Academic literature on the topic 'Land Capability and Soil Degradation'
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Journal articles on the topic "Land Capability and Soil Degradation"
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Murphy, Brian, and Peter Fogarty. "Application of the Soil Security Concept to Two Contrasting Soil Landscape Systems—Implications for Soil Capability and Sustainable Land Management." Sustainability 11, no. 20 (October 16, 2019): 5706. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11205706.
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Soil security identifies global challenges and a series of dimensions that are necessary requirements to meet those global challenges using sustainable land management. The soil security concept is applied to two contrasting soil landscape systems with varying climate, landform and soil types. Previous methodologies for assessing land and soil capability are combined within the soil security conceptual approach. The land and soil capability methodologies are used to assess how the soil condition changes in response to the stresses and forcing associated with land management and land and soil degradation processes. It is the soil capability that defines how the soil condition changes between the reference state of the soil condition, or the genoform, and the soil condition under land use, or the phenoform. The conclusion is that soil capability, which is one of the dimensions used to apply the soil security concept, is a complex dimension and has several aspects or further facets to be considered to achieve sustainable land management. It is apparent that in assessing soil capability, the following facets are relevant. I: The capacity of the soil to provide ecosystem services to meet the global challenges outlined for Soil Security. II: The stability of the soil condition to land degradation processes resulting from the effects of land management practices and the environmental stresses on the soil. III: The capacity to recover following degradation. Facets II and III can be considered the resilience. An important conclusion is that the soil capability cannot be assessed without taking into account features of the landscape including climate and landform. Two examples from south eastern Australia of the application of these facets of soil capability to on-ground situations are presented. The Cowra Trough Red Soils in the Australian wheat belt are a set of soils, primarily contributing to meeting the global challenge of food security. The major degradation processes threatening the stability of these soils are water erosion and soil acidification. The Kosciusko National Park in the Snowy Mountains region is primarily contributing to meeting the challenges of water security for the irrigation industry in the Murray Darling Basins and energy security through the production of hydroelectricity. The set of soil landscapes also contributes to biodiversity protection and human health and well-being. The major degradation processes threatening the stability of these soils and their capacity to meet the global challenges are water and wind erosion. A major limitation is the poor capacity of these soils to recover once degraded. Identifying the main ecosystem services provided by the two examples, together with the major risks of land degradation can clarify extension, economic and policy aspects of sustainable land management for the two sets of soil landscapes. For the Cowra Trough Red Soils, management of water erosion and soil acidification are essential for maintaining the contribution of the area to food security. For the Kosciusko National Park, the control of water and wind erosion are essential to maintain the contribution of the area to water and energy security.
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Sartohadi, Junun. "Evaluasi Potensi Degradasi Lahan dengan Menggunakan Analisa Kemampuan Lahan dan Tekanan Penduduk terhadap Lahan Pertanian di Kecamatan Kokap Kabupaten Kulon Progo." Forum Geografi 22, no. 1 (July 20, 2008): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/forgeo.v22i1.4921.
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Kokap sub district is located in Kulonprogo District, Yogyakarta Province. It has some problems of landslides and misuse of land. The research was proposed to determine the regions having potential of land degradation based on the land capability and population pressure analysis. This research was carried out using field survey. The field survey was based on landform unit as area sampling unit. The (Land Classification and Land Use Planning) LCLP software was applied for land capability classification. The Soemarwoto method was applied for the evaluation of population pressure on the agriculture land. The results of this research were: (1) land capability in the study area was varies from class II – class VII with limitation factors of slope, soil erodibility, soil texture, soil permeability and soil effective depth, (2) the whole study area fell into high population pressure class (that means it had exceed of its land capability), (3) most of the study area (51.9%) had been classified into high potential of land degradation.
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Gray, Jonathan M., Greg A. Chapman, and Brian W. Murphy. "Land management within capability: a new scheme to guide sustainable land management in New South Wales, Australia." Soil Research 53, no. 6 (2015): 683. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr14196.
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A new evaluation scheme, land management within capability (LMwC), used to guide sustainable land management in New South Wales (NSW), is presented. The scheme semi-quantitatively categorises the potential impacts of specific land-management actions and compares these with the inherent physical capability of the land in relation to a range of land-degradation hazards. This leads to the derivation of LMwC indices, which signify the sustainability of land-management practices at the scale of individual sites up to broader regions. The LMwC scheme can be used to identify lands at greatest risk from various land-degradation hazards. It can help to guide natural resource agencies at local, regional and state levels to target priorities and promote sustainable land management across their lands. Few other schemes that assess the sustainability of a given land-management regime in a semi-quantitative yet pragmatic manner are found in the literature. The scheme has particular application for regional soil-monitoring programs and it was applied in such a program over NSW in 2008–09. The results suggested that the hazards most poorly managed across the state are wind erosion, soil acidification and soil organic carbon decline. The LMwC scheme, or at least its underlying concepts, could be readily applied to other jurisdictions.
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Nguyen, Anh, Truc T. Nguyen, Dang Khue Nguyen, Otto Richter, and Huyen Thi Thu Do. "Management of Al3+ Residue in the Soil by Mapping Soil Capability in Retaining and Transporting Al3+ in the Farmland of Trang Bom District, Vietnam." Agronomy 12, no. 5 (May 23, 2022): 1243. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12051243.
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The assessment of soil capability in retaining and transporting chemical substances is necessary, especially currently, with the overuse of chemical products for crop production. Depending on the soil properties, these chemicals may bound on soil particles or release and transport in the soil solution. In this study, we developed maps of the capability of soil to retain and transport Al3+, thereby evaluating the main soil factors affecting Al3+ fate in the agricultural land of Trang Bom District, Dong Nai Province, Vietnam. Information and data of the factors slope, soil texture, pH, organic matter, and ferrallitisation were processed and analyzed. The GIS tool was applied in combination with the analytical hierarchical process (AHP) to create the maps. Four hundred simulation runs were performed for criteria weight sensitivity analysis to explore the dependency of the resultant maps on the weights of the input factors. Sampling soil data were used to validate the accuracy of information given by the resultant maps. Results from the two maps show that the soils in the area have high capability in retaining and transporting Al3+. Ninety nine percent of the soils in the area have medium to high capability of Al3+ retention and about 65% of the soils have medium to high capability of transporting Al3+. For the agricultural land, about 65% of the land ranked as having a high to very high soil Al3+ retention capability and about 58% of the land ranked as having a medium to high capability of transporting Al3+. These maps can support the process of decision-making in identifying the appropriate dose and frequency of the chemical products that are applied on each soil capability zone; in this case study, the products contain aluminum. The accumulation of Al3+ in the soil, especially in the high Al3+ retention capability soil, can cause soil degradation and can cause negative effects on plant growth.
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Swafo, Seome Michael, and Phesheya Eugine Dlamini. "Unlocking the Land Capability and Soil Suitability of Makuleke Farm for Sustainable Banana Production." Sustainability 15, no. 1 (December 27, 2022): 453. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15010453.
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Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is experiencing an increase in food insecurity, which is fueled by both high population growth and low agricultural productivity. Smallholder farmers are seriously affected by low soil fertility, land degradation, and poor agronomic management practices that reduce crop productivity. Therefore, there is a huge need for reliable soil information to support agricultural decision-making in smallholder farms to ensure sustainable agricultural production. However, most studies focused on land capability and soil suitability do not consider the spatial variability of soils and their inherent properties. The main objectives of this study were (1) to survey, classify and characterise soils at Makuleke farm in order to derive and map the land capability classes and (2) to quantify the physical and chemical properties of the soils in order to derive and map the suitability classes. A field survey and classification of soils led by transect walks complemented by auger holes revealed existential spatial variation of soils across the 12 ha banana plantation. The dominating soil forms in the plantation were Hutton, Westleigh, Glenrosa and Valsrivier. Land capability analysis revealed that 17% of the 12 ha portion of the farm had very high arable potential, while 60% had medium arable potential, 6% of the farm had low arable potential and 17% was considered non-arable. Subsequent soil suitability analysis revealed that 12% of the farm is highly suitable, 34% is moderately suitable, 38% is marginally suitable and 16% is permanently not suitable for banana production. The variable capability of the land and suitability of soils for banana production led to notable yield gaps. The in-depth description and quantification of the productive capacity of the land is pivotal to the farmers at Makuleke farm as it unlocks their true potential and such information is crucial to effectively manage the soil and utilize the land for sustainable banana production.
