Relevant bibliographies by topics / Land application risk assessment

Academic literature on the topic 'Land application risk assessment'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 10 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Land application risk assessment"

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Gerba, Charles P., Nohelia Castro-del Campo, John P. Brooks, and Ian L. Pepper. "Exposure and risk assessment of Salmonella in recycled residuals." Water Science and Technology 57, no. 7 (April 1, 2008): 1061–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2008.235.

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The potential health effects of Salmonella found in wastewater residuals is dependent on the exposure of individuals to the organism. This paper provides a risk assessment for human infection from Salmonella due to direct contact with Class B biosolids, and from contact with Class A biosolids following regrowth of Salmonella. In addition, a risk assessment is provided for infection via airborne transport of bioaerosols from Class B biosolids and biosolids in which regrowth had occurred, to off-site communities. Results of the risk characterization imply that the risk of human infection from direct contact with Class B land applied residuals and subsequent ingestion is low. In contrast, the risk from direct contact with Class A residuals following regrowth is greater. Risks from airborne transport of Salmonella via bioaerosols away from a Class B land application site are also low. However, once again the risk from aerosols resulting from biosolids in which regrowth had occurred was greater. Based on these analyses, we conclude that it is highly unlikely that Salmonella infections will occur from land applied Class A or B residuals. However, risks become significant if Class A biosolids are stored anaerobically i.e. saturated, prior to land application.
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Galada, Heather C., Patrick L. Gurian, Mira S. Olson, Jingjie Teng, Arun Kumar, Michael Wardell, Sara Eggers, and Elizabeth Casman. "Development of Failure Scenarios for Biosolids Land Application Risk Assessment." Water Environment Research 85, no. 2 (February 1, 2013): 141–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/106143012x13373575831079.

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Zhu, Qingjie, Youpo Su, and Desheng Dash Wu. "Risk assessment of land-use suitability and application to Tangshan City." International Journal of Environment and Pollution 42, no. 4 (2010): 330. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijep.2010.035348.

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Lytton, L., S. Howe, R. Sage, and P. Greenaway. "Groundwater pollution risk assessment methodology." Water Science and Technology 47, no. 9 (May 1, 2003): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0478.

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A generic groundwater pollution risk assessment methodology has been developed to enable the evaluation and ranking of the potential risk of pollution to groundwater abstractions. The ranking can then be used to prioritise risk management or mitigation procedures in a robust and quantifiable framework and thus inform business investment decisions. The risk assessment considers the three components of the pollution transport model: source - pathway - receptor. For groundwater abstractions these correspond to land use (with associated pollutants and shallow subsurface characteristics), aquifer and the abstraction borehole. An hierarchical approach was chosen to allow the risk assessment to be successfully carried out with different quality data for different parts of the model. The 400-day groundwater protection zone defines the catchment boundary that forms the spatial limit of the land use audit for each receptor. A risk score is obtained for each land use (potential pollution source) within the catchment. These scores are derived by considering the characteristics (such as load, persistence and toxicity) of all pollutants pertaining to each land use, their on-site management and the potential for the unsaturated subsurface to attenuate their effects in the event of a release. Risk scores are also applied to the aquifer characteristics (as pollutant pathway) and to the abstraction borehole (as pollutant receptor). Each risk score is accompanied by an uncertainty score which provides a guide to the confidence in the data used to compile the risk assessment. The application of the methodology has highlighted a number of problems in this type of work and results of initial case studies are being used to trial alternative scoring methods and a more simplified approach to accelerate the process of pollution risk assessment.
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WALKER, P. L., S. MUNRO, C. L. HAWKINGS, and F. E. SHEPHERD. "The Application of Risk Assessment to Contaminated Land: The British Gas Experience." Water and Environment Journal 8, no. 6 (December 1994): 607–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.1994.tb01157.x.

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Park, Kiyong, and Man-Hyung Lee. "The Development and Application of the Urban Flood Risk Assessment Model for Reflecting upon Urban Planning Elements." Water 11, no. 5 (May 1, 2019): 920. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11050920.

