Academic literature on the topic 'Land seed protection'
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Journal articles on the topic "Land seed protection"
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Matilla, Angel J. "The Orthodox Dry Seeds Are Alive: A Clear Example of Desiccation Tolerance." Plants 11, no. 1 (December 22, 2021): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11010020.
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To survive in the dry state, orthodox seeds acquire desiccation tolerance. As maturation progresses, the seeds gradually acquire longevity, which is the total timespan during which the dry seeds remain viable. The desiccation-tolerance mechanism(s) allow seeds to remain dry without losing their ability to germinate. This adaptive trait has played a key role in the evolution of land plants. Understanding the mechanisms for seed survival after desiccation is one of the central goals still unsolved. That is, the cellular protection during dry state and cell repair during rewatering involves a not entirely known molecular network(s). Although desiccation tolerance is retained in seeds of higher plants, resurrection plants belonging to different plant lineages keep the ability to survive desiccation in vegetative tissue. Abscisic acid (ABA) is involved in desiccation tolerance through tight control of the synthesis of unstructured late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins, heat shock thermostable proteins (sHSPs), and non-reducing oligosaccharides. During seed maturation, the progressive loss of water induces the formation of a so-called cellular “glass state”. This glassy matrix consists of soluble sugars, which immobilize macromolecules offering protection to membranes and proteins. In this way, the secondary structure of proteins in dry viable seeds is very stable and remains preserved. ABA insensitive-3 (ABI3), highly conserved from bryophytes to Angiosperms, is essential for seed maturation and is the only transcription factor (TF) required for the acquisition of desiccation tolerance and its re-induction in germinated seeds. It is noteworthy that chlorophyll breakdown during the last step of seed maturation is controlled by ABI3. This update contains some current results directly related to the physiological, genetic, and molecular mechanisms involved in survival to desiccation in orthodox seeds. In other words, the mechanisms that facilitate that an orthodox dry seed is a living entity.
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Chen, Yusheng, Zhaofa Sun, Yanmei Wang, Ye Ma, and Yongwei Zhou. "The Green Development in Saline–Alkali Lands: The Evolutionary Game Framework of Small Farmers, Family Farms, and Seed Industry Enterprises." Land 13, no. 4 (March 29, 2024): 436. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land13040436.
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Amid global climate change and population growth, the prevalence of saline–alkali lands significantly hampers sustainable agricultural development. This study employs theories of asymmetric information and bounded rationality to construct an evolutionary game model, analyzing the interactions among small farmers, family farms, and seed industry enterprises in the context of saline–alkali land management. It investigates the strategic choices and dynamics of these stakeholders under the influence of economic incentives and risk perceptions, with a focus on how government policies can foster green development. Utilizing Delay Differential Equations (DDEs) for simulations, this study highlights the risk of “market failure” without government intervention and underscores the need for government participation to stabilize and improve the efficiency of the green development process. The findings reveal that factors such as initial willingness to participate, the economic viability of salt-tolerant crops, seed pricing, research and development costs, and the design of incentive policies are crucial for sustainable land use. Accordingly, the paper proposes specific policy measures to enhance green development, including strengthening information dissemination and technical training, increasing the economic attractiveness of salt-tolerant crops, alleviating research and development pressures on seed companies, and optimizing economic incentives. This study provides a theoretical and policy framework for the sustainable management of saline–alkali lands, offering insights into the behavioral choices of agricultural stakeholders and supporting government strategies for agricultural and environmental protection.
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Skalozub, О. M. "Influence of plant protection methods on weediness and seed yield of meadow clover varieties in Primorskiy region." Bulletin of NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University), no. 2 (July 13, 2021): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.31677/2072-6724-2021-59-2-73-81.
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In the field of fodder production, in most cases, low-yielding, old-age grass stands are used. One of the reasons for this is the low availability of grass seeds. For example, over the past 20 years, the production of grass-clover seeds has reduced by 3.4 times. Therefore, priority should be given to the seed production of leguminous grasses (including meadow clover). A large infestation of the arable soil layer with seeds and buds of annual and perennial weeds in almost all arable land in the Primorskiy Region is the most critical factor in reducing the yield of cultivated crops. The development of practical techniques for clearing fields of weeds is one of the vital links in the technology of increasing the output of fodder crops. The research aims to establish the effect of agronomic practices of cultivation and means of protection on the seed yield of meadow clover in the natural and climatic conditions of the Primorskiy Region. Clover is a crop sensitive to herbicides, with a limited period of their application. Therefore, inter-row treatments were carried out before the rows were closed, and chemical treatments were applied before the budding phase to preserve wild pollinators and bees. The varieties Ogonek, SibNIIK-10 and regionalised Kommandor were evaluated. Experimental data on the impact of agronomic practices of meadow clover cultivation and plant protection methods on the weediness of its crops and the yield quality of seeds under the conditions of the Primorskiy region were obtained. The use of herbicides against the background of inter-row treatment during the second year of clover planting helped reduce the weed infestation from 58.3 to 70% and increase the seed yield by 1.1-1.3 times depending on the variety.
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Jillo, Rufo Gano, Michael M. Okeyo, Bernard Kamondo, Jane Njehu, and Arnold O. Mosongo. "Validating the Viability of Melia volkensii Stored Seeds and Nuts in Promoting Nature-Based Enterprises and Conservation in Drylands, Kenya." East African Journal of Forestry and Agroforestry 6, no. 1 (March 15, 2023): 98–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/eajfa.6.1.1131.
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The development and supply of superior germplasm are important for promoting tree planting. Kenya has lost many tree seed sources through deforestation, land degradation, forest encroachment and conversion of agricultural land to housing. Nevertheless, limited access to tree seeds of high quality is the major constraint to sustainable tree production in Kenya and proper information on the storability of extracted seeds needs to be improved. Melia volkensii tree species is highly valued in the drylands of Kenya for tremendous roles in social-economic, ecological, and environmental protection and conservation. This experiment aims at determining the viability test of Melia seeds stored as nuts over one year and the effect they will have on seed germination. Furthermore, the research investigates the conducive environment that would favour the storage of Melia seeds to improve their viability status. The experiment showed that Melia seeds stored at room temperature and a temperature of 4 degrees centigrade had higher germination capacities compared to Melia seeds stored at a temperature of -20 degrees centigrade. The peak average germination speed was 2.11, with a germination value of 3.99. Significant (p-value ≤ 0.001) differences were observed in the germination capacities between Melia stored as seeds and nuts for the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh germinations (p-value ≤ 0.05). From the study, Melia stored as seeds at a temperature of 4 degrees centigrade had the highest marginal germination capacity. This study provides the best information for the storage and handling of Melia seeds in maintaining their viability
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SPALEVIC, Velibor, Milan LAKICEVIC, Dragan RADANOVIC, Paolo BILLI, Goran BAROVIC, Dusko VUJACIC, Paul SESTRAS, and Abdulvahed KHALEDI DARVISHAN. "Ecological-Economic (Eco-Eco) Modelling in the River Basins of Mountainous Regions: Impact of Land Cover Changes on Sediment Yield in the Velicka Rijeka, Montenegro." Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 45, no. 2 (September 15, 2017): 602–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha45210695.
