under land use change." Land Use Policy 59 (December 2016): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2016.08.017.

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Schubert, Henry, Andrés Caballero Calvo, Markus Rauchecker, Oscar Rojas-Zamora, Grischa Brokamp, and Brigitta Schütt. "Assessment of Land Cover Changes in the Hinterland of Barranquilla (Colombia) Using Landsat Imagery and Logistic Regression." Land 7, no. 4 (December 6, 2018): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land7040152.

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Barranquilla is known as a dynamically growing city in the Colombian Caribbean. Urbanisation induces land use and land cover (LULC) changes in the city and its hinterland affecting the region’s climate and biodiversity. This paper aims to identify the trends of land use and land cover changes in the hinterland of Barranquilla corresponding to 13 municipalities in the north of the Department Atlántico. Landsat TM/ETM/OLI imagery from 1985 to 2017 was used to map and analyse the spatio-temporal development of land use and land cover changes. During the investigation period, the settlement areas grew by approximately 50% (from 103.3 to 153.6 km2), while areas with woody vegetation cover experienced dynamic changes and increased in size since 2001. Peri-urban and rural areas were characterized by highly dynamic changes, particularly regarding clearing and recovery of vegetated areas. Regression analyses were performed to identify the impact factors of detected vegetation cover changes. Computed logistic regression models included 20 independent variables, such as relief, climate, soil, proximity characteristics and socio-economic data. The results of this study may act as a basis to enable researchers and decision-makers to focus on the most important signals of systematic landscape transformations and on the conservation of ecosystems and the services they provide.
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Vélez‐Torres, Irene, Daniel Varela, Víctor Cobo‐Medina, and Diana Hurtado. "Beyond property: Rural politics and land‐use change in the Colombian sugarcane landscape." Journal of Agrarian Change 19, no. 4 (August 2019): 690–710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/joac.12332.

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Green, W. John. "Left Liberalism and Race in the Evolution of Colombian Popular National Identity." Americas 57, no. 1 (July 2000): 95–124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003161500030224.

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Though a nation of discordant regionalism and historically weak central institutions, Colombia can paradoxically claim strong currents of popular national identity. It is well known that long centuries of relative economic isolation, coupled with Colombia's largely subsistence internal economy and torturous topography, provided few opportunities to integrate the nation's different regions. Such conditions resulted in fractured regional identities and racial compositions. What few links to the world market Colombia enjoyed before the late nineteenth century came from the mining of gold, with short episodes of tobacco and quinine exportation. Only in the 1880s and later did coffee production finally reorient the nation's economy and introduce new questions of land tenure and social relations. Colombia's fiercely partisan political system evolved during the nineteenth century, therefore, when the country was still overwhelmingly rural, inward-looking, and little more than a collection of semi-autonomous regions. Keith Christie noted that before the 1950s, regionalism was so strong that “Bogotá was essentially just another provincial capital.” As a consequence, the national army in the nineteenth century seldom proved more powerful than the many rebel armies it faced. Indeed, according to the basic Weberian definition of the “state” as the entity that controls a monopoly on the legitimate use of force, and evidenced by the fact that the national government still does not control large portions of the country's territory, Colombia's central state structures continue to be glaringly weak at the end of the twentieth century.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Land use, Rural – Colombia"

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Nieswiadomy, Mark S. "Land reform and conflict resolution in Colombia." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2003. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/03Dec%5FNieswiadomy.pdf.

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Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2003.
Thesis advisor(s): Harold Trinkunas, Jeanne Giraldo. Includes bibliographical references (p. 109-117). Also available online.
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Peralta-Mahecha, Gustavo. "Rural-to-urban land-use conversion and sustainable urban development : the case of Bogotá, Colombia." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.427119.

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Chung, Wai-hong Laurence. "Level of success of the statutory planning system in preserving & guiding development of our rural environment /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B20667590.

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Rodríguez, Eraso Nelly. "Land-cover and land-use change and deforestation in Colombia: spatial dynamics, drivers and modelling." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/84004.

