Journal articles on the topic 'Land capability and soil productivity'
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Ingle, Sagar N., M. S. S. Nagaraju, Priya S. Gadge, D. P. Deshmukh, and N. R. Dange. "GIS based Land Use Suitability of Diversified Cropping Systems in Bareli Watershed." International Journal of Economic Plants 8, no. 4 (November 28, 2021): 231–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.23910/2/2021.0431a.
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A study was undertaken to evaluate the soils in Bareli watershed, Seoni district of Madhya Pradesh for sustainable land use planning. Five soil series namely, Diwartola, Diwara, Bareli-1, Bareli-2 and Bareli-3 were tentatively identified and mapped into twenty-four mapping units and a soil map was generated using remote sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques. The land information generated during soil survey has been used to evaluate land capability, land irrigability, soil productivity and soil-site suitability for some medicinal, aromatic and spices crops. The soils were grouped into land capability sub-classes IVs and IVst and land irrigability sub-classes 2st, 3s, 3st and 4st. Soils of Diwartola, Bareli-1 and Bareli-3 were average and soils of Diwara and Bareli-2 were poor in soil productivity based on limitations of erosion, drainage and physicochemical properties. Soil-site suitability assessment reveals that soils of Bareli-1 were moderately suitable (S2) for cultivation of medicinal and spices crops like Ashwagandha, Mucana, Davana, Lemongrass, Turmeric and Ginger with moderate limitations of effective depth and slope, while, soils of Diwartola and Bareli-3 were marginally suitable (S3) for cultivation of these crops.
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Swafo, Seome Michael, and Phesheya Eugine Dlamini. "Unlocking the Land Capability and Soil Suitability of Makuleke Farm for Sustainable Banana Production." Sustainability 15, no. 1 (December 27, 2022): 453. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15010453.
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Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is experiencing an increase in food insecurity, which is fueled by both high population growth and low agricultural productivity. Smallholder farmers are seriously affected by low soil fertility, land degradation, and poor agronomic management practices that reduce crop productivity. Therefore, there is a huge need for reliable soil information to support agricultural decision-making in smallholder farms to ensure sustainable agricultural production. However, most studies focused on land capability and soil suitability do not consider the spatial variability of soils and their inherent properties. The main objectives of this study were (1) to survey, classify and characterise soils at Makuleke farm in order to derive and map the land capability classes and (2) to quantify the physical and chemical properties of the soils in order to derive and map the suitability classes. A field survey and classification of soils led by transect walks complemented by auger holes revealed existential spatial variation of soils across the 12 ha banana plantation. The dominating soil forms in the plantation were Hutton, Westleigh, Glenrosa and Valsrivier. Land capability analysis revealed that 17% of the 12 ha portion of the farm had very high arable potential, while 60% had medium arable potential, 6% of the farm had low arable potential and 17% was considered non-arable. Subsequent soil suitability analysis revealed that 12% of the farm is highly suitable, 34% is moderately suitable, 38% is marginally suitable and 16% is permanently not suitable for banana production. The variable capability of the land and suitability of soils for banana production led to notable yield gaps. The in-depth description and quantification of the productive capacity of the land is pivotal to the farmers at Makuleke farm as it unlocks their true potential and such information is crucial to effectively manage the soil and utilize the land for sustainable banana production.
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Mujiyo, Mujiyo, Suntoro Suntoro, Rifa Rizhandion Akbar, and Rahayu Rahayu. "Mapping of Agricultural Land Use Change and Effect on Land Capability as a Basis for Land Use Direction in Nguntoronadi-Indonesia." International Journal of Agriculture System 10, no. 1 (July 9, 2022): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/ijas.v10i1.3644.
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The occurrence of conversion of agricultural land can cause erosion proneness, low fertility soils, and decreased land productivity. Land conversion requires an evaluation of land capability, as a basis for direction to maintain land productivity. This study aims to determine the rate of conversion of agricultural land, land capability class, the determinants of land capability, and direction of land management on initial land and converted land in agricultural land, Nguntoronadi District, Karanganyar Regency. The method used is a survey, with the research area divided into 6 LMU (Land Map Units) represented by 6 sample points in each LMU including 3 points on fixed land and 3 points on converted land, resulting in 36 samples determined by purposive sampling. The research stages include; 1) Pre survey, 2) Survey, 3) Post survey. The results of the study show that the land-use change from 2011 to 2020 covers an area of 258.56 ha and a rate of 28.73 ha per year. The land capability of the research area on fixed land and converted land is classified into land capability III and class IV. Factors that determine land capability include soil erodibility and drainage. The recommended direction for land use and management for Nguntoronadi District is the provision of green manure, making terracing, and making drainage irrigation
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Miller, F. P., and M. K. Wali. "Soils, land use and sustainable agriculture: A review." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 75, no. 4 (November 1, 1995): 413–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss95-061.
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Viewing soils in the full context of landscape ecology is imperative. Both land and its component soil resources are finite. The biological capability of the earth’s ecosystems is limited, even though agriculture productivity has been manipulated by genetic selection of plants, adjusting nutrient flows, managing water, and controlling pests. However, these interventions also have serious economic and environmental repercussions. Increasing populations require more space, more food, more fuels and more of other resources. For soil scientists, the challenge is to (a) understand soil processes, (b) characterize and map soil resources, and (c) predict soil behavior under a variety of potential uses in the interest of providing society and its governing institutions with options and trade-offs in land use decisions. Global and regional economic and agricultural productivity will depend solely on our ability to increase productivity by (a) making economic–agricultural development congruent with ecological and social–political realities, (b) proper use and conservation of indigenous genetic resources, and (c) rehabilitating disturbed and degraded ecosystems. In this review, we assess these considerations and suggest needed strategies. Key words: Productivity, sustainable agriculture, land use, food security, soil quality
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BENNETT, D. R., and T. ENTZ. "IRRIGATION SUITABILITY OF SOLONETZIC SOILS IN THE COUNTY OF NEWELL, ALBERTA." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 70, no. 4 (November 1, 1990): 705–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss90-072.
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A 5-yr study was conducted in the County of Newell to monitor soil salinity and sodicity, water-table levels and crop production on Solonetzic soil associations under normal irrigation management practices. All soil associations consisted of at least 50 percent Solonetzic Order soils, with Brown Solod as the dominant subgroup at all but one site. Changes in soil quality were monitored through regular measurements of water-table levels, annual fall sampling and chemical analysis of soils. Irrigation practises used by farmers did not permanently raise water-table levels at any of the sites irrigated by center pivots. Changes in soil salinity or sodicity as a result of irrigation were generally not statistically significant, suggesting that the salt status of soils at most sites did not change appreciably over the 5-yr period. The relatively low productive capability of land units dominated by Solonetzic soils was evident in the low yield and by a high degree of variability in yield within individual sites. Careful irrigation management partially compensated for some of the soil limitations in these Solonetzic soil landscapes; however, due to the low productivity observed, modification of existing land classification standards to allow irrigation of Solonetzic soils is not presently recommended. Key words: Irrigation suitability, Solonetzic soils, productive capability
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LÉVESQUE, M., S. P. MATHUR, and H. DINEL. "ADMIXING ORGANIC OVERLAYS AND MINERAL SUBLAYERS OF SHALLOW PEAT SOILS FOR IMPROVING SOIL PRODUCTIVITY." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 68, no. 4 (November 1, 1988): 775–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss88-075.
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This growth room and greenhouse study with 13 subsoils and organic overlays was aimed at developing crop choices and strategies for continued land use of shallow organic soils and at refining the criteria used for assessing the long-term agricultural capability of deep organic soils. Soil materials from four geoprovinces in Canada were mixed in various volume/volume proportions to provide 25 different soil media. Root, leafy vegetable and grass crops were grown on each soil. All pots were adequately fertilized and watered. A gyttja-layer of marine-fecal origin that acidifies rapidly on exposure to air was rendered productive on admixing with an adjacent layer rich in Ca-containing molluscan-shells. Generally, all clay, sand and silt sublayers improved on admixing with organic overlays. At the same time, the organic overlays did not become markedly less productive on being mixed with mineral sublayers in 1:1 volume proportions except when the sublayers were clays. Yields decreased when clays formed more than 25% of the mixture by volume, particularly when the crops grown were vegetables. Key words: Peat soils, soil management, soil productivity
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Udoh, B. T., and T. O. Ibia. "Fertility capability classification for agricultural land use planning in the beach sands area of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria." Agro-Science 21, no. 2 (June 22, 2022): 74–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/as.v21i2.8.
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Soil survey and fertility capability classification (FCC) were carried out in an area mostly underlain by the beach ridge sands (BRS) parent material in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. The study applied the FCC in agricultural land use planning for efficient land management and optimal agricultural productivity of the beach soils. Field and laboratory data were obtained from 40 pedons located across eight Local Government Areas on the BRS parent material. From the results of field and laboratory studies, 11 FCC units were identified in the area. Based on similarities in certain soil profile characteristics, the 11 FCC units were grouped into four agro-ecological units (AEUs): (i) poorly drained FCC units with sandy topsoil over sandy subsoil, grouped to form AEU-A, covered 65.00% of study area; (ii) well drained FCC units with sandy topsoil over sandy subsoil, formed AEU-B and covered 22.50% of study area; (iii) poorly drained FCC units with sandy topsoil over loamy subsoil or loamy top- and sub- soils, formed AEU-C and covered 7.50% of study area; (iv) well drained FCC units with sandy topsoil over loamy subsoil, which formed AEU-D, occupied 5.00% of study area. The result of this study has shown that FCC can be employed as a simple but efficient tool in agricultural land use planning. Major soil profile characteristics used to differentiate land units within the beach sands area of Akwa Ibom State are drainage and texture.
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Abu-Hashim, Mohamed, Ahmed Sayed, Martina Zelenakova, Zuzana Vranayová, and Mohamed Khalil. "Soil Water Erosion Vulnerability and Suitability under Different Irrigation Systems Using Parametric Approach and GIS, Ismailia, Egypt." Sustainability 13, no. 3 (January 20, 2021): 1057. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13031057.