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As a city develops and expands, it is likely confronted with a variety of environmental problems. Although the impact of climate change on people has continuously increased in the past, great numbers of natural disasters in urban areas have become varied in terms of form. Among these urban disasters, urban flooding is the most frequent type, and this study focuses on urban flooding. In cities, the population and major facilities are concentrated, and to examine flooding issues in these urban areas, different levels of flooding risk are classified on 100 m × 100 m geographic grids to maximize the spatial efficiency during the flooding events and to minimize the following flooding damage. In this analysis, vulnerability and exposure tests are adopted to analyze urban flooding risks. The first method is based on land-use planning, and the building-to-land ratio. Using fuzzy approaches, the tests focus on risks. However, the latter method using the HEC-Ras model examines factors such as topology and precipitation volume. By mapping the classification of land-use and flooding, the risk of urban flooding is evaluated by grade-scales: green, yellow, orange, and red zones. There are two key findings and theoretical contributions of this study. First, the areas with a high flood risk are mainly restricted to central commercial areas where the main urban functions are concentrated. Additionally, the development density and urbanization are relatively high in these areas, in addition to the old center of urban areas. In the case of Changwon City, Euichang-gu and Seongsan-gu have increased the flood risk because of the high property value of commercial areas and high building density in these regions. Thus, land-use planning of these districts should be designed to reflect upon the different levels of flood risks, in addition to the preparation of anti-disaster facilities to mitigate flood damages in high flood risk areas. Urban flood risk analysis for individual land use districts would facilitate urban planners and managers to prioritize the areas with a high flood risk and to prepare responding preventive measures for more efficient flood management.
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O'Connor, George A., Robert B. Brobst, Rufus L. Chaney, Ron L. Kincaid, Lee R. McDowell, Gary M. Pierzynski, Alan Rubin, and Gary G. Van Riper. "A Modified Risk Assessment to Establish Molybdenum Standards for Land Application of Biosolids." Journal of Environmental Quality 30, no. 5 (September 2001): 1490–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2001.3051490x.

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Yakamercan, Elif, Akif Ari, and Ahmet Aygün. "Land application of municipal sewage sludge: Human health risk assessment of heavy metals." Journal of Cleaner Production 319 (October 2021): 128568. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.128568.

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Albano, Raffaele, Caterina Samela, Iulia Crăciun, Salvatore Manfreda, Jan Adamowski, Aurelia Sole, Åke Sivertun, and Alexandru Ozunu. "Large Scale Flood Risk Mapping in Data Scarce Environments: An Application for Romania." Water 12, no. 6 (June 26, 2020): 1834. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12061834.

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Large-scale flood risk assessment is essential in supporting national and global policies, emergency operations and land-use management. The present study proposes a cost-efficient method for the large-scale mapping of direct economic flood damage in data-scarce environments. The proposed framework consists of three main stages: (i) deriving a water depth map through a geomorphic method based on a supervised linear binary classification; (ii) generating an exposure land-use map developed from multi-spectral Landsat 8 satellite images using a machine-learning classification algorithm; and (iii) performing a flood damage assessment using a GIS tool, based on the vulnerability (depth–damage) curves method. The proposed integrated method was applied over the entire country of Romania (including minor order basins) for a 100-year return time at 30-m resolution. The results showed how the description of flood risk may especially benefit from the ability of the proposed cost-efficient model to carry out large-scale analyses in data-scarce environments. This approach may help in performing and updating risk assessments and management, taking into account the temporal and spatial changes in hazard, exposure, and vulnerability.
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Dunn, S. M., A. Lilly, J. DeGroote, and A. J. A. Vinten. "Nitrogen Risk Assessment Model for Scotland: II. Hydrological transport and model testing." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 8, no. 2 (April 30, 2004): 205–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-8-205-2004.

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Abstract. The amount and concentration of N in catchment runoff is strongly controlled by a number of hydrological influences, such as leaching rates and the rate of transport of N from the land to surface water bodies. This paper describes how the principal hydrological controls at a catchment scale have been represented within the Nitrogen Risk Assessment Model for Scotland (NIRAMS); it demonstrates their influence through application of the model to eight Scottish catchments, contrasting in terms of their land use, climate and topography. Calculation of N leaching rates, described in the preceding paper (Dunn et al., 2004), is based on soil water content determined by application of a weekly water balance model. This model uses national scale datasets and has been developed and applied to the whole of Scotland using five years of historical meteorological data. A catchment scale transport model, constructed from a 50m digital elevation model, routes flows of N through the sub-surface and groundwater to the stream system. The results of the simulations carried out for eight different catchments demonstrate that the NIRAMS model is capable of predicting time-series of weekly stream flows and N concentrations, to an acceptable degree of accuracy. The model provides an appropriate framework for risk assessment applications requiring predictions in ungauged catchments and at a national scale. Analysis of the model behaviour shows that streamwater N concentrations are controlled both by the rate of supply of N from leaching as well as the rate of transport of N from the land to the water. Keywords: nitrogen, diffuse pollution, hydrology, model, transport, catchment
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Land application risk assessment"

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Kendir, Ece. "Health Risk Assessment For The Land Application Of Biosolids In Ankara, Turkey." Master's thesis, METU, 2013. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615529/index.pdf.