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Este estudio analiza el cambio en la cobertura y uso del suelo con énfasis en los procesos de deforestación en dos regiones contrastantes de Colombia: Andes y Guyana, entre 1985 y 2005. Se aplicó un enfoque espacial y temporal a partir del análisis del cambio de uso y cobertura del suelo (LULCC) para evaluar y predecir los procesos de cambios asociándolos a variables explicativas y junto con métricas del paisaje y sistemas de información geográfica se analizaron patrones y tendencias de deforestación. La utilización del suelo es el resultado de la interacción de una serie de factores biofísicos, económicos, tecnológicos, institucionales, culturales, etc, que operan en un rango de escalas espaciales y temporales y se correlacionan con los procesos y patrones del paisaje. Dado que los cambios en el uso de la tierra son cada vez más rápidos, es necesario comprender las fuerzas que impulsan esos cambios y predecir sus efectos sobre los procesos del ecosistema o del ambiente global La información de cobertura del suelo para el presente estudio se basó en la interpretación de imágenes satelitales y las variables explicativas incluyeron datos biofísicos y socioeconómicos provenientes de una amplia gama de fuentes de información. Para la región de los Andes, el enfoque se dirigió a la aplicación de modelos de cambio de la tierra y de deforestación entre bosques montanos (montane forest) y bosques de piedemonte (lowland forest), usando enfoques espacialmente explícitos (Land Change Modeler-LCM) y modelos lineales generalizados (GLM). A nivel de la región de la Guayana, se estudiaron los patrones de deforestación en los modelos de ocupación típicos de la región, comparando tasas de cambio, patrones del paisaje y efectividad de figuras de conservación. Finalmente se modelizo el potencial de cambio futuro en ambas regiones prediciendo su evolución e identificando zonas de alto riesgo de deforestación y sus implicaciones frente a la conservación de la biodiversidad. Las tasas de deforestación varían entre las regiones y al interior de ellas. Para los Andes la tasa anual de deforestación fue de 1.41%, mientras que para Guayana de 0.25%; sin embargo en Guyana se evidenciaron las mayores tasas asociadas con una fase rápida e intermedia de pérdida de bosque en un modelo de transición de colono a establecimientos permanentes. Los modelos utilizados en esta tesis, sugiere que el modelo espacial de LCM basado en probabilidades de Markov tiene un mejor respuesta para explicar los cambios en el uso del suelo que los modelos lineales generalizados. La variable explicativa que mayor incide en los procesos de cambio de uso del suelo y deforestación es la distancia de las carreteras, pero existen variables como la actividad económica, pendiente, distancia a pastos y precipitación que impulsan procesos de cambio y el peso de estas variables depende del tipo de bosques y la región. Los resultados de esta tesis mostraron que algunas figuras de protección como el sistema de parques naturales nacionales y los resguardos indígenas pueden ser efectivas para frenar procesos de deforestación y que las zonas de transición entre Andes y Amazonia, Orinoquia y Magdalena Medio se encuentran bajo una mayor amenaza de conversión probable debido a su accesibilidad y migración de la población. Finalmente, una mejor comprensión de la dinámica de LULCC en Colombia, es un paso importante en el desarrollo de estrategias de planificación del territorio y conservación de la región y las investigaciones futuras deberán evaluar la incidencia de las políticas nacionales tales como tenencia de la tierra, REDD, políticas sectoriales, económicas y energéticas ante cambios en el uso del suelo y la deforestación.
This study analyzes the land cover change with emphasis on the deforestation processes in two contrasting regions of Colombia: Andes and Guyana between 1985 and 2005. A spatial and temporal statistical approach was applied from the analysis of land cover change to evaluate and predict the processes of change associated with explanatory variables and together with metrics of landscape and systems of information patterns and tendencies of deforestation were analyzed. Land use is the result of the interaction of a series of biophysical, economic, technologic, institutional and cultural factors, among others, that operate in a level of spatial and temporal scales and correlate with landscape processes and partners. Given land change are faster and faster, it is necessary to understand the strengths that drive those changes and predict their effects on the processes of the ecosystem or the global environment. Land use information for this study was based on the interpretation of satellite images and the explanatory variables including biophysical and socioeconomic data from a wide range of source of information. For the Andean region, the approach was directed towards the application of land change and deforestation models in montane and lowland forests, using Land Change Modeler – LCM and Generalized Lineal Models (GLM). At the level of La Guyana region, the patterns of deforestation were studied in the models of typical occupation of the region, comparing change rates, landscape patterns and effectiveness of figures of conservation. Finally the potential of change was modeled in both regions predicting its evolution and identifying zones of high risk of deforestation and their implications in the conservation of the biodiversity. The rates of deforestation vary in the regions and in the inside of them. For the Andean region the annual rate of deforestation was 1.41%, whereas for Guyana was 0.25%; however in Guyana the highest rates were showed associated with a fast and intermediate stage of loss of forest in a transition model from settler to permanent establishment. The models used in this thesis, suggest that the spatial model of LCM based on probabilities of Markov has a better response to explain land use changes than the generalized lineal models. The explanatory variable that greatly affect in land use change processes is the distance of roads, but variables like the economic activity, slope, distance to pasture and precipitation exist and drive processes of change and the burden of these variables depend on the type of forests and the region. The results of this thesis showed that some figures of protection like the system of National Natural Parks and the indigenous reserves can be effective to hold deforestation processes back and that the transition zones between Andes and Amazonia, Orinoquia and Magdalena Medio are under a greater threat of conversion probably because of their accessibility and migration of the population. Finally, a better understanding of the dynamic of LULCC in Colombia, is an important step in the development of strategies of planning of the territory and conservation of the region and the future investigations must evaluate the incident of the national policies, like land ownership, REDD, sectorial, economic and energetic policies in the view of land use change and the deforestation.
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Farah-Quijano, Maria Adelaida. "Bargaining over money and land : Changing intra-household gender relations in rural Colombia." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.527637.

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This thesis examines transformations in spouses' bargaining power regarding land and money within rural households over the last 70 years and underlying factors in the context of both long-standing and recent rural changes in Colombia. The research takes an intra-household perspective drawing on Sen's cooperativeconflict model, separate spheres bargaining models and Kabeer's framework of power across institutional sites, as well as other feminists' contributions to bargaining models. The thesis uses the life course theory to draw out interrelated factors (e.g. material, ideological, emotional and state interventions) which have affected intra-household bargaining power regarding assets over time in the larger socio-economic context of Latin America's new rurality. The research settings are two villages in a rural municipality in the central region of the Colombian Andes. One of these, Romita, has undergone substantial change with an increasing population and diversification of its productive activities towards non-farm activities. The population of the second village, Pefia Blanca, has decreased and the diversification of productive activities is not as evident. Through a detailed study of intra-household gender relations I have demonstrated in this thesis that spouses make decisions about money and land more jointly now than before, irrespective of what each contributes in terms of money and independently of whether or not s/he owns land. This trend towards more joint decisions about money and land has been largely determined by the fact that joint household headship is increasingly becoming as the social norm and practice in Paipan households. In many cases joint household headship coexists with two separate heads and even with husband-centred household headship. A household model representing just one of these types of household headship cannot explain the simultaneous presence of different types of headships within one household in rural settings such as Paipa. These changes to social norms and practices of household headship have occurred due to the influence of changes in civil law, although the former have been slower to change than the legislation. Shifts in notions and practices of household headship and in law have been linked to women's greater awareness of their personal practical and strategic interests regarding money and land.
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Asaaga, Festus Atribawuni. "Land rights, tenure security and sustainable land use in rural Ghana." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:0ca818c1-aba7-45d5-b823-de92099ce148.

