Relevant bibliographies by topics / Land surface

Academic literature on the topic 'Land surface'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 28 September 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Land surface"

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Shengcheng Cui, Shengcheng Cui, Zhen Wang Zhen Wang, and Shizhi Yang Shizhi Yang. "Parameterization of land surface albedo." Chinese Optics Letters 12, no. 11 (2014): 110101–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col201412.110101.

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Nicholson, Sharon E. "Land surface atmosphere interaction." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 12, no. 1 (March 1988): 36–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030913338801200102.

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Streeter, R., and A. J. Dugmore. "Anticipating land surface change." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 110, no. 15 (March 25, 2013): 5779–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1220161110.

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YAMAMOTO, Yuhei, and Hirohiko ISHIKAWA. "Thermal Land Surface Emissivity for Retrieving Land Surface Temperature from Himawari-8." Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan. Ser. II 96B (2018): 43–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2151/jmsj.2018-004.

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Ke, Y., L. R. Leung, M. Huang, and H. Li. "Enhancing the representation of subgrid land surface characteristics in land surface models." Geoscientific Model Development 6, no. 5 (September 27, 2013): 1609–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-6-1609-2013.

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Abstract. Land surface heterogeneity has long been recognized as important to represent in the land surface models. In most existing land surface models, the spatial variability of surface cover is represented as subgrid composition of multiple surface cover types, although subgrid topography also has major controls on surface processes. In this study, we developed a new subgrid classification method (SGC) that accounts for variability of both topography and vegetation cover. Each model grid cell was represented with a variable number of elevation classes and each elevation class was further described by a variable number of vegetation types optimized for each model grid given a predetermined total number of land response units (LRUs). The subgrid structure of the Community Land Model (CLM) was used to illustrate the newly developed method in this study. Although the new method increases the computational burden in the model simulation compared to the CLM subgrid vegetation representation, it greatly reduced the variations of elevation within each subgrid class and is able to explain at least 80% of the total subgrid plant functional types (PFTs). The new method was also evaluated against two other subgrid methods (SGC1 and SGC2) that assigned fixed numbers of elevation and vegetation classes for each model grid (SGC1: M elevation bands–N PFTs method; SGC2: N PFTs–M elevation bands method). Implemented at five model resolutions (0.1°, 0.25°, 0.5°, 1.0°and 2.0°) with three maximum-allowed total number of LRUs (i.e., NLRU of 24, 18 and 12) over North America (NA), the new method yielded more computationally efficient subgrid representation compared to SGC1 and SGC2, particularly at coarser model resolutions and moderate computational intensity (NLRU = 18). It also explained the most PFTs and elevation variability that is more homogeneously distributed spatially. The SGC method will be implemented in CLM over the NA continent to assess its impacts on simulating land surface processes.
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Ke, Y., L. R. Leung, M. Huang, and H. Li. "Enhancing the representation of subgrid land surface characteristics in land surface models." Geoscientific Model Development Discussions 6, no. 1 (March 28, 2013): 2177–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmdd-6-2177-2013.

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Abstract. Land surface heterogeneity has long been recognized as important to represent in the land surface models. In most existing land surface models, the spatial variability of surface cover is represented as subgrid composition of multiple surface cover types. In this study, we developed a new subgrid classification method (SGC) that accounts for the topographic variability of the vegetation cover. Each model grid cell was represented with a number of elevation classes and each elevation class was further described by a number of vegetation types. The numbers of elevation classes and vegetation types were variable and optimized for each model grid so that the spatial variability of both elevation and vegetation can be reasonably explained given a pre-determined total number of classes. The subgrid structure of the Community Land Model (CLM) was used as an example to illustrate the newly developed method in this study. With similar computational burden as the current subgrid vegetation representation in CLM, the new method is able to explain at least 80% of the total subgrid Plant Functional Types (PFTs) and greatly reduced the variations of elevation within each subgrid class compared to the baseline method where a single elevation class is assigned to each subgrid PFT. The new method was also evaluated against two other subgrid methods (SGC1 and SGC2) that assigned fixed numbers of elevation and vegetation classes for each model grid with different perspectives of surface cover classification. Implemented at five model resolutions (0.1°, 0.25°, 0.5°, 1.0° and 2.0°) with three maximum-allowed total number of classes Nclass of 24, 18 and 12 representing different computational burdens over the North America (NA) continent, the new method showed variable performances compared to the SGC1 and SGC2 methods. However, the advantage of the SGC method over the other two methods clearly emerged at coarser model resolutions and with moderate computational intensity (Nclass = 18) as it explained the most PFTs and elevation variability among the three subgrid methods. Spatially, the SGC method explained more elevation variability in topography-complex areas and more vegetation variability in flat areas. Furthermore, the variability of both elevation and vegetation explained by the new method was more spatially homogeneous regardless of the model resolutions and computational burdens. The SGC method will be implemented in CLM over the NA continent to assess its impacts on simulating land surface processes.
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Mihailović, Dragutin T., Borivoj Rajković, Branislava Lalić, Dušan Jović, and Ljiljana Dekić. "Partitioning the land surface water simulated by a land–air surface scheme." Journal of Hydrology 211, no. 1-4 (November 1998): 17–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-1694(98)00190-5.