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Biosolids are valuable products which can be beneficially used in land application. However, the possibility of serious health effects on humans due to several pollutants in biosolids creates a big concern. To address this issue, risk-based methodologies are commonly used to evaluate health effects associated with the land application of biosolids. This study aims to investigate the health risks associated with ingestion of biosolids or soil mixed with biosolids by a child. This study is the first health risk assessment study in Turkey for land application of biosolids. Monthly sludge samples taken from Ankara Central Wastewater Treatment Plant (ACWWTP) in 2012 were analyzed for seven heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn), and two organic contaminants (PCB and NPE) concentrations. To calculate health risks, methodologies developed by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) and French National Institute for Industrial Environment and Risks (INERIS) were used. With both methods, cancer and non-cancer risks for the ingestion by a child pathway were determined and found to be below the acceptable cancer and non-cancer risk levels suggested by U.S. EPA and INERIS. Additionally, same health risk calculations were conducted for sludge and soil limit values provided in Turkish Regulation for the Use of Sewage Sludge in Agriculture (2010) to determine what the maximum health risk would be for the worst case scenario in Turkey. According to the results, even if the concentrations are at the maximum possible regulatory levels, the health risks are still low.
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Brooks, John P. "Biological aerosols generated from the land application of biosolids: Microbial risk assessment." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280590.

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In the United States greater than 6 million dry tons of biosolids are produced nationwide, with greater than 60% being land applied. Although most counties utilizing land application are practicing this beyond nearby homes, the increase in population has begun to blur the line between rural and urban communities. This study was conducted to investigate the occurrence of biological aerosols (bioaerosols) containing microorganisms and endotoxins, and assess the human health risk involved in these practices. Aerosol samples were collected for 2 years from land application sites located at various locations throughout the U.S.A., which represented different climatic conditions and different application practices. Land application practices involved the use of liquid biosolids spray and "cake" biosolids applicators depending on location. Bioaerosols were collected via the use of six SKC Biosamplers, impinging air at a rate of 12.5 L/min for a total of 20 minutes. Samples were collected from both downwind of land application and background sites from distances ranging between 2 m and 70 m downwind. Microbial concentrations were measured within these aerosols, measurements included: heterotrophic plate count bacteria (HPC), coliphage, Clostridium perfringens, total coliforms, Escherichia coli, endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide), enteroviruses, norovirus, and Hepatitis A virus (HAV). In addition a model was developed to predict viral transport. Overall the levels of aerosolized indicator bacteria and phage were at or below detection limits. Three samples were positive for the presence of norovirus viral RNA via reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, although their viability was unable to be determined based on current available techniques. Calculated microbial risks of infection were determined to be at or below the acceptable risk of annual infection from drinking water proposed by the Environmental Protection Agency, 1:10,000. Biosolids loading scenarios presented the greatest risk of infection, partly due to the point source of exposure. All other portions of biosolids land application operations yielded risks of infection well below the annual 1:10,000 risk of infection. Overall the microbial aerosol exposures brought about by land applied biosolids are minimal and hence minimal overall risks of infection.
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Sinnett, Danielle. "Application of ecological risk assessment to community greenspace establishment on contaminated land." Thesis, University of Reading, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.525132.

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Clarke, Bradley, and Bradley clarke@student rmit edu au. "Persistent Organic Pollutants in Australian Sewage Sludge: Environmental Monitoring and Land Application Risk Assessment." RMIT University. Applied Sciences, 2008. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20081202.113842.

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Presented is a study of persistent organic pollutants in Australian sewage sludge, focusing on environmental monitoring and a sewage sludge land application human health risk contaminated with these compounds. The chemicals of concern were: • Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and
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Splajt, Tanya D. "Application of multi-scale assessment and modelling of landfill leachate migration : implications for risk-based contaminated land assessment, landfill remediation, and groundwater protection." Thesis, University of Hull, 2004. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:5600.