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Preserving the sustainable agriculture concept requires identifying the plant response to the water regime and rationing the water for irrigation. This research compares different irrigation designs coupled with a parametric evaluation system on soil water erosion and soil suitability to assess the sites vulnerable to soil erosion based on a soil water erosion model (ImpelERO) in an area of 150.0 hectares, Ismailia Governorate, Egypt. Land suitability maps are prepared using the Geographic Information System (GIS), and the soil properties are analyzed and evaluated for the different surface, sprinkler, and drip irrigation methods. The results show that the sprinkler and drip irrigation strategies are more practical irrigation methods and additional environment friendly than surface irrigation for enhancing land productivity. Moreover, the principle acumen for creating use of the surface irrigation on this space is for lowering the soil salinity. Land capability index for surface irrigation ranges from 20.5 to 72.2% (permanently not suitable N2 to moderately suitable S2); and the max capability index (Ci) for drip irrigation was 81.3% (highly suitable-S1), while the mean capability index (Ci) was 42.87% (Currently not suitable-NI). The land suitability of the study area using sprinkler irrigation was ranked as highly suitable (S1), moderately suitable (S2), marginally suitable (S3), and currently not suitable (N1). Thus, the obtained data indicated that applying drip irrigation (trickle irrigation) was the most efficient system compared to the sprinkle and surface irrigation systems. To identify the soil, water erosion vulnerability, and soil optimal management strategies for the agricultural parcel in that region, the ImpelERO model (soil erosion vulnerability/impact/management) was applied. Erosion risk classes ranged from V2 (small) to V3 (moderate), that that region categorized as small-sensitive to water erosion by alfalfa, to moderate-sensitive to water erosion by olive. The results of soil losses varied from 7.1 to 37.9 t ha−1 yr−1 with an average of 17.7 t ha−1 yr−1. Thus, guarantee efficient water use and soil suitability for food production in the future will require the use of an efficient irrigation system.
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Caldas, Anildo, Teresa Pissarra, Renata Costa, Fernando Neto, Marcelo Zanata, Roberto Parahyba, Luis Sanches Fernandes, and Fernando Pacheco. "Flood Vulnerability, Environmental Land Use Conflicts, and Conservation of Soil and Water: A Study in the Batatais SP Municipality, Brazil." Water 10, no. 10 (September 29, 2018): 1357. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10101357.
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In many regions across the planet, flood events are now more frequent and intense because of climate change and improper land use, resulting in risks to the population. However, the procedures to accurately determine the areas at risk in regions influenced by inadequate land uses are still inefficient. In rural watersheds, inadequate uses occur when actual uses deviate from land capability, and are termed environmental land use conflicts. To overcome the difficulty to evaluate flood vulnerability under these settings, in this study a method was developed to delineate flood vulnerability areas in a land use conflict landscape: the Batatais municipality, located in the State of São Paulo, Brazil. The method and its implementation resorted to remote sensed data, geographic information systems and geo-processing. Satellite images and their processing provided data for environmental factors such as altitude, land use, slope, and soil class in the study area. The importance of each factor for flood vulnerability was evaluated through the analytical hierarchy process (AHP). According to the results, vast areas of medium to high flood vulnerability are located in agricultural lands affected by environmental land use conflicts. In these areas, amplified flood intensities, soil erosion, crop productivity loss and stream water deterioration are expected. The coverage of Batatais SP municipality by these vulnerable areas is so extensive (60%) that preventive and recovery measures were proposed in the context of a land consolidation–water management plan aiming flood control and soil and water conservation.
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Renaldi, Dito Cahya, I. Nengah Surati Jaya, and Omo Rusdiana. "Study on Community’s Land Allocation in Long Pahangai District." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 3, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 564. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v3.i3.pp564-571.
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<p>Land use allocation for community has been a crucial process for supporting the spatial allocation either at the regency or provincial level. This study was emphasized on the analysis of land allocation at the district level. The study applied a linear programming approach to optimize the land use in Long Pahangai District then linked with the spatial information. The optimization considered several factors, i.e., land productivity, the degree of erosion and the preference of the community living in the study area. To support the optimization, the availability of land use was determined by considering the land capability using the query tools in the Geographic Information System. The level of land capability applied five constraints, namely, slope, drainage, soil texture, effective depth and erosion. The study found that the optimal allocation of land use in the study area are primary forest of 6,635.11 ha (25.19%), secondary forest of 19,025.7 ha (71.9%), mixed plantation area of 289.61 ha (1.1%), settlement area of 8.3 ha (0.03%) and rice field of 487.35 ha (1.844%). This optimal allocation might increase the community income per capita by approximately 80% from 9,602,000.- to 17,275,171.-/capita/ha/year. </p>
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Das, Sumanta, Malini Roy Choudhury, Subhasish Das, and M. Nagarajan. "Earth Observation and Geospatial techniques for Soil Salinity and Land Capability Assessment over Sundarban Bay of Bengal Coast, India." Geodesy and Cartography 65, no. 2 (December 1, 2016): 163–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/geocart-2016-0012.
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Abstract To guarantee food security and job creation of small scale farmers to commercial farmers, unproductive farms in the South 24 PGS, West Bengal need land reform program to be restructured and evaluated for agricultural productivity. This study established a potential role of remote sensing and GIS for identification and mapping of salinity zone and spatial planning of agricultural land over the Basanti and Gosaba Islands(808.314sq. km) of South 24 PGS. District of West Bengal. The primary data i.e. soil pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC) and Sodium Absorption ratio (SAR) were obtained from soil samples of various GCP (Ground Control Points) locations collected at 50 mts. intervals by handheld GPS from 0–100 cm depths. The secondary information is acquired from the remotely sensed satellite data (LANDSAT ETM+) in different time scale and digital elevation model. The collected field samples were tested in the laboratory and were validated with Remote Sensing based digital indices analysisover the temporal satellite data to assess the potential changes due to over salinization. Soil physical properties such as texture, structure, depth and drainage condition is stored as attributes in a geographical soil database and linked with the soil map units. The thematic maps are integrated with climatic and terrain conditions of the area to produce land capability maps for paddy. Finally, The weighted overlay analysis was performed to assign theweights according to the importance of parameters taken into account for salineareaidentification and mapping to segregate higher, moderate, lower salinity zonesover the study area.
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Kumar, Pushkin. "Monitoring and Analysis of Degraded Land in Rasulabad Block of Kanpur Dehat District Using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 8 (August 31, 2021): 2413–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.37768.
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Abstract: Land degradation is seen as a development or additional that reduces current and/or potential soil capability to produce products and goods. This implies a decline from a higher to a lower state due to a decline in land capacity, productivity, and biodiversity loss. This can be both natural and human-induced. Natural causes embody earthquakes, tsunamis, droughts, avalanches, landslides, volcanic eruptions, floods, tornadoes, and wildfires. Whereas human-induced soil degradation results from land clearing and deforestation, inappropriate agricultural practices, improper management of industrial effluents and wastes, over-grazing, careless management of forests, surface mining, urban sprawl, and commercial/industrial development. Inappropriate agricultural practices embody excessive tillage and use of heavy machineries, excessive and unbalanced use of inorganic fertilizers, poor irrigation and water management techniques, chemical or pesticide overuse, inadequate crop residue and organic carbon inputs, and poor crop cycle planning. Some underlying social causes of soil degradation in Asian nation square measure land shortage, decline in per capita land handiness, economic pressure onto land, land occupancy, poverty, and population increase.. The aim of the current study is to prepare baseline data to combat land degradation and conserve land resources in an economical and efficient manner. To assess land degradation with the help of Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographical Information System (GIS) – in Rasulabad Block of Kanpur Dehat district, Uttar Pradesh, different levels of analysis were performed to estimate the extent of land. Degradation to assess saline or salt-free soils and calcareous or sodium soils and to match this data with satellite studies. The spatial variability of these soil parameters was shown in soil maps created in a GIS environment. A temporary study of the 2017 and 2021 Sentinel satellite datasets was done to find the parameters that are responsible for land degradation. The severity of land degradation was calculable quantitatively by analyzing the physico-chemical parameters within the laboratory to see salinity and sodicity of soils and further correlating them with satellite-based studies. The pH varied between 7.1 and 8.2, electrical conductivity (EC) between 0.23 and 0.6 miliSiemens/m and the methyl orange or total alkalinity between 0.095 and 0.225 (HCO3 ) gL-1 as CaCO3. The spatial variability in these soil parameters was pictured through soil maps generated in a GIS environment with the help of IDW Interpolation. The results revealed that the soil in the study area was exposed to salt intrusion, most of the soil samples of the study area were slightly or moderately saline with a few salt-free sites. Moreover, the majority of the soil samples were calcareous and a few samples were alkaline or sodic in nature. Keyword: Land degradation, Sodic land, Saline land, GIS, IDW Interpolation.
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Dominati, E. J., A. D. Mackay, J. M. Rendel, and P. N. Smale. "Looking to the future of land evaluation and farm planning." Journal of New Zealand Grasslands 78 (January 1, 2016): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/jnzg.2016.78.529.
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Land evaluation has a long history of describing and quantifying the sustainable productive capacity of land. There is a global recognition of the need for this discipline to start recognising the services beyond food production provided by landscapes, as well as the impacts land uses have on receiving environments. An ecosystems approach was used to extend land evaluation to include additional outcomes and was paired with farm system optimisation to explore farm system design. The approach was tested on a sheep and beef farm to explore the added benefits of steep land retirement for flood mitigation and soil conservation and potential trade-offs with farm productivity. The approach showed successfully that it is possible to aim for multiple benefits ranging from increased profit to decreased environmental footprints. Such capability to define and include ecological boundaries within which resources should be managed is a feature that analytical farm system frameworks will require into the future. Keywords: multi-functional land evaluation, ecosystem services, farm system, optimisation
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Dumedah, Gift, Evans Kyeremanteng, and Ema Dari. "Spatial Targeting of Soil Loss Using RUSLE in GIS: the case of Asokore Mampong Municipality, Ghana." Journal of Applied Geospatial Information 3, no. 1 (January 22, 2019): 166–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.30871/jagi.v3i1.1029.
