Dissertations / Theses: 'Lamb production'

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Johnston, Steven Dale. "The effects of genotype production and nutrition on lamb production." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295395.

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Anderson, Jennifer M. L. "An evaluation of entire males for lamb production." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.481467.

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Turnbull, Elwin Donald, of Western Sydney Hawkesbury University, and Faculty of Agriculture and Rural Development. "Developing the Australian lamb industry using action research." THESIS_FARD_XXX_Turnball_E.xml, 1993. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/84.

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This document reports on the rationale for and results of using action research in order to facilitate development of the Australian lamb industry. The contexts of this research were: a lamb industry that had declining consumption; producers were slow to change to the production of new style of lamb which more closely aligned with consumer trends towards lower fat and convenience foods; and major changes in research funding criteria, towards projects with measurable impacts upon industries. The perspective taken in this research was that the production and marketing of lamb is essentially a human activity. Action research was effective in providing a methodology for working with extension and research officers using focus group meetings with lamb producers in South Eastern Australia. The key activity was the creation of an environment for a rich social discourse between industry people, focussing on establishing suitable processes and relationships within the industry. Valuable resources consisting of current industry skills, knowledge and institutions were utilised through this project for the benefit of the industry. This project illustrated a role for action research as an effective way of facilitating learning and communication in the lamb industry. The impact of the project was limited because the activities were confined to the production end of the marketing channel. The research helped the author to develop a deeper understanding of participatory action research and the close linkage between learning and self image. The experience of conducting the research validated the importance of the group dynamic in action research and the difficulty that individuals and groups have in matching actions with espoused theory
Master of Science (Hons)

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Ruto, Christopher Kiptanui. "Lamb and wool production in an organic farming system." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2005. https://etd.wvu.edu/etd/controller.jsp?moduleName=documentdata&jsp%5FetdId=3839.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2005
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 51 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 46-51).

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Gudex, B. W. "Sireline variation in neonatal lamb cold tolerance." Lincoln University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1055.

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The cost of lamb mortality caused by cold exposure has been estimated at approximately 40 million dollars per year. This value is probably conservative as it does not include the cost due to the reduction in productivity in hypothermic lambs that manage to survive or the cost of reduced selection potential incurred by fewer lambs surviving until selection. The objectives of this research was to investigate whether sire-line variation exists in neonatal lamb cold tolerance and whether polymorphism in the β₃ adrenergic receptor gene can be used as a genetic marker for lamb cold tolerance and lean muscle growth. The influence of the climate, birthweight, age of dam at lambing, gender and birth rank on neonatal lamb cold tolerance was also analysed. Neonatal lamb mortality due to cold exposure was analysed in four field trials that used neonatal lamb morality from cold exposure as a predictor of neonatal lamb cold tolerance. Sire-line variation in neonatal lamb morality was observed in all trials, though it appeared that this effect was largely mediated through sire-line variation in lamb birth weight. Variation in lamb birth weight between birth rank classed was also found to be responsible for the influence of birth rank on neonatal lamb mortality due to cold exposure. The age of dam at lambing and the lamb gender was not observed to influence neonatal lamb mortality due to cold exposure. The sires from the cold tolerance study and the progeny of the lean muscle growth study were genotyped for the β₃ adrenergic receptor locus. Other studies have found evidence that a major gene exists in the catecholamine stimulation of brown adipose thermogenesis and evidence that the β₃-AR gene is a likely candidate. However, this hypothesis and the hypothesis that polymorphism in the β₃-AR gene is also linked to lean muscle growth in lambs was not confirmed in this study. So while it appears that the results were confounded by experimental design, there is evidence that influence of polymorphism in the ovine β₃ AR gene on neonatal lamb mortality and/or lean muscle growth is not sufficient to be considered a major gene effect. The implications of this experiment on the sheep industry and sheep farmers in general are huge. While completely eliminating lamb deaths due to inadequate cold tolerance is impossible, this study shows that large gains in lamb survival could be possible through selective breeding.

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Jensen, Rebekah Paige. "Plane of Energy Nutrition on Blood Metabolites, Milk Production and Lamb Growth in Friesian Sheep." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2018. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6857.

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Small ruminant species are utilized for their diverse products including meat, dairy products, and wool. Effective and humane management are essential to maintain high production rates and comfortable animals. To attain this objective, managers needs to have an extensive knowledge of husbandry techniques, understanding of physiological processes, and familiarity with nutritional requirements. We examined the effects of varying feed components on two different ruminal species. In Chapter 1, we conducted a study to evaluate"¯the effects"¯of a low metabolizable energy (LME) and high metabolizable energy (HME) diet on twenty-two Friesian/Lacuane"¯cross ewes and lamb nutritional status."¯Effects on milk production during early lactation stages"¯and the growth of the neonatal lambs were also investigated. We anticipate energy levels will have an effect on milk production and lamb growth. Our results indicate that ewes on the LME diet produced more milk with higher concentrations of fat though this group maintained lower body condition. We concluded that neither the HME nor the LME diet met the needs of the sheep due to the shift in nutrient partitioning towards milk production rather than allocating nutrients to maintaining both body condition and milk production. Limited energy requirements are further evidenced by the decline in back fat (BF) for both the HME and LME groups for the duration of the study. We determined the degradation parameters of grass hay supplemented with soybean meal (SBM) and the effects of SBM on compartment 1 (C1) ammonia and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations in alpacas. Our findings show that the degradation rate was not different for dry matter (DM), but it was for crude protein (CP) (P<0.05). With this data it can be concluded that SBM can be a CP supplement when the diet is insufficient to improve microbial yield. It should be noted that care should be taken to avoid causing a protein-energy imbalance. The results of these two studies indicate shifts in nutrients availability and changes in feeding strategies can affect both the health of the animal and their subsequent offspring.

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Yaqoob, Muhammad. "Comparison of three terminal sire breeds for lamb production under upland grassland conditions in the North East of England." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.313239.

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Edwards, David Stanley. "Role of farm factors in the development of longitudinally integrated food safety assurance systems for beef and lamb production." Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.395038.

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Campbell, Braden Joseph. "Alternative management practices to improve the growth and mitigate the health and economic losses associated with parasitic infection in pasture-raised lambs in the eastern United States of America." The Ohio State University, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1619020179009712.

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Claasen, Claasen. "The effect of agricultural production system on the meat quality of Dorper lambs." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/19896.

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Thesis (MScAgric)--Stellenbosch University, 2008.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of South African production system (feedlot {FL-} or free-range {FR-}) and gender (ewes, rams or castrates) on growth and carcass characteristics of Dorper sheep. Male lambs (castrates and rams) grew twice as fast as ewes (P<0.05) under FL-conditions while much smaller differences were observed between gender groups in FR-lambs. FL-lambs produced heavier carcasses (P=0.0003) with higher dressing percentages (P<0.05) and greater carcass fatness levels (P<0.052) than FR- lambs. No differences attributable to production system were found on meat tenderness (as indicated by Warner Bratzler shear force strength) and on the intramuscular lipid concentration. In contrast, sensory evaluation results suggested that meat from FL-lambs was juicier and more tender than meat from FR-lambs. The sensory panel could not distinguish between FL and FR meat as far as the attributes of aroma and flavour were concerned. Cholesterol results indicated that for intermuscular fat, higher cholesterol levels were observed for FL-lambs than for FR-lambs. The level of palmitic acid (C16:0) was significantly higher (P=0.0375) in the Longissimus dorsi (LD) muscles of FL-lambs. For intramuscular fat from the Biceps femoris (BF) muscle, g-linolenic acid (C18:3n-6) was higher (P<0.0001) in FL- lambs. Results for intramuscular BF further indicated that ram lambs had the highest (P=0.0019) palmitic acid (C16:0) and sum of TUFA (P=0.0014), castrates had the highest (P=0.0260) α-linolenic acid (C18:3n-3) and g-linolenic acid (C18:3n-6), while ewe lambs had the highest (P=0.0014) SFA concentrations. Linoleic acid (C18:2n-6c) was significantly higher (P=0.0067) in the subcutaneous fat of FL-lambs while FR-lambs had more linolenic acid (C18:3n-3). For the kidney fat, FR-feeding increased (P < 0.05) stearic (C18:0), linolelaidic (C18:2n-6t), α-linolenic (C18:3n-3) and homo-g-linolenic acid (C20:3n-6) percentages. Conversely, linoleic acid (C18:2n-6c) was increased (P=0.0372) by FL-feeding. For the intermuscular fat, FR-lambs had higher linolenic acid (C18:3n-3) and SFA (P=0.0113 and P=0.0341) compared to FL-lambs. On the other hand, the sum of TUFA for the intermuscular fat was higher (P=0.0341) in FL-lambs compared to FR-lambs. Results from the study imply that the consumer may not necessarily be able to discern between meat from FR- or FL-lambs, although they may possibly discriminate against the increase in visible fatness of FL-lambs. No clear advantage of production system in terms of human health could be demonstrated as far as the proximate chemical composition and the fatty acid composition of the meat was concerned. The faster growth and the associated shorter production cycle of FL-lambs could be an advantage under certain production systems. However, it needs to be weighed against the cost of concentrate feeding and the preference consumers are likely to develop for lamb produced in natural environments.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van die studie was om Suid Afrikaanse produksiestelsel (voerkraal {VK-} of veld {VD}) en geslag (ooie, hamels of ramme) op die groeivermoë en karkaseienskappe van die Dorperskape te bepaal. Manlike lammers (ramme and hamels) het twee keer vinniger (P<0.05) as ooilammers onder VK-toestande gegroei, terwyl kleiner verskille tussen geslagsgroepe by VD-diere waargeneem is. VK-lammers het swaarder karkasse (P=0.0003), hoër uitslagpersentasies (P<0.05) en meer karkas vet (P<0.052) as VD -lammers vertoon. Geen verskille as gevolg van produksiestelsel is op die sagtheid van vleis (soos aangedui deur Warner-Bratzler skeurkragwaardes) en die binnespierse vetinhoud gevind nie. Daarenteen het sensoriese analises aangedui dat vleis van VK-lammers sappiger en sagter as vleis van VD- lammers was. Die sensoriese paneel kon nie verskille aangaande die aroma en geur van vleis tussen VK- en VD-vleis onderskei nie. Cholesterolvlakke was hoër vir VK-lammers as by VD-lammers. Die vlak van palmitiese suur (C16:0) was hoër (P=0.0375) in die Longissimus dorsi (LD) spier van VK-lammers. Vir binnespierse vet van die Biceps femoris (BF) spier was g-linoleniese suur (C18:3n-6) hoër (P<0.0001) in VK-lammers. Resultate vir binnespierse vet van die BF spier het verder bewys dat ramlammers die hoogste (P=0.0019) palmitiese suur (C16:0) and totale onversadigde vetsure (P = 0.0014) getoon het, hamels die hoogste (P=0.0260) α-linoleniese suur (C18:3n-3) en g-linolenese suur (C18:3n-6) getoon het terwyl ooilammers die hoogste (P=0.0014) versadigde vetsuurvlakke getoon het. Linoliese suur (C18:2n-6c) was hoër (P=0.0067) in die onderhuidse vet van VK-lammers terwyl VD-lammers meer linoliese suur (C18:3n-3) gehad het. Resultate vir niervet het getoon dat VD-voeding die persentasies van steariese (C18:0), linoleladiese (C18:2n-6t), α-linoleniese (C18:3n-3) and homo-g-linoleniese suur (C20:3n-6) verhoog (P<0.05) het relatief tot VK-voeding. Linoliese suur (C18:2n-6c) is deur VK-voeding verhoog (P=0.0372). Vir intermuskulêre vet het VD-lammers hoër linoleniese suur (C18:3n-3) en versadigde vetsure (P=0.0113 en P=0.0341) as VK-lammers gehad. Die totale onversadigde vetsure vir tussenspiere vet was hoër (P=0.0341) in VK-lammers in vergelyking met VD-lammers. Resultate van hierdie studie dui daarop dat verbruikers nie noodwendig tussen vleis van VD- en VK-lammers sal onderskei nie, alhoewel hulle dalk teen die sigbaar vetter vleis van VK-lammers kan diskrimineer. Geen definitiewe voordeel in terme van menslike gesondheid kon op grond van die chemiese samestelling van die vleis bevestig word nie. Vinniger groei van VK-lammers, en die korter produksiesiklus wat daarmee verband hou, mag onder sekere produksie stelsels ŉ voordeel wees. Die voordeel moet teen die hoër koste van VK-voeding en die voorkeur van verbruikers vir lam produksie in natuurlike omgewing opgeweeg word.

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Linden, Danitsja Stephanie van der. "Ewe size and nutrition during pregnancy : effects on metabolic and productive performance of the offspring : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Animal Science at Massey University, Turitea, Palmerston North, New Zealand." Massey University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1343.

