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Journal articles on the topic 'Land settlement patterns'
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1
Tsabit N, Chindy Dhia, and Bitta Pigawati. "The Pattern of Settlement Distribution in Disaster Prone Areas of Semarang City." Jurnal Teknik Sipil dan Perencanaan 23, no. 2 (October 28, 2021): 94–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jtsp.v23i2.30292.
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The increase in population in Semarang City affects the trends in land use. Limited availability of land in contrast to the increasing demand for land has prompted residents to choose a place to live in a location not following its designation. Several settlements in Semarang City have developed in disaster-prone locations. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of settlements in disaster-prone areas, including aspects of land use, levels of vulnerability to natural hazards, and settlement distribution patterns. The research is a descriptive quantitative study with a spatial approach and utilizes images from remote sensing and Geographic Information systems (GIS). The results show that the settlements covering an area of 5,577 hectares or 33.5% of the total settlement area of Semarang City are in disaster-prone areas. Most disaster-prone areas have a moderate level of vulnerability. There are three patterns of settlement distribution in the study area, namely clustered, random, and dispersed patterns. Most districts in Semarang City have a random pattern of disaster-prone settlements. The settlement distribution pattern reflects the characteristics of each disaster-prone area.
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Hashmi, Zahra Akram. "Land Revenue Settlements: The Magnitudes of Economic Development in the State of Bahawalpur (1866–1947)." Indian Historical Review 48, no. 1 (May 25, 2021): 131–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03769836211009711.
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With the advent of the British in India, the colonial institutions were introduced throughout the country. In the Bahawalpur State, the Agency government stimulated the fiscal patterns of British India particularly its settlement policy, which brought amelioration in the native revenue system. This paper traces the historical process of land settlement for revenue generation and their impact over the agrarian economy of the State. These settlements became the major contributing factor towards the economic advancement. The different phases of settlement of land, along with the extent of government demand are established in this research. The third phase of land settlement resulted by the beginning of weir control water system, brought some revolutionary changes in the land pattern and revenue structure therefore, it has been particularly focused in this paper. The data for this study is mainly based on unpublished archival documents and unpublished assessment reports.
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Wang, Jieyong, and Yu Zhang. "Analysis on the Evolution of Rural Settlement Pattern and Its Influencing Factors in China from 1995 to 2015." Land 10, no. 11 (October 26, 2021): 1137. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10111137.
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Since the early 1990s, China has experienced rapid industrialization and urbanization. As cities have expanded rapidly, the spatial patterns of rural settlements also changed significantly. This study uses land use data from satellite imagery interpretation, socioeconomic statistics, and field survey data, together with techniques including landscape pattern analysis, kernel density estimation, and spatial measurement models, to analyze the evolving spatial patterns of rural settlements influencing factors in China from 1995 to 2015. The results indicate the following: First, China’s rural settlements experienced significant changes in the period 1995–2015, as 88.92% of Prefectural-level administrative district units saw an increase in rural settlement area, with total settlement size increasing by 1.35 million hectares, and settlement area sprawl index values can be summarized as “high in the west and low in the east”. Second, in the two-decade study period, the population agglomeration capacity of rural settlements in China continuously weakened, and the shape and structure of rural settlement became more complex and irregular. The scale and scope of the disappearance of rural settlement areas in the northeast and southeast regions was relatively drastic, and the kernel density value of settlements dropped significantly. Third, the increase in rural settlement land area is concentrated in low-altitude and low-slope areas, with a significant tendency to be near water and roads. Fourth, social and economic factors, such as per capita net income of rural residents, the proportion of the population employed in agriculture, the size and structure of the permanent rural population, local fiscal revenue, and urbanization level, are the main factors that cause changes of rural settlement patterns. The results of this study can serve as a reference for promoting regional rural sustainable development policies and advancing rural spatial governance and comprehensive revitalization.
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Chen, Sen, Muhammad Sajid Mehmood, Shuchen Liu, and Yimin Gao. "Spatial Pattern and Influencing Factors of Rural Settlements in Qinba Mountains, Shaanxi Province, China." Sustainability 14, no. 16 (August 15, 2022): 10095. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141610095.
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Spatial patterns and the influencing determinants of rural settlements are the most important indicators for understanding the constituent structure of rural regional systems. However, there is little knowledge addressing the characteristics from the settlement perspective by realizing the spatial reconstruction and sustainable development of rural settlements. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed the geographical, size, and morphological properties of rural settlement patterns in the Qinba Mountains in southern Shaanxi Province, China, using rural settlement and remote sensing data through spatial measurement index, gradient transects, demographic-economic index, and geodetector analysis. The results show the following: (1) Overall, rural settlements have spatial characteristics of “high-density multi-core clusters (0.8–1.6/km2) and low-density broadly scattered (<0.08/km2)”. There is a significant positive correlation between the scale of rural settlement density and the characteristics of high-value agglomeration. (2) The spatial disparities of morphological traits of settlement shapes are significant. Furthermore, 1840 NP/piece of plain basin landform types provide high-value areas for each settlement feature value, and locations with moderate slopes are best for settlement dispersal. Moreover, rivers, roads, and distance from township centers are all examples of beneficial directivity. There is consistency between the spatial differentiation of rural settlement areas per capita and the distribution of settlement scale. Conversely, the settlement density is inconsistent with the agricultural production value density’s spatial distribution features. (3) The impact of geographical factors on the diversification of settlement characteristics has significant spatial differences. Moreover, natural ecological characteristics such as elevation and landform and the distribution of cultivated land strongly influence the spatial pattern of the study region. Finally, the study findings can be beneficial for land and space planning and rural governments to develop sustainable rural settlements.
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Matarira, Dadirai, Onisimo Mutanga, Maheshvari Naidu, Terence Darlington Mushore, and Marco Vizzari. "Characterizing Informal Settlement Dynamics Using Google Earth Engine and Intensity Analysis in Durban Metropolitan Area, South Africa: Linking Pattern to Process." Sustainability 15, no. 3 (February 2, 2023): 2724. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15032724.
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The growing population in informal settlements expedites alterations in land use and land cover (LULC) over time. Understanding the patterns and processes of landscape transitions associated with informal settlement dynamics in rapidly urbanizing cities is critical for better understanding of consequences, especially in environmentally vulnerable areas. The study sought to map and systematically analyze informal settlement growth patterns, dynamics and processes, as well as associated LULC transitions in Durban Metropolitan area, from 2015 to 2021. The study applied an object-based image classification on PlanetScope imagery within the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform. Further, intensity analysis approach was utilized to quantitatively investigate inter-category transitions at category and transition levels. Thus far, no study of land conversion to and from informal settlement areas in South Africa has exploited both GEE and intensity analysis approaches. The results suggest spatial growth of informal settlements with a total net gain of 3%. Intensity analysis results at category level revealed that informal settlements were actively losing and gaining land area within the period, with yearly gain and loss intensity of 72% and 54%, correspondingly, compared to the uniform intensity of 26%. While the growth of informal settlements avoided water bodies over the studied period, there was an observed systematic process of transition between informal settlements and other urban land. Government policy initiatives toward upgrading informal housing could be attributed to the transitions between informal and other urban settlements. This study illustrates the efficacy of intensity analysis in enhancing comprehension of the patterns and processes in land changes, which aids decision making for suitable urban land upgrading plans in the Durban Metropolitan area.
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Ran, Duan, Qiyu Hu, and Zhanlu Zhang. "Spatial–Temporal Evolution, Impact Mechanisms, and Reclamation Potential of Rural Human Settlements in China." Land 13, no. 4 (March 28, 2024): 430. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land13040430.
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In China’s pursuit of modernization, the government has introduced the rural revitalization strategy to combat rural decline, foster balanced urban–rural development, and reduce the urban–rural gap. Rural human settlements, as key components of this strategy, play a vital role. This paper examines the types and characteristics of human–earth relationships within rural settlements, emphasizing their significance. Using national land use and population census data, we analyze the spatiotemporal evolution of rural settlements at the county level, investigating landscape pattern changes, assessing the degree of coupling coordination between rural population and settlements, categorizing relationship types and features, and estimating the potential for remediation. Our findings reveal a growing trend in the scale of rural human settlements, particularly sourced from arable land, with significant expansions observed in the North China Plain and Northeast Plain, indicating potential for farmland reclamation and village consolidation. Landscape patterns of rural human settlements exhibit increased fragmentation, complex shapes, and aggregation. We categorize the utilization of rural human settlements into two types, each with four distinct features: human–land coordination is observed in regions characterized by either a higher rural population and larger rural settlement areas, or lower rural population and smaller rural settlement areas. Human–land trade-offs are evident in areas where there is either a higher rural population and smaller rural settlement areas, or lower rural population and larger rural settlement areas. This provides valuable insights for the Chinese government’s context-specific implementation of the rural revitalization strategy. It also serves as an experiential reference for the governance of rural human settlements in other developing countries.
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Afti, Siti Naila Tassa Ghuba, and Fitriana Syahar. "Evaluation of Settlement Space Patterns in Solok City with Remote Sensing." Journal of Applied Geospatial Information 6, no. 2 (November 2, 2022): 669–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.30871/jagi.v6i2.4509.