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The return to the customary or integration of customary and statutory tenure systems to continue gain currency in both contemporary policy and academic discourses on land tenure as an alternative pathway towards enhancing security of access and tenure in the sub-Saharan African context. Central to the debates are issues concerning the relevance of customary land tenure arrangements and appropriate pathways to successfully engineer the process of harmonization toward improved tenure security whilst preserving of the communitarian principles of local tenure systems. Using two case studies in rural Ghana, this study investigated the prevailing land tenure arrangements, practices and socio-political dynamics that underpin them, highlighting the challenges and opportunities that need to be addressed for the successful adaptation of customary tenure rules and institutions into the statutory system towards improved tenure security and sustainable land management. The research employed a mixture of qualitative and quantitative methods including interviews, focus group discussions and questionnaires to collate and analyse data from sampled respondents in Kakum and Ankasa in southern Ghana. The results of the investigation revealed that contrary to the mainstream view that customary tenure arrangements are incapable of providing tenure security in the face on ongoing transformations, the perceived tenure security of respondents was generally high in the study areas. This notwithstanding, it was observed that the emerging patterns of access and control (occasioned by increasing land scarcity and commodification) have resulted in social differentiation and inequalities in land access and distribution amongst the poor and vulnerable members of the landholding groups including women and the youth. The research also showed that aside from tenure security, other important contextual factors including access to credit, modernised agricultural inputs and targeted extension service support significantly influence households' investment decisions regarding adoption of sustainable land management practices. These findings have far-reaching implications for current land tenure interventions aimed at harmonising customary and statutory tenure structures for improved tenure security and sustainable land management. Results of the investigation were used to develop a three-phase incremental framework on formalisation of customary land rights which could serve as bespoke framework to guide the design of land tenure intervention strategies and implementation towards addressing local tenure insecurity in the specific context of the study areas and sub-Saharan Africa generally. The major conclusion of the research is that balancing the market efficiency and social equity considerations is necessary and should be pursued under the ongoing land tenure reforms for inclusive and equitable outcomes at the local level. This derives from the fact that the existing tenurial challenges are complex and context-specific, equally requiring well-balanced and nuanced solutions to effectively address them.
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Kwok, Chi-wo Simon. "The Hong Kong government's policy on land use in the New Territories : a land use management and environmental protection perspective /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B14023854.

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Johnston, Terry. "Local government rural land use planning in B.C." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29957.

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The objectives of this study are threefold: 1. to provide an understanding of the need for rural land use planning; 2. to describe and compare British Columbia's, Alberta's, Ontario's and Saskatchewan's current system for rural land use planning; and 3. if applicable, suggest improvements to B.C's rural planning process as a result of the research conducted. A historical review of the need for rural planning and land use controls has been conducted in conjunction with research into present day trends. In addition, regional district officials from around the province were contacted in order to obtain their views on rural planning in B.C. This research establishes the need for rural planning, but raises questions about the public's perception of the planning process. To obtain information on alternative planning processes, research is conducted on rural planning in Alberta, Ontario, and Saskatchewan. This information is then evaluated through a comparative analysis with the planning process used prior to Bill 62 and the new Rural Land Use Bylaw. The evaluation concludes that the Rural Land Use Bylaw is preferred over the pre-Bill 62 planning legislation. Incorporating what has been learned in previous chapters, this study concludes by presenting suggestions for amending the existing legislation in order to further simplify the planning process. Additional areas for new research are also detailed in order that planners can strive for a more flexible and responsive planning process to serve the rural public.
Applied Science, Faculty of
Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of
Graduate
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Bashaasha, Bernard. "Public Policy and Rural Land Use in Uganda." Connect to resource, 1998. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1216922017.

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Yip, Kwok-kuen Kevin. "Strategies for developing Hong Kong rural land /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25939415.

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Books on the topic "Land use, Rural – Colombia"

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Instituto Colombiano de la Reforma Agraria. Colombia: Tierra y paz : experiencias y caminos para la reforma agraria alternativas para el siglo XXI, 1961-2001. Bogotá]: INCORA, 2002.

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Layered inequalities: Land grabbing, collective land rights and Afro-descendant resistance in Colombia. Berlin: Lit, 2014.

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Firms, farms, and the state in Colombia: A study of rural, urban, and regional dimensions of change. Boston: Allen & Unwin, 1986.

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Colombia. Misión de Estudios del Sector Agropecuario. El desarrollo agropecuario en Colombia: Informe final. Bogotá, D.E: Ministerio de Agricultura, 1990.

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La ferme du Colombier à Varennes-sur-Seine (XVIe-XVIIIe siècles): Expression matérielle de l'ascension sociale d'élites rurales en milieu humide. Paris: CNRS éditions, 2012.