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Exposure of the fetus to adverse conditions in utero may result in developmental adaptations that alter metabolism and postnatal growth of the offspring. This thesis investigated the effects of dam size and nutrition during pregnancy on growth, metabolic function and lactational and productive performance of the female offspring to two years of age. Four-hundred and fifty heavy (60.8 kg ± 0.18) and 450 light (42.5 kg ± 0.17) dams were randomly allocated to ad libitum or maintenance nutritional regimens from days 21 - 140 of pregnancy, under pastoral grazing conditions. From one week prior to lambing, all dams were fed ad libitum until weaning. After weaning, female progeny were managed and fed under pastoral conditions as one group. Maternal nutrition during pregnancy affected lamb growth to weaning, however, after weaning lamb growth was affected by dam size. Dam size had no effect on glucose metabolism, adrenal function or fat metabolism in 16-month-old female twin offspring. Dam nutrition during pregnancy had a minor effect on glucose metabolism and no effect on adrenal function or lipolysis, however, it did possibly affect gluconeogenesis and/or glycogenolysis, with increased glucose production in ewes born to maintenance-fed dams. Ewes born to dams fed maintenance showed greater milk production, lactose percentage, lactose and crude protein yield. Ewes born to heavy dams showed greater milk production and lactose yield. Dam size had no effect on reproductive performance of the female offspring. Being born to a larger dam showed no advantages over being born to smaller dams, for number of lambs born and weight of lambs at birth and weaning. ‘Grand’dam maintenance nutrition increased lamb birth and weaning weight and lamb growth rates of the ‘grand’offspring. Ewes born to maintenance-fed dams could have an advantage over ewes born to ad libitum-fed dams in physiological stressful situations in life as their liver may be able to supply more glucose to support their growing conceptus and milk production to increase the chances of survival of their offspring. These results indicate that it is possible to programme the offspring by feeding their dams differently during pregnancy under grazing conditions. With a better understanding of how offspring can be programmed through different maternal nutritional regimens, it may be possible to significantly increase the production potential of the New Zealand ewe population.

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Seguis, Luc. "Recherche, pour le Sahel, d'une fonction de production journalière (lame précipitée-lame écoulée) et sa régionalisation." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37601144h.

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Campbell, Angus John Dugald. "The effect of time of shearing on wool production and management of a spring-lambing merino flock /." Connect to thesis, 2006. http://eprints.unimelb.edu.au/archive/00003254.

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Jiménez, Peñalver Pedro. "Sophorolipids production by solid-state fermentation: from lab-scale to pilot plant." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/458652.

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En aquest treball es proposa una tecnologia alternativa per a la producció de soforolípids (SLs), un tipus de biosurfactant, presentats com a alternativa als surfactants produïts químicament degut a la seva major eficiència i millor perfil mediambiental. En aquest treball s'han dut a terme dues estratègies per a millorar la relació de cost-eficiència dels SLs respecte als surfactants produïts químicament, que és el que determina la seva viabilitat econòmica. Ambdues estratègies estan basades en la producció de SLs mitjançant la fermentació en estat sòlid. La primera estratègia va consistir en el ús d’un residu de winterització (RW) amb l'objectiu de disminuir el preu dels substrats i, per tant, el cost final de producció dels SLs. Es va utilitzar melassa de sucre com a co-substrat i palla de blat com a suport inert. El procés va ser optimitzat en base al rati de substrats, la velocitat d’aeració i a la mida de l’inòcul a escala de 100-g, obtenint-se un rendiment de 0.261 g per g de substrat al dia 10. El procés optimitzat, va ser escalat satisfactòriament a un bioreactor de llit fix de 40-L, però posteriorment, es van observar problemes associats amb l'eliminació de calor durant l'escalat a un bioreactor de 100-L amb barreja intermitent. L'estructura química i les propietats interfacials de la barreja natural del SLs produït a partir del RW es va estudiar durant una estança al Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (NY, USA). La segona estratègia consistí en l'ús de àcid esteàric (C18:0) per a l'obtenció de SLs amb una estructura específica que millori les propietats fisicoquímiques de la barreja natural de SLs i, per tant, la seva eficiència. Es va utilitzar melassa de sucre com a co-substrat i escuma de poliuretà com a suport inert. L'efecte de la densitat de l'escuma de poliuretà i la capacitat de retenció hídrica van ser avaluades i el procés va ser optimitzat en base al rati de substrats e inòcul, obtenint-se un rendiment final de 0.211 g de SLs per g de substrat. Els SLs produïts contenien elevades quantitats de SLs C18:0. Es van observar correlacions significatives entre el rendiment de SLs i l’oxigen consumit (COA). Això suggereix que el COA pot ser utilitzat com a mesura indirecta de la producció de SLs per a la monitorització en línea de processos de FES. Aquesta tesi representa el començament d'una nova línia d'investigació centrada en la producció de SLs per FES en el Grup de Investigació en Compostatge (GICOM) del Departament d’Enginyeria Química, Biològica i Ambiental de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona.
En este trabajo se propone una tecnología alternativa para producir soforolípidos (SLs), un tipo de biosurfactante, presentados como alternativa a los surfactantes producidos químicamente debido a su mayor eficiencia y mejor perfil medioambiental. En este trabajo se han explorado dos estrategias para mejorar la relación coste-eficiencia de los SLs respecto a los surfactantes producidos químicamente, que es lo que determina su viabilidad económica. Ambas estrategias están basadas en la producción de SLs mediante la fermentación en estado sólido (FES) de Starmerella bombicola. La primera estrategia consistió en el uso de un residuo de winterización (RW) con el fin de disminuir el precio de los sustratos. Se utilizó melaza de azúcar como co-sustrato y paja de trigo como soporte inerte. El proceso fue optimizado en base a la ratio de sustratos, la velocidad de aireación y el tamaño del inóculo a escala de 100-g obteniendo un rendimiento de 0.261 g de SLs por g de sustrato a día 10. El proceso fue escalado satisfactoriamente a un biorreactor de lecho fijo de 40-L, pero se observaron problemas asociados con la eliminación del calor durante el escalado a un biorreactor de 100-L. Los SLs producidos a partir del RW fueron caracterizados durante una estancia en el Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI) en NY, EEUU. La segunda estrategia consistió en el uso de ácido esteárico (C18:0) para obtener SLs con una estructura específica que mejore las propiedades fisicoquímicas de la mezcla natural de SLs y, por tanto, su eficiencia. Se utilizó melaza de azúcar como co-sustrato y espuma de poliuretano como soporte inerte. Se evaluó el efecto de la densidad de la espuma de poliuretano y la capacidad de retención hídrica y el proceso fue optimizado en base a la ratio de sustratos e inóculo obteniendo un rendimiento final de 0.211 g de SLs por g de sustrato. Los SLs producidos presentaron contenidos elevados de SLs diacetilados C18:0 acídico y lactónico. Se observaron correlaciones significativas entre el rendimiento de SLs y el oxígeno consumido (COA). Esto sugiere que el COA puede ser usado como medida indirecta de la producción de SLs para la monitorización on-line de procesos de FES. Esta tesis representa el comienzo de una nueva línea de investigación centrada en la producción de SLs por FES en el Grupo de Investigación en Compostaje (GICOM) del Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Biológica y Ambiental de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona.
This work proposes a potential alternative approach to produce sophorolipids (SLs), a type of biosurfactant, which are presented as an alternative to chemically-produced surfactants due to their higher efficiency and better environmental compatibility. Two strategies have been performed in this work to increase their cost-performance relative to petroleum based surfactants, which determines their commercial viability. Both are based in the production of SLs by the solid-state fermentation (SSF) of solid hydrophobic substrates by the yeast Starmerella bombicola. The first strategy was to use winterization oil cake (WOC), an oil cake that comes from the oil refining industry, to decrease the price of the substrates and, therefore, the final production costs of SLs. Sugar-beet molasses was used as co-substrate and wheat straw was chosen as inert support. The process was optimized in terms of substrates ratio, aeration rate and inoculum size at 0.5-L scale to obtain a yield of 0.261 g of SLs per g of substrate at day 10. The optimized process was successfully scale-up to a 40-L packed-bed bioreactor but problems associated with heat removal were found during the scale-up to a 100-L intermittently-mixed bioreactor. The chemical structure and interfacial properties of the SL natural mixture produced from the WOC were studied during a research stay at the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI) in NY, USA. The second strategy consisted in the use of stearic acid (C18:0) to obtain SLs with a specific structure that improves the physicochemical properties of the SL natural mixture and, therefore, their performance. Sugar-beet molasses was used as co-substrate and polyurethane foam (PUF) functioned as inert support. The effect of PUF density and water holding capacity was assessed and the process was optimized in terms of substrate and inoculum ratio to obtain a final yield of 0.211 g of SLs per g of substrate. SLs produced herein had high contents of diacetylated acidic and lactonic C18:0 SLs. There were significant correlations between the SL yield and the oxygen consumed (COC). This suggests that the respiration parameter COC, can be used as an indirect measurement of the production of SLs for the on-line monitoring of SSF processes. This thesis represents the beginning of a new research line focused on the production of SLs by SSF in the Composting Research Group (GICOM) at the Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering of the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona.

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Karaoglan, Emre. "Experimental and numerical investigation of particle movement in a lab-scale spray coater." Nantes, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NANT070F.

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L’objectif de cette thèse est de développer une compréhension du mouvement des particules dans un spray coater à l’échelle laboratoire en termes de différentes conditions de fonctionnement, propriétés des matériaux et conception du réacteur. Le débit d’air et de sa distribution en passant par le réacteur ont été quantifiées en utilisant anémométrie à fil chaud. Les données expérimentales ont été utilisé pour construire un modèle standard d’écoulement turbulent k-e pour prédire le débit d’air. Le mouvement des particules a été mesuré en prenant en compte le débit d’air, la taille des particules, la charge du réacteur et le dessin d’intérieur du réacteur en utilisant la méthode « positron emission particle tracking » (PEPT) » en collaboration avec l’Université de Birmingham
Operation of fluidized bed particle coating processes are mainly based on empirical data and operator expertise despite their numerous applications in the industry. The objective of this thesis is to develop an understanding of particle motion in a lab scale spray coater in terms of various operating conditions, material properties and reactor design

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Herrera, Lopez Magin. "Determination of four production indicators in llama (Lama glama) herds in Ayllu Pumasara, Saucari, Oruro." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2004. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5376.

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Camelid exploitation, despite its economic antiquity in our nation, recently has awakened greater interest in investigators. Currently, there are more than 2,500,000 llamas in the Altiplano, which is the highest number of camelids on the world. Production is organic, with the llama capital of Bolivia being the department of Oruro. This work's objective is to determine four production parameters: composition and structure of llama herds, percentage of births, cria [calf] mortality, and crias that reach 5 months old, in 3 communities of Ayllu Pumasa of Saucar’ province, department of Oruro. The llama-raising system is traditional and herds contain more than 50 llamas per family. Exploitation of llama products still does not have much importance more than commercialization of llama meat in local markets. This study occurred with 9527 llamas from 60 herds, in which the composition of llamas by breed, class, age, and sex was determined, along with birth, mortality, and crias that reached 5 months old, through living in the communities that permitted specialized registration in adequate moments according to the llamas' behavior with families selected for this purpose. The analysis of variance reveals that the communities' composition is highly significant at P<0.01, as well as the communities' behavior, but the interaction between community and composition is not significant (P>0.05). The herds were composed of 26% lone females, 21% nursing females, 21% crias, 16% pregnant females, 13% ancutas, 2% studs, and 1% geldings. In reproductive management, the community does not intervene aside from pasturing in different properties to practice rotation during the rainy season. The breed composition in the communities is highly significant at P>0.01; the herds are of predominantly q'ara stock (42%), with hybrids at 39%, t'ajalli at 13%, and others at 6%. In the age observations, the females (nursing, pregnant, and alone) are animals more than 5 years old. The opposite occurs with the males, which are very young due to the commercialization of high-quality llama meat. Birth rates in the communities are not significant at P<0.01. The average is 34.01% with a 16.58% coefficient of variation. The communities' mortality is significant at P<0.01 between the communities, having an average of 2.58% mortality among llama herds. The variance analysis of crias reaching 5 months old at P<0.01 is not significant. The average was 92.51% in the communities' herds. The llama herds do not totally belong to the families living in the communities. The combined llamas belong to brothers and/or children (who live in the cities), and in some cases the community member is simply a guardian.

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17

Pareek, Tirusha. "Fed-batch bio-process development and optimization of cetuximab production at lab scale." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för biologisk grundutbildning, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-444795.

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18

Rath, Steffen Patrick. "Production and investigation of quasi-two-dimensional Bose gases." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00469991.

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Lorsqu'un gaz bosonique ultrafroid est fortement confiné selon une direction de l'espace, les degrés de liberté correspondants sont « gelés » et le gaz devient effectivement bidimensionnel. Le sujet principal de ce manuscrit de thèse est la production de ces gaz quasi-bidimensionnels avec un nouveau dispositif expérimental ainsi que leur étude subséquente. Le manuscrit se divise en deux parties dont la première est consacrée à la description du dispositif expérimental et des techniques qui nous permettent la production des gaz de Bose ultrafroids. Le cas particulier de la production (pour laquelle on se sert d'une lame de phase holographique) et l'étude des gaz de Bose quasi-bidimensionnels est discuté en détail dans la deuxième partie. Le but original des expériences décrites ici était de mesurer l'équation d'état du gaz de Bose quasi-bidimensionnel. Il s'est avéré que la méthode de l'imagerie par absorption, appliquée sur un tel gaz, donne naissance à des effets inattendus. Nous donnons une caractérisation détaillée ainsi que des éléments d'explication possibles de ces effets.

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19

Iposu, Shamsideen Oladeinde. "Effect of suckling on response to nematode parasites in young lambs." Diss., Lincoln University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/115.