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There are a large number of unlined and historical landfill sites across Britain, contaminating groundwater and soil resources as well as posing a threat to human health and local communities. There is an essential requirement for robust methodology when carrying out risk-based site investigations prior to risk assessment and remediation of landfill sites. This research has focused upon the methods used during site investigations for two reasons. Firstly, the site investigation is often conducted using field instruments and methods that do not account for the heterogeneous conditions found at landfill sites. Interpreting geophysical conditions between sampled points is a common practise. Given the complex and heterogeneous conditions at landfill sites, such methodology introduces uncertainty into data sets. Secondly, risk estimation models that simulate groundwater flow and contaminant transport require extensive field information. The data used during model construction will significantly impact contaminant transport simulations. Modelling guidelines also need further development, ensuring that sound modelling practises are adhered to during model construction. To address these concerns, four research objectives were identified: (1) Two new multi-spatial field assessment methods (remote sensing and ground penetrating radar), previously applied in other fields of science, were tested on landfill sites; (2) Kriging was used as a tool to improve landfill-sampling strategies; (3 & 4) Groundwater flow and contaminant transport models were used to evaluate whether different scales of field data and modelling practises influenced modelling assumptions and simulation. The utility of novel field- and airborne-based remote sensing methodologies in identifying the location and intensity of vegetation stress caused by leachate migration and inferring pathways of near surface contamination using patterns of vegetation stress was proven. The results from the kriging investigations demonstrated that additional insight into field conditions could be resolved to identify locations of additional sampling points, and provide information about variability in hydrological data sets. The Ground Penetrating Radar investigations provided three types of valuable near-surface information that could assist in determining landfill risks: buried landfill features, leachate plume locations and local hydrogeological conditions. These combined methods provided detailed synoptic geophysical and contaminant information that would otherwise be difficult to determine. Their application and acceptance as site assessment methods (used under certain landfill conditions) could increase the accuracy of assessing risks posed by landfill leachate. These applications also demonstrated that the most effective site assessments are achieved when integrated with other field data such as soil, vegetation, and groundwater quantity measurements, contaminant concentrations and aerial photographs, providing comprehensive information needed for risk estimation modelling. The modelling analyses found that close attention must be paid to site-specific and model-specific characteristics, as well as modelling practises. These factors influenced model results. By using additional data to infer model parameters, it was evident that the amount of data available will influence the way in which risk will be perceived. The more data that was available during model construction, the higher the risk prediction. This was the case for some seventy- percent of the models. By improving the accuracy of site investigation methodology, and by adhering to robust assessment and modelling practices, a higher level of quality assurance can be achieved in the risk assessment and remediation of contaminating landfill sites. If the improvements and recommendations presented in this research are considered, uncertainties inherent in the site investigation could be reduced, therefore enhancing the accuracy of landfill risk assessment and remedial decisions.
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Marke, Thomas. "Development and Application of a Model Interface to couple Land Surface Models with Regional Climate Models for Climate Change Risk Assessment in the Upper Danube Watershed." Diss., lmu, 2008. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-91622.

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Morris, Jane Fiona. "Risk assessment of contaminated land." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.326527.

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Gay, Jennie Rebecca. "A spatially evaluated quantitative risk assessment for contaminated land." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/7570.

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Prosser, Philip. "Insecticides and birds : informing avian risk assessment." Thesis, University of Reading, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288675.

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Dryden, Sarah Elizabeth. "Computer-aided evaluation of contaminated land." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.319961.

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Books on the topic "Land application risk assessment"

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Sorvari, Jaana. Application of risk assessment and multi-criteria analysis in contaminated land management in Finland. Helsinki: Edita Prima, 2010.

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J, Lull Kenneth, and Flathead Basin Forest Practices, Water Quality and Fisheries Cooperative Program., eds. Development of a geographic information systems application for assessment of nonpoint source pollution risk on managed forest lands. Kalispell, Mont. (723 5th Ave. E., Kalispell 59901): Flathead Basin Commission, 1991.

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Virginia. General Assembly. Joint Legislative Audit & Review Commission. Review of land application of biosolids in Virginia: Report of the Joint Legislative Audit and Review Commission to the Governor and the General Assembly of Virginia. Richmond, Va: Commonwealth of Virginia, 2005.

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Virginia. Department of Health. Report of the Virginia Department of Health on the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's response to the National Research Council's report pertaining to the land application of biosolids to the Governor and the General Assembly of Virginia. Richmond, Va: Commonwealth of Virginia, 2004.

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T, Cairney, and Smith Mike, eds. Risk-based contaminated land investigation and assessment. Chichester: Wiley, 1997.

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Office, Tasmanian Audit. The assessment of land-use planning application. Hobart: Tasmanian Audit Office, 2012.

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Hygate, J. P. Ecotoxicology and contaminated land risk assessment. An investigation into the potential use of ecotoxicology in contaminated land risk assessment. Oxford: Oxford Brookes University, 1998.

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Grice, Allan M. Fire risk: Fire safety law and its practical application. London: Thorogood Pub. Ltd., 2009.

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Grice, Allan M. Fire risk: Fire safety law and its practical application. London: Thorogood Pub. Ltd., 2009.

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Sue, Herbert, and Institution of Civil Engineers (Great Britain), eds. Contaminated land: Investigation, assessment and remediation. London: Thomas Telford, 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Land application risk assessment"

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Ryan, James A. "Utilization of Risk Assessment in Development of Limits for Land Application of Municipal Sewage Sludge." In Sewage Sludge: Land Utilization and the Environment, 55–65. Madison, WI, USA: American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/1994.sewagesludge.c9.

