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Zhang, Wendong. "Three Essays on Land Use, Land Management, and Land Values in the Agro-Ecosystem." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1437656707.
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Wong, Mui Christina. "Agricultural land use planning and management in guangdong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18153604.
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Wesemann, Harald. "Land-use planning in the Liesbeeck-Black River confluence area: management recommendations and land-use alternatives." Master's thesis, Faculty of Science, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/30574.
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This dissertation is the individual analysis and evaluation of the baseline information on the Liesbeeck-Black River Confluence Area (hereinafter referred to as Confluence Area) gathered by the 1993-1994 Environmental and Geographical Science (EN GEO) Master of Philosophy (MPhil) class (see Appendix A). This dissertation is submitted to the examiners for evaluation as a partial requirement for the MPhil degree in Environmental Science.
The baseline report (hereinafter BLR) is titled "Environmental Baseline Study for Land-Use Decision-Making in the Liesbeeck and Black River Confluence Area" (ENGEO Master's Class, 1994). It contains a comprehensive description, as well as preliminary analysis, of all the environmental components (socioeconomic and biophysical) that could be of relevance to land-use planning in the area. The overall need for this study, which comprises the group BLR and the individual dissertations, arises out of the fact that the Confluence Area with its river systems, is part of a "green, open space corridor" that is under pressure from development in a city needing to densify and contain urban sprawl. There is thus potential conflict between development and other environmental considerations including that of open space retention for conservation and recreation purposes. The Cape Town City Council (CCC) suggested this study but is not a "client".
The study on the Confluence Area is intended to be of use to the CCC to enhance their ability to make sound land-use decisions for the area in the best interests of society at large. The CCC is also involved in numerous planning studies for the proposed redevelopment of a large tract of land adjacent to the study area, called the Culemborg-Black River area (hereinafter C-BR), and this study can feed into the overall planning process. This individual dissertation provides the CCC planning process with recommendations and land-use alternatives for the Confluence Area. Since the BLR forms the basis of this dissertation, they should be read in conjunction with each other.
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Pudasaini, Madhu S., University of Western Sydney, of Science Technology and Environment College, and School of Engineering and Industrial Design. "Erosion modelling under different land use management practices." THESIS_CSTE_EID_Pudasaini_M.xml, 2003. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/721.
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Soil erosion has been recognised as a global threat against the sustainability of natural ecosystem. The work in this thesis has been undertaken to assist in combating this threat, and addresses the soil erosion issues associated with urban construction activities. The Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) was employed in this research work and the parameters associated with the model were calibrated. This model was chosen for calibration, as it has been proven to be an easy to use tool yet providing reasonable results. Large scale rainfall simulators developed at UWS were used for rainfall simulation at two sites with diverse soil types: dispersive clayey soils at Penrith and highly permeable sandy soil at Somersby (Both in New South Wales, Australia). It is concluded that RUSLE can be successfully used in single storms for erosion prediction. Calibrated values of RUSLE parameters are useful in predicting soil erosion from the construction sites in NSW. It is also identified that in rolled smooth land condition, clayey soils are more erodible than sandy soil. Specific support practices such as short grass strips, gravel bags and silt fences are identified as very effective erosion control measures in reducing soil erosion from 45% to 85%. These results will be very useful in soil erosion prediction planning and conservation management in NSW.Master of Engineering (Hons)
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Pudasaini, Madhu Sudan. "Erosion modelling under different land use management practices." View thesis, 2003. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20040401.140345/index.html.
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黃梅 and Mui Christina Wong. "Agricultural land use planning and management in Guangdong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31259315.
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Cruz, Rex Victor Oafallas. "Land-use suitability assessment and land capability classification in Ibulao watershed, Philippines." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184989.
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A geographically-based framework for landuse suitability assessment and land capability classification in Ibulao watershed, Philippines was developed and used in this study. Landuse suitability assessment was based primarily on soil erosion, the results of which were compared with the outcome of suitability assessments based on two land classification systems in the Philippines. The Ibulao watershed was subdivided into 10-ha cells, and each cell was independently evaluated with the aid of a geographic information system called MAP. The soil erosion rates for each cell were estimated using the MUSLE. The surface runoff and peak runoff rates were simulated using an infiltration-kinematic routing model, an event-based stochastic rainfall duration model, and the CREAMS model. The land capability classification was based on erosion index representing the inherent soil erodibility of a cell computed on the basis of runoff erosivity factor, soil erodibility factor, and the slope length-gradient factor. The results of capability classification were used to identify the different alternative uses of any cell in the watershed. The framework described in this study for landuse suitability assessment and land capability classification illustrated potentials for applications to the management and allocation of land resources in the Philippines. An erosion-based landuse assessment and land capability classification appears to be a better alternative to a slope-based system as far as the following are concerned: (1) identification of landuses which would not jeopardize the long term productivity and stability of an area; (2) a more accurate and meaningful land capability description and classification; and (3) making more lands available for various alternative uses by using criteria such as soil erosion which can easily be manipulated.
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Jiang, Yong. "Three essays on conservation-oriented community land use management /." View online ; access limited to URI, 2007. http://0-digitalcommons.uri.edu.helin.uri.edu/dissertations/AAI3298370.
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So, Wai-kong. "The unofficial countryside : ecological management outside protected areas /." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B34739397.
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Haft, Michael. "Global and European soil carbon fluxes from land use and land management change." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2007. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU238551.
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One of the methods of mitigation against climate change is to offset CO2 emissions by using Carbon (C) sinks based on the Kyoto Protocol Articles 3.3 and 3.4 (UNFCCC 1997). One potential C sink is the terrestrial soil organic carbon (SOC) pool which can be affected by a wide variety of environmental factors across a range of time and spatial scales. Soil carbon models RothC, DNDC, Century and the IPCC method were assessed and compared to measured site data in order to determine accuracy. Simpler models such as RothC and the IPCC method were found to perform better [In the absence of abundant input data]. The uncertainty of these models was assessed and found to be +/-15% for the RothC model, +/-19% for the DNDC model and +/-26% for the Century model all with 95% confidence. Post-hoc application of mitigation factors were derived using the IPCC method to provide estimates of carbon mitigation potential. These were applied on a pan-European scale using projected land-use changes. The estimates were compared to trends simulated using an adapted regional scale version of the RothC model, which estimated that 3.1% (+/-0.5%) of the 8% Kyoto EU 15 emissions reduction target (from 1990 levels) could be achieved using these measures.
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Morapeli, Matšeliso. "Land management institutions at the community level : the case of village land allocation committees in Lesotho." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29998.
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Replacement of traditional land administration institutions with modern institutions has been one of the strategies used by the Lesotho Government to solve land management problems. This thesis uses a case study approach to analyze the effectiveness of one modern institution, the Village Land Allocation Committees (VLAC), at the community level in Lesotho.