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The series of experiments described in this thesis were designed to investigate the role of suckling or late weaning in the response of young lambs to nematode infection. All experiments were conducted outdoors with grazing animals and no supplementation but for suckled groups of lambs whose counterparts were weaned to ryegrass – white clover swards. The parasite of interest was mainly Teladorsagia circumcincta solely but with mixed infection of Trichostrongylus colubriformis in one instance. In Chapter 3 (first experiment), the hypothesis that milk per se may have a direct effect on nematode development, rather than an indirect effect through enhancement of host immunity by superior nutrient supply was tested. Sixty, twinborn lambs were used, allocated to one of eight groups formed by either dosing lambs from 42 days of age or not with the equivalent of 1000 or 250 L₃ T. circumcincta larvae d⁻¹ until five days before necropsy, while a twin was either weaned at 39 days of age, suckled as single or twin until necropsy on day 84. The possibility that weaning one of a twin set onto pasture in close proximity to the ewe would cause abnormal ewe and lamb behaviour was tested by replicating the work in twins maintained as twins but in which one twin received equivalent of 250 and the other 1000 L₃ T. circumcincta larvae d⁻¹. This showed no abnormal ewe nursing or lamb suckling behaviour as a result of weaning a twin in a set. Relatively low faecal egg counts (FEC) and a two to three fold lower worm burdens suggest suckling could reduce larval establishment. Inability to detect peripheral titres of immunoglobulins supports this conclusion. An intra worm-population regulation of T. circumcincta, indicated by a pattern of greater egg-laying by a numerically smaller but physiologically better developed nematode population in suckled lambs measured in eggs 'in utero' and worm length made interpretation of FEC difficult. Suckling significantly improved weight gain and carcass weights, but early weaning did not reduce resilience to infection. In Chapter 4 (second experiment), 40 pairs of twin lambs, average age of 39 days, were either infected with the equivalent of 1000 L₃ T. circumcincta larvae d⁻¹ or not, while one twin was weaned and the other allowed to continue suckling. Necropsy was carried out on groups of five and six lambs from each of the uninfected and infected treatments, respectively, at mean age of 84, 112, and on six lambs from each group at 140 days of age. This serial slaughter allowed further confirmation of the hypothesis in Chapter 3 but also investigated the long-term effect of suckling on resistance or resilience of lambs at the trial when immune responses were anticipated to be developing. An in vitro direct larval challenge (IVDC) study, to monitor larval establishment, was carried out on tissue explants from necropsied lambs. Suckled lambs consistently showed lower FEC (P < 0.05) and worm burdens (P < 0.05) at every phase of the trial. Within the infected groups, % in vitro larval rejection suggested earlier immune responses in the weaned lambs by day 84, which was not consistent with lower worm burdens in suckled lambs but appeared similar in the subsequent necropsies. Lambs continued to show better growth due to suckling while weaning did not reduce the resilience of lambs confirming observations in Chapter 3. The immunoglobulin profile suggested the commencement of immune responses in lambs from the period after the 84th day necropsy, with significantly greater (P < 0.01) IgA titre in the infected groups, and the suckled lambs towards the end of the trial on day 140. A vaccinating effect of early exposure to parasites was coincidentally revealed as a result of unintentional pasture larval contamination, seen in suckled non-infected lambs shedding fewer eggs and harbouring fewer worms during the later necropsies compared with their weaned non-infected counterparts. In Chapter 5 (third trial), 93 pairs of twin lambs, 47 pairs of which received a vaccinating mixed infection of T. circumcincta and T. colubriformis larvae (60 L₃ / kg W / d) at ratio 40:60, respectively during the period 36 – 103 days of age, were either weaned early on day 51 or later on day 108. All lambs were drenched on day 108 and groups received challenge infections from day 116, at same rate with the vaccinating infection, or not, which ceased five days before respective necropsies. Necropsies were carried out on selected lambs on days 108, 184 and 218. The direct effect of milk on larval establishment appeared to feature only in the T. circumcincta populations on slaughter day 108. The long-term benefit of late weaning for development of resistance was conditional on lambs receiving the vaccinating infection, and appeared to be more pronounced in the small intestine, reflected by a greater reduction of T. colubriformis populations in that organ than of T. circumcincta populations in the abomasum. A negative consequence of enhanced immune response was the suggestion of an increased metabolic cost in reduced performance of lambs. In conclusion, the work provides support to the hypotheses that: (a.) suckling may reduce the establishment of nematode larvae through the direct effect of milk, (b.) may enhance rapid development of host immunity to infection, and (c.) it further suggests that lack of larval experience during suckling may have long term negative implications for host resistance. Finally, it suggests that milk may play little role in the enhancement of host resilience to infection and, on the contrary, that additional metabolic cost may be associated with a more rapid development of immunity resulting from larval challenge while suckling.

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20

Vos, Pieter Johannes Andreas. "The effect of supplementary light on the productive performmance of dorper lambs fed intensively." Thesis, Bloemfontein : Central University of Technology, Free State, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/25.

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Thesis (M. Tech.) - Central University of Technology, Free State, 2010
The objective of this research study was to quantify the differences in average daily gain (ADG), back fat thickness (BFT), eye muscle area (EMA), fat thickness (FT) on different body parts, the feed conversion ratio (FCR) and body dimensions (by means of body measurements) of Dorper lambs exposed to supplemented light. For this study 120 Dorper lambs (115 ± 10 days old) weighing (29.76 ± 5.01kg) were used. The lambs were randomly divided into three homogeneous groups (20 castrated and 20 intact males). The three groups were then exposed to different levels of supplemented light at 145 lux (16h, 24h and normal photoperiod). The animals were fed ad libitum with pellets containing 9.5 MJ ME/kg DM and 12% CP in open pens. The animals were weighed every 7 days while ultrasound scanning of the EMA and the BFT was done at the beginning and the end of the 35 day trial. The ADG, FCR and feed intake (FI) were calculated at the end of the trial. Linear body measurements including shoulder height, body length and heart girth were taken at day 1 and day 35 respectively. All the animals were slaughtered at the end of the trail. The carcasses were then weighed, graded and the FT was measured with a caliper. The final results of the study showed that no significant differences between the three treatment groups (consisting of wethers and rams) in terms of body measurements, ultrasound scanning ADG and FCR could be detected. However, a significant difference was found between the wethers and the rams in the whole trial for ADG. The ADG of the rams exposed to 16 hours of supplemented light was significantly better than the normal photoperiod and the 24 hour light supplementation group.

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21

Latsky, Anneline. "Lab-scale optimisation of Kefir beverage production from mass-cultured and freeze-dried kefir grains." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50004.

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Thesis (MSc Food Sc)--Stellenbosch University, 2004.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Kefir is a fermented dairy beverage resulting from the fermentation of milk with reusable Kefir grains. The grains consist of a complex combination of lactic acid bacteria and yeasts in a symbiotic relationship, embedded in a polysaccharide matrix called kefiran. Various problems are experienced during the commercialisation of the ready-made Kefir beverage and, therefore, it is more advantageous to market the grains, enabling the consumer to produce the beverage at home. Kefir grains could be mass-cultured and then preserved by Iyohilisation for successful long-term storage and easy distribution, during commercialisation. The microbial balance of the Kefir grains changes during both mass-culturing and freeze-drying, which will have an influence on the sensory properties of the Kefir beverage produced. The aim of this study was the optimisation of the production of Kefir from mass-cultured grains and from freezedried mass-cultured grains respectively. The sensory characteristics of the fermented beverages produced from these mass-cultured and preserved grains were determined. Mass-cultured Kefir grains were activated and Kefir produced using nine methods with different activation times and temperatures, different grain:milk ratios (36, 72 and 108 g grains.l⁻¹) and with different heat-treated milks (pasteurised, double pasteerised and UHT). The best Kefir beverage was produced by activation of the grains at 22°C for two successive 24 h incubation periods, followed by Kefir production at 22°C for 18 h and a maturation period at 18°C for 6 h. The milk was replaced before every incubation period, excluding the maturation period, and the fermentation vessel was swirled five times at the start of fermentation and after 18 h. This method resulted in a sour beverage with a thick consistency and the characteristic effervescence and flavour of Kefir. The optimal grain:milk ratio was identified as 36 g grains.l⁻¹ and the best heat-treated milks for the production of Kefir beverage were UHT and double pasteurised milk. Mass-cultured Kefir grains were freeze-dried for 1, 2, 3 and 6 d and the moisture loss determined. Freeze-dried grains were rehydrated for 1, 2, 6, 12 and 18 h to determine the optimal rehydration time. A sensory analysis was performed to compare the properties of Kefir produced from mass-cultured grains (Me), freeze-dried mass-cultured grains that were rehydrated and activated (FDRA) and activated mass-cultured grains that were freeze-dried and rehydrated (AFDR). The chemical compositions of mass-cultured grains (MC), mass-cultured, freezedried grains (MCFD), mass-cultured, freeze-dried grains that were rehydrated and activated (FDRA) and activated mass-cultured grains that were freeze-dried and rehydrated (AFDR), were also investigated. The optimum time to freeze-dry grains was 2 d and to rehydrate freeze-dried gtains was 1 h. The sensory analysis indicated that Kefir beverages prepared from FDRA and AFDR grains did not differ significantly and were less fermented than Kefir produced from MC grains. It was concluded that Kefir with excellent sensory characteristics can be produced from mass-cultured grains. Freeze-drying is a better method to preserve Kefir grains than freezing due to mass loss during freezing and easier distribution and storage of freeze-dried grains. The supplementation of freeze-dried grains with additional lactic acid bacteria and yeast isolates should be investigated.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Kefir is 'n gefermenteerde suiwelproduk wat geproduseer word deur die fermentasie van melk met herbruikbare Kefirkorrels. Die korrels bestaan uit 'n komplekse kombinasie van melksuurbakterië en giste en is ingebed in 'n polisakkaried matriks genaamd kefiran. Verskeie probleme word ondervind met die kommersialisering van die klaar voorbereide Kefirdrankie en dit is meer voordelig om die korrels te bemark. Dit sal die verbruiker daartoe in staat stel om self Kefir tuis te produseer. Kefirkorrels kan in massa gekweek word en dan gevriesdroog word om langtermyn storing en verspreiding te vergemaklik tydens kommersialisering. Die spesifieke mikrobiese balans van die Kefirkorrels word tydens massakweking en vriesdroging versteur. Dus sal hierdie twee prosesse 'n invloed hê op die sensoriese eienskappe van die Kefir drankie geproduseer. Die doel van hierdie studie was die optimisering van die produksie van Kefir vanaf massagekweekte korrels en gevriesdroogde massagekweekte korrels. Die sensoriese karakteristieke van die Kefir geproduseer met hierdie korrels is ondersoek. Massagekweekte Kefirkorrels is geaktifeer en Kefir is geproduseer met nege verskillende metodes met variasies in die tyd en temperatuur kombinasies, verskillende korrel:melk verhoudings (36, 72 en 108g korrels.l⁻¹) en verskillende hittebehandelde melke (gepasteuriseerd, dubbel gepasteuriseer en UHT). Die beste Kefirdrankie is geproduseer deur die aktivering van die korrels by 22°C vir twee 24 h inkubasieperiodes, gevolg deur Kefir produksie by 22°C vir 18 uur en 'n verouderingsperiode by 18°C vir 6 h. Die melk was voor elke inkubasieperiode vervang, uitsluitende die verouderingsperiode. Die fermentasie houer is vyf maal gedraai aan die begin van fermentasie en na 12 h. Hierdie metode het gelei tot 'n drankie wat suur was met 'n dik konsistensie en die karakteristieke vonkeling en geur van Kefir. Die optimale korrel:melk ratio is geidentifiseer as 36 9 korrels.l⁻¹ en die verkieslike hittebehandelde melke is dubbel gepasteuriseerde en UHT melk. Massagekweekte Kefirkorrels was vir 1, 2, 3 en 6 dae gévriesdroog en die massaverlies is bepaal. Gevriesdroog korrels is gerehidreer vir 1, 2, 6, 12 en 18 h om die optimale rehidrasietyd te bepaal. 'n Sensoriese analise is uitgevoer om die eienskappe te vergelyk van Kefir geproduseer van massagekweekte korrels (MC), gevriesdroogde massagekweekte korrels wat gerehidreer en geaktiveer is (FDRA) en geaktiveerde massagekweekte korrels wat gevriesdroog en gerehidreed is (AFDR). Die chemiese samestelling van massagekweekte korrels (MC), massagekweekte, gevriesdroogde korrels (MCFD), massagekweekte, gevriesdroogde korrels wat gerehidreer en geaktiveer is (FDRA) en geaktiveerde massagekweekte korrels wat gevriesdroog en gerehidreer is (AFDR), is bepaal. Die optimum tydperk vir vriesdroging van korrels was 2 d en vir rehidrasie van gevriesdroogde korrels was 1 h. Die sensoriese analise het aangedui dat Kefir wat van FDRA en AFDR korrels geproduseer is, nie betekenisvol van mekaar verskil het nie, maar minder gefennenteerd was as Kefir wat van Me korrels geproduseer is. Die gevolgtrekking is gemaak dat 'n Kefirdrankie met uitstekende eienskappe geproduseer kan word met massagekweekte korrels. Vriesdroging is 'n beter metode as bevriesing om Kefirkorrels te preserveer a.g.v die ver1iesvan massa tydens bevriesing en die vergemakliking van vervoer en verspreiding van gevriesdroogde korrels. Die aanvulling van gevriesdroogde korrels met addisionele melksuurbakterieêen giste moet nog ondersoek word.

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22

Couillerot, Eric. "Etude de la bioproduction alcaloidique de suspensions cellulaires et de racines transformees de fagara zanthoxyloides lam. (rutaceae)." Reims, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994REIMP207.

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23

Garst, Sebastian, and n/a. "Design and production of polymer based miniaturised bio-analytical devices." Swinburne University of Technology, 2007. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au./public/adt-VSWT20071003.082618.