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Jainudin, Sani, Rini Hazriani, Feira B. Arief, Ridwansyah Ridwansyah, and Junaidi Junaidi. "Evaluasi Kemampuan Lahan di Desa Sungai Jelayan Kecamatan Kedawangan Kabupaten Ketapang." Proceedings Series on Physical & Formal Sciences 2 (November 10, 2021): 179–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.30595/pspfs.v2i.177.
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Sungai Jelayan Village is one of the villages in Kendawangan District, Ketapang Regency, which still has the potential for sustainable management. Evaluation of land capability is one of the efforts to overcome the reduction of land degradation. Land capability is an assessment of land units for particular uses, assessed from each inhibiting factor. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of the land according to the land capability parameter, assessed the land capability sub-class, and provided suggestions for land use based on the land capability sub-class in Sungai Jelayan Village. The research stages started from preparation, preliminary survey, determination of research location based on land units consisting of soil type, slope class, land use and there were 9 land units, and determination of observation points, as well as field observations and soil sampling, laboratory analysis, data processing and presentation of results. The results obtained 2 soil orders, namely Entisols and Inceptisols. The results of the land capability evaluation were divided into five land capability classes and sub-classes, namely class II-s, III-s, IV-w, V-w, and VIII-es. Improvement efforts or efforts to use land sustainably could be carried out in 5 ways, namely intensive cultivation, moderate cultivation, limited cultivation, nature reserves/protected forests, and intensive grazing.
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Kumar, Pushkin. "Monitoring and Analysis of Degraded Land in Rasulabad Block of Kanpur Dehat District Using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 8 (August 31, 2021): 2413–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.37768.
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Abstract: Land degradation is seen as a development or additional that reduces current and/or potential soil capability to produce products and goods. This implies a decline from a higher to a lower state due to a decline in land capacity, productivity, and biodiversity loss. This can be both natural and human-induced. Natural causes embody earthquakes, tsunamis, droughts, avalanches, landslides, volcanic eruptions, floods, tornadoes, and wildfires. Whereas human-induced soil degradation results from land clearing and deforestation, inappropriate agricultural practices, improper management of industrial effluents and wastes, over-grazing, careless management of forests, surface mining, urban sprawl, and commercial/industrial development. Inappropriate agricultural practices embody excessive tillage and use of heavy machineries, excessive and unbalanced use of inorganic fertilizers, poor irrigation and water management techniques, chemical or pesticide overuse, inadequate crop residue and organic carbon inputs, and poor crop cycle planning. Some underlying social causes of soil degradation in Asian nation square measure land shortage, decline in per capita land handiness, economic pressure onto land, land occupancy, poverty, and population increase.. The aim of the current study is to prepare baseline data to combat land degradation and conserve land resources in an economical and efficient manner. To assess land degradation with the help of Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographical Information System (GIS) – in Rasulabad Block of Kanpur Dehat district, Uttar Pradesh, different levels of analysis were performed to estimate the extent of land. Degradation to assess saline or salt-free soils and calcareous or sodium soils and to match this data with satellite studies. The spatial variability of these soil parameters was shown in soil maps created in a GIS environment. A temporary study of the 2017 and 2021 Sentinel satellite datasets was done to find the parameters that are responsible for land degradation. The severity of land degradation was calculable quantitatively by analyzing the physico-chemical parameters within the laboratory to see salinity and sodicity of soils and further correlating them with satellite-based studies. The pH varied between 7.1 and 8.2, electrical conductivity (EC) between 0.23 and 0.6 miliSiemens/m and the methyl orange or total alkalinity between 0.095 and 0.225 (HCO3 ) gL-1 as CaCO3. The spatial variability in these soil parameters was pictured through soil maps generated in a GIS environment with the help of IDW Interpolation. The results revealed that the soil in the study area was exposed to salt intrusion, most of the soil samples of the study area were slightly or moderately saline with a few salt-free sites. Moreover, the majority of the soil samples were calcareous and a few samples were alkaline or sodic in nature. Keyword: Land degradation, Sodic land, Saline land, GIS, IDW Interpolation.
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Madueke, C. O., I. K. Okore, E. C. Maduekeh, A. O. Onunwa, M. J. Okafor, E. C. Nnabuihe, B. Nwosu, C. J. Nwaiwu, and T. V. Nwosu. "Characterization and land evaluation of three tropical rainforest soils derived from the coastal plain sands of southeastern Nigeria." Agro-Science 20, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 25–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/as.v20i2.5.
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Soils on coastal plain sands of southeastern Nigeria have hitherto been referred to as fragile sandy and acidic soils of low base saturation, cation exchange capacity (CEC) and fertility, as evidenced by the extensive land degradation evident in the region. This underscores the need for the characterization of the soils for sustainable use. Three profile pits were therefore dug on the upper, middle and bottom slopes of three towns in the rainforest belt underlain by the coastal plain sands. The results showed that the topsoil of the soils was generally sandy, with relatively more clayey subsoil. The pH ranged from extremely acidic (< 4.4) to slightly acidic (6.1- 6.5). They had low organic matter, low total nitrogen, low effective CEC, low Al saturation and moderate base saturation. The soils of the upper and the middle slopes were classified as Arenic Kandiudult by the United States Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) Soil Taxonomy or as Chromic Acrisols by the World Reference Base (WRB) for Soil Resources classification system, while that of the bottom slope was classified as a TypicDystrudept (USDA Soil Taxonomy) / Dystric Cambisol (WRB classification system). The upper slope had a USDA land capability class of IIes and a United States Bureau for Reclamation (USBR) land capability class of 2v/C. The middle slope and the bottom slope both had USDA and USBR capability class of IVs and 3v/C, respectively. Though moderately to marginally irrigable, the soils can still produce increased and sustainable agricultural yield if the appropriate land use and husbandry practices are adopted.
Key words: Coastal plain sands, land use planning, soil characterization, toposequence, tropical rainforest
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Sulastri, Sulastri, I. Wayan Sandi Adnyana, and I. Nyoman Merit. "PERENCANAAN PENGGUNAAN LAHAN MELALUI PENDEKATAN PREDIKSI EROSI DAN KLASIFIKASI KEMAMPUAN LAHAN DI DAERAH ALIRAN SUNGAI KOLOH PASIRAN LOMBOK TIMUR." ECOTROPHIC : Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan (Journal of Environmental Science) 9, no. 1 (May 1, 2015): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/ejes.2015.v09.i01.p08.