Customarily, land in Lesotho was allocated by traditional chiefs who could for various purposes revoke it. The system was allegedly open to abuse and under the Land Act 1979, the authority to allocate land was shifted from traditional chiefs to the VLAC, which is partly elected and partly nominated by the government. The thinking behind this change was that VLAC would be more democratic and efficient, representing local as well as national interests.
The study consists of three stages: a) review of background literature on Lesotho; b) a comparison of land tenure reforms in Tanzania, Kenya and Botswana; and c) field research carried out through questionnaires administered to VLAC members, community members and government officials responsible for land administration at the community level in Lesotho.
Conclusions drawn from this study are that lack of clear policy guidelines, lack of connection between land allocation and the overall planning and lack of meaningful community participation in the land allocation process, are among the major problems in the operation of VLAC.
The study's major recommendations are: a) integrating land allocation with the overall land use planning; b) recognizing the continuing influence of traditional institutions and incorporating them into VLAC activities; c) providing VLAC with clearer goals and necessary resources; and d) building a planning and evaluation component into VLAC procedures. The need for further research on the composition and election process of VLAC is identified.Applied Science, Faculty of
Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of
Graduate
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Kwok, Chi-wo Simon. "The Hong Kong government's policy on land use in the New Territories : a land use management and environmental protection perspective /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B14023854.
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Ampomah, Richard Owusu. "Sediment Harvesting, Beneficial Use and the Impact of Climate and Land-Use/Land-Cover Change on Sediment Load." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1403478256.
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Shinderman, Matthew J. "Exurban land use and landowner perceptions of ecosystem management concepts." Access citation, abstract and download form; downloadable file 3.31 Mb, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3131700.
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Kwok, Chi-wo Simon, and 郭志和. "The Hong Kong government's policy on land use in the New Territories: a land use management and environmentalprotection perspective." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1995. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31964771.
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Burton, Sandra Lee. "Management options for a land use conflict area in Chitawan, Nepal." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26176.
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A land use management study was conducted in an area of north eastern Chitawan in central Nepal. Changes in soil properties, forest and agricultural productivity, farm management and profitability were compared among ten land use categories. The research revealed that the most intensively managed agricultural land, under annual triple crop rotations had excellent productivity with little evidence of soil deterioration (pH, organic carbon, exchangeable bases). Several soil properties (pH, base saturation, available phosphorus, compaction) under such farming systems were found to be better than those under degraded forest. The degradation of the forests, as measured by wood biomass, regeneration and soil quality was found to be widespread. A 15 to 30 percent decline in timber, fuelwood and fodder was observed between the natural and degraded forest. This removal of forest products was accompanied by changes in soil properties such as exchangeable bases, pH, compaction and exchangeable and free aluminum.
Alternative land uses were evaluated using a decision making method which considered crop preferences, productivity, gross margins, resource requirements, soil quality indicators and risk factors. Data from farm interviews and from the soil study were incorporated into this micro-computer based method. The data evaluation showed that soil conserving and productive land use options were not always feasible for the small farmer because they were more risky and required more resources of irrigated land, labour and operating capital. Interesting relationships were found between soil properties, productivity, land uses and fertility inputs. The flexibility of the methodology makes this technique an attractive tool for land use decision making at the farm and village level. The mapping units used for the national Land Resource Mapping Project (LRMP) formed the basis for this study and the approach developed can therefore be applied to other areas in Nepal.Land and Food Systems, Faculty of
Graduate
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Asaaga, Festus Atribawuni. "Land rights, tenure security and sustainable land use in rural Ghana." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:0ca818c1-aba7-45d5-b823-de92099ce148.
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The return to the customary or integration of customary and statutory tenure systems to continue gain currency in both contemporary policy and academic discourses on land tenure as an alternative pathway towards enhancing security of access and tenure in the sub-Saharan African context. Central to the debates are issues concerning the relevance of customary land tenure arrangements and appropriate pathways to successfully engineer the process of harmonization toward improved tenure security whilst preserving of the communitarian principles of local tenure systems. Using two case studies in rural Ghana, this study investigated the prevailing land tenure arrangements, practices and socio-political dynamics that underpin them, highlighting the challenges and opportunities that need to be addressed for the successful adaptation of customary tenure rules and institutions into the statutory system towards improved tenure security and sustainable land management. The research employed a mixture of qualitative and quantitative methods including interviews, focus group discussions and questionnaires to collate and analyse data from sampled respondents in Kakum and Ankasa in southern Ghana. The results of the investigation revealed that contrary to the mainstream view that customary tenure arrangements are incapable of providing tenure security in the face on ongoing transformations, the perceived tenure security of respondents was generally high in the study areas. This notwithstanding, it was observed that the emerging patterns of access and control (occasioned by increasing land scarcity and commodification) have resulted in social differentiation and inequalities in land access and distribution amongst the poor and vulnerable members of the landholding groups including women and the youth. The research also showed that aside from tenure security, other important contextual factors including access to credit, modernised agricultural inputs and targeted extension service support significantly influence households' investment decisions regarding adoption of sustainable land management practices. These findings have far-reaching implications for current land tenure interventions aimed at harmonising customary and statutory tenure structures for improved tenure security and sustainable land management. Results of the investigation were used to develop a three-phase incremental framework on formalisation of customary land rights which could serve as bespoke framework to guide the design of land tenure intervention strategies and implementation towards addressing local tenure insecurity in the specific context of the study areas and sub-Saharan Africa generally. The major conclusion of the research is that balancing the market efficiency and social equity considerations is necessary and should be pursued under the ongoing land tenure reforms for inclusive and equitable outcomes at the local level. This derives from the fact that the existing tenurial challenges are complex and context-specific, equally requiring well-balanced and nuanced solutions to effectively address them.
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Qi, Honghai. "Integrated watershed management and agricultural land-use optimization under uncertainty /." Full text available from ProQuest UM Digital Dissertations, 2006. http://0-proquest.umi.com.umiss.lib.olemiss.edu/pqdweb?index=0&did=1800276551&SrchMode=1&sid=13&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1258492716&clientId=22256.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Mississippi, 2006.Typescript. Vita. Major professor: Dr. Mustafa Altinakar "December 2006." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 217-239). Also available online via ProQuest to authorized users.
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Bourbonnais, Richard Joseph. "Visual assessment and relational database management /." This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-07112009-040335/.
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da, Silveira Giovani José Caetano. "The management of manufacturing trade-offs." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1997. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/79987/.
