Journal articles: 'Laminated fabrics'

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Mühlstädt, Mike, Wolfgang Seifert, Matthias ML Arras, Stefan Maenz, Klaus D. Jandt, and Jörg Bossert. "An advanced geometrical model for laminated woven fabrics using Lamé exponents with enhanced accuracy." Journal of Composite Materials 52, no. 11 (August 23, 2017): 1443–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998317725570.

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Three-dimensional stiffness tensors of laminated woven fabrics used in high-performance composites need precise prediction. To enhance the accuracy in three-dimensional stiffness tensor prediction, the fabric’s architecture must be precisely modeled. We tested the hypotheses that: (i) an advanced geometrical model describes the meso-level structure of different fabrics with a precision higher than established models, (ii) the deviation between predicted and experimentally determined mean fiber-volume fraction ( cf) of laminates is below 5%. Laminates of different cf and fabrics were manufactured by resin transfer molding. The laminates’ meso-level structure was determined by analyzing scanning electron microscopy images. The prediction of the laminates’ cf was improved by up to 5.1 vol% ([Formula: see text]%) compared to established models. The effect of the advanced geometrical model on the prediction of the laminate’s in-plane stiffness was shown by applying a simple mechanical model. Applying an advanced geometrical model may lead to more accurate simulations of parts for example in automotive and aircraft.

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Kim, Hyun-Ah. "Water Repellency/Proof/Vapor Permeability Characteristics of Coated and Laminated Breathable Fabrics for Outdoor Clothing." Coatings 12, no. 1 (December 23, 2021): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12010012.

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This study examined the water repellency (WR), waterproof, and water vapor permeability (WVP) characteristics of twelve types of laminated and coated woven fabrics for outdoor clothing. These characteristics were compared with the fabric structural parameters, such as cover factor, thickness, and weight, and surface modification (finishing) factors, such as coating, laminating, and Teflon treatments. In addition, an eco-friendly process for surface modification was proposed followed by a summary. Superior waterproof-breathable characteristics with 100% water-repellency were achieved in specimen 3 in group A by treatment with a hydrophilic laminated finish using nylon woven fabric with a cover factor between 0.7 and 0.9 in a 2.5-layered fabric, which was the best specimen with waterproof-breathable characteristics. A high WVP in the coated and laminated fabrics was observed in the fabrics with a low weave density coefficient (WDC) and low thickness per unit weight of the fabric, whereas superior water repellency and waterproof characteristics were observed in the high-cover-factor (WDC) fabric with appropriate fabric thickness. The determination coefficient (R2) from regression analysis between the WVP and fabric structural parameters indicated a higher contribution of the fabric structural parameters than surface modification factors, such as coating and laminating to the WVP in the coated and laminated fabrics. Furthermore, the cover factor was the most important factor influencing the WVP of the waterproof-breathable fabrics. Of twelve coated and laminated fabrics, the laminated nylon and nylon/cotton composite fabrics showed superior WVP with high WR and waterproof characteristics. Accordingly, based on the WR, waterproof, and WVP characteristics of the coated and laminated breathable fabrics, the laminating method, as an eco-friendly process, is recommended to obtain better waterproof-breathable fabrics.

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Huang, Zheng-Ming, X. C. Teng, and S. Ramakrishna. "Progressive Failure Analysis of Laminated Knitted Fabric Composites Under 3-Point Bending." Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials 14, no. 6 (November 2001): 499–522. http://dx.doi.org/10.1106/uw1g-83l2-91w9-g47y.

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The bending behavior of laminated beams reinforced with differently arranged plain-weft knitted fabrics has been investigated in this paper. Experiments were carried out to measure the bending stiffness and strength of six layers knitted fabric rein-forced epoxy composite laminates under 3-point bending. The laminate lay-ups of [0/0/0/0/0/0], [90/90/90/90/90/90] and [0/-45/45/45/-45/0] have been taken into account, where 0 denotes that the fabric wale direction is arranged along the beam axial direction. A simulation procedure is presented to analyze the bending property of the laminated beams based on the bridging micromechanics model and the classical lamination theory. It has been found that the use of a stress failure criterion only is no longer enough for estimating the ultimate bending strength of the laminate. An additional critical deflection condition is also required. By using only the constituent properties, which were measured using bulk material specimens independently, and the fabric knitting and lay-up parameters, the predicted stiffness and strength agree favorably with the experimental data.

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Kim, Hyun-Ah. "Moisture Vapor Resistance of Coated and Laminated Breathable Fabrics Using Evaporative Wet Heat Transfer Method." Coatings 11, no. 10 (September 26, 2021): 1157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11101157.

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This study examined the effects of the fiber materials, fabric structural parameters, and surface modification method on the moisture vapor resistance of coated and laminated fabrics according to the measuring method in comparison with evaporative wet heat transfer method. The moisture vapor resistance (Ref) of the coated and laminated fabrics measured using evaporative wet heat transfer method was much more precise than water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) and water vapor permeability (WVP) measured using American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) and Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS) methods. The correlation coefficient between Ref and WVTR in the laminated and coated polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fabric specimens was the highest, i.e., −0.833, and −0.715, in coated fabric specimens. Hence, selecting an appropriate measuring method according to the fabric materials and surface modification method is very critical. According to curvilinear regression analysis, the influential factor affecting breathability of the PET fabric specimens measured using evaporative wet heat transfer method was fabric weight (R2 = 0.847) and fabric thickness (R2 = 0.872) in the laminated fabric specimens. Meanwhile, as per multiple linear regression, the most influential fabric structural parameters affecting the breathability of laminated fabric specimens measured using evaporative wet heat transfer method were the fabric density, weight/thickness, and weight followed by the fabric thickness (R2 = 0.943). These results would be valid for laminated breathable fabrics with characteristics within the range of this study and are of practical use for engineering laminated fabrics with high breathability.

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Chen, Pei Wei, Yu Ling Li, and Xu Wei Chen. "The Study of Bursting Property of Tetr-Axial Fabric." Advanced Materials Research 627 (December 2012): 130–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.627.130.

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By weaving four sets of yarn ends at 45° angles, formed a “米” sharp in the interlacing point, a tetr-axial Fabric is fabricated. Because of the existence of the bias yarns, the tetr-axial fabric has the similar tensile property in almost all directions of fabric plane, excellent impact resistance, good stability of fabric structure, and so on. This paper, the bursting property and thicknesses of tetr-axial fabric, laminated quadri-directional fabric and conventional woven fabrics are compared, with which they have the same areal density. The results showed that, the thickness of tetr-axial fabric is more than conventional woven fabrics and less than that of laminated quadri-directional fabric; the bursting property is obviously better than that of laminated quadri-directional fabric and conventional woven fabrics.

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Takatera, Masayuki, Ken Ishizawa, and KyoungOk Kim. "Prediction of creep behavior of laminated woven fabric with adhesive interlining under low stress in the bias direction." Textile Research Journal 87, no. 3 (July 22, 2016): 285–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517516629144.

