Journal articles on the topic 'Land Capability and Soil Degradation'
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1
Murphy, Brian, and Peter Fogarty. "Application of the Soil Security Concept to Two Contrasting Soil Landscape Systems—Implications for Soil Capability and Sustainable Land Management." Sustainability 11, no. 20 (October 16, 2019): 5706. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11205706.
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Soil security identifies global challenges and a series of dimensions that are necessary requirements to meet those global challenges using sustainable land management. The soil security concept is applied to two contrasting soil landscape systems with varying climate, landform and soil types. Previous methodologies for assessing land and soil capability are combined within the soil security conceptual approach. The land and soil capability methodologies are used to assess how the soil condition changes in response to the stresses and forcing associated with land management and land and soil degradation processes. It is the soil capability that defines how the soil condition changes between the reference state of the soil condition, or the genoform, and the soil condition under land use, or the phenoform. The conclusion is that soil capability, which is one of the dimensions used to apply the soil security concept, is a complex dimension and has several aspects or further facets to be considered to achieve sustainable land management. It is apparent that in assessing soil capability, the following facets are relevant. I: The capacity of the soil to provide ecosystem services to meet the global challenges outlined for Soil Security. II: The stability of the soil condition to land degradation processes resulting from the effects of land management practices and the environmental stresses on the soil. III: The capacity to recover following degradation. Facets II and III can be considered the resilience. An important conclusion is that the soil capability cannot be assessed without taking into account features of the landscape including climate and landform. Two examples from south eastern Australia of the application of these facets of soil capability to on-ground situations are presented. The Cowra Trough Red Soils in the Australian wheat belt are a set of soils, primarily contributing to meeting the global challenge of food security. The major degradation processes threatening the stability of these soils are water erosion and soil acidification. The Kosciusko National Park in the Snowy Mountains region is primarily contributing to meeting the challenges of water security for the irrigation industry in the Murray Darling Basins and energy security through the production of hydroelectricity. The set of soil landscapes also contributes to biodiversity protection and human health and well-being. The major degradation processes threatening the stability of these soils and their capacity to meet the global challenges are water and wind erosion. A major limitation is the poor capacity of these soils to recover once degraded. Identifying the main ecosystem services provided by the two examples, together with the major risks of land degradation can clarify extension, economic and policy aspects of sustainable land management for the two sets of soil landscapes. For the Cowra Trough Red Soils, management of water erosion and soil acidification are essential for maintaining the contribution of the area to food security. For the Kosciusko National Park, the control of water and wind erosion are essential to maintain the contribution of the area to water and energy security.
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Sartohadi, Junun. "Evaluasi Potensi Degradasi Lahan dengan Menggunakan Analisa Kemampuan Lahan dan Tekanan Penduduk terhadap Lahan Pertanian di Kecamatan Kokap Kabupaten Kulon Progo." Forum Geografi 22, no. 1 (July 20, 2008): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/forgeo.v22i1.4921.
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Kokap sub district is located in Kulonprogo District, Yogyakarta Province. It has some problems of landslides and misuse of land. The research was proposed to determine the regions having potential of land degradation based on the land capability and population pressure analysis. This research was carried out using field survey. The field survey was based on landform unit as area sampling unit. The (Land Classification and Land Use Planning) LCLP software was applied for land capability classification. The Soemarwoto method was applied for the evaluation of population pressure on the agriculture land. The results of this research were: (1) land capability in the study area was varies from class II – class VII with limitation factors of slope, soil erodibility, soil texture, soil permeability and soil effective depth, (2) the whole study area fell into high population pressure class (that means it had exceed of its land capability), (3) most of the study area (51.9%) had been classified into high potential of land degradation.
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Gray, Jonathan M., Greg A. Chapman, and Brian W. Murphy. "Land management within capability: a new scheme to guide sustainable land management in New South Wales, Australia." Soil Research 53, no. 6 (2015): 683. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr14196.
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A new evaluation scheme, land management within capability (LMwC), used to guide sustainable land management in New South Wales (NSW), is presented. The scheme semi-quantitatively categorises the potential impacts of specific land-management actions and compares these with the inherent physical capability of the land in relation to a range of land-degradation hazards. This leads to the derivation of LMwC indices, which signify the sustainability of land-management practices at the scale of individual sites up to broader regions. The LMwC scheme can be used to identify lands at greatest risk from various land-degradation hazards. It can help to guide natural resource agencies at local, regional and state levels to target priorities and promote sustainable land management across their lands. Few other schemes that assess the sustainability of a given land-management regime in a semi-quantitative yet pragmatic manner are found in the literature. The scheme has particular application for regional soil-monitoring programs and it was applied in such a program over NSW in 2008–09. The results suggested that the hazards most poorly managed across the state are wind erosion, soil acidification and soil organic carbon decline. The LMwC scheme, or at least its underlying concepts, could be readily applied to other jurisdictions.
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Nguyen, Anh, Truc T. Nguyen, Dang Khue Nguyen, Otto Richter, and Huyen Thi Thu Do. "Management of Al3+ Residue in the Soil by Mapping Soil Capability in Retaining and Transporting Al3+ in the Farmland of Trang Bom District, Vietnam." Agronomy 12, no. 5 (May 23, 2022): 1243. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12051243.
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The assessment of soil capability in retaining and transporting chemical substances is necessary, especially currently, with the overuse of chemical products for crop production. Depending on the soil properties, these chemicals may bound on soil particles or release and transport in the soil solution. In this study, we developed maps of the capability of soil to retain and transport Al3+, thereby evaluating the main soil factors affecting Al3+ fate in the agricultural land of Trang Bom District, Dong Nai Province, Vietnam. Information and data of the factors slope, soil texture, pH, organic matter, and ferrallitisation were processed and analyzed. The GIS tool was applied in combination with the analytical hierarchical process (AHP) to create the maps. Four hundred simulation runs were performed for criteria weight sensitivity analysis to explore the dependency of the resultant maps on the weights of the input factors. Sampling soil data were used to validate the accuracy of information given by the resultant maps. Results from the two maps show that the soils in the area have high capability in retaining and transporting Al3+. Ninety nine percent of the soils in the area have medium to high capability of Al3+ retention and about 65% of the soils have medium to high capability of transporting Al3+. For the agricultural land, about 65% of the land ranked as having a high to very high soil Al3+ retention capability and about 58% of the land ranked as having a medium to high capability of transporting Al3+. These maps can support the process of decision-making in identifying the appropriate dose and frequency of the chemical products that are applied on each soil capability zone; in this case study, the products contain aluminum. The accumulation of Al3+ in the soil, especially in the high Al3+ retention capability soil, can cause soil degradation and can cause negative effects on plant growth.
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Swafo, Seome Michael, and Phesheya Eugine Dlamini. "Unlocking the Land Capability and Soil Suitability of Makuleke Farm for Sustainable Banana Production." Sustainability 15, no. 1 (December 27, 2022): 453. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15010453.
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Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is experiencing an increase in food insecurity, which is fueled by both high population growth and low agricultural productivity. Smallholder farmers are seriously affected by low soil fertility, land degradation, and poor agronomic management practices that reduce crop productivity. Therefore, there is a huge need for reliable soil information to support agricultural decision-making in smallholder farms to ensure sustainable agricultural production. However, most studies focused on land capability and soil suitability do not consider the spatial variability of soils and their inherent properties. The main objectives of this study were (1) to survey, classify and characterise soils at Makuleke farm in order to derive and map the land capability classes and (2) to quantify the physical and chemical properties of the soils in order to derive and map the suitability classes. A field survey and classification of soils led by transect walks complemented by auger holes revealed existential spatial variation of soils across the 12 ha banana plantation. The dominating soil forms in the plantation were Hutton, Westleigh, Glenrosa and Valsrivier. Land capability analysis revealed that 17% of the 12 ha portion of the farm had very high arable potential, while 60% had medium arable potential, 6% of the farm had low arable potential and 17% was considered non-arable. Subsequent soil suitability analysis revealed that 12% of the farm is highly suitable, 34% is moderately suitable, 38% is marginally suitable and 16% is permanently not suitable for banana production. The variable capability of the land and suitability of soils for banana production led to notable yield gaps. The in-depth description and quantification of the productive capacity of the land is pivotal to the farmers at Makuleke farm as it unlocks their true potential and such information is crucial to effectively manage the soil and utilize the land for sustainable banana production.
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Jainudin, Sani, Rini Hazriani, Feira B. Arief, Ridwansyah Ridwansyah, and Junaidi Junaidi. "Evaluasi Kemampuan Lahan di Desa Sungai Jelayan Kecamatan Kedawangan Kabupaten Ketapang." Proceedings Series on Physical & Formal Sciences 2 (November 10, 2021): 179–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.30595/pspfs.v2i.177.
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Sungai Jelayan Village is one of the villages in Kendawangan District, Ketapang Regency, which still has the potential for sustainable management. Evaluation of land capability is one of the efforts to overcome the reduction of land degradation. Land capability is an assessment of land units for particular uses, assessed from each inhibiting factor. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of the land according to the land capability parameter, assessed the land capability sub-class, and provided suggestions for land use based on the land capability sub-class in Sungai Jelayan Village. The research stages started from preparation, preliminary survey, determination of research location based on land units consisting of soil type, slope class, land use and there were 9 land units, and determination of observation points, as well as field observations and soil sampling, laboratory analysis, data processing and presentation of results. The results obtained 2 soil orders, namely Entisols and Inceptisols. The results of the land capability evaluation were divided into five land capability classes and sub-classes, namely class II-s, III-s, IV-w, V-w, and VIII-es. Improvement efforts or efforts to use land sustainably could be carried out in 5 ways, namely intensive cultivation, moderate cultivation, limited cultivation, nature reserves/protected forests, and intensive grazing.
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Kumar, Pushkin. "Monitoring and Analysis of Degraded Land in Rasulabad Block of Kanpur Dehat District Using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 8 (August 31, 2021): 2413–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.37768.