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This thesis investigates the nature and management of manufacturing trade-offs. It examines the properties and features of trade-offs in the context of manufacturing systems and the ways that operations management may deal with them. The need for such an investigation stems from (a) the increasing interest in trade-offs, (b) the implicit use of trade-offs in many recent popular operations literature, (c) the interest in the dynamic competencies literature and (d) the apparent lack of trade-offs methods or an overall framework. This study reflects the need to extend the trade-offs research from its present descriptive focus to an explanatory and hopefully more elucidating focus. This research is based on a number of case studies of manufacturing companies in Great Britain and Brazil. Data concerning their trade-offs were collected mainly through the examination of documents, observations of shop-floor activities and interviews with the systems' key operations managers. Following analysis identified the major data within and across the cases about the properties, features and management of trade-offs. This investigation suggests mainly that trade-offs between MSDs do exist; that their structure can be visualised as base, pivot and function; that they are contingent and dynamic; that their performance is different from their importance; that these depend on a range of external and internal factors; that one can improve trade-offs through alternative strategies and that flexibility may have a pivotal role in this process. The major original contributions of this explanatory, in-depth investigation are (a) the development of a trade-offs model that may be more accurate and useful than previous models in the literature; (b) the distinction between the performance and importance of trade-offs; (c) the taxonomy of trade-offs management strategies and (d) the identification of the role of flexibility in trade-offs management, with emphasis on the distinction between the ideas of flexibility and variety in that context.
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Bain, Douglas. "The use and management of common property in land in Scotland." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2014. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=205225.
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The development of the law in Scotland in respect of the co-ownership of property has been undermined by an early philosophical prejudice against the idea of co-ownership, coupled with the indiscriminate and imprecise use of language in the judgments of the courts, particularly in the Nineteenth Century. But nevertheless, co-ownership – an essential concept in the property law of any developed legal system - is a common, popular, and economically useful form of ownership, which may arise by accident or by design; and the law has accordingly been subject to periodic legal ‘correction' by way of judicial fiat. Such corrections may have resolved particular questions in law, but they have left other questions unanswered and have also had the effect of posing new questions. In particular, the modern orthodoxy, which posits a binary structure of co-ownership in Scotland, is questionable and unhelpful. The law in respect of co-ownership has undeniably advanced in recent years, but there have also been missed opportunities. This thesis seeks to clarify the development of the understanding and articulation of the concept of co-ownership and its role in Scotland as a contribution to a better understanding of an important aspect of property law with continuing utility in legal development.
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Stocks, Lee. "A spatio-temporal analysis of land use and land cover change and sinkhole development in Opequon Creek Watershed, West Virginia 1984-2009 /." [Kent, Ohio] : Kent State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=kent1271287859.
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Briggs, Rebecca S. "Oregon's agricultural lands preservation policy : an analysis of effectiveness in the Willamette Valley /." Connect to title online (Scholars' Bank), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/9129.
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Washam, Ryan M. "Archaeology in Distress: Federal Land Management and Archaeological Vulnerability." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1406820452.
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O'Donnell, Greg Martin. "Information tracking for flood impact of land use and management change." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.533688.
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Knowledge of how local changes in runoff generation propagate through the stream network to create impacts downstream at the larger catchment scale is lacking. This issue needs to be urgently addressed, particularly as many organisations involved in flood risk management favour interventions that manage runoff at source. To enable research into propagation of catchment flood runoff and its impacts, a new modelling approach has been developed. The catchment is discretised into the component hillslopes/fields, which are connected to a dense dendritic stream network. Runoff generated from the landscape units is represented as packets of water, which are tracked through the stream network using a numerical solution of the non-inertial form of the Saint Venant equations. The packets carry information, including the volume, location and time of runoff generation. To recover the information, the packets travelling past particular downstream points in the network are interrogated. The recovered information can be used in many ways. For example, it is possible to create spatial maps, showing the source locations and intensities of runoff contributing to the catchment hydrograph peak, or to break down the hydrograph into contributing hydrographs, one per sub-catchment or per area undergoing change. The importance of this novel approach is that it explicitly links the local scale, at which landscape adaptation measures are implemented, and the catchment scale, where impact occurs. An application of this type is demonstrated for the Eden Catchment, UK, providing novel and informative visual representations of spatial runoff generation and propagation.
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Mashayekh, Yeganeh. "Land Use and Congestion Management Strategies to Promote Urban Environmental Sustainability." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2013. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/225.
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Reducing greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) is an important social goal to mitigate climate change. A common mitigation paradigm is to consider strategy ‘wedges’ that can be applied to different activities to achieve desired GHG reductions. In this dissertation, I consider a wide range of possible travel demand reduction and traffic congestion management strategies to reduce light-duty vehicle GHG emissions.
To estimate the cost savings associated with the implementation of various travel demand and traffic congestion management strategies, performance measures such as speed, delay, and travel time were assessed for each strategy. These performance measures were then combined with emission factors – amount of pollutants per speed interval – and monetary damage values of each pollutant in terms of mortality, morbidity and environmental damages – dollar per gram of pollutant – to estimate the external environmental cost savings resulting from the implemented strategy. Fuel and time cost savings were simply measured by incorporating the value of time and fuel.
Specifically, the external environmental cost of driving in the U.S. including congestion was estimated to be about $110 billion annually. Brownfield developments and LEED certified brownfield developments were assessed as land use and travel demand management strategies to reduce vehicular travel demand. Impacts of these residential developments on vehicle miles traveled (VMT) reduction and the resulting costs (cost of driving time, fuel, and external air pollution costs) were examined. Results show with minimal implementation cost incurred by transportation authorities (about 75-95% less than other VMT reduction measures), both brownfield residential developments and LEED certified brownfield residential developments can be beneficial travel demand strategies, assisting federal, state and local governments with their GHG emissions reduction goals. Compared with conventional developments, residential brownfield developments can reduce VMT and its consequential environmental costs by about 52 and 66 percent respectively. LEED certified residential brownfield developments can have an additional 1% to 12% VMT reduction and a 0.03% to 3.5% GHG reduction compared with conventional developments.
In addition to land use and travel demand management strategies, a number of supply congestion management measures were also assessed. Traffic signal timing and coordination is an effective congestion management strategy. However, not maintaining the timings regularly to assure they respond to vehicle volumes may result in 18 percent increase in the cost of fuel consumed, 13 percent in the cost of travel time and 11 percent in the external environmental costs annually.
Other supply management strategies assessed were cases of adaptive traffic control system and high occupancy toll (HOT) lanes. In comparison to one another, while adaptive traffic signal control system results in 7 to 12 percent external environmental cost saving, HOT lanes show zero external environmental cost savings. Driving patterns and speed profiles have significant impacts on the emission of the criteria air pollutants. In some cases, speed improvements resulting from the implementation of a congestion management measure may, in fact, result in the emission of additional criteria air pollutants, thus increasing the external environmental costs. Other interdependencies such as induced demand were also examined. Results show that induced demand from excess capacity resulting from an implementation of a supply congestion management strategy can be significant enough to reduce the benefits gained from the implemented measure in a short period of time.
In addition to analyzing travel demand management, land use changes and congestion management, strategies including fuel and vehicle options and low carbon and renewable power are briefly discussed in this work. I conclude that no one strategy will be sufficient to meet GHG emissions reduction goals to avoid climate change. However, many of these changes have positive combinatorial effects, so the best strategy is to pursue combinations of transportation GHG reduction strategies to meet reduction goals. Agencies need to broaden their agendas to incorporate such combinations in their planning.