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Soil erosion is a serious environmental problem that is associated with societal impacts including flooding, poor water quality, and loss of plant nutrient leading to low agricultural productivity. Soil erosion wears away the top soil and is controlled by the interaction between several factors including rainfall, steepness of slope, length of slope, vegetation cover, and land management practices. This study developed Geographic Information System (GIS) graphical model based on the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE), to calculate soil loss in the Asokore Mampong Municipality of the Ashanti region, Ghana. The estimated soil loss was examined the spatial patterns of soil loss and intensity per areas, as an important method for proper planning of management measures. The graphical model was developed using the popular open source GIS software, QGIS, ensuring the availability of the model, automation for any specific area, and its execution to the general public. Data sources used include Digital Elevation Model (DEM) derived from ASTER (Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer), soil properties data obtained from the Global Soil Grids, land cover data from the Global Land Cover by National Mapping Organization (GLCNMO), NDVI (normalized difference vegetation index) data from MODIS (MOD13Q1, 16 Day), and rainfall data from GPCC version 7 (Global Precipitation Climatology Centre). Our results show high levels of soil loss (in tons per hectare per year) in the Municipality, with the capability to spatially target mitigation measures leading to cost effective environmental management.
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Guidolini, Janaína, Jean Ometto, Gustavo Arcoverde, and Angélica Giarolla. "Environmental Land Use Conflicts in a Macroscale River Basin: A Preliminary Study Based on the Ruggedness Number." Water 12, no. 5 (April 25, 2020): 1222. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12051222.
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Inadequate land use planning is one of the main driving forces leading to the occurrence of erosion and environmental degradation. The negative impacts of poor planning influence soil physical quality and fertility, agricultural productivity, water quality and availability, biodiversity and other ecosystem services. In some areas, actual land use is not consistent with potential use. When this occurs, the area is termed as being in environmental land use conflict. Many studies have demonstrated the efficiency of the ruggedness number (RN) method for determining land use potential in watersheds. The RN method is simple and can be carried out using geographic information systems (GIS). However, the absence of potential land use or agricultural land suitability assessments is recurrent in territorial management plans or integrated water resources plans (IWRP), especially for macroscale river basins. Therefore, the aim of this preliminary study is to identify possible environmental land use conflicts at the Rio Grande Basin (BHRG), Brazil, using the Ruggedness Number. The results indicate high agricultural use potential and the predominance of appropriate or acceptable soil use at the BHRG. However, class 1, 2 and 3 environmental conflicts were identified in some Rio Grande sub-basins, suggesting greater environmental degradation risks. The findings clearly indicate that more exhaustive studies on environmental quality (soil capability, water, biodiversity) are required at the BHRG, especially in environmental land use conflict areas. We emphasize that this is an important preliminary study which may be carried out in any other macroscale hydrographic basin.
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Powter, Chris, Neil Chymko, Gordon Dinwoodie, Darlene Howat, Arnold Janz, Ryan Puhlmann, Tanya Richens, et al. "Regulatory history of Alberta's industrial land conservation and reclamation program." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 92, no. 1 (January 2012): 39–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss2010-033.
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Powter, C. B., Chymko, N. R., Dinwoodie, G., Howat, D., Janz, A., Puhlmann, R., Richens, T., Watson, D., Sinton, H., Ball, J. K., Etmanski, A., Patterson, D. B., Brocke, L. K. and Dyer, R. 2012. Regulatory history of Alberta's industrial land conservation and reclamation program. Can. J. Soil Sci. 92: 39–51. Alberta first legislated the requirement to reclaim land disturbed by industrial activities in 1963 with the enactment of the Surface Reclamation Act. In 1973 the Land Surface Conservation and Reclamation Act introduced the concept of conservation and added new regulated industries and an approvals process. In 1993 the Environmental Protection and Enhancement Act linked reclamation and remediation in a single Act. Alberta's industrial land conservation and reclamation program developed over 48 yr from an initial focus on surface debris removal and safety to increasing emphasis on returning ecological function and minimizing cumulative effects. The program has been influenced by various factors, includingregulatory policies and objectives, education and expectations of stakeholders and the public, educational background and expertise of regulators, advances in science, technology and industry practices, type and scale of land disturbances, intended post-reclamation land use, and working with partners. Vigorous discussion and debates on productivity vs. capability, reclamation vs. restoration, reclamation vs. remediation, conservation vs. reclamation, land vs. water and scientific possibilities vs. practical realities have shaped the program's direction. This review will provide insights for other jurisdictions dealing with the need to balance industrial development and environmental protection in the face of growing public awareness and scrutiny.
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Cai, X., Z. L. Yang, J. B. Fisher, X. Zhang, M. Barlage, and F. Chen. "Integration of nitrogen dynamics into the Noah-MP land model v1.1 for climate and environmental predictions." Geoscientific Model Development Discussions 8, no. 5 (May 27, 2015): 4113–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmdd-8-4113-2015.
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Abstract. Climate and terrestrial biosphere models consider nitrogen an important factor in limiting plant carbon uptake, while operational environmental models view nitrogen as the leading pollutant causing eutrophication in water bodies. The community Noah land surface model with multi-parameterization options (Noah-MP) is unique in that it is the next generation land surface model for the Weather Research and Forecasting meteorological model and for the operational weather/climate models in the National Centers for Environmental Prediction. In this study, we add capability to Noah-MP to simulate nitrogen dynamics by coupling the Fixation and Uptake of Nitrogen (FUN) plant model and the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) soil nitrogen dynamics. This incorporates FUN's state-of-the-art concept of carbon cost theory and SWAT's strength in representing the impacts of agricultural management on the nitrogen cycle. Parameterizations for direct root and mycorrhizal-associated nitrogen uptake, leaf retranslocation, and symbiotic biological nitrogen fixation are employed from FUN, while parameterizations for nitrogen mineralization, nitrification, immobilization, volatilization, atmospheric deposition, and leaching are based on SWAT. The coupled model is then evaluated at the Kellogg Biological Station – a Long-term Ecological Research site within the U.S. Corn Belt. Results show that the model performs well in capturing the major nitrogen state/flux variables (e.g., soil nitrate and nitrate leaching). Furthermore, the addition of nitrogen dynamics improves the modeling of the carbon and water cycles (e.g., net primary productivity and evapotranspiration). The model improvement is expected to advance the capability of Noah-MP to simultaneously predict weather and water quality in fully coupled Earth system models.
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Cai, X., Z. L. Yang, J. B. Fisher, X. Zhang, M. Barlage, and F. Chen. "Integration of nitrogen dynamics into the Noah-MP land surface model v1.1 for climate and environmental predictions." Geoscientific Model Development 9, no. 1 (January 15, 2016): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-1-2016.
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Abstract. Climate and terrestrial biosphere models consider nitrogen an important factor in limiting plant carbon uptake, while operational environmental models view nitrogen as the leading pollutant causing eutrophication in water bodies. The community Noah land surface model with multi-parameterization options (Noah-MP) is unique in that it is the next-generation land surface model for the Weather Research and Forecasting meteorological model and for the operational weather/climate models in the National Centers for Environmental Prediction. In this study, we add a capability to Noah-MP to simulate nitrogen dynamics by coupling the Fixation and Uptake of Nitrogen (FUN) plant model and the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) soil nitrogen dynamics. This model development incorporates FUN's state-of-the-art concept of carbon cost theory and SWAT's strength in representing the impacts of agricultural management on the nitrogen cycle. Parameterizations for direct root and mycorrhizal-associated nitrogen uptake, leaf retranslocation, and symbiotic biological nitrogen fixation are employed from FUN, while parameterizations for nitrogen mineralization, nitrification, immobilization, volatilization, atmospheric deposition, and leaching are based on SWAT. The coupled model is then evaluated at the Kellogg Biological Station – a Long Term Ecological Research site within the US Corn Belt. Results show that the model performs well in capturing the major nitrogen state/flux variables (e.g., soil nitrate and nitrate leaching). Furthermore, the addition of nitrogen dynamics improves the modeling of net primary productivity and evapotranspiration. The model improvement is expected to advance the capability of Noah-MP to simultaneously predict weather and water quality in fully coupled Earth system models.
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Lóczy, Dénes, Gergely Tóth, Tamás Hermann, Marietta Rezsek, Gábor Nagy, József Dezső, Ali Salem, Péter Gyenizse, Anne Gobin, and Andrea Vacca. "Perspectives of land evaluation of floodplains under conditions of aridification based on the assessment of ecosystem services." Hungarian Geographical Bulletin 69, no. 3 (October 2, 2020): 227–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.15201/hungeobull.69.3.1.
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Global climate change has discernible impacts on the quality of the landscapes of Hungary. Only a dynamic and spatially differentiated land evaluation methodology can properly reflect these changes. The provision level, rate oftransformation and spatial distribution of ecosystem services (ESs) are fundamental properties of landscapes and have to be integral parts of an up-to-date land evaluation. For agricultural land capability assessment soil fertility is a major supporting ES, directly associated with climate change through greenhouse gas emissions and carbon sequestration as regulationg services. Since for Hungary aridification is the most severe consequence of climate change, water-related ESs, such as water retention and storage on and below the surface as well as control of floods, water pollution and soil erosion, are of increasing importance. The productivity of agricultural crops is enhanced by more atmospheric CO2 but restricted by higher drought susceptibility. The value of floodplain landscapes, i.e. their agroecological, nature conservation, tourism (aesthetic) and other potentials, however, will be increasingly controlled by their water supply, which is characterized by hydrometeorological parameters. Case studies are presented for the estimation of the value of two water-related regulating ESs (water retention and groundwater recharge capacities) in the floodplains of the Kapos and Drava rivers, Southwest Hungary. It is predictable that in the future land evaluation techniques based on the FAO framework will be more dynamic and integrated with the monetary valuation of ESs. The latter task, however, still involves numerous methodological problems to solve.
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Setiawan, A., B. S. Wignyosukarto, A. P. Rahardjo, and Yakubson. "A Proposed Improvement of Belanti II Tidal Irrigation Scheme, Kalimantan, to Support Leaching of Acid Sulphate Soil Reclamation." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 930, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 012011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/930/1/012011.
