Academic literature on the topic 'Lament winder'

Different types of folklore texts differ from each other by their function. We can distinguish between genres meant to be believed (like legend) and genres recognized in advance as fiction (fairy-tale). At the same time, textual fiction may also have served practical purposes—such as the telling of fairy-tales during the late autumn and early winter for purposes of fertility magic—as used to be the case in the Estonian folk tradition. There are folklore genres that have functioned, among other things, as an accompaniment, comment on, or support to rituals or practices being carried out—for instance, an incantation during a cure, or a lament in death-related procedures, when a person must be separated from his familiar environment. The same textual formulae fulfil different tasks in different genres, which means that they also carry a different meaning. The present paper considers some themes related to the bodily aspect of humanity in various genres of folklore, particularly in songs and laments, as well as in practices related to death and commemoration. As expected, the problems connected with the human body have in these genres undergone transformations of meaning, the understanding and interpretation of which may vary considerably. The mater­ial discussed in the article derives mainly from the Balto-Finnic and north Russian cultural area, partly from the author's own experience during his field trips.

The aim of writing this article is to analyze how the articles published by Zenith magazine (1921-1926) reflected the role of modern music within the framework of Zenithism - a movement relating to Dadaism and Futurism. The founder of the movement Ljubomir Micic and the Croatian composer Josip Slavenski both settled in Serbia and shared similar views concerning the Zenithist role of art. They sought to create a novel artistic expression free from Western influence, rooted in primitive and intrinsic creative forces of Eastern, and more specifically, Balkan peoples. Nevertheless, the intellectual sophistication and radicalism of their ideas differed somewhat whereas Micic was inclined towards experiment and provocation (i.e. his announcement of a Balkan "Barbarogenius"), Slavenski's aim was to revise and transform the archaisms preserved in old layers of folk music (primarily that of the Balkans), thus yielding an original modernist language. When in 1924 Micic moved from Zagreb to Belgrade, Slavenski was already there, only to leave for Paris in winter of the same year and remain there until the following summer. This may explain Slavenski's single contribution to Zenith, a piece composed before he met Micic. Zenith's articles on music included a positive account of Prokofiev, whose works were seen as representative of the movement's intentions. The article was an abridged translation of Igor Glebov's (pseudonym of Boris Asafiev) text printed in V'esc (in German). Micic himself was the author of another contribution - a concert review, which served as an opportunity to express his views on contemporary music, one being an appraisal of Stravinsky whose music was felt to correspond to Zenithist aesthetics. He was labeled a musical 'Cubist', who composed music of 'paradox and simultaneity'. In the same article Antun Dobronic (a nationalist Croatian composer) was criticised on the basis that his music was not 'Balkanized' enough. Micic, who obviously had little or no musical education, was unable to find any musical critics who would adhere to his views. Several other articles in Zenith, such as concert reviews and literary texts with reference to both old and new composers, shed more light on the spirit of the movement and contribute to our understanding of it.

During the classical period Athenian women gathered once a year to celebrate the Adonia. With ritualised lament they shared Aphrodite's grief over the death of Adonis, her youthful lover. This was not an official festival of the state or any of its political subdivisions; it was not publicly financed or regulated. It was celebrated informally by small, ad hoc groups of women (citizens and non-citizens, friends, relatives, neighbours) on the roofs of their houses. This unusual festival has long intrigued modern commentators, who have suggested a wide variety of interpretations regarding its nature and meaning—including one recently offered by this author. My purpose in this short article is to focus on one particular aspect of the Adonia—its date. Like almost everything else about this festival, its celebration-date has been the subject of scholarly controversy. Three seasons of the year have found advocates, winter being the lone discard.

The results of the evaluation of the genetic cherry collection of the Republican Unitary Enterprise “Institute for Fruit Growing” for winter hardiness, resistance to coccomycosis and large-fruited are presented. Among the studied 213 cherry accessions 6 highly winter resistant, 105 resistant to cherry leaf spot, three genotypes with very large fruits (varieties Krupnoplodnaya, Lyubava Donetskaya, Legenda Mliyeva, the fruit weight of which exceeds 8.3 g) and 11 accessions with a fruit weight exceeding 7.0 g (varieties Krasavitsa, Dar Mlieva, Donetskaya Krasavitsa, Donchanka, Sashenka, Ugolek, Yaroslavna, Lambert Compact, hybrids 10/98, D-7-87, № 5) were identifi ed. Two sources (varieties of sweet cherries of the Belarusian breeding Severnaya and Syubarovskaya), combining high winter hardiness and resistance to coccomycosis, were revealed. On the base of the identified genotypes a characteristic collection of sources of winter hardiness, large-fruited and resistance to coccomycosis has been formed for use in the new sweet cherry breeding program.