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Erosion is a form of land degradation is very serious in Koloh Pasiran watershed. This condition perceived more severe by the fact that the understanding of the process of saving the natural resources of forest, soil and water have not received maximum attention. This is evidenced by the presence of illegal logging, forest fires around the area of the watershed during the dry season and flooding during every rainy season. Therefore, the research conducted with the aim to: 1) determine the level of erosion and soil and water conservation planning in the Koloh Pasiran watershed, 2) determine the land capability class in Koloh Pasiran watershed and 3) to plan land use capability classes based on erosion rate. Observations and sampling of soil samples for prediction of erosion, soil conservation and classification approach according, planning based on common land unit. This land unit maps obtained from the land use maps overlay by slope, soil and land use maps done by estimating the magnitude of the erosion equation USLE (Universal Soil Loss Equation) of Wischmeier and Smit (1978). Determine land capability class with land capability classification approach according Arsyad (1989). Land use planning and soil and water conservation in addition to using USLE equation also uses land capability classification according Arsyad (1989). The results show the level of erosion prediction calculation slight to very severe erosion. Mixture of garden soil with a 2% slope erosion rates relatively slight. Dry land with a slope of 2% classified as severe erosion and the shrub land with a slope of 2-3% erosion classified as severe to very severe. While in secondary forest land and primary forests with a slope of 2-25% relatively slight erosion. Land capability class in Koloh Pasiran watershed can be classified into class IV (3 units of land), class V (5 units of land), class VI (1 unit of land) and VIII (2 units of land). The limiting factors are: (e) the slopes are steep and severe erosion rate and (s) low water holding capacity. Direction of land use for high density mixed garden with bench terrace with good construction, dry with good bench terrace construction and given a booster plants around the lip of land, shrub land used for community forestry, agroporestry and natural forests, while for secondary forests and forest maintained primary sustainability
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P.C., Nnabude,, Onunwa, A.O., Ijeoma, E.O., and Madueke, C.O. "EVALUATION OF THE PHYSICO-CHEMICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF AN EXPOSED SOIL PROFILE IN AN EXCAVATED ACRISOL, SOUTHEAST NIGERIA." Environment & Ecosystem Science 5, no. 2 (October 10, 2021): 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/ees.02.2021.129.136.
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Increased population density has led to a lot of pressure on the limited natural/land resources of south-eastern Nigeria. This includes the need for laterite, sand, kaolin, gravel and clay for buildings, backfills and road construction. This has led to extensive unmoderated excavation of these resources, particularly in Anambra state. The excavation has in turns, culminated in increased intensity of land degradation in the state, underscoring the need to characterize and evaluate the land use potentials of such sites to better understand the nature of the soils and the impacts of the attendant land use. Samples were collected from the different horizons of the profile to evaluate the physical, chemical and morphological properties of the soils. Coefficient of variation was used to measure the soil variability within the profile. Land capability class was determined, which informed the land use and management recommendations. The results show that the soil is very deep (>21.5m). The soil texture ranged from sandy clay loam to sandy. Infiltration rate and saturated hydraulic conductivity decreased by up to 300 to 560 % with excavation. The soils were strongly acidic; organic carbon and total nitrogen was low but highly variable; Al, H, Ca, Mg, K, Na, and phosphorus were moderately variable while pH, CEC and base saturation (BS) were the least variable. The land capability class was IIIes. Given the evidence of erosion and preponderance of erodible Nanka sands in the subsoil, the site should be reclaimed as soon as the mining activities are discontinued.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Land Capability and Soil Degradation"
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Clough, Tim J. "Fate of urine nitrogen applied to peat and mineral soils from grazed pastures." Lincoln University, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1030.
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This study has provided fundamental information on the fate of urine nitrogen (N) when applied to pasture soils. In this work the three pasture soils used were a Bruntwood silt loam (BW), an old well-developed (lime and fertilizer incorporated and farmed for more than 20 years) peat soil (OP) and a young peat (YP) which was less developed (farmed for about 10 years). Initial soil chemical and physical measurements revealed that the peat soils were acidic, had higher cation exchange capacities, had greater carbon:nitrogen ratios and were better buffered against changes in soil pH than the BW soil. However, the BW soil was more fertile with a higher pH. The peat soils had lower bulk densities and higher porosities. Four experiments were performed. In the first experiment ¹⁵N-labelled urine was applied at 500 kg N ha⁻¹ to intact soil cores of the three soils. Treatments imposed were the presence and absence of a water table at two temperatures, 8°C or 23° C, over 11-14 weeks. ¹⁵N budgets were determined. This first experiment showed that the nitrification rate was faster in the BW soil and was retarded with a water table present. Significant leaching of nitrate occurred at 8°C in the BW soil without a water table. This was reduced when a water table was present. Leaching losses of urine-N were lower in the peat soils than in the BW soil. Apparent denitrification losses (i.e. calculated on a total-N recovery basis) ranged from 18 to 48 % of the ¹⁵N-applied with the greatest losses occurring in the peat soils. The second experiment examined denitrification losses, over 30 days, following the application of synthetic urine-N at 420 kg N ha⁻¹ to small soil cores situated in growth cabinets. The effects of temperature (8°C or 18°C) and synthetic urine (presence or absence) were measured on the BW and OP soils. Nitrous oxide (N₂0) measurements were taken from all soil cores and a sub-set of soil cores, at 18°C, had ¹⁵N-labelled synthetic urine-N applied so that ¹⁵N-labelled nitrogen gases could be monitored. This experiment showed that the application of synthetic urine and increased soil temperature enhanced denitrification losses from both soils. Denitrification losses, at 18°C, as ¹⁵N-labelled nitrogen gases accounted for 24 to 39 % of the nitrogen applied. Nitrous oxide comprised less than half of this denitrification loss. Losses of N₂0 in leachate samples from the soil cores accounted for less than 0.1 % of the nitrogen applied. A third experiment, using Iysimeters, was performed over a 150 day period in the field. The six treatments consisted of the 3 soils with applied synthetic urine, with or without a simulated water table; each replicated three times. Lysimeters were installed in the field at ground level and ¹⁵N-labelled synthetic urine-N was applied (500 kg N ha⁻¹) on June 4 1992 (day 1). Nitrification rates differed between the soils following the trend noticed in the first experiment. As in the first experiment, nitrate was only detected in the leachate from the BW soil and the inclusion of a water table reduced the concentration of nitrate. In the BW soil, the leachate nitrate concentrations exceeded the World Health Organisation's recommended limit (< 10 mg N L-1) regardless of water table treatment. No nitrate was detected in the leachates from the peat soils but there was some leaching of organic-N (< 5 % of N added) in all the peat soil treatments. Denitrification losses were monitored for the first 100 days of the experiment. In the BW soil without a water table, N₂0 production peaked at approximately day 20 and accounted for 3 % of the nitrogen applied. In the peat soils the measured denitrification losses accounted for less than 1 % of the nitrogen applied. Apparent denitrification losses in the peats were, however, calculated to be approximately 50 % of the ¹⁵N-labelled synthetic urine-N applied. It is postulated that the difference between apparent denitrification losses and those measured could have been due to; loss of dinitrogen in leachate, protracted production of dinitrogen below detectable limits, production of denitrification gases after measurements ceased (i.e. days 100 to 150) and entrapment of dinitrogen in soil cores. Due to the apparent denitrification losses being so high, further research into this nitrogen loss pathway was performed. The fourth and final experiment measured denitrification directly using highly enriched (50 atom %) ¹⁵N-labelled synthetic urine-N. It was performed in a growth cabinet held initially at 8°C. The ¹⁵N-labelled synthetic urine was applied at 500 kg N ha⁻¹ to small soil cores of each soil type. Fluxes of N₂0 and ¹⁵N-labelled gases were measured daily for 59 days. On day 42 the temperature of the growth cabinet was increased to 12°C in an attempt to simulate the mean soil temperature at the end of the field experiment. Up to this time, production of nitrogenous gases from the YP soil had been very low. Interpretation of gaseous nitrogen loss in the YP soil was difficult due to the possibility of chemodenitrification occurring. However, in the OP and BW soils, gaseous losses of nitrogen (determined as ¹⁵N-labelled gas) represented 16 and 7 % of the nitrogen applied respectively. Nitrous oxide comprised approximately half of this gaseous nitrogen loss, in both the OP and BW soils. This work implies that urine-N applied to the mineral soil (BW) could potentially threaten the quality of ground water due to nitrate contamination through leaching. In contrast, denitrification appears to be the major loss mechanism from the peat soils, with the production of nitrous oxide being the primary focus for any environmental concern. Future work should examine the fate of the nitrate leached from the BW soil and the potential for dilution, plant uptake or denitrification below a 30 cm soil depth. A better understanding of the denitrification mechanisms could help reduce denitrification and thereby improve the efficiency of nitrogen use and reduce the output of nitrous oxide.