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This paper presents an Ecological-Economic (Eco-Eco) modelling using the Intensity of Erosion and Outflow (IntErO) model for calculation of sediment yield and runoff assessing the impacts of different land covers on soil erosion intensity. Calculations have been made for the Velicka River basin, which is one of 57 sub-basins of the Lim River in the Northeast Montenegro. Several different land use scenarios were then simulated in the model in order to find the optimal scenario of land use for intensive seed potato production. The results of Ecological (Eco-) analysis shown that the real soil loss under current conditions is 18148 m³yr-1. If seed potato production is introduced, the model calculated a soil loss of 20834 m³yr-1 as sediment yield. In order to balance the damage caused by the introduction of seed potato production we considered also the ecological measure of afforestation to reduce soil loss caused by seed potato production. The model calculated that afforestation would result in a decrease of sediment yield to 17886 m³yr-1. The results of Economic (-Eco) analysis revealed that the investment of €3,385 per ha for the establishment of the seed potato production will provide the income for the farmers of €15,000 per hectare annually. In parallel, we proposed the investment for the protection of the area (258 ha) with afforestation that amounts to €330,608 (€1,281 per ha), for the period of two years, with no other costs in the next decade. The research results demonstrate that the application of the Eco-Eco modelling, by using the IntErO model for studying the effect of soil erosion and possible land use for intensive seed potato production in the Velicka River Basin provides cost effective solutions for the benefit of the local population.
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Osman, Ahmed E., and Phil S. Cocks. "Prospects for Improving Mediterranean Grasslands in Lebanon through Seeding, Fertilization and Protection from Grazing." Experimental Agriculture 28, no. 4 (October 1992): 461–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479700020172.
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SUMMARYGrassland productivity was studied for four years near Terbol, Lebanon. In the first year pasture availability and plant numbers were monitored along transects, and in the following three years the effects of sowing four Mediterranean annual legumes (three cultivars of subterranean clover and a local ecotype of Medicago rigidula) and top-dressing with super-phosphate were studied. The results indicated that natural grasslands were dominated by annual grasses (Aegilops, Hordeum, Bromur, Lolium and Poa). Legume density was low, which resulted in poor legume productivity, especially in winter. Exotic legumes only resulted in a slight improvement in pasture productivity even when phosphate fertilizer was added. However, partial protection from grazing (for one or two months in late winter and spring) more than doubled the number of legume seeds in the seed bank compared with full protection and open grazing. The build up of seeds in the soil is an essential step towards the improvement of productivity in these degraded pastures, which form a large part of the land surface in Lebanon and on which small ruminant production largely depends.
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Celaya-Michel, Hernán, César Hinojo-Hinojo, Esther Sánchez-Villalba, and Miguel Ángel Barrera-Silva. "Olneya tesota plantations under different growing conditions in Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico." Ingeniería Agrícola y Biosistemas 14, no. 2 (December 2022): 3–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5154/r.inagbi.2022.06.060.
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Introduction: The Sonoran desert shows degradation, risk of desertification and loss of biodiversity. A typical plant of the area is the Mexican ironwood (Olneya tesota), with ecological, economic and social importance.Objectives: To evaluate germination, survival and growth of Mexican ironwood seeds sown in degraded soil, conserved soil, agricultural soil and nursery in Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico.Methodology: Annual experiments were carried out from 2017 to 2019, with 1 450 Mexican ironwood seeds sown directly in degraded and conserved arid soils, and in soil patches (bare, with grasses, undertree, in accumulation zones and with herbivory protections). The experiment was conducted under controlled conditions of humidity, nursery and irrigated agricultural soil.Results: Seed germination was 0 to 20 % in degraded soils, with zero annual survival. The application of irrigation and herbivory protection led higher germination (16 to 78 %) and annual survival (0 to 50 %). Annual survival in patches of conserved soil ranged from 0 to 30. The highest germination (84 %), annual survival (74 %) and annual growth (84.7 cm) were observed in agricultural soil and drip irrigation.Limitations of the study: The results correspond to three years of evaluations.Originality: There are no detailed studies on the limitations of establishing ironwood plants.Conclusions: Netting protection increases germination, survival and height of ironwood plants in degraded soils. It is possible to initiate ironwood forest plantations on agricultural land with drip irrigation.
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Dudkin, Igor V., Natalia V. Dolgopolova, Dmitry I. Zhilyakov, Ekaterina V. Malysheva, and Viktor N. Nedbaev. "Substantiation of the weed control system when placing grain production in microzones of the Central Chernozem region." E3S Web of Conferences 390 (2023): 02011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202339002011.
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The most important link in modern farming systems is the protection of crops from weeds. Only by taking effective measures to reduce the weediness of crops one can get a high yield of cultivated crops and high-quality products. On a field or plot with high weediness all other agricultural activities aimed at increasing crop yields will be ineffective. When planning for weed control, the grower must give priority to preventive and organizational measures. It is much easier to prevent weeding of agricultural land than to try to weed an already weeded area. Preventive measures include: seed cleaning; preparation of feed for feeding, allowing them to be cleaned of viable weed seeds; preparation of organic fertilizers (manure, composts) before applying them to the fields. An important measure that reduces the weediness of fields is the destruction of weeds on lands adjacent to fields: on unused plots, field edges, roadsides, edges of forest belts. Cleaning of weed seeds from wastes is necessary by means of agricultural machines and vehicles, as well as by means of containers.
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Pires, Nuno D. "Seed evolution: parental conflicts in a multi-generational household." BioMolecular Concepts 5, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 71–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bmc-2013-0034.
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AbstractSeeds are multi-generational structures containing a small embryonic plant enclosed in layers of diverse parental origins. The evolution of seeds was a pinnacle in an evolutionary trend towards a progressive retention of embryos and gametes within parental tissue. This strategy, which dates back to the first land plants, allowed an increased protection and nourishing of the developing embryo. Flowering plants took parental control one step further with the evolution of a biparental endosperm that derives from a second parallel fertilization event. The endosperm directly nourishes the developing embryo and allows not only the maternal genes, but also paternal genes, to play an active role during seed development. The appearance of an endosperm set the conditions for the manifestation of conflicts of interest between maternal and paternal genomes over the allocation of resources to the developing embryos. As a consequence, a dynamic balance was established between maternal and paternal gene dosage in the endosperm, and maintaining a correct balance became essential to ensure a correct seed development. This balance was achieved in part by changes in the genetic constitution of the endosperm and through epigenetic mechanisms that allow a differential expression of alleles depending on their parental origin. This review discusses the evolutionary steps that resulted in the appearance of seeds and endosperm, and the epigenetic and genetic mechanisms that allow a harmonious coinhabitance of multiple generations within a single seed.
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SINGH, J. P., G. S. BANGARVA, and VIKRAM SINGH. "Social aspects of sustainability of groundnut production in semi arid eastern plains of Rajasthan." Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 85, no. 9 (September 8, 2015): 1229–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v85i9.51637.