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The effect of adhesive interlining on the creep behavior of a woven fabric in the bias direction was investigated. Three-element viscoelastic models were used to approximate the creep behavior of a face fabric and adhesive interlining. The creep model of a laminated fabric comprised a six-element model in which two three-element models are connected in parallel with the three-element model. Creep tests were carried out using face fabrics, adhesive interlinings, and their laminated fabrics without and with bonding adhesive interlining by hanging samples in the 45° bias direction under their own weight for 7 days. Creep strains of face fabrics bonded with adhesive interlining were found to be weaker than those of the face fabrics. The creep behavior for the face and interlining fabrics could be approximated using the three-element viscoelastic model with appropriate parameters. The experimental creep behavior of a laminated fabric without bonding was similar to the theoretical behavior. However, the experimental creep of laminated fabrics with bonding interlining was less than the calculated creep, owing to the increase in stiffness due to the adhesive. By revising the six-element model with the strains just after hanging and for 2 days, it was possible to predict the creep strain over 7 days.

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Kan, Chi Wai, Clare Man Ching Ko, Kittisak Ariyakuare, Wasana Changmuong, and Rattanaphol Mongkholrattanasit. "Study on Air Permeability and Warmth Retention Ability of Polyurethane Foam Plying with Fabrics." Applied Mechanics and Materials 866 (June 2017): 233–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.866.233.

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In this study, we evaluated warmth retention ability of polyurethane foam (non-laminated and laminated) plying with fabrics. The warmth retention ratio, measured by KES-F7, was used for expressing the thermal property of plied samples. Experimental results revealed that the warmth retention ratio of samples that were plied with fabrics were higher than the foams in plain (i.e. without plying with fabric). For non-laminated foams, the fabrics had generally increased the warmth retention ratio by 10%. For laminated foams, the increase was about 4 to 5% in the warm retention ratio. By comparing the warmth retention ratio between the non-laminated foams and laminated foams, laminated foams have higher heat retention power. Being a close-to-skin garment, the air permeability is an important factor to determine their usage. Thus, we examined the air permeability of the different samples and the results were discussed properly.

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Wei, Sai Nan, Qian Li, Ji Ming Yao, Rui Fang Cui, and Tian Sun. "Optimum Design of Flexible Microwave Absorption Fabrics." Advanced Materials Research 960-961 (June 2014): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.960-961.39.

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In order to develop flexible absorption fabric and study the effects of specifications on absorption properties, two-layer laminated fabrics were designed according to thickness matching and impedance matching. Stainless steel core-spun yarn fabrics were used as first layer which easily realized matching to the free space, Ni-Fe fiber consisted of second layer because its strong dielectric loss and magnetic loss. The reflectivity of fabrics were measured by the means of "arch testing method" in the range from 2~18 GHz. The results showed that the reflectivities of laminated fabrics can below-20 dB and the bandwidth <-10dB can reach 3.88 GHz with the change of fabric specifications.

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Lin, Yan Yu, Mei-Chen Lin, Ching-Wen Lou, Yueh-Sheng Chen, and Jia-Horng Lin. "Thermoplastic Laminated Composites Applied to Impact Resistant Protective Gear: Structural Design and Development." Polymers 15, no. 2 (January 6, 2023): 292. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15020292.

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Laminated composites have been commonly applied to all fields. When made into laminated composites, Kevlar woven fabrics are able to provide the required functions. In this study, two types of TPU are incorporated to improve the intralayer features of Kevlar/TPU laminated composites. Hence, the Kevlar/TPU laminated composites consist of firmly bonded laminates while retaining flexibility of the fabrics. Being the interlayer of the laminated composites, the TPU layer provides adhesion while strengthening the tensile property, dynamic puncture resistance, and buffer strength of Kevlar/TPU laminated composites. The test results indicate that with a blending ratio of two types of TRU being 85/15 wt%, the Kevlar/TPU laminated composites exhibit a tensile strength of 18.08 MPa. When the stacking thickness is 1 mm, the tensile strength is improved to 357.73 N with the buffering strength reaching 4224.40 N. Notably, with a thickness being 1.2 mm, the laminated composites demonstrate a dynamic resistance being 672.15 N. In the meanwhile, functional Kevlar fabrics are allowed to keep the fiber morphology owing to the protection of TPU composite films. Considering the composition of protective gear, Kevlar/TPU laminated composites possess a powerful potential and are worthwhile exploring.

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Hasan, K. M. Faridul, Péter György Horváth, and Tibor Alpár. "Potential fabric-reinforced composites: a comprehensive review." Journal of Materials Science 56, no. 26 (May 26, 2021): 14381–415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10853-021-06177-6.

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AbstractFabric-based laminated composites are used considerably for multifaceted applications in the automotive, transportation, defense, and structural construction sectors. The fabrics used for composite materials production possess some outstanding features including being lighter weight, higher strength, and lower cost, which helps explain the rising interest in these fabrics among researchers. However, the fabrics used for laminations are of different types such as knit, woven, and nonwoven. Compared to knitted and nonwoven fabrics, woven fabrics are widely used reinforcement materials. Composites made from fabric depend on different properties such as fiber types, origin, compositions, and polymeric matrixes. Finite element analysis is also further facilitating the efficient prediction of final composite properties. As the fabric materials are widely available throughout the world, the production of laminated composites from different fabric is also feasible and cost-effective. This review discusses the fabrication, thermo-mechanical, and morphological performances of different woven, knit, and nonwoven fabric-based composites.

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Kolyada, Lyudmila G., Elena V. Tarasyuk, and Anton P. Ponomarev. "The Research of Service Characteristics of Up-to-Date Packaging Material for Metal Products." Materials Science Forum 989 (May 2020): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.989.16.

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Every year corrosion of metals leads to huge losses. Solving this problem is a very important task. The use of packaging materials with corrosion inhibitors is an innovative method to protect metal products from corrosion during transportation and storage. Polypropylene laminated fabrics have a number of advantages: durability, increased mechanical strength, they don’t rot, they are easy to be welded and sewed together, they are proof against water. Barrier and mechanical properties of polypropylene laminated fabric with and without volatile corrosion inhibitor are investigated in this research. The protective ability of polypropylene laminated fabrics for zinc-coated wire has been evaluated. It was found that polypropylene laminated fabric with corrosion inhibitor has higher mechanical properties and better protective ability against corrosion.

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Dabiryan, Hadi, Mona Jesri, Hamid Reza Ovesy, and Zinat Sadat Mazloomi. "Numerical and experimental study of buckling behavior of delaminated plate in glass woven fabric composite laminates." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 17 (January 2022): 155892502210912. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15589250221091268.

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In the present study, the buckling behavior of delaminated plate in woven fabric composite laminates was studied. For this purpose, at first, the structure of woven fabrics was defined as shape functions. Then, the continuous analysis was used to study the bucking of delaminated plates. Based on the Rayleigh–Ritz method, the related formulations were developed to predict the critical buckling load of composite laminates. Three types of woven fabrics (viz. Plain, Twill, and Satin architecture) were used as reinforcements for polyester composites. The 8-ply laminated composites were fabricated using Vacuum Infusion Process (VIP). The results of buckling test showed that the critical buckling loads of laminates reinforced with Plain, Twill, and Satin woven fabrics are 1.35, 1.12, and 1.48 kN, respectively. Also, the results of analytical method are compared with experimental results and those achieved by the finite element method of analysis using ABAQUS software. Compared with experimental results, the maximum error of analytical and FE models is about 17% and 10%, respectively.