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Ford, Colleen D. "The fate of nitrogen in lactose-depleted dairy factory effluent irrigated onto land." Lincoln University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/837.
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A two-year lysimeter study was undertaken to compare the environmental effects (e.g. nitrate leaching and nitrous oxide emissions) of soil applied lactose-depleted dairy factory effluent (LD-DFE) with lactose-rich DFE. The aim of this experiment was to determine the fate of nitrogen from LD-DFE and dairy cow urine applied to a Templeton fine sandy loam soil (Udic Ustrochrept), supporting a herbage cover of ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and white clover (Trifolium repens). Measurements were carried out on the amount of nitrogen lost from the soil via leaching, lost by denitrification, removed by the pasture plants, and immobilized within the soil organic fraction. Further, a comparison between the fate of nitrogen in LD-DFE irrigated onto land under a "cut and carry" system, as opposed to a "grazed" pasture system was undertaken. Lactose-depleted dairy factory effluent was applied at three-weekly intervals during the summer months at rates of 25 and 50 mm, until nitrogen loading targets of 300 and 600 kg N ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ had been achieved. Measured leaching losses of nitrogen averaged 2 and 7 kg N ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ for Control 25 and Control 50 treatments; 21, 20 and 58 kg N ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ for 25 and 50 mm "cut and carry" treatments respectively; and 96 kg N ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ for the 25 mm "grazed" treatment. The range of nitrate-N leaching loss from LD-DFE plus urine is no different from the lactose-rich DFE nitrate leaching loss. Uptake of nitrogen by the growing pasture averaged 153, 184,340,352,483, and 415 kg N ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ for Control 25, Control 50, LD-DFE 25 and LD-DFE 50 mm "cut and carry" treatments, and the LD-DFE 25 mm "grazed" treatment, respectively. Denitrification losses were 0.06, 4.4, 1.69, 19.70, and 7.4 kg N ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ for Control 25, the LD-DFE 25 "cut and carry" treatments, the LD-DFE 25 mm "grazed" treatment, and calculated "paddock losses", respectively. Isotopic nitrogen studies found that 29.4 and 25.8% of applied LD-DFE nitrogen was immobilised in the LD-DFE 25 and LD-DFE 50 "cut and carry" treatments. The results of this experiment confirm the findings of the previous lactose-rich DFE study, in that the effects of grazing stock are of greater environmental concern than the removal of lactose from the effluent waste stream.
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Condron, Leo M. "Chemical nature and plant availability of phosphorus present in soils under long-term fertilised irrigated pastures in Canterbury, New Zealand." Lincoln College, University of Canterbury, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1875.
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Soil P fractionation was used to examine changes in soil inorganic and organic P under grazed irrigated pasture in a long-term field trial at Winchmore in Mid-Canterbury. The soil P fractionation scheme used involved sequential extractions of soil with O.5M NaHCO₃ @ pH 8.5 (NaHCO₃ P), 0.1M NaOH (NaOH I P), 1M HCl (HCl P) and 0.1M NaOH (NaOH II P). The Winchmore trial comprised 5 treatments: control (no P since 1952), 376R (376 kg superphosphate ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ 1952-1957, none since), 564R (564 kg superphosphate ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ 1952-1957, none since) 188PA (188 kg superphosphate ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ since 1952) and 376PA (376 kg superphosphate ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ since 1952: Topsoil (0-7.5cm) samples taken from the different treatments in 1958, 1961, 1965, 1968, 1971, 1974 and 1977 were used in this study. Changes in soil P with time showed that significant increases in soil inorganic P occurred in the annually fertilised treatments (l88PA, 376PA). As expected, the overall increase in total soil inorganic P between 1958 and 1977 was greater in the 376PA treatment (159 µg P g⁻¹) than that in the 188PA treatment (37 µg P g⁻¹). However, the chemical forms of inorganic P which accumulated in the annually fertilised treatments changed with time. Between 1958 and 1971 most of the increases in soil inorganic P in these treatments occurred in the NaHCO₃ and NaOH I P fractions. On the other hand, increases in soil inorganic P in the annually fertilised treatments between 1971 and 1977 were found mainly in the HCl and NaOH II P fractions. These changes in soil P forms were attributed to the combined effects of lime addition in 1972 and increased amounts of sparingly soluble apatite P and iron-aluminium P in the single superphosphate applied during the 1970's. In the residual fertiliser treatments (376R, 564R) significant decreases in all of the soil inorganic P fractions (i.e. NaHCO₃ P, NaOH I P, HCl P, NaOH II p) occurred between 1958 and 1977 following the cessation of P fertiliser inputs in 1957. This was attributed to continued plant uptake of P accumulated in the soil from earlier P fertiliser additions. However, levels of inorganic P in the different soil P fractions in the residual fertiliser treatments did not decline to those in the control which indicated that some of the inorganic P accumulated in the soil from P fertiliser applied between 1952 and 1957 was present in very stable forms. In all treatments, significant increases in soil organic P occurred between 1958 and 1971. The overall increases in total soil organic P were greater in the annually fertilised treatments (70-86 µg P g⁻¹) than those in the residual fertiliser (55-64 µg P g⁻¹) and control (34 µg P g⁻¹) treatments which reflected the respective levels of pasture production in the different treatments. These increases in soil organic P were attributed to the biological conversion of native and fertiliser inorganic P to organic P in the soil via plant, animal and microbial residues. The results also showed that annual rates of soil organic P accumulation between 1958 and 1971 decreased with time which indicated that steady-state conditions with regard to net 'organic P accumulation were being reached. In the residual fertiliser treatments, soil organic P continued to increase between 1958 and 1971 while levels of soil inorganic P and pasture production declined. This indicated that organic P which accumulated in soil from P fertiliser additions was more stable and less available to plants than inorganic forms of soil P. Between 1971 and 1974 small (10-38 µg P g⁻¹) but significant decreases in total soil organic P occurred in all treatments. This was attributed to increased mineralisation of soil organic P as a result of lime (4 t ha⁻¹) applied to the trial in 1972 and also to the observed cessation of further net soil organic P accumulation after 1971. Liming also appeared to affect the chemical nature of soil organic P as shown by the large decreases in NaOH I organic P(78-88 µg P g⁻¹) and concomitant smaller increases in NaOH II organic P (53-65 µg P g⁻¹) which occurred in all treatments between 1971 and 1974. The chemical nature of soil organic P in the Winchmore long-term trial was also investigated using 31p nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and gel filtration chromatography. This involved quantitative extraction of organic P from the soil by sequential extraction with 0.1M NaOH, 0.2M aqueous acetylacetone (pH 8.3) and 0.5M NaOH following which the extracts were concentrated by ultrafiltration. Soils (0-7.5cm) taken from the control and 376PA annually fertilised treatments in 1958, 1971 and 1983 were used in this study. 31p NMR analysis showed that most (88-94%) of the organic P in the Winchmore soils was present as orthophosphate monoester P while the remainder was found as orthophosphate diester and pyrophosphate P. Orthophosphate monoester P also made up almost all of the soil organic P which accumulated in the 376PA treatment between 1958 and 1971. This indicated that soil organic P in the 376PA and control treatments was very stable. The gel filtration studies using Sephadex G-100 showed that most (61-83%) of the soil organic P in the control and 376PA treatments was present in the low molecular weight forms (<100,000 MW), although the proportion of soil organic P in high molecular weight forms (>100,000 MW) increased from 17-19% in 1958 to 38-39% in 1983. The latter was attributed to the microbial humification of organic P and indicated a shift toward more complex and possibly more stable forms of organic P in the soil with time. Assuming that the difference in soil organic P between the control and 376PA soils sampled in 1971 and 1983 represented the organic P derived from P fertiliser additions, results showed that this soil organic P was evenly distributed between the high and low molecular weight fractions. An exhaustive pot trial was used to examine the relative availability to plants of different forms of soil inorganic and organic P in long-term fertilised pasture soils. This involved growing 3 successive crops of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) in 3 Lismore silt loam (Udic Ustochrept) soils which had received different amounts of P fertiliser for many years. Two of the soils were taken