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Krasachol, Ladawan. "The development of quality management in Thailand." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1999. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11470/.
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This thesis presents the results of an investigation into the development of quality management in Thailand. The research was conducted in order to draw up an overall picture of quality progress in Thai industry, to provide useful insights for Thai companies and policy-makers, as well as to compare Thailand with other developing countries. This research has adopted an integrated approach to research methodology comprising both survey and case study methods. Four linked empirical research projects were conducted to obtain an insight into quality management, particularly the ISO 9000 series of quality systems standards, Total Quality Management (TQM), and a 'foundation level' quality system, within Thai industry. The in-depth study of ISO 9000 implementation identifies the driving forces encouraging Thai industry to pursue ISO 9000; four types of ISO 9000 implementation process; implementation factors and obstacles; the impact of implementation process and future plans after a company has achieved ISO 9000 registration. The study of TQM implementation in companies located in Thailand reveals that the companies studied have each adopted different, but successful, approaches to TQM implementation. The Thai Foundation Quality System Standard (TFQSS) has been proved to be suitable for Thai SMEs. Findings from the four individual research project together provide some new insights into the development and implementation of quality management in a Thai perspective. As a result of the study, a TQM framework was developed. The framework identifies three broad dimensions of quality management in a Thai organisation, which are: - Three aspects of quality management; Five stages of development; and Four implementation paradigms. An organisation that wishes to embark on a quality journey can examine its status against the framework in order to start, or to improve a particular aspect that is found to be unsatisfactory. After identifying some criteria for the assessment of national quality development, a simple model of quality management in developing countries is proposed to depict comparative characteristics of quality management within these countries. It is concluded that, among developing countries in South and East Asian region, Thailand is in the middle of the spectrum of development.
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Zhou, Xiaoguang. "Exploring labour-management partnership in NHS Scotland." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2012. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12912/.
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The past few decades have witnessed a change from traditionally adversarial labour-management relations to a new type of partnership arrangement in British industrial relations in some organisations. It is expected that such arrangement may provide an opportunity for Britain unions to return from political and economic exile, and secure mutual gains for the primary parties to the employment relationship. This thesis is concerned with partnership arrangements in NHS Scotland which were developed against the background of a post-devolution consensus on how health services should be organised. Based on a longitudinal research method, this study has assessed the partnership arrangements in three health boards of NHS Scotland. Each of these case studies includes a programme of interviews with senior managers, human resource managers, Employee Directors and other trade union representatives, and analysis of minutes of partnership consultation meetings and board archives. The main objectives of the research were outlined as follows: - to describe the general context in which partnership arrangements play out in three cases, - to describe how partnership operates in the three cases, - to explore the evolution of partnership in the three cases, - to compare and analyse the outcomes of partnership in the three cases. A key conclusion of the research is that mutual gains can be successfully secured through a partnership approach. However, the extent to which mutual gains can be obtained by both management and trade unions is greatly shaped by the external and internal contexts surrounding the organisation and the way partnership is implemented.
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Clarke, Angela. "Improving the change management process : executive summary." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1998. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/4178/.
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As external factors increasingly influence the way businesses operate, companies have to be able to adapt in order to cope with these external influences. They have to become agile and responsive to change in order to gain a real competitive advantage. However, most companies believe that they are unable to achieve this to their satisfaction. One of the main reasons cited is their inability to manage change effectively. The research summarised in this report identifies how the process of managing change can be facilitated and improved. It builds on the main concerns and issues identified in the change management literature and is supported with evidence from companies undergoing change. The research focuses, in particular, on best practice benchmarking, critical success factors for change, the role of corporate culture, understanding learning organisations and how to sustain change. Based on these research areas, two major developments are proposed to help organisations to manage change more effectively. The first method focuses on a benchmarking tool for change management. Formed from the actual practices of organisations who have managed change effectively, the tool provides a quantifiable way for companies to measure and improve their performance in change management. Its successful implementation in a number of different applications and levels, as demonstrated in the research, suggests that it could provide significant benefits to any organisation undergoing change. The second method focuses on sustaining long term successful change management, through more effective capture, sharing and transfer of knowledge within a company. This is known as corporate learning. A corporate learning framework, based on best practice, is proposed as a way forward for organisations to ensure that a holistic approach is taken when implementing corporate learning. Used correctly, these innovative methods provide mechanisms which can help any company undergoing change to improve the way in which it manages that change.
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Whitston, Kevin. "Scientific management practice in Britain : a history." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1995. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/3981/.
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This study traces the influence of scientific management on the development of modem management methods in Britain from the end of the 19th century to the outbreak of the second world war. It is concerned with both the organisation of work and the management of the worker, with employers' labour strategies and worker and trade union responses. The Introduction discusses key concepts like Taylorism, Fordism and mass production; chapter one identifies technical and managerial changes taking place at the turn of the century and the reception Taylorism received in Britain; chapter 2 is mainly concerned with premium bonus schemes and the impact of the first world war; chapter 3 analyses the growth of new management functions and roles, particularly production engineering between the wars; chapter 4 discusses the impact of mechanisation and deskilling on workers in the engineering industry; chapter 5 traces the growth of piecework schemes and time study, the significance of the Bedaux system, and the impact of worker resistance. A postscript and a conclusion relate these themes to the post second world war history of work study and to contemporary debates about flexible specialisation and post-Fordism. Three key issues are addressed the meaning of scientific management, the extent to which employers adopted scientific management practices, its impact on workers and the effect of worker resistance. It is argued that, if scientific management is located historically, it is seen to be concerned with the management of production as well as the management of the worker; with production engineering, progress and planning departments, as well as time and motion study and incentive payment schemes. As such it is not reducible to any particular form of Taylorist practice. Employers were slow to develop the new management methods. Slow adaptation to change was part of the more general problem of relative economic decline. But both were uneven. British employers were reluctant to abandon tools and techniques which still made money but some did, and more followed. Taylorism was more positively received in Britain than has been suggested and was widely accepted by the end of the first world war. Its impact on managerial practice can be traced in the inter-war period in the development of production engineering and more rigorous payment systems, including those inspired by Bedaux. A 'deskilling dynamic', centred on a new split between mental and manual labour, was fatally undermining both craftsman and foreman in the engineering industry, though it owed more to the jig and tool designer, and more broadly, the management of mechanisation than the efficiency engineer. But changes in the labour process also affected women and semi and unskilled men and they were centrally involved in shop floor resistance to 'speed-up'. Resistance modified but could not prevent the restructuring of the labour process consequent upon scientific management.
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Styczynski, Ashley R. "Sociodemographic Correlates of Public Land Use and Management Preferences Among Utah Residents." DigitalCommons@USU, 2011. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1151.