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Tucci, Biagio, Gabriele Nolè, Antonio Lanorte, Valentina Santarsiero, Giuseppe Cillis, Francesco Scorza, and Beniamino Murgante. "Assessment and Monitoring of Soil Erosion Risk and Land Degradation in Arable Land Combining Remote Sensing Methodologies and RUSLE Factors." In Computational Science and Its Applications – ICCSA 2021, 704–16. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86979-3_50.

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Anthofer, Jürgen, Garry Schlosser, Jürgen Kroschel, and Norbert Claassen. "Adaptability Analysis and Risk Assessment of N Fertilizer Application to Maize in the Napu Valley of Central Sulawesi, Indonesia." In Land Use, Nature Conservation and the Stability of Rainforest Margins in Southeast Asia, 409–26. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-08237-9_23.

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Klier, André. "Bacillus thuringiensis : risk assessment." In Entomopathogenic Bacteria: from Laboratory to Field Application, 485–504. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1429-7_26.

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Beardsley, Daniel. "Application of Integrated Risk Analysis at EPA." In Risk Assessment and Management, 141–46. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-6443-7_16.

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Owen, Warren H. "Development and Application of Risk Analysis in Duke Power." In Risk Assessment and Management, 147–52. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-6443-7_17.

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Savrin, Jonathan, and Richard Dime. "Development and Application of a Shower Risk Assessment Model." In Risk Analysis, 393–403. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0730-1_39.

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Jin, Shangzhu, Qiang Shen, and Jun Peng. "Application: Terrorism Risk Assessment Using BFRI." In Backward Fuzzy Rule Interpolation, 121–41. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1654-8_7.

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Gaté, Laurent, Frédéric Cosnier, and Flemming R. Cassee. "Rodent Inhalation Studies in Nanomaterial Risk Assessment." In Biomedical Application of Nanoparticles, 163–88. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, 2017.: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315152363-7.

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Haberlandt, Uwe, Yeshewatesfa Hundecha, Markus Pahlow, and Andreas H. Schumann. "Rainfall Generators for Application in Flood Studies." In Flood Risk Assessment and Management, 117–47. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9917-4_7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Land application risk assessment"

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Gong, Lu, Aniwaer Amut, Qingdong Shi, and Gary Z. Wang. "Landscape ecological risk assessment study in arid land." In Optical Engineering + Applications, edited by Wei Gao and Susan L. Ustin. SPIE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.733025.

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Goodfellow, Graham D., Jane V. Haswell, Rod McConnell, and Neil W. Jackson. "Development of Risk Assessment Code Supplements for the UK Pipeline Codes IGE/TD/1 and PD 8010." In 2008 7th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2008-64493.

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The United Kingdom Onshore Pipeline Operators Association (UKOPA) was formed by UK pipeline operators to provide a common forum for representing pipeline operators interests in the safe management of pipelines. This includes ensuring that UK pipeline codes include best practice, and that there is a common view in terms of compliance with these codes. Major hazard cross country pipelines are laid on 3rd party land, and in general have an operational life typically greater than 50 years. The land use in the vicinity of any pipeline will change with time, and buildings will be constructed adjacent to the pipeline route. This can result in population density and proximity infringements, and the pipeline becoming non-compliant with the code. Accordingly, a land use planning system is applied so that the safety of, and risk to, developments in the vicinity of major hazard pipelines are assessed at the planning stage. In the UK, the Health & Safety Executive (HSE) are statutory consultees to this process, and they set a quantitative risk-based consultation zone around major hazard pipelines, where the risks to people and developments must be assessed. Quantitative risk assessment (QRA) requires expertise, and the results obtained are dependent upon consequence and failure models, input data, assumptions and criteria. UKOPA has worked to obtain cross-stakeholder agreement on how QRA is applied to land use planning assessments. A major part of the strategy to achieve this was the development of supplements for the UK design codes IGE/TD/1 and PD 8010, to provide authoritative and accepted guidance on the risk analysis of: i) Site specific pipeline details, for example increased wall thickness, pipeline protection (such as slabbing), depth of cover, damage type and failure mode, and ii) The impact of mitigation measures which could be applied as part of the development. The availability of this codified advice would ensure a standard and consistent approach, and reduce the potential for disagreement between stakeholders on the acceptability of proposed developments. This paper describes the guidance given in these code supplements in relation to consequence modelling, prediction of failure frequency, application of risk criteria, implementation of risk mitigation and summaries the assessment example provided.
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Roemer, Michael J., and Gregory J. Kacprzynski. "Advanced Diagnostic and Prognostic Technologies for Gas Turbine Engine Risk Assessment." In ASME Turbo Expo 2000: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/2000-gt-0030.