from the annually fertilised treatments in the Winchmore long term trial (188PA, 376PA) and the third (Fairton) was taken from a pasture which had been irrigated with meatworks effluent for over 80 years (65 kg P ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹). Each soil was subjected to 3 treatments, namely control (no nutrients added), N100 and N200. The latter treatments involved adding complete nutrient solutions with different quantities of N at rates of 100kg N ha⁻¹ (N100) and 200kg N ha⁻¹ (N200) on an area basis. The soil P fractionation scheme used was the same as that used in the Winchmore long-term trial study (i.e. NaHCO₃ P, NaOH I P, HCl P, NaOH II p). Results obtained showed that the availability to plants of different extracted inorganic P fractions, as measured by decreases in P fractions before and after 3 successive crops, followed the order: NaHCO₃ P > NaOH I P > HCl P = NaOH II P. Overall decreases in the NaHCO₃ and NaOH I inorganic P fractions were 34% and 16% respectively, while corresponding decreases in the HCl and NaOH II inorganic P fractions were small «10%) and not significant. However, a significant decrease in HCl P (16%) was observed in one soil (Fairton-N200 treatment) which was attributed to the significant decrease in soil pH (from 6.2 to 5.1) which occurred after successive cropping. Successive cropping had little or no effect on the levels of P in the different soil organic P fractions. This indicated that net soil organic P mineralisation did not contribute significantly to plant P uptake over the short-term. A short-term field experiment was also conducted to examine the effects of different soil management practices on the availability of different forms of P to plants in the long-term fertilised pasture soils. The trial was sited on selected plots of the existing annually fertilised treatments in the Winchmore long-term trial (188PA, 376PA) and comprised 5 treatments: control, 2 rates of lime (2 and 4 t ha⁻¹ ) , urea fertiliser (400kg N ha⁻¹ ) and mechanical cultivation. The above ground herbage in the uncultivated treatments was harvested on 11 occasions over a 2 year period and at each harvest topsoil (0-7.5 cm) samples were taken from all of the treatments for P analysis. The soil P fractionation scheme used in this particular trial involved sequential extractions with 0.5M NaHCO₃ @ pH 8.5 (NaHCO₃ P), 0.1M NaOH (NaOH P), ultrasonification with 0.1M NaOH (sonicate-NaOH p) and 1M HCl (HCl P). In addition, amounts of microbial P in the soils were determined. The results showed that liming resulted in small (10-21 µg P g⁻¹) though significant decreases in the NaOH soil organic P fraction in the 188PA and 376PA plots. Levels of soil microbial P were also found to be greater in the limed treatments compared with those in the controls. These results indicated that liming increased the microbial mineralisation of soil organic P in the Winchmore soils. However, pasture dry matter yields and P uptake were not significantly affected. Although urea significantly increased dry matter yields and P uptake, it did not appear to significantly affect amounts of P in the different soil P fractions. Mechanical cultivation and the subsequent fallow period (18 months) resulted in significant increases in amounts of P in the NaHCO₃ and NaOH inorganic P fractions. This was attributed to P released from the microbial decomposition of plant residues, although the absence of plants significantly reduced levels of microbial P in the cultivated soils. Practical implications of the results obtained in the present study were presented and discussed.
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Jones, Samantha. "Deconstructing the degradation debate : a study of land degradation in the Uluguru Mountains, Tanzania." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.338943.
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Aburas, Murad Milad. "Assessment of Soil Erodibility in Relation to Soil Degradation and land Use in mediterranean Libya." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.506543.
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Mare, Boussa Tockville <1979>. "Physical land degradation and loss of soil fertility: soil structural stability and bio-physical indicators." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6638/.
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This study investigates the changes in soil fertility due to the different aggregate breakdown mechanisms and it analyses their relationships in different soil-plant systems, using physical aggregates behavior and organic matter (OM) changes as indicators.
Three case studies were investigated: i) an organic agricultural soil, where a combined method, aimed to couple aggregate stability to nutrients loss, were tested; ii) a soil biosequence, where OM chemical characterisation and fractionation of aggregates on the basis of their physical behaviour were coupled and iii) a soils sequence in different phytoclimatic conditions, where isotopic C signature of separated aggregates was analysed.
In agricultural soils the proposed combined method allows to identify that the severity of aggregate breakdown affected the quantity of nutrients lost more than nutrients availability, and that P, K and Mg were the most susceptible elements to water abrasion, while C and N were mainly susceptible to wetting.
In the studied Chestnut-Douglas fir biosequence, OM chemical properties affected the relative importance of OM direct and indirect mechanisms (i.e., organic and organic-metallic cements, respectively) involved in aggregate stability and nutrient losses: under Douglas fir, high presence of carboxylate groups enhanced OM-metal interactions and stabilised aggregates; whereas under Chestnut, OM directly acted and fresh, more C-rich OM was preserved. OM direct mechanism seemed to be more efficient in C preservation in aggregates.
The 13C natural abundance approach showed that, according to phytoclimatic conditions, stable macroaggregates can form both around partially decomposed OM and by organic-mineral interactions. In topsoils, aggregate resistance enhanced 13C-rich OM preservation, but in subsoils C preservation was due to other mechanisms, likely OM-mineral interactions.
The proposed combined approach seems to be useful in the understanding of C and nutrients fate relates to water stresses, and in future research it could provide new insights into the complexity of soil biophysical processes.
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Harvey, Martin Alan Peter Taylor. "4-chlorobenzoate permeation and degradation in Arthrobacter." Thesis, University of Greenwich, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.282671.
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Pascual, GarciÌa de Azilu Unai. "Modelling labour supply and soil quality in shifting cultivation agriculture : a study from YucataÌn, Mexico." Thesis, University of York, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288198.
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Norman, Mark D. P. "Microbiological analysis of soil perturbations associated with opencast coal mining and their consequences for restoration." Thesis, University of East London, 1995. http://roar.uel.ac.uk/3606/.
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The work presented in this thesis was performed firstly to highlight the changes wrought in restored soil systems following the disruptive activities of opencast coal mining, and thereafter to identify, simulate and assess the effects of some typical perturbations associated with these activities. The microbial community was used as a focus for these investigations and the methods of soil adenosine 5'- triphosphate content analysis, dehydrogenase activity analysis and ergosterol content analysis were utilised alongside several other physical and chemical determinations. A field study of restored sites of various ages after cessation of opencast coal mining was undertaken which reinforced the utility of the microbial measurements. Experimentation was performed to investigate the effects of soil storage (at two depths), physical disturbance, compaction and the effects of the different combinations of these perturbations. Novel findings were obtained largely due to the paucity of research addressing the controlled manipulation and careful interpretation of these individual perturbations, and their effects when combined. The storage of soil was found to be the dominant factor influencing the status of the microbial communities upon restoration, and also influencing the development of these communities and the emergent plant biomass, post-restoration. This study found that soil, reinstated after opencast coal mining, becomes quickly dominated by fungi and, under grassland management, this domination then subsides over many years to a more bacterialcharacterised system. Differences were identified between the action of physical disturbance and compaction on stored and unstored soils. The deleterious effect of physical disturbance on unstored soil and the apparent ameliorative effect on soil affected by opencast operations can be interpreted through the change in soil architecture engendered by this treatment. The severe disturbances associated with opencast coal mining were found to affect the soil biota, primarily in terms of enduring environmental change. Thus the study of soil ecology was used as a sensitive indicator of recovery of disturbed land, and the changing energy flow through detrital food-webs was used as a model to follow this recovery process.