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Qiao, Zhi, Dianjun Zhang, Xinliang Xu, and Luo Liu. "Robustness of satellite-derived land surface parameters to urban land surface temperature." International Journal of Remote Sensing 40, no. 5-6 (September 26, 2018): 1858–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2018.1484962.

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Prigent, Catherine, William B. Rossow, and Elaine Matthews. "Global maps of microwave land surface emissivities: Potential for land surface characterization." Radio Science 33, no. 3 (May 1998): 745–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/97rs02460.

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Debie, Ermias, Mesfin Anteneh, and Tadele Asmare. "Land Use/Cover Changes and Surface Temperature Dynamics Over Abaminus Watershed, Northwest Ethiopia." Air, Soil and Water Research 15 (January 2022): 117862212210979. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/11786221221097917.

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The study investigates the impact of land use/cover changes on the dynamics of surface temperature in the Abaminus watershed, Northwest Ethiopia. Landsat-5 images of 1987, 1999, and 2010, and the Landsat-8 image of 2018 were used as the sources of data. The land use/cover changes were calculated using a land-use transition matrix. Data generated from household surveys were presented using percentage values to identify the driving forces of land use/cover changes. The land surface temperature (LST) result was quantified using the respective index equation. Results indicated that wetland, forest, shrublands, and grasslands declined by 96.6%, 72%, 77.7%, and 89.4% respectively over the analysis period. The encroachment of cultivation and overgrazing to marginal lands, weak institutional arrangement, sedimentation, high drainage of wetlands for crop production, and recurrent drought were the major driving forces behind the land use/cover change. Within this effect, the average land surface temperature was increased by 11.5°C, 3.22°C, and 2.02°C due to wetland loss, clearing of the forest, and decline of shrublands respectively for the last 31 years. LSTs had correspondingly decreased by 5.42°C and 3.77°C on the afforested barren surfaces and planted shrublands. Hence, there should be an improved institutional arrangement for managing open access resources through the participation of local people in the management for minimizing the increase of land surface temperature in the study watershed. Moreover, enclosure management and plantation of multipurpose species on degraded communal lands shall be scaled-up to significantly reduce land surface temperatures.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Land surface"

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Jiang, Geng-Ming Li Zhao-Liang. "Retrievals of land surface emissivity and land surface temperature from MSG1-SEVIRI data." Strasbourg : Université Louis Pasteur, 2008. http://eprints-scd-ulp.u-strasbg.fr:8080/848/01/JIANG_Geng_Ming_2007.pdf.

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Jiang, Geng-Ming. "Retrievals of land surface emissivity and land surface temperature from MSG1-SEVIRI data." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2007. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2007/JIANG_Geng-Ming_2007.pdf.

