Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Land policies'
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Lai, Siu-fun Rita, and 黎少芬. "Housing price and government land policies." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1993. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31258256.
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Lai, Siu-fun Rita. "Housing price and government land policies /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1993. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13781297.
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Moore, Michal Charles. "Planning policies and agricultural land values." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.621707.
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Srirangan, K. "Land policies in Delhi : their contribution to unauthorised land development." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1997. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1317649/.
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Government intervention in land markets through public land policies increasingly sought for a more balanced development, better income and wealth distribution, and to satisfy the basic human needs such as housing and essential services in developing countries. Delhi's large-scale land acquisition, development and disposal policy has aimed at orderly growth of planned development, and universal access to housing land through public expropriation, banking, development and delivery. But the policy has been widely criticised for failing to promote planned development and consequently creating large-scale illegal land developments and sales. The present research investigates the impact of Delhi's public land policy on the creation of informal land developments and unauthorised housing in Delhi. The analysis of data gathered from office records and exhaustive structured interviews yield substantial evidence that the large-scale land policy governing the public authority's delivery of land for housing, has indeed been a major contributor to the creation of unauthorised land development and sales. Through interviews with 300 households living on illegally developed land, 106 living on illegally resold (legally developed land), 28 who had illegally resold their plots, and 69 property agents, this study found that the large-scale public land policy has not provided adequate land for housing. The policy's inability to deliver timely and adequate quantities of affordable land in varying parcel sizes, and with flexible lease conditions, was a prime factor in encouraging a large number of households to opt for illegally developed or sold land. The responses of households indicate a substantial number sought illegally to obtain housing land, because the large-scale public land policy failed to offer them legal alternatives that were affordable, adequate in quantity, in the desired time and flexible in their lease conditions. The opportunities to obtain varying sizes of unauthorised plots, at cheaper prices, in the desired time, with flexible payments, and acceptable terms of construction and use have attracted a large number of middle and high income households. Equally, the policy of regularisation of some unauthorised developments has also encouraged investment in additional illegal development. This research also found that the public land policy's failure to deliver the right land to the right person at reasonable prices prompted unauthorised resales of legally developed plots, in effect, downward filtration of high income groups. The higher resale prices that these subsidised plots obtained, and the ability of some households to obtain an allocation of more than one plot encouraged a large number of households to illegally resell plots.
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Larbi, Wordsworth Odame. "Urban land policies and the delivery of developable land in Ghana." Thesis, University of Reading, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240219.
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Bunton, Martin P. "Colonial land policies in Palestine, 1917 - 1936 /." Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press, 2007. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy0801/2007408516.html.
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Al-Yemeni, Mohammed Saad. "Urban land development policies : the case of Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1985. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21466.
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The growth of population, the higher standard of living and all other changes associated with economic growth have been generating pressure on urban land, and consequently on urban land development policies. Under the continuous pressure of urbanization and urban growth, land policies have displayed several weaknesses. As a result urban growth has not been directed in a manner consistant with development goals, as been able to respond to social and cultural needs. The aim of this dissertation is to explain existing land policies, identify the problems of urban land development, the weaknesses of land policies and attempt to find appropriate solutions. This thesis comprises ten chapters. The introductory chapter presents the thesis. The second chapter looks into the phenomenon of urbanization and its impact on urban land. The third chapter defines land policies whilst the fourth discusses and presents the cultural and environmental criteria by which land development and land policies will be evaluated. Chapter five and six examining physical planning policies in Saudi Arabia. Chapter seven evaluate land development and deffine existing urban land problems,it contains three case studies for the purpose of evaluation. Evaluation of land policies against the generated problems of land development are discussed in chapter eight. The ninth chapter presents the thesis recommendations and the final chapter concludes the work and presents some final remarks. In brief, the study concludes that existing land policies are Inadequate to meet the pressure of market forces and to facilitate land improvement. Nevertheless, existing policies have failed to produce an urban pattern compatable with cultural and environmental conditions. These weaknesses include: The failure to provide land for development and urbanisation; The inadequacy of land use controls; Deficient administrative system for development control. In order to overcome the above existing policies weaknesses, the thesis recommended several changes: - To the administration system at the local and regional levels; - To legal and administrative procedure of development controls; and - To the system for providing land for development and urbanization.
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Intigrinova, T. P. "Land, people and post-socialist policies in southern Siberia." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2009. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/18764/.
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The study is based on sixteen months of ethnographic research carried out between 2003 and 2007 in communities practising transhumant pastoralism in the mountainous landscape of southern Siberia. It focuses on centrally defined land policies and their local implementation in the context of post-socialist land reform, with particular reference to the process of land allocation, land titling and the effect of these factors on pastoral resource use and livelihoods. The study compares four sites populated by Buryats and other indigenous people and distinguished by contrasting regimes of land tenure and varying conditions of resource availability. The literature on post-socialist land reform in Russia attributes its slow pace to the control of local elites over resources and shortages of capital and household labour. The present research finds that household livelihoods relying on mobile pastoral production are more economically viable in conditions of labour and capital shortage in comparison with more intensified methods. The viability of local household production coupled with resource shortages stimulated a de facto implementation of central policies in the research area. The study finds that legislative ambiguity and the weaknesses of government implementation mechanisms are significant factors influencing reform. The research findings contribute to scholarly literature on pastoral resource use, underlining the importance of flexible access to grazing as a condition to sustain pastoral resources and livelihoods. It demonstrates that post-socialist land policies aimed at land privatisation exclude certain populations from resource use and increase grazing pressure on common pastures. The most pronounced effect of land privatisation was recorded at the research site where grazing land is scarce. Individual households’ access to resources improves as a function of personal connections, economic wellbeing and the education level of household members. The individualisation of land rights, as the research suggests, accentuates social stratification of pastoral communities in post-socialist settings.
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Morris, Corey M. "Land use and zoning policies case study Central Ohio /." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=ucin1100034835.
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Wang, Xiaodong Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Impacts of greenhouse gas mitigation policies on agricultural land." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/42412.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2008.Includes bibliographical references (p. 155-162).
Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are widely acknowledged to be responsible for much of the global warming in the past century. A number of approaches have been proposed to mitigate GHG emissions. Since the burning of fossil-based fuels is an important source of GHGs, the policies on GHG-mitigation encourage the replacement of fossil-based energy with biomass energy. However, a large-scale development of biomass energy may lead to changes in agricultural land use, which are important sources of GHG emissions, and therefore undermine the effectiveness of GHG-mitigation policies. In this research, I analyze the impacts of GHG-mitigation policies on five types of agricultural land (cropland, managed forestry land, pasture land, un-managed forestry land, and un-managed grassland) as well as carbon stored in such land during the 21st century. The scholars in the MIT Joint Program of Science and Policy on Global Change use the Integrated Global Systems Model (IGSM) to simulate changes in climate in response to GHG-mitigation policies, while the researchers at the U. S. Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL) apply the Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (TEM) to simulate land productivities. Based on the predictions of land characteristics affecting land-use decisions, I develop an econometric model to predict the land use affected by climate, GHGs, and tropospheric ozone at the grid-cell scale of 0.5 * 0.5 longitude by latitude. I use the Emissions Prediction and Policy Analysis (EPPA) model to capture the regional land use driven by economic forces. Then, I develop the downscaling methods to link these two land-use effects. I conduct this research in two scenarios: in the baseline, I assume that there are no policies to mitigate GHG emissions during the 21st century; in the policy scenario, I assume that there are specific policies to limit GHG emissions during the 21st century.