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Edwards, Rebecca Jane. "Land degradation and local management strategies in hillside agriculture : a Jamaican case study." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322071.
Full textBooks on the topic "Land Capability and Soil Degradation"
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Runge, Werner. Land qualities in the south-west of Western Australia: A summary of land degradation and land capability. Nedlands, W.A: Dept. of Geography, University of Western Australia, 1999.
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Siêm, Nguyẽ̂n Tử. Đá̂t đò̂i núi Việt Nam: Thoái hoá và phục hò̂i. Hà Nội: Nhà xuá̂t bản Nông nghiệp, 1999.
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Wiebe, Keith Daniel. Linking land quality, agricultural productivity, and food security. Washington, D.C: United States, Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, 2003.
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Wiebe, Keith Daniel. Linking land quality, agricultural productivity, and food security. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, 2003.
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Wiebe, Keith Daniel. Linking land quality, agricultural productivity, and food security. Washington, D.C: United States, Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, 2003.
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Mäckel, Rüdiger. Naturpotential und Landdegradierung in den Trockengebieten Kenias. Stuttgart: F. Steiner, 1993.
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El sözü--yurd yaddaşı. Bakı: Elm, 2010.
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Degradation of the land. New York: Chelsea House, 1992.
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C, Brookfield H., ed. Land degradation and society. London: Methuen, 1987.
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C, Brookfield H., ed. Land degradation and society. London: Routledge, 1994.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Land Capability and Soil Degradation"
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De Bruyn, Lisa Alexandra Lobry. "Establishing Farmers’ Understanding of Soil Health for the Future Development of ‘User-Friendly’ Soil Monitoring Packages." In Land Degradation, 187–206. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2033-5_12.
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Watson, Helen Kerr. "Soil Sustainability and Land Reform in South Africa." In Land Degradation, 153–66. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2033-5_10.
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Davidson, Donald A., Ian C. Grieve, and Andrew N. Tyler. "An Assessment of Soil Erosion by Water in Scotland." In Land Degradation, 93–108. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2033-5_6.
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Gísladóttir, Gudrún. "Ecological Disturbance and Soil Erosion on Grazing Land in Southwest Iceland." In Land Degradation, 109–26. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2033-5_7.
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Zoebisch, Michael A., and Eddy De Pauw. "Soil Degradation: Food Security." In Landscape and Land Capacity, 191–97. Second edition. | Boca Raton: CRC Press, [2020] | Revised edition of: Encyclopedia of natural resources. [2014].: CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429445552-29.
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Kapur, Selim, and Erhan Akça. "Soil Degradation: Global Assessment." In Landscape and Land Capacity, 199–210. Second edition. | Boca Raton: CRC Press, [2020] | Revised edition of: Encyclopedia of natural resources. [2014].: CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429445552-30.
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Hillel, Daniel, Ademola K. Braimoh, and Paul L. G. Vlek. "Soil Degradation Under Irrigation." In Land Use and Soil Resources, 101–19. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6778-5_6.
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Schnabel, S., F. González, M. Murillo, and V. Moreno. "Different Techniques of Pasture Improvement and Soil Erosion in a Wooded Rangeland in SW Spain." In Land Degradation, 239–53. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2033-5_15.
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Pagliai, Marcello. "Soil Degradation and Land Use." In Biological Resources and Migration, 273–80. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-06083-4_27.
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Dougill, A. J., and A. D. Thomas. "Potentials and Problems in Using Nebkha Dunes as Indicators of Soil Degradation in the Molopo Basin, South Africa and Botswana." In Land Degradation, 37–51. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2033-5_3.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Land Capability and Soil Degradation"
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Okolelova, Alla, and Galina Egorova. "THE FACTORS INCREASING THE OBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT OF OIL PRODUCTS IN SOIL." In Land Degradation and Desertification: Problems of Sustainable Land Management and Adaptation. LLC MAKS Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m1716.978-5-317-06490-7/235-240.
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Natural objective reasons significantly complicate the objective assessment of oil products in soils: a variety of chemical forms of the pollutants connection, the soil ability to self-healing and self-cleaning, provincial features of the soil cover, lack of objective criteria.To increase the objectivity of determining the presence of oil products in soils, it is proposed to take into account the following factors: analysis methods of soils contaminated with oil products, the chemical properties of extractants extracting oil products from soil samples, the content of soil organic carbon and nonspecific organic compounds in conditionally unpolluted and oil-polluted soils, an increase in organic carbon in soils contaminated with petroleum products, units of measurement (% or mg / kg), the soil horizonin which soil samples were taken, the presence of discrepancies in GOST standards on the standardization of pollutants of organic origin in soils, the state of modern rationing of oil and oil products in soils and the terminological aspect.
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Kogut, Boris. "ARGUMENTS AND FACTS AGAINST THE INITIATIVE «SOIL CARBON 4 PER MILLE»." In Land Degradation and Desertification: Problems of Sustainable Land Management and Adaptation. LLC MAKS Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m1699.978-5-317-06490-7/155-158.
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A critical analysis of the 4‰-initiative ideas is given. Data on the actual sizes of carbon sequestration in the upper soil layer are presented. The “Soil carbon 4 per mille” initiative is too politicized and commercialized. It does not withstand any scientific criticism and cannot be implemented in the 21st century.
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Volokitin, Mitrofan. "PHYSICAL DEGRADATION OF SOILS DURING THEIR USE." In Land Degradation and Desertification: Problems of Sustainable Land Management and Adaptation. LLC MAKS Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m1712.978-5-317-06490-7/218-222.
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The issues related to the degradation of agrophysical parameters of soils are considered. The studies were carried out on gray forest soils of the northern forest-steppe. The assessment of the degree of degradation of the water resistance of the macrostructure of soils during their agricultural use has been carried out. The relationship between the bulk density and the lowest moisture capacity, inter-aggregate cohesion and the filtration coefficient of gray forest soil has been established. Soil losses during thawed runoff were estimated.
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Ilyin, Yuri, Aleksandr Mangataev, and Maria Semenova. "WATER REGIME OF ALLUVIAL MEADOW SOIL IN THE DRY STEPPE ZONE OF WESTERN TRANSBAIKALIA." In Land Degradation and Desertification: Problems of Sustainable Land Management and Adaptation. LLC MAKS Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m1688.978-5-317-06490-7/112-116.
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Based on the monitoring of changes in climate indicators of the dry-steppe zone of Western Transbaikalia over the past 40 years, it has been revealed that the amount of effective rainfall, starting from the second six-year cycle, is steadily decreasing with a simultaneous increase in the amount of ineffective rainfall. As a result, there is a lack of moisture in the root layer of the soil and a soil drought is formed.
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Sambuu, Anna, B. Mongush, and Sh Mongush. "NATURAL AND ANTHROPOGENIC DEGRADATION PROCESSES DESERTED STEPPES OF THE UBSUNUR BASIN." In Land Degradation and Desertification: Problems of Sustainable Land Management and Adaptation. LLC MAKS Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m1717.978-5-317-06490-7/240-244.