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Ahmed, Alauddin. Rural land use in Bangladesh. Kotbari, Comilla: Bangladesh Academy for Rural Development, 1995.

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Handel, Mary E. Land use reference guide. Sacramento, Calif. (2300 River Plaza Dr., Sacramento 95833): California Farm Bureau Federation, 1997.

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Wunderlich, Gene. Transfers of rural land. [Rockville, MD]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, 1989.

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Muchoki, C. H. K. Land use in Murang'a District. Nairobi: KREMU, Ministry of Planning and National Development, Kenya, 1985.

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Muchoki, C. H. K. Land use in Kwale District. Nairobi: Dept. of Resource Surveys and Remote Sensing, Ministry of Planning and National Development, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Land use, Rural – Colombia"

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Cheng, Long. "Rural Densification Under China’s Link Policy." In Contemporary China’s Land Use Policy, 73–87. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8331-5_5.

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Cheng, Long. "China’s Rural Transformation and The Link Policy." In Contemporary China’s Land Use Policy, 27–57. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8331-5_3.

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Corellano, Francisco Pellicer. "Role of Land Surface Relief in Land Use Allocation." In Rural Planning from an Environmental Systems Perspective, 43–64. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-1448-9_3.

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Gallent, Nick, Iqbal Hamiduddin, Meri Juntti, Nicola Livingstone, and Phoebe Stirling. "Land-Use Continuity: Farmland and Old Wineries." In New Money in Rural Areas, 33–76. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0770-6_4.

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Darly, Ségolène, André Torre, and Camille Olivier. "Smart land use for smart rural development." In Smart Development for Rural Areas, 68–90. Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2020. | Series: Regions and cities ; 143: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429354670-5.

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Long, Hualou. "Rural Housing Land Transition in China." In Land Use Transitions and Rural Restructuring in China, 161–234. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4924-3_3.

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van der Heide, C. Martijn, Koen P. Overmars, and Roel A. Jongeneel. "Land use modelling for sustaining multiple functions in the rural countryside with an application in the Achterhoek Region, the Netherlands." In Multifunctional Land Use, 251–68. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-36763-5_15.

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Glaría, Germán, and M. Angeles Ceñal. "Land Use Allocation and Environmental Impact Assessment in Land Planning." In Rural Planning from an Environmental Systems Perspective, 289–314. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-1448-9_15.

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van Lier, Hubert. "Planning for Sustainable Rural Land-Use Systems." In The GeoJournal Library, 189–210. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3471-4_10.

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Long, Hualou. "Adjusting and Controlling Land Use Transitions." In Land Use Transitions and Rural Restructuring in China, 519–41. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4924-3_12.

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Conference papers on the topic "Land use, Rural – Colombia"

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Perez Gokelaere, Natacha. "CARACTERIZACIÓN DE PROCESOS DE PERIURBANIZACIÓN FOCALIZADO EN LOS CORREDORES VIALES Subdivisión de suelo, motor de urbanización en los corredores viales periurbanos de Yopal." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Bogotá: Universidad Piloto de Colombia, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.10126.

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In the case of the city of Yopal, in the department of Casanare, in Colombia, the mutations of the urban-rural borders around the road corridors allow a reflection on the essence of the definition of a peri-urban space. Starting from the problem of the lack of integration of the phenomenon of land subdivision at the edge of road corridors and the configuration of its analogous activities in territorial planning tools, the present study observes this manifestation, crossing the variables of the use of soil and morphology characterizing the peri-urban and rural on the roadside. The analysis focuses on a case study of a road corridor with a regional mobility approach, to observe the repercussions of the new dynamics of journeys, transport, housing and work, among others, on the city. Keywords: urban dispersion, peri-urbanization, road corridors, Latin America Topic: Urban morphology En el caso de la ciudad de Yopal, del departamento de Casanare, en Colombia, las mutaciones de los bordes urbano-rurales en los alrededores de los corredores viales permiten una reflexión sobre la esencia de la definición de un espacio periurbano. Partiendo del problema de la falta de la integración del fenómeno de la subdivisión de suelo en el borde de los corredores viales y la configuración de sus actividades análogas en las herramientas de planificación territorial, el presente estudio observa esta manifestación, cruzando las variables del uso de suelo y de morfología caracterizando lo periurbano y lo rural en el borde de carretera. El análisis se centra en un caso de estudio de un corredor vial con enfoque de movilidad regional, para observar las repercusiones de las nuevas dinámicas de trayectos, transporte, vivienda y trabajo entre otros sobre la ciudad. Palabras clave: dispersión urbana, periurbanización, corredores viales, Latino América Bloque temático: morfologías urbanas
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GURSKIENĖ, Virginija, and Justina JATUŽYTĖ. "LAND USE IN ŽUVINTAS BIOSPHERE RESERVE." In Rural Development 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2015.053.

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The aim of the study – to assess the current land use and sustainable farming possibilities in the area of the Žuvintas Biosphere Reserve. Mathematical statistical analysis, graphing, interviews, induction and other methods were used during the research. Agricultural censuses, agricultural land and crop declaration (that had been carried out between the years 2012 and 2014) and some other data were analyzed. Intensive farming was established in the group of agrarian areas landscape management zones: conventional industrial farming in the landscape management zone. In the analyzed Simnas, Krosna and Igliauka subdistricts land is used quite extensively, therefore restructuring, in order to improve the ecological conditions, is possible not reducing the volume of production, but in accordance with the guidelines. In the territory of the Žuvintas Biosphere Reserve the declared crop area increased by 0.4 per cent from 2012 to 2014, perennial grass area increased by 4.01 per cent. Sustainable farming was set in the Amalvas polder and peat soils as well as in areas sensitive to surface and groundwater pollution. In the major part of the polder extensive agriculture is developed, it is mainly natural grasslands and pastures as well as cultivated grasslands. SWOT analysis was performed.
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ATKOCEVIČIENĖ, Virginija, Jolanta VALČIUKIENĖ, Daiva JUKNELIENĖ, and Edita JUOČYTĖ. "LAND USE AND PLANNING IN RURAL AREAS (A CASE STUDY OF GIEDRAIČIAI SUBDISTRICT)." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.022.