(cont.) I confirm the hypothesis that biomass-energy production would lead to the conversion of the five types of agricultural land, and the carbon stored in such land would decrease; the GHG-mitigation policies, leading to more production of biomass energy and conversion of agricultural land, would cause an even more severe loss of the carbon stored in agricultural land. Although the GHG-mitigation policies would generally reduce the atmospheric GHG emissions by using more energy from biomass, such endeavors would be partly counteracted by the land-use conversion as a result of large-scale production of biomass energy.
by Xiaodong Wang.
Ph.D.
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MORRIS, COREY MICHAEL. "LAND USE AND ZONING POLICIES CASE STUDY: CENTRAL OHIO." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1100034835.
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Wu, Sin-leung Arthur. "The change in land policies of the HKSAR government since 1997." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk:8888/cgi-bin/hkuto%5Ftoc%5Fpdf?B23295417.
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Loughery, Kristen. "Explaining the occurrence of public and private land preservation policies." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 86 p, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1597632391&sid=9&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Freitas, Flavio L. M. "Brazilian land use policies and the development of ecosystem services." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Mark- och vattenteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-206844.
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Concerns related to global environmental changes due to land use changes have been driving international communities towards more sustainable land use systems. Brazil is a country of global strategic importance in this matter considering that it is the nation with the largest extension of preserved tropical native vegetation, recognised for its ecosystem services and high and unique biodiversity. Expansion of forestry and agriculture is taking place rapidly in Brazil, partly over degraded pastureland, but also over native vegetation. Regulating policies to govern and limit this expansion is crucial to ensure the preservation of the ecosystems services provided by native vegetation. This thesis aims at improving the understanding of the potential impacts of prevailing public and private policies in the conservation of nature in Brazil. For this end, the Land Use Policy Assessment (LUPA) model was employed to evaluate potential pathways of implementation of the land use policies. Paper 1 evaluated the effects of current private and public command and control regulations in the protection of above-ground carbon stocks, identifying the most relevant stakeholders holding carbon stocks. The findings suggest that about 10% of carbon stocks are unprotected, where other policy instruments based on the market will be mostly required. Paper 2 performed an assessment of the mechanism for offsetting the legal deficit of native vegetation among landholders, evaluating the different offsetting implementation practices and their impacts on nature protection and socio-economic development. The results indicate that the offsetting mechanism may have little or no additional effects on protection of native vegetation and its ecosystem services because most of the offsetting is likely to take place where native vegetation is already protected by current legislations. However, it is viable to maximise environmental and socio-economic returns from the offsetting mechanism.QC 20170510
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Nqaphi, David Zibekile. "Government policies aimed at combating land degradation in Alfred Nzo District." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/12404.
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Land degradation is a serious problem in communal district of Alfred Nzo, Eastern Cape in South Africa. The root causes of land degradation and soil erosion differ. The causes of land degradation in Alfred Nzo district communal areas are due to soil erosion by wind, water and poor agricultural practices. Rainfall is one of the most important climatic factor that contributed a lot in land degradation in the Alfred Nzo District. Other main factors contributing to land degradation include: Socio-economic factors related to historical land policies and inappropriate land uses, Poor land use planning, Drought and rainfall variability .Land use and management and sand mining. This study tried to pay more focus on the assessment of government policies which aimed at combating land degradation in South Africa in their nature but the area of focus will be Ntabankulu Local Municipality area in the project called Ematolweni Agricultural Co-operative Project. The reason to focus in this project is because they are currently practising crop production under electrified irrigation system but the main obstacle in this project are the dongas which are seemed to be a serious threat to the project site. During rainy seasons the project site is not easily accessible, that hampers access to market. There is also direct and serious effect of land degradation which is food insecurity which is emanating from loss of biodiversity and ground cover, loss of soil productivity, loss of income, decreased yield, and decline in economic productivity and national development. Lastly it is wisely recommended that to reduce the effect of land degradation in Alfred Nzo enlarge, government should strengthen the intervention programmes and provide more support to the LandCare programme which was the concept introduced in Australian and adopted in South Africa in 2001. This programme is assisting at restoring sustainability and productivity to land and water management in both rural and urban areas. It is holistic in nature, encompassing integrated sustainable natural resource management.
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Garba, Shaibu B. (Shaibu Bala). "Urban land policies and low income housing in metropolitan Kano, Nigeria." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61295.
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The scarcity and inaccessibility of land in urban areas has become a major obstacle in the provision of housing to low-income groups in developing countries. This thesis studies the land policies and practices in Metropolitan Kano, Nigeria, and investigates the issues and problems hindering the adequate supply of residential land to low-income groups.The thesis commences with a general study of urban land policies and low-income housing in developing countries. It examines the nature of housing problems in developing countries, the role of land in the housing problems, issues addressed by land policies, and policy measures and strategies used. The general study is followed by a specific study of the land policies and practices in the study area. The policy and institutional management frameworks are identified and examined. The roles of the major institutions are explained. The last section identifies and examines the main issues and problems with the existing policies.
The thesis concludes that actions are necessary to address the identified issues and problems with the policies in order to avoid chaos. Suggestions for policy reform are made.
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Gillfillan, Abigail. "Using geographic information systems to develop and analyze land use policies /." View online, 2008. http://ecommons.txstate.edu/arp/273/.
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Wu, Sin-leung Arthur, and 胡善樑. "The change in land policies of the HKSAR government since 1997." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31966688.
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Ewais, H. M. H. "Land use policies in a cityport with special reference to Alexandria." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.383274.
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Ali, Mohammed. "Evaluation of environmental sustainability of forest land use policies of Bangladesh." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.394570.
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This study focuses on the influences of past forest policies in Bangladesh on environmental sustainability in forest land use and in human attitudes towards forest. The study concludes that colonial policy was inimical to sustainability in forest resource use. The colonial legacy and its prolonged persistence in the post-colonial period left a lasting imprint on the peoples' attitude to forest resources. People came to see themselves as resource users and considered that as government owns the forest, creating forest is the government's responsibility. Afterwards, with increasing population such as imprint has turned out to be a severe threat to the sustainability of forest. The study investigated forest land use policies in Bangladesh from their origin in the British colonial period to the present, aiming to inquire into the development of peoples' attitude to forest land use. Evidence suggests that prior to the colonial era, there were forestry concerns in the administration of ancient Bengal. However, there were no recognisable forest policies in conflict with peoples' culture and tradition. Traditional hill people used to practise both lowland cultivation and semi-permanent upland cultivation for subsistence. From the British era to the present, people have remained alienated from the forest. The long alienation of people from the forest has caused loss of the peoples' trust in the Forest Department. Forestry in Bangladesh still displays colonial influences. As a result, although an international movement is pushing environmental perspectives of forest land use, Bangladesh is facing difficult challenges in changing the attitude of people and of administration which originated from the discourse of colonial policy. However, efforts through the NGOs have seen partial success in participatory forestry. However, for the long-term perspective the policy needs to be reviewed and improved, encompassing the traditional forest areas, serving the interest of the target groups, improving institutional standards, updating the law and order situation and encouraging a changed discourse among the people.