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Land use is the physical form of the earth's surface that is influenced by human activities. The increase in population results in changes in land use for settlements that tend to increase and are not controlled, so it is necessary to monitor the rate of these changes so that the balance of life and the environment can be maintained and in accordance with what has been regulated by the government in the regional spatial plan (RTRW). This study aims to identify changes in settlement area from 2010-2020 in Solok City and assess the suitability of land use for settlements with residential spatial patterns (RTRW) in 2012-2031 Solok City. This study uses remote sensing data in the form of spot images. The steps taken by the image interpretation approach with manual digitization methods and arcgis applications, accuracy sampling is done by random sampling with the confusion matrix accuracy test technique carried out to answer the goal. The results of the study found that the image accuracy was 91.66%. Then, the condition of settlements in Solok City continues to increase in area every year in the 2010-2020 period with a total of 353.8 Ha, where the largest area of settlement changes is in Lubuk Sikarah District. In this study, it can be stated that the area of settlement in 2020 is 306.50 Ha which is not in accordance with the area contained in the spatial pattern (RTRW) of Solok City
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Syukriah, H. G., Yaswirman Yaswirman, Firman Hasan, Kurniawarman Kurniawarman, and Taufiqurrahman Taufiqurrahman. "Debt Guarantee Settlement Patterns in Minangkabau." International Journal of Criminology and Sociology 10 (December 31, 2020): 313–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/1929-4409.2021.10.38.
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Debt collateral is often unacceptable to the execution of debt collateral because there is coercion and leads to court so that many debts are not collected. In Minangkabau customary law, there is no compulsion to pay off debts. This research answers how people make debt-receivables agreements and must be repaid by the debtors in the Minangkabau customary law arrangement in Sungai Dareh village, West Sumatra. This research method is through observation and interviews of local customary leaders. The implementation of the pattern of execution of debt collateral settlement in Minangkabau is motivated by the legal relationship between the creditor and the collateral in the form of land. The creditor only has the right to cultivate or take the proceeds from the land given by the debt recipient until the debt is paid off or redeemed by the debt recipient, so that debt settlement will never transfer ownership rights to the land. In an urgent situation, the creditor can transfer the debt to the new lender, which stops the legal relationship between the first creditor and the debt recipient and creates a new legal relationship between the second creditor and the debt recipient. Creditors' rights remain a priority, and there is no time limit in paying off debts. This debt settlement is very different from debt settlement in positive law in Indonesia. The creditor has the right to sell the land as collateral for the debt if the debt cannot be settled after a certain period, which results in the loss of ownership of the debt recipient over the land that is used as debt collateral. There is a need for positive legal reform in Indonesia regarding the execution of debt guarantees.
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Suwarlan, Stivani Ayuning. "ANALISIS POLA PERMUKIMAN KAMPUNG PENELEH SURABAYA." Jurnal Arsitektur ARCADE 4, no. 1 (March 20, 2020): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31848/arcade.v4i1.335.
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Abstract: Settlement patterns in an area can change due to population growth and activity from year to year, thereby increasing the need for housing. The increased need for housing has caused local residents to build buildings without regard to initial land boundaries / initial house plots, so that building compaction occurs. As a result of building compaction can change the pattern of settlements and even create new patterns of settlement in the area. Knowing changes in patterns and the existence of new patterns is very necessary, especially for local governments as material for study in making regulations / policies. This case occurred in Surabaya Peneleh Village, which used to have settlements on the riverbank transformed into an area that had an elongated pattern following the street network and clustered pattern due to compaction of buildings.Keywords: settlement, settlement patterns, building compactionAbstrak: Pola permukiman pada suatu wilayah dapat mengalami perubahan yang disebabkan oleh pertumbuhan dan aktivitas penduduk dari tahun ke tahun sehingga meningkatkan kebutuhan rumah tinggal. Kebutuhan rumah yang meningkat ini menyebabkan penduduk setempat mendirikan bangunan tanpa memperhatikan batas lahan/ kavling awal, sehingga terjadilah pemadatan bangunan. Hasil dari pemadatan bangunan ini dapat merubah pola permukiman bahkan menciptakan pola permukiman baru pada wilayah tersebut. Diketahuinya perubahan pola dan keberadaan pola baru sangat diperlukan terutama bagi pemerintah setempat sebagai bahan kajian dalam pembuatan peraturan/ kebijakan. Hal ini terjadi pada Kampung Peneleh Surabaya yang awalnya hanya memiliki permukiman di pinggiran sungai bertransformasi menjadi wilayah yang memiliki pola permukiman memanjang mengikuti jaringan jalan dan pola mengelompok akibat pemadatan bangunan.Kata Kunci: permukiman, pola permukiman, pemadatan bangunan
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Dewi, Kusuma, Lia Umi Amaliya, Muhammad Rafi’ Attamimi, Akmal Fahmi, and Neni Wahyuningtyas. "Environmental Sustainability and Spatial Pattern of Settlement in the Osing and Sasak Communities." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1066, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 012012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1066/1/012012.
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Abstract Local communities have patterns of adaptation to their environment and produce local knowledge systems. Local knowledge provides a pattern of relationships between communities and their environment to support nature conservation. Local knowledge also produces spatial patterns of community settlements. The aim of this research is to find the differences and similarities the way of thinking Sasak and Osing tribes in protecting their environment and their relation to the spatial pattern of community settlements. This research is classified as a qualitative descriptive research. The approach used ethnography. Data search in this case using in-depth interview techniques, documentation, observation and literacy studies The data analysis technique went through several stages, namely collection, grouping, examination, analysis, and drawing conclusions. The results show that ecological knowledge to achieve environmental harmony has an impact on various behavioral patterns of the Osing and Sasak people. Series of activities to protect the environment starting from knowledge of agricultural systems, management of water resources, land use, plant use, rituals, cultural traditions, or settlement patterns. The spatial pattern of the Osing community settlement is north-south and the direction of the road. Meanwhile, the spatial pattern of the Sasak people’s settlements uses a mountain-sea and east-west orientation.
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Ristvet, Lauren. "Legal and archaeological territories of the second millennium BC in northern Mesopotamia." Antiquity 82, no. 317 (September 1, 2008): 585–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00097246.
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Defining territories and settlement hierarchies is a primary goal of archaeological survey, involving the mapping of different-sized settlements on the ground. However it may not always work, owing to the particular land use or political strategies anciently employed. With the aid of cuneiform documents from Tell Leilan, Syria, the author shows how the settlements found by archaeological survey in northern Mesopotamia actually relate to a number of intersecting authorities, with a hold on major tracts of pasture as well as on arable land and cities. These insights from the Near East have important implications for the interpretation of surveyed settlement patterns everywhere.
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Utami, Westi, Abdul Muzil, Deny Andriawan, Maryono Dwi Saputra, and Weni Yolanda Ratnasari. "SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT IN PALU CITY." Tunas Geografi 9, no. 2 (February 5, 2021): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/tgeo.v9i2.20001.
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The earthquake, tsunami, and liquefaction that hit Palu in 2018 damaged infrastructure and settlements and resulted in 2,101 fatalities. In this context, understanding the level of vulnerability and disaster mitigation is very important, especially in providing directions for spatial use. This study aimed to map the affected areas, map the suitability of land use against spatial planning, and map settlement development in Palu City. Data analysis was carried out spatially through an overlay of spatial pattern maps with disaster-affected areas to map the disaster-affected areas. Next, an overlay was carried out on the land use with the Regional Spatial Plan (RTRW) to map the suitability of land use. Finally, an overlay of disaster-prone space zones was carried out on spatial patterns to map the classification of settlement zones. The results of the analysis show that in Palu City there are locations that are suitable for settlement and development covering an area of 5233.978 Ha or 13%; an area that can be used but conditional for settlement is 26860.36 Ha or 68%; the area that can be used but with certain conditions is 3106,714 Ha or 8%; while the land area of 4057,112 ha or 10% is a forbidden zone. This study is expected to become a consideration for the community in building settlements as well as a consideration in preparing spatial plans to suit disaster mitigation efforts. This effort is made so that the construction of post-disaster settlements is carried out in disaster-safe areas.
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Purnamasari, W. D., and R. Anfansyah. "The phenomenon of urban fringe settlements in the south-north region of Malang City." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 916, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/916/1/012023.
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Abstract The City of Malang grows annually along with the implementation of its spatial policy. One of the policies that stimulates movement into the city is the development of land for settlements. Limited land and high demands have led to the expansion of settlements towards the urban fringe of Malang City, especially for the south-north region. The purpose of this study was to identify the characteristics of settlements in the north-south regions of Malang City. The variables studied consisted of patterns and types of settlement, land use and land cover, land prices, housing density, and the population. The five aspects of the settlement were studied using the descriptive statistical analysis methods and spatial mapping. The results of descriptive statistical analysis show that there are different characteristics of settlements in the north-south regions of Malang City. The difference can be seen in the four aspects, such as land use and land cover, land prices, housing density, and population. Meanwhile, based on the results of spatial mapping analysis, the different characteristics occurs due to the availability of road access and proximity to city-regional-scale facilities.
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Djatmiko, Ari, Apriadi Budi Raharja, and Muhammad Luthfi Fadillah. "Analysis of The Suitability of Residential Land Around The Balongan Industrial Designation Area." Jurnal Koridor 14, no. 2 (December 29, 2023): 80–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/koridor.v14i2.13413.