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Real-time, integrated health monitoring of gas turbine engines that can detect, classify, and predict developing engine faults is critical to reducing operating and maintenance costs while optimizing the life of critical engine components. Statistical-based anomaly detection algorithms, fault pattern recognition techniques and advanced probabilistic models for diagnosing structural, performance and vibration related faults and degradation can now be developed for real-time monitoring environments. Integration and implementation of these advanced technologies presents a great opportunity to significantly enhance current engine health monitoring capabilities and risk management practices. This paper describes some novel diagnostic and prognostic technologies for dedicated, real-time sensor analysis, performance anomaly detection and diagnosis, vibration fault detection, and component prognostics. The technologies have been developed for gas turbine engine health monitoring and prediction applications which includes an array of intelligent algorithms for assessing the total ‘health’ of an engine, both mechanically and thermodynamically. This includes the ability to account for uncertainties from engine transient conditions, random measurement fluctuations and modeling errors associated with model-based diagnostic and prognostic procedures. The implementation of probabilistic methods in the diagnostic and prognostic methodology is critical to accommodating for these types of uncertainties.
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Chien, Lien-Kwei, Chi-Wen Huang, Wei-Po Huang, Cheng-Yu Ku, and Chih-Hsin Chang. "Application of Nearshore Risk Assessment of Hazard and Vulnerability in Marine Resource Area for National Spatial Planning." In ASME 2019 38th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-96706.

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Abstract Taiwan is surrounded by sea. Thus, with the rapid growth of population, the coastal area can be considered for development in the future to satisfy the needs of the population. Moreover, the marine areas and nearshore areas of Taiwan can be developed and used. Therefore, there is a high concern pertaining to the management and use of marine areas and nearshore areas. The “Coastal Management Law” was announced and implemented in Taiwan on February 4, 2015 and defines the coastal areas in Taiwan. On January 6, 2016, the “National Land Planning Law” was announced, and the national spatial land was divided into four functional zones. This study aimed to designate the marine resource zones. The Ministry of the Interior (Taiwan) announced the national spatial plan on April 30, 2018 and proposed the conditions for the allocation of the marine resource zones. However, the conditions only considered the exclusivity or compatibility of the legal use of the marine areas. Therefore, the results of this study provide details pertaining to the risk level of nearshore areas. In the future, these results could be used as the foundation for the selection of marine resource zones and could be used to propose new plans for the selection conditions of the marine resource zones. The findings of this study can provide the central government agency with a reference for the planning and management of national spatial land.
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Ma˚rtensson, Hans, Johan Forsman, and Martin Eriksson. "Simplified Forced Response HCF Assessment of Turbomachinery Blades." In ASME Turbo Expo 2009: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2009-60166.

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A method is proposed for HCF-analysis that is suitable for use in early design stages of turbomachinery blades. Quantitative measures of the risk for later encountering HCF life limiting vibrations are the goal for the development. The novelty of the system is the unique and rational way all design data are processed resulting in a mode risk priority listing. The method makes extensive use of FE calculated modal analyses and simple assumptions on the modal force and damping. The modal force is taken proportional to the tangential force on the blade over the operating range. This choice is made because the tangential force is known early on from the compressor performance map, and gives a reasonable scaling with the operating point. Crossings occurring at low speed get a lower force than at high speed. The system damping used is a constant critical damping ratio. Using a modal force and damping along with the FE model forced response amplitude can be directly computed at resonance crossings inside operating envelope. The modal force calculated this way can be compared to the force amplitude needed to reach the fatigue limit in a Haigh diagram. Using the Haigh diagram this way allows modes with localized high stresses, so-called hot spots, to be highlighted. Taking the ratio of the forces gives a ranking value that can be used to compare risk. Details of the technique along with example applications to compressor blades are presented in the paper. It is found that many mode crossings can be excluded as low risk this way and that a rational way of prioritizing is achieved.
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Acton, Michael R., Tim R. Baldwin, and Eric E. R. Jager. "Recent Developments in the Design and Application of the PIPESAFE Risk Assessment Package for Gas Transmission Pipelines." In 2002 4th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2002-27196.

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PIPESAFE is a hazard and risk assessment package for gas transmission pipelines, developed by Advantica for an international group of gas pipeline companies. Although the likelihood of failure of transmission pipelines is very low, the possibility of failure and a subsequent fire cannot be discounted. PIPESAFE provides the means to take consistent and informed decisions on risk issues, including infringements to pipeline design codes, uprating of pipelines (i.e. to operate at higher pressures), pipeline routeing and land use planning. The development of PIPESAFE was first reported at IPC ’98. This paper describes recent enhancements to the package, validation of the predictions against full-scale experiments and incidents, and modifications to the risk calculation methods. The paper also describes risk criteria developed in the UK and The Netherlands, the background to their development, and the use of PIPESAFE to generate risk criteria included in the latest edition of the UK pipeline code IGE/TD/1.
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Khan, Raja S. R., Javier Barreiro, Maria Chiara Lagana, Konstantinos G. Kyprianidis, Stephen O. T. Ogaji, Pericles Pilidis, and Ian Bennett. "An Assessment of the Emissions and Global Warming Potential of Gas Turbines for LNG Applications." In ASME Turbo Expo 2009: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2009-59184.