In recent decades, technological advancements in sensors have generated increasing interest in remote sensing data for the study of vegetation features. Image pixel resolution can affect data analysis and results. This study evaluated the potential of three satellite images of differing resolution (Landsat 8, 30 m; Sentinel-2, 10 m; and Pleiades 1A, 2 m) in assessing the Leaf Area Index (LAI) of riparian vegetation in two Mediterranean streams, and in both a winter wheat field and a deciduous forest used to compare the accuracy of the results. In this study, three different retrieval methods—the Caraux-Garson, the Lambert-Beer, and the Campbell and Norman equations—are used to estimate LAI from the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). To validate sensor data, LAI values were measured in the field using the LAI 2200 Plant Canopy Analyzer. The statistical indices showed a better performance for Pleiades 1A and Landsat 8 images, the former particularly in sites characterized by high canopy closure, such as deciduous forests, or in areas with stable riparian vegetation, the latter where stable reaches of riparian vegetation cover are almost absent or very homogenous, as in winter wheat fields. Sentinel-2 images provided more accurate results in terms of the range of LAI values. Considering the different types of satellite imagery, the Lambert-Beer equation generally performed best in estimating LAI from the NDVI, especially in areas that are geomorphologically stable or have a denser vegetation cover, such as deciduous forests.

One bright winter afternoon in 1992, in the mountains of Yunnan Province, China, Li Yong told me a story. Li Yong and I were crowded into a courtyard in his largely Yi (or Lòlop'ò) village, at a mortuary ritual for one of his affines. In the courtyard's center, where the corpse had lain in its coffin seven days before, a crude trough had been scratched into the earth, with a shallow hole at the end where the corpse's mouth had been. The dead woman's daughter, her husband's sisters and their daughters, and some of their female friends sat on benches on either side, singing formal poetic laments about labor and pain. To accompany her tears, the daughter ladled water from a bucket into the hole in front of her. The water overflowed into the trough and gradually turned the lower surface of the courtyard to mud. Women from the dead woman's son's family moved about the courtyard pouring alcohol for the hundreds of guests, who drank while squatting, sitting or standing, their feet in the mud.

Data from six automatic weather stations deployed around the interior of the Lambert Glacier basin, Antarctica, at surface elevations of 1830-2741 m are used to compile a surface climatology of this part of interior Antarctica for the period 1994-96. The stations measure air pressure, near-surface wind speed and air temperature at several levels, wind direction and firn temperatures. The topography of the basin, which extends more than 800 km inland, controls the katabatic wind regime and strongly influences the surface climate of the region. Windiest sites are on the steep coastal slopes, and within the depression of the Lambert and Mellor Ice Streams where the flow is topographically channelled. Surface winds here show greater seasonal variation in speed but less variation in direction than elsewhere. The annual mean temperatures on the relatively steep slopes on the eastern side of the basin are 4-5°C warmer than at equivalent altitude on the western side. During winter, near-synchronous synoptic temperature and pressure increases occur throughout the basin to at least 1000 km from the coast. There is a consistent pattern of diurnal wind variation in the summer at all stations, with maximum wind speed at about 0900 LST (local solar time), and the most easterly direction at 1300 LST.

We are pleased to announce that the 12th Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics Best Paper Award (JRM Best Paper Award 2019) has been decided by the JRM editorial committee. The following paper won the JRM Best Paper Award 2019, severely selected from among all 94 papers published in Vol.30 (2018). The Best Paper Award ceremony was held in Gakushi-Kaikan, Tokyo, Japan, on January 7, 2020, attended by the author and JRM editorial committee members who took part in the selection process. The award winner will also be announced on the JRM website and was given a certificate and a nearly US$1,000 honorarium. JRM Best Paper Award 2019 Title: End-to-End Autonomous Mobile Robot Navigation with Model-Based System Support Authors: Alexander Carballo, Shunya Seiya, Jacob Lambert, Hatem Darweesh, Patiphon Narksri, Luis Yoichi Morales, Naoki Akai, Eijiro Takeuchi, and Kazuya Takeda J. Robot. Mechatron., Vol.30 No.4, pp. 563-583, August 2018