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Abstract: Land degradation is seen as a development or additional that reduces current and/or potential soil capability to produce products and goods. This implies a decline from a higher to a lower state due to a decline in land capacity, productivity, and biodiversity loss. This can be both natural and human-induced. Natural causes embody earthquakes, tsunamis, droughts, avalanches, landslides, volcanic eruptions, floods, tornadoes, and wildfires. Whereas human-induced soil degradation results from land clearing and deforestation, inappropriate agricultural practices, improper management of industrial effluents and wastes, over-grazing, careless management of forests, surface mining, urban sprawl, and commercial/industrial development. Inappropriate agricultural practices embody excessive tillage and use of heavy machineries, excessive and unbalanced use of inorganic fertilizers, poor irrigation and water management techniques, chemical or pesticide overuse, inadequate crop residue and organic carbon inputs, and poor crop cycle planning. Some underlying social causes of soil degradation in Asian nation square measure land shortage, decline in per capita land handiness, economic pressure onto land, land occupancy, poverty, and population increase.. The aim of the current study is to prepare baseline data to combat land degradation and conserve land resources in an economical and efficient manner. To assess land degradation with the help of Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographical Information System (GIS) – in Rasulabad Block of Kanpur Dehat district, Uttar Pradesh, different levels of analysis were performed to estimate the extent of land. Degradation to assess saline or salt-free soils and calcareous or sodium soils and to match this data with satellite studies. The spatial variability of these soil parameters was shown in soil maps created in a GIS environment. A temporary study of the 2017 and 2021 Sentinel satellite datasets was done to find the parameters that are responsible for land degradation. The severity of land degradation was calculable quantitatively by analyzing the physico-chemical parameters within the laboratory to see salinity and sodicity of soils and further correlating them with satellite-based studies. The pH varied between 7.1 and 8.2, electrical conductivity (EC) between 0.23 and 0.6 miliSiemens/m and the methyl orange or total alkalinity between 0.095 and 0.225 (HCO3 ) gL-1 as CaCO3. The spatial variability in these soil parameters was pictured through soil maps generated in a GIS environment with the help of IDW Interpolation. The results revealed that the soil in the study area was exposed to salt intrusion, most of the soil samples of the study area were slightly or moderately saline with a few salt-free sites. Moreover, the majority of the soil samples were calcareous and a few samples were alkaline or sodic in nature. Keyword: Land degradation, Sodic land, Saline land, GIS, IDW Interpolation.
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Madueke, C. O., I. K. Okore, E. C. Maduekeh, A. O. Onunwa, M. J. Okafor, E. C. Nnabuihe, B. Nwosu, C. J. Nwaiwu, and T. V. Nwosu. "Characterization and land evaluation of three tropical rainforest soils derived from the coastal plain sands of southeastern Nigeria." Agro-Science 20, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 25–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/as.v20i2.5.
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Soils on coastal plain sands of southeastern Nigeria have hitherto been referred to as fragile sandy and acidic soils of low base saturation, cation exchange capacity (CEC) and fertility, as evidenced by the extensive land degradation evident in the region. This underscores the need for the characterization of the soils for sustainable use. Three profile pits were therefore dug on the upper, middle and bottom slopes of three towns in the rainforest belt underlain by the coastal plain sands. The results showed that the topsoil of the soils was generally sandy, with relatively more clayey subsoil. The pH ranged from extremely acidic (< 4.4) to slightly acidic (6.1- 6.5). They had low organic matter, low total nitrogen, low effective CEC, low Al saturation and moderate base saturation. The soils of the upper and the middle slopes were classified as Arenic Kandiudult by the United States Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) Soil Taxonomy or as Chromic Acrisols by the World Reference Base (WRB) for Soil Resources classification system, while that of the bottom slope was classified as a TypicDystrudept (USDA Soil Taxonomy) / Dystric Cambisol (WRB classification system). The upper slope had a USDA land capability class of IIes and a United States Bureau for Reclamation (USBR) land capability class of 2v/C. The middle slope and the bottom slope both had USDA and USBR capability class of IVs and 3v/C, respectively. Though moderately to marginally irrigable, the soils can still produce increased and sustainable agricultural yield if the appropriate land use and husbandry practices are adopted.
Key words: Coastal plain sands, land use planning, soil characterization, toposequence, tropical rainforest
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Sulastri, Sulastri, I. Wayan Sandi Adnyana, and I. Nyoman Merit. "PERENCANAAN PENGGUNAAN LAHAN MELALUI PENDEKATAN PREDIKSI EROSI DAN KLASIFIKASI KEMAMPUAN LAHAN DI DAERAH ALIRAN SUNGAI KOLOH PASIRAN LOMBOK TIMUR." ECOTROPHIC : Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan (Journal of Environmental Science) 9, no. 1 (May 1, 2015): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/ejes.2015.v09.i01.p08.
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Erosion is a form of land degradation is very serious in Koloh Pasiran watershed. This condition perceived more severe by the fact that the understanding of the process of saving the natural resources of forest, soil and water have not received maximum attention. This is evidenced by the presence of illegal logging, forest fires around the area of the watershed during the dry season and flooding during every rainy season. Therefore, the research conducted with the aim to: 1) determine the level of erosion and soil and water conservation planning in the Koloh Pasiran watershed, 2) determine the land capability class in Koloh Pasiran watershed and 3) to plan land use capability classes based on erosion rate. Observations and sampling of soil samples for prediction of erosion, soil conservation and classification approach according, planning based on common land unit. This land unit maps obtained from the land use maps overlay by slope, soil and land use maps done by estimating the magnitude of the erosion equation USLE (Universal Soil Loss Equation) of Wischmeier and Smit (1978). Determine land capability class with land capability classification approach according Arsyad (1989). Land use planning and soil and water conservation in addition to using USLE equation also uses land capability classification according Arsyad (1989). The results show the level of erosion prediction calculation slight to very severe erosion. Mixture of garden soil with a 2% slope erosion rates relatively slight. Dry land with a slope of 2% classified as severe erosion and the shrub land with a slope of 2-3% erosion classified as severe to very severe. While in secondary forest land and primary forests with a slope of 2-25% relatively slight erosion. Land capability class in Koloh Pasiran watershed can be classified into class IV (3 units of land), class V (5 units of land), class VI (1 unit of land) and VIII (2 units of land). The limiting factors are: (e) the slopes are steep and severe erosion rate and (s) low water holding capacity. Direction of land use for high density mixed garden with bench terrace with good construction, dry with good bench terrace construction and given a booster plants around the lip of land, shrub land used for community forestry, agroporestry and natural forests, while for secondary forests and forest maintained primary sustainability
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P.C., Nnabude,, Onunwa, A.O., Ijeoma, E.O., and Madueke, C.O. "EVALUATION OF THE PHYSICO-CHEMICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF AN EXPOSED SOIL PROFILE IN AN EXCAVATED ACRISOL, SOUTHEAST NIGERIA." Environment & Ecosystem Science 5, no. 2 (October 10, 2021): 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/ees.02.2021.129.136.
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Increased population density has led to a lot of pressure on the limited natural/land resources of south-eastern Nigeria. This includes the need for laterite, sand, kaolin, gravel and clay for buildings, backfills and road construction. This has led to extensive unmoderated excavation of these resources, particularly in Anambra state. The excavation has in turns, culminated in increased intensity of land degradation in the state, underscoring the need to characterize and evaluate the land use potentials of such sites to better understand the nature of the soils and the impacts of the attendant land use. Samples were collected from the different horizons of the profile to evaluate the physical, chemical and morphological properties of the soils. Coefficient of variation was used to measure the soil variability within the profile. Land capability class was determined, which informed the land use and management recommendations. The results show that the soil is very deep (>21.5m). The soil texture ranged from sandy clay loam to sandy. Infiltration rate and saturated hydraulic conductivity decreased by up to 300 to 560 % with excavation. The soils were strongly acidic; organic carbon and total nitrogen was low but highly variable; Al, H, Ca, Mg, K, Na, and phosphorus were moderately variable while pH, CEC and base saturation (BS) were the least variable. The land capability class was IIIes. Given the evidence of erosion and preponderance of erodible Nanka sands in the subsoil, the site should be reclaimed as soon as the mining activities are discontinued.
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Szegi, Tamás, E. Tombácz, Zs Czibulya, J. Akagi, and A. Zsolnay. "Quantitative Rheological Indicators for Soil Physical Degradation." Agrokémia és Talajtan 55, no. 1 (March 1, 2006): 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/agrokem.55.2006.1.8.
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A lot of attention is being paid to the understanding of the influence of soil degradation on human life at the beginning of the 21 st century. Among the many types of degradation processes, structural degradation is widespread on huge areas in Europe. For better control, it is needed to get familiar with all the driving forces, the main reasons that lead to soil degradation (Várallyay, 2003; ESB, 2002). In addition to unfavourable natural conditions, inappropriate land use has an important impact on micro-aggregate stability and the rate of tolerance to deformation forces, such as cultivation and erosion. Rheological measurements provide new quantitative information on particle-particle interaction, the colloidal stability and structure of concentrated suspensions in general. Field samples from loess derived agricultural soils were investigated. In addition to general laboratory analyses (soil organic matter content, CaCO 3 content, CEC), conventional, simple aggregate stability, and water retention measurements and rheology were applied for investigating the micro-aggregate stability of the samples. The evaluation of pseudoplastic flow curves indicated close relationships between the strength and stability of the physical network and the composition of the suspensions. These soil properties have strong, well-defined connection with tolerating cultivation and capability for erosion.
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Abd-Elmabod, Sameh, Noura Bakr, Miriam Muñoz-Rojas, Paulo Pereira, Zhenhua Zhang, Artemi Cerdà, Antonio Jordán, Hani Mansour, Diego De la Rosa, and Laurence Jones. "Assessment of Soil Suitability for Improvement of Soil Factors and Agricultural Management." Sustainability 11, no. 6 (March 15, 2019): 1588. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11061588.
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The dramatic growth of the world’s population is increasing the pressure on natural resources, particularly on soil systems. At the same time, inappropriate agricultural practices are causing widespread soil degradation. Improved management of soil resources and identification of the potential agricultural capability of soils is therefore needed to prevent further land degradation, particularly in dryland areas such as Egypt. Here, we present a case study in the El-Fayoum depression (Northern Egypt) to model and map soil suitability for 12 typical Mediterranean crops. Two management scenarios were analyzed: the current situation (CS) and an optimal scenario (OS) of soil variables. The Almagra model was applied to estimate soil suitability under CS and OS. Management options based on the CS assessment were proposed to reduce some limiting factors: a fixed value of 2 dSm−1 for soil salinity and 5% for sodium saturation; these defined the OS. Under optimal management, the OS scenario showed potential, where a notable increase of the area covered by a high suitability class (around 80%) for annual and semi-annual crops was observed. There was also a marked increase (about 70% for CS and 50% for OS) for perennial crops shifting from the marginal to moderate soil suitability class. The results reveal the importance of proper management to massively alter soil suitability into better states in order to achieve sustainable land use in this fertile agro-ecosystem.
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Fonataba, Brenda, Prima Jiwa Osly, and Irfan Ihsani. "CLASSIFICATION OF LAND CAPABILITY IN MANOKWARI AREA USING GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM (GIS)." Jurnal Infrastruktur 6, no. 2 (October 30, 2020): 129–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.35814/infrastruktur.v6i2.1721.