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The purpose of this thesis is to look at the preferred use and management of public lands in the state of Utah. The data used in this study was collected through a statewide, random survey measuring the respondent’s preferred use and management of public lands along with social and demographic information. Several quantitative tests were conducted on the variables used to illustrate the following: a snapshot of what the survey population looks like, how each independent variable interacts with the dependent variable, and finally, the combined interaction of all of the independent variables on the dependent variable. The primary goal of this thesis is to add more information to the growing body of literature on public land uses and preferences. Specifically, this research hopes to shed some light on how people in Utah feel about the use and management of public lands that exist within the borders. A secondary purpose in this study is to provide agencies and individuals that have a say in the use and management of public lands with information that will help them to manage public lands to more closely resemble the desires of the state residents. If a characteristic (or set of characteristics) is identified as a reliable predictor of preferences, those people and agencies who have the power to decide how public lands will be used will have a better indicator as to how well their decision will go over based on the characteristics of the population in that area.
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Scott, Alister James. "Issues in common land management : a case study of the Dartmoor Commons." Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.319734.
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Erb, Karl Peter. "Consumptive wildlife utilization as a land-use form in Namibia." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/49892.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2004.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study summarizes data for the consumptive wildlife industry in Namibia, both in terms of resource availability and current utilization and monetary value. Based on these data a spreadsheet-based cash-flow model is developed to simulate scenarios and to explore what constitutes the critical parameter. Based on this data synthesis and modelling, recommendations are made and conclusions drawn. Chapter one gives an overview of Namibia's economy, with special reference to the livestock and wildlife industry. The fact that the commercial livestock herd has been shrinking over the years is pointed out, as well as the stable output achieved through better management practices. The literature research has shown that wildlife ranching could be a viable alternative to livestock farming as practised in southern Africa, especially in the more arid areas with higher rainfall variability. Chapter two outlines the resource availability, based on the distribution and densities of the more common species. The occurrence of the rarer species is touched on. The point is made that it is very difficult to accurately count wildlife over large areas and that, as elsewhere, Namibia's wildlife at a regional scale is underestimated. Chapter three documents the consumptive use of wildlife. Trophy hunting, the most important segment in terms of national income, is discussed together with the live sale of game, live export of game, venison production and night culling. A comparison is made between the economic outputs of the wildlife industry versus that of the commercial cattle industry. Chapter four covers financial modelling and the economics of the wildlife industry in Namibia. A spread-sheet based deterministic model is developed to explore the cash-flow implications of various game ranching options, such as using different species mixes, owning land of different carrying capacities and offering different services. Chapter five addresses policy and legislative issues in relation to the wildlife industry. Topics such as property rights and exclusive utilization rights, industry representation and the forming of smart partnerships with primary resource users are covered. Broad recommendations are made to the Ministry of Environment and Tourism. Chapter six is used for a concluding synthesis of the previous four chapters.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie som die konsumptiewe wildlewe industrie in Namibie op in terme van van beide beskikbaarheid, huidige verbruik en monetere waarde van hierdie hulpbron. Gebaseer op hierdie data is 'n kontantvloei model opgestel om vooruitskouings te simuleer, met betrekking op aanbevelings en gevolgtrekkings. Hoofstuk een gee 'n oorsig van die Namibiese ekonomie met spesiale verwysing na die vee- en wildboerdery. Daar word uitgewys dat die gesamentlike kommersiele veekudde oor die afgelope aantal jare kleiner geword het, terwyl die opbrengs stabiel gebly het deurdat better bestuurspraktyke toegepas is. Die literatuurstudie het gewys dat in suider-Afrika, wildlewe-boerdery 'n lewensvatbare alternatief kan wees vir veeboerdery, veral in die droër streke wat 'n hoër reenval speling toon. Gebaseer op die verspreiding en digtheid van die meer algemene wild, gee hoofstuk drie 'n oorsig van die beskikbaarheid van hierdie hulpbronne. Trofeejag, wat die belangrikste inkomstesektor is, word bespreek, sowel as die lewende verkoop, uitvoer en nagoes (skiet van diere gedurende die nag vir vleisproduksie) van wild, asook die wildvleis produksie. Met betrekking tot die ekonomiese uitsette, word 'n vergelyking gemaak tussen die wildlewe en kommersiele veeboerdery industrie. Hoofstuk vier dek die finansiele modelering en ekonomiese aspekte van die wildlewe industrie in Namibie. 'n Rekenaar "spreadsheet" -gebaseerde, deterministiese model is ontwikkel om die kontantvloei van verskeie opsies van wildlewe boerdery te verken. Voorbeelde sluit in die gebruik van verskillende spesie samestellings, die besit van grond met verskillende drakrag vermoëns, asook die aanbiedinge van verskeie dienste. Hoofstuk vyf bespreek die beleid en wetgewing met betrekking tot die wildlewe industrie. Onderwerpe soos eiendomsreg en eksklusiewe benuttingsregte, industrie verteenwoordiging en die stigting van "smart" vennootskappe met primere hulpbron verbruikers, word aangespreek. Aanbevelings word aan die Ministerie van Omgewing en Toerisme gemaak. Hoofstuk ses behels 'n sintese van die voorafgaande vier hoofstukke.
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Henshaw, Alexander J. "Impacts of land use changes and land management practices on upland catchment sediment dynamics, Pontbren, mid-Wales." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2009. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/10889/.
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There is growing concern that the adoption of intensive agricultural land management practices in upland areas of the UK over the past 50-60 years may have affected hydrological responses and sediment transfer regimes in river catchments and could, therefore, be contributing to increased levels of flood risk and ecological disturbance. However, recent evidence from a research catchment at Pontbren in mid-Wales indicates that the implementation of a more sustainable livestock farming strategy could help to mitigate some of these impacts, raising the possibility that strategic land use planning could be used as a cost-effective, multi-functional river management option. The impacts of historical land use changes and land management practices on contemporary sediment dynamics in the study area are explored in this thesis through a system approach which acknowledges the importance of interrelationships between hydrological and geomorphological processes. Results from hydrological experiments and modelling exercises are used to inform analyses of spatial and temporal variation in sediment production and transfer from a variety of potential sources. Grazed, agriculturally-improved pastures were found to supply fine material to stream channels via both surface runoff and field drains. In particular, drain-derived sediment is likely to represent an important component of the total fine sediment yield in subcatchments where agricultural intensification has been widespread. Agricultural drainage ditches were also found to act as sources of sediment in such areas, along with eroding channel banks. Sediment production from bank sources may relate to historical changes in peak flows caused by agricultural intensification. Stream sediment yields are strongly related to differences in sediment supply from the aforementioned sources and could therefore be reduced by limiting mobilisation at the point of origin within the landscape. In terms of channel-derived material, this could be achieved through peak flow reductions associated with woodland and hedgerow restoration.
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Williams, Fabrice. "Knowledge management in the National Health Service : an empirical study of organisational and professional antecedents to knowledge transfer in knowledge management initiatives." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2011. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12026/.