Abstract. This study produced maps of the partial pressure of oceanic carbon dioxide (pCO2sea) in the North Pacific on a 0.25° latitude × 0.25° longitude grid from 2002 to 2008. The pCO2sea values were estimated by using a self-organizing map neural network technique to explain the non-linear relationships between observed pCO2sea data and four oceanic parameters: sea surface temperature (SST), mixed layer depth, chlorophyll a concentration, and sea surface salinity (SSS). The observed pCO2sea data was obtained from an extensive dataset generated by the volunteer observation ship program operated by the National Institute for Environmental Studies. The reconstructed pCO2sea values agreed rather well with the pCO2sea measurements, the root mean square error being 17.6 μatm. The pCO2sea estimates were improved by including SSS as one of the training parameters and by taking into account secular increases of pCO2sea that have tracked increases in atmospheric CO2. Estimated pCO2sea values accurately reproduced pCO2sea data at several stations in the North Pacific. The distributions of pCO2sea revealed by seven-year averaged monthly pCO2sea maps were similar to Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory pCO2sea climatology and more precisely reflected oceanic conditions. The distributions of pCO2sea anomalies over the North Pacific during the winter clearly showed regional contrasts between El Niño and La Niña years related to changes of SST and vertical mixing.

Master thesis is focusing on possibility of recycling waste from 3D prints. Goal was to degin a make lament extruder and winder. Design is based on research of avaible comercial and OpenSource solutions. The result is working machine with compact oor prejction, which is able to produce 110 grams of lament per hour. Deviation from diameter was ±0, 07. Conclusion place great emphasis on further improving and testing, beacuse it has not been reached limits of machine.

En viabilité hivernale, la prévision de l’état de surface des infrastructures s’avère indispensable, et permet une anticipation, une meilleure coordination et une efficacité d’intervention des services d’exploitation. La majorité des pays dispose de modèles de prévision de la température de surface d'infrastructures et des routes en particulier (TSR). La complexité de ces outils d’aide à la décision est croissante, pour servir au mieux les usagers et l’exploitant. Le microclimat urbain influence le bilan énergétique de surface selon différents processus : radiatifs, aérodynamiques et hydrologiques. Néanmoins, d’autres processus physiques anthropiques influencent cette TSR, tel que le trafic. Des travaux ont été menés par le passé concernant l’apport énergétique du trafic dans le bilan thermique de la ville. Celui-ci a fait l’objet d’études sur les périodes estivales et les îlots de chaleur urbains associés. Cependant, dans les cas de dégradations des conditions hivernales de circulation, ces apports énergétiques ont été intégrés de façon marginale dans la modélisation des paramètres de surface de la route. L’absence de cette contribution du trafic dans la modélisation du bilan énergétique de surface explique, dans une certaine limite, la prévision imparfaite de l’état de surface de la route. La bibliographie recense plusieurs études conduites afin d’identifier et de quantifier ces effets du trafic. Elles n'ont pas ou peu traité la perte ou le gain d'énergie causé par le passage des véhicules sur le bilan énergétique de surface, ou sur la modélisation de la TSR. Dans la présente étude, deux approches ont été proposées pour paramétrer le trafic dans le modèle numérique Town Energy Balance (TEB), l'une globale et la seconde détaillée. Leur analyse comparée indique que la seconde a significativement amélioré les résultats de la modélisation de la TSR. Les apports thermiques du trafic ont augmenté la TSR de 2 à 4°C pour la rapprocher des mesures expérimentales (écart de 0.5 à 1°C en moyenne). Elle est le résultat de l’effet cumulatif des différents processus physiques associés au trafic, et varie en fonction de ses paramètres (densité, vitesse de circulation, fluidité, etc.). Une étude de sensibilité a été menée afin d’apprécier les processus physiques responsables de l’amélioration de la TSR. Les résultats indiquent que l’effet turbulent, la densité de flux radiatif ainsi que la densité de flux due aux frottements des pneumatiques contribuent le plus à l'augmentation la TSR. Néanmoins la contribution énergétique de chacun de ces processus dépend à la fois des paramètres du trafic et des conditions météorologiques. Cette étude a présenté également une analyse préliminaire de l’influence de la lame d’eau présente en surface sur la TSR. Cette dernière décroit en fonction de l’épaisseur de la lame d’eau. Les facteurs anthropiques tels que le trafic et l’adjonction de fondants routiers sur la lame d’eau présente en surface sont décrits et discutés, et une paramétrisation proposée en perspectives
In winter maintenance, forecasting the infrastructure surface status is mandatory, to allow anticipation, better coordination and efficiency of services. The majority of countries have forecast models of the infrastructure surface temperature and especially roads one (RST). The complexity of these decision tools is growing, to best serve the users and managers. The urban microclimate influences the surface energy balance according to various processes: radiative, aerodynamic and hydrologic. However, other anthropogenic physical processes influence this RST, such as traffic. Studies have been carried out in the past about the traffic heat input in the town heat balance. These were conducted on the summer periods and associated urban heat islands. However, in case of traffic in adverse winter conditions, these energy contributions were marginally integrated into the modeling of the road surface parameters. The absence of this traffic's contribution in the surface energy balance modeling explains, to a given limit, the imperfect forecasting of road surface status. The literature identifies several studies conducted to identify and to quantify these effects of traffic. They have insufficiently or not treated the loss or gain on energy caused by circulating vehicles on the surface energy balance, or on modeling the RST. In this study, two approaches have been proposed to parameterize the traffic in the Town Energy Balance (TEB) numerical model, this first one being overall and the second one detailed. Their comparative analysis indicates that the second significantly improved the results of the RST modeling. The traffic heat inputs increased RST by 2 to 4°C, results being then closer to experimental measurements (average difference of 0.5 to 1°C). It is the result of the cumulative effect of the various traffic physical processes, and varies according to its parameters (density, vehicle velocity, fluidity, etc.). A sensitivity analysis was conducted to assess the physical processes responsible for the improvement of the RST. The results indicate that the turbulent effect, the radiative heat flux and flux density due to tires friction represent the greatest contribution to RST increase. Nevertheless the energy contribution of each of these processes depends both traffic parameters and weather conditions. This study also presented a preliminary analysis of the influence of a water layer over the surface on the RST. The latter decreases as a function of the thickness of the water layer. Anthropogenic factors such as traffic and the addition of de-icing products into the water layer present on the surface are described and discussed, and a parameterization proposed as a perspective