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The rational use of land should be ensured, soil-friendly agricultural branches should be developed as well as attractive environment for work, living and resting in the countryside should be created in promoting rural development in Lithuania. Areas with favourable natural conditions have a high degree of economic activity, farm size, and economic development. However, not everywhere the natural conditions for the development of agriculture are favourable. The research was carried out in the Giedraičiai rural area of Molėtai district, which deals with the factors influencing the use of land, the declared area of land, the problem of land abandonment. The methods of legal analysis, analysis of literature, analysis, comparison and aggregation of statistical data were used during the research. After the fulfilment of the analysis of the declared area of land during the period between the years 2012 and 2016, it was established that the area of agricultural land declared during the five years increased by 655 hectares, the number of farmers who declared agricultural land decreased by 104, and the number of declared parcels declined even to 1729. The process of the growing of farms is likely to occur. The area of abandoned land in Giedraičiai subdistrict reaches 300 hectares, the number of abandoned areas exceeds 800. Estimating the statistical data and solutions of the general plan of the Molėtai district area preliminary solutions for the management of the territory of the Giedraičiai subdistrict for agriculture and rural development are being provided, i.e. it is planned to implement rural development land use planning projects for the management of farms, and to select a farmhouse farm site. To reduce the abandoned land areas, it is advisable to plan forests, expand the areas of meadows and natural pastures, apply organic farming and adapt the areas for recreation.
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MALIENE, Vida, and Ruta DICIUNAITE-RAUKTIENE. "FACTORS INFLUENCING CITIES PEDESTRIAN STREET FUNCTIONALITY AND SUSTAINABLE LAND USE." In Rural Development 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2015.052.

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The public space encourages social exchange, develops and maintains social groups and allows the exchange of public messages. When the public space and public life are not supported in the community, there is no one to communicate with, people become isolated, less inclined to help or support each other. Public space is the scene of public life that promotes a sense of community, sense of place, human connection and communication as well as dependence sensation. High-quality and well-managed public space is a benefit to the city's economy, creating shelter from the car-centred life and move to a more natural environment as well as significant urban land use. Therefore, in recent times, in order to establish the right conditions in cities for different human needs, great attention is paid not only to the development of physical infrastructure, but also to other aspects that will help to create sustainable balance of social, economic and environmental aspects. One of the quality of life in the city return ways is the release of urban spaces for pedestrians. Until these days the pedestrian zones are extended little by little, resulting in disposal of the car parking-lots and improved cycling and other transport facilities. Sustainable use of urban pedestrian zones would provide economic, social, environmental and cultural benefits only if these aspects are combined with each other. The aim of the article is to distinguish and critically analyse (on the basis of a literature review) factors influencing the functionality and sustainable development of pedestrian streets. Article object – cities pedestrian street. The study was conducted using scientific publishing content analysis and synthesis techniques. This article is an overview.
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PILVERE, Irina, Aleksejs NIPERS, and Bartosz MICKIEWICZ. "BIOECONOMY DEVELOPMENT POTENTIAL BASED ON MORE EFFICIENT LAND USE IN THE EU." In Rural Development 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2015.101.

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Europe 2020 Strategy highlights bioeconomy as a key element for smart and green growth in Europe. Bioeconomy in this case includes agriculture, forestry, fisheries, food and pulp and paper production, parts of chemical, biotechnological and energy industries and plays an important role in the EU’s economy. The growth of key industries of bioeconomy – agriculture and forestry – highly depends on an efficient and productive use of land as a production resource. The overall aim of this paper is to evaluate opportunities for development of the main sectors of bioeconomy (agriculture and forestry) in the EU based on the available resources of land. To achieve this aim, several methods were used – monographic, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, statistical analysis methods. The findings show that it is possible to improve the use of land in the EU Member States. If all the Member States reached the average EU level, agricultural products worth EUR 77 bln would be annually additionally produced, which is 19 % more than in 2014, and an extra 5 billion m3 volume of forest growing stock would be gained, which is 20 % more than in 2010.
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KUROWSKA, Krystyna, and Roman RUDNICKI. "CHANGES IN LAND USE IN POLAND – COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PERIOD 2002–2010." In Rural Development 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2015.114.

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Land is the most important means of production in agriculture. Valuation of agricultural land resources takes into account the acreage and land quality. Changes in the land use structure are stimulated by many factors. It ought to be remembered that the farmland also provide space for purposes other than agriculture or forestry. The paper presents those changes in the land use structure in Poland which took place in the period of 2002–2010. On the basis of the data by the Central Statistical Office [GUS] and its Agricultural Censuses of 2002 and 2010 the authors propose an agricultural holding territorial importance indicator, land location indicator, change indicator for agricultural land turned into non-agricultural land and analyse the total area of agricultural holdings. The major determinants (internal and external factors) of those changes are also described. The aim of the study is to analyse the changes taking place in the Polish agriculture. They were taken into account natural, ecological and urban determinants as well as to the Common Agricultural Policy. The analyses were conducted at the level of voivodships and poviats and were contained agriculture land and non-agriculture land. The area of agricultural land is decreasing as it is being dedicated for other – non-agricultural – purposes, especially for housing purposes.
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Schrecengost, Jenna M., and Christopher G. Hughes. "LAND COVER / LAND USE CHANGE OF RURAL WESTERN PENNSYLVANIA." In 51st Annual Northeastern GSA Section Meeting. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016ne-271897.