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Odunlami, T. A. "The ineffectiveness of land use policies : A case study of Nigeria." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.382299.
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Piquer-Rodríguez, Maria. "Effects of policies and zoning on future land use in Argentina." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17762.
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Landwirtschaftliche Expansion und Intensivierung treiben die Umwandlung natürlicher Ökosysteme weltweit. Bis heute ist unklar, inwieweit politische Maßnahmen negative Folgen für die Umwelt minimieren können. Die Kombination mit Szenarien-Analysen kann ein Rahmen zur Unterstützung von Planungsprozessen schaffen, um potentielle Auswirkungen von politischen Maßnahmen zu erforschen. Das Ziel dieser Dissertation war es, die Triebkräfte der Veränderung von Argentiniens Agrarlandschaften zu verstehen, potentielle zukünftige Landnutzungsveränderungen zu analysieren und den Einfluss ökonomischer und naturschutzbezogener politischer Maßnahmen auf diese zu erfassen. Im ersten Teil der Dissertation wurden die Triebkräfte landwirtschaftlichen Landnutzungswandels mittels eines Nettoertrags-Modells ermittelt. Danach wurde der Einfluss von ökonomischen und naturschutzbezogenen Maßnahmen auf zukünftige Landnutzungsveränderungen sowie auf die Konnektivität von Waldgebieten mit Hilfe von Landnutzungs-Szenarien analysiert. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass landwirtschaftliche Intensivierung von ökonomischen Maßnahmen getrieben ist, während landwirtschaftliche Expansion durch naturräumliche Eigenschaften und Zonierungsprogramme jenseits der Profitmaximierung determiniert wird. Politische Maßnahmen mögen einen geringeren Einfluss auf Landnutzungswandel haben als bisher erwartet. Die Entwicklung von Agrarland konzentriert sich auf Gebiete mit hoher Priorität für den Umweltschutz. Zonierungsprogramme wie das Argentinische Waldgesetz stellen wirkungsvolle Maßnahmen dar, um umweltschädigenden Entwicklungen vorzubeugen. Die Erkenntnisse zeigen, dass Naturschutz nicht zwingend im Konflikt mit ökonomischer Entwicklung steht, denn mittels Landschaftsplanung kann die Konnektivität von Waldgebieten auch unter gleichbleibenden Abholzungsraten bewahrt werden. Die Dissertation zeigt den Mehrwert von a-priori Evaluierungen der potentiellen Einflüsse von Maßnahmen auf Landnutzungswandel.Agricultural expansion and intensification drive the conversion of natural areas worldwide. Yet, it is not clear where and how much production would need to expand and intensify to meet future demands and how policies may help minimizing environmental trade-offs. Particularly the latter requires an understanding of the underlying forces that drive agricultural land-use changes. This offers a framework for planners and decision makers to explore potential impacts from policies, especially in very dynamic regions. Argentina, where agricultural expansion and intensification result in dramatic conversions of natural areas, is a good example of a dynamic human-environment system. The goal of this thesis was to understand the drivers of agricultural land-use change and to explore future trajectories of land-use change, and how economic and conservation policies may impact them. This thesis examines drivers of agricultural land-use changes using a net returns model of agricultural production. Then, it evaluates the effects of economic and conservation policies on future land-use changes and on the connectivity of forests by developing scenarios of future land-use change. Results highlight that agricultural intensification in Argentina is driven by economic interventions, whereas agricultural expansion primarily responds to environmental characteristics and zonation programs. Economic policies may have less power in governing land use changes than previously thought, as results suggest that there are other factors, than profit maximization, influencing land conversions. Future agricultural development would occur in priority areas for conservation in Argentina, but zonation policies, such as the Forest Law, appear to be powerful in limiting potential environmental trade-offs. Conservation planning does not necessarily need to conflict with economic development, since under similar deforestation rates; landscape planning can preserve forest connectivity in the Chaco.
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JUNIOR, JAIME MASSAGUER HIDALGO. "RELATIONS OF PUBLIC POLICIES AND THE LAND USE FOR CARSHARING SYSTEMS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2015. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=26362@1.
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A dissertação em questão aborda o tema de carsharing, relacionando as políticas públicas para estacionamento de veículos do sistema e as teorias de ocupação e uso do solo. O estudo aborda o histórico do sistema desde a sua aparição na Europa a partir do final da década de 1940 até à presenta data, contextualizando a sua inserção junto à antropologia do consumo e às teorias do planejamento ambiental e urbano. O objetivo do estudo é relacionar as boas práticas para a operação do sistema de carsharing, levando em consideração as diferentes teorias de uso e ocupação do solo e as diferentes políticas de estacionamento adotadas em diversas cidades. O trabalho baseia-se em variados estudos a respeito do tema de carsharing e nas práticas adotadas em municipalidades no Brasil e no exterior. Os dados apresentados neste estudo foram coletados em sites de municipalidades, artigos e publicações relacionadas ao tema. Os dados coletados são apresentados por meio de exemplos e tópicos com a ótica da mobilidade urbana sustentável. As conclusões apontam para as práticas ideais e as alternativas para a inserção do sistema de carsharing a rede de transportes públicos das cidades atuais.According to the IPCC report (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change), 2004, 23 percent of greenhouse gas emissions effects related to energy were originated in the transport sector. More than half of these emissions were generated by the use of light vehicle ride and motorcycles, defined as individual motorized transport. Half of the energy consumed in the transport sector is intended for individual motorized transport. However, it is carrying less than 25 percent of the world s passengers. Despite this low number, traffic accidents are responsible for one million deaths annually and ten million injured people. This number is part of a list of the ten leading causes of death recorded and reported by health agencies around the world, a rate next to malaria and HIV. A survey conducted by the Ministry of Cities in Brazil in conjunction with the National Department (National Traffic Department) in the year of 2005 shows that the costs of traffic accidents in Brazilian roads reached the number of twenty-two billion reais, a figure that represented 12 percent of the Brazilian GDP, taking into account the loss of production associated with the death of individuals or the interruption of its activities, the costs for health care and care with vehicles.
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Moeng, Jemina Kokotsi. "Land reform policies to promote women’s sustainable development in South Africa." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/28709.