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The importance of sustainability is increasing due to scarce natural resources and growing scientific innovations inagriculture sector. The present study, especially focuses on initiatives, where different social and technical aspectswere analyzed on the sustainability of groundnut production in Semi Arid Eastern Plains of Rajasthan, where 200 groundnut producing farmers were identified by using simple random and proportionate sampling methods from Jaipur and Dausa districts of Rajasthan. The results of study revealed that majority of the respondents possessed medium level of knowledge (65.5%) and adoption (68.0%) about sustainable groundnut production. The knowledge level about selection of land and field preparation, improved varieties, sowing, seed rate, seed treatment, irrigation,harvesting and storage was high in order, while it was comparatively low in case of fertilizer application and plantprotection measures. Whereas, aspect wise adoption level of seed rate, improved varieties, seed treatment, irrigation, spacing, weed control, harvesting and storage was comparatively high. It was low in case of fertilizer application and plant protection measures about sustainable groundnut production. The correlation analysis revealed that the social aspects, viz. land holding, socio economic status, education, family education, economic motivation, source of information utilized, change proneness and attitude towards sustainable groundnut production having significant positive relationship with knowledge and adoption level of sustainable groundnut production.
Books on the topic "Land seed protection"
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Fanning, Odom. Opportunities in environmental careers. Lincolnwood, Ill., USA: VGM Career Horizons, 1991.
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Fanning, Odom. Opportunities in environmental careers. Lincolnwood, Ill., U.S.A: VGM Career Horizons, 1986.
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Fanning, Odom. Opportunities in environmental careers. Lincolnwood, Ill: VGM Career Horizons, 1996.
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New Jersey. Legislature. Senate. Judiciary Committee. Public hearing before Senate Judiciary Committee: Senate bill no. 1751 (permits counties to seek reimbursements from inmates and health insurers for medical services provided in county jails) : hearing recorded and transcribed by the Office of Legislative Services, Public Information Office, Hearing Unit. Trenton, N.J: The Committee, 1995.
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Humphreys, L. R., and F. Riveros. Tropical Pasture Seed Production/F2980 (Fao Plant Production and Protection Paper). Food & Agriculture Org, 1987.
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Guy S, Goodwin-Gill, and McAdam Jane. The Refugee in International Law. 4th ed. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198808565.001.0001.
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The status of the refugee in international law, and of everyone entitled to protection, has always been precarious, not least in times of heightened and heated debate. People have always moved in search of safety, and they always will. This completely revised and updated edition casts new light on the refugee definition, the meaning of persecution, the role of gender and sexual orientation, the types of harm, and the protection due to refugees. The book reviews the fundamental principle of non-refoulement as a restraint on the conduct of States, even as States themselves seek new ways to prevent refugees and asylum seekers arriving. The book analyses related principles of protection—non-discrimination, due process, rescue at sea, and solutions—in light of what States, UNHCR, and treaty-monitoring bodies actually do, rather than merely deductively. It closely examines relevant treaty standards, and the role of UNHCR in providing protection, contributing to the development of international refugee law, and promoting solutions. New chapters bring into focus evolving protection demands in relation to nationality, statelessness, and displacement in the context of disasters and climate change. The book factors in the challenges posed by the movement of people across land and sea in search of refuge, and their interception, reception, and later treatment. The overall aim remains the same as in previous editions: to provide a sound basis for protection in international law, taking full account of State and community interests and recognizing the need to bridge gaps in the regime which now has 100 years of law and practice behind it.
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Kugelmann, Dieter, and Bernard Łukańko, eds. Nationale Spielräume im Datenschutzrecht. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783748933946.
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The General Data Protection Regulation aims to harmonize data protection law in the European Union. At the same time, it contains opening clauses that attribute national legislators margins of regulation to allow diversity in certain areas. This applies to the media and churches as well as to criminal law and labor law. The volume describes the European legal framework for the use of these opening clauses and the constitutional requirements in Poland and Germany. Even the constitutional situation shows considerable normative differences. The opening clauses are comparatively examined to see how they are understood and then applied. The Polish and German authors elaborate expected differences, but also surprising similarities. In this way, a minimum standard of data protection law becomes clear, which is effective in both countries and can be the starting point for the development of common European standards. With contributions by Dominique Braun; Dr. Joanna Buchalsk; Prof. Dr. Dieter Kugelmann; Prof. Dr. Daniel Eryk Lach, LL.M.; Prof. Dr. Heinrich Lang; Prof. Dr. Bernard Łukańko, LL.M.; Dr. Fuszina Molnar-Gabor; Dr. Marian Müller; PD Dr. Enrico Peuker; Prof. Dr. Wojciech Piątek; Dr. Anna Piszczek; Prof. Dr. Andreas Popp; Dr. Philipp Richter; Christina Rost; Prof. Dr. Andrzej Wróbel and Grażyna Zboralska, LL.M..
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Jarjour, Tala. Epilogue. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190635251.003.0009.
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Let the melodies of the truth be made abundant.—Ephrem the Syrian Hymns on FaithFOR THE SECOND procession, a number of young men, strikingly dressed in military uniform, carry the coffin. The military uniform does not represent a modern costume for the Roman soldiers who crucified Jesus; it is a real-life daily attire for those men. Some will have been recently drafted into mandatory military service but will have obtained permission to celebrate Easter at home. They carry the coffin to earn a blessing in the form of protection from life-threatening dangers associated with being in the military. This is 2007. Urfallis say that ominous associations with military service are no longer immediate; yet “one never knows” what might happen in the army, I am told. As those men would be the first to fight should war break out, they seek the blessing of this special event when it coincides with their time in service, which is traditionally an emotionally difficult time for the young men and their families, particularly the mothers. Seeking blessing from the symbolic shrouded body of Christ in liturgical drama represents belief in the transcendence of divine blessings. While embodied in symbols of death, Christ’s blessing extends to protecting the lives of those in whose obligations death is conceivable. Less than a decade later, many a flower-covered coffin would carry the picture of a young man in military uniform, right where the shrouded cross is laid on ...
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James, Harrison. Saving the Oceans Through Law. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198707325.001.0001.
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The oceans provide many vital ecosystem services for humankind, but the health of the world’s seas is in serious decline. The protection of the marine environment has emerged as one of the most pressing challenges for the international community. An effective solution depends upon the cooperation of all states towards achieving agreed objectives. International law plays a vital role in this process. This book provides a critical assessment of the international legal instruments that have been negotiated for the protection of the marine environment and identifies key trends in global ocean governance. Starting with a detailed analysis of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, the book explains and evaluates the main global and regional treaties and related instruments that seek to prevent, reduce, and control damage to the marine environment caused by navigation, seabed exploitation, fishing, dumping, geo-engineering, and land-based activities, as well as emerging pressures such as ocean noise, ocean acidification, and climate change. The book demonstrates how international institutions have expanded their mandates to address a broader range of marine environmental issues and to promote an ecosystems approach to regulation. It also discusses the development of diverse regulatory tools to address anthropogenic impacts on the marine environment and the extent to which States have adopted a precautionary approach in different maritime sectors. Whilst many advances have been made, the book highlights the need for greater coordination between international institutions, as well as the desirability of developing stronger enforcement mechanisms for international environmental rules.