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Peng, Cheng, Cheng Chen, and Huaji Zhu. "Construction of rural land use knowledge map." In International Conference on Computer Science and Communication Technology (ICCSCT 2022), edited by Yingfa Lu and Changbo Cheng. SPIE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2662736.

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OGRYZEK, Marek. "AFFORESTATION IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME AND ITS ROLE IN CHANGING LAND USE STRUCTURE." In Rural Development 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2015.048.

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The paper deals with EU financial support mechanisms for agricultural holdings (in terms of spatial differentiation) and includes the issues related to a range of activities within the Rural Development Plan/Programme [Polish: PROW] which were conducted between 2002 and 2004 (Rural Development Plan) and between 2007 and 2010 (Rural Development Programme 2007–2013) and with regard to the organisation and technological development of agriculture, i.e. afforestation. The research demonstrated serious territorial differences in the amount and structure of European funds acquired by agricultural holdings in poviats located in the Warmińsko- Mazurskie voivodeship. Two indices were used in the study: poviat activity (comparison of the number of applications submitted) and absorption of funds in agricultural holdings (comparison of the number of payments made) which were considered together as a composite index of EU fund utilisation, whereby the funds acquired in the periods of 2004–2006 and 2007–2010 were treated separately. A holistic analysis was also carried out and it included the entirety of European Programme Measures, with special attention paid to the differences between spatial patterns observed between 2004 and 2010 per 1 ha of forest. Additionally, a co-relation between poviat activity, payments made and forest land area was analysed. The study included also the relationship between the absorption index and the forest land area. It has been shown that the Common Agricultural Policy [Polish: WPR] instruments dedicated for pro-ecological agricultural activities in poviats of the Warmińsko-Mazurskie voivodship – mostly with regard to afforestation – contribute to spatial changes in the land use structure.
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Cintina, Vita, and Vivita Pukite. "Analysis of influencing factors of use of agricultural land." In Research for Rural Development, 2018. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/rrd.24.2018.028.

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Reports on the topic "Land use, Rural – Colombia"

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Martinuzzi, Sebastian, William A. Gould, Olga M. Ramos Gonzalez, Maya Quinones, and Michael E. Jimenez. Urban and rural land use in Puerto Rico. San Juan, PR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, International Institute of Tropical Forestry, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/iitf-rmap-1.

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Hickman, Clifford A., and Kevin D. Crowther. Economic impacts of current-use assessment of rural land in the east Texas pineywoods region. New Orleans, LA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Forest Experiment Station, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/so-rp-261.

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Verburg, Peter H., Žiga Malek, Sean P. Goodwin, and Cecilia Zagaria. The Integrated Economic-Environmental Modeling (IEEM) Platform: IEEM Platform Technical Guides: User Guide for the IEEM-enhanced Land Use Land Cover Change Model Dyna-CLUE. Inter-American Development Bank, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003625.

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The Conversion of Land Use and its Effects modeling framework (CLUE) was developed to simulate land use change using empirically quantified relations between land use and its driving factors in combination with dynamic modeling of competition between land use types. Being one of the most widely used spatial land use models, CLUE has been applied all over the world on different scales. In this document, we demonstrate how the model can be used to develop a multi-regional application. This means, that instead of developing numerous individual models, the user only prepares one CLUE model application, which then allocates land use change across different regions. This facilitates integration with the Integrated Economic-Environmental Modeling (IEEM) Platform for subnational assessments and increases the efficiency of the IEEM and Ecosystem Services Modeling (IEEMESM) workflow. Multi-regional modelling is particularly useful in larger and diverse countries, where we can expect different spatial distributions in land use changes in different regions: regions of different levels of achieved socio-economic development, regions with different topographies (flat vs. mountainous), or different climatic regions (dry vs humid) within a same country. Accounting for such regional differences also facilitates developing ecosystem services models that consider region specific biophysical characteristics. This manual, and the data that is provided with it, demonstrates multi-regional land use change modeling using the country of Colombia as an example. The user will learn how to prepare the data for the model application, and how the multi-regional run differs from a single-region simulation.
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Bonilla-Mejía, Leonardo, and Erika Londoño-Ortega. Geographic Isolation and Learning in Rural Schools. Banco de la República, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/be.1169.

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Rural schools are usually behind in terms of learning, and part of this could be related to geographical isolation. We explore this hypothesis, assessing the effect of distance between rural schools and local governments on learning in Colombia. We use spatial discontinuous regression models based on detailed administrative records from the education system and granular geographic information. Results indicate that distance to towns and Secretary of Education has significant negative effects on students’ standardized test scores. We evaluated alternative mechanisms, finding that the effect of distance is partly explained by differences in critical educational inputs, such as teachers’ education attainment and contract stability. Finally, we assess the mediating role of a program providing monetary incentives to teachers and principals in remote areas.
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Phuong, Vu Tan, Nguyen Van Truong, and Do Trong Hoan. Commune-level institutional arrangements and monitoring framework for integrated tree-based landscape management. World Agroforestry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/wp21024.pdf.