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In the analysis of the suitability of residential land locations around the Balongan industrial area, some provisions must be taken into account, one of which is land suitability, where with land suitability analysis, it is possible to determine the level of suitability of residential land that is suitable for use as a residence. To determine the limited level of land suitability by using variables determining land suitability, which includes slope, rainfall, soil texture, and land use. The analysis consisted of 3 (three) stages. The first stage used nearest-neighbor analysis to explain settlement distribution patterns. In the second stage, an analysis of the suitability of residential land was carried out using overlapping techniques related to physical environmental data based on selected variables for residential areas. The third stage is preparing recommendations for residential development locations around the Balongan industrial area with an overlay analysis based on parameters, namely parameters for protected rice fields (LSD), sustainable food agricultural land (LP2B), and the spatial pattern plan for Indramayu Regency for 2011-2031. Based on the analysis, it was concluded that there are three types of settlements around KPI Balongan. The ideal location for residential land to be developed based on land suitability analysis and spatial pattern planning is in Juntikebon Village, Sudimampir Village, with a settlement pattern that can be developed into medium and large types.
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Aslinda, Nindy, and Syartinilia. "KAJIAN PERUBAHAN LAHAN MENJADI PERMUKIMAN DAN KARAKTERISTIKNYA DI DAERAH ALIRAN SUNGAI (DAS) CILIWUNG BAGIAN HILIR." Jurnal Lanskap Indonesia 8, no. 1 (May 31, 2017): 38–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jli.v8i1.16610.
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Ciliwung Watershed is one of watershed that across the Jakarta capital region. Ciliwung Watershed is categorized as super-priority watershed in Indonesia. The study was conducted in downstream of Ciliwung Watershed in Jakarta. This study aimed to analyze land cover changes from greenery open space to build up area in period of 1993-2013 and to analyze the distribution of settlement and its characteristics in the downstream of Ciliwung Watershed. LANDSAT images data of 1993 and 2013 were classified using supervised classification method to produce land cover map. The results of the map are analyzed spatially and descriptively to determine the changes. The greenery open space have changed into built up area about 70.07% during 20 years in the downstream of Ciliwung watershed. While, the settlement is dominated by the unplanned settlement (87.23%). Meanwhile, the settlements were dominated by unplanned settlements (87.23%) which characterized by linier settlement patterns, very lage size of settlement, low to medium building density, and good condition of insfrastructure. Five recommendations have provided for landscape managing of settlement in downstream of Ciliwung Watershed.
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ADELEKE, B. O., and O. O. I. ORIMOOGUNJE. "GIS – SUPPORTED ASSESSMENT OF LAND USE DYNAMICS OF ABEOKUTA METROPOLIS FROM 1960 T0 2005." Journal of Agricultural Science and Environment 16, no. 2 (November 22, 2017): 88–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.51406/jagse.v16i2.1711.
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The study identified and analyzed land use patterns between 1960 and 2005, and examined the forces underlying land use change and projects the future pattern of land use change in the study area. Both primary and secondary data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics and geospatial techniques of GIS and Remote Sensing. The results showed that settlement land use which was 1253.12 hectares (3%) in 1972 increased by six fold to 7684.27 hectares (16%) in 1984 and by tenfold to 12842.11 hectares (27%) of the total land area in 2005. Farmlands reduced from 8751.21 hectares (19%) in 1972 to 7144.32 hectares (15%) in 1984 to 3824.80 (8%) in 2005. The result equally showed that between 1972 and 1984 the population grew by 75.16% while settlements increased by 513.21%. Also between 1972 and 2005 the population grew by 206.70 % and settlements increased by 924.81 %. The result of the predictive model developed for this study showed that settlement, bare surface, shrub and water body will increase by 60.30%, 57.68%, 53.79% and 8.03% respectively while non-forested, farmlands, forested wetlands and light forest will decrease by 9.5%, 28.55%, 12.35% and 26.76% respectively. There were continuous changes among the various land use classes identified.
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Amri, E., M. Selintung, M. Manaf, and M. A. Nasution. "The Dynamics of Densification of Dualistic Settlements in the Sub-Urban Area of Makassar City, Indonesia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 830, no. 1 (September 1, 2021): 012081. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/830/1/012081.
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Abstract The development of the densification pattern of suburban settlements is an increasingly interesting subject since it relates to urban development policies and the concept of a planning approach. The purpose of this study was to analyze; characteristics of spatial physical transformation, transformation to densification, and densification as process. The research method used was the qualitative descriptive method. The data were obtained by direct and indirect observation. The results showed the growth of planned and organic settlement densification patterns through the formation and development phases. The development phase is a process of the space function change from a residential area to a service and trade function. The development of densification patterns and spatial transformation of the residential area of Bumi Tamalanrea Permai was due to the land plot policy which has implications for the infilling development process. the area development process around the pattern development and transformation phases was influenced by the development of the BTP (central business district) as a growth center. This study recommends considering spatial transformation as a determinant of the growth of settlement densification patterns followed by future management policies for the settlement area of Bumi Tamalanrea Permai and its surrounding areas.
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Amri, E., M. Selintung, M. Manaf, and M. A. Nasution. "The Dynamics of Densification of Dualistic Settlements in the Sub-Urban Area of Makassar City, Indonesia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 830, no. 1 (September 1, 2021): 012081. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/830/1/012081.
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Abstract The development of the densification pattern of suburban settlements is an increasingly interesting subject since it relates to urban development policies and the concept of a planning approach. The purpose of this study was to analyze; characteristics of spatial physical transformation, transformation to densification, and densification as process. The research method used was the qualitative descriptive method. The data were obtained by direct and indirect observation. The results showed the growth of planned and organic settlement densification patterns through the formation and development phases. The development phase is a process of the space function change from a residential area to a service and trade function. The development of densification patterns and spatial transformation of the residential area of Bumi Tamalanrea Permai was due to the land plot policy which has implications for the infilling development process. the area development process around the pattern development and transformation phases was influenced by the development of the BTP (central business district) as a growth center. This study recommends considering spatial transformation as a determinant of the growth of settlement densification patterns followed by future management policies for the settlement area of Bumi Tamalanrea Permai and its surrounding areas.
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Najib, M., A. Mulyati, and A. M. Y. Astha. "Patterns of utilization of residential spaces affected by the tsunami in donggala regency." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1075, no. 1 (November 1, 2022): 012046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1075/1/012046.
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Abstract Settlements are an artificial environment that is formed and is strongly influenced by the local socio-cultural and climate. To remain in the unit of the residential setting, the settler will make adjustments based on his needs in a settlement system. This research aims to develop a pattern of living space for people affected by the tsunami in a settlement system. The study used a qualitative phenomenological approach to examine the settlements and environment in Wani II Village directly affected by the earthquake and tsunami. The unit of analysis includes housing, community activities, and community behavior in land use. The research design looks at the overall location description, sees the relationship between systems, gives meaning to social settings, analyzes data in the field through interpersonal relationships, and combines respondent information. The inductive method is used to continuously analyze the study cases as a purposively selected objective sample. The residential environment unit in Wani II Village, Tanantovea District, Donggala Regency, forms a clustered (concentrated) pattern, oriented to the environmental center, public facilities, social facilities, and existing ecological facilities and infrastructure. The settlement pattern formed is influenced by; a) the existence of worship facilities (old mosque); port facilities (pier); and c) the existing design of environmental roads. The land-use patterns are influenced by; 1) social resilience and cohesion built through social sense; 2) mutual trust between settlers; and 3) respect for existing culture and values. Several residential units that functioned as places of business were repaired and rebuilt on the existing site. The informal sector business spaces utilize the remaining areas that are still permitted for development. Residual land formed between buildings and between buildings and environmental roads and land for housing sites that have collapsed due to the earthquake and tsunami is the most dominant living space used for various activities that can support the lives of settlers with or without government assistance. Research conclusions are ‘local theories’ or ‘substantive theories,’ which apply specifically to the research area and are provisional.
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Lautetu, Lisa Meidiyanti, Hayati Sari Hasibuan, and Rudy Parluhutan Tambunan. "Land management on small islands based on settlement distribution patterns: studies on Sulabesi Island, Indonesia." Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management 9, no. 4 (July 1, 2022): 3653. http://dx.doi.org/10.15243/jdmlm.2022.094.3653.
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With limited land availability, the land use and management on the small island must be sustainable. Sulabesi Island, with an area of <2000 km<sup>2</sup>, makes it one of the small islands in North Maluku and a remote island. This condition makes Sulabesi vulnerable to land loss and faced with adverse threats both environmentally and socio-economically if the allocation of residential places does not manage appropriately. The study aimed to identify the distribution of coastal settlement land with the characteristics of the island landscape, including analyzing its suitability to coastal boundaries and recommending directions for the development of coastal settlements on Sulabesi island. The method of this study used the geographic information system (GIS) to provide a spatial picture with overlaying and buffering techniques. The data analysis used topography, slope, distribution of settlements, and coastlines with collected data sources from government agencies and remote sensing, including field observations. The analysis results showed that the settlements scattered Sulabesi island randomly and separately with linear patterns, clustering, and combinations. The distribution in the island landscape was with a dominant height at 0-200 m and a slope of 0-30% or is a flat-steep plain. Besides that also shows a mismatch of utilization between the residence and the coastal border area, so land use for future settlements can do on the more proportional ground, especially outside the coastal buffer area. The results of this study's analysis can be used for further direction in regional planning and land management on small islands.