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Abstract The reclamation process of acid sulphate soil of the Belanti II tidal irrigation scheme remains unfinished. During ebb tide, the upstream acidic drainage water retains and settles in the irrigation canals. During high tide, the acidic water flows back into some parts of the agricultural land and reduces rice productivity. The measured pH is about 2.5 ~ 3.5 and the measured electric conductivity is about 0,25 ~ 0,35 mS/cm. Sedimentation in the middle to the end of the primary, secondary, and collector canals and tidal pond at the upstream end of the primary canal, preventing the leaching process of sulfuric acid soil. Primary canal normalization as an alternative solution to increase the capability of acidity leaching is proposed. Leaching the acidic soil of Belanti II irrigated area of 3.976 ha requires 500 m3/ha/day of freshwater, equivalent to 1.998.000 m3/day. The one-dimensional HEC RAS mathematical model is used to evaluate the hydraulics performance to support the leaching process. The hydraulic analysis was carried out using two tidal cycles on the existing channel and the normalized channel. Channel normalization has succeeded in reducing the water supply deficit to support the leaching process from 39% to 9%.
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De Benedetto, Daniela, Emanuele Barca, Mirko Castellini, Stefano Popolizio, Giovanni Lacolla, and Anna Maria Stellacci. "Prediction of Soil Organic Carbon at Field Scale by Regression Kriging and Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines Using Geophysical Covariates." Land 11, no. 3 (March 4, 2022): 381. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11030381.
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Knowledge of the spatial distribution of soil organic carbon (SOC) is of crucial importance for improving crop productivity and assessing the effect of agronomic management strategies on crop response and soil quality. Incorporating secondary variables correlated to SOC allows using information often available at finer spatial resolution, such as proximal and remote sensing data, and improving prediction accuracy. In this study, two nonstationary interpolation methods were used to predict SOC, namely, regression kriging (RK) and multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS), using as secondary variables electromagnetic induction (EMI) and ground-penetrating radar (GPR) data. Two GPR covariates, representing two soil layers at different depths, and X geographical coordinates were selected by both methods with similar variable importance. Unlike the linear model of RK, the MARS model also selected one EMI covariate. This result can be attributed to the intrinsic capability of MARS to intercept the interactions among variables and highlight nonlinear features underlying the data. The results indicated a larger contribution of GPR than of EMI data due to the different resolution of EMI from that of GPR. Thus, MARS coupled with geophysical data is recommended for prediction of SOC, pointing out the need to improve soil management to guarantee agricultural land sustainability.
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Jaya Negara, I. Dewa Gede, Lilik Hanifah, Humairoh Saidah, and Saiful Anwar. "Karakteristik Infiltrasi dan Potensi Irigasi di Lahan Kering Kecamatan Bayan Kabupaten Lombok Utara." JURNAL SAINS TEKNOLOGI & LINGKUNGAN 7, no. 1 (June 25, 2021): 134–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jstl.v7i1.239.
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Agricultural development with horticultural crops on dry land is one of the government's efforts to increase dry land productivity so that new paddy fields are created in the Bayan area. Noting that land infiltration capability and its classification are important factors needed in irrigation planning to support the development of horticultural agriculture, so it is necessary to conduct field research on this matter. This study aims to determine the characteristics and classification of land infiltration and determine the trend of irrigation that can be applied. Field infiltration tests were carried out in Anyar and Sukadana villages with 4 test points each. The infiltration rate test in the field was carried out using a double ring infiltrometer and a soil test at the Geotechnical Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, Unram. Analysis of the data used Horton's formula as a comparison and the results of the analysis were presented in the form of tables and graphs, conclusions were made descriptively. The results showed that the average infiltration rate in Anyar Village was at point 1 = 26.90 cm/hour, point 2 = 14.94 cm/hour, point 3 = 27.33 cm/hour, and point 4 = 8.21 cm/hour with soil including sandy clay. Infiltration rate classification of points 1 and 3 is very fast, point 2 is fast and location 4 is rather fast. For Sukadana Village the infiltration rate was obtained at point 1 = 43.52 cm/hour, point 2 = 36.67 cm/hour, point 3 = 12.86 cm/hour, and point 4 = 10.97 cm/hour, with the condition sandy clay soil. Sukadana's infiltration rate classification points 1 and 2 are very fast and points 3 and 4 are rather fast. Based on the results of the infiltration test, for very fast and fast infiltration, it is potential to apply jet irrigation such as sprinklers or perforations and for rather fast infiltration, drip irrigation can be applied with limited drip system
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Thomas, G. A., G. W. Titmarsh, D. M. Freebairn, and B. J. Radford. "No-tillage and conservation farming practices in grain growing areas of Queensland - a review of 40 years of development." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 47, no. 8 (2007): 887. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea06204.
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Early agricultural practices in Queensland inadvertently led to accelerated soil erosion. During the 1940s, the Queensland Government initiated a soil conservation service that worked with the principles of matching land use with its capability, as well as runoff management using earth structures such as contour banks and grassed waterways. A concerted effort began in the 1960s to develop and adapt farming systems that maximised retention of crop residues to maintain surface cover to complement the earthworks. Investigation and promotion of farm machinery capable of dealing with high stubble levels commenced in the mid-1970s. Demonstrations of the benefits of reduced and no-tillage conservation farming practices for improved productivity and soil conservation also began at this time. The combined research, development and extension efforts of farmers, grower organisations, agribusiness and government agencies have contributed to an increase in the understanding of soil–water–crop interactions that have led to the adoption of no-tillage and conservation farming practices in Queensland. In 2005, the overall area under no-tillage was ~50% of the cropping land in the main grain growing areas of southern and central Queensland, but was potentially as high as 85% among some groups of farmers. Conservation farming practices, in their many forms, are now regarded as standard practice, and the agricultural advisory industry is involved considerably in providing advice on optimum herbicide application and crop rotation strategies for these practices. Factors hindering greater adoption of no-tillage include: farmer attitudes and aspirations, machinery conversion or replacement costs, buildup of soil and stubble-borne plant diseases, use of residual herbicides that may limit crop options, dual use of land for grazing and cropping, herbicide resistance, buildup of hard-to-kill weeds, the need for soil disturbance in some situations, and concerns by farmers about the effects of herbicides on the environment and human health. Developments that may aid further adoption of no-tillage systems include: ongoing machinery modifications that allow greater flexibility in the cropping systems, refinement of controlled traffic farming and precision agriculture, improved crop resistance or tolerance to plant diseases associated with stubble retention, availability of more crop options and rotations, development of a broader spectrum of effective herbicides and the use of genetic modification technologies to breed herbicide-resistant crops.
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Padhee, S. K., B. R. Nikam, S. P. Aggarwal, and V. Garg. "Integrating effective drought index (EDI) and remote sensing derived parameters for agricultural drought assessment and prediction in Bundelkhand region of India." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-8 (November 27, 2014): 89–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-8-89-2014.
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Drought is an extreme condition due to moisture deficiency and has adverse effect on society. Agricultural drought occurs when restraining soil moisture produces serious crop stress and affects the crop productivity. The soil moisture regime of rain-fed agriculture and irrigated agriculture behaves differently on both temporal and spatial scale, which means the impact of meteorologically and/or hydrological induced agriculture drought will be different in rain-fed and irrigated areas. However, there is a lack of agricultural drought assessment system in Indian conditions, which considers irrigated and rain-fed agriculture spheres as separate entities. On the other hand recent advancements in the field of earth observation through different satellite based remote sensing have provided researchers a continuous monitoring of soil moisture, land surface temperature and vegetation indices at global scale, which can aid in agricultural drought assessment/monitoring. Keeping this in mind, the present study has been envisaged with the objective to develop agricultural drought assessment and prediction technique by spatially and temporally assimilating effective drought index (EDI) with remote sensing derived parameters. The proposed technique takes in to account the difference in response of rain-fed and irrigated agricultural system towards agricultural drought in the Bundelkhand region (The study area). <br><br> The key idea was to achieve the goal by utilizing the integrated scenarios from meteorological observations and soil moisture distribution. EDI condition maps were prepared from daily precipitation data recorded by Indian Meteorological Department (IMD), distributed within the study area. With the aid of frequent MODIS products viz. vegetation indices (VIs), and land surface temperature (LST), the coarse resolution soil moisture product from European Space Agency (ESA) were downscaled using linking model based on Triangle method to a finer resolution soil moisture product. EDI and spatially downscaled soil moisture products were later used with MODIS 16 days NDVI product as key elements to assess and predict agricultural drought in irrigated and rain-fed agricultural systems in Bundelkhand region of India. Meteorological drought, soil moisture deficiency and NDVI degradation were inhabited for each and every pixel of the image in GIS environment, for agricultural impact assessment at a 16 day temporal scale for Rabi seasons (October–April) between years 2000 to 2009. Based on the statistical analysis, good correlations were found among the parameters EDI and soil moisture anomaly; NDVI anomaly and soil moisture anomaly lagged to 16 days and these results were exploited for the development of a linear prediction model. The predictive capability of the developed model was validated on the basis of spatial distribution of predicted NDVI which was compared with MODIS NDVI product in the beginning of preceding Rabi season (Oct–Dec of 2010).The predictions of the model were based on future meteorological data (year 2010) and were found to be yielding good results. The developed model have good predictive capability based on future meteorological data (rainfall data) availability, which enhances its utility in analyzing future Agricultural conditions if meteorological data is available.
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Sur, Chanyang, Do-Hyuk Kang, Kyoung Jae Lim, Jae E. Yang, Yongchul Shin, and Younghun Jung. "Soil Moisture–Vegetation–Carbon Flux Relationship under Agricultural Drought Condition using Optical Multispectral Sensor." Remote Sensing 12, no. 9 (April 25, 2020): 1359. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12091359.