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Dilger, Mike. One Thousand Shades of Green. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781399411493.
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‘A cracking read.’ IOLO WILLIAMS ‘What an incredible achievement!’ ALISON STEADMAN ‘An inspirational odyssey.’ NICK BAKER 'Immediately accessible.' BBC COUNTRYFILE - Mike Dilger's nationwide quest to find 1,000 wild plant species in a single year. For most of 2020, Mike Dilger’s day-job of travelling to the four corners of the British Isles all but disappeared. Having been confined to one place by the Covid pandemic, and with daily dog walks his sole permitted outdoor pursuit, the simple pleasure of getting to know the flowers at his feet reignited a long-buried botanical passion. Now Mike is on a mission: to see a thousand different wild plants in one calendar year, and assess how our fascinating flora is faring in modern Britain. From Cornwall to Kent and Breckland to the Scottish Highlands, Mike meets the resilient reserve wardens and courageous conservationists tasked with protecting some of the nation’s richest botanical sites, and experiences first-hand the many difficulties associated with saving our rarest and most charismatic plants. Taking in city centres, mountain tops and every conceivable habitat in between, One Thousand Shades of Green is a manifesto on how to love and conserve our green and pleasant land, and celebrates the beauty and diversity of the nation’s plants.
Book chapters on the topic "Land seed protection"
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Maenza-Gmelch, Terryanne. "Finding the Most Important Places on Earth for Birds." In Transforming Education for Sustainability, 147–63. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-13536-1_9.
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AbstractBirds are reliable participants in the mutualism between birds and humans, but humans many times do not reciprocate. In a mutualistic ecological relationship, the interacting species both benefit, each providing a helpful service for the other. What could birds possibly do for us? You can thank a bird for your pure drinking water, coffee bean quality, and seed dispersal. What do we do for birds? Birds need a healthy habitat. While we are in control of that, we are not managing it well and this is an ecological injustice. One of the UN Sustainable Development Goals is called Life on Land and includes biodiversity protection which can be achieved, in part, through habitat conservation. Habitat conservation starts with identifying a place and then implementing a way to protect it. Students and I have identified some of these important places and our work has successfully informed land conservation policy for the Audubon New York Important Bird Area program. Protecting ecologically important places for birds is what I strive for with my fieldwork, in my classroom activities, and eventually back in the field with students to help.
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Spencer, Ruth Viola. "Improvement of Human and Environmental Health Through Waste Management in Antigua and Barbuda." In Fostering Transformative Change for Sustainability in the Context of Socio-Ecological Production Landscapes and Seascapes (SEPLS), 215–28. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6761-6_12.
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AbstractAntigua and Barbuda is currently experiencing an expansion in integrated waste management driven by local community groups. These events are catalytic and transformational, fit well into SEPLS methodologies, and contribute to many of the biodiversity targets and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). With waste being a direct driver of and major challenge for biodiversity, climate change and land degradation, many positive multi-dimensional impacts are being seen, realised and manifested that contribute positively to reducing land-based sources of pollution through community stewardship. Such local actions positively impact the sustainable management of natural resources and the protection of habitats. Likewise, they support land degradation neutrality, protection and safeguarding of the ecosystems that provide our soil, air and water resources, sustain livelihoods, and facilitate transfer of knowledge to children and youth.This attempt to pilot a circular economy approach is providing vocational and life skills training, as well as income generation for the local community, including new forms of capacity building and development, while reducing soil, water and air pollution. Public-private partnerships built through this project are motivating other groups to follow a similar path to biodiversity transformation. Changes in attitudes and behaviours, and the building of knowledge and capacities in the next generation, is taking place through school and community outreach programmes.The project has led to community empowerment in understanding that everyone has a role to play in sustainable development and that through collective actions, changes to improve public health can be made.
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Ewert, Amelie, Mascha Brost, and Stephan Schmid. "Small Electric Vehicles—Benefits and Drawbacks for Sustainable Urban Development." In Small Electric Vehicles, 3–15. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65843-4_1.
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AbstractSmall electric vehicles (SEVs) have the potential to contribute to climate protection, efficient land use, and mitigation of air pollution in cities. Even though, they show many benefits that could enhance urban quality of life, they are not yet widely used. In this paper, benefits as well as drawbacks for these vehicles are discussed by combining literature research and outcomes of a mixed-method approach with expert interviews and an online survey. Resulting from these arguments, a vision for SEVs in urban areas is drawn showing them integrated in a mix of various transport modes. Environmental benefits are derived, for example, from their lower weight and low maximum speed making them a more energy-efficient transport option than heavier cars. Additionally, the small vehicle size lowers land use for SEVs and, e.g., allows for less parking areas needed. However, they also hold constraints that need to be dealt with in different ways. On the one hand, the lower safety compared to passenger cars is an issue that is further worsened by current traffic regulations. On the other hand, costs in terms of purchase prices seem to be an issue for SEVs.
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Doolittle, William E. "Terracing." In Cultivated Landscapes of Native North America, 254–308. Oxford University PressOxford, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198234203.003.0008.
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Abstract Dry farming by its very nature is typically associated with nearly level or relatively relief-free land. In no small way this is a function of the need for stability vis-à-vis the powerful forces of nature, and holds as true for rock veneers laid down by farmers as it does for naturally deposited sand. Although gravel mulch is a protective device in one respect, it is not without its weaknesses. Principal among these is its unsuitability on slope lands where runoff is heavy and its effects great. Runoff, of course, is the combined product of precipitation and the nature of the land on which it falls. (For economic assessments of cultivating level as opposed to slope lands see Plog n.d., and Plog and Garrett 1972.)
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McFarlane, Ben, Nicholas Hopkins, and Sarah Nield. "20. Regulating Leases and Protecting Occupiers." In Land Law. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198806066.003.0020.
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All books in this flagship series contain carefully selected substantial extracts from key cases, legislation, and academic debate, providing able students with a stand-alone resource. This chapter reviews the statutory protection potentially available to B if he or she has a lease. It is shown that, in some cases, B can be seen as having a lease (at least, in the sense used by a particular statute) even if B has no property right. A lease can give B status: the status of a party qualifying for statutory protection. As the Law Commission has noted, however, it is questionable whether the availability of such protection should continue to turn on whether B has a lease rather than a licence, and a new approach has been taken in recent reforms introduced in Wales.
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McFarlane, Ben, Nicholas Hopkins, and Sarah Nield. "20. Regulating Leases and Protecting Occupiers." In Land Law, 754–77. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198868521.003.0020.
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All books in this flagship series contain carefully selected substantial extracts from key cases, legislation, and academic debate, providing able students with a stand-alone resource. This chapter reviews the statutory protection potentially available to B if he or she has a lease. It is shown that, in some cases, B can be seen as having a lease (at least, in the sense used by a particular statute) even if B has no property right. A lease can give B status: the status of a party qualifying for statutory protection. As the Law Commission has noted, however, it is questionable whether the availability of such protection should continue to turn on whether B has a lease, rather than a licence, and a new approach has recently been taken in Wales.