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The Land is a natural resource that has limitations to accommodate human activities in land use. Utilization of land for residential land, regional development or, other land uses sometimes creates many environmental problems such as degradation of land quality and disturbance of natural balance. The increasing need for and competition in land use for regional development in Manokwari Regency requires careful thought in making decisions about the most beneficial use of limited land resources. Land Capability Classification is directed to determine the potential of land for broad land use based on suitable methods of use. The research variables used are nine Land Capability Units (LCU), namely LCU Morphology, LCU Slope Stability, LCU for Foundation Stability, LCU Water Availability, LCU Ease of Doing, LCU Against Erosion, LCU for Waste Disposal, LCU for Drainage and LCU for Natural Disasters. All LCU are analyzed using input in the form of factors limiting land capability consisting of maps of elevation, slope, soil type, rainfall, watershed, geology, natural disasters, and land use. The analysis produces an output in the form of a land capability classification map from the results of the digital spatial analysis process using a Geographical Information System (GIS).
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Riniarti, Melya, and Agus Setiawan. "Status Kesuburan Tanah Pada Dua Tutupan Lahan Di Kesatuan Pengelolaan Hutan Lindung (Kphl) Batutegi Lampung." Jurnal Sylva Lestari 2, no. 2 (May 9, 2014): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jsl2299-104.
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Land cover changing would influence the availability of nutriens and others soil properties. In the forest areas, forest clearing would lead land degradation. KPHL Batutegi was catchment area for Batutegi dam. The ilegal logging that still occure in that area raising important question about the soil fertility status in that region. Its related to soil capability to the plant growth. The aims of this study was to get information about soil fertility status in two type of land cover, which was secondary forest and one year mixed coffee plantation. Soil sample was taking by purpose sampling on two type of land cover in KPHL Batutegi. One year mixed coffee plantation opened by illegal loging with fired. Intact soil samples were taken using the ring samples, while for the disturbed soil was done by the composite. Parameters observed were nutrients contain (N, P, and C-organic), pH, CEC, soil thickness, total pores and textur. The result showed that there no different on nutrient status and chemical soil properties between two land cover type. It was important from this study obtained that about 10 cm soil lost after one year land clearing from secondary forest to mixed coffee plantation.
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Darwish, Talal, Thérèse Atallah, and Ali Fadel. "Challenges of soil carbon sequestration in the NENA region." SOIL 4, no. 3 (September 26, 2018): 225–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/soil-4-225-2018.
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Abstract. The Near East North Africa (NENA) region spans over 14 % of the total surface of the Earth and hosts 10 % of its population. Soils of the NENA region are mostly highly vulnerable to degradation, and future food security will much depend on sustainable agricultural measures. Weather variability, drought and depleting vegetation are dominant causes of the decline in soil organic carbon (SOC). In this work the status of SOC was studied, using a land capability model and soil mapping. The land capability model showed that most NENA countries and territories (17 out of 20) suffer from low productive lands (> 80 %). Stocks of SOC were mapped (1:5 000 000) in topsoils (0–0.30 m) and subsoils (0.30–1 m). The maps showed that 69 % of soil resources are shown to have a stock of SOC below the threshold of 30 tons ha−1. The stocks varied between ≈10 tons ha−1 in shrublands and 60 tons ha−1 for evergreen forests. Highest stocks were found in forests, irrigated crops, mixed orchards and saline flooded vegetation. The stocks of soil inorganic carbon (SIC) were higher than those of SOC. In subsoils, the SIC ranged between 25 and 450 tons ha−1, against 20 to 45 tons ha−1 for SOC. Results highlight the contribution of the NENA region to global SOC stock in the topsoil (4.1 %). The paper also discusses agricultural practices that are favorable to carbon sequestration such as organic amendment, no till or minimum tillage, crop rotation and mulching and the constraints caused by geomorphological and climatic conditions. The effects of crop rotations on SOC are related to the amounts of above and belowground biomass produced and retained in the system. Some knowledge gaps exist, especially in aspects related to the impact of climate change and effect of irrigation on SOC, and on SIC at the level of the soil profile and soil landscape. Still, major constraints facing soil carbon sequestration are policy-relevant and socioeconomic in nature, rather than scientific.
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BYTYQI, Valbon Xh. "THE IMPACTS OF SETTLEMENT EXTENSION ON SOIL RESOURCES: A CASE STUDY IN DRENICA RIVER BASIN (KOSOVO)." Media Komunikasi Geografi 19, no. 1 (July 20, 2018): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/mkg.v19i1.13951.
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Rapid extension of settlements in Kosovo has made major changes in land use and land cover. Migration of population towards plains has reduced the number of inhabitants in hilly-mountainous areas where low fertile soils are found. Significant part of agricultural land are changed from primary destination, and agricultural potentials are reduced. Urbanization in many cases is made in unplanned way, and in our study area in Drenica River basin are observed land degradation forms and other environmental transformations where in some cases the risk of flooding increased and floods appeared. This study about Drenica River basin will discuss aspects of the influence of morphology, water flows, and the land capability in the distribution of population, and will be a contribution to sustainable urbanization of settlements and agricultural land preservation. In order to accomplish the research are used satellite images, maps of different years, and the census data for the purpose of better coverage that has influence in the process of urbanization on soil resources in Drenica River basin (Kosovo).
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de Menezes, Alexandre B., Miranda T. Prendergast-Miller, Pabhon Poonpatana, Mark Farrell, Andrew Bissett, Lynne M. Macdonald, Peter Toscas, Alan E. Richardson, and Peter H. Thrall. "C/N Ratio Drives Soil Actinobacterial Cellobiohydrolase Gene Diversity." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 81, no. 9 (February 20, 2015): 3016–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00067-15.
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ABSTRACTCellulose accounts for approximately half of photosynthesis-fixed carbon; however, the ecology of its degradation in soil is still relatively poorly understood. The role of actinobacteria in cellulose degradation has not been extensively investigated despite their abundance in soil and known cellulose degradation capability. Here, the diversity and abundance of the actinobacterial glycoside hydrolase family 48 (cellobiohydrolase) gene in soils from three paired pasture-woodland sites were determined by using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis and clone libraries with gene-specific primers. For comparison, the diversity and abundance of general bacteria and fungi were also assessed. Phylogenetic analysis of the nucleotide sequences of 80 clones revealed significant new diversity of actinobacterial GH48 genes, and analysis of translated protein sequences showed that these enzymes are likely to represent functional cellobiohydrolases. The soil C/N ratio was the primary environmental driver of GH48 community compositions across sites and land uses, demonstrating the importance of substrate quality in their ecology. Furthermore, mid-infrared (MIR) spectrometry-predicted humic organic carbon was distinctly more important to GH48 diversity than to total bacterial and fungal diversity. This suggests a link between the actinobacterial GH48 community and soil organic carbon dynamics and highlights the potential importance of actinobacteria in the terrestrial carbon cycle.
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Madueke, Chike Onyeke, Ikokwu Kalu Okore, Ebubechukwu Chizoba Maduekeh, Akudo Ogechukwu Onunwa, Maduabuchi Johnbosco Okafor, Emmanuel Chinweike Nnabuihe, and Tochukwu Victor Nwosu. "COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF TROPICAL RAINFOREST SOILS FORMED FROM DIFFERENT GEOLOGIC FORMATIONS IN SOUTHEASTERN NIGERIA." Environment & Ecosystem Science 5, no. 1 (April 21, 2021): 47–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/ees.01.2021.47.57.
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Data on the nature, properties and potentials of soils is grossly inadequate in the rainforest belt of southeastern Nigeria. As such, policymakers and other land users have tended to subscribe to unduly generalized ideas about the soils of the region. This has led to improper land use planning and aggravated land degradation. This necessitated the need for the comparative evaluation of the nature and potentials of the soils of the region to determine their degree of variability. Profile pits were dug in four towns underlain by different geologic formations: Umungwa (Benin Formation), Umuawa Ogii (Nsukka Formation), Ikpem (Igbaku Sandstones) and Amuro (Imo Clay Shales). The soils were characterized and classified using the World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Soil Taxonomy and land capability classification. The variability of soils across the different sites was subsequently analysed using the coefficient of variation (CV). The results show that the variability of sand across the study sites was moderate (20 – 21 %), silt was high (63 %), clay ranged from moderate (34 %) to high (52 %), while hydraulic conductivity was very high (128 – 144 %). Similarly, with regards to the chemical properties, soil pH and base saturation ranged from moderate (20 – 49 %) to high (52 %), while effective cation exchange capacity (ECEC) and aluminium saturation were high (70 – 77 %). It was concluded that the soils of southeastern Nigeria are very heterogeneous. Undue generalization should consequently be discouraged.
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Guidolini, Janaína, Jean Ometto, Gustavo Arcoverde, and Angélica Giarolla. "Environmental Land Use Conflicts in a Macroscale River Basin: A Preliminary Study Based on the Ruggedness Number." Water 12, no. 5 (April 25, 2020): 1222. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12051222.
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Inadequate land use planning is one of the main driving forces leading to the occurrence of erosion and environmental degradation. The negative impacts of poor planning influence soil physical quality and fertility, agricultural productivity, water quality and availability, biodiversity and other ecosystem services. In some areas, actual land use is not consistent with potential use. When this occurs, the area is termed as being in environmental land use conflict. Many studies have demonstrated the efficiency of the ruggedness number (RN) method for determining land use potential in watersheds. The RN method is simple and can be carried out using geographic information systems (GIS). However, the absence of potential land use or agricultural land suitability assessments is recurrent in territorial management plans or integrated water resources plans (IWRP), especially for macroscale river basins. Therefore, the aim of this preliminary study is to identify possible environmental land use conflicts at the Rio Grande Basin (BHRG), Brazil, using the Ruggedness Number. The results indicate high agricultural use potential and the predominance of appropriate or acceptable soil use at the BHRG. However, class 1, 2 and 3 environmental conflicts were identified in some Rio Grande sub-basins, suggesting greater environmental degradation risks. The findings clearly indicate that more exhaustive studies on environmental quality (soil capability, water, biodiversity) are required at the BHRG, especially in environmental land use conflict areas. We emphasize that this is an important preliminary study which may be carried out in any other macroscale hydrographic basin.
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Ottinger, Marco, and Claudia Kuenzer. "Spaceborne L-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar Data for Geoscientific Analyses in Coastal Land Applications: A Review." Remote Sensing 12, no. 14 (July 11, 2020): 2228. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12142228.