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Sarıaltun, Savaş. "Identifying settlement strategy and land-use continuity of the prehistoric Şorsu Tepe in Nakhichevan, Azerbaijan." Journal of Historical Archaeology & Anthropological Sciences 8, no. 3 (September 12, 2023): 124–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/jhaas.2023.08.00283.
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This study discusses archaeological research on the Late Chalcolithic to Early Bronze Age cultures in the South Caucasus hilly flank belts, focusing on these societies' mobility and settlement strategies. The material record and site selection reflect changes in social structures. Pastoralism has played a significant role in Nakhichevan's history, but detailed records about pastoral activities, mobility patterns, and the evolution of pastoral strategies still need to be included. This study focused on Şorsu Tepe, an archaeological site in the Nakhichevan River Basin. We conducted stratigraphic excavations and sedimentological inquiries to understand the community's settlement tactics and adaptation strategies. The settlement's architectural evidence provides insights into past communities' daily practices, social structures, and organizational patterns. The geographical background of the study area, Nakhichevan, is described, emphasizing its strategic location connecting different regions. The excavation at Şorsu Tepe revealed three stratigraphic levels with distinctive phases, reflecting changing settlement strategies. This research has proposed terms like "Temporary Campsite," "Seasonal/Temporary Campsite," and "Long-term Stay/Seasonal Campsite" to describe the settlement stages. This study highlights the challenges in identifying the distinctions between nomadic and sedentary lifestyles, suggesting that the settlement at Şorsu Tepe could have served as a temporary campsite or summer pasture. In conclusion, this study underscores the significance of mobility and settlement strategies in shaping the cultures of the South Caucasus region during the Late Chalcolithic to Early Bronze Age.
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Yao, Xiaowei, and Di Wu. "Spatiotemporal Changes and Influencing Factors of Rural Settlements in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River Region, 1990–2020." Land 12, no. 9 (September 7, 2023): 1741. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12091741.
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China has experienced rapid urbanization, causing dramatic changes to the patterns of urban and rural land use relationships. This paper analyzes the spatiotemporal characteristics of rural settlements in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River region (MRYRR) using remote sensing monitoring data from 1990 to 2020 and reveals the influencing factors of spatiotemporal changes. The research found that (1) the overall increase in the quantity of rural settlements in the MRYRR between 1990 and 2020 was 504.70 km2. The area of transfer of other land use types to rural settlement was 1382.57 km2, of which 78.55% came from arable land and 16.62% came from forests; the area of rural settlement transfer to other land use types was 867.24 km2, of which 66.27% was reclaimed as arable land and 8.48% was transferred into urban built-ups. Changes in different stages and regions are diversified. (2) The spatial layout of rural settlements showed no significant differences in the MRYRR between 1990 and 2020, with a cluster distribution of “five main nuclei and many secondary nuclei” and a spatial distribution of “gathering in the north and east, while scattered in the south and west”. (3) The level of fragmentation of rural settlements in the MRYRR has greatly decreased since 1990, with the average patch size expanding significantly. The patch complexity of rural settlements fluctuated moderately, but the connectivity between patches continued to increase, and their distribution became more clustered. (4) Social and economic factors, including rural electricity consumption, the output value of the primary industry, net income per rural resident, urbanization rate, and the effective irrigated area, most strongly impacted the changes in rural settlements in the MRYRR. The research can be utilized as a guide for reconstructing the pattern of rural land use to promote sustainable rural revitalization.
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Xu, Hui, Qin Guo, Chaoketu Siqin, Yingjie Li, and Fei Gao. "Study of Settlement Patterns in Farming–Pastoral Zones in Eastern Inner Mongolia Using Planar Quantization and Cluster Analysis." Sustainability 15, no. 20 (October 20, 2023): 15077. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su152015077.
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Settlements are comprehensive carriers of the material form expression and social appearance of human activities under specific geographical environmental choices. The analysis and preservation of their forms are important principles and strategies for rural settlement planning and construction. In this study, 28 settlements in the farming–pastoral zones in eastern Inner Mongolia were selected as the research objects. By combining fractal geometry and computer programming, the relationship between the boundary form, spatial structure, and architectural order of the settlements was quantitatively expressed, and quantitative indicators that better summarize the form of the settlements in the farming–pastoral zones in eastern Inner Mongolia were extracted. Then, factor analysis and cluster analysis were conducted using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software (SPSS26.0) to obtain the characteristic types of settlement forms. Finally, the classification results were combined with social and humanistic factors and the geographical environment to test the rationality of the results. The results show that (1) five form indicators effectively describe the settlement forms in the research area, among which the shape index, dimension of the public space, and architectural density play a crucial role in the spatial structure factors. (2) In this study, we mainly used a data collection and processing–principal component extraction and systematic clustering-type division method to complete scientific research on settlement form classification. (3) By combining the clustering results with the spatial form features and analysis mainly based on spatial structure factors, the settlement forms in the farming–pastoral zones in eastern Inner Mongolia are described as three typical types: multidirectional expanding settlement, settlement patterns extending at both ends, and centripetal development settlement. Furthermore, the characteristics of the human–land relationship implicit in each type of settlement form are explained, achieving a scientific representation and classification of the settlement forms. The research results provide useful quantitative guidance for rural revitalization, settlement form optimization, and preservation in the farming–pastoral zones in eastern Inner Mongolia
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CARVALHO, JOAQUIM, RUI L. LOPES, and JOÃO TOJO. "MODELING SETTLEMENT PATTERNS IN REAL TERRITORIES." Advances in Complex Systems 14, no. 04 (August 2011): 549–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021952591100313x.
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This paper, describes an agent based model of the spreading of a population over a territory. The models aims at reproducing a distribution of settlements with statistical and spatial characteristics similar to a historically produced pattern. The model operates on a representation of a real territory, taking into account hydrography and relief. The two main goals are to obtain a rank size distribution of the size of settlements which corresponds to a power law (also known as the Zipf Law of settlements) and to place the settlements in the territory in patterns that are close to the real ones, in zones where settlements were the result of a long historical process. The goal of the project was to demonstrate that a set of relatively simple rules could produce a complex pattern, similar to the result of a long and complex historical process. Therefore, it is an assumed reductionist approach. Our conclusions show that a simple territorial logic, taking into account the quality of land, accessibility, population growth and migration preferences could reproduce Zipf distributions and interesting patterns of agent flow among the settlements created. However, achieving spatial patterns closer to the historical record needs an extra dimension involving field of sight. The best results were achieved by creating an artifical population which chooses to create settlements in places where a wide field of view exists of quality territory.
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Caviglia-Harris, Jill, and Daniel Harris. "The Impact of Settlement Design on Tropical Deforestation Rates and Resulting Land Cover Patterns." Agricultural and Resource Economics Review 40, no. 3 (December 2011): 451–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1068280500002896.
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Policymakers in the Brazilian Amazon face the challenge of meeting environmental and developmental goals as cities and towns within these tropical forests continue to face migration pressure. Alternative government planning strategies have been implemented to address forest clearing in conjunction with meeting social agendas. This paper uses panel estimation methods to investigate the impact of settlement design on land use. Results indicate that new settlement designs developed to further social interaction have had a negative impact on land cover and land use transformation. Thus, while new settlement designs appear to positively impact stated social goals, including greater contact between families and access to water and services, these social advances have come at the expense of environmental goals.
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Anilaputri, Juleta Nadea, and Syam Rachma Marcillia. "URBAN LEFT-OVER SPACE: CHARACTERISTIC IDENTIFICATION OF THE IN-BETWEEN SPACES IN RIVERSIDE SETTLEMENT (CASE STUDY: MARTAPURA RIVERSIDE SETTLEMENT AT SASIRANGAN VILLAGE)." Built Environment Studies 4, no. 1 (May 31, 2023): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/best.v4i1.5920.
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The identity of "Thousand Rivers' City" makes the river have the meaning of identity and life orientation. River-oriented life inflicted an adaptive behavior called budaya sungai. However, the globalization process has caused a shift from river-oriented to land-oriented and creates heterogeneity in riverside settlements. Creating variations of typology such as atas sungai, bantaran sungai, and tepian sungai. The emergence of these typologies indirectly creates urban leftover space as a transition called the in-between space. This research aims to identify the characteristic of the in-between spaces in riverside settlements so that the space does not become negative and can be utilized to meet the living needs of people who live in riverside settlements. The research used explanatory sequential design methods, based on the quantitative phase, a figure-ground analysis identified curvilinear as the typological patterns and homogenous as textural patterns of the riverside settlement. The map shows a high-density level of solids with no central open system void. Based on the qualitative phase, all in-between spaces have linear patterns and are mostly made of wood materials. 76.47% of enclosures are open but in contrast to land use which is mostly private. 2 out of 17 in-between spaces could not be characterized.
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Fitriyani, Wahyu Ika Nur, Arfani Priyambodo, Joseph Edward Timothy Siahaan, and Misbahul Hayat Fathul Husni. "Transformasi Wilayah Kota Mandiri pada Kawasan Permukiman (Studi Kasus : Perkampungan Karawaci, Kabupaten Tangerang, Provinsi Banten)." Jurnal Pembangunan Wilayah dan Kota 17, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 341–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/pwk.v17i3.37948.