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Governance is a difficult task in the context of achieving landscape multifunctionality owing to the multiplicity of stakeholders, institutions, scale and ecosystem services: the ‘many-multiple’ (Cockburn et al 2018). Governing and managing the physical landscape and the actors in the landscape requires intensive knowledge and good planning systems. Land-use planning is a powerful instrument in landscape governance because it directly guides how actors will intervene in the physical landscape (land use) to gain commonly desired value. It is essential for sustaining rural landscapes and improving the livelihoods of rural communities (Bourgoin and Castella 2011, Bourgoin et al 2012, Rydin 1998), ensuring landscape multifunctionality (Nelson et al 2009, Reyers et al 2012) and enhancing efficiency in carbon sequestration, in particular (Bourgoin et al 2013, Cathcart et al 2007). It is also considered critical to the successful implementation of land-based climate mitigation, such as under Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), because the Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF) sector is included in the mitigation contributions of nearly 90 percent of countries in Sub-Saharan and Southern Asia countries and in the Latin American and Caribbean regions (FAO 2016). Viet Nam has been implementing its NDC, which includes forestry and land-based mitigation options under the LULUCF sector. The contribution of the sector to committed national emission reduction is significant and cost-effective compared with other sectors. In addition to achieving emission reduction targets, implementation of forestry and land-based mitigation options has the highest benefits for social-economic development and achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (MONRE 2020). Challenges, however, lie in the way national priorities and targets are translated into sub-national delivery plans and the way sub-national actors are brought together in orchestration (Hsu et al 2019) in a context where the legal framework for climate-change mitigation is elaborated at national rather than sub-national levels and coordination between government bodies and among stakeholders is generally ineffective (UNDP 2018). In many developing countries, conventional ‘top–down’, centralized land-use planning approaches have been widely practised, with very little success, a result of a lack of flexibility in adapting local peculiarities (Amler et al 1999, Ducourtieux et al 2005, Kauzeni et al 1993). In forest–agriculture mosaic landscapes, the fundamental question is how land-use planning can best conserve forest and agricultural land, both as sources of economic income and environmental services (O’Farrell and Anderson 2010). This paper provides guidance on monitoring integrated tree-based landscape management at commune level, based on the current legal framework related to natural resource management (land and forest) and the requirements of national green-growth development and assessment of land uses in two communes in Dien Bien and Son La provinces. The concept of integrated tree based landscape management in Viet Nam is still new and should be further developed for wider application across levels.
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Wiggins, Steve, Marco Carreras, and Amrita Saha. Returns to Commercialisation: Gross Margins of Commercial Crops Grown by Smallholders in Sub-Saharan Africa. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/apra.2022.013.

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What are the returns to smallholders when they grow commercial crops for sale in rural Africa? The gross value of production per hectare is sometimes reported, with some recent estimates ranging from as much as US$10,000/ha for irrigated vegetables in Zimbabwe to as little as US$250 for sunflower grown on semi-arid land without irrigation in central Tanzania. Gross value, however, takes no account of the costs farmers incur in growing their crops. In this paper, we use gross margin (GM) analysis to take account of those costs and give a truer estimate of the returns to farmers.
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Phuong, Vu Tan, Nguyen Van Truong, Do Trong Hoan, Hoang Nguyen Viet Hoa, and Nguyen Duy Khanh. Understanding tree-cover transitions, drivers and stakeholders’ perspectives for effective landscape governance: a case study of Chieng Yen Commune, Son La Province, Viet Nam. World Agroforestry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/wp21023.pdf.

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Integrated landscape management for sustainable livelihoods and positive environmental outcomes has been desired by many developing countries, especially for mountainous areas where agricultural activities, if not well managed, will likely degrade vulnerable landscapes. This research was an attempt to characterize the landscape in Chieng Yen Commune, Son La Province in Northwest Viet Nam to generate knowledge and understanding of local conditions and to propose a workable governance mechanism to sustainably manage the landscape. ICRAF, together with national partners — Vietnamese Academy of Forest Sciences, Soil and Fertilizer Research Institute — and local partners — Son La Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, Son La Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Chieng Yen Commune People’s Committee — conducted rapid assessments in the landscape, including land-use mapping, land-use characterization, a household survey and participatory landscape assessment using an ecosystem services framework. We found that the landscape and peoples’ livelihoods are at risk from the continuous degradation of forest and agricultural land, and declining productivity, ecosystem conditions and services. Half of households live below the poverty line with insufficient agricultural production for subsistence. Unsustainable agricultural practices and other livelihood activities are causing more damage to the forest. Meanwhile, existing forest and landscape governance mechanisms are generally not inclusive of local community engagement. Initial recommendations are provided, including further assessment to address current knowledge gaps.
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Over, Thomas, Riki Saito, Andrea Veilleux, Padraic O’Shea, Jennifer Sharpe, David Soong, and Audrey Ishii. Estimation of Peak Discharge Quantiles for Selected Annual Exceedance Probabilities in Northeastern Illinois. Illinois Center for Transportation, June 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/16-014.