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This paper concentrates on the emissions module of what is part of a wider project dealing with various aspects of gas turbine usage as drivers for Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) production. The framework is known as TERA, a Techno-Economic and Environmental Risk Analysis, developed at Cranfield University with the core of the study being the performance module whilst the risk, economics and environmental modules are built around the performance. Whilst TERA exists for aviation and power production no such system is available for assessment of LNG production. With environmental issues high on the public agenda new legislation on emissions can be expected, especially in Europe. This will mean Oil & Gas companies will have to look for ways to reduce their emissions. One way to reduce turbo machinery losses is to replace out dated and/or obsolete machinery having less overall energy efficiency. The selection of turbomachinery involves assessments of risk, both economic and technical, as well as environmental impacts of the new technology. The core to all of this is the performance assessment, the primary basis on which selection is made. An aviation emissions model, developed at Cranfield University, is adapted for industrial applications. Technical performance calculations are made using the inhouse software called Turbomatch. Performance results for three typical days of the year (summer, winter and spring/autumn) are fed into the emissions model to get the levels of NOx, CO2, H2O, CO and unburnt hydrocarbon emissions. Later, NOx, CO2 and H2O emissions levels are fed into the environmental module to estimate the damage the engine causes to the environment over 100 years with respect to global warming. Two hypothetical engine configurations are investigated based on engine data available in the public domain. The first one, an 85MW single spool industrial machine (SSI-85), is used as the baseline to compare against a 100MW triple spool, intercooled aeroderivative (ITSA-100). The results suggest that the ITSA-100 produces more NOx but has less carbon emissions and consequently less global warming effects. This has varied economic impacts depending on which emission is a priority for reduction. CO2 and H2O emissions are more important than NOx for LNG gas turbine applications. The paper shows how this simple but effective system can be utilised to give a viable comparison between one or more proposed solutions for turbomachinery selection and replacement. The scope of the system is expanded as other modules come together to give a total assessment in terms of technical, economic, environmental and risk perspectives for LNG production.
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Goodfellow, Graham D., Jane V. Haswell, Neil W. Jackson, and Roger Ellis. "Revision to the UK Pipeline Quantitative Risk Assessment Guidelines IGEM/TD/2 and PD 8010-3." In 2014 10th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2014-33218.

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The United Kingdom Onshore Pipeline Operators Association (UKOPA) was formed by UK pipeline operators to provide a common forum for representing pipeline operators interests in the safe management of pipelines. This includes ensuring that UK pipeline codes include best practice, and that there is a common view in terms of compliance with these codes. Quantitative risk assessment (QRA) is used by operators in the UK to determine if individual and societal risk levels at new developments adjacent to existing pipelines are as low as reasonably practicable (ALARP). In 2008 the UKOPA Risk Assessment Working Group developed codified advice on the use of QRA applied to land use planning assessments, which was published by the Institution of Gas Engineers & Managers (IGEM) and the British Standards Institute (BSI). This advice was designed to ensure a standard and consistent approach, and reduce the potential for disagreement between stakeholders on the acceptability of proposed developments. Since publication of IGEM/TD/2 and PD8010-3 in 2008, feedback from users of the guidance together with new research work and additional discussions with the UK safety regulator, the Health & Safety Executive (HSE), have been undertaken and the codified advice has been revised and reissued in June 2013. This paper describes the revisions to the guidance given in these codes in relation to: • Clarification on application • Update of physical risk mitigation measures (slabbing and depth of cover) • Update of HSE approach to Land Use Planning • Update of failure frequency data: ○ Weibull damage distributions for external interference ○ Generic failure frequency curve for external interference ○ Prediction of failure frequency due to landsliding The revised codes, and their content, are considered to represent the current UK best practice in pipeline QRA.
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Feng, Wenxing, Xiaoqiang Xiang, Guangming Jia, Lianshuang Dai, Yulei Gu, Xiaozheng Yang, Qingshang Feng, and Lijian Zhou. "Applying the Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) to Improve Safety Management of Oil and Gas Pipeline Stations in China." In 2012 9th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2012-90130.