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This study focuses on the role that land reform policies have played and are continuing to play in promoting women’s sustainable development in South Africa. The Land Reform Policy and its related Programmes which aim to provide equitable access to land have gathered strength after 1994 and intend to promote participation and involvement of women, youth and people with disabilities. To this effect the study has investigated the effectiveness of the Land Reform Policy and the Programmes with specific reference to women beneficiaries. The topic of the thesis refers to the Land Reform Policies as opposed to only one Land Reform Policy (The White Paper on South African Land Policy of 1997) which was introduced with the aim of integrating the then three existing policies which were later renamed programmes; Redistribution, Tenure Reform and Restitution. The Land Redistribution Programme is based on the Provision of Certain Land Rights for Settlement Act, 1993 (Act 126 of 1993) and Section 25 (b) (5) of the Constitution, 1996. The programme provides for the description of land for settlement purposes and financial assistance to people acquiring land for agricultural purposes. The Land Tenure Reform Programme is based on the Upgrading of Land Tenure Rights Act, 1993 (Act 112 of 1993) and Section 25 (b) (6) of the Constitution, 1996. This programme is aimed at availing and providing security of tenure in different ways to its beneficiaries. The Land Restitution Programme has its basis on the Restitution of Land Rights Act, 1994 (Act 22 of 1994) and Section 25 (b) (7) of the Constitution, 1996. The Restitution of Land Rights Act, 1994 (Act 22 of 1994) provides for the restitution of rights in land to those dispossessed of land in terms of racially based policies of the past. This thesis will therefore make reference to the main Land Reform Policy (WPSALP, 1997) and the Redistribution Programme and its sub-programmes. The role of government has been quite critical in the establishment and implementation of the Land Reform Policies. This is fundamental especially because land reform is a national mandate. There is proven necessity that each government sphere must play its role and support each other towards achieving this call. There is potential to achieve beyond what has been achieved to date if all spheres of government and the relevant stakeholders put enough effort into this and land reform is placed centrally in all government spheres. Formal agreements are necessary between the three spheres of government on ensuring that land reform is implemented successfully and benefits its targets beneficiaries. The study revealed that previous policies and legislations purposefully neglected and isolated women as beneficiaries of any developmental initiatives. The study proved that women are still regarded as the main provider of support to their families and yet have little say in land matters. The way in which the inferiority of women was inculcated was evident in the manner in which women were complacent with their lifestyles and ability to still take care of their families irrespective of the lack of resources. The study mainly discusses the White Paper on South African Land Policy of 1997 in isolation of the other policies even though there is strong mentioning of the Constitution, 1996, the land related legislation which the programmes are based on and the RDP document as some of the policies supporting land reform. The other beneficiary categories as mentioned are equally important but the focus herein is on women. The study applied the qualitative research method towards addressing the study focus challenges. A qualitative study is defined as an inquiry process of understanding based on distinct methodological traditions of analysis that explore a social or human problem. The ability of women to own and utilise land is the focus of the study particularly in terms of promoting sustainable development for women. The desired result out of this study is an enquiry on how has the land reform empowered women towards their sustainable development, as well as what has been the process of ensuring that women have equal access to land. The qualitative research types that have been applied are a combination of case studies, literature review and unstructured interviews. An analysis of the relationship between Public Administration and land reform is undertaken by the study. Within the analysis of the relationship between Public Administration and land reform, focus is on the origin of Public Administration and sustainable development’s perspective to Public Administration. The need to maintain a balance between economic development and environmental protection to ensure generational equity is highlighted as critical for sustained livelihoods. The use of natural resources such as land in an environmentally friendly manner will ensure that future generations can utilise land for their livelihoods as well. The enquiry has revealed that there is a lot of literature on the subject of land reform. Further on, through the unstructured interviews and cases used within the study, women have made a success of the land they received even though support to utilise land was not timeously provided by the relevant Department of Agriculture. The level of education, presence of women on farms, the ability to make decisions and knowledge of business concepts contributed to the women’s success. The study revealed that previous policies and legislations purposefully neglected and isolated women as beneficiaries of any developmental initiatives. The study has proven that women were and still are regarded as the main support for their families and yet do not have any say in what happens on land matters. The way in which the inferiority of women was inculcated was evident in the manner in which women were complacent and satisfied with their lifestyles and ability to still take care of their families irrespective of the lack of resources. The study further emphasises the important role of government in the establishment and implementation of the Land Reform Policies. There is proven necessity that each government sphere must play its role and support each other towards achieving this call. There is potential to achieve beyond what has been achieved to date if all spheres of government put enough effort into this and land reform is placed centrally in all government spheres. Cooperation between the three spheres of government and the beneficiaries of land is necessary towards ensuring that land reform is implemented successfully. The thesis proposes that women should not be regarded as recipients of land only but also as contributors towards the government’s land reform. The lack of support that has been observed in the early years of land transfers to women has only delayed success of women but it did not hamper their continuous production on land. Implementation of these Land Reform Policies has supported women towards their sustainable development and improved livelihoods. The study has also revealed that some of the international countries still face challenges towards the inclusiveness of women in land related initiatives and can exchange success cases and learning with the South African models. The systems model that has been proposed by the study is based on the contribution of all the affected stakeholders and not government alone. The Land Reform Programmes have made a difference in people’s lives but there is work that is still necessary in terms of ensuring cooperation, coordination and strategies that indicate the extent to which government can support women.Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2011.
School of Public Management and Administration (SPMA)
unrestricted
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Fabbriciani, Antonio Antonino. "Land reform policies and human rights : a South African case study." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/502.
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This treatise begins with a discussion of different clauses of the Bill of Rights in the South African Constitution and the land reform policies of the South African government. The inequality and injustice caused by decades of apartheid land law forms the background of the land reform programme. The treatise addresses the consequences of this legacy on the implementation of the South African Constitution including the right to property. The discussion includes the three key elements of the land reform programme namely restitution, redistribution and tenure reform. The content of this treatise ranges over these three elements of land reform, applying constitutional issues to the relevant case law, The balancing and the reconciliation of rights and interest between the individual and the public in a just manner will be the barometer. The conclusion shows that the Constitution both protects existing rights and authorises the promotion of land reform within the framework of Section 25 of the Constitution, and that every aspect of the property clause has to be regarded as part of a constitional effort in balancing individual interest and public interest in terms of a constitutional order. It is my sincere hope that this treatise will contribute toward the achievement of equity, stability and by the values of an open and democratic society based on human dignity, freedom and human rights.
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Majedi, Hamid. "Public acquisition of urban land and allocation for housing and urban development in Iran (1979-1988)." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1996. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1317518/.