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Qiu, Li, Xiao-Dong Chen, Rui Wang, and De-Peng Wang. "Macro fluid analysis of laminated fabric permeability." Thermal Science 20, no. 3 (2016): 835–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci1603835q.

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A porous jump model is put forward to predict the breathability of laminated fabrics by utilizing fluent software. To simplify the parameter setting process, the methods of determining the parameters of jump porous model by means of fabric layers are studied. Also, effects of single/multi-layer fabrics and thickness on breathability are analyzed, indicating that fabric breathability reduces with the increase of layers. Multi-layer fabric is simplified into a single layer, and the fabric permeability is calculated by proportion. Moreover, the change curve of fabric layer and face permeability, as well as the equation between the fabric layer and the face permeability are obtained. Then, face permeability and pressure-jump coefficient parameters setting of porous jump model could be integrated into single parameter (i. e. fabric layers), which simplifies the fluent operation process and realizes the prediction of laminated fabric permeability.

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Li, Qian, Sai Nan Wei, and Ji Ming Yao. "The Exploration of Nickel Iron Fiber Absorbing Fabric." Advanced Materials Research 941-944 (June 2014): 1321–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.941-944.1321.

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In order to develop flexible absorbing fabric, three kinds of 58.3tex Ni-Fe fiber blended yarn which Ni-Fe fiber content was 8.34%, 11.11% and 13.89% were spun successfully and fabricated to different kinds of fabrics according to mental fiber property and electromagnetic spreading regulation. The reflectivity of fabrics were measured by the means of "arch testing method" in the range of 2-18 GHz with the change of fabric specifications. The results showed that the reflectivity of laminated fabrics were better than designed knitted fabrics and woven fabrics, revealed that the nickel iron fiber content and fabric specifications had significant effects on absorbing property.

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Wei, Qingsong, Bohong Gu, and Baozhong Sun. "Ballistic penetration damages and energy absorptions of stacked cross-plied composite fabrics and laminated panels." International Journal of Damage Mechanics 29, no. 9 (May 25, 2020): 1465–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1056789520927074.

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Flexible fabrics have been widely used in body armor designs. Here we report ballistic impact damage of stacked cross-plied composite fabric and cross-plied laminated panels. The ballistic impact behaviors of stacked cross-plied composite fabric and cross-plied laminated panel have been tested with fragment-simulating projectiles under the strike velocity 550–600 m/s to explore the influence of the layers combination of fabric target on ballistic impact. Two types of macroscopic anisotropy continua finite element models based on fabric targets structures are established to analyze the ballistic mechanism of stacked cross-plied composite fabric and cross-plied laminated panels. The impact damage morphologies and energy absorptions have also been compared between the tests and finite element analysis results. We have found the stacked fabric construction absorbed more energy than their counterpart cross-plied laminated panel, while the laminated panel shows better structural integrity and stability during ballistic penetration.

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Yang, Yingxue, Xiuqin Zhang, Xiaogang Chen, and Shengnan Min. "Numerical Study on the Effect of Z-Warps on the Ballistic Responses of Para-Aramid 3D Angle-Interlock Fabrics." Materials 14, no. 3 (January 20, 2021): 479. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14030479.

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In order to achieve an efficient ballistic protection at a low weight, it is necessary to deeply explore the energy absorption mechanisms of ballistic fabric structures. In this paper, finite element (FE) yarn-level models of the designed three-dimensional (3D) angle-interlock (AI) woven fabrics and the laminated two-dimensional (2D) plain fabrics are established. The ballistic impact responses of fabric panels with and without the interlocking Z-warp yarns during the projectile penetration are evaluated in terms of their energy absorption, deformation, and stress distribution. The Z-warps in the 3D fabrics bind different layers of wefts together and provide the panel with structural support along through-the-thickness direction. The results show that the specific energy absorption (SEA) of 3D fabrics is up to 88.1% higher than that of the 2D fabrics. The 3D fabrics has a wider range of in-plane stress dispersion, which demonstrates its structural advantages in dispersing impact stress and getting more secondary yarns involved in energy absorption. However, there is a serious local stress concentration in 2D plain woven fabrics near the impact location. The absence of Z-warps between the layers of 2D laminated fabrics leads to a premature layer by layer failure. The findings are indicative for the future design of ballistic amors.

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Kan, Chi Wai, Clare Man Ching Ko, Kornchanok Boontorn, and Rattanaphol Mongkholrattanasit. "Wetting Time Measurement of Fabric-Foam-Fabric Plied Material." Applied Mechanics and Materials 866 (June 2017): 220–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.866.220.

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The wetting time of fabric-foam-fabric plied materials was measured in this study. The fabric-foam-fabric plied materials were prepared by plying polyurethane foams (non-laminated and laminated) with different fabrics. The plied material would be proposed for making intimate apparel which is a kind of close-to-skin garment. Thus, the wetting ability of the material would affect the comfort behaviour. Therefore, we reported the wetting time values of different plied samples and the results were discussed properly.

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Kan, Chi Wai, Clare Man Ching Ko, Phichitphol Jaroensappayanant, Manat Pangsai, and Rattanaphol Mongkholrattanasit. "Absorption Rate Evaluation of Fabric-Foam-Fabric Plied Material." Materials Science Forum 932 (September 2018): 97–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.932.97.

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The absorption rate of fabric-foam-fabric plied materials for making intimate apparel was measured in this study. The fabric-foam-fabric plied materials were prepared by plying polyurethane foams (non-laminated and laminated) with different fabrics. The plied material is intended to be used in close-to-skin garment. Thus, the water absorption behaviour of the material would affect its comfort property. Therefore, we reported the absorption rate values of different plied samples and the results were discussed properly.

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Fang, Li, Xuwu Li, and Xiaodong Zhou. "The effect of fiber-reinforced interleaves on the interlaminar shear strength of continuous glass fiber-reinforced polypropylene laminates." Journal of Polymer Engineering 33, no. 3 (May 1, 2013): 221–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2012-0171.

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Abstract In this article, polypropylene (PP), short glass fiber-reinforced polypropylene (SFT-PP), and direct long glass fiber-reinforced polypropylene (DLFT-PP) interleaves were added as interleaves between fabrics during laminated molding to improve the interlaminar shear strength (ILSS). The test results showed that the ILSS was obviously improved. Furthermore, DLFT-PP interleaves were preheated to melt the PP before laminated molding and were then immediately placed between two fabrics to make the melted PP enter the gaps of the fabric and more fibers were used to further improve the ILSS. As expected, the ILSS increased.

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Álvaro, Jose Javier, Mónica Sánchez-Román, Klaas G. J. Nierop, and Francien Peterse. "Multiscale Microbial Preservation and Biogeochemical Signals in a Modern Hot-Spring Siliceous Sinter Rich in CO2 Emissions, Krýsuvík Geothermal Field, Iceland." Minerals 11, no. 3 (March 4, 2021): 263. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11030263.