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This PhD research started from an interest in how organisational and professional antecedents affect knowledge transfer in the professionalised context of the National Health Service. It was further motivated by findings from previous studies (Currie, Finn, & Martin, 2008a; Currie, Finn, & Martin, 2008b; Currie, Martin, & Finn, 2009; Currie & Suhomlinova, 2006a; Currie, Waring, & Finn, 2008c; Martin, Currie, & Finn, 2009; Martin, Finn, & Currie, 2007; Waring & Currie, 2009) which highlighted both the need for more contextual studies in the area of knowledge management and interesting issues around the role of professional boundaries in knowledge transfer. This research investigates and evaluates organisational and professional antecedents to knowledge transfer in the professionalised context of the UK National Health Service, to create empirical and useful results to researchers, practitioners and policy-makers. To achieve this goal, a range of literatures were evaluated, focusing primarily on knowledge management. The review of these literatures revealed a number of research gaps from within the Knowledge Management theory to which this study responds. The two most significant gaps for this are a) a need for empirically based studies on the influence of organisational antecedents on knowledge transfer in professionalised contexts at both organisational and individuals levels and b) a need for empirically based studies on the influence of professional antecedents on knowledge transfer in professionalised contexts at the level of the organisation and the individual. This research is underpinned by a subjectivist ontology, an interpretive epistemology and a multi-method research design. It is exploratory, evaluative, longitidunal, comparative and inductive research with two primary data sets gathered from nurses who participated in a knowledge transfer initiative in the NHS (19 semi-structured interviews) and from key informants of the nursing profession giving their opinion on the dissemination of knowledge in the nursing profession (10 semi-structured interviews). Each data set is used to better understand the impact of organisational and professional antecedents on knowledge transfer in a professionalised context. This research project also contributed to a larger research project led by Professor Graeme Currie from the University of Nottingham aimed at evaluating NHS genetics service investments on a national scale (Martin et al., 2007). This larger research project was based on a comparative analysis of organisational and professional antecedents affecting the implementation of genetic service investments. In total, 85 interviews, including that of the researcher, were conducted over a two-year period with key members of the projects such as General Practitioners, hospital consultants, scientists and nurses. The main finding of the current study is that knowledge transfer initiatives are difficult to implement into practice when taking into the impact of a professional hierarchy on organisational mechanisms of the National Health Service. As a result, the data provide empirical evidence to suggest that KM theories are not necessarily relevant enough to a professionalised context such as the NHS. Essentially, the study finds that existing power relationships between the medical profession and the nursing profession inhibit knowledge transfer and, as a result, poses problems for mainstreaming specialist knowledge such as genetics into generalist care settings of the NHS. In such context, knowledge transfer is influenced by professional institutions that regulate the transfer of knowledge in a profession. Therefore, the research contributes to organisation studies research by providing conceptual and empirical understanding into how organisational and professional antecedents become boundaries to knowledge transfer in a professionalised context. The study also contributes to the medical sociology literature by providing a refreshing look at the ubiquitous theme of medical dominance in healthcare systems (Armstrong, 2002; Dingwall, 1987; Dopson, 2005; Ferlie, Fitzgerald, Wood, & Hawkins, 2005; Larkin, 1978). The study finally contributes to management practice and government policy-making by providing an evaluation of knowledge management programmes in the NHS, and by making some strategic recommendations to respond to these issues.
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Drew, Hilary. "The management of demographic change : a study of three German industrial sectors." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2012. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/27949/.
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Repercussions of the demographic shift for firms include issues such an incremental rise in the average age of the workforce, unequal inflows and outflows of labour and managing organisational skill levels. In the case of Germany, organisational responses to demographic change are exacerbated by a predominant early exit culture, legislation which protects against the dismissal of older employees and related provisions set out in collective bargaining agreements. The aim of the research is to examine how demographic shifts impacted on German companies in the steel, chemicals and utilities sectors. After discussing these challenges, the thesis analyses measures implemented by these firms and explains differences in the responses between the sectors. The empirical findings clearly indicate that far more was being done to prepare for, and to counter, the effects of demographic developments than the extant academic literature suggests. Companies which responded most proactively to demographic change issues perceived this to be part of their role as a responsible and caring employer. The end to the financial support of early retirement by the German government was found to be an important catalyst for firms to develop measures to accommodate older workers, instead of offering them an early exit from the company. Nevertheless, a failure to respond effectively to the end of state-funded support for early retirement, as well as the tendency of some firms to ignore deep-seated motivational issues in older workers, suggests that companies have some way to go before they can be described as effectively tackling demographic change. Hence, this thesis is unable to prove conclusively that critics of the German management of demographic in organisations are wrong in pre-empting that German firms run the risk of falling into a demographic trap (Thun et al, 2007). The thesis frames demographic change within a wider context of organisational shifts, by examining external and internal drivers of change. Variations in responses between sectors are explained by drawing attention to drivers of change within the three industrial sectors which have shaped the behaviour of firms, including past experiences of organisational restructuring. Finally, the thesis makes a number of important theoretical, empirical and practical contributions to the academic literature. The most important contribution is to provide qualitative, empirical data on how firms in Germany are dealing with demographic developments to address gaps in the literature on company responses to demographic change.
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Musgrove, Nicholas James. "Land use and vegetation change on the Long Mynd." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/84479.
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The plant communities of the Long Mynd plateau are the culmination of over 3000 years of human intervention that largely deforested the uplands, and subsequently maintained the generally treeless heath and grassland communities now extant. The capacity of these communities to respond to directional change is well known, indeed the traditional mode of heathland management, burning, depends on the regenerative capacity of the target species, generally heather (Calluna vulgaris), for its success. However, changes in post WW2 stocking practice; the loss of ponies followed by an increase in the numbers of sheep and a change to them being overwintered on the hill, led to excessive grazing and damage to the heath. This coincided with the spread over the hill by bracken (Pteridium aquilinum) and other changes in the distribution and nature of the vegetation. A sequence of vegetation surveys made by various individuals and organisations over the past 75 years or so has been analysed in an attempt to delineate spatial and temporal changes in the vegetation. This demonstrated the need for a standardised survey methodology to allow consistent monitoring. The analysis showed that bracken had been infiltrating most of the communities from its origins outside the lower limits of the Common as well as from some of the valley sides. Within the last decade, this expansion has apparently been contained in line with the current management plan for control. A survey of 730 quadrats in some 30 stands was made to characterise the variation of the vegetation on the plateau, and to relate it to some of the associated environmental factors. Classification, unconstrained ordination and ordination constrained by the abiotic environmental variables, showed that, a) the strongest trend in the vegetation distinguished water-flushed communities, b) non-wetland communities differentiate between heathland and grassland, c) this trend can be only partly be attributed to the measured abiotic environmental variables, d) the amount of pure Pteridietum [U20] is limited, although much of the heathland and grassland has bracken within it. There are indications that invasion by bracken often correlates with a loss of dominance of Calluna in favour of Deschampsia flexuosa and Vaccinium myrtillus. Difficulties in associating these trends with measured abiotic variables suggests, other factors probably management processes, are critical in driving this trend. Distribution of ‘heathland’ bryophytes was found to be associated more with the structure of their ‘host’ vascular communities rather than with abiotic factors. Finally, this investigation considers the practical implications with regard to the future encouragement of heather and the control of bracken. Cutting rather than burning appears to be the ecologically most suitable method for heather regeneration and bracken control.