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The increasing population that occurs in the metropolis of Indonesia often causes problems with the structure of urban space utilization. It’s triggered by the phenomenon of urban sprawl that occurs in the outskirts of Jakarta, especially Tangerang, causing a transformation of the landscape. The existence of Lippo Karawaci which is supported by road accessibility and supporting facilities and infrastructures encourages the growth of a new city center titled independent city. The development of independent cities has the potential to change the structure of urban spaces that cause changes in the pattern of development of residential areas, especially in rural areas. This research emphasizes the condition of distance in the residential areas in Karawaci, namely Kampung Bencongan, Binong Village, Dadap Village, and Kampung Kelapa Dua as icons of traditional settlements associated with the city center. The purpose of this research is to know the transformation of land use and analyze spatial patterns of independent urban settlements in Karawaci Village. In conducting the analysis, the method used is descriptive spatial analysis with NNA (Nearest Neighbor Analysis) method to produce the pattern of settlements formed and land use transformation in residential areas through ArcMap 10.8 software. The required data was obtained through participatory mapping using the Google Earth platform for the 2003-2020 recording year as well as field observations by comparing the conditions of village distance to independent cities. The results showed an increase in settlement area of 11.4% (2.51 ha) in Binong Village, 14.2% (2.08 ha) in Dadap Village, 15.7% (4.84 ha) in Kampung Kelapa Dua, and 9.7% (3.67 ha) in Kampung Bencongan from 2003 to 2020. Spatial patterns formed in residential areas in Karawaci Village show that the closer the residential area with an independent city center will form a cluster settlement pattern. Meanwhile, the further the residential area from the city center independently will form a pattern of random settlements. So, it can be concluded that the transformation of the city space structure with the development of independent cities increases the area of settlements and forms different patterns of settlements to the city center.
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Cui, Jichang, Yanbo Qu, Yan Li, Lingyun Zhan, Guancheng Guo, and Xiaozhen Dong. "Reconstruction of Rural Settlement Patterns in China: The Role of Land Consolidation." Land 11, no. 10 (October 18, 2022): 1823. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11101823.
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Taking the supplement of the quantity and quality of cultivated land in rural settlements as the departure point, this paper discusses the spatial and temporal integration reconstruction method of rural settlements. The disorderly expansion of residential areas in Pinggu District, Beijing, China has led to the erosion of high-quality cultivated land in the region and the advantages of mountain resources have not been fully utilized in this area. Therefore, Pinggu District was selected as the research area. Using the spatial analysis function in GIS, this paper uses the comprehensive correction method of the per capita construction land standard and the neighborhood substitution method to analyze the quantitative potential of rural settlements to supplement cultivated land and the qualitative grade of cultivated land after arrangement. A combination of exclusion matrices are employed to identify the spatial and temporal arrangements of rural settlements. The research shows that the effective cultivated land area of rural settlements in Pinggu District is 514.24 ha, and the coefficient of increasing cultivated land is 9.25%. Rural residential areas in the district are divided into priority sorting area, key sorting area, moderate sorting area, and restricted sorting area; they account for 18.13%, 21.10%, 20.85%, and 39.93% of the total area, respectively. According to the regional characteristics and dominant factor of the different consolidation areas, corresponding consolidation goals, models, and engineering measures are proposed to enrich the theory and approach to village planning and to provide a reference for practitioners engaged in regional rural land consolidation. The innovation of this study is putting forward the consolidation objectives, models and engineering measures based on the regional characteristics and leading factors of different land consolidation areas. This study has reference significance for the formulation and implementation of regional rural settlements consolidation planning and the policy of increasing and decreasing urban and rural construction land.
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Obaid, Altayeb, Elhadi Adam, and K. Adem Ali. "Land Use and Land Cover Change in the Vaal Dam Catchment, South Africa: A Study Based on Remote Sensing and Time Series Analysis." Geomatics 3, no. 1 (February 16, 2023): 205–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geomatics3010011.
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Understanding long-term land use/land cover (LULC) change patterns is vital to implementing policies for effective environmental management practices and sustainable land use. This study assessed patterns of change in LULC in the Vaal Dam Catchment area, one of the most critically important areas in South Africa, since it contributes a vast portion of water to the Vaal Dam Reservoir. The reservoir has been used to supply water to about 13 million inhabitants in Gauteng province and its surrounding areas. Multi-temporal Landsat imagery series were used to map LULC changes between 1986 and 2021. The LULC classification was performed by applying the random forest (RF) algorithm to the Landsat data. The change-detection analysis showed grassland being the dominant land cover type (ranging from 52% to 57% of the study area) during the entire period. The second most dominant land cover type was agricultural land, which included cleared fields, while cultivated land covered around 41% of the study area. Other land use types covering small portions of the study area included settlements, mining activities, water bodies and woody vegetation. Time series analysis showed patterns of increasing and decreasing changes for all land cover types, except in the settlement class, which showed continuous increase owing to population growth. From the study results, the settlement class increased considerably for 1986–1993, 1993–2000, 2000–2007, 2007–2014 and 2014–2021 by 712.64 ha (0.02%), 10245.94 ha (0.26%), 3736.62 ha (0.1%), 1872.09 ha (0.05%) and 3801.06 ha (0.1%), respectively. This study highlights the importance of using remote sensing techniques in detecting LULC changes in this vitally important catchment.
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Theissen, Tim, Annette Otte, and Rainer Waldhardt. "Land-Use Change Related to Topography and Societal Drivers in High-Mountains – A Case Study in the Upper Watershed of the Tergi (Kazbegi Region), Greater Caucasus." European Countryside 11, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 317–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/euco-2019-0020.
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Abstract High mountain ecosystems, with strong topographic and climatic gradients, are fragile and particularly sensitive to changes in land use. The abandonment of historic cultural landscapes has often led to changes in the pattern of land cover and thus, to a shift in the functions of high mountain landscapes, like fresh water supply, productivity or erosion control. In order to understand the effects of land-use change on the land-cover pattern at the local and regional scale, we analyzed and classified the mountainous landscape structure in the Kazbegi region in Georgia, located in the Central Greater Caucasus. For 13 settlements, we determined the land cover as present in 1987 and 2015, and quantified the changes over time to detect land-cover development trends for each settlement. Using a cluster analysis, the study area was analyzed regarding to topography (altitude, aspect, slope) and distance to settlements at the regional scale to gain six groups with separating conditions. Furthermore, each settlement was classified according to topography and land-cover change to obtain site-specific, comparative development trends. Our results show that this Caucasian high-mountain landscape is characterized by open grassland (67%) used as pasture and hay meadow, and natural birch forests (7%) in patches in the upper half of the subalpine belt. Within the settlements but also in their surroundings, field vegetables are cultivated in home gardens (1%). Land-cover change during the observation period mainly affected the cultural grassland with hay meadow abandonment. Moreover, shrubbery and forest expanded considerably on abandoned pastures. We further detected a strong relationship to topography that considerably varied between settlements resulting in specific trends in land-use change. Hay-making and arable land cultivation are focused today on sun-exposed and gentle slopes near the settlements. Shrub encroachment and reforestations were localized on farther distances and mostly on north-exposed slopes. Besides providing basic information about the historic and current land-use and land-cover patterns, our results quantify the landscape change during almost 30 years. A spatio-temporal analysis revealed an understanding of how land-use decisions influence the landscape pattern. In the context of societal development, regional socioeconomic processes, like shifts in the agricultural structure and population outmigration, seem to be societal drivers of changes. Our findings reveal linkages and interrelationships between natural, human-induced environmental and socioeconomic processes within high-mountain socio-ecological systems. Moreover, we suggest that sustainable land-use strategies for spatial development on sub-regional level, especially in marginal high-mountain regions, should consider topography and its influence on land-use change.
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Haryono, Yuswan. "Pengaruh Eksistensi Bandara International Lombok Terhadap Perkembangan Permukiman di PKW Perkotaan Praya." JURNAL PEMBANGUNAN WILAYAH & KOTA 11, no. 4 (December 29, 2016): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/pwk.v12i2.12894.
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Inequality development causes delays for Praya development. MP3EI, changed conditions of Urban Praya through the construction of Lombok International Airport (BIL) that is represented as Regional Activity Center. The development began to grow including the settlements sector. The purpose of this study is to assess the effect of the presence of BIL on the development of settlements in Praya urban with quantitative descriptive method; through the identification residential development from the aspects existence of BIL, pattern and shape of its range, physical and non-physical variables that affect and changes pattern and Structures space. The results showed, the development of urban settlements do not occurs due to the direct presence of BIL but influenced by the roads and utility networks. Praya urban image map in 2006 and 2012 showing the development of settlement that is shaped "Radial Continuous" and other territories form Praya urban scattered "Linear" following the road and utility grid, whereas the other territories near BIL does not show a significant development. According to the Patterns of change and Structure Space, the land price changes. The suburban area of Praya that is experiencing the development of road, the land prices have increased despite relatively less productive land.
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Wicaksono, Bambang, Ari Siswanto, Widya Fransiska Febriati Anwar, and Susilo Kusdiwanggo. "Growth Morphology of Settlement on the Riverside Musi in Palembang." International Journal of Design & Nature and Ecodynamics 17, no. 6 (December 31, 2022): 883–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijdne.170608.