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The aim to provide preventive healthcare and high quality medical diagnostics and treatment to an increasingly ageing population caused a rapidly increasing demand for point-of-care diagnostic devices. Disposables have an advantage over re-usable units as cross-contamination is avoided, no cleaning and sterilising of equipment is required and devices can be used out of centralised laboratories. To remain cost-effective, costs for disposables should be kept low. This makes polymer materials an obvious choice. One method for the realisation of fluidic micro devices is the stacking of several layers of microstructured polymer films. Reel-to-reel manufacturing is a promising technique for high-volume manufacturing of disposable polymer bio-analytical devices. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and cycloolefin copolymer (COC) were selected as suitable polymer substrate materials and polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS) as membrane layer. Bonding of polymer films with the help of adhesives carries the risk of channel blocking. Despite this drawback, no other method of bonding PDMS to a structural layer could be identified. Bonding with solvents avoids channel blocking issues, but adversely affects biocompatibility. Thermal diffusion processes enable bonding of COC and PET without the use of any auxiliary material. The extensive process times requires for thermal diffusion bonding can be considerably shortened by pre-treating the material with plasma or UV exposure. Welding with the use of a laser energy absorbing dye was demonstrated to be particularly suitable for selective bonding around channels and reservoirs. None of the assessed bonding methods provide a generic solution to all bonding applications. Instead, the selection of an appropriate technique depends on the intended application and the required level of biocompatibility. Since this selection has implications on the feasibility and reliability of microfluidic structures on the device, design rules which ensure design for production have to be established and followed.

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24

Hanekom, Yvette. "The effect of extensive and intensive production systems on the meat quality and carcass characteristics of Dohne merino lambs." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/5385.

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Thesis (MSc Food Sc (Food Science))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of an extensive (free-range) and intensive (feedlot) production system on the consumer’s intrinsic preference cues (physical attributes, chemical composition, fatty acid profile, aroma, flavour, initial juiciness, sustained juiciness, first bite, residue, instrumental tenderness) for three muscles (Biceps femoris, Longissimus dorsi, Semimembranosus) of Dohne Merino lambs (8 months). Secondly to investigate the effect of natural exercise (grazing, extensive production systems) or restrictive movement (intensive production systems), on the muscle fiber type composition of the same lamb muscles and the subsequent effect on the meat quality characteristics. Intensively raised lambs produced carcasses with a significantly higher dressing percentage, thicker subcutaneous fat layer (13th rib and 3rd/4th lumbar vertebra) and a greater fat ratio (carcass composition). Meat of intensively raised lambs had a higher (p < 0.050) Homo-glinolenic (C20:3n6), Eicosapentaenoic (C20:5n3), Docosapentaenoic acid (C22:5n3) content and n3:n6 ratio. Extensively reared lambs had a higher (p < 0.050) slaughter weight, cold carcass weight and the meat of these lambs had a higher myoglobin content. Results of this study indicate that intensively reared lambs produced meat with more favourable sensory characteristics compared to the extensive production system as well as a significant increase in sensory tenderness for Biceps femoris muscle. Overall the Biceps femoris muscle was the muscle that was primarily affected by the treatment (production systems). The Biceps femoris from intensively raised lambs contained significantly more intramuscular fat and type IIB muscle fibers whereas the Bicpes femoris of the lambs from the extensive production system contained more (p < 0.050) insoluble collagen and type I muscle fibers. During texture profile analysis (instrumental tenderness test) the Longissimus dorsi and Semimembranosus of extensively raised lambs required a higher (p < 0.050) compression force during the first cycle of compression, indicating that these muscles are tougher. The results of this study provided valuable insight into the impact of production systems on lamb meat quality and that the application of intensive production systems will increase the sensory characteristics of the selected muscles from Dohne Merino lambs, especially the tenderness of the Biceps femoris, which has a high retail value. On the other hand health conscious consumers will prefer extensively produced meat due to the favourable n3:n6 ratio, intramuscular fat content and the presences of less visible fat (subcutaneous).
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie was tweedoelig en is uitgevoer op die Biceps femoris, Longissimus dorsi en Semimembranosus spiere van Dohne Merino lammers (8 maande oud). Die eerste doel van die studie was om te bepaal wat die effek van ‘n ekstensiewe (weiding) en intensiewe produksie sisteem sal wees op vleis verbruikers se algemene kwaliteit voorkeure (fisiese eienskappe, chemiese samestelling, vetsuur profile, aroma, smaak, sappigheid, taaiheid,). Tweedens om te bepaal tot watse mate natuurlike oefening, verkry deur weiding asook beperkte beweging as gevolg van voerkraal omstandighede, die spier vesel tipe samestelling sal verander en die direkte impak van die samestelling op kwaliteit eienskappe van vleis. Lammers van die intensiewe produksie sisteem het ‘n betekenisvolle verhoging in uitslagpersentasie, onderhuidse vet dikte (13de rib en 3de/4de lende werwel) en vet ratio (karkas samestelling) getoon. Die vleis van die lammers het meer (p < 0.050) C20:3n6, C20:5n3 en C22:5n3 vetsure bevat asook ‘n hoër n3:n6 ratio gehad. Lammers van die ekstensiewe produksie sisteem het ‘n betekenisvolle hoër slag en koue karkas gewig gehad. Die vleis van die lammers het meer (p < 0.050) mioglobien bevat as intensiewe lammers. Resultate van die studie dui aan dat die vleis van lammer van die intensiewe produksie sisteem meer gunstige sensories karakteristiek produseer in vergelyking met lammers van die ekstensiewe produksie sisteem, asook ‘n betekenisvolle verhoging in sensoriese sagtheid van die Biceps femoris spier. Die Biceps femoris was die spier in die studie wat die meeste geaffekteer was deur die behandeling (produksie sisteme). Die Biceps femoris spier van intensiewe lammers het meer intramuskulêre vet en tipe IIB spier vesels bevat teenoor die Biceps femoris van ekstensiewe lammers wat meer onoplosbare kollageen en tipe I spier vesels bevat het. Gedurende die tekstuur profiel analise (instrumentele sagtheid toets) het die Longissimus dorsi en Semimembranosus van ekstensiewe lammers a hoër kompressie krag vereis, wat aandui dat die spiere taaier is as die ooreenstemmende spiere van intensiewe lammers. Die resultate van die studie voorsien ons met waardevolle insig in die inpak van verskeie produksie sisteme op die kwaliteit van lams vleis. Die afleiding kan gemaak word dat die implementering van intensiewe produksie sisteem die sensoriese kwaliteit van die spiere van Dohne Merino lammers verbeter, veral die sagtheid van die Biceps femoris spier, wat ‘n hoë kommersiële waarde het. Laastens, gesondheidsbewus verbruikers sal verkies om vleis te koop van ekstensiewe lammers weens die gunstige n3:n6 ratio, spier vetinhoud en die minder sigbare vet (onderhuidse vet) op die vleis.

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25

Valtonen, Arto. "Change Lab : Att arbeta med lärande förändring." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för arbetsvetenskap och medieteknik, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-1465.

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In order to be able to change, to maintain competitiveness as a company in a world where rapid changes is part of the daily life, it is crucial to have knowledge and methods in how to change. One method, originally developed in Finland, is the Change Laboratory. This method is said to be efficient, not only concerning change aspects but also learning, since change and learning in this method is intertwined. This Master Thesis (20p.) tells about the process of conducting a Change Laboratory with a Swedish high-tech company and analyses factors in the process that makes change possible.
Detta Magisterarbete (20 poäng) berättar om processen kring ett Change Lab på ett svenskt high-tech företag och analyserar vilka faktorer i metoden som gör förändring möjlig.
0455-311143, -309097

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26

Awawda, Lama. "Design of an Electric Motor (PMSM) and Manufacturing Lab." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för ingenjörsvetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-20118.

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The thesis presents deals with the design, analysis, test and control of permanent magnetsynchronous motor(PMSM).An analytical model was carried out based on the d-q frame and the equivalent circuit of PMSM, theanalytical model gives an approximation value of the machine parameters and is carried out byequations from the listed references. this phase includes many iteration steps, once the results wereobtained they were compared with the motor specifications and if they don’t match the requiredspecifications the process must be done again until the desired design is obtained.Once the analytical model is obtained a Finite Element Simulation was carried out using FEMMsoftware to validate the design, in the FEM analysis in this phase the machine designed in theanalytical model is analyzed, once the simulation is done the results from both models are comparedand discussed in the results chapter.It’s important to mark that during the design phase some design parameters were affected andlimited by some factor, for example, the air gap length has been magnified due to manufacturinglimits.

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27

Awawda, Lama. "Design of an electric motor (PMSM) & manufacturing lab." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för ingenjörsvetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-20118.

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The thesis presents deals with the design, analysis, test and control of permanent magnetsynchronous motor(PMSM). An analytical model was carried out based on the d-q frame and the equivalent circuit of PMSM, theanalytical model gives an approximation value of the machine parameters and is carried out byequations from the listed references. this phase includes many iteration steps, once the results wereobtained they were compared with the motor specifications and if they don’t match the requiredspecifications the process must be done again until the desired design is obtained. Once the analytical model is obtained a Finite Element Simulation was carried out using FEMMsoftware to validate the design, in this phase the designed machine in the analytical model isanalyzed and validated, once the simulation is done the results from both models are compared anddiscussed in the results chapter. It’s important to mark that during the design phase some design parameters were affected andlimited by some factors, for example, the air gap length has been magnified due to manufacturinglimits. The manufacturing process and the prototype building have been started once the optimal designwas selected, the manufacturing process was explained and a comparison study was made to selectthe best manufacturing process suitable and available for this thesis.

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Moreno, Velázquez Iliana. "Aprovechamiento académico producto de las condiciones socioeconómicas y demográficas caso: LAM CU Texcoco." Tesis de Licenciatura, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/99103.

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En el presente trabajo de investigación se realizó un estudio para conocer las condiciones socioeconómicas y demográficas de los alumnos de LAM del CU UAEM Texcoco y conocer su nivel de influencia en el aprovechamiento académico.Se realizó una muestra estratificada en la que se seleccionaron 146 alumnos, 110 mujeres y 36 hombres, a quienes se les aplicó una encuesta para determinar su situación socioeconómica y demográfica, también se evaluó el rendimiento académico según el promedio individual de cada alumno y por último se determinó la relación existente entre dichas las variables de estudio.Encontrando que no existe una relación directa entre las condiciones socioeconómicas y demográficas y el aprovechamiento académico de los alumnos. Se muestra que el sexo femenino es predominante teniendo un 64.39%,también se indicó que el 64.37% de las familias de los alumnos perciben entre 1 y 3 salarios mínimos como ingreso total mensual;se mencionó además que el 34.00% de los alumnos encuestados provienen de otro municipio del Estado de México distinto a Texcoco y que de estos el 21.23% de los alumnos provienen de comunidades indígenas, de igual manera se presenta que el 45.19% de los alumnos reciben un monto semanal entre $300 y $500 para gastoen su educación y que de estos el 62.31% gasta hasta $40 en pasaje diario. Así mismo se indica que la distancia y el tiempo en que los alumnos tardan en llegar a la escuela no son determinantes en el aprovechamiento académico.

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Lund, Svein Sørlie. "Political regionalisation and oil production in Africa: the case of the LAPSSET Corridor." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96662.

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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study analyses regionalism in Africa from a theoretical and an applied perspective. The purpose of the study is to contribute to the critical and reflectivist corpus of theories of regionalism. This field is dominated by rationalist theories that are largely preoccupied with formal inter-‐state and market-‐driven processes of regional integration. The rationalist theoretical hegemony in academia and politics serves to reinforce and reproduce neoliberal ideology informing global political economic practices. This study illustrates the limitations and normative assumptions of these orthodox frames and demonstrates the multidimensionality of regionalisation. The study applies a combination of three critical reflectivist theories: the World Order Approach, the New Regionalism Approach and the New Regionalisms Approach/Weave-‐ world in an analysis of an ongoing regional oil and infrastructure project in East Africa called the Lamu Port, South Sudan and Ethiopia (LAPSSET) Corridor. The study’s primary research question investigates the extent to which oil production is driving the manifestation of (new) regionalism in East Africa, especially in terms of the LAPSSET Corridor, with secondary questions identifying the actors involved in this regionalisation, and what the theoretical framework reveals about the regionalisation in East Africa. After a review of some of the most influential theoretical contributions to the study of regions a critical reflectivist approach is suggested as an alternative to conventional rationalist theories. A broad historical overview of the East African region is elaborated with a focus on Uganda and Kenya, highlighting the social, cultural, political and economic evolution of the region before reflection on how forces of production relate to regime type in East Africa. Subsequently, a case study establishes an assessment of the historical and social construction of the LAPSSET Corridor. The objectives of the LAPSSET Corridor and its implementation mechanisms are scrutinised and viewed in comparison with its potential for inclusiveness of local participation and sustainable socio-‐economic development. Two important conclusions can be drawn from this study. The first is that oil production is critical in the current regionalisation in East Africa. However, the nature of this regionalisation flows contrary to other regional motives. The second conclusion is that the anti-‐reductionist and critical reflectivist approach is indeed essential to fully understand the variety of multi-‐level factors of structures and agency that influence regionalism and regionalisation in East Africa.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie analiseer regionalisme in Afrika vanaf ‘n teoretiese en ‘n toegepaste perspektief. Die doel van die studie is om by te dra tot die kritiese en reflektiwistiese liggaam van teorie oor regionalisme. Hierdie studieveld word gedomineer deur rasionalistiese teorieë wat meerendeels besig is met formele inter-‐staat en markgedrewe prosesse van regionale integrasie. Die rasionele teoretiese hegemonie in akademia en politiek versterk en herproduseer sodanig neoliberale ideologie wat global politiek-‐ekonomiese praktyk bepaal. Hierdie studie wys die beperkinge en normatiewe aannames van hierdie ortodokse beskouings uit, en ontbloot die multidimensionaliteit van regionalisering. Die studie pas ‘n mengsel van krities-‐reflektivistiese teorieë toe: die Wêreldorde Benadering, die Nuwe Regionalisme Benadering, en die “Verweefde Wêreld” Benadering in ‘n analise van die regionale olie en infrastruktuurprojek in Oos-‐ Afrika wat die “Lamu Port, South Sudan and Ehtiopia” (LAPSSET) Korridor genoem word. Die studie se primêre navorsingsvraag fokus op die mate waartoe olieproduksie die manifestering van (nuwe) regionalisme in Oos-‐Afrika dryf, veral in terme van die LAPSSET Korridor, met sekondêre vrae om die akteurs te identifiseer wat betrokke is by hierdie regionalisering, en wat die teoretiese benadering blootlê aangaande die regionalisering in Oos-‐Afrika. Na ‘n oorsig van die belangrikste teoretiese bydraes tot die studie van streke word ‘n krities-‐reflekiwistiese benadering voorgestel as ‘n alternatief vir konvensionele rasionele teorieë. ‘n Breë historiese oorsig van die Oos-‐Afrika streek word verskaf, met ‘n fokus op Uganda en Kenia, en dit beklemtoon die sosiale, kulturele, politieke en ekonomiese ontwikkeling van die streek voordat ‘n oordenking van hoe die magte van produksie betrekking het op regimetipe in Oos-‐Afrika. Voorts verskaf die gevallestudie ‘n oorsig van die historiese en sosiale daarstel van die LAPSSET Korridor. Die doelwitte van die LAPSSET Korridor en sy implementeringsmeganismes word geëvalueer en beskou in vergelyking met sy potensiaal vir die insluiting van plaaslike deelname en volhoubare sosio-‐ekonomiese ontwikkeling. Die studie maak twee belangrike gevolgtrekkings moontlik. Die eerste is dat olieproduksie krities belangrik is in die huidige regionalisering in Oos-‐Afrika. Maar tog is die aard van die regionaliseringspatrone teenstrydig met ander streeksmotiverings. Die tweede gevolgtreking is dat die teen-‐reduksionistiese en krities-‐reflektiwistiese benaderings wel sentraal staan tot ‘n volle beskouing van die verskeidenheid van veelvlakkige faktore wat regionalisme en regionalisering in Oos-‐Afrika beïnvloed.