The reign of Henry VII is important but mysterious. He ended the Wars of the Roses and laid the foundations for the strong governments of Henry VIII and Elizabeth I. Yet his style of rule was unconventional and at times oppressive. At the heart of his regime stood his new men, low-born ministers with legal, financial, political and military skills who enforced the king’s will and in the process built their own careers and their families’ fortunes. Some are well known, like Sir Edward Poynings, governor of Ireland, or Empson and Dudley, executed to buy popularity for the young Henry VIII. Others are less famous. Sir Robert Southwell was the king’s chief auditor, Sir Andrew Windsor the keeper of the king’s wardrobe, Sir Thomas Lovell the chancellor of the exchequer so trusted by Henry that he was allowed to employ the former Yorkist pretender Lambert Simnel as his household falconer. Some paved the way to glory for their relatives. Sir Thomas Brandon, master of the horse, was the uncle of Henry VIII’s favourite Charles Brandon, duke of Suffolk. Sir Henry Wyatt, keeper of the jewel house, was father to the poet Sir Thomas Wyatt. This book, based on extensive archival research, presents a kaleidoscopic portrait of the new men. It analyses the offices and relationships through which they exercised power and the ways they gained their wealth and spent it to sustain their new-found status. It establishes their importance in the operation of Henry’s government and, as their careers continued under his son, in the making of Tudor England.

The idea that lament and protest might have a valuable place in Christian liturgy and practice has become a topic of increasing philosophical-theological interest. In The Hiddenness of God, Rea defended the view that God authorizes and validates lament and protest from human beings—including impious protest, which emerges from outright anger, sorrow, or other negative emotions in response to apparent divine injustice. But this view apparently stands in tension with widespread assumptions about worship and prayer. In particular, it is hard to see how God can authorize and validate impious protest if it is always true that everyone ought to worship God; and it is also tempting to think that impious protest is an instance of what Lauren Winner calls the ‘characteristic deformation of prayer’, which, in turn, suggests that it is defective prayer that should neither be authorized nor validated by God. This chapter addresses these apparent tensions.