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Les objectifs de cette thèse sont concentrés sur la détermination de l’émissivité (LSE) et de la température de surface (LST) des surfaces terrestres à partir des données de MSG 1 -SEVIRI. Dans un premier temps l’inter-calibrage des canaux infrarouges 4, 9 et 10 de MSG I -SEVIRI avec les canaux de Terra-MODIS est réalisé. Deux méthodes, la méthode «ray-matching» et une méthode basée sur l’équation transfert radiatif ont été appliqués. Les résultats indiquent que les anomalies de calibrage existent entre les canaux de SEVIRI et de MODIS. L’utilisation des résultats obtenus par la méthode basée sur le transfert radiatif pour recalibrer les données de SEVIRI est recommandée. Ce recalibrage permet de supprimer la surestimation des LSTs obtenues à partir des données de SEVIRI avec une méthode SplitWindow. Les émissivités sont ensuite estimées dans les canaux 4, 7, 9 et 10 sur des grandes étendues spatiales et temporelles en utilisant une méthode basée sur le concept des TISI. Une nouvelle méthode de corrections atmosphériques a été développée, principalement basée sur le modèle de DTC (Diumal Time Cycle), et deux modèles de BRDF, le modèle du Minnaert modifié et le modèle de RossThick-LiSparse-R, ont été évalués. Les températures de surface sont déterminées à partir des données MSGI-SEVIRJ et AATSR. La méthode mono canal simple et la méthode Split Window ont été utilisées. Les algorithmes généralisés de Split Window ont été développés pour les instruments SEVIRI et AATSR en utilisant le code MODTRAN et les profils atmosphériques standards et ont été appliqués avec succès aux déterminations des LST à partir des données de SEVIRI et d’AATSR. Les températures de surface obtenues à partir de SEVERI ont été validées par comparaison directe avec les produits MODIS/Terra LST et les AATSR LST estimées par la Split Window généralisée au-dessus de la péninsule ibérienne et d’une région de l’Egypte et du 1Moyen-est. Les résultats indiquent que les LST SEVIRJ sont conformes au LST extraites des produits MODIS/Terra LST et AATSR LST avec une exactitude comprise entre l-2 K.
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Westberg, Daniel. "A sensor fusion method for detection of surface laid land mines." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-10479.

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Landminor är ett stort problem både under och efter krigstid. De metoder som används för att detektera minor har inte ändrats mycket sedan 1940-talet. Forskning med mål att utvärdera olika elektro-optiska sensorer och metoder som skulle kunna användas för att skapa mer effektiv min-detektion genomförs på FOI. Försök som har gjorts med data från bland annat laser-radar och IR-sensorer har gett intressanta resultat.

I det här examensarbetet utvärderades olika fenomen och egenskaper i laser-radar- och IR-data. De testade egenskaperna var intensitet, IR, ytlikhet och höjd.

En metod som segmenterar intressanta objekt och bakgrundsdata utformades och implementerades. Metoden använde sig av expectation-maximization-skattning och ett minimum message length-kriterium. Ett scatter separability-kriterium användes för att bestämma kvalitén på de olika egenskaperna och på den resulterande segmenteringen.

Data insamlad under en mätkampanj av FOI användes för att testa metoden. Resultatet visade bland annat att ytlikhetsmåttet gav en bra segmentering för stora objekt med släta ytor, men var sämre för små objekt med skrovliga ytor. Vid jämförelse med en manuellt skapad mål-mask visade det sig att metoden klarade av att välja ut egenskaper som i många fall gav en godkänd segmentering.


Land mines are a huge problem in conflict time and after. Methods used to detect mines have not changed much since the 1940's. Research aiming to evaluate output from different electro-optical sensors and develop methods for more efficient mine detection is performed at FOI. Early experiments with laser radar sensors show promising results, as do analysis of data from infrared sensors.

In this thesis, an evaluation is made of features found in laser radar- and in infrared -sensor data. The tested features are intensity, infrared, a surfaceness feature extracted from the laser radar data and height above an estimated ground plane.

A method for segmenting interesting objects from background data using theexpectation-maximization algorithm and a minimum message length criterion is designed and implemented. A scatter separability criterion is utilized to determine the quality of the features and the resulting segmentation.

The method is tested on real data from a field trial performed by FOI. The results show that the surfaceness feature supports the segmentation of larger object with smooth surfaces but gives no contribution to small object with irregular surfaces. The method produces a decent result of selecting contributing features for different neighbourhoods of a scene. A comparison with a manually created target mask of the neighbourhood and the segmented components show that in most cases a high percentage separation of mine data and background data is possible.

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Panin, Gennadij N., Gerd Tetzlaff, Armin Raabe, Hans-Jürgen Schönfeldt, and A. E. Nasonov. "Inhomogeneity of the land surface and the parameterization of surface fluxes." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-213104.