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Schiller, Katja [Verfasser], and Jörn [Akademischer Betreuer] Bennewitz. "Phenotypic and genetic analysis of meat production traits in German Merinoland purebred and crossbred lambs / Katja Schiller ; Betreuer: Jörn Bennewitz." Hohenheim : Kommunikations-, Informations- und Medienzentrum der Universität Hohenheim, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1124051740/34.

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Karki, Bishnu. "Deep Exclusive π⁰ Electroproduction Measured in Hall A at Jefferson Lab with the Upgraded CEBAF." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1588341861794159.

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Ha, Jae-Kyung. "Can a girl's best friend be born in a lab? the role of ritual in production process conservatism." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/86261.

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Thesis: S.M. in Management Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2013.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 35-38).
A number of studies suggest that people may care about the process by which a product is made, even when it is not associated with the quality of the product. A common example of this preference is "production-process conservatism," whereby consumers prefer products made via traditional practices rather than those made via new practices. However, it is not clear what mechanism drives such conservatism and it is difficult to rule out the possibility that it is due to differences in product quality. We focus on the context of diamond jewelry, where consumers have generally been resistant to diamonds that are identical to mined diamonds but are produced in a laboratory. We argue that this resistance derives from the use of a product in the performance of a social ritual, where deviation from the traditional rules of the ritual carries the risk that one will signal a lack of commitment or cultural competence. In particular, we expect consumers to be more resistant to lab-created diamonds when they buy diamond jewelry for an engagement gift, compared to when they buy diamond jewelry for a more routine gift. Our hypothesis is tested in a series of online experiments. The experiments provide evidence for our argument, and, in particular, females who ever married show the strongest resistance to labcreated diamonds in a ritual condition, compared to when they are in a gift-giving condition. We conclude by discussing theoretical implications of these findings and the mechanism underlying ritual reinforcement for future research. Keywords: production process, ritual, risk, symbol, engagement, lab-created diamond.
by Jae-Kyung Ha.
S.M. in Management Research

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Roman, Juliano. "Relação planta-animal em diferentes intensidades de pastejo com ovinos em azevém anual (Lolium multiflorum Lam.)." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2006. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/10895.

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This work aimed to evaluate the utilization of different grazing intensity on the productive and structural characteristics of pasture and on the ingestive behaviour and performance of sheep in continuous grazing. The treatment were different herbage masses (HM) in Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) pasture: LHM: 1000-1200 kg/ha of dry matter (DM); IHM: 1400-1600 kg/ha DM; HHM: 1800-2000 kg/ha DM. The experimental design was the randomly complete, with three treatments and two area replicates. The data were submitted at the regression analysis in function of HM observed in the experimental units: 1136.8, 1190.9, 1359.2, 1375, 1556 e 1739.1 kg/ha DM. The values of leaf lamina mass, pseudostem mass, forage allowance, leaf lamina allowance, sward height, pseudostem height, leaf lamina depth and average daily gain increased linearly with increase of HM (P<0.10). Quadratic effect (P<0.10) in herbage production, herbage losses and herbage disappearance were observed. The stocking rate (kg/ha of live weight and hoggets/ha) and bite rate decreased linearly with increase of HM (P<0.10). No HM effects (P>0.10) on the tiller population density, herbage daily accumulation rate, percentage of pasture utilization, herbage intake, grazing time, ruminating time, idle time, number of daily bite, bite mass, body condition score gain, live weight gain per area and conversion efficiency of forage in live weight were observed. Herbage mass varying among 1136.8 a 1739.1 hg/ha DM in Italian ryegrass pasture affect the herbage production and herbage losses, without influence in the percentage of pasture utilization, weight gain per area and conversion efficiency of forage in animal product. The main factor determining individual performance of animals is the leaf lamina layer depth
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a utilização de diferentes intensidades de pastejo sobre as características produtivas e estruturais da pastagem e sobre o comportamento ingestivo e desempenho de ovinos em pastejo contínuo. Os tratamentos foram diferentes massas de forragem (MF) em pastagem de azevém anual (Lolium multiflorum Lam.): MFB: 1000-1200 kg/ha de matéria seca (MS); MFI: 1400-1600 kg/ha MS; MFA: 1800-2000 kg/ha MS. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com três tratamentos e duas repetições de área. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de regressão em função das MF observadas nas unidades experimentais: 1136,8, 1190,9, 1359,2, 1375, 1556 e 1739,1 kg/ha MS. Os valores de massa de lâminas foliares e de pseudocolmo, oferta de forragem e de lâminas foliares, altura de dossel e de pseudocolmo, profundidade de lâminas foliares e ganho médio diário aumentaram linearmente com aumento da MF (P<0,10). Houve efeito quadrático (P<0,10) para produção, perdas e desaparecimento de forragem. A carga animal (kg/ha PV), taxa de lotação (borregas/ha) e taxa de bocadas diminuíram linearmente com o aumento da MF (P<0,10). Não houve efeito das MF avaliadas (P>0,10) na densidade populacional de perfilhos, taxa de acumulação diária de forragem, porcentagem de utilização da pastagem, consumo de forragem, tempos de pastejo, ruminação e ócio, número diário de bocadas, massa de bocado, ganho de condição corporal, ganho de peso vivo por área e eficiência de conversão de forragem em peso vivo. Massas de forragem variando de 1136,8 a 1739,1 kg/ha MS em pastagem de azevém afetam a produção e perdas de forragem, sem influenciar a porcentagem de utilização da pastagem, o ganho de peso vivo por área e a eficiência de transformação da forragem em produto animal. O principal fator determinante do desempenho individual dos animais é a profundidade da camada de lâminas foliares

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López, Zurita Jhanet del Rocío, and Herrera Laura Vanesa Quiñones. "Estudio del mercado norteamericano para la comercialización de Moringa oleífera lam como producto nutracéutico." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo, 2013. http://tesis.usat.edu.pe/handle/usat/131.

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Este proyecto de tesis surge al comprobar la existencia de toneladas de moringa disponibles en el Perú y el incremento de producción de la misma que desafortunadamente no se vincula con la demanda nacional de aquella; debido al desconocimiento, escasa valoración y el hábito de consumo poco desarrollado de nutracéuticos en el país, que creemos es una de las formas de consumo más coherentes con las potencialidades de la moringa (como nutracéutico). EE.UU., por otro lado, al representar uno de los mercados más competitivos en cuanto a la comercialización de nutracéuticos creímos podría dar respuesta a tal disyuntiva. Este informe, por tanto, tuvo como objetivo general, determinar la existencia de una oportunidad de mercado para la moringa oleífera procedente de Perú en el segmento de nutracéuticos de EE.UU. Este a su vez fue dividido en 7 objetivos específicos, que en resumen buscaron demostrar las cualidades de la moringa como producto nutracéutico además de evaluar la viabilidad del mercado a ofertarla en temas de reglamentación comercial; volumen, estructura y crecimiento del mismo; competencia; precios y estructura de acuerdo a los del segmento; canales de distribución más rentables y comportamiento de consumidores finales. Cada uno de ellos fue medido de forma distinta pero que en conjunto respondieron a variados análisis de entrevistas de expertos en temas de moringa, análisis cuantitativos para temas de proyecciones y datos claves procesados de estudios norteamericanos del segmento de nutracéuticos en la actualidad, entre otros. Así pues, se obtuvo como conclusión final la efectiva oportunidad de mercado por cada uno de estos objetivos.
Tesis

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López, Zurita Jhanet del Rocío, Herrera Laura Vanesa Quiñones, Zurita Jhanet del Rocío López, and Herrera Laura Vanesa Quiñones. "Estudio del mercado norteamericano para la comercialización de Moringa oleífera lam como producto nutracéutico." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo, 2013. http://tesis.usat.edu.pe/jspui/handle/123456789/166.

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Trabajo de suficiencia profesional
Este proyecto de tesis surge al comprobar la existencia de toneladas de moringa disponibles en el Perú y el incremento de producción de la misma que desafortunadamente no se vincula con la demanda nacional de aquella; debido al desconocimiento, escasa valoración y el hábito de consumo poco desarrollado de nutracéuticos en el país, que creemos es una de las formas de consumo más coherentes con las potencialidades de la moringa (como nutracéutico). EE.UU., por otro lado, al representar uno de los mercados más competitivos en cuanto a la comercialización de nutracéuticos creímos podría dar respuesta a tal disyuntiva. Este informe, por tanto, tuvo como objetivo general, determinar la existencia de una oportunidad de mercado para la moringa oleífera procedente de Perú en el segmento de nutracéuticos de EE.UU. Este a su vez fue dividido en 7 objetivos específicos, que en resumen buscaron demostrar las cualidades de la moringa como producto nutracéutico además de evaluar la viabilidad del mercado a ofertarla en temas de reglamentación comercial; volumen, estructura y crecimiento del mismo; competencia; precios y estructura de acuerdo a los del segmento; canales de distribución más rentables y comportamiento de consumidores finales. Cada uno de ellos fue medido de forma distinta pero que en conjunto respondieron a variados análisis de entrevistas de expertos en temas de moringa, análisis cuantitativos para temas de proyecciones y datos claves procesados de estudios norteamericanos del segmento de nutracéuticos en la actualidad, entre otros. Así pues, se obtuvo como conclusión final la efectiva oportunidad de mercado por cada uno de estos objetivos.

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López, Zurita Jhanet del Rocio, and Herrera Laura Vanesa Quiñones. "Estudio del mercado norteamericano para la comercialización de Moringa oleífera lam como producto nutracéutico." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12423/131.

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Este proyecto de tesis surge al comprobar la existencia de toneladas de moringa disponibles en el Perú y el incremento de producción de la misma que desafortunadamente no se vincula con la demanda nacional de aquella; debido al desconocimiento, escasa valoración y el hábito de consumo poco desarrollado de nutracéuticos en el país, que creemos es una de las formas de consumo más coherentes con las potencialidades de la moringa (como nutracéutico). EE.UU., por otro lado, al representar uno de los mercados más competitivos en cuanto a la comercialización de nutracéuticos creímos podría dar respuesta a tal disyuntiva. Este informe, por tanto, tuvo como objetivo general, determinar la existencia de una oportunidad de mercado para la moringa oleífera procedente de Perú en el segmento de nutracéuticos de EE.UU. Este a su vez fue dividido en 7 objetivos específicos, que en resumen buscaron demostrar las cualidades de la moringa como producto nutracéutico además de evaluar la viabilidad del mercado a ofertarla en temas de reglamentación comercial; volumen, estructura y crecimiento del mismo; competencia; precios y estructura de acuerdo a los del segmento; canales de distribución más rentables y comportamiento de consumidores finales. Cada uno de ellos fue medido de forma distinta pero que en conjunto respondieron a variados análisis de entrevistas de expertos en temas de moringa, análisis cuantitativos para temas de proyecciones y datos claves procesados de estudios norteamericanos del segmento de nutracéuticos en la actualidad, entre otros. Así pues, se obtuvo como conclusión final la efectiva oportunidad de mercado por cada uno de estos objetivos.
Tesis

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Hollinshead, Fiona Kate. "FLOW-CYTOMETRIC SORTING OF RAM SPERMATOZOA: PRODUCTION OF LAMBS OF A PRE-DETERMINED SEX USING IN VIVO AND IN VITRO FERTILISATION." University of Sydney, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/566.