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This research aims to examine the effects of the urban land acquisition and allocation programme by the government in Iran on the rate of increase of the prices of urban land and affordablity of housing prices for different income groups in the urban areas of the country during the period 1979 to 1988 which was on the basis of the enactment of three Urban Land Laws after the 1979 revolution. The implementation of these laws limited private ownership of vacant urban land in the country to about 1,000 to 1,500 square metres, depending on the size of the city, with the excess land being acquired by the government. In this respect the Urban Land Organisation under the Ministry of Housing and Urban Development was able to acquire 36,000 hectares through confiscation from the excess of private ownership, 8,258 hectares of private land in return for payment of compensation, and a further 41,272 hectares of land which already belonged to the various public organisations was transferred to its authority. Thereby a total of 85,557 hectares was assembled under the authority of the urban land organisation (ULO). As part of the land policy, the ULO then proceeded to allocate some 10,790 hectares or 12.6 percent of the total assembled land to eligible applicants including private households, housing cooperatives and public and private housing developers for housing construction. This was in addition to the 3,313 hectares or 3.9 percent of the total assembled land which was allocated for the purposes urban services and commercial buildings. In any case, while only 12.6 percent of the assembled land was allocated by the ULO it comprised about 32 percent of the number and 34 percent of the area of land plots for new starts of housing construction during the period 1979 to 1988. The hypothesis of the thesis with regard to the effect of government acquisition and allocation of urban land on the situation of urban land prices and housing in Iran is that between 1979 to 1988 this programme and the resultant activities has on the one hand led to a reduction of the rate of increase of the price of urban land in the market and, on the other, has contributed to the provision of affordable housing units for low and middle income households. The thesis has tested the first part of its hypothesis by collecting and analyzing the trend of development of urban land prices for a 15 year period between 1974 to 1988. The second part of the hypothesis has been tested by calculating the price of housing on ULO allocated and privately owned land and then comparing them with the effective demand of different income groups in the urban areas of the country. The evidence of the analysis for the first part of the hypothesis shows that during the period 1979 to 1988 the average price of one square metre of privately owned land was about 13 times higher than ULO allocated land. More importantly, however, is the trend of development of the price of privately owned land between 1974 to 1988 which shows that after the 1979 revolution average prices of privately owned land always kept below the 1976 figure prior to the revolution and from 1985 on wards the actual increase at constant prices was actually negative. Moreover, with the base year of 1974, the index of the average price of privately owned land for the period 1979 to 1988 was between 58.7 and 207.5 which was much lower than the consumer price index which was between 196.3 and 974.1 for the same period. The index of the average price of urban land for 1975 and 1976 prior to the 1979 revolution, however, is 125.3 and 170.5 which is higher than the consumer price index for the same period which was 109.9 and 128.1. consequently, it can be stated that the evidence from the analysis for the first part of the hypothesis supports its proposition in that the enactment and implementation of the aforementioned urban land policy after the 1979 revolution has led to a reduction of the rate of increase of urban land prices in the market between the period 1979 to 1988. The result of the analysis for the second part of the hypothesis on the other hand shows that on the basis of the recommended floor area of 75 square metre for housing units built on ULO allocated land, which was recommended by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Development, such units were in the main affordable to all income categories including all those in the low income groups. The units built on privately owned land were in the main only affordable to income groups 8-10 which comprised the high income groups and in 1987 and 1988 even income groups 8-9 of the high income groups were excluded from these units. More importantly, however, the analysis shows that even with bigger floor areas including the actual average floor area of urban housing units for the period 1979 to 1988, which ranged between 132 to 162 square metres during the stated period, the units built on ULO allocated land were still much more affordable to the low and middle income groups than the units built on privately owned land which would still be in the main unaf fordable to the low income groups. This difference in affordablity also applies to small units 50-75 square metres built on the two different categories of land. The result of the analysis for the second part of the hypothesis, therefore, also supports its proposition in that the enactment and implementation of the aforementioned urban land policy after the 1979 revolution has contributed to the provision of affordable housing units for low and middle income households in the period 1979 to 1988.
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Chapelle, Guillaume. "Land and the housing market : three essays on the role of land and its implications for public policies." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017IEPP0003/document.
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Cette thèse analyse les principaux mécanismes du marché du logement en s’intéressant au rôle des contraintes foncières naturelles et réglementaires et à l’impact des politiques publiques. Le premier chapitre met en perspective le rôle de la terre au cours des derniers siècles en montrant que si l’importance de la terre a progressivement reculé jusqu’au milieu du XXe siècle, elle a été remplacée par l’importance croissante du foncier résidentiel. Le second chapitre tente d’estimer l’un des paramètres clé du marché du logement : l’élasticité prix. Il montre que ce concept recouvre deux notions différentes, l’une décrit la réaction des promoteurs suite à une augmentation des prix alors que la seconde décrit la croissance des prix de l’immobilier accompagnant le développement urbain. Il montre que les marchés de l’immobilier des aires urbaines françaises sont inélastiques. Le troisième chapitre analyse l’impact du dispositif Scellier sur les marchés locaux et montre que son impact quantitatif a été limité. Enfin le quatrième chapitre étudie l’effet d’éviction du logement privé par le logement socialThis dissertation analyzes the mechanisms of the French housing market documenting its constraints and the impact of several housing policies. It aims to increase our understanding of the mechanisms at work on this very particular market where land has a key role. The first chapter tries to document the place of land through the past decades. Some economists have been documenting a steady decline of its importance during the XIX and XX centuries. However, such decline was progressively balanced by the sharp appreciation of housing wealth and more particularly its land component. The second chapter tries to understand the origin of this rise in residential land value documenting one of the key parameter of the housing market: the supply elasticity of the French urban areas. This chapter starts defining two different concepts related with the supply elasticity. The first one is the intensive margin supply elasticity and designates the reaction of developers following a short run increase in housing prices. The second one describes how real estate price vary when a city is growing. It shows that French urban areas are less elastic than their US counterparts. The third chapter uses a natural experiment, the Scellier Housing Tax Credit (STC) and shows that it had a limited quantitative impact on the housing production. The fourth chapter documents the crowding out effect of private construction by social housing
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Al-Khalisi, Abrahim Jawad. "Comparative Analysis of Resettlement Policies in Third World Countries." PDXScholar, 1993. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4609.
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Settlement policy in the Third World has been stimulated by the availability of public land. This availability of public land has prompted many Third World countries to adopt policies or schemes called resettlement, transmigration, or land development. These have been presented as potential means for addressing numerous agendas held by Third World countries. Settlement policies have been used to increase agricultural production and make idle land productive. Spatial imbalances of population distribution have been addressed via settlement policies. For national security, settlement policies have been used to exploit frontier lands. Solutions to serious political problems including lack of agricultural self-sufficiency, poverty, landlessness, and unemployment have been sought through settlement policies. Huge amounts of financial resources have been invested in Third World planned settlements, however, their performance has not been very encouraging. If not completely abandoned by settlers, the settlements gave officials, planners, and policy makers cause for serious concern. For the most part, settlements have been costly relative to the number of settlers. In many instances, agricultural productivity was low. I have presented comparative case studies of land settlement policies which examine the factors that accounted for the success or failure of resettlement projects. I examined the resettlement projects from the point of view of the settlers in relation to the objectives of the policy makers. This study reports the findings of case studies concerning Iraq, Somalia, Ethiopia, the United Republic of Tanzania, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Israel. A comparative analysis of land settlement policies in Third World nations with varying political, social, and economic conditions is presented. It will be shown that land settlement policies in Third World countries, by and large, failed to reach objectives and are not now viewed as viable options for land development.
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Dixit, Shweta. "Modeling Emission Footprints of Sustainable Land Use Policies at Local Jurisdictional Level." Thesis, George Mason University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10616646.