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Modem measurement methods ofthe surface turbulent fluxes (STF) of heat, moisture and momentum in the near surface atmospheric layer by the eddy correlation method and their calculation, relay on the validity of the similarity theory of Monin-Obukhov, which requests stationarity and horizontal homogeneity. Experimental data taken at specially selected sites allowed to develop this concept. Recently performed experiments, purposely conducted in non-ideal conditions showed an underestimation ofthe STF values. To systematise this effect it is suggested to parameterize such underestimation as the influence of inhomogeneity and nonstationarity of the landscape and the atmosphere around the point of observation. This scheme might prove to be useful for the design of new validation experiments in non-ideal terrain
Modeme Meßmethoden zur Erfassung der turbulenten Oberflächenflüsse für fühlbare und latente Wärme sowie Impuls mit Hilfe der Eddy-Korrelations-Methode basieren für die bodennahe Grenzschicht auf der Monin-Obukhov-Turbulenztheorie, die stationäre und horizontal homogene Verhältnisse voraussetzt. Über speziell ausgewählten Oberflächen wurde dieses Konzept häufig mit Erfolg überprüft. Experimente jedoch, die gezielt unter inhomogenen Verhältnissen durchgeführt werden, zeigen oft eine Unterschätzung der turbulenten Oberflächenflüsse. Es wird vorgeschlagen, diese Unterschätzungen als einen Einfluß inhomogener Umbegungsbedingungen und instationärer atmosphärischer Prozesse zu interpretieren und zu systematisieren. Dieses Schema kann dazu beitragen, eine neue Art von Validierungsexperimenten unter natürlichen Verhältnissen einer inhomogenen Umgebung zu entwerfen
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Panin, Gennadij N., Gerd Tetzlaff, Armin Raabe, Hans-Jürgen Schönfeldt, and A. E. Nasonov. "Inhomogeneity of the land surface and the parameterization of surface fluxes." Wissenschaftliche Mitteilungen des Leipziger Instituts für Meteorologie ; 4 = Meteorologische Arbeiten aus Leipzig ; 2 (1996), S. 204-215, 1996. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A15066.

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Modem measurement methods ofthe surface turbulent fluxes (STF) of heat, moisture and momentum in the near surface atmospheric layer by the eddy correlation method and their calculation, relay on the validity of the similarity theory of Monin-Obukhov, which requests stationarity and horizontal homogeneity. Experimental data taken at specially selected sites allowed to develop this concept. Recently performed experiments, purposely conducted in non-ideal conditions showed an underestimation ofthe STF values. To systematise this effect it is suggested to parameterize such underestimation as the influence of inhomogeneity and nonstationarity of the landscape and the atmosphere around the point of observation. This scheme might prove to be useful for the design of new validation experiments in non-ideal terrain.
Modeme Meßmethoden zur Erfassung der turbulenten Oberflächenflüsse für fühlbare und latente Wärme sowie Impuls mit Hilfe der Eddy-Korrelations-Methode basieren für die bodennahe Grenzschicht auf der Monin-Obukhov-Turbulenztheorie, die stationäre und horizontal homogene Verhältnisse voraussetzt. Über speziell ausgewählten Oberflächen wurde dieses Konzept häufig mit Erfolg überprüft. Experimente jedoch, die gezielt unter inhomogenen Verhältnissen durchgeführt werden, zeigen oft eine Unterschätzung der turbulenten Oberflächenflüsse. Es wird vorgeschlagen, diese Unterschätzungen als einen Einfluß inhomogener Umbegungsbedingungen und instationärer atmosphärischer Prozesse zu interpretieren und zu systematisieren. Dieses Schema kann dazu beitragen, eine neue Art von Validierungsexperimenten unter natürlichen Verhältnissen einer inhomogenen Umgebung zu entwerfen.
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Yang, Jiansheng. "Remote sensing modeling of land surface temperature /." View online ; access limited to URI, 2003. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.helin.uri.edu/dissertations/dlnow/3112133.

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Altaf, Muhammad 1961. "Area-average representation of land surface covers in large atmospheric models based on remotely sensed land surface cover data." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282572.