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Agricultural drought is triggered by a depletion of moisture content in the soil, which hinders photosynthesis and thus increases carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations in the atmosphere. The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between soil moisture (SM) and vegetation activity toward quantifying CO2 concentration in the atmosphere. To this end, the MODerate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS), an optical multispectral sensor, was used to evaluate two regions in South Korea for validation. Vegetation activity was analyzed through MOD13A1 vegetation indices products, and MODIS gross primary productivity (GPP) product was used to calculate the CO2 flux based on its relationship with respiration. In the case of SM, it was calculated through the method of applying apparent thermal inertia (ATI) in combination with land surface temperature and albedo. To validate the SM and CO2 flux, flux tower data was used which are the observed measurement values for the extreme drought period of 2014 and 2015 in South Korea. These two variables were analyzed for temporal variation on flux tower data as daily time scale, and the relationship with vegetation index (VI) was synthesized and analyzed on a monthly scale. The highest correlation between SM and VI (correlation coefficient (r) = 0.82) was observed at a time lag of one month, and that between VI and CO2 (r = 0.81) at half month. This regional study suggests a potential capability of MODIS-based SM, VI, and CO2 flux, which can be applied to an assessment of the global view of the agricultural drought by using available satellite remote sensing products.
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Gull, Dar Sarvat, and Ayaz Mehmood Dar. "Modeling Runoff and Sediment Yield in Highly Gullied Regions of Kashmir using SWAT Model: A Case Study of Lolab Watershed." Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum 6, no. 3 (September 16, 2020): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jcef.55298.
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Soil erosion in highly gullied regions of Kashmir valley is a serious global issue due to its impacts on economic productivity and environmental consequences such as land disintegration and one of the most affected areas is Lolab which is flood-prone and has witnessed several disastrous floods in the past. This means assessment of hydrological behavior should be highly prioritized and the most problematic sub-basins contributing to the erosion and excessive runoff identified to formulate and apply proper management strategies. This study integrated the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) with Arc software to simulate the runoff and sediment yield of Lolab Watershed. The method was applied due to its flexibility in inputting data requirements and the capability to model larger catchments and mountainous areas. Meanwhile, sensitivity analysis showed the most sensitive four parameters for runoff estimation with the initial soil conservation service curve number II rated to be the highest and two others were found for sediment estimation with channel erodibility factor rated highest. The calibration of the values of these sensitive parameters led to the provision of reliable NashSutcliffe (NSE) and Coefficient of determination(R2) efficiencies which makes SWAT a good analyzing tool to assess the hydrological behavior of highly gullied region and un-gauged basins of Kashmir. These factors were found to be above 0.90 for both runoff and sediment yield and the sediment yield rates were estimated using SWAT at individual sub-basin levels after which a prioritization map was prepared to determine the most problematic sub-basins in the watershed.
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Poděbradská, Wylie, Hayes, Wardlow, Bathke, Bliss, and Dahal. "Monitoring Drought Impact on Annual Forage Production in Semi-arid Grasslands: A Case Study of Nebraska Sandhills." Remote Sensing 11, no. 18 (September 9, 2019): 2106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11182106.
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Land management practices and disturbances (e.g. overgrazing, fire) have substantial effects on grassland forage production. When using satellite remote sensing to monitor climate impacts, such as drought stress on annual forage production, minimizing land management practices and disturbance effects sends a clear climate signal to the productivity data. This study investigates the effect of this climate signal by: (1) providing spatial estimates of expected biomass under specific climate conditions, (2) determining which drought indices explain the majority of interannual variability in this biomass, and (3) developing a predictive model that estimates the annual biomass early in the growing season. To address objective 1, this study uses an established methodology to determine Expected Ecosystem Performance (EEP) in the Nebraska Sandhills, US, representing annual forage levels after accounting for non-climatic influences. Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)-based Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data were used to approximate actual ecosystem performance. Seventeen years (2000–2016) of annual EEP was calculated using piecewise regression tree models of site potential and climate data. Expected biomass (EB), EEP converted to biomass in kg*ha−1*yr−1, was then used to examine the predictive capacity of several drought indices and the onset date of the growing season. Subsets of these indices were used to monitor and predict annual expected grassland biomass. Independent field-based biomass production data available from two Sandhills locations were used for validation of the EEP model. The EB was related to field-based biomass production (R2 = 0.66 and 0.57) and regional rangeland productivity statistics of the Soil Survey Geographic Database (SSURGO) dataset. The Evaporative Stress Index (ESI), the 3- and 6-month Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), and the U.S. Drought Monitor (USDM), which represented moisture conditions during May, June and July, explained the majority of the interannual biomass variability in this grassland system (three-month ESI explained roughly 72% of the interannual biomass variability). A new model was developed to use drought indices from early in the growing season to predict the total EB for the whole growing season. This unique approach considers only climate-related drought signal on productivity. The capability to estimate annual EB by the end of May will potentially enable land managers to make informed decisions about stocking rates, hay purchase needs, and other management issues early in the season, minimizing their potential drought losses.
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Meades, W. J., and B. A. Roberts. "A review of forest site classification activities in Newfoundland and Labrador." Forestry Chronicle 68, no. 1 (February 1, 1992): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc68025-1.
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This paper provides a review of past and present forest site classification activities in Newfoundland and Labrador over the last thirty years. Initially, research concentrated on the development of a classification system using floristic and edaphic criteria to define forest types. This was followed by a period in which the relationships between forest types and stand productivity were assessed. Subsequently, pilot projects were undertaken in which the forest site classification was incorporated into the biophysical land classification approach and applied to forest capability mapping. In recent years the trend towards more intensive forest management has rekindled interest in forest site classification: emphasis is being placed on technology transfer of site classification to operational foresters in industry and government. Key words: Forest classification, site classification, soils, vegetation, Newfoundland, Labrador, forest ecology
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Rahimi, Jaber, Expedit Evariste Ago, Augustine Ayantunde, Sina Berger, Jan Bogaert, Klaus Butterbach-Bahl, Bernard Cappelaere, et al. "Modeling gas exchange and biomass production in West African Sahelian and Sudanian ecological zones." Geoscientific Model Development 14, no. 6 (June 24, 2021): 3789–812. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-3789-2021.
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Abstract. West African Sahelian and Sudanian ecosystems provide essential services to people and also play a significant role within the global carbon cycle. However, climate and land use are dynamically changing, and uncertainty remains with respect to how these changes will affect the potential of these regions to provide food and fodder resources or how they will affect the biosphere–atmosphere exchange of CO2. In this study, we investigate the capacity of a process-based biogeochemical model, LandscapeDNDC, to simulate net ecosystem exchange (NEE) and aboveground biomass of typical managed and natural Sahelian and Sudanian savanna ecosystems. In order to improve the simulation of phenology, we introduced soil-water availability as a common driver of foliage development and productivity for all of these systems. The new approach was tested by using a sample of sites (calibration sites) that provided NEE from flux tower observations as well as leaf area index data from satellite images (MODIS, MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer). For assessing the simulation accuracy, we applied the calibrated model to 42 additional sites (validation sites) across West Africa for which measured aboveground biomass data were available. The model showed good performance regarding biomass of crops, grass, or trees, yielding correlation coefficients of 0.82, 0.94, and 0.77 and root-mean-square errors of 0.15, 0.22, and 0.12 kg m−2, respectively. The simulations indicate aboveground carbon stocks of up to 0.17, 0.33, and 0.54 kg C ha−1 m−2 for agricultural, savanna grasslands, and savanna mixed tree–grassland sites, respectively. Carbon stocks and exchange rates were particularly correlated with the abundance of trees, and grass biomass and crop yields were higher under more humid climatic conditions. Our study shows the capability of LandscapeDNDC to accurately simulate carbon balances in natural and agricultural ecosystems in semiarid West Africa under a wide range of conditions; thus, the model could be used to assess the impact of land-use and climate change on the regional biomass productivity.
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Rowland, L., A. Harper, B. O. Christoffersen, D. R. Galbraith, H. M. A. Imbuzeiro, T. L. Powell, C. Doughty, et al. "Modelling climate change responses in tropical forests: similar productivity estimates across five models, but different mechanisms and responses." Geoscientific Model Development 8, no. 4 (April 21, 2015): 1097–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-1097-2015.
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Abstract. Accurately predicting the response of Amazonia to climate change is important for predicting climate change across the globe. Changes in multiple climatic factors simultaneously result in complex non-linear ecosystem responses, which are difficult to predict using vegetation models. Using leaf- and canopy-scale observations, this study evaluated the capability of five vegetation models (Community Land Model version 3.5 coupled to the Dynamic Global Vegetation model – CLM3.5–DGVM; Ecosystem Demography model version 2 – ED2; the Joint UK Land Environment Simulator version 2.1 – JULES; Simple Biosphere model version 3 – SiB3; and the soil–plant–atmosphere model – SPA) to simulate the responses of leaf- and canopy-scale productivity to changes in temperature and drought in an Amazonian forest. The models did not agree as to whether gross primary productivity (GPP) was more sensitive to changes in temperature or precipitation, but all the models were consistent with the prediction that GPP would be higher if tropical forests were 5 °C cooler than current ambient temperatures. There was greater model–data consistency in the response of net ecosystem exchange (NEE) to changes in temperature than in the response to temperature by net photosynthesis (An), stomatal conductance (gs) and leaf area index (LAI). Modelled canopy-scale fluxes are calculated by scaling leaf-scale fluxes using LAI. At the leaf-scale, the models did not agree on the temperature or magnitude of the optimum points of An, Vcmax or gs, and model variation in these parameters was compensated for by variations in the absolute magnitude of simulated LAI and how it altered with temperature. Across the models, there was, however, consistency in two leaf-scale responses: (1) change in An with temperature was more closely linked to stomatal behaviour than biochemical processes; and (2) intrinsic water use efficiency (IWUE) increased with temperature, especially when combined with drought. These results suggest that even up to fairly extreme temperature increases from ambient levels (+6 °C), simulated photosynthesis becomes increasingly sensitive to gs and remains less sensitive to biochemical changes. To improve the reliability of simulations of the response of Amazonian rainforest to climate change, the mechanistic underpinnings of vegetation models need to be validated at both leaf- and canopy-scales to improve accuracy and consistency in the quantification of processes within and across an ecosystem.