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Sustainable land use practices are redefining the urban form, mobility and therefore the transportation planning processes. Regional travel demand models are not sensitive to variables associated with land use practices at neighborhood level, such as transit-oriented developments (TOD). The first objective of this research is to quantify and compare land-use specific emission footprints at the household level (grams/household) for TOD and Non-TOD areas. Household travel survey data is used to stratify households into various TOD and Non-TOD zones. A comparison of means for emission footprints between Non-TOD and TOD land uses indicated that Non-TOD emission footprints are much higher than the TOD footprints and the differences are statistically significant. On the other hand, the differences amongst pairs of TODs and pairs of Non-TODs showed no statistical significance.
As its second major objective, the research proposes a disaggregate methodology (the Methodology) that is sensitive enough to sustainable land use policies and allows planners to quantify emission impacts of the policies at sub-regional level. At the center of the Methodology is a sub-regional travel demand model with finer TAZ resolution than what is represented in the regional model for the same sub-region. Different land use scenarios, including TODs, and transit patronages are represented in the experimental implementation of the Methodology for Loudoun County, VA, which is a rapidly growing suburban county in the metropolitan Washington D.C. area. Loudoun County’s brisk growth, its emphasis on sustainable land use and transportation planning, and recent expansion of Metro rail service in to the County presented a unique opportunity to develop and experiment with TOD scenarios in the end-to-end (from planning to modeling) implementation of the Methodology. The effectiveness of the Methodology is demonstrated by the results, which show that emission reductions can be achieved by sustainable land use policy implementation at sub regional level. Furthermore, unlike the regional models, the Methodology is found to adequately model sensitivity of emissions to land use, area type and facility type as established by statistical validation using analysis of variance technique.
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Nathananan, Montri. "Theoretical essays on trade policies, mergers and foreign direct investment." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2003. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11142/.
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This thesis is a collection of theoretical essays in the area of trade policies, mergers and foreign direct investment. We employ partial equilibrium analysis to investigate various issues concerning the above topic. In the first chapter we review theoretical works that investigate the links between trade policy and merger activity. We focus our attention on Falvey (1998) which analyses the effects of tariff policy on mergers and reaches the conclusion that tariffs tend to encourage mergers involving small firms based in the restricting country but discourage mergers involving small firms based in the non-restricting country. In the second chapter we extend Falvey (1998) to include the effects of the quotas on merger profitability. The quotas tend to discourage mergers involving small firms from both restricting and non restricting countries. When a ranking of the tariff and the quota regimes can be made, mergers gains are larger under the equivalent quota regime. In the third chapter we investigate tariff and quota equivalence when firms have the option of direct investment. High tariffs induce a foreign firm to switch from trade to investing directly in the home country. Restrictive quotas, however, induce a foreign firm to engage in direct foreign investment in addition to trade. The two regimes are not always equivalent especially in terms of the level of imports. In the fourth chapter we use game theory to investigate the interaction between welfare maximising home government and a foreign firm capable of choosing the direct foreign investment option. If the foreign firm move first, it may pre-empt the home government by committing to the direct investment option if the optimal tariff is expected to be high. If the home government move first, it may need to set the tariff below the optimal level so that direct foreign investment is not induced.
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Chang, Sze-ming Lawson. "Examination of land use policies, household income and price of small residential units in Hong Kong (1985-1995)." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25803621.
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Juan, He. "China's real estate policies and real estate market responses." View electronic thesis, 2008. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2008-3/r3/juanh/hejuan.pdf.
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Pang, Lai-fai Willy, and 彭禮輝. "An appraisal of the existing environmental protection policies and itsimplications on land use planning." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B30269052.
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Wang, Shu. "Effects of land policies and development strategies on housing : a case of Hong Kong." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/97957.
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Thesis: S.M. in Real Estate Development, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Real Estate Development in conjunction with the Center for Real Estate, 2015.Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 72-74).
The objective of this thesis is to investigate the effects of land supply on housing prices in Hong Kong. Studies will be carried out to define whether there are any correlation between land supply, housing supply and residential property prices. In order to better understand Hong Kong's housing market, this study will first present a background of establishment of Hong Kong's land tenure system, land administration system and the government's land sale process, while trying to answer the question of whether the perceived shortage in housing supply is a direct consequence of the shortage in government's land supply. The study then examines the concentration of market shares among a handful of developers and the high barrier to entry that have resulted in such anti-competitive environment. The study analyzes the leading developers' competitive advantages in terms of land bank and financial strength, and their housing supply strategies in relation to the government's land supply decisions. This paper will then insert the theoretical findings into realistic settings of Hong Kong's housing development industry, and apply the methodology of event study to detect the impact of real estate companies' development strategies and how it alters the perceived relationship between the supply of land and the supply of housing. By simultaneously considering the effects of development strategies with government land policies, the paper aims to better evaluate governments measure to regulate housing market and hope to recommend more effective policies on residential land supply in Hong Kong.
by Shu Wang.
S.M. in Real Estate Development
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Okot, Betty J. "The social dimensions of post-conflict land relations and policies in Acholiland, northern Uganda." Thesis, Keele University, 2017. http://eprints.keele.ac.uk/4156/.
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Since the Lord's Resistance Army's (LRA) retreat from Acholiland in Notthern Uganda (2006), widespread land conflicts were publicised in n1any areas of the district. This 0111its, the success of 1nuch of the resettle1nent process. This ethnography of relations over land and state policies, dc1nonstrates how despite years of rcforn1s, custon1aty tenure in Acholiland, continued in practice. T'hc study recognises, con1n1ercial pressures regarding custotnary tenute and urban and peri-urban land registration. In arguing that what is happening in Acholiland today is focused on people's relationships with land, the thesis goes beyond earlier studies of the war and its immediate aftermath. Most land disputes in Acholiland are very distinct and arc not widespread among kin resettling on patrimonial land. Major conflicts often arise out of a land grab by elite/ individuals, including foreigners who occupy powerful positions - the land grab is concentrated, in one part of Acholiland -- the oil rich areas. Despite the violence and loss of lives, land disputes met with an organised response from some Acholi politicians and community, this appears to have prevented the alienation of large tracts of land. The cultural leaders under the Ker Kwaro Acholi (KKA) institution, often deal with a second type of prevalent land disputes, among returnees outside their descent group. Such community-level disputes, arc resolved successfully through traditional modes of mediation and the resettlement is progressing well, as people work the land. In Acholiland, land is the foundation for livelihoods, identity, spirituality and social security. These tenets, create a discourse and movement of revival around the land. Indeed, mobilisation against land grab in the district created a movement of land activism, which has been relatively successful. Hence, the LR.A war becomes, in the thesis a window into the past and a basis for connecting the present with the past and the future.
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Pang, Lai-fai Willy. "An appraisal of the existing environmental protection policies and its implications on land use planning /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B17313740.
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Armstrong, David Martin. "Education, training and unemployment in Northern Ireland : an empirical analysis of outcomes and policies." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1997. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/108371/.