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The coastal zone offers among the world’s most productive and valuable ecosystems and is experiencing increasing pressure from anthropogenic impacts: human settlements, agriculture, aquaculture, trade, industrial activities, oil and gas exploitation and tourism. Earth observation has great capability to deliver valuable data at the local, regional and global scales and can support the assessment and monitoring of land- and water-related applications in coastal zones. Compared to optical satellites, cloud-cover does not limit the timeliness of data acquisition with spaceborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) sensors, which have all-weather, day and night capabilities. Hence, active radar systems demonstrate great potential for continuous mapping and monitoring of coastal regions, particularly in cloud-prone tropical and sub-tropical climates. The canopy penetration capability with long radar wavelength enables L-band SAR data to be used for coastal terrestrial environments and has been widely applied and investigated for the following geoscientific topics: mapping and monitoring of flooded vegetation and inundated areas; the retrieval of aboveground biomass; and the estimation of soil moisture. Human activities, global population growth, urban sprawl and climate change-induced impacts are leading to increased pressure on coastal ecosystems causing land degradation, deforestation and land use change. This review presents a comprehensive overview of existing research articles that apply spaceborne L-band SAR data for geoscientific analyses that are relevant for coastal land applications.
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Das, Payal, Priyanka Bora, Nandita Paul, and Nabanita Bhattacharyya. "Vegetation composition and assessment of phytotoxicity in a paper mill dumpsite." Plant Science Today 8, no. 1 (January 5, 2021): 140–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.14719/pst.2021.8.1.947.
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The solid waste dumpsites of pulp and paper industries are prone to be turned into degraded lands due to the loss of vegetation cover. Such sites often possess drought, salinity and pH stresses as well as heavy metal contamination. Restoration of top soil by creating vegetation cover has proved to be the most sustainable approach to check land degradation. Therefore, to find some stress-tolerant species capable of creating vegetation cover in paper mill dumpsites, a vegetation composition study was conducted in a paper mill dumpsite. A total of seven plant species viz., Calotropis gigantea (L.) Dryand., Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M. King & H. Rob, Mikania scandens (L.) Willd., R. communis L., Rotheca serrata (L.) Steane & Mabb., Senna sophera (L.) Roxb. and Solanum myriacanthum Dunal were found. To correlate the existence of these plants with stress condition of soil, the level of phytotoxicity in the dumpsite was assessed by studying seed germination status, proline accumulation, leaf relative water content (RWC), leaf pH, total chlorophyll content and ascorbic acid level of Ricinus communis as bioassay indices. The significantly lower percentage of seed germination in dumpsite soil, compared to control, revealed the phytotoxic nature of the soil of the dumpsite. The significantly higher level of proline, RWC, total chlorophyll and ascorbic acid in plant leaves from dumpsites than from the control soils indicated considerable stress in the dumpsite. Soil physicochemical and nutrient status analyses substantiated with the bioassay results. Despite apparent phytotoxicity, the presence of certain plant species in the dumpsite indicated their inherent stress tolerance capability to be prospected.
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Kasim, Nijat, Balati Maihemuti, Rukeya Sawut, Abdugheni Abliz, Cui Dong, and Munira Abdumutallip. "Quantitative Estimation of Soil Salinization in an Arid Region of the Keriya Oasis Based on Multidimensional Modeling." Water 12, no. 3 (March 20, 2020): 880. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12030880.
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Soil salinity is one of the major factors causing land degradation and desertification on earth, especially its important damage to farming activities and land-use management in arid and semiarid regions. The salt-affected land is predominant in the Keriya River area of Northwestern China. Then, there is an urgent need for rapid, accurate, and economical monitoring in the salt-affected land. In this study, we used the electrical conductivity (EC) of 353 ground-truth measurements and predictive capability parameters of WorldView-2 (WV-2), such as satellite band reflectance and newly optimum spectral indices (OSI) based on two dimensional and three-dimensional data. The features of spectral bands were extracted and tested, and different new OSI and soil salinity indices using reflectance of wavebands were built, in which spectral data was pre-processed (based on First Derivative (R-FD), Second Derivative (R-SD), Square data (R-SQ), Reciprocal inverse (1/R), and Reciprocal First Derivative (1/R-FD)), utilizing the partial least-squares regression (PLSR) method to construct estimation models and mapping the regional soil-affected land. The results of this study are the following: (a) the new OSI had a higher relevance to EC than one-dimensional data, and (b) the cross-validation of established PLSR models indicated that the β-PLSR model based on the optimal three-band index with different process algorithm performed the best result with R2V = 0.79, Root Mean Square Errors (RMSEV) = 1.51 dS·m−1, and Relative Percent Deviation (RPD) = 2.01 and was used to map the soil salinity over the study site. The results of the study will be helpful for the study of salt-affected land monitoring and evaluation in similar environmental conditions.
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Terribile, F., A. Agrillo, A. Bonfante, G. Buscemi, M. Colandrea, A. D'Antonio, R. De Mascellis, et al. "A web based spatial decision supporting system for land management and soil conservation." Solid Earth Discussions 7, no. 1 (February 12, 2015): 661–709. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/sed-7-661-2015.
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Abstract. Today it is evident that there are many contrasting demands on our landscape (e.g. food security, more sustainable agriculture, higher income in rural areas, etc.) but also many land degradation problems. It has been proved that providing operational answers to these demands and problems is extremely difficult. Here we aim to demonstrate that a Spatial Decision Support System based on geospatial cyber-infrastructure (GCI) can embody all of the above, so producing a smart system for supporting decision making for agriculture, forestry and urban planning with respect to the landscape. In this paper, we discuss methods and results of a special kind of GCI architecture, one that is highly focused on soil and land conservation (SOILCONSWEB-LIFE+ project). The system allows us to obtain dynamic, multidisciplinary, multiscale, and multifunctional answers to agriculture, forestry and urban planning issues through the web. The system has been applied to and tested in an area of about 20 000 ha in the South of Italy, within the framework of a European LIFE+ project. The paper reports – as a case study – results from two different applications dealing with agriculture (olive growth tool) and environmental protection (soil capability to protect groundwater). Developed with the help of end users, the system is starting to be adopted by local communities. The system indirectly explores a change of paradigm for soil and landscape scientists. Indeed, the potential benefit is shown of overcoming current disciplinary fragmentation over landscape issues by offering – through a smart web based system – truly integrated geospatial knowledge that may be directly and freely used by any end user (http://www.landconsultingweb.eu). This may help bridge the last much important divide between scientists working on the landscape and end users.
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Terribile, F., A. Agrillo, A. Bonfante, G. Buscemi, M. Colandrea, A. D'Antonio, R. De Mascellis, et al. "A Web-based spatial decision supporting system for land management and soil conservation." Solid Earth 6, no. 3 (July 28, 2015): 903–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-6-903-2015.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Today it is evident that there are many contrasting demands on our landscape (e.g. food security, more sustainable agriculture, higher income in rural areas, etc.) as well as many land degradation problems. It has been proved that providing operational answers to these demands and problems is extremely difficult. Here we aim to demonstrate that a spatial decision support system based on geospatial cyberinfrastructure (GCI) can address all of the above, so producing a smart system for supporting decision making for agriculture, forestry, and urban planning with respect to the landscape. In this paper, we discuss methods and results of a special kind of GCI architecture, one that is highly focused on land management and soil conservation. The system allows us to obtain dynamic, multidisciplinary, multiscale, and multifunctional answers to agriculture, forestry, and urban planning issues through the Web. The system has been applied to and tested in an area of about 20 000 ha in the south of Italy, within the framework of a European LIFE+ project (SOILCONSWEB). The paper reports – as a case study – results from two different applications dealing with agriculture (olive growth tool) and environmental protection (soil capability to protect groundwater). Developed with the help of end users, the system is starting to be adopted by local communities. The system indirectly explores a change of paradigm for soil and landscape scientists. Indeed, the potential benefit is shown of overcoming current disciplinary fragmentation over landscape issues by offering – through a smart Web-based system – truly integrated geospatial knowledge that may be directly and freely used by any end user (www.landconsultingweb.eu). This may help bridge the last very important divide between scientists working on the landscape and end users.
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Biasi, Rita, Roberta Farina, and Elena Brunori. "Family Farming Plays an Essential Role in Preserving Soil Functionality: A Study on Active Managed and Abandoned Traditional Tree Crop-Based Systems." Sustainability 13, no. 7 (April 2, 2021): 3967. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13073967.
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In traditional agricultural areas, where traditional crops (TCs) are cultivated, small farms are still highly represented. Located prevalently in marginal and sensitive areas, agricultural areas have undergone deep transformation. Smallholders have maintained the traditional asset of cultivation (extensive and low input requirement management) only to some extent. In some cases they have adapted traditional orchards into more intensive planting systems. Frequently, they have abandoned agriculture. The land use and management influence soil functions, i.e., the capability of a specific soil to provide key functions in terrestrial ecosystems. In order to assess whether small farms are environmentally sustainable, we used a set of soil quality indicators in three traditional tree crops in the Latium region (central Italy), like hazelnut, grapevine, and Citrus. The soil parameters, chemical, biological, and biochemical, were quantified under three different management models: extensive cultivation, intensive cultivation, and abandonment. The selected set of indicators proved to be able to discriminate adequately between the management models and to be suitable for the soil health assessment. Results proved that hazelnut orchards stored more organic C, independently from farming management, while vineyard showed the lower total organic carbon (TOC). The microbial carbon vs. organic carbon ratio (Cmic-to Corg ratio) was higher for vineyards and Citrus groves, denoting a more active degradation of soil organic matter. Soil enzymes (ESs) involved in C cycle were variable along the different treatments and mainly influenced by the C inputs to soil and soil cover, whereas those involved in N, P, and S cycles were higher in abandoned and extensive TCs. Overall, extensive cultivation performed better in terms of soil quality than intensive or abandonment. This study suggests that a transition to an agriculture based on agroecological principles and toward extensification would provide significant soil-based environmental benefits in marginal sensitive areas.
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Padhee, S. K., B. R. Nikam, S. P. Aggarwal, and V. Garg. "Integrating effective drought index (EDI) and remote sensing derived parameters for agricultural drought assessment and prediction in Bundelkhand region of India." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-8 (November 27, 2014): 89–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-8-89-2014.