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Steppes in Tuva occupy intermountain basins with altitudes of 550-1200 m above sea level, the lower parts of mountain slopes, and high terraces of river valleys. Large massifs of steppes are typical for the Ulugh-Khem and Ubsunur basins. Studies to assess the state of soil and vegetation cover were conducted in the North-Eastern (Tuva) part of the drainless Ubsunur basin in July-August 1997-2020 using the route method. The location of the basin between the boreal landscapes of Siberia and the desert-steppe landscapes of Central Asia is characterized by a variety of landforms, heterogeneity of soil and vegetation cover, and a unique distribution of climatic factors and geological history. The source material was our own data from soil and geobotanical studies and remote materials from different observation periods. Observation data from different survey years were linked to the Landsat satellite image for July-August 1997-2019. Route studies were carried out on the main geomorphological profiles from the southern foothills of the Western and Eastern Tannu-Ola ranges to the coast of oz. Ubsa-Nur (from North to South). Reference soil sections were laid at key sites, morphological descriptions of soil profiles and horizon-based sampling were carried out. Soil samples were taken to determine the humus content, granulometric composition, size and nature of salinity-the main indicators of soil desertification. Observations also covered the Eastern and Western parts of the basin, which revealed the direction of degradation of desolate steppes in different geomorphological positions of the territory, but also with different nature and intensity of anthropogenic impact.
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Rafikova, Yuliya, Jalil Suyundukov, Yu Seregina, Irina Semenova, Reseda Khasanova, M. Suyundukova, and Gulnaz Ilbulova. "ASSESSMENT OF THE DEGREE OF SOIL DEGRADATION IN THE ZONE OF INFLUENCE OF MINING ENTERPRISES." In Land Degradation and Desertification: Problems of Sustainable Land Management and Adaptation. LLC MAKS Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m1679.978-5-317-06490-7/74-78.
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The results of studying the processes of physical and chemical degradation of soils in mining territories are presented. The main categories of urban soils are: undegraded natural, medium-degraded anthropogenic-surface-transformed, and highly degraded anthropogenic-deep-transformed. The results of studies of the processes of physical degradation of soils on changes in morphological characteristics and physical properties of soils are presented. The imposition of industrial pollution of mining territories with heavy metals on the natural increased geochemical background leads to chemical degradation of soils, the formation of zones with different degrees of pollution, depending on the type of functional use of land.
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Rusakov, Aleksey, Yulia Simonova, Aleksandr Ryumin, A. Popov, and Natalya Lemeshko. "ESTIMATION OF THE FERTILITY OF AGRICULTURAL SOILS IN THE NORTHERN PART OF THE YAROSLAVSK REGION AND TRENDS OF THEIR EVOLUTIONARY CHANGES FOR A 30-YEAR POST AGROGENIC PERIOD BASED ON THE SOIL- ECOLOGICAL INDEX." In Land Degradation and Desertification: Problems of Sustainable Land Management and Adaptation. LLC MAKS Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m1681.978-5-317-06490-7/81-86.
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The assessment of the agricultural production potential of the soils of the former arable lands was carried out on the basis of the updated soil-ecological index. It was revealed that among the agrosoils of Poshekhonsk district, soils with 20-39 points prevail, which generally indicates low and medium levels of potential soil fertility in the studied area in the late perestroika period. Comparison of morphological and genetic properties of soils for the period 1988-1990 and for 2019 showed the trends of their evolutionary changes. Multidirectional trends in the transformation of soil properties, developed on a contrasting lithogenic parent rocks, with a change in land use during the last 30-35-year period have been established. In loamy soils, stable hydromorphism features are observed everywhere, degradation processes prevail, expressed in dehumification, a sharp depletion of mobile forms of mineral nutrition elements of plants and, in some cases, acidification of humus postagrogenic horizons. It has been established that fallow soils on loamy parent material are characterized by a noticeable (by 1.1-1.9 times) decrease in the values of soil-ecological index in comparison with their arable state. On the contrary, in soils of light particle size distribution, the dominant processes are due to an increase in humus content and a decrease in acidity. The specificity of postagrogenic evolution and the emergence of new soil properties should be taken into account when performing soil-agroecological assessments and forecasting agricultural production potential against the background of changed climatic conditions.
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Popov, Aleksandr, A. Rusakov, Yulia Simonova, and K. Tsivka. "ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSTIC INDICATORS OF ORGANIC MATTER QUALITATIVE COMPOSITION OF YAROSLAVL VOLGA REGION POST-AGROGENIC SOILS AGAINST THE BACKGROUND OF MODERN CLIMATE CHANGES." In Land Degradation and Desertification: Problems of Sustainable Land Management and Adaptation. LLC MAKS Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m1702.978-5-317-06490-7/169-175.
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The purpose of this work was to characterize the postagrogenic transformation of soil organic matter (SOM). For decision of this purpose the results of chemodestructive fractionation (CDF), the content of chlorophylls a and b , pheophetins and carotenoids, and Margalef's pigment index (PI) were used newly. Subjects of inquiry-humus horizons of soils of arable lands and fallow areas of Poshekhonsky district of the Yaroslavl region of the Russian Federation-were stitch together into two groups with differ in the type of land use. In one of them, the soils remained arable for 30-40 years (arable-arable group), in the other - the soils of arable land for the same time period were transferred to the fallow (arable-fallow group). It was found that increasing the soil water content of fallow plots compared to arable soils can lead: to improved livelihoods of the soil algocenoses (the value of PI Margalef decreased) to increase the carbon content of organic compounds, to increase the number legkomyslenno fraction in the organic component of soil, increased hydrolytic processes that reduce the content of carotenoids and chlorins (in particular, pheophytinand chlorophylls a and b) in SOM composition. Thus, results of CDF and content of chlorophylls a and b , pheophetins and carotenoids can be used to assess the postagrogenic transformation of SOM, and Margalef's PI-to characterize soil algocenosis.
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Mukhabbatov, Kh. "ABOUT THE CONSEQUENSES OF DESERTIFICATION OF MOUNTAINOUS REGIONS OF TAJIKISTAN." In Land Degradation and Desertification: Problems of Sustainable Land Management and Adaptation. LLC MAKS Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m1677.978-5-317-06490-7/65-68.
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The risk of desertification in the agricultural regions leads to search an affective ways and measures directed for prevention of further soil degradation. According to conducted research works, almost in all mountainous parts of the republic denudations and erosions are spread, which are the main components of soil desertification of slopes.
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Matichenkov, V. "REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GASES EMISSION UNDER SILICON FERTILIZER APPLICATION." In Land Degradation and Desertification: Problems of Sustainable Land Management and Adaptation. LLC MAKS Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m1701.978-5-317-06490-7/165-169.
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The application of Si fertilizer is example of “green” low emission technology. The using of biochemical active forms of Si allow to reduce the greenhouse gases emission from cultivated soils, increase the carbon content in soil matrix, increase cultivated plants resistance to abiotic stresses and increase the quality and quantity of crop. Our investigations have sowed the presence of monosilicic acid in soil provide the reduction of N2O emission in 1.6-2 times because the denitrification process in such soil are complete with final formation of N2. The application of Si fertilizer increased the rice crop on 5-55% with carbon sequestration up to 15 t/ha of CO2 during one season.
Reports on the topic "Land Capability and Soil Degradation"
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Douglas, Thomas, M. Jorgenson, Hélène Genet, Bruce Marcot, and Patricia Nelsen. Interior Alaska DoD training land wildlife habitat vulnerability to permafrost thaw, an altered fire regime, and hydrologic changes. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/43146.