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Enenkel, Markus, Daniel Osgood, Martha Anderson, Bristol Powell, Jessica McCarty, Christopher Neigh, Mark Carroll, et al. "Exploiting the Convergence of Evidence in Satellite Data for Advanced Weather Index Insurance Design." Weather, Climate, and Society 11, no. 1 (November 15, 2018): 65–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-17-0111.1.
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Abstract The goal of drought-related weather index insurance (WII) is to protect smallholder farmers against the risk of weather shocks and to increase their agricultural productivity. Estimates of precipitation and vegetation greenness are the two dominant satellite datasets. However, ignoring additional moisture- and energy-related processes that influence the response of vegetation to rainfall leads to an incomplete representation of the hydrologic cycle. This study evaluates the added value of considering multiple independent satellite-based variables to design, calibrate, and validate weather insurance indices on the African continent. The satellite data include two rainfall datasets, soil moisture, the evaporative stress index (ESI), and vegetation greenness. We limit artificial advantages by resampling all datasets to the same spatial (0.25°) and temporal (monthly) resolution, although datasets with a higher spatial resolution might have an added value, if considered as the single source of information for localized applications. A higher correlation coefficient between the moisture-focused variables and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), an indicator for vegetation vigor, provides evidence for the datasets’ capability to capture agricultural drought conditions on the ground. The Climate Hazards Group Infrared Precipitation with Stations (CHIRPS) rainfall dataset, soil moisture, and ESI show higher correlations with the (lagged) NDVI in large parts of Africa, for different land covers and various climate zones, than the African Rainfall Climatology, version 2 (ARC2), rainfall dataset, which is often used in WII. A comparison to drought years as reported by farmers in Ethiopia, Senegal, and Zambia indicates a high “hit rate” of all satellite-derived anomalies regarding the detection of severe droughts but limitations regarding moderate drought events.
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Benavidez, Rubianca, Bethanna Jackson, Deborah Maxwell, and Enrico Paringit. "Improving predictions of the effects of extreme events, land use, and climate change on the hydrology of watersheds in the Philippines." Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 373 (May 12, 2016): 147–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-373-147-2016.
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Abstract. Due to its location within the typhoon belt, the Philippines is vulnerable to tropical cyclones that can cause destructive floods. Climate change is likely to exacerbate these risks through increases in tropical cyclone frequency and intensity. To protect populations and infrastructure, disaster risk management in the Philippines focuses on real-time flood forecasting and structural measures such as dikes and retaining walls. Real-time flood forecasting in the Philippines mostly utilises two models from the Hydrologic Engineering Center (HEC): the Hydrologic Modeling System (HMS) for watershed modelling, and the River Analysis System (RAS) for inundation modelling. This research focuses on using non-structural measures for flood mitigation, such as changing land use management or watershed rehabilitation. This is being done by parameterising and applying the Land Utilisation and Capability Indicator (LUCI) model to the Cagayan de Oro watershed (1400 km2) in southern Philippines. The LUCI model is capable of identifying areas providing ecosystem services such as flood mitigation and agricultural productivity, and analysing trade-offs between services. It can also assess whether management interventions could enhance or degrade ecosystem services at fine spatial scales. The LUCI model was used to identify areas within the watershed that are providing flood mitigating services and areas that would benefit from management interventions. For the preliminary comparison, LUCI and HEC-HMS were run under the same scenario: baseline land use and the extreme rainfall event of Typhoon Bopha. The hydrographs from both models were then input to HEC-RAS to produce inundation maps. The novelty of this research is two-fold: (1) this type of ecosystem service modelling has not been carried out in the Cagayan de Oro watershed; and (2) this is the first application of the LUCI model in the Philippines. Since this research is still ongoing, the results presented in this paper are preliminary. As the land use and soil parameterisation for this watershed are refined and more scenarios are run through the model, more robust comparisons can be made between the hydrographs produced by LUCI and HEC-HMS and how those differences affect the inundation map produced by HEC-RAS.
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Kumar, Ravinder, Nand K. Sharma, Savita Meena, and Adithya P. Balakrishnan. "Mutation Breeding: A Way Forward for Genetic Improvement in Mungbean." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT AND ENVIRONMENT 7, no. 04 (December 31, 2021): 255–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.18811/ijpen.v7i04.3.
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Mungbean is a major food leguminous crop mainly cultivated in Asia. It is famous for its high protein, carbohydrate, and nutritional content. With the help of microorganisms located in their root nodules, the crop also maintain soil fertility through biological nitrogen fixation. This not only allows them to meet their own nitrogen needs, but it also improves the production of succeeding crops. One of the prerequisites for crop improvement is the availability of genetic variability. The capability to select improved genotypes in mungbean is limited by a lack of necessary diversity. Chemical and physical mutagens are frequently employed in Plant Mutation Breeding to boost crop productivity and resistance to diseases, insects, drought, and salt by creating genetic variability in crop plants. Mungbean is an early maturing crop often cultivated on low-fertility land with minimal inputs. In the case of these crops, the selection pressure has been focused on stress adaptation rather than yield. As a result, improving the genetics of such crops to increase yield necessitates genetic reconstitution to generate diverse plant types. Induced mutations can contribute to the regeneration and restoration of diversity that has been lost during the evolutionary process because of various pressures or adaptations. Thus, induced mutation or mutation breeding has a lot of potential for improving traditional agricultural crops like mungbean. In this paper, we look at many forms of mutations identified in mungbean crops by various scientists.
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Syahza, Almasdi. "The potential of environmental impact as a result of the development of palm oil plantation." Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 30, no. 5 (August 5, 2019): 1072–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/meq-11-2018-0190.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop strategies for potential environmental impacts as a result of institutional arrangement and development of oil palm downstream industry both regionally and nationally. Design/methodology/approach The research location is in the areas potential for oil palm plantation development, either by plasma through BUMN and BUMS or self-supporting by the society. The research location will be divided into two parts, namely, the land area and the coastal area. The Riau land areas are Regency of Kampar, Rokan Hulu, and Kuantan Singingi, while Riau coastal areas are Regency of Pelalawan, Siak, Bengkalis, Indragiri Hilir, Indragiri Hulu and Rokan Hilir. Both research areas have different productivity due to the different soil fertility levels. The sustainability level of oil palm plantation from the socio-economic and environmental aspects is analyzed using the multi-dimensional scaling approach modified into Rapid Appraisal-Index Sustainability of Palm Oil Management. Findings In Riau Province, the development of oil palm is quite rapid. This is reasonable for several reasons which include the following supporting factors: the geographical condition of the Riau region is very supportive; the high demand for palm oil derivative products; the existence of market guarantee for oil palm farmers; the higher income oil palm generates than other plantation crops; and the relatively flat area. Most of the problems faced by oil palm farmers are the use of less good seeds, the length of the fruit laying at the location of the plantation, the inadequate production road, the relatively far distance to palm oil mill (POM) (National Agency of Drug and Food Control), the tendency of determining the unilateral revenue of the POM, the collectively measurement of revenue and the general revenue information. The development of oil palm plantations has created an entrepreneurial capability for farmers who are able to capture business opportunities in the agricultural sector, especially the plantation sub-sector. Originality/value The originality of this paper shows the comprehensively control strategy, potential of environmental impact and palm oil plantation. The method used for data collection was rapid rural appraisal method because accurate information is needed in a limited time as it relates to decisions related to village development that must be taken immediately. The study area was conducted in Riau Province because Riau Province is one of the biggest palm oil producers in Indonesia. The study sites will be divided into two, namely, the land area and the coastal area.
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Du, Zhenggang, Ensheng Weng, Lifen Jiang, Yiqi Luo, Jianyang Xia, and Xuhui Zhou. "Carbon–nitrogen coupling under three schemes of model representation: a traceability analysis." Geoscientific Model Development 11, no. 11 (November 2, 2018): 4399–416. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-4399-2018.
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Abstract. The interaction between terrestrial carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycles has been incorporated into more and more land surface models. However, the scheme of C–N coupling differs greatly among models, and how these diverse representations of C–N interactions will affect C-cycle modeling remains unclear. In this study, we explored how the simulated ecosystem C storage capacity in the terrestrial ecosystem (TECO) model varied with three different commonly used schemes of C–N coupling. The three schemes (SM1, SM2, and SM3) have been used in three different coupled C–N models (i.e., TECO-CN, CLM 4.5, and O-CN, respectively). They differ mainly in the stoichiometry of C and N in vegetation and soils, plant N uptake strategies, downregulation of photosynthesis, and the pathways of N import. We incorporated the three C–N coupling schemes into the C-only version of the TECO model and evaluated their impacts on the C cycle with a traceability framework. Our results showed that all three of the C–N schemes caused significant reductions in steady-state C storage capacity compared with the C-only version with magnitudes of −23 %, −30 %, and −54 % for SM1, SM2, and SM3, respectively. This reduced C storage capacity was mainly derived from the combined effects of decreases in net primary productivity (NPP; −29 %, −15 %, and −45 %) and changes in mean C residence time (MRT; 9 %, −17 %, and −17 %) for SM1, SM2, and SM3, respectively. The differences in NPP are mainly attributed to the different assumptions on plant N uptake, plant tissue C : N ratio, downregulation of photosynthesis, and biological N fixation. In comparison, the alternative representations of the plant vs. microbe competition strategy and the plant N uptake, combined with the flexible C : N ratio in vegetation and soils, led to a notable spread in MRT. These results highlight the fact that the diverse assumptions on N processes represented by different C–N coupled models could cause additional uncertainty for land surface models. Understanding their difference can help us improve the capability of models to predict future biogeochemical cycles of terrestrial ecosystems.