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The microbial communities inferred in silica sinter rocks, based on multiscale morphological features (fabrics and textures) and the presence of lipid biomarkers and their carbon isotopic composition, are evaluated in the Krýsuvík geothermal area of Iceland. Close to vent environments (T > 75 °C and pH 1.7‒3), stream floors are capped with homogeneous vitreous crusts and breccia levels, with no distinct recognizable silicified microbes. About 4 m far from the vents (T 75‒60 °C and pH 3‒6) and beyond (T < 60 °C and pH 6‒7.6), microbial sinters, including wavy and palisade laminated and bubble fabrics, differ between abandoned meanders and desiccated ponds. Fabric and texture variances are related to changes in the ratio of filament/coccoid silicified microbes and associated porosity. Coatings of epicellular silica, less than 2 µm thick, favor identification of individual microbial filaments, whereas coalescence of opal spheres into agglomerates precludes recognition of original microbial textures and silicified microbes. Episodic fluctuations in the physico-chemical conditions of surface waters controlled the acidic hydrolysis of biomarkers. Wavy laminated fabrics from pond margins comprise fatty acids, mono- and dialkyl glycerol, mono- and diethers, monoalkyl glycerol esters and small traces of 10-methyl branched C16 and C18 fatty acids and archaeol, indicative of intergrowths of cyanobacteria, Aquificales, and sulfate reducing bacteria and methanogenic archaea. In contrast, wavy laminated fabrics from abandoned meanders and palisade laminated fabrics from ponds differ in their branched fatty acids and the presence vs. absence of bacteriohopanetetrol, reflecting different cyanobacterial contributions. δ13C values of biomarkers range from −22.7 to −32.9‰, but their values in the wavy (pond) and bubble fabrics have much wider ranges than those of the wavy (meander), palisade, and vitreous fabrics, reflecting dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) sources and a decrease in 13C downstream outflow channels, with heavier values closer to vents and depleted values in ponds.

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Kan, Chi Wai, Clare Man Ching Ko, Somchai Udon, Siriorn Wanitchottayanont, Manat Pangsai, and Rattanaphol Mongkholrattanasit. "Characteristics of Fabric-Foam-Fabric Plied Material: Water Transport Capability." Key Engineering Materials 777 (August 2018): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.777.13.

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During using of textile materials, such as intimate apparel, which is in close contact with skin, the water transport capability is very important to avoid any uncomfortable feeling to the users. The water transport capability of fabric-foam-fabric plied materials were evaluated in this study. The plied material is intended to be used in intimate apparel. The fabric-foam-fabric plied materials were prepared by plying polyurethane foams (non-laminated and laminated) with different fabrics. Therefore, we reported the water transport capability values of different plied samples and the results were discussed properly.

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Huang, Zheng-Ming, X. C. Teng, and S. Ramakrishna. "Fatigue Behaviour of Multilayer Braided Fabric Reinforced Laminates." Polymers and Polymer Composites 13, no. 1 (January 2005): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096739110501300106.

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In this paper, the fatigue behaviour of the laminated composites made from an epoxy matrix and four layers of flat regular braided carbon fiber fabrics of different braiding angles was investigated experimentally. Three laminate lay-ups were used. They are: [100/100/100/100], [280/100/100/280], and [280/280/280/280], where 100 within the bracket indicates that the single layer braid lamina had a braiding angle of 100 inclined with the longitudinal (loading) direction. The static tensile and tension-tension fatigue tests were conducted for those laminates, and detailed fatigue data are reported in the paper. Failure mechanisms of the tested laminates were also characterized. The stiffnesses and strengths (including static tensile and fatigue strengths) of the [100/100/100/100], [280/100/100/280], and [280/280/280/280] laminates were the highest, intermediate, and the lowest respectively. However, different failure mechanisms were recognized. It was found that under the uniaxial tensile or a high-level fatigue load, the [280/280/280/280] laminate failed catastrophically as a result of fiber breakage nearly across the cross section of the specimen. Delamination was seen only when a low-level fatigue load was applied to the laminate. In the case of the [100/100/100/100] laminate, a laminate longitudinal splitting was the main failure mode. No delamination accompanied the laminate failure. For the [280/100/100/280] laminate, significant delamination was found with any applied load (whether static or tensile fatigue of any load level). Splitting, both across the cross-sectional breakage and longitudinal, were involved in the failure of this combined laminate. These findings provide a useful insight into understanding the fatigue behaviour of braided fabric reinforced laminates.

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Korab, M. G., M. V. Iurzhenko, A. V. Vashchuk, and M. G. Menzheres. "Mechanized welding of laminated PVC fabrics with hot air." Paton Welding Journal 2020, no. 10 (October 28, 2020): 40–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.37434/tpwj2020.10.08.

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Kan, Chi Wai, Clare Man Ching Ko, Kongkiat Maha-In, Kasem Manarungwit, Chamlong Sarikanon, Pojana Numahun, and Rattanaphol Mongkholrattanasit. "Mechanical Study of Fabric-Foam Plied Material." Applied Mechanics and Materials 866 (June 2017): 224–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.866.224.

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Fabric-foam samples were prepared by plying polyurethane foams (non-laminated and laminated) with different fabrics in this study. The fabric-foam plied samples were intended to be used for intimate apparel which is a kind of close-to-skin garment. The comfort requirement of intimate apparel is highly concerned and smoothness, softness, stiffness and drape are the consideration factors. Therefore, we evaluated the mechanical properties of smoothness, softness, stiffness and drape of the different plied samples and the results were discussed properly.

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Wang, Xue, Lulu Chang, Xiaolong Shi, and Lihai Wang. "Effect of Hot-Alkali Treatment on the Structure Composition of Jute Fabrics and Mechanical Properties of Laminated Composites." Materials 12, no. 9 (April 29, 2019): 1386. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12091386.

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In this study, jute fabrics/epoxy-laminated composites were fabricated via a simple and effective manual layering. Hot-alkali treatment was used to pretreat jute fabrics to improve their interfacial compatibility. The effects of hot-alkali treatment with five concentrations (2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and 10%) on the composition, crystallinity and surface morphology of jute fibers, were analyzed with the aids of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), and the scanning electron microscope (SEM). The mechanical properties (tensile and flexural) of laminated composites, and the morphology of the tensile fracture surface, were analyzed. The results indicated that the crystallinity index (CI) and crystallite size (CS) of the cellulose in jute fibers were improved, and there were three stages for CI and CS with the increase of alkali concentrations. Hot-alkali treatment improved the mechanical properties of laminated composites, especially for the 6% NaOH-treated jute fabric reinforced. The tensile strength, flexural strength, tensile modulus and flexural modulus of 6% NaOH-treated fabrics reinforced composites were enhanced by 37.5%, 72.3%, 23.2% and 72.2%, respectively, as compared with those of untreated fabrics reinforced composites. The fiber pull-out and the gaps of the tensile fracture surface were reduced after hot-alkali treatment.