This chapter considers how the leaders of the BPP, the international section and Revolutionary People's Communications Network (RPCN), and the Black Liberation Army (BLA) were unable to formulate an effective response to the changed international and domestic landscape that they confronted in the age of détente and late-Cold War stagnation. As Aaron Dixon lamented, most of the party's rank and file who returned to their communities battered and bruised from their confrontations with police repression and party infighting found that “there would be no cheering crowds, no open arms, no therapy, no counselling.” Their efforts however, left a rich and contested legacy that remains relevant in the twenty-first century at a time when white supremacy, colonialism, and the ongoing effects of neoliberalism and deindustrialization continue to haunt the world.

At this sale, of course I found myself in company with the old broken-down horses — some lame, some broken-winded, some old, and some, that I am sure it would have been merciful to shoot. The buyers and sellers too, many of them, looked...

This introductory chapter provides an overview of the book's main themes. This book discusses a project based on the E. H. Gombrich Lectures given at the Warburg Institute in 2014. The author had become fascinated with the tradition of boys performing emotional speeches in women's voices in schools and the evidence from manuscripts indicating that this tradition persisted during the Middle Ages, as well as before and after. The three chapters in this book begin with a boy: the historical Augustine who weeps for the suicide of a fictional queen; young Achilles waking up in a strange new land where he will be asked to pretend to be a young woman; and an anonymous boy in a medieval lyric poem who performs a woman's lament for her dead lover. Each provides a different window into three interrelated aspects of medieval teaching: emotion, gender, and performance, with special emphasis on emotion.

This chapter recounts the spring of 1920, when three of Wall Street's top bankers—Thomas W. Lamont of J.P. Morgan & Company, Frank A. Vanderlip of National City Bank, and Benjamin Strong of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York—made their own separate visits to Japan, which had suddenly emerged as a new financial power. These bankers, all ambitious to build a new world more open to American business, had already crossed paths the year before in London and Paris, where they were involved in planning postwar European affairs. Their Tokyo tour of 1920 was thus a follow-on to a European tour in 1919. Wall Street financiers subsequently became key actors in shaping US-Japan relations during the decade of the 1920s. Financially speaking, this was the beginning of Japan's first “American” age. However, this era ended abruptly and violently in the autumn and winter of 1931–32.

Until 1830, the traveler to India faced a long, and often stormy, passage around the Cape of Good Hope. The advent of the steamship changed everything. Now you could take a steamer from England or Marseilles to Alexandria, then spend a few days or weeks in Cairo waiting for news that the ship for India was approaching Suez. You then took a camel, horse, or wagon across the desert to meet the vessel at what was then a small village. Hotels opened in Suez and Cairo to accommodate transit passengers. The British Hotel in Cairo, soon to be renamed Shepheard’s Hotel after its manager, welcomed its first guests in 1841. This magnificent Victorian institution became world famous, especially after the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869, when it became the hotel of choice for the British Raj on its way to and from India. The hotel also catered to a new breed, the archaeological tourist. Bubonic plague epidemics periodically claimed thousands of lives in Egypt until 1844, when it suddenly and mysteriously disappeared. Cholera arrived from India to take its place, but despite this scourge, Egypt became a recommended destination for travelers wishing to escape damp European winters. By this time, a journey up the Nile to the First Cataract was routine, although one had to endure long quarantines on account of the plague. Nile travel became so popular that the London publisher John Murray commissioned the Egyptologist John Gardner Wilkinson to write a guide, one of a series aimed at a new audience of middle-class tourists.Wilkinson traveled in style, his baggage requiring a small army of porters. The contents of his baggage included an iron bedstead, a sword and other oddities, and “much more,” including a chicken coop, ample biscuits (cookies), and potted meats. He lamented the high cost of living in Egypt and the changes brought by a rising tide of visitors. “The travelers who go up the Nile will I fear soon be like Rhine tourists. & Cheapside will pour out its Legions upon Egypt.” His Handbook for Travellers in Egypt first appeared in 1847, went through multiple editions until 1873, and was still in common use half a century after its first appearance.