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Hursh, John. "Protecting the Land, Protecting the Resources." In Constitutionalism and the Economy in Africa, 155—C6.P173. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192886439.003.0008.
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Abstract Few regions in Africa are as resource rich and as conflict prone as East Africa. Within this region, several states face alarming rates of corruption, as well as correspondingly low levels of transparency and checks on executive power. Historically, East African states have seen repressive governance, an over-concentration of executive authority, and the rampant misuse of natural resource wealth. This unfortunate combination has led to great personal enrichment for a few, but widespread poverty and a lack of economic opportunity for the majority living in these states. This chapter examines constitutional reform efforts to protect land and natural resources, particularly as these protections relate to economic development. It does so by offering a comparative assessment of how the constitutions of Kenya, Sudan, and South Sudan safeguard land and natural resources for the citizens of these states. These states allow for a useful comparison of three distinct legal traditions within an important region of Africa. Moreover, as each constitution emerged from violent armed conflict, analysing each contributes to the growing study of constitutional reform in post-conflict settings.
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Chitetele Soy Pinto, Alister, Ana Pinto de Moura, Augusto Mário Miquitaio, Bas’llele Malomalo, Cristina Amaro da Costa, Daniela Queiroz Zuliani, Delfim Domingos da Costa, et al. "Networking and Participatory Research Promoting Quality of Life and Well-Being in Portuguese-Speaking African Countries." In Standard of Living, Wellbeing, and Community Development [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97730.
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Spread across the planet each human being, individually or in community, aspires for well-being and quality of life, according to the ideal of each one. However, we all believe that there are always ways to live better. For many people the measurement of a better life translates into the guarantee of social rights, the right to basic services, good land, seed and sufficient nutritious food for their community members. The Mechanism to Facilitate the Participation of Universities in the Food and Nutrition Security Council of the Community of Portuguese Speaking Countries is a cooperative academic network fomented by the Community of Portuguese Speaking Countries (CPLP) with support from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. This mechanism works with teaching, research and extension in the CPLP Food and Nutrition Security Strategy. The pillars of CPLP Strategy are the strengthening of the governance of public policies on Food and Nutrition Security at all levels of government, social protection based on guaranteeing access to food and family farming with a strategy to increase the availability of good quality food, promoting social and environmental sustainability. CPLP University Mechanism has provided training processes for technicians who work in public policies for Food and Nutrition Security and has contributed to the strengthening of postgraduate programs in Portuguese-speaking African countries. As consequence, it has favored participatory research and mixed methods as a theoretical methodological approach. Therefore, it seeks to focus on the territories of Food and Nutrition Security practices to transform reality, as recommended by CPLP Strategy, however, with the autonomous assumptions of the collaborative network. This chapter presents how local researchers perceive the results of a process of inducing an academic network to transform the local reality and promote Food and Nutrition Security in the context of the CPLP.
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Diner, Hasia R. "Across America: 1820–1880." In A New Promised Land, 22–40. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195158267.003.0002.
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Abstract On June 15, 1842, Abraham Kohn left his home village in Bavaria, southern Germany. He confessed to his diary, “I wept bitterly as I kissed my dear mother, perhaps for the last time, in Wittelshofen, pressing her hand and commending her to the protection of the Eternal, the Father of all widows and orphans.” Kohn was not alone. A childhood friend and his brother Moses accompanied him. They were just three of the thousands of young Jewish women and men who left their European homes in the mid-nineteenth century. Small groups of siblings and friends, mostly young unmarried people, abandoned the villages of southern and western Germany, Alsace, Bohemia, Hungary, Posen, Lithuania, and western Russia to seek opportunities in America.
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Pienaar, Juanita M. "Customary Law and Communal Property in South Africa." In Legal Strategies for the Development and Protection of Communal Property, 127–51. British Academy, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197266380.003.0007.
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In the geographical areas forming the focus of this contribution, the traditional communal areas in former Bantustan and homeland areas in South Africa, communal ownership flows from the application of customary law, linked to the constitutional right to culture. Living customary law, embedded in communities, entails a dynamic system of land rights which are negotiated in line with particular needs. Recent policy and legislative developments, however, seem to bolster rights of traditional authorities, thereby impacting on land rights and effectively negating spontaneous negotiation. Conceptual clarification in this contribution embodies the complexity linked to communal property, specifically land, in light of the aftermath of apartheid, the commencement of an all-encompassing land reform programme and the operation of a dual legal system comprising customary law and Western-style legal paradigms. The challenges and opportunities for law reform are explored in this context of inter-connectedness of customary law and communal property.
Conference papers on the topic "Land seed protection"
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Saathoff, Fokke, Stefan Cantré, and Jan Olschewski. "The Need for Multifunctional Dikes in Europe – the MultiDikes Project Concept." In The 13th Baltic Sea Region Geotechnical Conference. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13bsgc.2016.038.
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In Europe there is a considerable interest in new flood protection technologies. In case of sea or river dikes, the land consumption is an important issue, particularly in densely populated urban areas or when other land uses are compromised. However, dikes are generally restricted to the function of flood protection. Only few additional functions are common, such as roads and pathways, which often cause difficulties regarding the planning, construction and maintenance of dikes. The concept of dikes with multiple functions is therefore new. Some innovations are being developed in the Netherlands while in Germany and the rest of Europe these concepts are yet unknown – with the exception of a new prospect regarding woody plants on dams and dikes which is under investigation in Austria and Germany. The lack of multifunctionality also results from the respective laws and regulations, in which the usability of dike construction is strongly restricted. This should be discussed and rethought. The need for multifunctional dike concepts was approved by the German BMBF by funding a seed money project for a duration of 2 years. In this preparatory project, a larger EU cooperation project will be developed, in which the need for multifunctional flood protections and possible solutions will be investigated for different model regions around Europe. This paper presents the general concept and first ideas with the aim of finding additional partners and to start the discussion in the geotechnical research community.
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Ling, Julia, Christopher J. Elkins, and John K. Eaton. "The Effect of Land Taper Angle on Trailing Edge Slot Film Cooling." In ASME Turbo Expo 2014: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2014-25579.
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Trailing edge slot film cooling is a widely used method of protecting the thin trailing edge of turbine blades from hot gas impingement. The structures that separate the slots, known as “lands,” come in a variety of configurations which can be broadly classified as either “tapered” or “straight.” This paper examines the effect of the land taper angle on the mixing of the coolant flow with the main flow by comparing three configurations: a case with straight lands, a previously reported case with slightly tapered lands, and a case with strongly tapered lands. In each case, the slot width and the land width at the plane of the slot exit are kept constant. For each configuration, the mean volumetric coolant concentration distribution and 3-component velocity field were measured using Magnetic Resonance Imaging techniques. It is shown that the land taper angle has a strong effect on the mean flow features and coolant surface effectiveness. Furthermore, the impact of the lands configuration on the flow field and concentration distribution is seen not just in the cutback region, but also in the wake of the blade.