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Frydrych, Iwona, Pavla Tesinova, Lubos Hes, and Veerakumar Arumugam. "Hydrostatic Resistance and Mechanical Behaviours of Breathable Layered Waterproof Fabrics." Fibres and Textiles in Eastern Europe 26, no. 1(127) (February 28, 2018): 108–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.7805.

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Breathable layered waterproof fabrics have good applications in the fields of sportswear, protective clothing and construction industries. The properties of these fabrics in allowing water vapour to pass through while preventing liquid water from entering have made them unique. The mechanical properties of these fabrics are also very important for the satisfaction of the wearers. The layered constructions of these fabrics with different characteristic properties contribute to the influence on their hydrostatic resistance, mechanical properties and water vapour permeability. This study presents an experiment on eight different types of hydrophobic and hydrophilic membrane laminated layered fabrics used as sportswear during hot or cold weather. The hydrostatic resistance, tensile strength, stiffness and water vapour permeability of these fabrics were evaluated by varying different fabric parameters in the experiment. It was found from the test results that the fabric density, thickness and weight as well as types of membranes and layers have a significant effect on those properties of the layered fabrics.

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Kan, Chi Wai, Clare Man Ching Ko, Nongnut Sasithorn, and Rattanaphol Mongkholrattanasit. "Liquid Spreading Speed Measurement of Fabric-Foam-Fabric Plied Material." Key Engineering Materials 772 (July 2018): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.772.3.

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During sweating, textile materials would absorption water and then spread. The liquid spreading speed in the textile material would affect the comfort property. In this study, the liquid spreading speed of fabric-foam-fabric plied materials were studied. The plied material is intended to be used in close-to-skin garment such as intimate apparel. Thus, the liquid spreading speed of the material would affect its comfort property. The fabric-foam-fabric plied materials were prepared by plying polyurethane foams (non-laminated and laminated) with different fabrics. Therefore, we reported the liquid spreading speed values of different plied samples and the results were discussed properly.

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Razzaque, Abdur, Pavla Tesinova, and Lubos Hes. "Enhancement of Hydrostatic Resistance and Mechanical Performance of Waterproof Breathable Laminated Fabrics." Autex Research Journal 19, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 44–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aut-2018-0015.

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Abstract Waterproof breathable laminated fabrics have the special property that permits water vapour to pass through but protects by preventing the entrance of liquid water. Different characteristic properties of the layered constructions of these fabrics have good influence on their hydrostatic resistance and mechanical performance. This research study presents an experiment to enhance the hydrostatic resistance and tensile strength of four different types of hydrophobic membrane laminated waterproof fabrics by considering their breathability as well. For this purpose, water repellent coating based on C6-fluorocarbon resin along with polysiloxane hydrophobic softening agent was applied on these four different types of laminated fabrics using pad-dry-cure method. The coated fabrics were characterised by performing different experiments to evaluate the effect of coating on their hydrostatic resistance and mechanical property as well as on water vapour permeability and air permeability. From the test results and analysis of variance (ANOVA), it was found that hydrostatic resistance and tensile strength of the laminated fabrics were enhanced after coating along with proper water repellent property, whereas there were no significant changes in their water vapour permeability and air permeability.

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Kasım, Hasan, and Murat Yazıcı. "Electrical Properties of Graphene / Natural Rubber Nanocomposites Coated Nylon 6.6 Fabric under Cyclic Loading." Periodica Polytechnica Chemical Engineering 63, no. 1 (June 18, 2018): 160–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppch.12122.

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In the present study, an elastomeric nanocomposite was prepared by two roller mixing mill with the Natural Rubber (NR) and Nano Graphene Platelets (NGP). The Nylon 6.6 cord fabrics were laminated with the prepared NR/NGP nanocomposite layers. The NR/NGP composites and Nylon 6.6 cord fabric laminated nanocomposite plates were cured at 165 °C for 10 min under pressure. Nylon 6.6 fabric reinforced NR/NGP nanocomposites were electrically characterized under free and cyclic loading conditions. NGP addition to NR improved the electrical conductivity. Under cyclic loading produced nanocomposite and cord fabric layered plates showed periodical sensing behavior with same amplitude in each period.

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30

Lin, Jia Horng, Ting An Lin, An Pang Chen, and Ching Wen Lou. "Electromagnetic Shielding Effectiveness of Physical Property PET/Stainless Steel Composite Fabrics." Advanced Materials Research 910 (March 2014): 210–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.910.210.

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The electronic appliance is capable of emitting electromagnetic waves that will cause the damage of electrical equipment and influence peoples health. In this study, stain steel filament (SS filament) and 75D PET filament were used to manufacture SS/PET composite yarn The SS/PET composite yarn were made by the wrapping machine, which the core yarn is stain steel filament, wrapped yarn is 75D PET filament and the wrapping layers is varied as one and two. After that, the composite yarn is fabricated by the automatic sampling loom into composite woven fabrics. The composite SS/PET woven fabrics were under the tests of electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (EMSE) and air permeability. The test results revealed that the EMSE of the one-layer composite woven fabric is 9.5 dB at 900 MHz, but the EMSE decreases as test frequency increases. When laminating layer added to three layers, the EMSE raise up to 12.6 dB. The EMSE of composite woven fabric reached at 29.9 when the laminated angle is 45°. And the air permeability decreases as the laminate layer increases, which the thickness of sample affect air to pass through the sample.

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31

Lou, Ching Wen, Yi Chang Yang, Chin Mei Lin, Ching Wen Lin, Lin Chao Chen, and Jia Horng Lin. "The Influence of Fabric Structures of the Woven Fabrics on Electromagnetic Shielding Effectiveness." Advanced Materials Research 239-242 (May 2011): 1994–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.239-242.1994.

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Stainless steel (SS) blended yarns with electromagnetic interference (EMI) were made into woven fabrics, after which the fabrics were evaluated with electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (EMSE). Parameters of laminated angle and the lamination number layers affected the fabrics’ EMSE differently. In addition, density of unidirectional SS yarns affected EMSE in frequency range of 200 to 500 MHz , so as the density of cross SS yarns on a frequency over 1000 MHz.

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32

Lou, Ching Wen, Chia Chang Lin, Wen Hao Hsing, Chao Chiung Huang, Yen Min Chien, and Jia Horng Lin. "Processing Technique and Property Evaluation of Stab-Resistant Composite Fabrics." Advanced Materials Research 239-242 (May 2011): 683–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.239-242.683.

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In this research, the nonwoven fabrics were made of 50 % high-tenacity polyester fiber and 50 % low melting polyester fiber, after which the nonwoven fabrics were thermal-treated at 110 °C, 120 °C, 130 °C, 140 °C and 150 °C for 1 min, 2 min, 3 min, 4 min and 5 min. Next, two layers of nonwoven fabrics were laminated with a layer glass (GF) fiber plain fabric or a layer of Nylon 66 grid, forming the sandwich structure. The nonwoven/ GF composite fabrics and the nonwoven/ Nylon 66 grid composite fabrics were also reinforced by needle-punching and thermal treatment, after which the two composite fabrics were measured with tensile strength and stab-resistant strength. Meanwhile, two layers of nonwoven fabrics needle-punched served as the control group. According to the results, Nylon 66 grid and glass fibers plain fabrics were both good at strengthening, the former reinforced the tensile strength of the composite fabrics and the later heightened the stab-resistant strength of the composite fabrics.