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Syahza, Almasdi, and Mitri Irianti. "Formulation of control strategy on the environmental impact potential as a result of the development of palm oil plantation." Journal of Science and Technology Policy Management 12, no. 1 (January 26, 2021): 106–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jstpm-06-2019-0059.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to analyze strategies for controlling potential environmental impacts as a result of developing oil palm plantations. Design/methodology/approach Research sites in the first year have been carried out in potential areas for the development of oil palm plantations, both through plasma through Badan Usaha Milik Negara (state-owned enterprises) and Badan Usaha Milik Swasta (private-owned companies) and self-help by the community. The research locations were carried out in the Riau mainland areas, including Kampar, Rokan Hulu and Kuantan Singingi regencies. In contrast, the Riau coastal areas were Pelalawan, Siak, Bengkalis, Indragiri Hilir, Indragiri Hulu and Rokan Hilir. The two research areas have different productivity caused by differences in soil fertility. The method used for data collection is the rapid rural appraisal method, which is a participatory approach to obtain data/information and general evaluation in the field in a relatively short time. Findings Oil palm commodities are the most popular, especially in the Riau region. This is evidenced by the rapid development of oil palm plantations, namely, 1,119,798 ha in 2001 and increased to 2,372,402 ha in 2013. During the 2001–2013 period, the average growth rate was 6.46% per year, whereas other plantation commodities such as rubber and coconut have decreased. #R2.6 An increase follows the expansion of the plantation area in the production of fresh fruit bunches (FFB). Crude palm oil (CPO) production from 1,792,481 tons in 2001 increased to 7,570,854 tons in 2013, with an average annual growth of 12.76%. CPO production capability in Riau is supported by 172 palm oil mill (POM) units with a processing capacity of 7,800 tons per hour. POM is not spread evenly but is concentrated in nucleus and plasma plantations. Independent smallholders with their scattered land located far from the existing POM. This condition causes the low quality of FFB to the mill due to the distance between the plantation and POM. Originality/value The virtue of this research is to find an institutional arrangement strategy for oil palm agriculture to spur growth through the development of the downstream palm oil industry. The strategy is intended to create economic added value so that efforts to accelerate community economic development can be increased.
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Young, Anthony. "Soil productivity, soil conservation and land evaluation." Agroforestry Systems 5, no. 3 (1987): 277–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00119126.
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VUUREN, W. VAN, and P. YSSELSTEIN. "RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LAND TENURE AND SOIL PRODUCTIVITY." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 66, no. 2 (May 1, 1986): 357–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss86-036.
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Renting of agricultural land is gaining in importance in Canada. The impact of rental on soil conservation and on long-term soil productivity was examined in central southwestern Ontario. Prevailing leasing contracts were short-term, with a minimum of contractual obligations on both parties. A difference in soil management practices was found between owner-operated land and rented land. Both recurrent and nonrecurrent practices upgrading the soil were carried out to a lesser extent on rented than on owner-operated land, while the quality of the rented land was in fact lower and in greater need of ameliorative practices. This resulted in a difference in grain corn yield; the lower yield being obtained from rented land. Key words: Land tenure, tenancy, rental contract, soil conservation, soil productivity, soil quality
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Barrios, Edmundo. "Soil biota, ecosystem services and land productivity." Ecological Economics 64, no. 2 (December 2007): 269–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2007.03.004.
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Murphy, Brian, and Peter Fogarty. "Application of the Soil Security Concept to Two Contrasting Soil Landscape Systems—Implications for Soil Capability and Sustainable Land Management." Sustainability 11, no. 20 (October 16, 2019): 5706. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11205706.
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Soil security identifies global challenges and a series of dimensions that are necessary requirements to meet those global challenges using sustainable land management. The soil security concept is applied to two contrasting soil landscape systems with varying climate, landform and soil types. Previous methodologies for assessing land and soil capability are combined within the soil security conceptual approach. The land and soil capability methodologies are used to assess how the soil condition changes in response to the stresses and forcing associated with land management and land and soil degradation processes. It is the soil capability that defines how the soil condition changes between the reference state of the soil condition, or the genoform, and the soil condition under land use, or the phenoform. The conclusion is that soil capability, which is one of the dimensions used to apply the soil security concept, is a complex dimension and has several aspects or further facets to be considered to achieve sustainable land management. It is apparent that in assessing soil capability, the following facets are relevant. I: The capacity of the soil to provide ecosystem services to meet the global challenges outlined for Soil Security. II: The stability of the soil condition to land degradation processes resulting from the effects of land management practices and the environmental stresses on the soil. III: The capacity to recover following degradation. Facets II and III can be considered the resilience. An important conclusion is that the soil capability cannot be assessed without taking into account features of the landscape including climate and landform. Two examples from south eastern Australia of the application of these facets of soil capability to on-ground situations are presented. The Cowra Trough Red Soils in the Australian wheat belt are a set of soils, primarily contributing to meeting the global challenge of food security. The major degradation processes threatening the stability of these soils are water erosion and soil acidification. The Kosciusko National Park in the Snowy Mountains region is primarily contributing to meeting the challenges of water security for the irrigation industry in the Murray Darling Basins and energy security through the production of hydroelectricity. The set of soil landscapes also contributes to biodiversity protection and human health and well-being. The major degradation processes threatening the stability of these soils and their capacity to meet the global challenges are water and wind erosion. A major limitation is the poor capacity of these soils to recover once degraded. Identifying the main ecosystem services provided by the two examples, together with the major risks of land degradation can clarify extension, economic and policy aspects of sustainable land management for the two sets of soil landscapes. For the Cowra Trough Red Soils, management of water erosion and soil acidification are essential for maintaining the contribution of the area to food security. For the Kosciusko National Park, the control of water and wind erosion are essential to maintain the contribution of the area to water and energy security.
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Jainudin, Sani, Rini Hazriani, Feira B. Arief, Ridwansyah Ridwansyah, and Junaidi Junaidi. "Evaluasi Kemampuan Lahan di Desa Sungai Jelayan Kecamatan Kedawangan Kabupaten Ketapang." Proceedings Series on Physical & Formal Sciences 2 (November 10, 2021): 179–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.30595/pspfs.v2i.177.
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Sungai Jelayan Village is one of the villages in Kendawangan District, Ketapang Regency, which still has the potential for sustainable management. Evaluation of land capability is one of the efforts to overcome the reduction of land degradation. Land capability is an assessment of land units for particular uses, assessed from each inhibiting factor. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of the land according to the land capability parameter, assessed the land capability sub-class, and provided suggestions for land use based on the land capability sub-class in Sungai Jelayan Village. The research stages started from preparation, preliminary survey, determination of research location based on land units consisting of soil type, slope class, land use and there were 9 land units, and determination of observation points, as well as field observations and soil sampling, laboratory analysis, data processing and presentation of results. The results obtained 2 soil orders, namely Entisols and Inceptisols. The results of the land capability evaluation were divided into five land capability classes and sub-classes, namely class II-s, III-s, IV-w, V-w, and VIII-es. Improvement efforts or efforts to use land sustainably could be carried out in 5 ways, namely intensive cultivation, moderate cultivation, limited cultivation, nature reserves/protected forests, and intensive grazing.
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Sartohadi, Junun. "Evaluasi Potensi Degradasi Lahan dengan Menggunakan Analisa Kemampuan Lahan dan Tekanan Penduduk terhadap Lahan Pertanian di Kecamatan Kokap Kabupaten Kulon Progo." Forum Geografi 22, no. 1 (July 20, 2008): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/forgeo.v22i1.4921.
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Kokap sub district is located in Kulonprogo District, Yogyakarta Province. It has some problems of landslides and misuse of land. The research was proposed to determine the regions having potential of land degradation based on the land capability and population pressure analysis. This research was carried out using field survey. The field survey was based on landform unit as area sampling unit. The (Land Classification and Land Use Planning) LCLP software was applied for land capability classification. The Soemarwoto method was applied for the evaluation of population pressure on the agriculture land. The results of this research were: (1) land capability in the study area was varies from class II – class VII with limitation factors of slope, soil erodibility, soil texture, soil permeability and soil effective depth, (2) the whole study area fell into high population pressure class (that means it had exceed of its land capability), (3) most of the study area (51.9%) had been classified into high potential of land degradation.
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Suarsana, I. Wayan, I. Nyoman Merit, and I. Wayan Sandi Adnyana. "PREDIKSI EROSI, KLASIFIKASI KEMAMPUAN LAHAN DAN ARAHAN PENGGUNAAN LAHAN DI KECAMATAN BATURITI KABUPATEN TABANAN PROVINSI BALI." ECOTROPHIC : Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan (Journal of Environmental Science) 10, no. 2 (November 1, 2016): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/ejes.2016.v10.i02.p11.
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Land resource damage caused by the land conversion and land use without regard to principles of conservation of soil and water. The damage resulted in the erosion is very high. Changes in land use without regard to principles of conservation of soil and water is currently happening in Baturiti District. Given this research can determine the level of erosion, soil and water conservation planning, land capability classification and proposed land use in Baturiti District. Erosion prediction using USLE (Universal Soil Loss Equation) to estimate the rate of erosion and also to get an idea the determination of soil and water conservation measures appropriate to the region. Determination of the land capability classification method Arsyad (1989) is by classifying land capability to classify land capability class based on the value of the limiting factor of land that is adjusted with land capability classification criteria. Determining of the proposed land use using the scoring method by combining the slope factor of the field, the soil sensitivity of the against erosion and the intensity of daily rainfall. Soil sampling is done by taking a total of 19 soil samples from a unit of land. The prediction results on each unit of land erosion in the area showed the level of erosion is very light covering an area of 11,70 ha, mild erosion area of 5.221,56 ha, erosion was an area of 88,10 ha, severe erosion area of 616.20 ha and very severe erosion area of 2.195,39 ha. Soil and water conservation measures required on land units with erosion prediction value exceeds the value erosion that can be tolerated so that the value could be below the value erosion erosion can be tolerated. Capability classification of the land in the study area consists of land capability class II with an area of 1489,39 ha, class III area of 827,39 ha, class IV with an area of 830.15 ha, class VI area of 1.373,79 ha, class VII covering 1.453,92 ha, class VIII covering an area of 2.176,31 ha. Tutorial use of land for the forest department is directed to the protected forest area covering an area of 2.458,00 ha. Tutorial use of land outside the forest area to protected area 1079.81 ha (13,27%), a buffer zone covering an area of 1.662,31 ha, annual crop cultivation area covering an area of 844.86 ha and seasonal crops cultivation area covering an area of 2.087,97 ha.
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BREKKE, KJELL ARNE, VEGARD IVERSEN, and JENS B. AUNE. "Tanzania's soil wealth." Environment and Development Economics 4, no. 3 (July 1999): 333–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x99000224.