Giornali degli Scavi: A,VI,7 (Apr. 1929–Dec. 1935): 175 (15 Apr. 1932); 201–3 (2–7 July 1932); 342–3 (12–13 June 1933). Elia 1934: 340–1. The recording of the excavation for this area is again fairly summary, but reporting the removal of the volcanic deposit below the fallen rafters. It was obviously left partially unexcavated for nearly a year. Present location: unknown, not inventoried at time of excavation. Description: Fragmentary amphora with a black painted inscription on the neck. Inscription:. Present location: unknown, not inventoried at time of excavation. Reference: inscription: Della Corte 1933: 318, no. 339. Discussion: see discussion on amphora. Dimensions: preserved l.: 140 mm. Description: Iron slide key with tapering stem of rectangular section (max. dimensions: 20 mm × 10 mm). Suspension ring (diam.: c.30 mm) and L-shaped bit, with the remains of two teeth. Present location: Pompeii Collection. CB (inv. no. 5057). Discussion: Similar type to cat. no. 136. See discussion on locks and keys. Description: small vase. Present location: unknown, not inventoried at time of excavation. Present location: unknown, not inventoried at time of excavation. Description: base of vase. Present location: unknown, not inventoried at time of excavation. Discussion: excavators recorded that this was found on cat. no. 1914. Dimensions: h.: 0.9 m (GdSc). Description: one amphora is cylindrical with an inscription in black. Present location: unknown, left in situ at time of excavation (inv. no. 5631). Discussion: see discussion on amphora. Present location: unknown, not inventoried at time of excavation. Discussion: see discussion on axes. Dimensions: h.: 248 mm; diam.: 159 mm. Description: Large funnel with a bell-shaped bowl, decorated with incised concentric lines at the carination and on the inside of the rim. Tapering cylindrical funnel, consisting of a folded piece of lamina, soldered to the base of the bowl. The end of the funnel is missing. Preserved brass colour inside rim suggests this was high-quality bronze. Present location: Pompeii Collection, CB (inv. no. 5055). Reference: Tassinari 1993: i.145, and ii.198, 402. Discussion: Tassinari suggested (1993: i.232) that such funnels were for table use. According to White (1975: 124), these were used to decant wine from amphorae into lagoenae.

Liquid-to-air membrane energy exchangers (LAMEEs) are a new generation of energy exchangers in air-conditioning systems to transfer both heat and moisture. In this paper, the performance of a 200 cfm LAMEE is numerically and experimentally investigated under summer and winter test conditions when Lithium Chloride (LiCl) is used as a salt solution in the exchanger. The results show that the LAMEE has almost the same total effectiveness at summer and winter conditions, but the latent effectiveness of the LAMEE is higher at the summer conditions. Also, the agreement between the experimental and numerical results is acceptable for all the tests, and they are within their uncertainty ranges except for the latent effectiveness of the LAMEE tested under winter test conditions.

In liquid-to-air membrane energy exchangers (LAMEEs), the heat and mass transfer resistances in the air channel are dominant. An eddy promoter air screen can effectively enhance the heat and mass transfers in the air channel. In this study, the heat transfer enhancement and pressure drop across three different eddy promoter air screens in an air channel are experimentally investigated. Eddy promoter air screens are comprised of plastic ribs in the stream-wise direction and aluminum cross-bars normal to the air flow direction. A low speed wind tunnel test facility, which simulates the air channel of a LAMEE is designed to measure the friction factor and enhanced convective heat transfer coefficient in the air channel with an eddy promoter air screen. Tests were conducted at Reynolds numbers of 920, 1550, and 2160. In this paper, the effects of the spacing of the cylindrical bars and plastic ribs on the heat transfer performance are studied experimentally. Also, the performance of eddy promoter air screens as a function of enhanced heat transfer coefficient and increased pressure drop is investigated. Results show that the eddy promoter air screens have the highest efficiencies at Reynolds of 1550 and double the convective heat transfer coefficient of the air with respect to a smooth channel.

The breakup process of threads from laminar operating rotary atomizer (LamRot) is in the scope of this investigation. A similarity trail is used to investigate the influence of the thread deformation within a cross-wind flow on the thread breakup process. The threads emerge from laminar open channel flow while the liquid viscosity, the flow rate, the pipe inclination towards the gravity as well as the cross-wind velocity is varied. The breakup length and drop size distribution are analyzed by a back-light photography setup. The results thus obtained are compared with results of previous examination by Schröder [1] and Mescher [2]. It is found that the breakup length decreases and that the drop size grows with rising cross-wind intensity, while the width of the drop size distribution increases. At the same operating conditions, the breakup length for laminar open channel flow is smaller compared to completely filled capillaries. In contrast to this observation, the drop size distribution remains nearly unchanged. The critical velocity for the transition from axisymmetric to wind-induced thread breakup was found to be smaller than for completely filled capillaries.