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This thesis contains four main analytical chapters. The first three examine some specific issues relating to the school-to-work transition in Northern Ireland. These are based on an econometric analysis of microeconomic survey data, containing work-history and family background information on a single cohort of young people aged 16-18. The main findings of these chapters are as follows: firstly, decisions about destinations post-16 are significantly influenced by factors relating to the school attended by the young people up to the age of 16. In particular, young people from schools which perform well, in terms of overall examination performance and attendance rates, are more likely to remain in full-time education, ceteris paribus. This can be interpreted in terms of aspects of ‘school culture' such as the attitudes and aspirations of pupils and teachers, which have received considerable attention in the educational literature. Secondly, psychometric tests which are used as part of the careers guidance process do not significantly affect young people’s experiences of unemployment post-16. Qualitative evidence suggests that this can be attributed to some aspects of test administration in Northern Ireland, such as blanket testing and feedback on test results, which in many cases fall short of recommended guidelines. Thirdly, the majority of young people in Northern Ireland who leave school at age 16 enter Further Education (FE) colleges or vocational training schemes such as the Youth Training Programme (YTP). The choice between these two activities does not significantly influence young people’s chances of gaining additional qualifications between the ages of 16 and 18. Rather, there are factors common to both, such as lack of entry level qualifications, which have a more significant influence. The fourth analytical chapter examines the nature and extent of hidden unemployment amongst adult males in Northern Ireland. The analysis in this chapter is non-econometric and is based mainly on a descriptive analysis of data from the 1991 Census of Population and the Labour Force Survey. The research found that there are a large number of jobless people who can be considered to be unemployed, but who do not appear in official unemployment figures. The majority (around two thirds) of these are registered as long-term sick, and the remainder are on government employment or training programmes, or unemployed teenagers who are not eligible to claim benefits.
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Shannon, Bill. "Brokers, land bankers, and birds of evil omen the effect of land policies on settlement in Upper Canada, Collingwood township, 1834-1860." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5621.
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Ohlsson, Bo. "Farmers and forest land use in Lao PDR and Vietnam /." Umeå : Dept. of Forest Resource Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2009. http://epsilon.slu.se/200918.pdf.
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Halabi, Mohamad-Bassim. "Illegitimate settlements in West Beirut : a manipulation of tenure policies and class struggle over land." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/74345.
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Chianchiano, Sara. "Women Without a Blanket. The Effects of Land Grabbing in Tanzania: Between Policies and Rights." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Institutionen för kultur och samhälle, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-37784.
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Land is a fundamental resource, both as a source of livelihood and as a symbol of identity andbelonging. This is threatened by a global phenomenon, land grabbing, the practice of acquiring andinvesting in land on a large scale, often enabled by national policies. Land grabbing erodes people’sland rights and in particular women’s rights. In Tanzania, marginalisation leads women to be morevulnerable not only through the loss of land – the blanket – but as the main targets of witchcraftaccusations. The latter often arise within land disputes, where litigants might resort to accusation toprevent the woman from claiming her right to land. This thesis aims to explore the effects of landgrabbing on social and gender relations; and to provide a policy framework in response to theseeffects.
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Apey, Alfredo. "Agricultural restructuring and coordinated policies for rural development in Chile." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1995. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6202/.
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Despite a successful process of economic growth in Chile principally engineered by a dramatic rise and diversification of primary exports since the late 1970s, rural poverty is still a widespread condition throughout the country; nearly 40 per cent of the rural population are affected by this condition. From a geographical perspective, rural poverty in Chile is a complex result of different intervening factors. The adoption of outward-oriented strategies of development since the mid-1970s has initiated some new trends that have adversely affected a significant segment of the rural population. Thus, one of the results of the socio-productive change, which can be observed in the Chilean countryside, is a growing number of landless peasants and an aggressive market for agricultural land. New lands have been required for the expansion of export-led primary resources, notably agricultural and forestry. In parallel, the developing of a seasonal structure of labour demand has become an additional constraint affecting the rural labour force and the quality of life in rural areas. Within the institutional framework of the government rural problems have been largely perceived as a responsibility of the Ministry of Agriculture. However, usually the main difficulties affecting rural population are not only related to productive concerns but they are also associated with a wider number of inter-sectoral constraints (e.g. availability and access to housing, social services and infrastructure, to grass root organisations, to culture and recreation among others). So, any attempt oriented to increase rural development transcends unisectoral policies. This study has three main general aims. First, it attempts to explore the background to rural poverty in Chile in a national and international context. Secondly it examines the regional evolution of agriculture in a highly-competitive framework. In this context, a comparison is made of a region that has been transformed by export-led agriculture with a region whose products have not been competitive internationally and, indeed, have found it difficult to remain competitive in the national market. Thirdly, it pretends to present and evaluate an intersectoral attempt by the democratic government of President Patricio Aylwin to alleviate rural poverty through better organisation and coordination of ministerial responsibilities dedicated to rural areas. The vehicle for improving horizontal coordination was the Interministerial Commission for Rural Development-CIDER. The regional focus was the VII Region (Maule), a region that had not benefited from export-led agriculture.
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Lee, Wai-ying Joanna. "The translation of sectoral policies into the three-tier planning system in Hong Kong : a case study of South-East Kowloon reclamation /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21041519.
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Perez, Francisco J. "Effects of Land Legalization in the Agrarian Dynamics of the Indigenous Communities of Alta Verapaz, Guatemala." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1125873972.
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Conley, Hazel Margot. "Temporary labour in the public sector : employers' policies and trades union responses in social services and schools." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2000. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/2958/.
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Labour market flexibility is an issue that has been much debated but remains controversial. It is argued in this thesis that the lack of theoretical and empirical clarity which has impeded the study of flexibility has resulted from two main deficiencies. The first is that although the public sector has been identified as a major site of flexible forms of labour, the systematic study of this phenomenon has been largely absent. The second is that flexibility as a concept has obscured forms of employment relations that are distinct. One aim of this thesis was therefore to refocus the theoretical debates by drawing together a number of literatures that have so far remained discrete. This analysis provided the basis for a clearer empirical study by identifying the relationship between restructuring public sector employment, specifically in social services and schools, and one aspect of labour market flexibility: temporary labour. A review of previous research indicated that temporary work is likely to affect women, minority ethnic groups and young workers to a greater extent than the wider population. The literature also highlighted the statistical and managerial bias in the debates and in doing so indicated the need for new perspectives and methods to be adopted to further an understanding of issues that surround flexibility. The research for this thesis therefore examined temporary labour in the public sector from the perspective of employers, workers and trade unions in two case study local authorities and LEAs using qualitative methods. By adopting this approach the research data indicated that employers' conflicting motivations to use temporary labour are exacerbated by decentralised management functions. Personalised and arbitrary management associated with devolved powers highlighted a number of characteristics associated with temporary employment contracts. The central feature was the enhanced power imbalance in favour of employers created by the insecurity inherent in this form of employment, which resulted in forms of control that were gendered and racialised. The experience of temporary workers reflected these findings and emphasised the vulnerability of their situation. The trade union position on temporary work was however ambivalent, displaying a combination of responses even within branches of the same union, raising serious questions for trade union democracy.
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Boitier, Baptiste. "Development of a land use module for the applied economic model NEMESIS : application to european policies." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00594243.