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The oil and gas pipeline companies in China are facing unprecedented opportunities and challenges because of China’s increasing demand for oil and gas energy that is attributed to rapid economic and social development. Limitation of land resource and the fast urbanization lead to a determinate result that many pipelines have to go through or be adjacent to highly populated areas such as cities or towns. The increasing Chinese government regulation, and public concerns about industrial safety and environmental protection push the pipeline companies to enhance the safety, health and environmental protection management. In recent years, PetroChina Pipeline Company (PPC) pays a lot of attention and effort to improve employees and public safety around the pipeline facilities. A comprehensive, integrated HSE management system is continuously improved and effectively implemented in PPC. PPC conducts hazard identification, risk assessment, risk control and mitigation, risk monitoring. For the oil and gas stations in highly populated area or with numerous employees, PPC carries out quantitative risk assessment (QRA) to evaluate and manage the population risk. To make the assessment, “Guidelines for quantitative risk assessments” (purple book) published by Committee for the Prevention of Disasters of Netherlands is used along with a software package. The basic principles, process, and methods of QRA technology are introduced in this article. The process is to identify the station hazards, determinate the failure scenarios of the facilities, estimate the possibilities of leakage failures, calculate the consequences of failures and damages to population, demonstrate the individual risk and social risk, and evaluate whether the risk is acceptable. The process may involve the mathematical modeling of fluid and gas spill, dispersion, fire and explosion. One QRA case in an oil pipeline station is described in this article to illustrate the application process and discuss several key issues in the assessment. Using QRA technique, about 20 stations have been evaluated in PPC. On the basis of the results, managers have taken prevention and mitigation plans to control the risk. QRAs in the pipeline station can provide a quantitative basis and valuable reference for the company’s decision-making and land use planning. Also, QRA can play a role to make a better relationship between the pipeline companies and the local regulator and public. Finally, this article delivers limitations of QRA in Chinese pipeline stations and discusses issues of the solutions.
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Pascovici, D. S., F. Colmenares, S. O. T. Ogaji, and P. Pilidis. "An Economic and Risk Analysis Model for Aircrafts and Engines." In ASME Turbo Expo 2007: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2007-27236.

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To conceive and assess engines with minimum global warming impact and lowest cost of ownership in a variety of emission legislation scenarios, emissions taxation policies, fiscal and Air Traffic Management environments, a Techno-economic and Environmental Risk Assessment model is needed. This paper presents an approach to estimate the cost of maintenance and the direct operating costs of turbofan engines of equivalent thrust rating, both for long and short range applications, as well as for typical long and short range aircraft. The economic model is composed of three modules: a lifing module, an economic module and a risk module. The lifing module estimates the life of the high pressure turbine disk and blades through the analysis of creep and fatigue over a full working cycle of the engine. The economic module uses the time between overhauls together with the cost of labour and the cost of the engine (needed to determine the cost of spare parts) to estimate the cost of maintenance of the engine. The risk module uses the Monte Carlo method with a Gaussian distribution to study the impact of the variations in some parameters on the net present cost (NPC) of operation. The accuracy of the economic model in DOC estimation is good (within about 15%) and so can be adapted for use in the cost analysis of future types of engines, such as ultra high bypass ratio turbofans, with little modifications. The equations that constitute the economic model are under a confidentiality agreement of the European project VITAL and can not be divulgated.
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Reports on the topic "Land application risk assessment"

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Struik, L. C., L. D. Pearce, F. Dercole, J. Shoubridge, S. van Zijll de Jong, J. D. Allan, N. L. Hastings, and J. J. Clague. Risk-based land-use guide: safe use of land based on hazard risk assessment. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/295981.

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Scott, Joe H., Matthew P. Thompson, and David E. Calkin. A wildfire risk assessment framework for land and resource management. Ft. Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/rmrs-gtr-315.

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Keese, D., and W. Barton. Risk assessment and its application to flight safety analysis. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5186600.

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Moore, David W., Todd S. Bridges, Carlos Ruiz, Jerome Cura, and Susan Kane. Environmental Risk Assessment and Dredged Material Management: Issues and Application. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada360840.

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Kelly, D. L., J. L. Auflick, and L. N. Haney. Assessment of ISLOCA risk-methodology and application to a combustion engineering plant. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10145659.

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Shaw, Charles G. Use of risk assessment panels during revision of the Tongass Land and Resource Management Plan. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/pnw-gtr-460.

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Sitek, M. A., and S. A. Lottes. CFD-DEM Onset of Motion Analysis for Application to Bed Scour Risk Assessment. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1372104.

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Kelly, D. L., J. L. Auflick, and L. N. Haney. Assessment of ISLOCA risk: Methodology and application to a Westinghouse four-loop ice condenser plant. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10143577.

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Smith, Peter, Ken Keppler, and David Van Veldhulzen. A Preliminary Study of the Application of Probabilistic Risk Assessment Techniques to High-Energy Laser Safety. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada399396.

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Fathauer, Paul M. Incorporating uncertainties into risk assessment with an application to the exploratory studies facilities at Yucca Mountain. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/505684.

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