Full textAbstract:
Drought is an extreme condition due to moisture deficiency and has adverse effect on society. Agricultural drought occurs when restraining soil moisture produces serious crop stress and affects the crop productivity. The soil moisture regime of rain-fed agriculture and irrigated agriculture behaves differently on both temporal and spatial scale, which means the impact of meteorologically and/or hydrological induced agriculture drought will be different in rain-fed and irrigated areas. However, there is a lack of agricultural drought assessment system in Indian conditions, which considers irrigated and rain-fed agriculture spheres as separate entities. On the other hand recent advancements in the field of earth observation through different satellite based remote sensing have provided researchers a continuous monitoring of soil moisture, land surface temperature and vegetation indices at global scale, which can aid in agricultural drought assessment/monitoring. Keeping this in mind, the present study has been envisaged with the objective to develop agricultural drought assessment and prediction technique by spatially and temporally assimilating effective drought index (EDI) with remote sensing derived parameters. The proposed technique takes in to account the difference in response of rain-fed and irrigated agricultural system towards agricultural drought in the Bundelkhand region (The study area). <br><br> The key idea was to achieve the goal by utilizing the integrated scenarios from meteorological observations and soil moisture distribution. EDI condition maps were prepared from daily precipitation data recorded by Indian Meteorological Department (IMD), distributed within the study area. With the aid of frequent MODIS products viz. vegetation indices (VIs), and land surface temperature (LST), the coarse resolution soil moisture product from European Space Agency (ESA) were downscaled using linking model based on Triangle method to a finer resolution soil moisture product. EDI and spatially downscaled soil moisture products were later used with MODIS 16 days NDVI product as key elements to assess and predict agricultural drought in irrigated and rain-fed agricultural systems in Bundelkhand region of India. Meteorological drought, soil moisture deficiency and NDVI degradation were inhabited for each and every pixel of the image in GIS environment, for agricultural impact assessment at a 16 day temporal scale for Rabi seasons (October–April) between years 2000 to 2009. Based on the statistical analysis, good correlations were found among the parameters EDI and soil moisture anomaly; NDVI anomaly and soil moisture anomaly lagged to 16 days and these results were exploited for the development of a linear prediction model. The predictive capability of the developed model was validated on the basis of spatial distribution of predicted NDVI which was compared with MODIS NDVI product in the beginning of preceding Rabi season (Oct–Dec of 2010).The predictions of the model were based on future meteorological data (year 2010) and were found to be yielding good results. The developed model have good predictive capability based on future meteorological data (rainfall data) availability, which enhances its utility in analyzing future Agricultural conditions if meteorological data is available.
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Mooney, C., and D. Farrier. "A micro case study of the legal and administrative arrangements for river health in the Kangaroo River (NSW)." Water Science and Technology 45, no. 11 (June 1, 2002): 161–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2002.0391.
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Kangaroo Valley is a drinking water supply catchment for Kangaroo Valley village, parts of the Southern Highlands and Sydney. It is also a popular recreation area both for swimming and canoeing. Land use has traditionally been dominated by dairy farming but there has been significant and continuing development of land for hobby farms and rural residential subdivision. Dairy industry restructuring has affected the viability of some farms in the Valley and created additional pressure for subdivision. River health is a function of flows, water quality, riparian vegetation, geomorphology and aquatic habitat and riverine biota. River flows in the Kangaroo River are affected by water extraction and storage for urban water supply and extraction by commercial irrigators and riparian land holders which have a significant impact at low flows. Current water quality often does not meet ANZECC Guidelines for primary contact and recreation and the river is a poor source of raw drinking water. Key sources of contaminants are wastewater runoff from agriculture, and poorly performing on-site sewage management systems. Riparian vegetation, which is critical to the maintenance of in-stream ecosystems suffers from uncontrolled stock access and weed infestation. The management of land use and resulting diffuse pollution sources is critical to the long term health of the river. The Healthy Rivers Commission of New South Wales Independent Inquiry into the Shoalhaven River System Final Report July, 1999 found that the longer term protection of the health of the Kangaroo River is contingent upon achievement of patterns of land use that have regard to land capability and also to the capability of the river to withstand the impacts of inappropriate or poorly managed land uses. This micro case study of Kangaroo Valley examines the complex legal and administrative arrangements with particular reference to the management of diffuse pollution for river health. In the past, diffuse pollution has fallen through the gaps in legislation and its administration. Although water pollution legislation is broad enough to embrace diffuse pollution, in practice the Environment Protection Authority has focused on regulating point sources. Water legislation has traditionally been concerned with issues of water quantity rather than water quality. Legislation which allows agency intervention in relation to land degradation has grown from soil conservation roots, neglecting the flow-on effects upon water quality. Under the land use planning system existing land uses are protected from new regulatory requirements. A number of recent developments in NSW law and its administration have set the scene for addressing this past neglect. Water planning provisions in the Water Management Act 2000 have the potential to enable community based Water Management Committees to move away from a narrow focus on water quantity to the broader issues of river health, including water quality. Improved management of on-site sewage management systems is expected as a result of the Local Government (Approvals) Amendment (Sewage Management Regulation) 1998. A draft Regional Environmental Plan prepared for the Sydney Catchment Authority aims to improve the assessment of new development in terms of its impact on drinking water quality. It also moves away from an exclusive concern with controlling new development towards grappling with existing uses. Proposed amendments to the Environmental Planning and Assessment Act, 1979 as detailed in the White Paper, Plan First (2001) include the integration of imperatives derived from catchment strategies and water management plans into local land use plans.
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Francisco, Paulo Roberto Megna, Frederico Campos Pereira, Ziany Neiva Brandão, João Henrique Zonta, Djail Santos, and José Vanildo Do Nascimento Silva. "Mapeamento da Aptidão Edáfica para Fruticultura Segundo o Zoneamento Agropecuário do Estado da Paraíba (Mapping of the edaphic suitability for fruit production)." Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 8, no. 2 (December 1, 2015): 377. http://dx.doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v8.2.p377-390.
Full textAbstract:
A produção agrícola é fortemente influenciada pelas condições edafoclimáticas do local e tem sido um dos principais fatores limitantes da produção. Técnicas de identificação de áreas aptas com base em informações do solo e clima possibilitam a definição dos ambientes agroecologicamente favoráveis para exploração agrícola, contribuindo com a redução dos riscos de degradação do ambiente. Neste sentido, este trabalho pretendeu reunir, mapear e disponibilizar as informações sobre a aptidão edáfica destas culturas e contribuir com a utilização racional das terras do Estado da Paraíba.Na metodologia adotada baseou-se no Zoneamento Agropecuário do Estado da Paraíba e o seu respectivo mapa de solos onde foi digitalizado e ajustado com base no mapa de solos do Plano Estadual de Recursos Hídricos utilizando o software SPRING 5.1.5. Com base do mapa de solos e o Relatório onde consta a identificação dos polígonos e suas respectivas classes foi possível elaborar o mapa de capacidade de uso das terras e elaborado os mapas de aptidão edáfica das culturas do Abacaxi, Banana, Caju e Coco-da-baía.Os resultados demonstraram que apenas em 4,83%, 16,20% e 17,91% da área total do estado apresenta aptidão plena para a cultura do abacaxi, banana, caju e coco respectivamente. Verificou-se que 62,57%, 56,37% e 55,39% da área é considerada inapta para a exploração das culturas do abacaxi, banana, caju e coco respectivamente. As maiores limitações ocorridas são devidas aos solos predominantes no estado. As culturas mapeadas devem ser cultivadas preferencialmente sob irrigação. AB S TRA C T Agricultural production is heavily influenced by the climate conditions of the site and has been one of the main factors affecting the production techniques and identification of suitable areas based on soil and climate information to enable the definition of environments favorable for agroecologic farm, contributing to reducing the risk of environmental degradation. Thus, this work aims to gather, mapping and provide information on the edaphyc suitability of these crops and contribute to the rational use of land in the state of Paraiba. In the methodology adopted was based on the Agricultural Zoning of the State of Paraíba and their respective soil map, which was digitalized and adjusted based on the soil of the State Water Resources Plan map using SPRING 5.1.5 software. Based on the soil map and the report which contains the identification of the polygons and their respective classes was possible to elaborate the capability to map land use and prepared maps of the soil aptitude of crops Pineapple, Banana, Coconut, and Cashews. The results showed that only 4.83%, 16.20% and 17.91% of the total area of the state has full aptitude for the pineapple, banana, cashew and coconut respectively. It was found that 62.57%, 56.37% and 55.39% of the area is considered inept for operation of cultures pineapple, banana, cashews, and coconut respectively. The major limitations are occurring due to the predominant soils in the state. Mapped cultures should preferably be grown under irrigation. Keywords: GIS, Agricultural Planning, Rational Use.
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Haverd, Vanessa, Benjamin Smith, Lars Nieradzik, Peter R. Briggs, William Woodgate, Cathy M. Trudinger, Josep G. Canadell, and Matthias Cuntz. "A new version of the CABLE land surface model (Subversion revision r4601) incorporating land use and land cover change, woody vegetation demography, and a novel optimisation-based approach to plant coordination of photosynthesis." Geoscientific Model Development 11, no. 7 (July 27, 2018): 2995–3026. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-2995-2018.
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Abstract. The Community Atmosphere–Biosphere Land Exchange model (CABLE) is a land surface model (LSM) that can be applied stand-alone and provides the land surface–atmosphere exchange within the Australian Community Climate and Earth System Simulator (ACCESS). We describe new developments that extend the applicability of CABLE for regional and global carbon–climate simulations, accounting for vegetation responses to biophysical and anthropogenic forcings. A land use and land cover change module driven by gross land use transitions and wood harvest area was implemented, tailored to the needs of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6 (CMIP6). Novel aspects include the treatment of secondary woody vegetation, which benefits from a tight coupling between the land use module and the Population Orders Physiology (POP) module for woody demography and disturbance-mediated landscape heterogeneity. Land use transitions and harvest associated with secondary forest tiles modify the annually resolved patch age distribution within secondary vegetated tiles, in turn affecting biomass accumulation and turnover rates and hence the magnitude of the secondary forest sink. Additionally, we implemented a novel approach to constrain modelled GPP consistent with the coordination hypothesis and predicted by evolutionary theory, which suggests that electron-transport- and Rubisco-limited rates adjust seasonally and across biomes to be co-limiting. We show that the default prior assumption – common to CABLE and other LSMs – of a fixed ratio of electron transport to carboxylation capacity at standard temperature (Jmax, 0∕Vcmax, 0) is at odds with this hypothesis; we implement an alternative algorithm for dynamic optimisation of this ratio such that coordination is achieved as an outcome of fitness maximisation. The results have significant implications for the magnitude of the simulated CO2 fertilisation effect on photosynthesis in comparison to alternative estimates and observational proxies. These new developments enhance CABLE's capability for use within an Earth system model and in stand-alone applications to attribute trends and variability in the terrestrial carbon cycle to regions, processes and drivers. Model evaluation shows that the new model version satisfies several key observational constraints: (i) trend and interannual variations in the global land carbon sink, including sensitivities of interannual variations to global precipitation and temperature anomalies; (ii) centennial trends in global GPP; (iii) coordination of Rubisco-limited and electron-transport-limited photosynthesis; (iv) spatial distributions of global ET, GPP, biomass and soil carbon; and (v) age-dependent rates of biomass accumulation in boreal, temperate and tropical secondary forests. CABLE simulations agree with recent independent assessments of the global land–atmosphere flux partition that use a combination of atmospheric inversions and bottom-up constraints. In particular, there is agreement that the strong CO2-driven sink in the tropics is largely cancelled by net deforestation and forest degradation emissions, leaving the Northern Hemisphere (NH) extratropics as the dominant contributor to the net land sink.