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Cette thèse a pour objet le développement d'un module d'utilisation des sols compatible avec le modèle NEMESIS, qui est un modèle économique détaillé de l'Union Européenne. Cette thèse a également pour objectif d'utiliser conjointement le modèle NEMESIS et le module d'allocation des sols pour analyser les effets de plusieurs politiques européennes et notamment leurs impacts sur l'économie et l'utilisation des sols. Le premier chapitre décrit d'une part la construction de la base de données d'utilisation des sols et d'autre part, explique le développement du module d'allocation des sols au niveau des États de l'Union Européenne, en utilisant des fonctions d'offre et de demande de terre agricole et un modèle d'expansion des terres urbaines. Le second chapitre traite, au travers de deux applications, du problème de la construction de scénarios en modélisation appliquée. Un premier scénario, construit suivant une approche dite tendancielle, est présenté de façon détaillée et analysé. Ce scénario sert également de référence pour les évaluations des politiques européennes. Une seconde application propose quatre scénarios élaborés suivant une approche dite " imaginative", c'est-à-dire en imaginant différentes possibilités d'évolution contrastée des principales variables motrices de la croissance économiques. Le troisième chapitre présente la construction et le fonctionnement d'une combinaison de différents modèles ou " chaîne de modèles ". Celle-ci sera utilisée pour l'évaluation économique et environnementale d'une politique de libéralisation de l'agriculture européenne avec ré-allocation des fonds aux contribuables ou à l'aide à la recherche et développement. Cette " chaîne de modèles " combinele modèle NEMESIS avec un modèle agricole détaillé (CAPRI), un modèle de gestion des forêts (EFISCEN )et un modèle détaillé d'allocation des sols (Dyna-CLUE). Enfin le dernier, et quatrième chapitre, présente, après la construction d'indicateurs sur l'utilisation des nutriments dans l'agriculture, l'évaluation des conséquences économiques de deux politiques européennes : d'une part, une politique de biodiversité caractérisée par l'augmentation des forêts protégées ou par une production agricole extensive et d'autre part une politique de soutien au développement des biocarburants au niveau européen.
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Combe, Colin. "Monitoring the conformance of planning decisions to urban land use policies using Information Extraction and GeoVisualisation." Thesis, Edinburgh Napier University, 2008. http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/2455.
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In this thesis two existing computer science techniques are used to solve a specific problem in the field of ‘spatial planning'. The problem to be addressed is monitoring the conformance of planning decisions to urban land use policies. ‘Monitoring conformance' refers to adherence to development plans and must be distinguished from monitoring performance, which looks at whether or not the plan met its objectives. The two computing techniques applied to the problem are Information Extraction (IE) and GeoVisualisation (GV). IE is an approach to the automated processing of text. This thesis demonstrates that the restricted subset of language used in the short texts present in planning applications makes them ideally suited to IE methods. GV is an approach to the interactive analysis of geographical data. Its use was motivated by two factors. Firstly, it is necessary to avoid the assumption of a simple relationship between policy and implementation – many different policies may apply to a particular decision. These may be weighted differently and are open to interpretation. Hence, statistical conclusions, such as ‘there is 80% conformance to policy', are never drawn. Instead the visualisation leaves the interpretation of the results open to the user. It is through the details-on-demand functionality of visualisation tools that this link to the user's own background knowledge is made. Secondly, the prototype user interface developed exemplifies the use of GV to explore geo-temporal patterns in the data. This was motivated by the knowledge that policies change over time. Evaluation work is conducted which shows that policy-makers can see reflections of the conformance of decision making to urban land use policies in the GV tool. The computational techniques used have been brought together and applied to the domain in a novel way, which assists in addressing the problem identified. A number of more theoretical questions are also considered along the way.
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Montsho, Oduetse. "Caught in between policies: the intertwined challenges of access to land and housing in Gaborone, Botswana." Master's thesis, Faculty of Science, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/33858.
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A thorough examination of policies and guidelines tailored towards enabling access to land and housing in Gaborone suggests incongruences' inherent in these strategies. Besides, planners and policymakers' continuous oversight to recognise the complexities of the urban everyday survival strategies and the lived experiences of the populace needs to be investigated. Numerous interventions have been introduced to facilitate land and housing access for low-income households in Gaborone. Even so, restricted access to these assets remains an enormous task, proven complex and problematic to resolve. The empirical evidence specifies the predominant situation articulated by a clash of rationalities between policies and everyday socio-economic practices of access to land and housing by low income households in Gaborone. The investigation of these tensions between policies promoting access to land and housing and the advocacy of the Self-Help Housing Agency as the primary rationale for home building and ownership by low-income households in Gaborone was articulated through policy assessment and analysis. Furthermore, in-depth interviews to appreciate the affected populace's lived experiences in response to the practicality of these policies was conducted. In terms of findings, this research has established that urban environments are persistently transformed with new configurations relating to access to land and housing frequently surfacing. Moreover, urban land and housing management policies fail to get in touch with the complexities of grassroots experience with access to land and housing in Gaborone. There is also the entrenchment of low-income households in a vicious circle of poverty and living precariously at the urban fringes with no security of tenure and affordable housing opportunities. All these experiences and practices resonate with the current endeavours to evaluate the realities of accessing land and housing resources in cities, as well as their correlation with promoting livelihood strategies for low-income households.
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Sukati, M. A. "The EC bioethanol blend mandate policy : its effect on ACP sugar trade and potential interaction with EPA policies." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2013. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/13043/.
Full textAbstract:
The study aim was to determine effects of the EC bioethanol blend mandate policy and its potential interaction with the EPA policies on EU/ACP countries. The research analysis focussed on welfare outcomes, changes in trade balance and output of bioethanol crops commodities due to these policies. Emphasis of our analysis was placed on sugar given the economic importance of this commodity to many ACP member states. Absence of an EU bioethanol partial equilbrium model means we had to design one from certain assumptions. One of the assumptions was that subsidies support EU bioethanol production such that just enough is produced to meet the 5.75% and 10% EC blend mandate requirements. For this reason, EU bioethanol production did not affect transport fuel demand and prices. Using the GTAP model, the study has found that the EC bioethanol blend mandate policy increases bioethanol crops commodities prices resulting in global welfare loss that is highest in the EU region. However, the EC bioethanol blend mandate policy also increases bioethanol crops commodities production in ACP countries and promote ACP export of these commodities to the EU. The EU is able to produce all bioethanol requirements from local sugar beet production. Increasing the amount of sugar beet in bioethanol production minimizes the effect on global food prices and offers greatest benefits to ACP countries through promotion of their sugar industries. Trade liberalising EPA policies result in welfare gain for regions engaged in them. However, the EC bioethanol blend mandate policy’s interaction with the EPA policies result in welfare loss, which is again highest in the EU. Combination of the EC bioethanol blend mandate/EPA policies also promotes ACP bioethanol crops production and export. Overall, the study has contributed to our understanding of biofuel policies and their potential global effects on food markets especially in ACP countries.
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Nilsson, Fredrik Olof Laurentius. "Applied economics of multifunctional agriculture : policies, costs and trends /." Uppsala : Dept. of Economics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2008. http://epsilon.slu.se/200846.pdf.
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