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The growth of settlements on the banks of the Musi River, Palembang as a center of trade and government cannot be separated from the existence of rivers and their flows which then change the morphology of the riverbanks. The morphological development of the city formed as a result of riverbank reclamation is strongly influenced by endogenous and exogenous forces. Physical development by the community that is not in harmony with the river causes environmental problems that affect the quality of the residential environment. The research method uses a qualitative case study approach to explore information on the reality of the field in the research area. Each segment is analyzed for settlement growth which is formulated into four categories and then produces a theme. Overall, the morphology of the settlement growth of the Musi Riverside is in two patterns, namely with urban growth where the riverside settlement area has a cluster and linear pattern that has an impact on the economic growth of the settlement and is not in harmony with the morphology of the riverbank with all its mixing activities. Furthermore, linear growth, where the growth of suburban settlements is only concentrated in areas that provide road access, and riverside land is still a water catchment area.
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Bakhtereva, Anna A. "Terminology of Land Ownership and Types of Settlements in the Oikonymy of Belozerye." Izvestia of the Ural federal university. Series 2. Humanities and Arts 25, no. 4 (2023): 283–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/izv2.2023.25.4.074.
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This article discusses the names of settlements in Belozerye, including designations of settlement types (выселок, городок, двор, мыза, погост, починок, слобода, усадьба, хутор), several terms with the suffix -ище (дворище, городище, погостище, селище, усадище, etc.), denoting places of former settlements, and some definitions characterising the ownership status of lands (казённый, монастырский, барский, боярский, княжий). In addition, the author examines the issue of the use of terms under consideration naming the types of settlements as a designation of the type of object in the official lists of settlements and in the speech of residents. The study refers to data from the lists of settlements of Olonets (1905) and Novgorod (1911–1912) provinces, and for the later period, to data from field collections of the Toponymic Expedition of the Ural University of the 1960s–2010s. The difference in the toponymic use of certain terms of land ownership is mainly explained by the peculiarities of the settlement of the territory and the existing types of land ownership (this is especially typical of the characterising names: казенный, монастырский, княжий, etc.). The designations of settlement types turn out to be less dependent on the established land tenure practices and more susceptible to subsequent administrative regulation, although certain historical patterns can be traced here: the terms городок and городище mark the sites of archaeologically confirmed and documented medieval fortified settlements; the Novgorod toponymic models Большой Двор and Великий Двор make it possible to clarify the zone of Novgorod development of the territory and delimit it from the more eastern Rostov-Suzdal. The term погост is most widely represented on the territory of the former Novgorod pyatinas which inherited the Old Russian system of pogosts; the appearance of the term хутор in Belozerye is clearly connected with the Stolypin reform, although it was known in other Great Russian territories before that time.
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Paddiyatu, Nurhikmah, and Wisnu Pradoto. "Pengaruh Karakteristik Sosial - Ekonomi Masyarakat Terhadap Pola Permukiman di Bantaran / Tepian Sungai Kahayan Kota Palangkaraya." JURNAL PEMBANGUNAN WILAYAH & KOTA 11, no. 3 (September 15, 2015): 340. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/pwk.v11i3.17584.
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Based on RDTR of Palangkarya City in 2009, Kahayan riverside area is included in the green belt /conservation zone. But the facts, there are utilizations of water bodies as residential land, besides; housing problems are growing organically throughout the location of the study area. Based on these points,the purpose of this study is to analyze characteristics of the society based on socio-economic factors that people take into consideration to live there and to know its influence on the pattern of spread of Kahayan riverside settlements in Palangkaraya. The approach used in this research is quantitative descriptive and thematic approach. Coverage of discussion / substance in this study is about the socio-economic characteristics of the community as well as the physical characteristics of Kahayan riverside neighborhoods, and the factors that are considered by society to live, as well as its influence on the spread pattern of Kahayan riverside settlement area. As for the results, the overall socio-economic characteristics and environmental influence the characteristics of the settlement pattern in Kahayan riverside area significantly (over 80%). Where the results of the crosstab analysis, variables that have been identified in the economic characteristics such as (livelihood, income level) influence by 82%. While the specific characteristics of social (ethnic) by 76% and physical-environmental characteristics (topography) 88%. It is proved that the socio-economic aspects indirectly affect the patterns of people’s settlement. Socio-economic conditions of the riverside area community in the study area indicates that the livelihoods that "near by home" became the reason in preferenced settlement with a dominant percentage, equal to 32.5%. In the aspect of physical condition, the highest percentage of 47.26% with 813 dwellings located on a slope of 0-8% which is lower classification. NNA results obtained dispersed pattern or evenly spread with an index value ratio> 2.58 is equal to 34.3. All the results of analysis are formulated in the zoning plan formulation with resettlement concept and settlement patterns, where the development of settlement patterns are in accordance with socio-economic characteristics in the study area is a grid across the Langkai and Pahandut Seberang villages and pattern combination in the Pahandut village.
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Cross, John A. "Landownership within Amish Settlements in Wisconsin: An Exploratory Study." Journal of Plain Anabaptist Communities 3, no. 1 (November 29, 2022): 13–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.18061/jpac.v3i1.9084.
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This study examines patterns of landownership within 18 Amish settlements in Wisconsin, including nine of the state’s ten largest settlements, plus nine smaller settlements. Landownership was plotted for 2,048 Amish households, who collectively owned over 115,000 acres. These households were drawn from 105 church districts, representing 58.7 percent of the state’s total. The study utilized three types of data: the recent Amish directory for Wisconsin, plat atlases showing landownership for selected counties, and detailed satellite imagery provided by Google Maps. Average acreage per household ranged from 27.7 to 86.6 acres among the settlements. Differences in acreage owned per household appear related to occupations. Average acreage of Amish-owned land per survey section ranged from 41.6 to 201.2 acres. The maximum acreage of Amish-owned land in each settlement’s survey sections ranged from 120 to 639 acres. Amish landholdings exceeded 160 acres in 30.3 percent of the sections having Amish lands, with the settlements’ proportions ranging from 0 to 55.2 percent. Interspersal of Amish lands among lands owned by non-Amish people is the norm, but differences in the density of Amish holdings, displayed by owned maximum acreage per section and average landholdings per section, are related to founding date and settlement size. Settlements established before the mid-1980s display greater clustering of Amish landownership. Newer settlements display many noncontiguous sections with Amish-owned lands not adjacent on their sides or corners to other sections having Amish lands. This pattern is particularly conspicuous within the Platteville-Darlington and Fennimore settlements.
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Nugrahatama, Davin, Andi Gunawan, and Prita Indah Pratiwi. "Pola Lanskap Permukiman Tradisional Masyarakat Adat Kampung Tegaldeeng, Desa Medalsari, Kabupaten Karawang." Jurnal Lanskap Indonesia 16, no. 1 (April 1, 2024): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jli.v16i1.43947.
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Tegaldeeng is one of the kampongs in the village of Medalsari, Karawang Regency, which has been influenced by the regency developments, so that it has an impact on the culture and the landscape. The landscape of Tegaldeeng kampong has very high potential in terms of natural and cultural resources. Efforts to prevent the degradation of the culture and the potential of the traditional landscape need to be studied in the kampong landscape pattern. This study aims to identify and analyze the character of the landscape and the elements that make up the settlement landscape, and to compose the landscape pattern of Tegaldeeng kampong based on local culture. This research was conducted using descriptive method through literature study, interview, and field observation. The settlement character of Tegaldeeng kampong landscape is relatively flat in the settlement area, and slightly undulating outside the area. The dominant land cover is rice fields and mixed gardens. The character is formed by supporting elements in the form of natural and artificial elements. Natural elements function more as a 'borrowing landscape' for the settlement landscape, except for the river that crosses the western village border. The man-made elements include rice fields, mixed gardens, settlements, and main road. The landscape of Tegaldeeng kampong settlement forms a cluster patterns, and able to accommodates all cultural activities of the local community.
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Zhou, Haitao, Cuizhen Wang, Yanru Bai, Xiaoli Ning, and Shuying Zang. "Spatial and temporal distribution of rural settlements and influencing mechanisms in Inner Mongolia, China." PLOS ONE 17, no. 11 (November 11, 2022): e0277558. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0277558.
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Revealing the patterns and influencing mechanisms of spatial and temporal distribution of rural settlements is crucial for rural revitalization and sustainable development. However, our limited understanding of the rural settlements in China’s ethnic minority border areas has hindered the process of their agricultural and rural modernization. Based on data on rural settlements in Inner Mongolia, China in four periods between 1990 and 2020, this study reveals its spatial and temporal distribution characteristics and describes the dynamic transformation process of settlement. Using a geographical detector approach, 17 factors are explored to identify the influencing mechanisms of each factor on the distribution of rural settlements in different regions. The results show obvious regional differences in the spatial distribution of rural settlements in Inner Mongolia, with the largest kernel density values in the west (Hetao irrigation area) and higher kernel densities in the central (Hohhot) and the east (Chifeng and Tongliao). While rural population decreases, rural settlements expand into cultivated land, grassland, and unused land resources. Its spatial distribution is significantly influenced by the factors of distance to cultivated land, distance to towns, and population density. The east of the study area is mainly controlled by temperature, while vegetation type and vegetation coverage have a greater impact in the west. The interactions between two influencing factors possess bilinear or nonlinear enhancement relationships. This study enriches the understanding of the rural settlements in ethnic minority border areas, which provide reference for the improvement of rural human settlement environment in Inner Mongolia.