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Girbaciu, Alina, Cristian Girbaciu, Camelia Stefanescu, and Adia Grozav. "Solutions and challenges for sustainable integrated management of stormwater in urbanized areas of Romania." In 22nd International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Engineering, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/erdev.2023.22.tf148.
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In this age of urbanization, sustainable development requires good sewerage concepts for the future - not only in growing cities, but also in rural areas. Efficient stormwater management has become an increasingly important national and international concern. Soil waterproofing is oriented to a large extent by land use planning decisions. Land use is a compromise between social, economic, and environmental needs, such as housing, transport infrastructure, energy production, agriculture, nature protection. Limiting soil waterproofing can be done by reducing land use, or by continuing soil waterproofing, but using land already occupied, for example, industrial sites, decommissioned. Keeping water in the city by allowing it to seep into the soil and accumulate in water bodies offers many benefits, including recreational space for people living in the area and creating a cooling effect during heat waves. The use of green infrastructure is a tested component of nature capitalization, to obtain environmental, economic, and social benefits. As an example, instead of building flood protection infrastructure, a green solution can be used to capitalize on the functions (services) of nature: restoring wetland to be able to take over excess water, protecting communities in the areas at risk of flooding. The best way to develop green infrastructure is to take a carefully integrated approach to land management and strategic land use planning. All land users and all policy sectors need to be involved early in the process of developing green infrastructure, with some of them taking responsibility. The purpose of this article is to present some effective measures for urban stormwater management that can be adopted both in cities and in rural areas, and secondly to present the importance of the concept of “Green Infrastructure” (G.I.). In this article is shown that just by simply reorganizing the territory by proposing vertically arranged parking lots and by proposing bioretention solutions, a series of benefits appear such as the cooling effect during heat waves, flood control, clean water and air, and attractive recreation areas, etc.
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Eaton, Harry E., Gary D. Linsey, Ellen Y. Sun, Karren L. More, Joshua B. Kimmel, Jeffrey R. Price, and Narendernath Miriyala. "EBC Protection of SiC/SiC Composites in the Gas Turbine Combustion Environment: Continuing Evaluation and Refurbishment Considerations." In ASME Turbo Expo 2001: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/2001-gt-0513.
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Silicon carbide fiber reinforced silicon carbide composites (SiC/SiC CMC’s) are attractive for use in gas turbine engines as combustor liner materials because the temperature capability allows for reduced cooling. This enables the engine to operate more efficiently and enables the design of very stringent emission goals for NOx and CO. It has been shown, however, that SiC/SiC CMC’s and other silica formers can degrade with time in the high steam environment of the gas turbine combustor due to accelerated oxidation and subsequent volatilization of the silica due to reaction with high pressure water (ref.s 1, 2, 3, & 4). As a result, an environmental barrier coating (EBC) is required in conjunction with the SiC/SiC CMC in order to meet long life goals. Under the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) sponsored Solar Turbines Incorporated Ceramic Stationary Gas Turbine (CSGT) engine program (ref. 5), EBC systems developed under the HSCT EPM program and improved under the CSGT program have been applied to both SiC/SiC CMC coupons and SiC/SiC CMC combustion liners which have been evaluated in long term laboratory testing and in ground based turbine power generation. This paper discusses the continuing evaluation (see ref. 6) of EBC application to SiC/SiC CMC’s and the results from laboratory and engine test evaluations along with refurbishment considerations.
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Dudzinska, Małgorzata. "The Performance of Agricultural Land Management Work in the Context of Needs, Illustrated with an Example of Agricultural Land Consolidations." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.186.
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In the situation where Poland has been a member of the European Union since 2004, agricultural land consolidation has been co-financed with EU funds. This has resulted in an increase in the number of carried out land consolidations throughout Poland. Co-financing of this consolidation work has also introduced the need for a different understanding of the essence of agricultural land consolidation. According to Dacko (see Dacko 2006), the main goal of land consolidation should be to improve the quality of rural life, and not only to increase agricultural production. Land consolidation measures should be initiated to revive the countryside by encouraging continuous economic and political development of the local community, while protecting and rationally managing natural resources. The local community should participate democratically in land consolidation and in defining new forms of land use that make the most of the local potential. Currently in Poland, the choice of a location for the implementation of consolidation work not only depends on the farm land layout and land fragmentation also on the farmers who apply for the implementation of consolidation work in the particular area. Social acceptance is the key prerequisite for successful land consolidation. This fact has resulted in the agricultural land consolidation taking place not only in the areas in which the needs determined on the basis of the farm land layout and land fragmentation are most unfavorable. The paper comparatively analyses the determined needs as regards consolidation work in Poland, and the implementation of this work since 2004. The research employed the following methods: analysis and synthesis of the literature, field inventory, and research from the group of spatial-statistical approaches. The study area covered Poland, and in particular the selected region.
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Smith, C., B. Barker, C. Clum, and J. Bons. "Deposition in a Turbine Cascade With Combusting Flow." In ASME Turbo Expo 2010: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2010-22855.
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This report presents the design and operation of an accelerated testing facility for the study of deposition in turbine nozzle guide vanes (NGV). The facility was designed to produce turbine deposits in a 1–2 hour test that simulates thousands of hours of turbine operation. This is accomplished by matching the net foreign particulate throughput of an actual gas turbine. The facility seeds a combusting (natural gas) flow with 10–20 micron diameter coal ash particulate. The particulate-laden combustor exhaust is accelerated through a rectangular-to-annular transition duct and expands to ambient pressure through an NGV annular sector. The cascade contains two NGV doublets (donated from industry) comprising three full passages and two half passages of flow. The inlet Mach number (0.1) and gas temperature (1000 °C) are representative of operating power turbines. The vanes are film cooled from an auxiliary air supply at nominal design operating conditions. Investigations over a range of inlet gas temperatures showed that deposition increased substantially with temperature, with a threshold for deposition occurring between 900 °C and 1000 °C. Qualitative test validation was achieved using direct comparison with deposits from service hardware. Surface topography analysis indicated that the surface structure of the generated deposits were similar to those found on actual turbine blades. Regions of heightened deposition were noted; the leading edge and pressure surface being particularly implicated. Film cooling is shown to provide substantial protection from deposition.
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Pau, M., G. Paniagua, D. Delhaye, A. de la Loma, and P. Ginibre. "Aerothermal Impact of Stator-Rim Purge Flow and Rotor-Platform Film Cooling on a Transonic Turbine Stage." In ASME Turbo Expo 2008: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2008-51295.