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33

Huang, C. I., C. I. Su, Ching Wen Lou, Wen Hao Hsing, and Jia Horng Lin. "Manufacturing Process and Property Evaluation of Functional Composite Yarn-Dyed Woven Fabrics Made from Bamboo Charcoal/Stainless Steel and TPU." Advanced Materials Research 55-57 (August 2008): 413–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.55-57.413.

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Recently, development of technology increases human life quality and gradually raises the value of health protection in human’s concept. Bamboo has multi-functional including far infrared radiation, deodorization and anion generation. Therefore, bamboo charcoal has been widely used in textile industry. Moreover, development of technology also increased the electromagnetic hazard in human’s daily life. This study aims to develop a manufacturing process of functional composite yarn-dyed woven fabrics. In the manufacturing process, the materials included pure cotton yarn, stainless steel fiber(called metallic yarn) and viscose rayon yarn containing bamboo charcoal (called bamboo charcoal yarn) were used for making the bamboo charcoal/stainless steel composite woven fabric. The composite woven fabrics were woven by using same warp yarn and two kinds of weft yarn that contained bamboo charcoal and stainless steel. The composite fabrics had two different structures. Those fabrics were changed the order of bamboo charcoal yarn and metallic yarn. The ratios of weft yarn were 1 end of bamboo charcoal yarn to 1 end of metallic yarn and 3 ends of bamboo charcoal yarn to 1 end of metallic yarn. Furthermore, the fabrication of composite fabrics that included plain, 2/2 twill and dobby were changed. The composite woven fabrics were finished and laminated by TPU film to enhance the waterproof and vapor permeable functions. The laminated composite fabrics were evaluated by far-infrared coefficient, anion generation rate, water vapor permeability, water resistance, surface electric resistance and electromagnetic shelter property to obtained optimal manufacturing process.

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34

Wang, Dong Ning, Jia Lu Li, and Ya Nan Jiao. "Stab Resistance of Thermoset-Impregnated UHMWPE Fabrics." Advanced Materials Research 139-141 (October 2010): 133–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.139-141.133.

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The stab resistance of thermoset(TS) impregnated, woven UHMWPE fabric with additional steel fabrics was investigated under dynamic stab testing conditions. Vinyl-ester resin was coated on the UHMWPE fabrics with hand lay-up process to fabricate the composite and the mental fabrics were laminated on the composites. Dynamic stab testing of targets was based on GA68-2008 for stab resistance of body armor. Six uniform specified knives impactor were used for testing. And the samples are found to present significant improvements in stab resistance (knife threat) over neat fabric targets of equal areal density. Photographs show that resin primarily reduces the mobility of yarns and enables them to stop the knife penetration more effectively in the damage zone. These results indicate that the penetration of knives through such multilayer fabrics is effectively prevented and the process could be used to fabricate flexible body armors that provide improved protection against stab threat.

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35

Kan, Chi Wai, Clare Man Ching Ko, Nattadon Rungruangkitkrai, Nattaya Vuthiganond, and Rattanaphol Mongkholrattanasit. "Examining the Overall Moisture Management Capability of Fabric-Foam-Fabric Plied Material." Solid State Phenomena 279 (August 2018): 109–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.279.109.

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Moisture management is an important behaviour during engineering of textile material. In case of intimate apparel (which is in close contact with skin), its moisture management property would affect the comfort behaviour during use. Fabric-foam-fabric plied materials are commonly used materials for making intimate apparel. In this study, we prepared different fabric-foam-fabric plied materials by plying polyurethane foams (non-laminated and laminated) with different fabrics. Their performance on absorption rate, accumulative one-way transport capability and spreading speed had been measured objectively in previous works using instrument (moisture management tester) according to AATCC Test Method 195. Based on the data, we can calculate the overall moisture management capability (OMMC) of the piled materials. Therefore, we reported the OMMC values of different plied samples and the results were discussed properly.

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36

Daukantiene, Virginija, and Giedre Vadeike. "Evaluation of the air permeability of elastic knitted fabrics and their assemblies." International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology 30, no. 6 (November 5, 2018): 839–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcst-02-2018-0021.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the air permeability of knitted fabrics containing elastane fibre and their seams applying both the new approach based on fabric thickness measurement at different pressures and standard method. Design/methodology/approach Investigations were performed with commercially available eight polyester knitted fabrics containing different elastane yarn proportion. Bonded seams were laminated applying the urethane thermoplastic adhesive film of 0.175 mm thickness. Bonds were laminated by heat at 5.6 kPa pressure applying pressing device GTK DEA 25 R at 140°C temperature for 40 s duration. Sewn seams were assembled with 607 covering chain stitch applying 5.0 stitches per cm density and 512 overedge chain stitch applying 5.0 stitches per cm density. Specimens without and with the seams were conditioned in standard atmosphere conditions according to the standard LST EN ISO 139 before air permeability testing according to the standard LST EN ISO 9237. Standard thickness of the investigated knitted fabric was determined according to the standard EN ISO 5084. It is known from literature that the porosity is dominant factor influencing the air permeability of knitted fabrics. Therefore, the assumption was made that due to fabric porosity knitted fabric thickness being measured at different pressures also may differ. Thus, the permeability property may also be related to the difference between fabric’s thicknesses being measured under different pressures which may be applied with different material thickness gauges. Findings There was shown that fabric assemblies make the significant influence on the textile permeability to air. The results obtained indicate that the air permeability of the investigated knitted fabrics depends not only on their structure parameters but also on the fabric seam type. Air permeability of the specimens with the seams was lower than one of specimens without the seams. The highest decrease in permeability which ranged from 19.9 per cent up to 60.0 per cent was determined for the bonds. Fabric specimens with 607 covering chain stitch seam were in the second place with regard to the previously considered parameter. And, their permeability was decreased from 0.6 per cent up to 52.6 per cent. Changes in the air permeability of the specimens with 512 overedge chain stitch seam were lowest in the range of investigated assemblies. Based on the determined results, it was concluded that the thickness difference of the specimens with and without seams measured at different pressures is related to fabric porosity which makes the significant influence on the air permeability. Practical implications The samples of investigated fabrics were taken from the two companies which manufactures leisure clothing and sportswear such as skiing or swimming costumes, etc. Thus, the obtained investigation results are significant not only for clothing science but also leads the improvement of clothing quality in fashion industry. Originality/value Assuring the comfort of the human body is one of the most important functions of clothing, especially of sportswear and leisure wear. Knitted fabrics should not only be elastic, but also have high air permeability for easily transmit of the perspiration from the skin to the atmosphere, thus making the wearer to feel comfortable. In this research, the air permeability of commercially available polyester knitted fabrics containing different amount of elastane was investigated and the influence of fabric assemblies on the air permeability property was evaluated. A new approach based on the fabric thickness measurement at different pressures and the standard methods for the evaluation of air permeability were used.