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Gorbenkova, Elena V. "Transformation features in rural settlement system of belarus." Vestnik MGSU, no. 5 (May 2020): 729–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/1997-0935.2020.5.729-745.
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Introduction. The sustainability of the rural settlement is a key land use planning objective in the present-day socio-economic environment. This issue is particularly relevant Belarus as the most urbanized country of the European region. The retrospective analysis is the most effective tool for studying the transformational processes underway in the settlement system. The mission of this article is to study the transformation of the rural settlement pattern in Belarus.
Materials and methods. The research methodology encompasses general scientific methods (a system approach, a retrospective analysis) and special transdisciplinary methods (cartographic modeling backed by GIS tools). Population census data, open-access cartographic sources and land-use planning documents were studied, as well.
Results. Three periods were identified in the history of rural settlement in Belarus: pre-revolutionary (1897–1917), Soviet (1917–1991) and contemporary ones (1991–present). Within these periods, transformational processes were particularly active. A retrospective analysis of the structure and spatial organization of rural settlement processes was performed for each period. Special features of the Belarus rural settlement structure were highlighted. They include polarization, growing population shares and sizes of major rural populated areas, the “drain” of large and medium-sized populated areas, and the degradation of small ones.
Conclusions. The retrospective analysis enabled the author to identify the most significant historical periods in the history of rural settlement. Any settlement transformation was mainly driven by social and political factors. By summarizing the findings, the author identified two patterns of transformation applicable to rural settlement patterns: development and degradation. Three types of spatial reorganization of rural populated areas were formulated: relocation to the city, relocation to rural populated areas, or settlement system centres, and relocation to ordinary rural populated areas. Further research undertakings will focus on conceptualizing the spatial organization model of the rural settlement system.
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Zhang, Hanxuan, Xiangjuan Zhao, Jun Ren, Wenjing Hai, Jing Guo, Chengying Li, and Yapei Gao. "Research on the Slope Gradient Effect and Driving Factors of Construction Land in Urban Agglomerations in the Upper Yellow River: A Case Study of the Lanzhou–Xining Urban Agglomerations." Land 12, no. 4 (March 26, 2023): 745. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12040745.
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Analyses of the scale and structural characteristics of construction land serve as the basis for optimizing the spatial pattern of territorial planning. Existing studies have focused mainly on the horizontal expansion of urban construction land. Therefore, based on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform, in this paper, we use high-precision land-use cover data, DEM data and socioeconomic data to construct the standard dominant comparative advantage index (NRCA) using the geological mapping analysis method and we systematically analyze the horizontal scale, slope spectrum characteristics, gradient effects and driving factors of construction land in the Lanzhou–Xining urban agglomeration (LXUA) from 1990 to 2020 at four scales: the urban agglomeration, provincial area, typical city and county (district) scales. The results of the study show that urban construction land, rural settlement land and other construction land in the LXUA show “linear”, inverted-“U” and “J” growth patterns, respectively. Three types of construction land show different spatial transfer characteristics. The scale and extent of climbing of urban construction land in the LXUA is gradually decreasing over time, and the number of climbing rural settlement lands in 2000–2010 was as high as 34 counties (districts), while the number of counties (districts) with strong climbing degrees of other construction land rose to 12 from 2010 to 2020. The relative hotspots of the slope-climbing phenomenon of the three types of construction land have gradually expanded spatially, with Lanzhou city and Xining city as the center, and the overall spatial characteristics are “more in the east and less in the west”. The population and GDP are the main factors influencing the slope-climbing phenomenon of urban construction land, while rural settlements are influenced mainly by natural conditions, and accessibility is the key factor affecting other construction land.
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Boedi, Oerip Bramantyo. "Pemilihan Lokasi Pusat-Pusat Pemerintahan di Kabupaten Ciamis Pada Abad XVI -XIX." PANALUNGTIK 4, no. 2 (December 17, 2021): 153–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.24164/pnk.v4i2.66.
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Sundanese people have knowledge about settlement patterns called Warugan Lemah (WL). The WL describes the pattern of land and settlements and their good and bad effects. This study aims to discuss the implementation of WL in four government centers in the past in the Ciamis Regency area. The four government centers are Kawasen, Imbangara, Utama, and Bojonglopang. This study is descriptive in nature which begins with data collection through library research, field observations, and interviews. The next is data analysis and interpretation to produce conclusions. Based on the study, it was obtained an overview of the implementation of WL in the four government centers in the past in Ciamis Regency.
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Candramaya, Desy, and Ardhya Nareswari. "Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Penegasan Privasi pada Transformasi Ruang Huntap Dongkelsari." Jurnal Teknologi dan Desain 2, no. 2 (January 31, 2021): 86–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.51170/jtd.v2i2.136.
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Huntap is designed as a house that can be improved from time to time until it becomes permanent settlement in accordance with the wishes of its inhabitants. People who live in huntap initially lived in large houses with large yards with a spread pattern of settlements and at the time of relocation of these communities had to be moved and lived in settlements with limited land area with cluster-shaped settlement patterns. This study aims to determine the factors and elements that influence the privacy affirmation in the space transformation of the Huntap Dongkelsari. Factors affecting privacy affirmation can be divided into territorial, security, and personal factors. Elements of privacy affirmation can be elements that explicitly mark boundaries and privacy (such as boxes, fences, and partition walls in the form of brick or plywood) and elements that implicitly mark boundaries and privacy (such as wooden cabinets, chicken coops, fish ponds, and drilled wells). The use of these elements is influenced by the need for privacy, the need for security, occupant’s experience and habits conducted in the previous house.
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Zhang, Jingyi, Xiaoxiang Tang, Zhao Yu, Suwen Xiong, and Fan Yang. "Water-Town Settlement Landscape Atlas in the East River Delta, China." Land 13, no. 2 (January 27, 2024): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land13020149.
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The water-town settlements in the East River Delta of China engage with the aquatic environment, establishing a comprehensive cultural–ecological system. However, rapid urbanization challenges the structural integrity of water-town settlements. Focusing on the East River Delta as the study area, we utilized the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), settlement morphology indicators, systematic clustering, and graph classification methods. We conducted a quantitative analysis of the spatial characteristics of water-town settlements at various scales, followed by formulating a sequence encoding based on landscape factors and constructing a settlement landscape spatial map. We characterized the landscape spatial structure of water-town settlements formed through the gradual evolution of morphological water network structures, retracing a prototype of water-town settlement landscape spatial structures. Results: ① Water-town settlements exhibit distinct uniformity in the landscape spatial features. The settlement landscapes conform to water network patterns, with streets and alleys aligning with water bodies. Crucial elements, including docks, bridges, and waterside farmland, are integral to this landscape. ② Water-town settlements undergo three progressive differentiation phases based on their location. The spatial distribution of settlements reveals three distinct landscape features influenced by the delta’s dynamic interplay between water and land. ③ Various regions exhibit three typical settlement layouts: upstream settlements are mainly clustered and linear, while midstream and downstream settlements, characterized by linear and strip-like features, align with the river’s course. These research findings offer preliminary insights into landscape spatial prototypes, contributing valuable perspectives to the conservation and design of water-town settlements.
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Fedick, Scott L. "Land Evaluation and Ancient Maya Land Use in the Upper Belize River Area, Belize, Central America." Latin American Antiquity 6, no. 1 (March 1995): 16–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/971598.
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In this study I examine local-scale associations between land resources and the density distribution of Maya residential sites for the prehistoric population maxima of the Late Classic period (ca. A. D. 600-900). Methods involve agricultural land evaluation following USDA guidelines, under assumptions of hand-cultivation technology. I give specific attention to the issue of concordance between the geographic scale of household agricultural production and the scale at which agricultural land evaluation is conducted. The focus is the upper Belize River area of Belize, Central America, where intensive archaeological survey and local-scale land-resource mapping provide the data necessary for a detailed analysis of ancient land-use patterns. The analysis reveals a strong and consistent relationship between prehistoric Maya settlement density and the agricultural productive capability of local soil types. For each land type, I discuss the amount of land available for each residential locus and probable cultivation methods used. I argue that the ability to identify clearly and quantitatively the association (or lack of association) between household settlement pattern and agricultural land capability is a necessary component of regional studies that seek to test models of Maya political economy and social change.
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Kitina Nyamasyo, Stephen, and Bonface Odiara Kihima. "Changing Land Use Patterns and Their Impacts on Wild Ungulates in Kimana Wetland Ecosystem, Kenya." International Journal of Biodiversity 2014 (December 3, 2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/486727.
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In Kenya, wildlife numbers have drastically declined due to land use changes (LUCs) over the past three decades. This has affected wildlife habitats by converting them into farmlands and human settlements. This study used remote sensing data from landsat satellite to analyze the changing land use patterns between 1980 and 2013 and their impacts on wild ungulates in KWE. The objective of the study was to map out LUCs, determine the possible causes of LUCs, and examine the effects of LUCs on wild ungulates. The results showed a noticeable increase in the size of farmland, settlement, and other lands and a decline in forestland, grassland, wetland, and woodland. The main possible causes of LUC were found to be agricultural expansions, human population dynamics, economic factors, changing land tenure policy, politics, and sociocultural factors. The main effects of LUCs on wild ungulates in KWE include a decline in wild ungulate numbers, habitat destruction, increased human-wildlife conflicts, land degradation, and displacement of wild ungulates by livestock. The study recommends land use zoning of KWE and establishment of an effective and efficient wildlife benefit-sharing scheme(s).