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The research described in this dissertation is predicted on the hypothesis that remotely sensed information on vegetation cover classes can be used to improve the representation of heterogeneous continental surfaces in global climate models. The problem it addressed was that current understanding of soil-vegetation-atmosphere interactions is considered only to be relevant to small plots of uniform vegetation with dimensions of the order 10-1000 m but, in order to provide realistic simulation of climate, General Circulation Models require description of such interactions for large areas of mixed vegetation with dimensions of the order 100-1000 km. The methods used to investigate this issue was to create and apply a coupled model that provided realistic representation of both surface and atmospheric boundary layer processes, and to use this model to simulate surface-atmosphere interactions with explicit representation of patches of vegetation on the one hand, and with a single, area-average representation of exchanges on the other. These modeling studies were given credibility by initiating and validating the coupled model using appropriate data from the FIFE site in Kansas and the ABRACOS site in Brazil. The results showed that when quite simple aggregation rules are used to derive the effective area-average values of the vegetation-related parameters, these parameters give adequate simulation of surface-atmosphere interactions. These aggregation rules were then applied using remotely sensed maps of land cover to derive parameter values. Significant differences were found in the resulting parameters, and in the surface energy fluxes and modeled climate calculated using those parameters. Thus, it has been shown that remotely sensed data can indeed be used to improve the representation of heterogeneous land surfaces in global climate models using the methods developed in this research, and that using these data significantly alters the simulated global climate.
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Ghent, Darren John. "Land surface modelling and Earth observation of land/atmosphere interactions in African savannahs." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/10274.

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Land/atmosphere feedback processes play a significant role in determining climate forcing on monthly to decadal timescales. Considerable uncertainty however exists in land surface model representation of these processes. This investigation represents an innovative approach to understanding key land surface processes in African savannahs in the framework of the UK‘s most important land surface model – the Joint UK Land Environment Simulator (JULES). Findings from an investigation into the carbon balance of Africa for a 25-year period from 1982 to 2006 inclusive show that JULES estimated Africa to behave as a carbon sink for most of the 1980‘s and 1990‘s punctuated by three periods as a carbon source, which coincided with the three strongest El Niño events of the period. From 2002 until 2006 the continent was also estimated to be a source of carbon. Overall, the JULES simulation suggests a weakening of the African terrestrial carbon sink during this period primarily caused by hot and dry conditions in savannahs. Applying the model further, land surface temperature (LST) displayed large uncertainty with respect to savannah field measurements from Kruger National Park, South Africa, and JULES systematically underestimated LST with respect to Earth Observation data continent-wide. The postulation was that a reduction in the uncertainty of surface-to-atmosphere heat and water fluxes could be achieved by constraining JULES simulations with satellite-derived LST using an Ensemble Kalman Filter. Findings show statistically significant reductions in root mean square errors with data assimilation than without; for heat flux simulations when compared with Eddy Covariance measurements, and surface soil moisture when compared with derivations from microwave scatterometers. The improved representation of LST was applied to map daily fuel moisture content – one of the most important wildfire determinants - over the mixed tree/grass landscapes of Africa, whereby values were strongly correlated with field measurements acquired from three savannah locations.
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White, Cary Blake, and Cary Blake White. "Soil Moisture Variability in Land Surface-Atmosphere Interactions." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626791.

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Meteorological measurements in the Walnut Gulch catchment in Arizona were used to synthesize a distributed, hourly-average time series of data across a 26.9 by 12.5 km area with a grid resolution of 480 m for a continuous 18-month period which included two seasons of monsoonal rainfall. Coupled surface-atmosphere model runs established the acceptability (for modeling purposes) of assuming uniformity in all meteorological variables other than rainfall. Rainfall was interpolated onto the grid from an array of 82 recording rain gauges. These meteorological data were used as forcing variables for an equivalent array of stand-alone Biosphere-Atmosphere Transfer Scheme (BATS) models to describe the evolution of soil moisture and surface energy fluxes in response to the prevalent, heterogeneous pattern of convective precipitation. The calculated area-average behavior was compared with that given by a single aggregate BATS simulation forced with area-average meteorological data. Heterogeneous rainfall gives rise to significant but partly compensating differences in the transpiration and the intercepted rainfall components of total evaporation during rain storms. However, the calculated area-average surface energy fluxes given by the two simulations in rain-free conditions with strong heterogeneity in soil moisture were always close to identical, a result which is independent of whether default or site-specific vegetation and soil parameters are used. Because the spatial variability in soil moisture throughout the catchment has the same order of magnitude as the amount of rain falling in a typical convective storm (commonly 10% of the vegetation's root zone saturation), in a semi-arid environment, any non-linearity in the relationship between transpiration and the soil moisture available to the vegetation has limited influence on area-average surface fluxes.
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Luke, Catherine M. "Modelling aspects of land-atmosphere interaction : thermal instability in peatland soils and land parameter estimation through data assimilation." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/3229.