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Wen, Yanan, Min Xiao, Zhaochuan Chen, Wenxi Zhang, and Fujun Yue. "Seasonal Variations of Dissolved Organic Matter in Urban Rivers of Northern China." Land 12, no. 2 (January 18, 2023): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12020273.
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Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is ubiquitously present in aquatic environments, playing an important role in the global carbon cycle and water quality. It is necessary to reveal the potential sources and explore spatiotemporal variation of DOM in rivers, especially in urban zones impacted by human activities. It was designed to aim to explore spatiotemporal variations of DOM in urban rivers and ascertain the influencing factors. In this study, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations, UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, and 3D fluorescence spectroscopy combined with parallel factor analysis were utilized to characterize DOM composition in urban rivers (the Jiyun, Chaobai, and Yongding rivers) in Tianjin city, northern China. The results showed that DOC (1.28 to 25.85 mg·L−1), generally, was at its highest level in spring, followed by summer, and lowest in autumn and winter, and that the absorption parameters E250:365 (condensation degree/molecular weight, 7.88), SUVA254 (aromaticity, 3.88 L mg C−1 m−1), a355 (content of chromophores, 4.34 m−1), a260 (hydrophobicity, 22.02 m−1), and SR (molecular weight, 1.08) of CDOM (chromophoric DOM) suggested that DOM is mainly composed of low-molecular-weight fulvic acid and protein-like moieties, and had the capability of participating in pollutant migrations and transformations. The results demonstrated significant seasonal differences. Generally, high DOC content was detected in rivers in urban suburbs, due to anthropogenic inputs. Three fluorescence components were identified, and the fluorescence intensity of the protein class reached the highest value, 294.47 QSU, in summer. Different types of land use have different effects on the compositions of riverine DOM; more protein-like DOM was found in sections of urban rivers. The correlation between DOC concentration and the CDOM absorption coefficient was found to be unstable due to deleterious input from industrial and agricultural wastewater and from domestic sewage from human activities. HIX and BIX elucidated that the source of CDOM in three river watersheds was influenced by both terrestrial and autochthonous sources, and the latter prevailed over the former. Geospatial data analysis indicated that CDOM in autumn was sourced from plant detritus degradation from forest land or from the urban green belt; construction land had a great influence on DOC and CDOM in riparian buffer areas. It was revealed that DOM in the watershed is highly impacted by nature and human activities through land use, soil erosion, and surface runoff/underground percolation transport; domestic sewage discharge constituted the primary source and was the greatest determiner among the impacts.
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Suyana, Jaka. "Perencanaan Usaha Tani Lahan Kering Berkelanjutan Berbasis Tembakaudi Sub-DAS Progo Hulu (Kabupaten Temanggung, Provinsi Jawa Tengah)." Buletin Tanaman Tembakau, Serat & Minyak Industri 6, no. 1 (October 10, 2016): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/bultas.v6n1.2014.32-49.
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<p>Akibat dari teknik budi daya yang kurang mengindahkan kaidah konservasi tanah dan air, pada kemiringan berbukit dan curam, serta curah hujan yang tinggi pada usaha tani lahan kering berbasis tembakau di Sub-DAS Progo Hulu telah menyebabkan terjadinya erosi yang parah dan degradasi lahan. Penelitian ini bertuju-an: (1) mengkaji kondisi biofisik lahan dan karakteristik usaha tani lahan kering berbasis tembakau di Sub-DAS Progo hulu; (2) mengkaji pengaruh teknologi konservasi tanah dan air (KTA) spesifik lokasi terhadap limpasan permukaan dan erosi; dan (3) merumuskan perencanaan sistem pertanian konservasi untuk mewu-judkan sistem usaha tani lahan kering berkelanjutan berbasis tembakau di Sub-DAS Progo Hulu. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan metode survei, percobaan lapangan, dan analisis di laboratorium. Data karakteristik lahan, karakteristik usaha tani, serta data limpasan permukaan dan erosi dianalisis secara deskriptif dan dilan-jutkan dengan analisis ragam (uji F) dan uji HSD 5%. Selanjutnya pengembangan rekomendasi agroteknolo-gi diformulasikan melalui teknik simulasi dengan program Powersim Versi 2.5d. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa penggunaan lahan pada usaha tani lahan kering berbasis tembakau di Sub-DAS Progo Hulu pada umumnya (58,4%) sesuai dengan kelas kemampuan lahan dan sisanya 41,6% tidak sesuai dengan kelas ke-mampuan lahan. Terdapat 77,2% lahan memiliki nilai prediksi erosi lebih besar dari nilai erosi yang dapat di-toleransikan (ETol) dan perlu penyempurnaan dalam teknologi KTA. Usaha tani lahan kering berbasis usaha tani tembakau di Sub-DAS Progo Hulu didominasi pola tanam jagung-tembakau (51,0%) dan cabai-temba-au (29,2%), dengan pendapatan usaha tani masih di atas nilai kebutuhan hidup layak (KHL). Perlakuan pem-berian mulsa batang tembakau dikombinasikan rumput penguat teras (<em>Setaria spacelata</em>) dapat menekan erosi 15–19% pada dosis 7 ton/ha dan 31–43% pada dosis 14 ton/ha batang tembakau, sedangkan tumpang sari koro merah dengan tembakau dikombinasikan penggunaan mulsa batang tembakau 7 ton/ha dapat menekan erosi 13–20%. Pengembangan usaha tani lahan kering berkelanjutan berbasis tembakau di Sub-DAS Progo Hulu dapat diwujudkan dengan penyempurnaan teknologi KTA yang meliputi: (a) perlakuan rumput setaria sebagai penguat teras + mulsa batang tembakau 7 ton/ha atau perlakuan tumpang sari koro merah dengan tembakau + mulsa batang tembakau 7 ton/ha pada kemiringan lereng 8–15%; (b) teras miring + perlakuan rorak pada kemiringan lereng 15–30%; dan (c) perlakuan rumput setaria sebagai penguat teras miring + mulsa batang tembakau 14 ton/ha + rorak pada kemiringan lereng >30%.</p><p> </p>Due to inadequate soil and water conservation practices in farming activity at tobacco based farming sys-tems, severe erosion and land degradation had been occuring in almost all upland agriculture in Progo Hulu Sub-watershed. This research was conducted: (1) to study land’s biophysic conditions and the characteris-tics of tobacco based farming systems, (2) to study and analyze the impact of various soil and water conser-vation practices on erosion, (3) to study and design sustainable conservation farming systems in tobacco based farming systems. This research by using a survey method, field experiments, and laboratory analysis.<p>Data characteristics of land, farm characteristics, surface run off and erosion by using descriptive analyzed and followed by analysis of variance (F test) and 5% HSD test. The development of agrotechnology recom-mendations formulated by simulation techniques using program Powersim Version 2.5 d. The results showed that land use in tobacco-based farming systems at Progo-Hulu sub-watershed was generally (58.4%) suitable to its land capability and 41.6% were not suitable. The predicted erosion on approximately 77.2% of lands were higher than local tollerable soil loss which need improvement of soil and water conservation techniques. Tobacco based farming systems was dominated by maize-tobacco (51.0%) and chili-tobacco (29.2%) cropping patterns; farmers income on this farming systems were higher than the income that can support worthed life living standard. The application of crop residue (tobacco stems) as mulch with rate of 7 tones/ha and 14 tones/ha combined with grassed bench terraces ((<em>Setaria spacelata</em>) reduced erosion as much as 15–19% and 31–43%, respectively. Meanwhile, red bean-tobacco intercropping combined with crop residue mulch of 7 tones/ ha had suppressed erosion 13–20%. Sustainable tobacco-based farming systems could be developed in this area by practicing improved soil and water conservation technologies with: (a) setaria grass to strengthen terraces + 7 tones/ha of crop residue mulch or red bean and tobacco intercropping + 7 tones/ha of crop residue mulch on 8–15% slope; (b) broad base terraces + adequate slit pit on 15–30% slope; and (c) setaria grass to strengthen broadbase terraces + 14 ton/ha of crop residue mulch + adequate slit pit on >30% slope.</p>
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Amankwaa-Yeboah, P., S. Yeboah, N. Kyei-Baffour, W. A. Agyare, and E. Otoo. "The Design and Technical Performance of Two Aeroponic Systems in Ghana." Journal of Agricultural Science 14, no. 5 (April 15, 2022): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v14n5p104.
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Climate change and its associated variabilities is having major impacts on agricultural production across the globe. Sustainable production options that reduce the vulnerability of the food system to climate change impacts are being advocated for, with a lot of ongoing research in that direction. Aeroponics production, a soilless production system has been identified as a sustainable system that can produce food with less input (land per unit area, water, nutrient and energy). It also makes for an environmentally friendly production system. In areas of extreme soil degradation and limited land area and water, aeroponics have shown great advantages over geoponics and sustained production, thus improving on food security. The central and northern parts of Ghana where yams are predominantly grown, is challenged with access to fertile lands, rainfall variabilities and other associated threat such as pest and disease outbreaks and seasonal bush fires. The production of seed yam, which form about 25% of the production cost for yam cultivation is hampered by all these challenges. To abate these challenges and improve on the adaptation measures taken by farmers around the region, two aeroponic systems were developed in this research, to be used for the production of seed yams propagated from vine cuttings. Two designs were made: one power independent (the gravity-fed open loop system) and the other power dependent (pressurised close loop system). In the systems design, the following aspects were taken into consideration: selection of head control and emitter; design of laterals and pipe sizes (inlet and outlet pipes); and the selection of growth chamber and feed tank. Apart from the selection of the growth chamber and the design of laterals and outlet pipe, different design considerations were also taken into account for the gravity fed system. This included the selection of drip lines and emitter flow rate. Technical evaluation of the aeroponics systems were done to ascertain its effectiveness as a fertigation system based on the performance indicators for a sprinkler and drip irrigation system. Results from the technical evaluation gave a mister discharge for the power dependent system ranging from 59.00-60.5 kPa. The emitter flow rate, the equivalent evaluation parameter for the power independent system also ranges from 0.10-0.12 L/h. There was a linear correlation between the mister operating pressure, mister discharge and swath diameter for the power-dependent system. For a Christensen’s Coefficient of Uniformity (CU) and Distribution Uniformity (DU) values of 97.52% and 96.16% respectively, the power dependent system can be said to be very efficient in its operations. The same could be said for the power independent system having a CU and DU of 94.49% and 90.80% respectively. These two developed systems have shown their capability to be adopted for u se in seed yam production to reduce some of the associated challenges, especially, access to land, water, seasonal bush fires and pest and disease outbreaks.