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This report provides two sets of equations for estimating peak discharge quantiles at annual exceedance probabilities (AEPs) of 0.50, 0.20, 0.10, 0.04, 0.02, 0.01, 0.005, and 0.002 (recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 200, and 500 years, respectively) for watersheds in Illinois based on annual maximum peak discharge data from 117 watersheds in and near northeastern Illinois. One set of equations was developed through a temporal analysis with a two-step least squares-quantile regression technique that measures the average effect of changes in the urbanization of the watersheds used in the study. The resulting equations can be used to adjust rural peak discharge quantiles for the effect of urbanization, and in this study the equations also were used to adjust the annual maximum peak discharges from the study watersheds to 2010 urbanization conditions. The other set of equations was developed by a spatial analysis. This analysis used generalized least-squares regression to fit the peak discharge quantiles computed from the urbanization-adjusted annual maximum peak discharges from the study watersheds to drainage-basin characteristics. The peak discharge quantiles were computed by using the Expected Moments Algorithm following the removal of potentially influential low floods defined by a multiple Grubbs-Beck test. To improve the quantile estimates, regional skew coefficients were obtained from a newly developed regional skew model in which the skew increases with the urbanized land use fraction. The skew coefficient values for each streamgage were then computed as the variance-weighted average of at-site and regional skew coefficients. The drainage-basin characteristics used as explanatory variables in the spatial analysis include drainage area, the fraction of developed land, the fraction of land with poorly drained soils or likely water, and the basin slope estimated as the ratio of the basin relief to basin perimeter. This report also provides: (1) examples to illustrate the use of the spatial and urbanization-adjustment equations for estimating peak discharge quantiles at ungaged sites and to improve flood-quantile estimates at and near a gaged site; (2) the urbanization-adjusted annual maximum peak discharges and peak discharge quantile estimates at streamgages from 181 watersheds including the 117 study watersheds and 64 additional watersheds in the study region that were originally considered for use in the study but later deemed to be redundant. The urbanization-adjustment equations, spatial regression equations, and peak discharge quantile estimates developed in this study will be made available in the web-based application StreamStats, which provides automated regression-equation solutions for user-selected stream locations. Figures and tables comparing the observed and urbanization-adjusted peak discharge records by streamgage are provided at http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20165050 for download.
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Donnelly, Phoebe, and Boglarka Bozsogi. Agitators and Pacifiers: Women in Community-based Armed Groups in Kenya. RESOLVE Network, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37805/cbags2022.4.

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This research report is a case study of women’s participation in community-based armed groups (CBAGs) in Kenya. It examines: the diversity of women’s motivations to participate in community-based armed groups in Kenya; women’s roles and agency within community-based armed groups, communal conflicts, as well as community security and peacebuilding structures; and gender dynamics in conflict ecosystems, including social perceptions about women’s engagement in conflict. This case study contributes to the literature on women and CBAGs by examining the variations in their engagement across a single country, based on diverse local contexts. Data collection sites for the study included 1) the capital city, Nairobi; 2) Isiolo County; 3) Marsabit County; 4) Mombasa County; and 5) Bungoma County. Together, these sites provide insight into local conflict dynamics in rural and urban areas; on country borders and on the coast; and in communities with ethnic polarization, land conflicts, criminal gangs, and histories of violent extremism and secessionist movements. The Kenyan research team employed a qualitative approach to data collection through key informant interviews (KIIs), focus group discussions (FGDs), and the use of secondary source data. The findings show that there is no single template for understanding women’s engagement with CBAGs; instead, women’s motivations and roles within these groups are varied and highly contextual, just as with the motivations and roles of men. This study demonstrates the utility of context-specific analyses at the sub-national level to capture the range of women’s participation in and engagement with CBAGs and their greater contributions to the local security landscape.
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Journeay, M., J. Z. K. Yip, C. L. Wagner, P. LeSueur, and T. Hobbs. Social vulnerability to natural hazards in Canada. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/330295.

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While we are exposed to the physical effects of natural hazard processes, certain groups within a community often bear a disproportionate share of the negative consequences when a disaster strikes. This study addresses questions of why some places and population groups in Canada are more vulnerable to natural hazard processes than others, who is most likely to bear the greatest burden of risk within a given community or region, and what are the underlying factors that disproportionally affect the capacities of individuals and groups to withstand, cope with, and recover from the impacts and downstream consequences of a disaster. Our assessment of social vulnerability is based on principles and analytic methods established as part of the Hazards of Place model (Hewitt et al., 1971; Cutter, 1996), and a corresponding framework of indicators derived from demographic information compiled as part of the 2016 national census. Social determinants of hazard threat are evaluated in the context of backbone patterns that are associated with different types of human settlement (i.e., metropolitan, rural, and remote), and more detailed patterns of land use that reflect physical characteristics of the built environment and related functions that support the day-to-day needs of residents and businesses at the community level. Underlying factors that contribute to regional patterns of social vulnerability are evaluated through the lens of family structure and level of community connectedness (social capital); the ability of individuals and groups to take actions on their own to manage the outcomes of unexpected hazard events (autonomy); shelter conditions that will influence the relative degree of household displacement and reliance on emergency services (housing); and the economic means to sustain the requirements of day-to-day living (e.g., shelter, food, water, basic services) during periods of disruption that can affect employment and other sources of income (financial agency). Results of this study build on and contribute to ongoing research and development efforts within Natural Resources Canada (NRCan) to better understand the social and physical determinants of natural hazard risk in support of emergency management and broader dimensions of disaster resilience planning that are undertaken at a community level. Analytic methods and results described in this study are made available as part of an Open Source platform and provide a base of evidence that will be relevant to emergency planners, local authorities and supporting organizations responsible for managing the immediate physical impacts of natural hazard events in Canada, and planners responsible for the integration of disaster resilience principles into the broader context of sustainable land use and community development at the municipal level.
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