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The land (or ‘terrestrial’) biosphere strongly influences the exchange of carbon, energy and water between the land surface and the atmosphere. The size of the land carbon store and the magnitude of the interannual variability of the carbon exchange make models of the land surface a vital component in climate models. This thesis addresses two aspects of land surface modelling: soil respiration and phenology modelling, using different techniques with the goal of improving model representation of land-atmosphere interaction. The release of heat associated with soil respiration is neglected in the vast majority of large-scale models but may be critically important under certain circumstances. In this thesis, the effect of this heat release is considered in two ways. Firstly, a deliberately simple model for soil temperature and soil carbon, including biological heating, is constructed to investigate the effect of thermal energy generated by microbial respiration on soil temperature and soil carbon stocks, specifically in organic soils. Secondly, the mechanism for biological self-heating is implemented in the Joint UK Land Environment Simulator (JULES), in order to investigate the impacts of the extra feedback in a complex model. With the intention of improving estimates of the parameters governing modelled land surface processes, a data assimilation system based on the JULES land surface model is presented. The ADJULES data assimilation system uses information from the derivative of JULES (or adjoint) to search for a locally optimum parameter set by calibrating against observations. In this thesis, ADJULES is used with satellite-derived vegetation indices to improve the modelling of phenology in JULES.
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Books on the topic "Land surface"

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Schmugge, Thomas J., and Jean-Claude André, eds. Land Surface Evaporation. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3032-8.

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Sorooshian, Soroosh, Hoshin V. Gupta, and John C. Rodda, eds. Land Surface Processes in Hydrology. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60567-3.

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Evoy, B. L. Surface and groundwater management in surface mined-land reclamation. San Francisco, CA: California Division of Mines and Geology, 1989.

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Evoy, Barbara. Surface and groundwater management in surface mined-land reclamation. Sacramento, CA: Dept. of Conservation, Division of Mines and Geology, 1989.

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Evoy, Barbara. Surface and groundwater management in surface mined-land reclamation. Sacramento, CA: Dept. of Conservation, Division of Mines and Geology, 1989.

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Thomspon, C. S. Stream relocation on surface mined land. S.l: s.n, 1985.

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Liang, Shunlin, Xiaotong Zhang, Zhiqiang Xiao, Jie Cheng, Qiang Liu, and Xiang Zhao. Global LAnd Surface Satellite (GLASS) Products. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02588-9.

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McLaren, Sue J. Linking Climate Change to Land Surface Change. Dordrecht: Springer, 2000.

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Kalma, Jetse D. Land surface processes in large-scale hydrology. Geneva, Switzerland: Secretariat of the World Meteorological Organization, 1994.

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Kalma, Jetse D. Land surface processes in large-scale hydrology. Geneva, Switzerland: Secretariat of the World Meteorological Organization, 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Land surface"

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Farr, Thomas. "Land Surface Roughness." In Encyclopedia of Remote Sensing, 311–14. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-36699-9_76.

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Gillespie, Alan. "Land Surface Emissivity." In Encyclopedia of Remote Sensing, 303–11. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-36699-9_77.

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Gillespie, Alan. "Land Surface Temperature." In Encyclopedia of Remote Sensing, 314–19. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-36699-9_79.

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Bailey, G. Bryan. "Land Surface Topography." In Encyclopedia of Remote Sensing, 320–25. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-36699-9_80.

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Irannejad, Parviz, and Yaping Shao. "Land Surface Processes." In Environmental Modelling and Prediction, 173–213. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04868-9_5.

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Hanes, Jonathan M., Liang Liang, and Jeffrey T. Morisette. "Land Surface Phenology." In Springer Remote Sensing/Photogrammetry, 99–125. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-25047-7_4.

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Xiao, Xiangming, Junhui Zhang, Huimin Yan, Weixing Wu, and Chandrashekhar Biradar. "Land Surface Phenology." In Phenology of Ecosystem Processes, 247–70. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0026-5_11.

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Xie, Zhenghui, Xiangjun Tian, Peihua Qin, Binghao Jia, Yan Yu, Jing Zou, Aiwen Wang, Jianguo Liu, and Qin Sun. "Land Surface Improvements." In Flexible Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System Model, 383–91. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41801-3_45.

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Niyogi, Dev. "Land Surface Processes." In Springer Atmospheric Sciences, 349–70. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3396-5_17.

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Houser, Paul R. "Land Surface Processes." In Data Assimilation for the Earth System, 321–29. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0029-1_28.