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This paper adopts soil scientific models of soil productivity and degradation in Tanzania into an intertemporal optimisation framework. The farmers choose labour input, capital investment and fertiliser input to maximise soil wealth, i.e., the present value of soil rent. First we focus exclusively on soil mining, considering the nutrient stocks as determinants of land productivity. Next, we focus on soil erosion, and include rooting depth as determinant of land productivity. We compute the soil wealth under the assumption that the opportunity cost of labour is equal to current wages, or alternatively equal to zero. Our estimates suggest that the potential gains from change in agricultural management are considerable. Moreover, the shadow price on root depth and hence the returns to land conservation investments are highly sensitive to our labour market assumptions. We also find that the value of the eroded soil amounts to 12–17 per cent of the value of Hicksian income, and the savings required to maintain consumption amounts to 13–29 per cent of the contribution to GDP.
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Bernard, Barasa, Majaliwa J. G. Mwanjalolo, Banduga Moses, Katwere James, Magaya Paul, Sadadi Ojoatre, Wanjiru Lydia, and Margaret N. Walusimbi. "A Simplified Spatial Methodology for Assessing Land Productivity Status in Africa." Land 11, no. 5 (May 12, 2022): 730. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11050730.
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The degradation of soil, vegetation and socio-economic transformations are a huge threat to Africa’s land production. This study aimed to (i) assess the soil and land productivity of standing biomass and (ii) determine the effect of rainfall on the standing biomass in Eastern Africa. Soil productivity was determined using the Soil Productivity Index (SPI) and a simplified model was developed to estimate the Net Primary Productivity (NPP). The SPI indicators used included soil-organic matter, texture, soil moisture, base-saturation, pH, cation-exchange-capacity, soil-depth and drainage. The inputs of the simplified model are: MODIS Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI), soil erosion, soil nutrient content and input, rainfall, land-use/cover and agro-ecological zones. The findings reveal that the countries with the most productive soils are Mauritius, Rwanda and South Sudan—while, for standing biomass, the countries with the highest spatial extent are Mauritius (97%), Rwanda (96%), Uganda (95%), South Sudan (89%), Ethiopia (47%) and Kenya (36%). Standing biomass is dominant in biomes such as natural forests, woodlands, croplands, grasslands, wetlands and tree-plantations. High land productivity was attributed to soil quality and management, land policy reforms, favourable climatic conditions and sustainable land husbandry activities. Rainfall was significantly correlated with standing biomass in most of the studied countries (p < 0.05) except Djibouti and Rwanda. Therefore, monitoring soil health, use and land reforms are key to sustaining vegetative biomass.
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Sulastri, Sulastri, I. Wayan Sandi Adnyana, and I. Nyoman Merit. "PERENCANAAN PENGGUNAAN LAHAN MELALUI PENDEKATAN PREDIKSI EROSI DAN KLASIFIKASI KEMAMPUAN LAHAN DI DAERAH ALIRAN SUNGAI KOLOH PASIRAN LOMBOK TIMUR." ECOTROPHIC : Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan (Journal of Environmental Science) 9, no. 1 (May 1, 2015): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/ejes.2015.v09.i01.p08.
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Erosion is a form of land degradation is very serious in Koloh Pasiran watershed. This condition perceived more severe by the fact that the understanding of the process of saving the natural resources of forest, soil and water have not received maximum attention. This is evidenced by the presence of illegal logging, forest fires around the area of the watershed during the dry season and flooding during every rainy season. Therefore, the research conducted with the aim to: 1) determine the level of erosion and soil and water conservation planning in the Koloh Pasiran watershed, 2) determine the land capability class in Koloh Pasiran watershed and 3) to plan land use capability classes based on erosion rate. Observations and sampling of soil samples for prediction of erosion, soil conservation and classification approach according, planning based on common land unit. This land unit maps obtained from the land use maps overlay by slope, soil and land use maps done by estimating the magnitude of the erosion equation USLE (Universal Soil Loss Equation) of Wischmeier and Smit (1978). Determine land capability class with land capability classification approach according Arsyad (1989). Land use planning and soil and water conservation in addition to using USLE equation also uses land capability classification according Arsyad (1989). The results show the level of erosion prediction calculation slight to very severe erosion. Mixture of garden soil with a 2% slope erosion rates relatively slight. Dry land with a slope of 2% classified as severe erosion and the shrub land with a slope of 2-3% erosion classified as severe to very severe. While in secondary forest land and primary forests with a slope of 2-25% relatively slight erosion. Land capability class in Koloh Pasiran watershed can be classified into class IV (3 units of land), class V (5 units of land), class VI (1 unit of land) and VIII (2 units of land). The limiting factors are: (e) the slopes are steep and severe erosion rate and (s) low water holding capacity. Direction of land use for high density mixed garden with bench terrace with good construction, dry with good bench terrace construction and given a booster plants around the lip of land, shrub land used for community forestry, agroporestry and natural forests, while for secondary forests and forest maintained primary sustainability
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Akbar, Muh, Burhanuddin Rasyid, and Sartika Laban. "ANALISIS INDEKS PRODUKTIVITAS LAHAN UNTUK PENGEMBANGAN TANAMAN PANGAN DIBAGIAN HILIR DAERAH IRIGASI KAMPILI." Jurnal Ecosolum 8, no. 2 (December 30, 2019): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/ecosolum.v8i2.8663.
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The large population growth of Indonesia encourages the transition of the function of agricultural land into non-agricultural land. The demand for land from time to time always increased, while the available land limited in number. This caused the conversion of agricultural land into non-agricultural land. This phenomenon certainly could bring serious problems. This study aimed to determine the land productivity index for rice and green beans cultivation and to find out the factors that influence production. The productivity indexes analyzed based on the Storie Approach. Soil sampling was carried out by an open grid method divided based on five land map units which spread across three different villages in Kampili irrigation area. The results of the study indicate that the highest productivity index is shown in SPT 5 where the productivity index is 47 and the lowest productivity index is shown in SPT 2 where the productivity index is 21,6. The land productivity index in the downstream of the Kampili irrigation area, which is located in the district of West Bajeng is poor to sufficient level. The low value of land productivity was strongly influenced due to poor soil quality, especially soil chemical properties. The results of the laboratory analysis show that nutrients in those areas are low.
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Nguyen, Anh, Truc T. Nguyen, Dang Khue Nguyen, Otto Richter, and Huyen Thi Thu Do. "Management of Al3+ Residue in the Soil by Mapping Soil Capability in Retaining and Transporting Al3+ in the Farmland of Trang Bom District, Vietnam." Agronomy 12, no. 5 (May 23, 2022): 1243. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12051243.
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The assessment of soil capability in retaining and transporting chemical substances is necessary, especially currently, with the overuse of chemical products for crop production. Depending on the soil properties, these chemicals may bound on soil particles or release and transport in the soil solution. In this study, we developed maps of the capability of soil to retain and transport Al3+, thereby evaluating the main soil factors affecting Al3+ fate in the agricultural land of Trang Bom District, Dong Nai Province, Vietnam. Information and data of the factors slope, soil texture, pH, organic matter, and ferrallitisation were processed and analyzed. The GIS tool was applied in combination with the analytical hierarchical process (AHP) to create the maps. Four hundred simulation runs were performed for criteria weight sensitivity analysis to explore the dependency of the resultant maps on the weights of the input factors. Sampling soil data were used to validate the accuracy of information given by the resultant maps. Results from the two maps show that the soils in the area have high capability in retaining and transporting Al3+. Ninety nine percent of the soils in the area have medium to high capability of Al3+ retention and about 65% of the soils have medium to high capability of transporting Al3+. For the agricultural land, about 65% of the land ranked as having a high to very high soil Al3+ retention capability and about 58% of the land ranked as having a medium to high capability of transporting Al3+. These maps can support the process of decision-making in identifying the appropriate dose and frequency of the chemical products that are applied on each soil capability zone; in this case study, the products contain aluminum. The accumulation of Al3+ in the soil, especially in the high Al3+ retention capability soil, can cause soil degradation and can cause negative effects on plant growth.
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Wall, A., and C. J. Westman. "Site classification of afforested arable land based on soil properties for forest production." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 36, no. 6 (June 1, 2006): 1451–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x06-031.
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We used discriminant analysis to identify the key soil properties that discriminate among 30 forest sites representing a floristic site-type fertility gradient. Thereafter we classified 24 sites on afforested arable land into forest site types using these discriminant functions. The most important soil properties of the E horizon separating different forest site types were pH and the densities of Ca, P, and silt. Using properties of soil from the 010 cm depth to represent the current level of site productivity, we classified all soils from afforested arable land into forest site types of high productivity. Among these soils, the most fertile were those with high clay and silt densities. Again, using properties of soil from the 3040 cm depth to emulate the site productivity that prevailed before soil-formation processes and agricultural land use altered the upper soil horizon, we classified most of the soils from afforested arable land into forest site types of medium productivity. This implies that agricultural land use had increased the densities of basic elements at the 010 cm soil depth and, consequently, site productivity. The high productivity of former arable lands was attributed to their previous agricultural use and to the inherent properties of fine-grained soils.
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Ičanović, Mirsad, Husnija Kudić, and Irma Ičanović. "Capability Classification of the Land Belonging to the Bužim Municipality." АГРОЗНАЊЕ 18, no. 1 (November 13, 2017): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.7251/agren1701037i.
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One of the primary soil functions is the production of food and raw materials, but the soil is used for ther purposes as well, outside the sphere of agricultural production, e.g.road construction and housing, exploitation of mineral resources. The research in this paper, appropriate agricultural land capability classification, was carried out in the Bužim Municipality using the guideline of unique methodology regarding the classification of agricultural land in the rating categories and criteria for individual soil properties, based on which land capability classes are determined. As a result of the research, six agricultural land capability classes (LCC) and land capability subclasses (LCS), ranging from III to VII, were determined, and areas were also marked as forest and built land. The most common land areas were marked under the VI LCC with the total area of 18.99% of the territory of the municipality. The V LCC was represented with a percentage of 11.65, while the IVa LCS was only represented with 1.02%.