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Tansley, Gregory Douglas. "Evaluating land use planning and growth management, a Huron County case study." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ47367.pdf.
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Eila, Mohammed S. "Sustainability : an effective approach for land use management : application to Gaza City." Lille 1, 2005. https://ori-nuxeo.univ-lille1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/e681e544-83e0-4671-966a-dff3938bd6e8.
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Le travail de thèse a pour objectif l'élaboration d'un modèle de prévision pour l'utilisation des sols dans des villes à haute densité de population et qui sont confrontées à des problèmes majeurs d'environnement. L'approche utilisée est fondée sur un modèle intégré qui prend en compte la nature du sol, les facteurs d'environnement et les facteurs socio-économiques. Les facteurs déterminants sont identifiés en utilisant les réseaux de neurones artificiels (ANN ou RNA) et une approche statistique. Des données socio-économiques, environnementales, institutionnelles et d'occupation du sol de la ville de Gaza ont été utilisées pour analyser les pratiques d'utilisation des sols dans cette ville. Cette analyse montre que l'utilisation des sols est influencée par la démographie, les conditions environnementales et la politique et la politique d'aménagement. La confrontation de cette analyse aux avis d'experts a débouché sur des recommandations pour l'élaboration d'un modèle prévisionnel pour l'utilisation des sols à Gaza et pour l'étude des différents scénarions d'évolution de cette ville.
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Hayama, Atsuko. "Land Use Transformation in tne Philippine Uplands : Rethinking of Local Forest Management." Kyoto University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/149015.
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Perdikou, Paraskevi Nicou. "The application of remote sensing for irrigation and water resources management in the Aral Sea Basin, Kazakhstan." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.274528.
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Fleury, Spencer. "Land Use Policy and Practices in Karst Terrains." Scholar Commons, 2007. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/708.
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Karst topography is the result of a specific combination of geological conditions, precipitation, biota, and temperature, and is characterized by the gradual solution of the underlying bedrock and the development of underground drainage routes for surficial runoff. Many of these karst landscapes are found in urbanized areas, where the potential for anthropogenic impact is quite high. In many instances, municipalities on karst terrains choose to mitigate these impacts by implementing ordinances that place restrictions on permissible land uses near karst landforms. This dissertation asks the question: are the impacts of karst-related land use regulation on human / social systems significant enough to merit consideration during the regulation writing and implementation process? In the process of answering this question, it is hoped that a broader understanding will be developed of how land use regulations are used to control and regulate human activity on karst lands, particularly (but not exclusively) in the United States; and that the conclusions drawn from that overview might serve as the beginnings of a generally applicable framework for the development of karst regulation.
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Schweiss, Brian. "Landowner attitudes and perceptions of forest and wildlife management in rural northern Missouri." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6038.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on November 12, 2007) Includes bibliographical references.
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Manquilef, Bächler Alejandra Adriana. "Effects of unions and management practices on performance and wages." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2009. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/3768/.
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Chapter 1 examined the wage premia related to union membership and coverage over 1991-2003, a period involving decline and stabilisation of union participation. Differences in union premia - across workers and over time - were studied using a rich individual-level data: the British Household Panel Survey. A quantile regression technique allowing for endogeneity of the membership decision was implemented. Raw differentials suggested the presence of large and positive union wage premia that were stronger at the bottom of the wage distribution in both private and public sectors. After controlling for other factors influencing wages, union premia asymmetries were no longer apparent in the private sector. When endogeneity was taken into account, there was no one significant premium in the private sector, indicating positive selection into union jobs. In contrast, in the public sector, workers whose jobs were covered by union contracts were found to earn more than not covered workers (ceteris paribus); this effect was stronger at the bottom among males, while for females the premium was constant across workers and substantial over the whole period, reflecting the continuing strength of public sector unions. Since the difference between union members over covered non-members was always found to be insignificant, chapter 1 concluded that there is no free-rider puzzle. Chapter 2 investigated whether the U.K. National Minimum Wage introduction on April 1st, 1999 affected unionisation rates among workers whose wages rose to comply with the law. The British Household Panel Survey is used because it provides rich individual information that affects the union choices and it permits the implementation of the Difference-in-Difference estimator. Results were robust to sub-samples, alternative comparison groups and different estimation methods. Chapter 2 found that employees from workplaces where unions had been recognised were 15 percentage points more likely to become union members when the NMW was introduced. Workers did so, presumably, to protect their jobs. There was neither law anticipation nor first NMW upgrade significant effects. Chapter 3 studied the effects of Human Resource Management Practices (HRM) on performance. It analysed the case of private firms in Great Britain by making use of the Workplace Employment Relations Survey in 2004 (WERS): a linked employer-employee data that allowed investigating what HRM did to firms as well as to their workers. As few others have done, this chapter: i) modelled the adoption of HRM as endogenous; ii) used 28 practices that together covered the main areas of personnel relations; and iii) allowed for different effects to exist between low- and high-technology firms. The results were robust to eight measures of HRM and different estimation strategies including the latent factor modelling approach – never implemented in this context. In low-technology firms, monetary incentives were found to increase both worker productivity and profits - by increasing revenue further than costs (in the ratio 4:1). By contrast, in high-technology firms, the sense of fairness at work combined with hiring procedures were found to increase worker productivity and profits - by increasing revenue further than costs (in the ration 2:1). Only in non-union workplaces, worker involvement in decision making was found to reduce performance, i.e., decentralisation damages performance if the establishment lacks the right incentives for their workers to offer valuable ideas for firm.
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Dawson, Peter James. "A hierarchical approach to the management of construction project risk." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1997. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11471/.
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This thesis considers work undertaken in the area of the management of construction project risk. The construction industry in Britain is undergoing a radical change; new markets are opening up as traditional ones close, and the nature of contracts are changing with the increasing popularity of design-build and the development of the Government's Private Finance Initiative. These changes have left many construction companies moving into markets in which they have little experience or entering into contracts which allocate risks to them which have previously been held by others. Since the traditional method of managing risks was by using the experience and judgment of managers, this has left many companies in a dangerous position, selecting projects with little knowledge of the risks the company is already exposed to, the extent to which the company wants the project, or the change that project will make to the risk profile. An investigation into the formal approach to risk management, developed over the last few decades as a way of progressing from the purely experience based approach, concludes that although several of the techniques offer an improvement, the overall approach does not consider the company. Projects are treated as independent entities rather than temporary parts of the company's ongoing activities. A system is produced which builds on the already identified organisational hierarchy of a company. Two risk models are produced, one for use at the project level, which considers the sources of uncertainty in the project, and one for use at the company level, which combines the uncertain impacts of the projects it is undertaking, those it is pursuing, and those which it expects will be available in the future. The models have been tested and validated using data collected from projects in their tendering stage. The results of the tests are presented and the findings discussed. Conclusions drawn from the work and recommendations for future work are presented.