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Conference papers on the topic "Land surface"

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"Front Matter: Volume 8524." In Land Surface Remote Sensing, edited by Jiancheng Shi, Taikan Oki, Yoshiaki Honda, Haruo Sawada, and Dara Entekhabi. SPIE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2008672.

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"Front Matter: Volume 9260." In Land Surface Remote Sensing II, edited by Thomas J. Jackson, Jing Ming Chen, Peng Gong, and Shunlin Liang. SPIE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2179079.

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Bornez, K., A. Verger, I. Filella, and J. Penuelas. "Land surface phenology from Copernicus Global Land time series." In 2017 9th International Workshop on the Analysis of Multitemporal Remote Sensing Images (MultiTemp). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/multi-temp.2017.8035262.

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Munawar, M., T. A. E. Prasetya, R. McNeil, and R. Jani. "Sumatra Land Surface Temperature Increase." In 1st International Conference on Mathematics and Mathematics Education (ICMMEd 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210508.047.

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Duan, Ping, and Shuting Li. "Relationship between land surface temperature and land use/land cover in Taiyuan, China." In Fifth Symposium on Novel Optoelectronic Detection Technology and Application, edited by Qifeng Yu, Wei Huang, and You He. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2521120.

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McGrath, Gavan S., Anamika Shreevastava, and P. Suresh C. Rao. "Spatial analysis of the Surface Urban Heat Island." In Land Surface and Cryosphere Remote Sensing IV, edited by Jing M. Chen, Reza Khanbilvardi, and Mitchell Goldberg. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2501441.

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"Front Matter: Volume 10777." In Land Surface and Cryosphere Remote Sensing IV, edited by Jing M. Chen, Reza Khanbilvardi, and Mitchell Goldberg. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2520635.

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Murti, Sigit H. "Remote-sensing and GIS model for food security mapping in Gunungkidul Regency, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta." In Land Surface and Cryosphere Remote Sensing IV, edited by Jing M. Chen, Reza Khanbilvardi, and Mitchell Goldberg. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2324029.

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Fu, Zhuo, Lijing Gao, Lifang Zhao, and Zhanfeng Shen. "Evaluating observation and modeling of net radiation based on remote sensing data and CoLM." In Land Surface and Cryosphere Remote Sensing IV, edited by Jing M. Chen, Reza Khanbilvardi, and Mitchell Goldberg. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2324657.

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Liu, Liangyun, and Xiao Zhang. "Dynamic mapping of broadband visible albedo of soil background at global 500-m scale from MODIS satellite products." In Land Surface and Cryosphere Remote Sensing IV, edited by Jing M. Chen, Reza Khanbilvardi, and Mitchell Goldberg. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2324659.

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Reports on the topic "Land surface"

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Gutowski, W. J. Jr. Modeling land-surface/atmosphere dynamics for CHAMMP. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6711123.

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Desilets, Darin, James S. Brennan, Nicholas Mascarenhas, and Peter Marleau. Land-surface studies with a directional neutron detector. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/976953.

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Phillips, T. J. On the Potential Predictability of Seasonal Land-Surface Climate. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/15002740.

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Krause, K. J. Resource information - northwest Alaska area land-use plan, surface hydrology. Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.14509/1136.

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Simmons, Carver S., and Jason M. Knell. Status of Models for Land Surface Spills of Nonaqueous Liquids. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/15010541.

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Miller, MA, R. Avissar, LK Berg, SA Edgerton, ML Fischer, TJ Jackson, B. Kustas, et al. SGP Cloud and Land Surface Interaction Campaign (CLASIC): Measurement Platforms. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/948002.

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Franke, James, Beth Drewniak, Alexandre Renchon, Zhenong Jin, Vipin Kumar, Kaiyu Guan, Bin Peng, Jules Cacho, Leroy Walston, and Elizabether Moyer. Land Surface Modeling 2.0 for agricultural climate change impact assessments. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1769734.

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Chamecki, Marcelo, and Gabriel Katul. Bridging Land-Surface Fluxes and Aerosol Concentrations to Triggering Convective Rainfall. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1473980.

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Schrader-Patton, Charlie, Nancy E. Grulke, and Jacqueline Ott. Monitoring land surface phenology in near real time by using PhenoMap. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/pnw-gtr-982.

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Schrader-Patton, Charlie, Nancy E. Grulke, and Jacqueline Ott. Monitoring land surface phenology in near real time by using PhenoMap. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/pnw-gtr-982.

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