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This paper describes the effects on the mainstream flow of two types of cooling techniques in a transonic turbine stage: purge gas ejected out of the cavity between the stator rim and the rotor disk, as well as film cooling gas discharged from the rotor-platform. The tests were carried out in a full annular stage fed by a compression tube, at M2is = 1.1, Re = 1.1×106, and at temperature ratios reproducing engine conditions. The stator outlet was instrumented to allow the aerothermal characterization of the purge flow. The rotor blade was heavily instrumented with fast-response pressure sensors and double-layer thin film gauges. The tests are coupled with numerical calculations performed using the ONERA’s code elsA. The stator-rotor interaction is seen to be significantly affected by the stator-rim seal, both in terms of heat transfer and pressure fluctuations. The flow exchange between the rotor disk cavity and the mainstream passage is mainly governed by the vane shock patterns. The purge flow leads to the appearance of a large coherent vortex structure on the suction side of the blade which enhances the overall heat transfer coefficient due to the blockage effect created. Secondly, the impact of the platform cooling is observed to be restricted to the platform, with negligible effects on the blade suction side. The platform cooling results in a clear attenuation of pressure pulsations at some specific locations. Finally the turbine performance was analyzed, comparing measured and CFD results. A detailed loss breakdown analysis has been done using correlations, in order to isolate the different loss component contributions. The presented results should help designers improve the protection of the rotor platform and minimize the amount of coolant used.
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Obi, Chinyere, Henry Ijomanta, Ebuka Ifeduba, and Oluchukwu Okoh. "Combating Petroleum Movable Assets Theft Through Supply Chain Management System." In SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/208243-ms.
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Abstract The Niger Delta land and swamp operators have endured severe hostility, theft, and asset vandalism over time. The offshore assets seem insulated from these incessant thefts due to difficulty accessing the facility and the compactness of the operations resulting in efficient security surveillance. However, this is not the case for land and swamp assets, usually with wide asset footprints resulting from traditional, supposedly easy, and low-cost development concepts. These conventional concepts resulted in wells drilled from multiple locations with multiple flowlines/pipelines crossing many communities and making efficient surveillance a near impossible activity. The attackers usually target movable assets like wellhead accessories, Christmas tree, and flowlines in low-activity areas, and the non-active wells/flowlines are good minimal risk candidates. This act increases the cost of operations and, in most cases, results in environmental pollution because the vandals do not take the necessary precautions as needed for environmentally safe operations. Interestingly, in most cases, these stolen assets find their way into the local market, where they are refurbished and resold to unsuspecting operators. To curb this menace, an opportunity exists for industry collaboration by applying an intelligent supply chain and asset inventory management system. This paper reviews the current asset protection techniques, evaluates the value at risk, and proposes innovative ways of combating theft using digital technology and intelligent asset management techniques.
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Zapata, Ricardo, and Gabriela Vega. "Mitigation strategies for the environmental impact of informal settlements over the papagayo protective forest in the northwest of Guayaquil city." In 8th International Conference on Human Interaction and Emerging Technologies. AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002728.
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The city of Guayaquil presents a constant economic growth and therefore a high demand for human labor, which leads to national migration from areas with lower labor supply, to the city, this generates an accelerated urban development and a high capital gain in consolidated areas of the city, so that the new inhabitants especially poor people to be forced to look for a habitat, and not having access to housing in a consolidated area with all basic services, seek areas with informal settlements whose cost are affordable for such dwellers.The objective of this study will be to generate a strategic mitigation plan for the environmental impact, taking as a study base the informal settlements on the papagayo protective forest in the northwest of Guayaquil.In this work, i have made a diagnosis of the current state of the Papagayo protective forest was made, in which information on the flora and fauna of the area was compiled and classified according to the level of affectation to which it has been subjected, in addition to the impact generated by informal settlements that directly affect the study area. Based on the study of concepts and theories of human settlements, environmental impacts, quantification of activities developed by the population through land use and parceling of the territorial surface affected by human settlements on the Papagayo Protected Forest using the ARCGIS geographic information system, complemented with the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), a tool that facilitates complex decision making, which allows establishing the impact levels of flora and fauna, obtaining mitigation strategies for the environmental impact, improving the quality of life of its inhabitants and increasing the green area index of the area.
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Miguel Marques, Fernando. "“ALImentáRIO” - Holder for the Supplementary Feeding of Wild Birds." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001397.
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This is an animal design project (design thinking to meet the needs of animals) which aims to bring birds into contact with humans and - through this solution - to bring the sound and movement produced by them into our lives (whether in the countryside, whether in the urban landscape), which can be translated into joy and peace achieved by the harmony of natural wildlife in our domestic environment.Starting question Knowing that birds are elusive and fearful animals, but also can bring joy and movement to our daily lives, how can we attract them to our coexistence? Supplementary feeding can be a good solution, and there are already some versions available on the international market, especially in countries where winter is more extreme. In southern Europe, feeding birds is still not a very common practice. Depending on the type of food the birds eat in their natural habitat and, depending on the endogenous birds, there are variations in the diet, and only a test of placing food available to the birds will determine the type of food to be placed in the supplementary feeder.The "AlimentáRIO" (feeder) is a ceramic supplementary feeding stand/holder that can contain various types of food, in order to test if birds can be attracted close to your home.There are several types of bird food: nectar, seeds, worms, fruit, tallow/lard... And, for each of these types of food, there is a specific type of feeder. The "AlimentáRIO" is a versatile feeder intended to cover all types. Nectar is more suitable for birds that can pollinate during late winter and early spring, when insects are less active. For these reasons, nectar should only be placed in feeders as a food supplement in the winter and autumn.In Portugal, there are some birds that drink nectar, according to Luís Pascoal da Silva , a researcher at CIBIO-inBIO. The scientist states that there are several pollinating birds in Portugal, but the study of the contribution of these birds to pollination is scarce. Seeds - besides the traditional canary seed - can contain sunflower seeds or nuts, such as walnuts and peanuts, depending on the endogenous birds. Fruit is also sought after by some species of birds, namely apples and pears, in addition to other exotic fruits. However, in general, birds can be drawn to any type of fruit. Fat balls are usually tallow/lard balls with seeds and fruits to reinforce supplementary feeding during cold seasons. The "AlimentáRIO" is a suspended wild bird feeder that can be hung in more or less sheltered places, made with materials resistant to the elements, without the need for maintenance. However, its cleaning must be done according to the recommendations referred to in the full article. As already mentioned, the construction materials are low maintenance, and the food container and the deflecting bell jar are made with stoneware - the type of ceramics more resistant to both bumps and thermal variations. The junction of the two parts is made with a nickel-plated threaded rod, covered with an aluminium tube, and all components are joined by manual screw threads, which allows to assemble and disassemble it without the use of any tools, thus facilitating an in-depth cleaning at the end of the supplementary feeding season.The "AlimentáRIO" has a lower part with four concavities for placing food, which allows the possible placement of different types of food at the same time, thus drawing different species. As it is a feeder consisting of a protective and deflecting bell jar, the birds are protected from possible direct attacks from predators and from falling leaves in the autumn. The fact that it is a supplementary feeder that can be hung with a rope makes it difficult for rats and squirrels to get close to the food, given that, if by chance these animals manage to descend on the rope, they must also overcome the challenge of getting through the bell jar (which is a spherical cap) to get to the place where the food is. The results of the placement tests of this supplementary feeder have been reassuring, which show that the feeders foster the approximation of wild birds in relatively short periods of time - between 3 weeks and one month.
Reports on the topic "Land seed protection"
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Bolivar, Ángela, Juan Roberto Paredes, María Clara Ramos, Emma Näslund-Hadley, and Gustavo Wilches-Chaux. Protecting the Land. Inter-American Development Bank, May 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006320.