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Walden, John P., Julie A. Hoggarth, Claire E. Ebert, Scott L. Fedick, Michael Biggie, Brett Meyer, Kyle Shaw-Müller, et al. "Classic Maya Settlement Systems Reveal Differential Land Use Patterns in the Upper Belize River Valley." Land 12, no. 2 (February 15, 2023): 483. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12020483.
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Land use practices have had important implications for structuring household inequalities and broader political systems in the past. Our contribution examines settlement patterns in relation to political structure, household wealth, ecological productivity and agricultural techniques. Combining settlement pattern data with high–precision soils data, we examine the extent to which different trajectories of polity formation impact the settlement location and land use practices of intermediate elites and commoners. The Classic Maya (CE 250/300–900) polities of Baking Pot and Lower Dover in the Upper Belize River Valley serve as enlightening case studies because despite being situated near one another, the two centers emerged along very different trajectories. Whereas the polity of Baking Pot arose slowly, in tandem with surrounding demography, the neighboring polity of Lower Dover arose rapidly in the Late Classic period (CE 600–900) in an area which was already home to established local populations. Our analysis shows that while Baking Pot had substantial settlement clustering around its epicenter, populations at Lower Dover aggregated around secondary and tertiary centers farther away from the polity core. Analyses also demonstrate that most commoner and intermediate elite residences were situated on the most productive agricultural lands in the region, though some intermediate elite households were situated on hilltops or in border zones with marginal soil productivity for political and tactical reasons. Commoner households were situated on a range of productivity zones reflecting diverse land–use practices which had implications for household wealth. Our case study illustrates the importance of integrating land use practices into our reconstructions of ancient political hierarchies, especially in terms of understanding political strategies and household wealth.
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Denpaiboon, Chaweewan, and Mamoru Tohiguchi. "Transformation of the Canal-Side Settlements in Greater Bangkok." Journal of Architectural/Planning Research and Studies (JARS) 2 (September 30, 2004): 239–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.56261/jars.v2.169013.
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This paper presents a case study of canal-side settlements [1] in greater Bangkok, which focused on canalside settlements transformed by modernization over a period of time. Three different sets of data, from every twenty years in the years 1952, 1974 and 1998 compiled through the aerial photographic interpretation technique were examined, and a survey research and field survey were undertaken, which were based on the investigation of different houses and different locations of settlements that have affected the inhabitant’s altitude towards environmental concerns. The paper examined two levels in the study for the purpose of (1) the analysis of settlement structure (fabric pattern of settlement) (2) the analysis of change in building types from old types to new types. The findings found that changes in building construction types, which occurred as dwelling, were built in modern style and materials. First, the settlement structure has varied by sites which are related to factors such as space, canals, roads, land sub-divisions, and site patterns in different locations in greater Bangkok. Second, changes in building construction type occurred and dwellings were built in modern styles and materials. Moreover, those changes of building types are correlated with the change in settlement structures in the same way. The transformation process of house forms indicated the change from a traditional to a modern type, which took over forty years in Bangkhu Wiang (urban-fringe), Klong 9-10 and Sai Gong Din (suburb area). Meanwhile the process took twenty years in Mahasawat (urban) since it was the nearest to the CBD.
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Ayesu, Samuel, Victor Rex Barnes, and Olivia Agbenyega. "Threats of Changes in Land-Use and Drivers on Owabi and Barekese Watershed Forests in Ghana." International Journal of Applied Geospatial Research 12, no. 3 (July 2021): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijagr.2021070101.
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This study analyzes the patterns of land-use and land-cover changes for the last three decades (1986–2017) and its drivers for Owabi and Barekese watersheds in the moist semi-deciduous forest of Ghana. The study used Landsat satellite imageries of 1986, 1998, 2007, and 2017 and population data to analyze land cover and use changes of the two watersheds. A decline in natural vegetation cover by 57% and 71.3% has occurred for Owabi and Barekese watersheds respectively. Cropland increased by 77.1% and 105.2% while settlement has increased by 1,018% and 4%, respectively, for Owabi and Barekese watersheds. Cropland is the main form of land-use change for Barekese watershed while settlement is the main land-use change in the Owabi watershed. Annual expansion of settlement within the Owabi site was 38.1%, and cropland was 5.2% for the Barekese site. Population trends had a significant negative relationship with forest cover and a positive relationship with settlement and cropland. Catchment degradation was also influenced by the management model used.
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Singh, Akhilesh Kumar, and Arun Kumar Singh. "Land use and cropping pattern change in Chandauli District, Uttar Pradesh: A geographical analysis." National Geographical Journal of India 66, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 259–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.48008/ngji.1746.
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Observation of land uses is an important tool to assess surface change at different spatio-temporal scales. There are six categories of land use discussed in which agricultural land-use class one. Any plan or policy related to agriculture land use brings a change in agricultural performance and cropping patterns. Apart from this, the cropping pattern is also governed by the law of comparative advantage concerning Agro-climatic conditions. The present paper focuses on the changes that have taken place in land use and cropping pattern in Chandauli district from 2000-01 to 2015-16. The study reveals that there has been a significant change in land use pattern and cropping pattern as settlement class of land use increase 22.72 per cent in 2015 and the area of rice and wheat crops increase 12829 ha. and 9767 ha. respectively from 2000-01 in the study area.
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Cao, Congjie, and Wei Song. "Discerning Spatiotemporal Patterns and Policy Drivers of Rural Settlement Changes from 1962 to 2020." Land 11, no. 8 (August 15, 2022): 1317. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11081317.
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Despite two centuries of urbanisation worldwide, 45% of the world’s people still live in rural areas. Driven by urban development, the form and structure of rural settlements have undergone drastic changes. Reasonable planning according to the scale of the land and spatial layout of rural settlements is particularly important for the development of rural areas. The continuous development of the economy means that the housing needs of farmers and the macro policy background will inevitably change. We create a relationship curve for the “policy-scale of rural settlements” in different periods according to the laws of Maslow’s psychological demand theory and game theory and conduct an empirical study on Dingzhou City, China. The limited availability of remote sensing data means it is difficult to map the evolution patterns of rural settlements on medium and long time scales, and therefore, this paper explores and decrypts military satellite images, reveals the spatial evolution characteristics of rural settlements in Dingzhou, China from 1962 to 2020, and discusses the impact of policy factors on changes to rural settlements in different periods. The study found that from 1962 to 2020, the total area of rural settlements in Dingzhou showed a trend of continual increase, with a total increase of 8354.97 ha (73%). The average annual growth rates in 1962–1972, 1972–1990, 1990–2000, 2000–2010, and 2010–2020 were 0.29%, 1.17%, 1.81%, 1.26%, and 0.05%, respectively. The growth rate of rural settlements was relatively slow from 1962 to 1972. The policy was mainly because rural homesteads (land for building rural residences) were transformed from private ownership to “one homestead, two systems”, and the expansion of rural settlements was inhibited. From 1972 to 1990, with the deepening of reform and opening up, there was a boom in building houses in rural areas, and the growth rate of rural settlements increased. From 1990 to 2000, although the state strengthened the management of rural settlement use, there was still an increasing trend in the area of rural settlements; from 2000 to 2020 the implementation of policies such as “one house for one household" and “connecting increase and decrease" meant that the growth rate of rural settlements slowed.
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Jochem, Warren C., and Andrew J. Tatem. "Tools for mapping multi-scale settlement patterns of building footprints: An introduction to the R package foot." PLOS ONE 16, no. 2 (February 25, 2021): e0247535. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247535.
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Spatial datasets of building footprint polygons are becoming more widely available and accessible for many areas in the world. These datasets are important inputs for a range of different analyses, such as understanding the development of cities, identifying areas at risk of disasters, and mapping the distribution of populations. The growth of high spatial resolution imagery and computing power is enabling automated procedures to extract and map building footprints for whole countries. These advances are enabling coverage of building footprint datasets for low and middle income countries which might lack other data on urban land uses. While spatially detailed, many building footprints lack information on structure type, local zoning, or land use, limiting their application. However, morphology metrics can be used to describe characteristics of size, shape, spacing, orientation and patterns of the structures and extract additional information which can be correlated with different structure and settlement types or neighbourhoods. We introduce the foot package, a new set of open-source tools in a flexible R package for calculating morphology metrics for building footprints and summarising them in different spatial scales and spatial representations. In particular our tools can create gridded (or raster) representations of morphology summary metrics which have not been widely supported previously. We demonstrate the tools by creating gridded morphology metrics from all building footprints in England, Scotland and Wales, and then use those layers in an unsupervised cluster analysis to derive a pattern-based settlement typology. We compare our mapped settlement types with two existing settlement classifications. The results suggest that building patterns can help distinguish different urban and rural types. However, intra-urban differences were not well-predicted by building morphology alone. More broadly, though, this case study demonstrates the potential of mapping settlement patterns in the absence of a housing census or other urban planning data.