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Akhdiya, Alina, Wartono Wartono, Eman Sulaeman, and I. Made Samudra. "Characterization of Profenofos Degrading Bacteria." Jurnal AgroBiogen 14, no. 1 (October 18, 2018): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jbio.v14n1.2018.p37-46.
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<p>Bioremediation is an inexpensive, easy, and safe technology to rehabilitate agricultural land which is highly polluted with pesticides. The aims of this study were to isolate and characterize profenofos degrading bacteria isolated from Pangalengan soils. The isolation step was carried out by using spread plate method on Nitrate Mineral Salts (NMS) medium containing 100 ppm profenofos. The isolates were selected based on hypersensitive response (HR) and hemolytic test, and ability of the isolates to use and degrade profenofos. The selected isolates were characterized based on the sequence of 16 rRNA and detection of the α and β subunits of terminal deoxygenase and naphtalene dioxygenase encoded genes. Three isolates (CN26, CN44, and CN86), which could use profenofos as the exclusive C source, could degrade more than 86.75% profenofos containing growth medium. Based on the 16S rRNA sequences, the three isolates were closely related to Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (99%), Comamonas terrigena (99%), and Pseudomonas sp. (80%). Pseudomonas CN44 consistenly showed high profenofos degradation activity of up to 91.2% when grown on NMS medium (pH 6.8) for 72 hours. β subunit dioxygenase encoding gene of the isolates were detected using primers Rf2-F/Rf2-R, but optimation of PCR is still needed to detect the α subunit of the gene. Naphtalene dioxygenase gene was detected only from Pseudomonas CN44 using the primer pair 301f/1099r. Based on its biodegradation capability and molecular characteristics, Pseudomonas CN44 is very potential to be developed as a bioremediating agent of profenofos.</p>
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Scholten, Thomas, and Steffen Seitz. "Soil Erosion and Land Degradation." Soil Systems 3, no. 4 (October 22, 2019): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems3040068.
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Kolawole Yinka Odunayo, OrevaOghene Aliku, and OrevaOghene Aliku. "Land degradation rating under different land use types." International Journal of Life Science Research Archive 3, no. 2 (October 30, 2022): 075–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.53771/ijlsra.2022.3.2.0093.
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Soil degradation is a major challenge to agricultural production and often leads to low crop yield in most parts of the world. Hence, a field study was carried out in the University of Ibadan to assess soil physical and chemical properties, and their level of degradation under different land use types. Six land use types consisting of fallow land (FL), arable land (AL), Oil palm plantation (OP), Residential land (RL), paddock (P) and valley bottom (VB) were identified and examined in this study. Disturbed and undisturbed soil samples were obtained from 0-3cm depth and analyzed for their chemical and physical properties using standard procedures. Soil colloidal fractions (organic matter, clay and silt) were integrated to estimate the soil structural stability index (S), while soil degradation rating (SDR) was determined from selected soil physical (Particle size distribution, bulk density and saturated hydraulic conductivity) and chemical (pH, organic carbon, total nitrogen and available phosphorus) properties. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and analysis of variance at α0.05. The land use types were slightly acidic with pH range of 5.7 (FL) to 6.9 (RL). Soil organic carbon differed significantly and was in the order: RL (29.8 g kg-1) > VB (20.0 g kg-1) > P(19.1 g kg-1) > FL (12.3 g kg-1) > OP (11.9 g kg-1) > AL (10.7 g kg-1). Significant differences were recorded for soil bulk density among the land use types. The VB had the lowest value (1.43 Mg m-3), followed by FL (1.52 Mg m-3), OP (1.64 Mg m-3), P (1.66 Mg m-3), RL (1.71 Mg m-3), and highest in AL (1.83 Mg m-3). The S also differed significantly among the land use types and was highest under VB (32.4), while AL had the lowest (3.1). On the average, AL, FL, OP, P and RL appeared to be moderately degraded, while VB was slightly degraded. The soil degradation rating mirrored the adverse effect of agricultural land use types, especially arable land, paddock and oil palm plantation on soil quality. Thus, soil conservation measures such as the use of organic fertilizers and organic mulch should be put in place in order to rehabilitate these land use types.
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Hannam, Ian. "Soil governance and land degradation neutrality." Soil Security 6 (March 2022): 100030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soisec.2021.100030.
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Dregne, H. E. "Land Degradation in the Drylands." Arid Land Research and Management 16, no. 2 (January 2002): 99–132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/153249802317304422.
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Issanova, G., A. Saduakhas, J. Abuduwaili, K. Tynybayeva, and S. Tanirbergenov. "DESERTIFICATION AND LAND DEGRADATION IN KAZAKHSTAN." BULLETIN 5, no. 387 (October 15, 2020): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.32014/2020.2518-1467.148.
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Desertification and land degradation are common processes in arid and semi-arid regions of Kazakhstan, especially southern parts, where areas are covered by a great variety of desert types. In deserts, soil-forming processes take place in conditions of severe water shortage, and high level of soil degradation and desertification. The main natural factors for these processes are a flat terrain, a high degree of arid climate, soil salinity, carbonate content, a lack of structure and low natural soil fertility. However, the anthropogenic factors of desertification and soil degradation became dominant last decades. The study considers the actual problems of natural and anthropogenic factors of desertification and land degradation within Kazakhstan. The desertification of huge territories is accompanied by soil contamination, waterlogging by surface water and groundwater, soil salinization, erosion (water, wind), degradation of vegetation cover, dehumidification and a decrease in general regional biological capacity. Analysis of the current status of the soil cover has shown intensive land degradation 43 % of the territory of Kazakhstan is subjected to degradation in significant degree; over 14 % of pastures have reached an extreme degree of degradation or are completely degradated. The Aral Sea region, Northern Caspian Sea and Southern Balkhash deserts can be observed as areas of intensive soil desertification, salinization and deflation processes. As well as the desertification process are progressing in the irrigated soils of the deltas of Syrdarya, Shu, Ile and Karatal rivers.
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Assennato, Francesca, Marco Di Leginio, Marco D'Antona, Ines Marinosci, Luca Congedo, Nicola Riitano, Anna Luise, and Michele Munafò. "Land degradation assessment for sustainable soil management." Italian Journal of Agronomy 15, no. 4 (December 14, 2020): 299–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/ija.2020.1770.
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Desertification is a complex phenomenon defined as the extreme degree of land degradation induced by human activities and climatic conditions. Climate change is accelerating and widening these areas. Previews analysis and studies assessed the vulnerability to desertification in Italy at national and regional level through a methodological approach based on integrating climate, soil, vegetation, and socio-economic data (ESA). The studies carried out by ISPRA aim to provide an update of the of land degradation assessment in Italy, based on Trends.Earth methodology and of the three UN-SDGs sub-indicators on Target 15.3.1 (land use/land cover, land productivity and soil organic carbon above and below ground status and trends), together with additional dimensions of land degradation considered crucial for national land characters. Final assessment of the percentage of degraded land is around 36% of national area. This exercise demonstrates the importance to consider a larger number of data and include information on other factors, such as climate, physical, chemical data. This integrated approach to the assessment of land degradation will allow to describe also of the loss of related ecosystem services.
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Suarsana, I. Wayan, I. Nyoman Merit, and I. Wayan Sandi Adnyana. "PREDIKSI EROSI, KLASIFIKASI KEMAMPUAN LAHAN DAN ARAHAN PENGGUNAAN LAHAN DI KECAMATAN BATURITI KABUPATEN TABANAN PROVINSI BALI." ECOTROPHIC : Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan (Journal of Environmental Science) 10, no. 2 (November 1, 2016): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/ejes.2016.v10.i02.p11.
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Land resource damage caused by the land conversion and land use without regard to principles of conservation of soil and water. The damage resulted in the erosion is very high. Changes in land use without regard to principles of conservation of soil and water is currently happening in Baturiti District. Given this research can determine the level of erosion, soil and water conservation planning, land capability classification and proposed land use in Baturiti District. Erosion prediction using USLE (Universal Soil Loss Equation) to estimate the rate of erosion and also to get an idea the determination of soil and water conservation measures appropriate to the region. Determination of the land capability classification method Arsyad (1989) is by classifying land capability to classify land capability class based on the value of the limiting factor of land that is adjusted with land capability classification criteria. Determining of the proposed land use using the scoring method by combining the slope factor of the field, the soil sensitivity of the against erosion and the intensity of daily rainfall. Soil sampling is done by taking a total of 19 soil samples from a unit of land. The prediction results on each unit of land erosion in the area showed the level of erosion is very light covering an area of 11,70 ha, mild erosion area of 5.221,56 ha, erosion was an area of 88,10 ha, severe erosion area of 616.20 ha and very severe erosion area of 2.195,39 ha. Soil and water conservation measures required on land units with erosion prediction value exceeds the value erosion that can be tolerated so that the value could be below the value erosion erosion can be tolerated. Capability classification of the land in the study area consists of land capability class II with an area of 1489,39 ha, class III area of 827,39 ha, class IV with an area of 830.15 ha, class VI area of 1.373,79 ha, class VII covering 1.453,92 ha, class VIII covering an area of 2.176,31 ha. Tutorial use of land for the forest department is directed to the protected forest area covering an area of 2.458,00 ha. Tutorial use of land outside the forest area to protected area 1079.81 ha (13,27%), a buffer zone covering an area of 1.662,31 ha, annual crop cultivation area covering an area of 844.86 ha and seasonal crops cultivation area covering an area of 2.087,97 ha.
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Mujiyo, T. Hardian, H. Widijanto, and A. Herawati. "Assessment of soil degradation potency for biomass production and the strategy for its management in Giriwoyo-Indonesia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 986, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 012036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/986/1/012036.