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Hu, Jiayao. "Examining supply chain quality management in the Chinese automobile industry." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/43463/.
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The aim of this thesis is to understand what supply chain quality management (SCQM) is and to examine SCQM practices in the Chinese automobile industry by comparing the different SCQM implementation between Chinese Self-owned Brands (CSBs) and Joint Ventures (JVs). This thesis attempts to reveal and understand SCQM practices in order to provide new insights in dealing with quality issues along the supply chain. Hence, in this thesis three research questions (RQs) are explored and answered: RQ1) What are the main factors impacting on SCQM in the Chinese automobile industry? RQ2) What are the differences between CSBs and JVs in the field of SCQM? RQ3) Why do such differences occur? A mixed research methodology was implemented to answer these three RQs. First, a case study in seven Chinese automobile companies was conducted. Resulting from this qualitative method, this research proposes a robust SCQM framework and generates SCQM measurements. SCQM is conceptualised as a multidimensional construct and the framework is composed of companywide quality management, supplier-side SCQM, customer-side SCQM, and performance. The measurement model evaluation, structural model evaluation, and multigroup analysis were conducted in sequence to investigate multi-dimensionality of SCQM, test the relationships among these dimensions, and clarify the different SCQM between CSBs and JVs. Variance-based structural equation modelling of Partial Least Square (PLS) on the platform of Smart-PLS 3.0 was used to analyse the 196 quantitative data that were collected from CSBs and JVs. Further, six follow-up interviews were then conducted to identify the root causes of the findings of the survey study. This research finds that companywide quality management cannot directly influence operational performance due to the complexity of China’s automobile supply chain. It illustrates that customer-side SCQM practices have the most significant influence on operational performance. This study also clarifies that ownership bears a critical impact on the relationship between customer-side SCQM practices and operational performance. It extends the SCQM literature by studying a large number of automobile companies in China and comparing the different supply chain level quality practices between CSBs and JVs. It provides good breadth to the literature by answering the calls for ownership and emerging market research. This thesis also enhances the understanding of managers about the best SCQM practices to assist companies in moving from their current practices to their preferred one. It also illustrates significant directions for supply chain level quality system designs for automobile companies.
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D'Errico, Michael A. "Hydrology, vegetation and waterbird response to land management strategies in the San Luis Valley." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5876.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on September 13, 2007) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Lim, Daw See Francis. "Development of knowledge management measurement framework and its application in China ship building industry." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/53669/.
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Knowledge Management (KM) in this research refers to a process that dives deep into an organization and analyzes operational metrics to understand and help the enterprise make use of knowledge both explicit and tacit, facilitate a state of knowledge awareness and sustain the knowledge managing and learning process. This novelty of the research is its first attempt to combine China's KM implementation issues statistics, literature review on KM model and KM CSFs, integrating with research objectives findings to develop a KM framework for China SME shipyards. This framework interlinks the knowledge cycle of knowledge acquisition, application and improvement continuously within organization by 3 KM domains of organization entity, people interaction and organization memory, formulated by 12 KM CSFs derived. The uniqueness of this framework is it emphasis on people. Organization entity involves people support of top management to motivate and drive organizational culture to embrace KM. Continuous organization knowledge improvement involve people interaction to facilitate knowledge processes through socialization programs, training and building of trustworthy team. People are the one who contribute to organization memory by retain and update organization knowledge for effective reprocessing and retrieval via information technology. The survey took the form of structured interview in five stages of field study with eight sets of survey questionnaires. AHP method is applied to quantify practices and translate it into measurable absolute numbers. Result showed that one third of China SME shipyards are NOT Ready for KM implementation. Among the deficiencies, knowledge structure is the first limitation, followed by the knowledge content and training. The value of this research is to highlight and illustrate to enterprises the opportunity of the application of KM Framework could continuously improve their organization knowledge from operating processes through systematic knowledge acquisition and application, to gain their competitiveness and sustainability in long term. In short term, this KM framework by application could answer to the question that all China SME shipyards unanimously asked "Do you think my shipyard is ready to implement Knowledge Management?"
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Friedle, Christina Marie. "Forest Resource Use, Land-Use, and Ecotourism in the Río Plátano Biosphere Reserve, Honduras." PDXScholar, 2005. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2228.
Full textAbstract:
The Río Pláttano Biosphere Reserve, a tropical rainforest reserve in the northeastern corner of Honduras, is home to several subsistence-based indigenous groups, including the Miskito, Pech and Garifuna, as well as the non-indigenous Ladinos. Communities within the reserve depend on forest resources, swidden agriculture, marine resources and/or small-scale ranching as the foundations for local economies. Regulations placed on these subsistence practices, after establishment of the biosphere reserve in 1980, have created unique and new pressures and resulted in a blend of traditional and innovative resource use. A notable result is the promotion of ecotourism as a solution for meeting the economic needs of local populations while conserving local resources. This thesis documents current resource use in the Miskito and Ladino communities of Banaka, Brans, and Fuente de Jacob, in the Río Pláttano Biosphere Reserve and the potential of ecotourism to maintain both local economies and consumption of tropical rainforest resources in these communities. Analysis suggests that a community-based approach to ecotourism can result in economic benefits and maintain local culture. This thesis documents current resource use (agricultural crops and trees, gathered and cultivated plants, tree-use, and hunting), resident perspectives on ecotourism development and industry, and provides the foundation for long-term monitoring and analysis on the effects of ecotomism on forest resource and land-use in the greater Banaka region.
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Ashby, Simon. "Explaining the corporate demand for risk management : financial and economic views." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1998. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/10938/.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this thesis is to review a number of academic perspectives on the practice of risk management in primarily widely-held (i.e. quoted) firms. In particular the currently dominant modern finance approach is criticised on the grounds that it offers an overly narrow view of corporate risk management behaviour. The core of the modern finance approach is that risk management is said to exist as a means to alleviate the adverse impact of various financial and capital market based agency and transactions costs that prevent the firm's stakeholders from achieving a Pareto efficient distribution of risk amongst themselves. However, in what follows it is argued that the presence of such agency or transactions costs do not provide a complete rationale for corporate risk management. Indeed fruitful research is already being done in the areas of organisational behaviour, sociology and psychology. Yet, what remains to be fully explored is the short run economic impact of risk management on a firm. In view of this a new economic framework for risk management is proposed based on the twin economic concepts of risk related "pure penalties" (which represent an unambiguous cost to a firm) and "technological nonlinearities" (which can affect the structure of a fine's revenue, cost and production functions). Both of these phenomena can have a significant effect on the expected profits of a firm. Moreover, it is demonstrated that there are numerous scenarios in which risk management may be used by an expected profit maximising firm.