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Abstract Birth of offspring of a pre-determined sex using flow cytometrically sorted fresh spermatozoa was first achieved in rabbits by Johnson et al. (1989). Since then offspring have been produced using sex-sorted spermatozoa from several different species (reviewed by Johnson, 2000). Initially, efficiency of the sex-sorting technology was poor with only low numbers of spermatozoa sorted per hour. Thus, the offspring derived from flow cytometrically sorted spermatozoa were produced with the use of artificial reproductive technologies (ART) such as in vitro fertilisation (IVF) and culture (IVC), intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and deep artificial insemination (AI) which facilitated low dose insemination of potentially compromised spermatozoa. More recently, the development of high-speed sorters (Johnson and Welch, 1999) has facilitated the production of offspring using conventional AI techniques with low dose inseminates (Seidel et al., 1999) and successful cryopreservation of sorted spermatozoa (Schenk et al., 1999; Johnson et al., 2000; Lindsey et al., 2002; Schenk and DeGrofft, 2003). Increased efficiency of sorting bull spermatozoa has evolved through significant instrumentation and biological developments which have enabled the commercialization of the sperm sexing technology in the dairy industry, although conception rates in cows after low dose AI with sexed frozen-thawed spermatozoa are still lower than after standard frozen semen AI (Seidel et al., 1999). Subsequently, over 20 000 calves of pre-determined sex have been produced from commercially available sex-sorted frozen-thawed bull spermatozoa (Seidel, 2003). However, similar developments have not been made in the sheep industry and were examined in this thesis. In this study, successful cryopreservation of sex-sorted ram spermatozoa and production of offspring of the pre-determined sex (X: 94.4 %; Y: 100 %) was achieved after low dose (2-4 x 106 total) insemination using conventional laparoscopic intrauterine (IU) AI. However, the overall pregnancy rate for ewes inseminated with sex-sorted frozen-thawed spermatozoa was low (25 %) compared to ewes inseminated with a commercial dose (140 x 106 total) of non-sorted frozen-thawed spermatozoa (54 %). Cryopreservation has been found to not only reduce the proportion of motile spermatozoa, but cause the remaining spermatozoa to undergo changes that advance membrane maturation thereby shortening their lifespan, especially after in vivo fertilisation (Gillan and Maxwell, 1999). It was found that sorting prior to cryopreservation accelerated the maturation of sperm membranes and after co-incubation with oviducal cells in vitro, sorted frozen-thawed spermatozoa were released more rapidly than non-sorted (control) frozen-thawed spermatozoa. The potentially reduced lifespan of sorted frozen-thawed spermatozoa, and practical constraints on the number of spermatozoa that can be sorted for an insemination dose, makes insemination close to the site of fertilisation and time of ovulation critical for successful fertilisation. After treatment of ewes with GnRH to increase the precision of insemination in respect to the time of ovulation, there was no difference in pregnancy rate between ewes inseminated before, during or after the assumed time of ovulation. Furthermore, there was no difference in pregnancy rate after IU AI with similar doses of sorted frozen-thawed and non-sorted frozen-thawed spermatozoa in GnRH-treated ewes. The minimum dose of sorted frozen-thawed spermatozoa required for commercially acceptable pregnancy rates determined after IU AI was high (20 x 106 motile). Consequently, alternative methods for efficiently producing large numbers of offspring of a pre-determined sex using flow cytometrically sorted ram spermatozoa were investigated. Ram spermatozoa can be stored for short periods of time in a chilled state (liquid storage) or for an indefinite period of time in a frozen state (frozen storage; Salamon and Maxwell, 2000). The fixed location of the sperm sorter requires the need for transport of semen from the point of collection to the site of sorting and processing, but also from the sperm sorter site to the recipient females under artificial conditions. In this study, ram spermatozoa liquid stored for 24 h prior to sorting were efficiently sorted, frozen, thawed and after in vitro fertilisation and culture produced a high proportion of grade 1 blastocysts. Similarly, spermatozoa stored at reduced temperatures after sorting maintained high sperm quality for up to 6 days. Furthermore, frozen-thawed spermatozoa from rams and some non-human primates were successfully prepared for sorting and efficiently sorted producing spermatozoa with high quality in vitro parameters. The quality of frozen-thawed ram spermatozoa after sorting was such that successful re-cryopreservation after sorting was possible. Low numbers of frozen-thawed sorted and re-frozen and thawed spermatozoa were optimal for IVF and a high proportion of grade 1 in vitro embryos of a pre-determined sex were produced. These embryos were either transferred immediately or vitrified prior to transfer, extending the application of the sperm sexing technology further. The birth of lambs of pre-determined sex after transfer of both fresh and vitrified embryos derived from frozen-thawed sorted spermatozoa was achieved. The findings in this thesis suggest that sorted frozen-thawed ram spermatozoa may have more advanced membrane maturation state than non-sorted frozen-thawed spermatozoa, resulting in a decreased fertilizing lifespan in the female reproductive tract. Despite this, the use of sexed ram spermatozoa in a number of physiological states (fresh, liquid, frozen) with several different ARTs is possible in producing significant numbers of offspring of a pre-determined sex. Improved efficiency in both sperm sexing and associated reproductive technologies is required for commercialization to be achieved in the sheep industry.

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Herrera, López Magín. "Determinación de cuatro indicadores productivos en la tama de llamas (Lama glama) en el ayllu Pumasara, Saucari, Oruro." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2004. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/u?/Benson,9145.

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Thesis (Ing.)--Universidad Católica Boliviana "San Pablo". Unidad Acade̕mica Campesina Tiahuanaco, Carrera Ingeniería Zootécnica, 2004.
Reproduced from copy at BYU's Benson Institute. Includes glossary: (leaves a-d). Includes bibliographical references (leaves 68-69).

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Paucar, Chanca Rufino. "Caracterización estructural, zoométrica, productiva y genética de la población de llamas de la región de Huancavelica del Perú." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671382.

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L’estructura de les explotacions de llames ubicades a les 7 províncies de la regió de Huancavelica, ha estat caracteritzada mitjançant una enquesta a 145 propietaris. Es va utilitzar un qüestionari que abastava aspectes com ara característiques econòmiques, característiques dels ramats, mà d’obra, maneig de l’alimentació, maneig reproductiu, maneig sanitari, maneig genètic i comercialització. El sistema de producció és extensiu, les explotacions són de tipus familiar, els ramats són de mida petita, unes 27 llames de mitjana, sent freqüent la presència d’altres espècies ramaderes. S’han identificat 3 grups d’explotacions amb diferent grau d’accés als recursos: terra, treball i capital, el que condiciona les estratègies seguides per les explotacions en relació a la diversificació, les espècies predominants i el maneig de la ramaderia. Per tal d’establir l’estàndard morfològic quantitatiu de la llama, es van prendre 20 mesures biomètriques (cefàliques, del tronc i de les extremitats) de 442 llames (314 femelles i 128 mascles) de diferents edats, les quals van ser triades a l’atzar en set províncies de la regió de Huancavelica. També, amb la finalitat de dilucidar amb més precisió les proporcions corporals que al seu torn indiquin les seves aptituds, es van calcular 13 índexs zoomètrics (etnològics i funcionals) a partir de les 20 mesures biomètriques esmentades. Les mesures zoomètriques tendeixen a augmentar amb l’edat, estimada aquesta a través de la dentició. El sexe influeix només en algunes mesures zoomètriques, evidenciant que aparentment hi ha dimorfisme sexual en menor grau en llames. Les llames de la regió de Huancavelica, d’acord amb els índexs zoomètrics, són animals mesolinis, amb tòrax el·líptic, dolicocèfals i de gropa convexilínia. D’acord amb els índexs zoomètrics funcionals tendeixen a una orientació càrnia. A fi de conèixer les característiques tèxtils de les fibres (després del descerdado) de les llames de la regió de Huancavelica, es va obtenir mostres de fibres de 437 llames (310 femelles i 127 mascles) de diferents edats, les quals van ser triades a l’atzar de set províncies de la regió de Huancavelica. La carda va permetre obtenir fibres més fines i homogènies, amb major factor de confort (menor factor de picor) i major índex de curvatura. D’altra banda, per obtenir algunes característiques productives càrnies de les llames, es van utilitzar registres productius del Centre d’Investigació i Desenvolupament de Camèlids Sud-americans - Lachocc (CIDCS - Lachocc) de la Universitat Nacional de Huancavelica (UNH) . També es van obtenir mesures de canal de 45 llames adultes a l’escorxador de la província de Huancavelica. Es va observar que les llames tenen bones aptituds càrnies d’acord amb els índexs zoomètrics funcionals i a les principals característiques productives càrnies. Es va avaluar la diversitat genètica mitjançant l’anàlisi de 22 marcadors de tipus microsatèl·lit en 109 llames procedents de 5 províncies de la regió de Huancavelica. La variabilitat genètica trobada va ser alta, amb una heterozigosi esperada de 0,68 ± 0,014 a través de tots els loci, i un nombre mitjà d’al·lels per locus de 6. En el conjunt de la població, la heterozigosis esperada i l’observada van tenir el mateix valor numèric i pot considerar-se que les llames de la regió de Huancavelica es troben en equilibri HW. La proporció de la variabilitat genètica explicada per les diferències entre les subpoblacions de llames de la regió de Huancavelica és moderada (FST = 0,1). Segons aquest paràmetre, el 90% de la variància en les freqüències al·lèliques s’expressa dins de cada província i només el 10% de la variància s’atribueix a diferències entre subpoblacions.
La estructura de las explotaciones de llamas ubicadas en las 7 provincias de la región de Huancavelica, ha sido caracterizada mediante una encuesta a 145 propietarios. Se utilizó un cuestionario que abarcaba aspectos tales como características económicas, características de los rebaños, mano de obra, manejo en la alimentación, manejo reproductivo, manejo sanitario, manejo genético y comercialización. El sistema de producción es extensivo, las explotaciones son de tipo familiar, los rebaños son de pequeño tamaño, unas 27 llamas en promedio, siendo frecuente la presencia de otras especies ganaderas. Se han identificado 3 grupos de explotaciones con diferente grado de acceso a los recursos: tierra, trabajo y capital, lo que condiciona las estrategias seguidas por las explotaciones en relación a la diversificación, las especies predominantes y el manejo del ganado. Con el fin de establecer el estándar morfológico cuantitativo de la llama, se tomaron 20 medidas biométricas (cefálicas, del tronco y de las extremidades) de 442 llamas (314 hembras y 128 machos) de diferentes edades, las cuales fueron elegidas al azar en siete provincias de la región de Huancavelica. También con la finalidad de dilucidar con mayor precisión las proporciones corporales que a su vez indiquen sus aptitudes, se calcularon 13 índices zoométricos (etnológicos y funcionales) a partir de las 20 medidas biométricas mencionadas. Las medidas zoométricas tienden a aumentar con la edad, estimada ésta a través de la dentición. El sexo influye solo en algunas medidas zoométricas, evidenciando aparentemente que existe dimorfismo sexual en menor grado en llamas. Las llamas de la región de Huancavelica, de acuerdo a los índices zoométricos son animales mesolíneos, con tórax elíptico, dolicocéfalos y de grupa convexilínea. De acuerdo a los índices zoométricos funcionales tienden a una orientación cárnica. A objeto de conocer las características textiles de las fibras (después del descerdado) de las llamas de la región de Huancavelica, se obtuvo muestras de fibras de 437 llamas (310 hembras y 127 machos) de diferentes edades, las cuales fueron elegidas al azar de siete provincias de la región de Huancavelica. El descerdado permitió obtener fibras más finas y homogéneas, con mayor factor de confort (menor factor de picazón) y mayor índice de curvatura. Por otro lado, para obtener algunas características productivas cárnicas de las llamas, se utilizaron registros productivos del Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo de Camélidos Sudamericanos - Lachocc (CIDCS - Lachocc) de la Universidad Nacional de Huancavelica (UNH). También se obtuvieron medidas de canal de 45 llamas adultas en el matadero de la provincia de Huancavelica. Se observó que las llamas tienen buenas aptitudes cárnicas de acuerdo a los índices zoométricos funcionales y a las principales características productivas cárnicas. Se evaluó la diversidad genética mediante el análisis de 22 marcadores de tipo microsatélite en 109 llamas procedentes de 5 provincias de la región de Huancavelica. La variabilidad genética encontrada fue alta, con una heterocigosis esperada de 0,68 ± 0,014 a través de todos los loci, y un número medio de alelos por locus de 6. En el conjunto de la población, la heterocigosis esperada y la observada tuvieron el mismo valor numérico y puede considerarse que las llamas de la región de Huancavelica se encuentran en equilibrio HW. La proporción de la variabilidad genética explicada por las diferencias entre las subpoblaciones de llamas de la región de Huancavelica es moderada (FST = 0,1). Según este parámetro el 90% de la varianza en las frecuencias alélicas se expresa dentro de cada provincia y solo el 10% de la varianza se atribuye a diferencias entre subpoblaciones.
The structure of the llama farms located in 7 provinces of the Huancavelica region has been characterized by a survey of 145 owners. A questionnaire was used that covered aspects such as economic characteristics, herd characteristics, labor, feeding management, reproductive management, sanitary management, genetic management and commercialization. The production system is extensive, the farms are family type, the herds are small, about 27 llamas on average, and the presence of other livestock species is frequent. Three groups of farms have been identified with different degrees of access to resources: land, labor and capital, which conditions the strategies followed by the farms in relation to diversification, predominant species and livestock management. In order to establish the quantitative morphological standard of the llama, 20 biometric measurements were taken (cephalic, trunk and limb measurements) of 442 llamas (314 females and 128 males) of different ages, which were randomly selected from seven provinces of the Huancavelica region. Also in order to elucidate more precisely the body proportions that in turn indicate their abilities, 13 zoometric indexes (ethnological and functional) were calculated from the 20 biometric measurements mentioned. Zoometric measurements tend to increase with age, estimated through the dentition. Sex influences only some zoometric measurements, apparently showing that there is sexual dimorphism to a lesser degree in llamas. The llamas of the Huancavelica region, according to the zoometric indices are mesolinoid animals, with elliptical thorax, dolichocephalous and convex group. According to the functional zoometric indexes, they tend to have a meat orientation. In order to know the textile characteristics of the fibers (after de-bristle) of the llamas of the Huancavelica region, fiber samples were obtained from 437 llamas (310 females and 127 males) of different ages, which were randomly selected from 7 provinces of the Huancavelica region. The de-bristling process allowed obtaining finer and more homogeneous fibers, with a higher comfort factor (less itching factor) and a higher curvature index. On the other hand, in order to obtain some meat production characteristics of the llamas, production records from the South American Camelid Research and Development Center - Lachocc (CIDCS - Lachocc) of the National University of Huancavelica (UNH) were used. We also obtained carcass measurements of 45 adult llamas in the slaughterhouse of Huancavelica province. It was observed that the llamas have good meat aptitudes according to the functional zoometric indexes and the main meat production characteristics. Genetic diversity was evaluated by analyzing 22 microsatellite markers in 109 llamas from 5 provinces in the Huancavelica region. The genetic variability found was high with an expected heterozygosity of 0.68 ± 0.014 across all loci and an average number of alleles per locus of 6. In the whole population, the expected and observed heterozygosity had the same numerical value and it can be considered that the llamas of the Huancavelica region are in HW equilibrium. The proportion of genetic variability explained by the differences between the subpopulations of llamas in the Huancavelica region is moderate (FST = 0.1). According to this parameter, 90% of the variance in allele frequencies is expressed within each province and only 10% of the variance is attributed to differences between subpopulations.
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Programa de Doctorat en Producció Animal

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Thioye, Babacar. "Amélioration de la croissance et de la production fruitière de ziziphus mauritiana lam par l'inoculation mycorhizienne dans des vergers au Sénégal." Thesis, Antilles, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ANTI0157/document.