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We do not live in a vacuum. Instead, we are connected to innumerable other living entities, and our individual vantage point is only one among many. When we hear people talk about protecting the land and the landscape that we enjoy, it may be helpful to consider that each of us has a personal environment, experienced from a particular point of view. This personal environment, the landscape that we see, is made up of and affected by everything we can perceive using our senses -immobile mountains, buildings, and trees; moving animals, cars, and people; changes in light, humidity, and temperatureas well as the interactions among these things. As we observe and influence these interactions, we participate in the process of creating the landscape we experience.
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Salcido, Charles, Patrick Wilson, Justin Tweet, Blake McCan, Clint Boyd, and Vincent Santucci. Theodore Roosevelt National Park: Paleontological resource inventory (public version). National Park Service, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2293509.
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Theodore Roosevelt National Park (THRO) in western North Dakota was established for its historical connections with President Theodore Roosevelt. It contains not only historical and cultural resources, but abundant natural resources as well. Among these is one of the best geological and paleontological records of the Paleocene Epoch (66 to 56 million years ago) of any park in the National Park System. The Paleocene Epoch is of great scientific interest due to the great mass extinction that occurred at its opening (the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event), and the unusual climatic event that began at the end of the epoch (the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum, an anomalous global temperature spike). It is during the Paleocene that mammals began to diversify and move into the large-bodied niches vacated by dinosaurs. The rocks exposed at THRO preserve the latter part of the Paleocene, when mammals were proliferating and crocodiles were the largest predators. Western North Dakota was warmer and wetter with swampy forests; today these are preserved as the “petrified forests” that are one of THRO’s notable features. Despite abundant fossil resources, THRO has not historically been a scene of significant paleontological exploration. For example, the fossil forests have only had one published scientific description, and that report focused on the associated paleosols (“fossil soils”). The widespread petrified wood of the area has been known since at least the 19th century and was considered significant enough to be a tourist draw in the decades leading up to the establishment of THRO in 1947. Paleontologists occasionally collected and described fossil specimens from the park over the next few decades, but the true extent of paleontological resources was not realized until a joint North Dakota Geological Survey–NPS investigation under John Hoganson and Johnathan Campbell between 1994–1996. This survey uncovered 400 paleontological localities within the park representing a variety of plant, invertebrate, vertebrate, and trace fossils. Limited investigation and occasional collection of noteworthy specimens took place over the next two decades. In 2020, a new two-year initiative to further document the park’s paleontological resources began. This inventory, which was the basis for this report, identified another 158 fossil localities, some yielding taxa not recorded by the previous survey. Additional specimens were collected from the surface, among them a partial skeleton of a choristodere (an extinct aquatic reptile), dental material of two mammal taxa not previously recorded at THRO, and the first bird track found at the park. The inventory also provided an assessment of an area scheduled for ground-disturbing maintenance. This inventory is intended to inform future paleontological resource research, management, protection, and interpretation at THRO. THRO’s bedrock geology is dominated by two Paleocene rock formations: the Bullion Creek Formation and the overlying Sentinel Butte Formation of the Fort Union Group. Weathering of these formations has produced the distinctive banded badlands seen in THRO today. These two formations were deposited under very different conditions than the current conditions of western North Dakota. In the Paleocene, the region was warm and wet, with a landscape dominated by swamps, lakes, and rivers. Great forests now represented by petrified wood grew throughout the area. Freshwater mollusks, fish, amphibians (including giant salamanders), turtles, choristoderes, and crocodilians abounded in the ancient wetlands, while a variety of mammals representing either extinct lineages or the early forebearers of modern groups inhabited the land. There is little representation of the next 56 million years at THRO. The only evidence we have of events in the park for most of these millions of years is isolated Neogene lag deposits and terrace gravel. Quaternary surficial deposits have yielded a few fossils...
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Moreda, Fekadu, Benjamin Lord, Mauro Nalesso, Pedro Coli Valdes Daussa, and Juliana Corrales. Hydro-BID: New Functionalities (Reservoir, Sediment and Groundwater Simulation Modules). Inter-American Development Bank, November 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009312.
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The Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) provides financial and technicalsupport for infrastructure projects in water and sanitation, irrigation, flood control, transport, and energy, and for development projects in agriculture, urban systems, and natural resources. Many of these projects depend upon water resources and may be affected negatively by climate change and other developments that alter water availability, such as population growth and shifts in land use associated with urbanization, industrial growth, and agricultural practices. Assessing the potential for future changes in water availability is an important step toward ensuring that infrastructure and other development projects meet their operational, financial, and economic goals. It is also important to examine the implications of such projects for the future allocation of available water among competing users and uses to mitigate potential conflict and to ensure such projects are consistent with long-term regional development plans and preservation of essential ecosystem services. As part of its commitment to help member countries adapt to climate change, the IDB is sponsoring work to develop and apply the Regional Water Resources Simulation Model for Latin America and the Caribbean, an integrated suite of watershed modeling tools known as Hydro-BID. Hydro-BID is a highly scalable modeling system that includes hydrology and climate analysis modules to estimate the availability of surface water (stream flows) at the regional, basin, and sub-basin scales. The system includes modules for incorporating the effects of groundwater and reservoirs on surface water flows and for estimating sediment loading. Data produced by Hydro-BID are useful for water balance analysis, water allocation decisions, and economic analysis and decision support tools to help decision-makers make informed choices among alternative designs for infrastructure projects and alternative policies for water resources management. IDB sponsored the development of Hydro-BID and provides the software and basic training free of charge to authorized users; see hydrobidlac.org. The system was developed by RTI International as an adaptation of RTI's proprietary WaterFALL® modeling software, based on over 30 years of experience developing and using the U.S. National Hydrography Dataset (NHDPlus) in support to the U.S. Geological Survey and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. In Phase I of this effort, RTI prepared a working version of Hydro-BID that includes: (1) the Analytical Hydrography Dataset for Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC AHD), a digital representation of 229,300 catchments in Central America, South America, and the Caribbean with their corresponding topography, river, and stream segments; (2) a geographic information system (GIS)-based navigation tool to browse AHD catchments and streams with the capability of navigating upstream and downstream; (3) a user interface for specifying the area and period to be modeled and the period and location for which water availability will be simulated; (4) a climate data interface to obtain rainfall and temperature inputs for the area and period of interest; (5) a rainfall-runoff model based on the Generalized Watershed Loading Factor (GWLF) formulation; and (6) a routing scheme for quantifying time of travel and cumulative flow estimates across downstream catchments. Hydro-BID generates output in the form of daily time series of flow estimates for the selected location and period. The output can be summarized as a monthly time series at the user's discretion. In Phase II of this effort, RTI has prepared an updated version of Hydro-BID that includes (1) improvements to the user interface; (2) a module to simulate the effect of reservoirs on downstream flows; (3) a module to link Hydro-BID and groundwater models developed with MODFLOW and incorporate water exchanges between groundwater and surface water compartments into the simulation of sur