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37

Subagyo, Asmanto. "Analysis ballistic impact modeling of multicomponent fabrics with jalaba structure." MATEC Web of Conferences 154 (2018): 01117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815401117.

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Various textile materials have been employed in the past for protection against the ballistic with only limited satisfaction without realizing in underlying mechanism of ballistic impact. The multicomponent fabrics was prepare by nylon yarn with plain constraction with thickness of 0.18 mm. The multicomponent fabrics were made 35 layers (laminated) with various thickness. A computational constitutive model has been developed to characterize the progressive failure behaviours of multicomponent fabrics with jalaba structure as reinforcement under high velocity impact conditions. Test result indicates that multicomponent fabric with jalaba structure can reach second level of International Standar of NIJ-010104 for hand gun (revolver) at shoot distance 5 meters. If compared with panel from biotextile composite the multicomponent fabrics have advantages in structure stability, flexibility, lightly and confortable. The integrated modeling was sucessful utilized to predict the damage and ballistic bihavior of multicomponent fabrics to various ballistic impact conditions.

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38

Ying, Sun, Tang Mengyun, Rong Zhijun, Shi Baohui, and Chen Li. "An experimental investigation on the low-velocity impact response of carbon–aramid/epoxy hybrid composite laminates." Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites 36, no. 6 (December 20, 2016): 422–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0731684416680893.

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In the current study, the low-velocity impact response of hybrid-laminated composites based on the twill woven fabrics was investigated experimentally. The following five different types of carbon–aramid/epoxy hybrid laminates were produced and tested, (a) two types of interply hybrid, (b) two types of sandwich-like interply hybrid, and (c) intraply hybrid. Non-hybrid carbon and aramid twill woven laminates were also tested for comparison. The effects of the hybrid structure on the impact properties such as the peak load, the ductility index, and damage area were discussed. The impact damage resistances of specimens were evaluated by comparing damage images taken from both the impacted and the non-impacted surface. The damage and failure mechanisms were analyzed from the impact damage morphologies using ultrasonic C-scan and three-coordinate measuring device. Under the same impact energies, the interply hybrid laminates with carbon fabric on the impact surface have higher impact damage resistance. It can be concluded that placing of high stiffness carbon fabric at highly stressed regions as reinforcement would result in enhanced properties, and the damage tolerance performance of composites with interply hybrid structure are better than those of other hybrid composites.

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39

Shokrieh, MM, R. Ghasemi, and R. Mosalmani. "A general micromechanical model to predict elastic and strength properties of balanced plain weave fabric composites." Journal of Composite Materials 51, no. 20 (June 28, 2017): 2863–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998317716530.

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In the present research, a micromechanical-analytical model was developed to predict the elastic properties and strength of balanced plain weave fabric composites. In this way, a new homogenization method has been developed by using a laminate analogy method for the balanced plain weave fabric composites. The proposed homogenization method is a multi-scale homogenization procedure. This model divides the representative volume element to several sub-elements, in a way that the combination of the sub-elements can be considered as a laminated composite. To determine the mechanical properties of laminates, instead of using an iso-strain assumption, the assumptions of constant in-plane strains and constant out-of-plane stress have been considered. The applied assumptions improve the accuracy of prediction of mechanical properties of balanced plain weave fabrics composites, especially the out-of-plane elastic properties. Also, the stress analysis for prediction of strain–stress behavior and strength has been implemented in a similar manner. In addition, the nonlinear mechanical behavior of balanced plain weave composite is studied by considering the inelastic mechanical behavior of its polymeric matrix. To assess the accuracy of the present model, the results were compared with available results in the literature. The results, including of engineering constants (elastic modulus and Poisson’s ratio) and stress–strain behavior show the accuracy of the present model.

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40

Gao, Minjun, Junhui Meng, Nuo Ma, Moning Li, and Li Liu. "Artificial neural network–based constitutive relation modelling for the laminated fabric used in stratospheric airship." Composites and Advanced Materials 31 (January 2022): 263498332110731. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/26349833211073146.

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There have been gradually increasing interests in the stratospheric airship (SSA) as a cost-effective alternative to earth orbit satellites for telecommunication and high-resolution earth observation. Lightweight and high strength envelopes are the keys to the design of SSAs as it directly determines the endurance flight performance and loading deformation characteristics of the airship. Typical SSA envelope material is a laminated fabric, which is composed of fabric layer and other functional layers. Compared with conventional composite structures, the laminated fabric has complex nonlinear mechanical characteristics. Artificial neural network (ANN) has good processing ability to nonlinear information so that it is suitable to model the constitutive relation of laminated fabrics. In this work, an ANN based on the Scaled Conjugate Gradient (SCG) algorithm is proposed firstly to model the constitutive relation of fabric Uretek3216LV. Considering significant errors of the SCG ANN results, the network model is optimized through methods of selecting the number of hidden-layer nodes and training algorithms. Results show that the improved network model based on Bayesian Regularization (BR) algorithm and eight nodes of single hidden layer can better describe the constitutive relation of the laminated fabric than other conventional training algorithms. The proposed constitutive modelling method with ANN is expected to gain a deeper understanding of the mechanical mechanism and guide structural design of envelope material in further work.

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41

Huang, Chen Hung, and Yu Chun Chuang. "The Design and Optimization of Nonwoven Composite Boards on Sound Absorption Performance." Applied Mechanics and Materials 365-366 (August 2013): 1217–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.365-366.1217.

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This study aims to investigate the optimal value of design parameters for the sound-absorbing nonwoven composite board. The number of laminated layers and thickness of polyester fiber are viewed as the design parameters for fabricating the nonwoven composite board. The 2D, 7D and 12D polyester fibers are individually mixed with 4D low-melting point polyester fiber to produce 2D polyester nonwoven fabric (2D-PETF), 7D polyester nonwoven fabric (7D-PETF) and 12D polyester nonwoven fabric (12D-PETF) respectively. The developed nonwoven fabrics are then used to fabricate 2D-PET, 7D-PET and 12D-PET nonwoven composite boards through the multiple needle-punching and thermal bonding techniques. The sound absorption performance of each PET composite board is carefully examined. The experimental results reveal that the 7D-PET composite board with 10 laminated layers has the optimal sound absorption performance.

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42

Holden, D. Wayne. "Coated and Laminated Fabrics- Some Future Trends." Journal of Coated Fabrics 17, no. 1 (July 1987): 46–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/152808378701700106.

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43

Yin, Hong Ling, Xiong Qi Peng, Tong Liang Du, and Jun Chen. "Experiment Study of Thermoforming of Plain Woven Composite (Carbon/Thermoplastics)." Key Engineering Materials 554-557 (June 2013): 507–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.554-557.507.