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Le jujubier (ou Ziziphus mauritiana Lam.) est une espèce à usages multiples (fruits, fourrage, bois de service) prioritaire pour le reboisement et l’arboriculture fruitière dans le Sahel. Dans ce contexte où les sols sont souvent dégradés et pauvres en minéraux (P en particulier), la mycorhization et la fertilisation phosphatée pourraient jouer un rôle important dans l’amélioration de la croissance et de la productivité des jujubiers.L’objectif principal de ce travail était d’améliorer la croissance et la production fruitière de Z. mauritiana par l’inoculation mycorhizienne dans deux vergers au Sénégal. Il avait pour objectifs spécifiques (i) d’évaluer les réponses à l’inoculation avec des CMAs de différentes espèces de Ziziphus et de provenances de Z. mauritiana en serre, (ii) d’évaluer l’impact de l’inoculation avec R. irregularis IR27 sur la croissance, la survie et la production fruitière de Z. mauritiana, (iii) d’évaluer l’impact de l’inoculation sur la diversité des communautés de CMAs associés à Z. mauritiana en plantation et (iv) de déterminer la persistance de R. irregularis IR27 dans les racines de Z. mauritiana en plantation. Le champignon R. irregularis IR27 s’est avéré le plus efficace parmi les CMAs testés dans ce travail. Le couple Z. mauritiana /R. irregularis IR27 a donc été choisi comme modèle pour étudier l’impact de l’inoculation sur la production fruitière de deux provenances, Gola (variété indienne sélectionnée pour ses fruits de grosse taille) et Tasset (provenance locale à fruits de petite taille) dans deux sites contrastés (Amally et Keur Mangari). Nos résultats ont montré un effet positif de l’inoculation sur la croissance, la survie et le taux de mycorhization de Z. mauritiana à 13 et 24 mois respectivement à Amally et à Keur Mangari. L’inoculation a également augmenté la production fruitière des jujubiers à 18 et 30 mois de plantation à Keur Mangari. Ces résultats montrent la grande capacité de R. irregularis IR27 à compétir face aux CMAs indigènes. Le séquençage Illumina MiSeq du gène 18S a permis de révéler un impact négatif de l’inoculation sur la diversité et la richesse des communautés de CMAs natifs à Amally contrairement à Keur Mangari où l’inoculation n’a pas eu d’impact ni sur la diversité ni sur la richesse des CMAs. Le gène RPB1 s’est révélé pertinent comme marqueur pour détecter R. irregularis IR27 dans les racines de Z. mauritiana inoculés et évaluer par qPCR l’intensité de la colonisation racinaire des jujubiers par R. irregularis IR27 qui a représenté 11 à 13% à 13 mois de plantation à Amally et 12 à 15% à 24 mois de plantation à Keur Mangari. Cependant, il s’avère important d’évaluer à plus long terme l’impact de R. irregularis IR27 et son devenir dans les racines de Z. mauritiana en plantation dans une large gamme de conditions environnementales
The jujube (or Ziziphus mauritiana Lam.) is an important multipurpose species (e.g. fruits, fodder, wood) for reforestation and fruit farming in the Sahel. In this context where soils are often degraded and deficient in P, mycorrhization and phosphorus fertilization could play a major role on improvement of jujube growth and productivity. The main objective of this work was to improve growth and fruit production of Z. mauritiana by mycorrhizal inoculation in two orchards at Senegal. This work aims (i) to evaluate the responses of different species of Ziziphus and provenances of Z. mauritiana to inoculation with AMF in greenhouse conditions, (ii) to assess the impact of inoculation with R. irregularis IR27 on growth, survival and fruit production of Z. mauritiana, (iii) to assess the impact of inoculation on diversity of native AMF communities associated to Z. mauritiana after planting and (iv) to determinate the persistence of R. irregularis IR27 in roots of Z. mauritiana after planting.The fungus R. irregularis IR27 proved to be the most effective AMF tested in this work. The pair Z. mauritiana /R. irregularis IR27 has been chosen as model to study the impact of inoculation on fruit production of two provenances, Gola (Indian variety selected for its large size fruits) and Tasset (local cultivar with small-sized fruits) in two sites with contrasting rainfall (Amally and Keur Mangari). Our results showed a positive effect of inoculation on growth, survival and mycorrhizal colonization of Z. mauritiana plants at 13 and 24 months after planting at Amally and Keur Mangari respectively. Inoculation increased also fruit production of jujubes at 18 and 30 months after planting at Keur Mangari. These results indicated the high ability of R. irregularis to compete with indigenous AMF. The MiSeq Illumina sequencing of 18S rRNA gene revealed a negative impact of inoculation on AMF richness and diversity at Amally, unlike at Keur Mangari where inoculation had no impact on AMF richness and diversity. The RPB1 gene proved to be an appropriate marker to detect of R. irregularis IR27 in inoculated Z. mauritiana roots and to evaluate by qPCR the root colonization of R. irregularis IR27 which accounted for 11 to 13% at 13 months after planting at Amally and 12 to 15% at 24 months after planting at Keur Mangari. Therefore, it is important to assess at long-term the impact of R. irregularis IR27 and its persistence in inoculated Z. mauritiana roots in large environmental conditions

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Silva, Marlon Richard Hilário da. "Efeitos de diferentes taxas de crescimento na recria sobre o desempenho, idade a puberdade e produção leiteira em fêmeas da raça Santa Inês." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11139/tde-14122009-154229/.

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Experimento I: Foram utilizadas 60 borregas da raça Santa Inês com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos de três taxas de crescimento até os 7 meses de idade. Os tratamentos foram delineados visando obter alta taxa de crescimento (ATC), moderada taxa de crescimento (MTC) e baixa taxa de crescimento (BTC). Foram avaliados o consumo de matéria seca, o ganho de peso corporal e as concentrações séricas de progesterona para a detecção da idade à puberdade. Foram verificados efeitos lineares (p<0,01) para o peso corporal e metabólico, sendo os maiores valores encontrados para os animais do tratamento ATC. Efeito linear (p<0,01) foi verificado para o ganho médio diário (GMD) sendo de 0,182; 0,156 e 0,136 kg/dia para os tratamentos ATC, MTC e BTC respectivamente. Borregas pertencentes ao tratamento ATC apresentaram maior conversão alimentar sendo os valores para o tratamento ATC de 6,1; MTC de 7,1 e BTC de 9,2 kg MS/ kg de ganho de peso. Verificou-se diferença (p<0,01) quanto a porcentagem de animais que atingiram a puberdade sendo o tratamento MTC com o maior número de borregas púberes até os 7 meses de idade (60%), seguida dos tratamentos ATC (45%) e BTC (15%)com peso médio de 39,3 kg de peso corporal, sendo 70% do peso adulto. Experimento II: As borregas utilizadas no experimento 1 com 37 Kg de PC entraram em estação de monta e após o parto receberam uma única dieta, sendo blocadas de acordo com o peso e dias de lactação. Observou-se efeito quadrático (p<0,01) na produção de leite em 3h (137,9; 150,1 e 104,4 g), efeito quadrático (p<0,05) para LCG (167,2; 178,9 e 129,4) e efeito quadrático (p<0,03) LCGP (216,5; 140,5 e 162,7). Os teores de gordura (9,8; 8,9 e 8,3%) e de proteína (4,2; 4,2 e 4,6 apresentaram efeitos lineares sendo (p=0,01) para gordura e (p<0,01) para proteína. Experimento III: Os objetivos deste experimento foram avaliar o efeito da inclusão de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar in natura (BIN) sobre o consumo e a digestibilidade aparente dos nutrientes, balanço de nitrogênio e os parâmetros ruminais de cordeiros Santa Inês. Quatro cordeiros providos de cânula ruminal com peso corporal (PC) médio inicial de 30kg foram alojados individualmente em gaiolas para ensaios de metabolismo. O tratamento controle positivo (CONT) consistia de uma ração de alto concentrado contendo de 10% de feno de coastcross (Cynodon sp.) na MS, sendo os demais tratamentos níveis crescentes de BIN em 10, 20 e 30% da MS, constituindo os tratamentos 10BC, 20BC e 30BC. As rações experimentais foram isonitrogenadas (13,75±0,25% PB). Não verificou-se efeito de tratamento (p>0,05) sobre o consumo de MS, MO, e PB em kg/dia e g/kg de PC 0,75; apenas sobre consumo de FDN com efeito linear (p< 0,01). O balanço de nitrogênio, assim como a concentração de acetato, propionato, butirato, concentração total de AGCC, amônia no fluido ruminal e a de digestibilidade aparente da MS, MO, PB e FDN não foram afetados pelos tratamentos.
Trial I: Sixty Santa Ines ewe lambs were used to evaluate the effects of three growing rates until 7 months of age. Treatments were defined to achieve high (HGR), moderate (MGR) and low (LGR) growing rates. The dry matter intake and average daily gain (ADG) were evaluated, well as serum levels of progesterone in order to detect the age of puberty. Linear effects (P<0.01) to body weight (BW) with values being 59.5, 61.4, and 58.0 to HGR, MGR and LGR, respectively. Linear effects (P<0.01) was also observed for average daily gain with values being 0.182, 0.156, and 0.136 kg/day, for HGR, MGR and LGR, respectively. The feed:gain ratio showed a linear effects (p<0.02) according to raw sugarcane bagasse inclusion in diet with values being 6.1, 7.1 (M) and 9.2 kgDM/kg BW for HGR, MGR and LGR, respectively. Linear effects (p<0.01) was observed for the percentage of animals of ewe lambs the reached puberty at 7 months of age, showing highest values for MGR (60%), followed by HGR (45%) and LGR (15%) treatment. Trial II: The same ewe lambs of Experiment 1 were bred at 37 kg of BW and after lambing they received a unique diet. The ewe lambs were blocked according to body weight and days in milking. According to the energy density increase in the diet, quadratic effects (p<0.01) was observed on milk production recorded in a 3-hour interval (137.9; 150.1 and 104.4 g), fat corrected milk (167.2, 178.9 and 129.4 g) and fat and protein corrected milk (216.5, 140.5, 162.7g). Fat (9.77, 8.92 and 8.35%) and protein (4.2, 4.2, and 4.6%) showed linear effects (P=0.01) for fat and (P<0.01) for protein. Trial III: The aim of this study was to evaluate the inclusion of raw sugarcane bagasse (RSB) on dry matter intake and apparent digestibility of nutrients, nitrogen balance and ruminal parameters of Santa Ines ram lambs. Four ruminally fistulated ram lambs averaging 30 kg of BW were placed in metabolism crates. The control treatment (CONT) consisted of a high concentrate diet with 10% of coastcross (Cynodon sp.) hay in the dietary DM and the others treatments consisted of 10, 20 and, 30% of RBS in the dietary DM. The diets were formulated to provide similar concentration of crude protein (13.75±0.25%). No effects were observed for DMI, OM, and CP in kg/day and g/kg of BW0.75. Linear effects (p<0.02) was observed for NDF intake according RBS inclusion. Variables, as well as total SCFA, acetate, propionate, and butyrate concentrations. Ruminal ammonia and apparent nutrient digestibility also did not differ among treatments.

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Imaev, Aleksey. "Design and implementation of a programmable logic controller lab an Internet based monitoring and control of a process /." Ohio : Ohio University, 2002. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1174663598.

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Ghafoori, Roozbahany Ehsan. "Fracture testing and evaluation of asphalt pavement joints in quasi static tension mode." Thesis, KTH, Väg- och banteknik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-96672.

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Asphalt joints are inevitable parts of every pavement. They are constructed for different reasons. Although much attention is dedicated to the construction joints (hot with hot pavement), a scientific approach for cold joints (cold with hot pavement) with respect to large patch constructions is still missing. This report tries to evaluate existing construction techniques and to suggest new testing methods of tests. Although, indirect tensile tests IDT and direct tension tests DTT are familiar in the field of asphalt pavement characterization, they have not been used for the assessment of joint quality so far. In this report, these two test types are evaluated and the results are analyzed using finite element software ABAQUS. The results of the comparison of joint compaction techniques on a laboratory scale suggest that joints with angles seem to show more promising behavior than vertical joints. Also, starting compaction from the hot side generally produces better results than compaction starting from cold side.