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Climate change and intensification of disturbance regimes are increasing the vulnerability of interior Alaska Department of Defense (DoD) training ranges to widespread land cover and hydrologic changes. This is expected to have profound impacts on wildlife habitats, conservation objectives, permitting requirements, and military training activities. The objective of this three-year research effort was to provide United States Army Alaska Garrison Fort Wainwright, Alaska (USAG-FWA) training land managers a scientific-based geospatial framework to assess wildlife habitat distribution and trajectories of change and to identify vulnerable wildlife species whose habitats and resources are likely to decline in response to permafrost degradation, changing wildfire regimes, and hydrologic reorganization projected to 2100. We linked field measurements, data synthesis, repeat imagery analyses, remote sensing measurements, and model simulations focused on land cover dynamics and wildlife habitat characteristics to identify suites of wildlife species most vulnerable to climate change. From this, we created a robust database linking vegetation, soil, and environmental characteristics across interior Alaska training ranges. The framework used is designed to support decision making for conservation management and habitat monitoring, land use, infrastructure development, and adaptive management across the interior Alaska DoD cantonment and training land domain.
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Douglas, Thomas A., Christopher A. Hiemstra, Miriam C. Jones, and Jeffrey R. Arnold. Sources and Sinks of Carbon in Boreal Ecosystems of Interior Alaska : A Review. U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41163.
Full textAbstract:
Boreal ecosystems store large quantities of carbon but are increasingly vulnerable to carbon loss due to disturbance and climate warming. The boreal region in Alaska and Canada, largely underlain by discontinuous permafrost, presents a challenging landscape for itemizing carbon sources and sinks in soil and vegetation. The roles of fire, forest succession, and the presence/absence of permafrost on carbon cycle, vegetation, and hydrologic processes have been the focus of multidisciplinary research in boreal ecosystems for the past 20 years. However, projections of a warming future climate, an increase in fire severity and extent, and the potential degradation of permafrost could lead to major landscape and carbon cycle changes over the next 20 to 50 years. To assist land managers in interior Alaska in adapting and managing for potential changes in the carbon cycle, this paper was developed incorporating an overview of the climate, ecosystem processes, vegetation, and soil regimes. The objective is to provide a synthesis of the most current carbon storage estimates and measurements to guide policy and land management decisions on how to best manage carbon sources and sinks. We provide recommendations to address the challenges facing land managers in efforts to manage carbon cycle processes. The results of this study can be used for carbon cycle management in other locations within the boreal biome which encompasses a broad distribution from 45° to 83° north.
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Phuong, Vu Tan, Nguyen Van Truong, Do Trong Hoan, Hoang Nguyen Viet Hoa, and Nguyen Duy Khanh. Understanding tree-cover transitions, drivers and stakeholders’ perspectives for effective landscape governance: a case study of Chieng Yen Commune, Son La Province, Viet Nam. World Agroforestry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/wp21023.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Integrated landscape management for sustainable livelihoods and positive environmental outcomes has been desired by many developing countries, especially for mountainous areas where agricultural activities, if not well managed, will likely degrade vulnerable landscapes. This research was an attempt to characterize the landscape in Chieng Yen Commune, Son La Province in Northwest Viet Nam to generate knowledge and understanding of local conditions and to propose a workable governance mechanism to sustainably manage the landscape. ICRAF, together with national partners — Vietnamese Academy of Forest Sciences, Soil and Fertilizer Research Institute — and local partners — Son La Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, Son La Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Chieng Yen Commune People’s Committee — conducted rapid assessments in the landscape, including land-use mapping, land-use characterization, a household survey and participatory landscape assessment using an ecosystem services framework. We found that the landscape and peoples’ livelihoods are at risk from the continuous degradation of forest and agricultural land, and declining productivity, ecosystem conditions and services. Half of households live below the poverty line with insufficient agricultural production for subsistence. Unsustainable agricultural practices and other livelihood activities are causing more damage to the forest. Meanwhile, existing forest and landscape governance mechanisms are generally not inclusive of local community engagement. Initial recommendations are provided, including further assessment to address current knowledge gaps.
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Schlossnagle, Trevor H., Janae Wallace,, and Nathan Payne. Analysis of Septic-Tank Density for Four Communities in Iron County, Utah - Newcastle, Kanarraville, Summit, and Paragonah. Utah Geological Survey, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.34191/ri-284.
Full textAbstract:
Iron County is a semi-rural area in southwestern Utah that is experiencing an increase in residential development. Although much of the development is on community sewer systems, many subdivisions use septic tank soil-absorption systems for wastewater disposal. Many of these septic-tank systems overlie the basin-fill deposits that compose the principal aquifer for the area. The purpose of our study is to provide tools for waterresource management and land-use planning. In this study we (1) characterize the water quality of four areas in Iron County (Newcastle, Kanarraville, Summit, and Paragonah) with emphasis on nutrients, and (2) provide a mass-balance analysis based on numbers of septic-tank systems, groundwater flow available for mixing, and baseline nitrate concentrations, and thereby recommend appropriate septic-system density requirements to limit water-quality degradation. We collected 57 groundwater samples and three surface water samples across the four study areas to establish baseline nitrate concentrations. The baseline nitrate concentrations for Newcastle, Kanarraville, Summit, and Paragonah are 1.51 mg/L, 1.42 mg/L, 2.2 mg/L, and 1.76 mg/L, respectively. We employed a mass-balance approach to determine septic-tank densities using existing septic systems and baseline nitrate concentrations for each region. Nitrogen in the form of nitrate is one of the principal indicators of pollution from septic tank soil-absorption systems. To provide recommended septic-system densities, we used a mass-balance approach in which the nitrogen mass from projected additional septic tanks is added to the current nitrogen mass and then diluted with groundwater flow available for mixing plus the water added by the septic-tank systems themselves. We used an allowable degradation of 1 mg/L with respect to nitrate. Groundwater flow volume available for mixing was calculated from existing hydrogeologic data. We used data from aquifer tests compiled from drinking water source protection documents to derive hydraulic conductivity from reported transmissivities. Potentiometric surface maps from existing publications and datasets were used to determine groundwater flow directions and hydraulic gradients. Our results using the mass balance approach indicate that the most appropriate recommended maximum septic-tank densities in Newcastle, Kanarraville, Summit, and Paragonah are 23 acres per system, 7 acres per system, 5 acres per system, and 11 acres per system, respectively. These recommendations are based on hydrogeologic parameters used to estimate groundwater flow volume. Public valley-wide sewer systems may be a better alternative to septic-tank systems where feasible.
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Walsh, Alex. The Contentious Politics of Tunisia’s Natural Resource Management and the Prospects of the Renewable Energy Transition. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.048.
Full textAbstract:
For many decades in Tunisia, there has been a robust link between natural resource management and contentious national and local politics. These disputes manifest in the form of protests, sit-ins, the disruption of production and distribution and legal suits on the one hand, and corporate and government response using coercive and concessionary measures on the other. Residents of resource-rich areas and their allies protest the inequitable distribution of their local natural wealth and the degradation of their health, land, water, soil and air. They contest a dynamic that tends to bring greater benefit to Tunisia’s coastal metropolitan areas. Natural resource exploitation is also a source of livelihoods and the contentious politics around them have, at times, led to somewhat more equitable relationships. The most important actors in these contentious politics include citizens, activists, local NGOs, local and national government, international commercial interests, international NGOs and multilateral organisations. These politics fit into wider and very longstanding patterns of wealth distribution in Tunisia and were part of the popular alienation that drove the uprising of 2011. In many ways, the dynamic of the contentious politics is fundamentally unchanged since prior to the uprising and protests have taken place within the same month of writing of this paper. Looking onto this scene, commentators use the frame of margins versus centre (‘marginalization’), and also apply the lens of labour versus capital. If this latter lens is applied, not only is there continuity from prior to 2011, there is continuity with the colonial era when natural resource extraction was first industrialised and internationalised. In these ways, the management of Tunisia’s natural wealth is a significant part of the country’s serious political and economic challenges, making it a major factor in the street politics unfolding at the time of writing.