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Abstract Biomass production supports humans need for food so needs to be supported by optimal soil conditions. The study related to the potential for soil degradation in land characteristics is the first step for sustainable agricultural control. Potential soil degradation is compiled from the number of scores for each land map unit (soil type, slope, rainfall, land use) using technical guidelines for the preparation of soil degradation, and the Pearson correlation test to examine the causal relationship of soil degradation from each land characteristic. The results show that the land with the highest potential is with moderate level potential of 4,671.83 hectares (46.44% area) and the other part of 3,953.13 hectares (39.30% area) has low potential level. The main factors for potential soil degradation are the slopes, rainfall, and land use. The steeper the slopes and the high rainfall carried out on intensive agricultural land, the greater the degradation to the soil. Suggested land management strategies include soil conservation with minimal tillage, mulch application, terrace construction, and planting parallel to the soil contour. In addition, erosion research needs to be carried out to determine in detail the magnitude of the erosion prediction in this area.
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Gupta, Gauri Shankar. "Land Degradation and Challenges of Food Security." Review of European Studies 11, no. 1 (January 25, 2019): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/res.v11n1p63.
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Land degradation has emerged as a serious problem during the last few decades. Soil fertility has declined considerably in many parts of the world due to intensive agriculture, over-grazing, water pollution, increasing use of fertilizers and pesticides, salinization, deforestation and accumulation of non-biodegradable waste. Vast tracts of land are facing desertification. Climate change is further aggravating land degradation, soil erosion and soil fertility. Evidence suggests during the last 6-7 decades over 35 percent of arable land has been degraded due to human induced activities. Soil being the natural medium for plant growth supports all life on earth. Rapidly increasing population, growing food-waste and declining soil fertility are posing serious challenges to humanity for future food security. Therefore, land degradation must come to a halt. Education, changes in agricultural policy and technological innovations are instruments that should be used for restoration of degraded land and stop further land degradation.
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Mujiyo, Ahmad Norri Prasetyo, Aktavia Herawati, Dwi Priyo Ariyanto, and Hery Widijanto. "Mapping of Soil Degradation Status on Various Land Slope in Paranggupito, Wonogiri." Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan (Journal of Natural Resources and Environmental Management) 12, no. 1 (April 2, 2022): 46–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jpsl.12.1.46-54.
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Soil degradation causes in loss of soil function in supporting living things. The slope of the land has a potential to cause soil degradation. This study aims to provide scientific information on the status of soil degradation in the form of a map, and to provide recommendations for improvement based on the determinant factor. Land map units were determined by overlay of maps; soil type, rainfall, slope, and land use. Research area were divided into 12 LMU, and each of it was repeated by 3 site samplings. Analysis of soil degradation status accordings to Government Regulation of the Republic Indonesia. ANOVA was used to determine the effect of the land slope on the soil degradation status. Correlation analysis used to know the relationship between the parameters with soil degradation. The result shows the status of soil degradation is slightly degraded (R.I) in 6.032,44 ha (100% area research) with different limiting factors. Land slope 16-25% has the highest impact on soil degradation with the determinant parameters were bulk density and a total of porosity. Soil bulk density increases along with increasing steep slope. Efforts to improve the status of soil degradation are by giving organic matter and minimizing soil tillage.
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Ičanović, Mirsad, Husnija Kudić, and Irma Ičanović. "Capability Classification of the Land Belonging to the Bužim Municipality." АГРОЗНАЊЕ 18, no. 1 (November 13, 2017): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.7251/agren1701037i.
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One of the primary soil functions is the production of food and raw materials, but the soil is used for ther purposes as well, outside the sphere of agricultural production, e.g.road construction and housing, exploitation of mineral resources. The research in this paper, appropriate agricultural land capability classification, was carried out in the Bužim Municipality using the guideline of unique methodology regarding the classification of agricultural land in the rating categories and criteria for individual soil properties, based on which land capability classes are determined. As a result of the research, six agricultural land capability classes (LCC) and land capability subclasses (LCS), ranging from III to VII, were determined, and areas were also marked as forest and built land. The most common land areas were marked under the VI LCC with the total area of 18.99% of the territory of the municipality. The V LCC was represented with a percentage of 11.65, while the IVa LCS was only represented with 1.02%.
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Lu, Ang, Peng Tian, Xingmin Mu, Guangju Zhao, Qingyu Feng, Jianying Guo, and Wenlong Xu. "Fuzzy Logic Modeling of Land Degradation in a Loess Plateau Watershed, China." Remote Sensing 14, no. 19 (September 24, 2022): 4779. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14194779.
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Various land degradation processes have led to land productivity reduction, food insecurity and ecosystem destruction. The Loess Plateau (LP) suffered from severe land degradation, such as vegetation degradation, soil erosion and desertification. This study assessed land degradation changes by considering different land degradation types including vegetation degradation, soil erosion, aridity, loss of soil organic carbon and desertification in the Huangfuchuan watershed of the northern LP. A comprehensive land degradation index (LDI) was developed by combining different degradation processes using the fuzzy logic modeling method. Our results showed significant land use transitions from bare land and sandy area to grass land and forest land from 1990 to 2018, which were consistent with an obvious increase in vegetation cover from 31.24% to 40.72%. The soil erosion rate predicted by the RUSLE model decreased by 51.95% during 1990–2018. The basin-average LDI decreased from 0.68 in 1990 to 0.51 in 2018, suggesting the great success of land degradation prevention in a fragile ecological environment region on the LP during the past decades. This study proposed an integrated framework for land degradation assessment in the high erodible area. The results can provide good references for the improvement of ecological environment in the future.
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Mujiyo, M., Tiara Hardian, Hery Widijanto, and Aktavia Herawati. "Effects of land use on soil degradation in Giriwoyo, Wonogiri, Indonesia." Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management 9, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 3063–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.15243/jdmlm.2021.091.3063.
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This study aimed at determining the effect of land use on soil degradation, discovering the indicator as a determinant factor of soil degradation, and providing recommendations for land management to improve soil productivity. This study was conducted in agricultural lands in Giriwoyo, Wonogiri, Indonesia, and the observation indicator adopted by the Indonesian Government Regulation concerning Soil Degradation Control for Biomass Production. The methodology used was survey research with purposive sampling points in 12 land mapping units, and each unit was represented three times. The result showed that the study area was slightly and moderately degraded. Land use significantly affected soil degradation, and the paddy field has the highest degradation in the study area. Soil characteristics as degradation factors in the study area were soil texture, bulk density, and total porosity. Strategy for land management can be made by limiting the use of chemical fertilizers, and changing the use of chemical fertilizers into compost, to increase soil organic content, and accelerate the availability of nutrients.
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Taveira, Luís Renato Silva, Michele Duarte de Menezes, Anita Fernanda dos Santos Teixeira, and Nilton Curi. "Mapping land use capability in tropical conditions adapting criteria to different levels of agricultural management." Ciência e Agrotecnologia 42, no. 6 (December 2018): 631–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-70542018426026518.
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ABSTRACT Land use capability is one of the most widespread technical-interpretative classification systems, however, regional adaptations may be necessary because different attributes may affect it. For these adaptations, the Minas Gerais soil map was used as the starting point for this study. The criteria to define the land use capability were adapted to management levels with small (level A) and medium (level B) application of capital and modern technology (level C). The aim of the present study was to map land use capability for Minas Gerais state, Brazil, following the criteria adapted to different levels of management and measure the accuracy of the resulting maps. The system of land use capability is widely used by INCRA in evaluations of rural properties. Erosion criterion was replaced by erodibility. The information was handled in a geographic information system. For validation, soil profiles from regional pedological surveys were sampled, classified, and its land use capability was compared to the land use capability shown on the map according to the different management levels. In spite of the small scale of the soil map, the maps of land use capability exhibited adequate accuracy: 73% (management level A), 71% (B), and 50% (C). Therefore, it can be applied in initial phases of regional planning studies, in which the level of details required is reduced (for example, in ecological-economic zoning). More detailed analyses still depend on detailed field surveys, as advocated by the system of land use capability.
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Tesan, G., and D. Barbosa. "Degradation of Oil by Land Disposal." Water Science and Technology 19, no. 8 (August 1, 1987): 99–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1987.0048.
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The work presented consists of a test procedure applied at a pilot scale using soil as a biological degradation agent. The experiments described were carried out with oily residues considered as wastes difficult to degrade by other means. The tests were applied to filter cake with activated clay containing 40% oil and oily residues from re-refining of lubricants to give white oils and vaseline. The effect of the amount of moisture is evaluated using a mechanical stirrer to improve the interaction between the wastes and microorganisms. The following are also evaluated: nutrient availability; incorporation of micro-organisms into the soil; introduction of chemical fertilizers; and, injections of sludge from effluent treatment plants.
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Voloshchuk, Myroslav. "Sourse degradation - global environmental problem." Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography, no. 51 (December 27, 2017): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgg.2017.51.8738.
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Based on generalization of literary sources, normative legal, stock materials and experimental data, the complex situation of soil degradation is highlighted. Different types and intensity of the manifestation of soil degradation, their distribution and characteristics are described. The threatening situation of manifestation of degradation processes in some regions of Ukraine is shown, among which soil erosion occupies the leading place. More than 4.5 million hectares are occupied by medium and strongly ground soils, including 68 thousand hectares completely lost their humus horizon. Particularly large areas of eroded soils are distributed on arable land in the Vinnytsia, Luhansk, Donetsk, Odesa, Chernivtsi and Ternopil regions, where the average annual ground wash is 24.5–27.8 t/ha with a tolerance of 2.5–3.7 t/ha. As a result of erosion processes from the total area of agricultural land, about 500 million tons of fertile soil layer is washed out on average annually, which contains about 24 million tons of humus, 0.96 million tons of nitrogen, 0.68 million tons of phosphorus and 9.4 million tons of potassium equivalent to 320–333 million tons of organic fertilizers, and ecological and economic losses due to erosion exceed 9 billion UAH. Flat soil was associated with linear erosion. The main indicators characterizing the degree of damage to land by linear erosion are the density of ravines, the distance and area between them, the slope, the properties of soils and rocks, the morphometric parameters of the ravines and their catchment areas. According to various estimates, the area of land affected by linear erosion in the country increases by 5–10 thousand ha annually. The effect of the ravines on the complete destruction of the land, deformation of the soil cover is highlighted. Information on various types of soil pollution by poison chemicals, industrial waste is given. According to the prediction of scientists in such a situation, 120–150 years on the planet can destroy the fertile soil layer. Key words: erosion, dehumidification, pollution, waterlogging, acidity, degraded land.
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Gísladóttir, Gudrún, and Michael Stocking. "Land Degradation and Mitigation." Land Degradation & Development 16, no. 2 (March 2005): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ldr.668.
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