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Absher, Jason Matthew. "THE DEVELOPMENT OF MICROFLUIDIC DEVICES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SAFE AND EFFECTIVE NON-VIRAL GENE DELIVERY VECTORS." UKnowledge, 2018. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/cme_etds/85.

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Including inherited genetic diseases, like lipoprotein lipase deficiency, and acquired diseases, such as cancer and HIV, gene therapy has the potential to treat or cure afflicted people by driving an affected cell to produce a therapeutic protein. Using primarily viral vectors, gene therapies are involved in a number of ongoing clinical trials and have already been approved by multiple international regulatory drug administrations for several diseases. However, viral vectors suffer from serious disadvantages including poor transduction of many cell types, immunogenicity, direct tissue toxicity and lack of targetability. Non-viral polymeric gene delivery vectors (polyplexes) provide an alternative solution but are limited by poor transfection efficiency and cytotoxicity. Microfluidic (MF) nano-precipitation is an emerging field in which researchers seek to tune the physicochemical properties of nanoparticles by controlling the flow regime during synthesis. Using this approach, several groups have demonstrated the successful production of enhanced polymeric gene delivery vectors. It has been shown that polyplexes created in the diffusive flow environment have a higher transfection efficiency and lower cytotoxicity. Other groups have demonstrated that charge-stabilizing polyplexes by sequentially adding polymers of alternating charges improves transfection efficiency and serum stability, also addressing major challenges to the clinical implementation of non-viral gene delivery vectors. To advance non-viral gene delivery towards clinical relevance, we have developed a microfluidic platform (MS) that produces conventional polyplexes with increased transfection efficiency and decreased toxicity and then extended this platform for the production of ternary polyplexes. This work involves first designing microfluidic devices using computational fluid dynamics (CFD), fabricating the devices, and validating the devices using fluorescence flow characterization and absorbance measurements of the resulting products. With an integrated separation mechanism, excess polyethylenimine (PEI) is removed from the outer regions of the stream leaving purified polyplexes that can go on to be used directly in transfections or be charge stabilized by addition of polyanions such as polyglutamic acid (PGA) for the creation of ternary polyplexes. Following the design portion of the research, the device was used to produce binary particle characterization was carried out and particle sizes, polydispersity and zeta potential of both conventional and MS polyplexes was compared. MS-produced polyplexes exhibited up to a 75% reduction in particle size compared to BM-produced polyplexes, while exhibiting little difference in zeta potential and polydispersity. A variety of standard biological assays were carried out to test the effects of the vectors on a variety of cell lines – and in this case the MS polyplexes proved to be both less toxic and have higher transfection efficiency in most cell lines. HeLa cells demonstrated the highest increase in transgene expression with a 150-fold increase when comparing to conventional bulk mixed polyplexes at the optimum formulation. A similar set of experiments were carried out with ternary polyplexes produced by the separation device. In this case it was shown that there were statistically significant increases in transfection efficiency for the MS-produced ternary polyplexes compared to BM-produced poyplexes, with a 23-fold increase in transfection activity at the optimum PEI/DNA ratio in MDAMB-231 cells. These MS-produced ternary polyplexes exhibited higher cell viability in many instances, a result that may be explained but the reduction in both free polymer and ghost particles.

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Charraud, François. "Espaces interculturels et évolution des systèmes techniques au Néolithique dans le Nord-Ouest de la France : productions, usages et circulation des outillages en silex jurassiques de Normandie." Thesis, Nice, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013NICE2007/document.

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Cette thèse porte sur la Néolithisation du Nord-Ouest de la France, abordée à travers l’analyse des industries en silex jurassiques de Normandie. Objet de plusieurs influences environnementales et culturelles, cette région essentielle pour comprendre les dynamiques et les comportements socio-économiques de la Néolithisation de l’Ouest se caractérise par un environnement géologique riche en silex d’excellente qualité exploités durant toute la Préhistoire, utilisés ici comme marqueurs de ces comportements et de leur évolution sur la longue durée. L’objectif est de caractériser les productions liées à ces ressources et leur diffusion, de préciser les contextes chronoculturels dans lesquels elles évoluent, en prenant en compte tous les processus de la chaîne opératoire, depuis l’acquisition des matériaux jusqu’à l’abandon des outils. Restituer une vision cohérente de ces processus suppose un protocole qui croise les approches typo-morphologique, technologique et fonctionnelle des industries pour respecter le lien structurel qui existe entre l’économie des matières premières, la gestion des productions et de l’outillage. L’étude sur la longue durée de l’utilisation d’un type de ressources particulières offre un point de vue spécifique sur la Néolithisation de l’Ouest. Les continuités et les ruptures, la permanence ou la disparition de chaînes opératoires, procédés techniques, ou voies de distribution restituent un pan de l’évolution technique et culturelle de ces sociétés néolithiques. L’analyse critique des sites a permis de dépasser l’hétérogénéité de la documentation pour parvenir à ce but
This thesis addresses the question of the Neolithisation of the Northwest of France, throught the analysis of the industries based on Jurassic flint from the Neolithic sequence in Normandy. Subject of several environmental and cultural influences, this region is essential for understanding the dynamics and socio-economic behaviors in the Neolithisation process. Normandy is characterized by a geological environment with excellent flint sources used throughout Prehistory, used here as markers of these behaviors and their evolution over the long term. The aim is to characterize the productions related to these sources and their distribution, the chronological and cultural sequence in which they operate, taking into account all the processes of chaîne opératoire, from flints procurement to the abandonment contexts. Restore a coherent vision of the process involves a protocol that melts typo-morphological, functional and technological approaches, to meet the structural link between the economies of raw materials, production and tools management. The study on the long-term use of a particular type of resource gives a specific point of view about Neolithisation of the Northwest of France. Continuities and ruptures, permanence or extinction of chaînes opératoires, technical processes and distribution channels restore a piece of technical evolution and cultural significance of the Neolithic societies

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46

Sandberg, Pontus. "A work process supporting the implementation of smart factory technologies developed in smart factory compliant laboratory environment." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-44257.

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The industry is facing major challenges today. The challenges are tougher global competition, customers who require individualized products and shorter product lifecycles. The predicted industrial revolution is a way to deal with these challenges. Industry 4.0 includes strategies linked to several technologies that will meet the new needs. Smart factory is a central concept in industry 4.0, which involves connected technologies of various kinds. Such as digital manufacturing technology, network communication technology, computer technology, automation technology and several other areas. In this work, these were defined as smart factory technologies. Implementing such technologies will result in improved flexibility, resource productivity and efficiency, quality, etc. But, implementing smart factory technologies poses major challenges for the companies. Laboratory environments can be utilized to address the challenges. This results in a new problem, how to transfer a smart factory technology developed in a laboratory environment to a full-scale production system. In the literature study no, structured approach was identified to handle this challenge. Therefore, the purpose of this work was to: create a work process that supports the technology transfer from a smart factory compliant laboratory environment to a full-scale production system. To justify the purpose, the following research questions were answered: RQ1: What are the differences in the operating environment between the laboratory and the full-scale production system? RQ2: How is a smart factory technology determined ready to be implemented into a full-scale production system? RQ3: What critical factors should a work process for the implementation of smart factory technologies include? The research questions were answered by conducting a multiple-case study in collaboration with Scania CV AB. During the case studies, interviews, observations and other relevant types of data collection were conducted. The results were as follows: RQ1: How difficult it is to transfer a technology from a laboratory environment to a full-scale production system depends on how large the differences between these are. The general difference is that laboratory environments are used to experiment and develop technologies and a full-scale production system is used to produce products. Some want the laboratory environment to be an exact copy of a full-scale production system, but this is not appropriate because it means you lose the freedom of experimentation and it would be much more expensive. RQ2: Determining whether a smart factory technology is ready consists of two parts, laboratory activities and pilot testing. A structured assessment method has been developed. The laboratory operations reduce the risks and contribute to raising the degree of maturity of the technology. In pilot testing, it is important not to interfere with the full-scale production system stability. This is the reason for doing pilot testing in a delimited area first and checking that the technology works as desired. RQ3: The critical factors identified were: competence and knowledge, technology contributing to improvements, considering risks with implementation, cost versus potential improvement, clear goals and reason for implementation and communication.

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Brassard, François. "Le bois-énergie parmi les communautés des hautes terres du Viêt-nam, évolution des besoins en bois-énergie et capacité de production des forêts dans le district de Don Duong, au Lam Dong." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq26172.pdf.

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Sempere, Torres Daniel. "Calcul de la lame ruisselée dans la modélisation pluie-débit : limitations des approches globales et introduction simplifiée de la topographie et de la variabilité spatiale des pluies : applications aux bassins versants du Gardon d'Anduze et du Réal Collobrier." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 1990. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00694027.

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Ce mémoire étudie les processus de production de la Pluie Efficace dans les modélisations globales (qui considèrent le bassin versant comme une seule entité) de la relation pluie débit à l'aide de la méthode DPFT. S'appuyant sur un ensemble de crues, celle méthode permet d'identifier une Fonction de Transfert moyenne pour le bassin et un jeu de Pluies Efficaces propres à chaque crue. Celles-ci sont ensuite utilisées afin d'optimiser la Fonction de Production. Dans une première étape, nous avons utilisé trois modèles représentant les grandes familles de modèles globaux de Fonction de Production, et nous avons mesuré leurs performances et limitations sur les données de deux bassins versants : le Gardon d'Anduze et le Réal Collobrier. Les résultats obtenus ont montré la nécessité d'introduire des informations complémentaires à celles données par la lame moyenne de Pluie Brute. Dans une deuxième étape, nous avons introduit de façon simplifiée la topographie du bassin et la variabilité spatiale de la pluie à l'aide de la fonction de répartition d'un indice topographique et d'un indice de concentration de la pluie tombée, et sous l'hypothèse que ces deux aspects jouent un rôle de second ordre par rapport à la description fournie par un modèle global. Les résultats obtenus ont permis de proposer des améliorations des modèles pluie-débit globaux, susceptibles d'être utilisés dans un contexte de prévision de crues.

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Bono, Jason S. "First Time Measurements of Polarization Observables for the Charged Cascade Hyperon in Photoproduction." FIU Digital Commons, 2014. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1520.

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The parity violating weak decay of hyperons offers a valuable means of measuring their polarization, providing insight into the production of strange quarks and the matter they compose. Jefferson Lab’s CLAS collaboration has utilized this property of hyperons, publishing the most precise polarization measurements for the Λ and Σ in both photoproduction and electroproduction to date. In contrast, cascades, which contain two strange quarks, can only be produced through indirect processes and as a result, exhibit low cross sections thus remaining experimentally elusive. At present, there are two aspects in cascade physics where progress has been minimal: characterizing their production mechanism, which lacks theoretical and experimental developments, and observation of the numerous excited cascade resonances that are required to exist by flavor SU(3)F symmetry. However, CLAS data were collected in 2008 with a luminosity of 68 pb−1 using a circularly polarized photon beam with energies up to 5.45 GeV, incident on a liquid hydrogen target. This dataset is, at present, the world’s largest for meson photoproduction in its energy range and provides a unique opportunity to study cascade physics with polarization measurements. The current analysis explores hyperon production through the γp → K+K+Ξ− reaction by providing the first ever determination of spin observables P, Cx and Cz for the cascade. Three of our primary goals are to test the only cascade photoproduction model in existence, examine the underlying processes that give rise to hyperon polarization, and to stimulate future theoretical developments while providing constraints for their parameters. Our research is part of a broader program to understand the production of strange quarks and hadrons with strangeness. The remainder of this document discusses the motivation behind such research, the method of data collection, details of their analysis, and the significance of our results.

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Lindblad, Andreas. "A Treatise on the Geometric and Electronic Structure of Clusters : Investigated by Synchrotron Radiation Based Electron Spectroscopies." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Physics and Materials Science, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-8463.

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Clusters are finite ensembles of atoms or molecules with sizes in the nanometer regime (i.e. nanoparticles). This thesis present results on the geometric and electronic structure of homogeneous and heterogeneous combinations of atoms and molecules. The systems have been studied with synchrotron radiation and valence, core and Auger electron spectroscopic techniques.

The first theme of the thesis is that of mixed clusters. It is shown that by varying the cluster production technique both structures that are close to that predicted by equilibrium considerations can be attained as well as far from equilibrium structures.

Electronic processes following ionization constitute the second theme. The post-collision interaction phenomenon, energy exchange between the photo- and the Auger electrons, is shown to be different in clusters of argon, krypton and xenon. A model is proposed that takes polarization screening in the final state into account. This result is of general character and should be applicable to the analysis of core level photoelectron and Auger electron spectra of insulating and semi-conducting bulk materials as well.

Interatomic Coloumbic Decay is a process that can occur in the condensed phases of weakly bonded systems. Results on the time-scale of the process in Ne clusters and mixed Ar/Ne clusters are herein discussed, as well observations of resonant contributions to the process. In analogy to Auger vis-à-vis Resonant Auger it is found that to the ICD process there is a corresponding Resonant ICD process possible. This has later been observed in other systems and by theoretical calculations as well in subsequent works by other groups.

Delocalization of dicationic valence final states in the hydrogen bonded ammonia clusters and aqueous ammonia has also been investigated by Auger electron spectroscopy. With those results it was possible to assign a previously observed feature in the Auger electron spectrum of solid ammonia.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Lamb production'

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