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By combining carbon woven fabric with thermoplastics grains, a thermo-stamping process is proposed for forming parts with complex double curvatures in one step, to implement the affordable application of fiber reinforced composites in high volume merchandises such as automotive industry. In the proposed thermo-stamping process, laminated carbon woven fabrics with thermoplastic grains are heated, and then transferred rapidly to a preheated mould for thermo-stamping, and cooled down to form the carbon fiber reinforced composite part. Various thermoplastics such as PP, PA6 and ABS are used as matrix material in the composite part. Experimental results including shear angle distribution in the fabric, deformed boundary profile of fabric with different original fiber orientation and forming defects are presented. It is demonstrated that high quality parts can be obtained with the proposed forming process, and defects are controllable. By using the proposed process and laminated structures, it is feasible to implement the high-volume and low-cost manufacturing of fiber reinforced composite parts.

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44

Yang, Liu, Jian Zhong Yang, and Long Li. "Moisture Permeability Test and Analysis of the Fire Taking Cotton Multilayer Fabric System." Advanced Materials Research 1048 (October 2014): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1048.41.

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This article about the moisture permeability test system of fire taking five outer fabric and five kinds of multi-layer fabric. Screening of fire suit multi-layer fabrics system, the water vapor permeability and fabric structure parameters of correlation analysis. The experimental results showed that, 3 # multi-layer fabric system is the best choice of the fire fighting service; Fabric thickness and i the square meter gram weight is inversely proportional to the fabric moisture permeability relationship; For the effect of PTFE membrane laminated fabric to fabric itself can also through the amount of water vapor has certain influence. While ensuring waterproof, Moisture permeability fabric may be appropriate to increase the resistance, in order to protect the user's comfort.

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Huang, Zheng-Ming, X. C. Teng, and S. Ramakrishna. "Bending Behaviour of Laminated Knitted Fabric Reinforced Beams." Advanced Composites Letters 10, no. 5 (September 2001): 096369350101000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096369350101000501.

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Four-point bending tests have been performed for the laminated beams reinforced in an epoxy matrix with six layers of knitted carbon fibre fabrics arranged in different orientations. It is seen that only partial layers of the beams have failed after the bending tests. The failures of all the beams were initiated from their bottom surface, i.e. due to an excessive tensile stress. Thus the failures were resulted from the matrix tensile fracture, as the epoxy tensile strength is lower than its counterpart in compression. The present experimental evidence suggests that only the use of a stress failure criterion is not sufficient in the layer-by-layer modelling for the ultimate strength of a laminate when a lateral load is involved. A critical deflection/curvature condition is also necessary.

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46

Luedtke, E. Richard. "Drying and Curing of Coated and Laminated Fabrics." Journal of Coated Fabrics 27, no. 2 (October 1997): 115–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/152808379702700205.

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47

Lin, Jia Horng, Chia Chang Lin, Chao Chiung Huang, Ching Wen Lin, Kuan Hsun Su, and Ching Wen Lou. "Manufacturing Technique of Sound-Absorbent PET/TPU Composites." Advanced Materials Research 239-242 (May 2011): 1968–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.239-242.1968.

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Five testing matrixes were prepared to test with sound absorption, tensile strength, and thermal conductivity respectively. The low-melting-point (low-Tm) polyester (PET) fibers were blended with weight ratios (10 wt%, 20 wt%, 30 wt%, 40 wt% and 50 wt %) with PET staples, forming the PET nonwoven fabrics. The thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) was thermal bounded with the nonwoven fabrics with different lamination number to examine the sound absorption rate, creating the PET/ TPU composites. Afterward, four sets of samples – PET nonwoven fabrics and PET/ TPU composites with TPU films laminated on the front, in the middle, and on the rear of the composites, were compared. PET/ TPU composite with TPU film laminated in the middle exhibited the optimum sound absorption; moreover, 30 wt% was proved to be the optimum parameter of the low-Tm PET fibers for the PET/ TPU composites.

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48

Barburski, Marcin, Mariusz Urbaniak, and Sanjeeb Kumar Samal. "Comparison of Mechanical Properties of Biaxial and Triaxial Fabric and Composites Reinforced by Them." Fibres and Textiles in Eastern Europe 27, no. 1(133) (February 28, 2019): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.7506.

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In this article, the mechanical properties of biaxial and triaxial woven aramid fabric and respective reinforced composites were investigated. Both fabrics had the same mass/m2. The first part of the experimental investigation was focused on the mechanical properties of different non-laminated aramid fabrics (biaxial and triaxial). The second part was concerned with the mechanical properties of composites made of a different combination of layers of fabric reinforced with an epoxy resin matrix in the order of biaxial+biaxial, trixial+triaxial and biaxial+triaxial. The composites were tested for tensile strength, flexural strength, strain and Young’s and flexural modulus. It can be seen from the results that the density and direction of the yarns are the most important parameters for determination of the strength of the fabric reinforced composite. The biaxial composite clearly showed better tensile strength, while the bi-tri axial order showed good flexural strength compared to the other composite combinations. These fabric reinforced composites have suitable applications in the areas of medical, protection and in the automotive industries.

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LOU, GE, WEI WU, and SI CHEN. "Study of the flexural properties of polyurethane-foam-core composites reinforced with warp-knitted spacer fabric." Industria Textila 73, no. 04 (August 31, 2022): 347–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.35530/it.073.04.202155.

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In this paper, novel ternary composites consisting of polyurethane-foam-core, warp-knitted spacer fabrics and polyurethane resin were involved. The composites obtain unique three-dimensional structures, high strength and a variety of surface structures. The aim of this study was to investigate the flexural properties of the composites. First, the warp-knitted spacer fabrics with different structural parameters were laminated with polyurethane foam to produce the foam-core materials. Meanwhile, two types of microspheres were incorporated into the polyurethane foam. Then the prepared foam-core materials were combined with polyurethane resin to fabricate the polyurethane composites. A flexural test was conducted to investigate the effects of the surface structure of spacer fabrics, microspheres types and contents on the flexural properties of the polyurethane composites. The findings show that the composites had excellent flexural properties and the flexural performance can be significantly improved by varying the surface structure of the fabric and the type of microspheres to meet specific end-user requirements

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50

Beylergil, Bertan, Metin Tanoğlu, and Engin Aktaş. "Experimental and statistical analysis of carbon fiber/epoxy composites interleaved with nylon 6,6 nonwoven fabric interlayers." Journal of Composite Materials 54, no. 27 (May 25, 2020): 4173–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998320927740.

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Abstract:

Thermoplastic interleaving is a promising technique to improve delamination resistance of laminated composites. In this study, plain-weave carbon fiber/epoxy composites were interleaved with nylon 6,6 nonwoven fabrics with an areal weight density of 17 gsm. The carbon fiber/epoxy composite laminates with/without nylon 6,6 nonwoven fabric interlayers were manufactured by VARTM technique. Double cantilever beam fracture toughness tests were carried out on the prepared composite test specimens in accordance with ASTM 5528 standard. The experimental test data were statistically analyzed by two-parameter Weibull distribution. The results showed that the initiation and propagation fracture toughness Mode-I fracture toughness of carbon fiber/epoxy composites could be improved by about 34 and 156% (corresponding to a reliability level of 0.50) with the incorporation of nylon 6,6 interlayers in the interlaminar region, respectively. The results also revealed that the percent increase in the propagation fracture toughness value was 67 and 41% at reliability levels of 0.90 and 0.95, respectively.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Laminated fabrics'

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