Academic literature on the topic 'Lamb Locomotion'
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Journal articles on the topic "Lamb Locomotion"
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Schwartzkopf-Genswein, Karen, Wiolene Montanari Nordi, Desiree Gellatly, Daniela M. Meléndez, Timothy Schwinghamer, Sonia Marti, Kelly Anklam, Joyce Van Donkersgoed, Kathy Parker, and Dorte Dopfer. "PSIII-14 Infrared thermography as a tool to detect inflammation in feedlot lambs with footrot." Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_3 (December 2019): 185–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz258.383.
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Abstract Infrared thermography (IRT) has been used as a non-invasive tool to detect inflammatory processes associated with disease in livestock. The aim of this study was to evaluate IRT as a tool to compare healthy and footrot (FR) affected hooves in feedlot lambs with varying degrees of lameness over two seasons. A total of 106 lame lambs with footrot from a feedlot in Alberta were individually categorized according to a 3-point locomotion scale [1 = mild (n = 7), 2 = moderate (n = 46) and 3 = severe lameness (n = 53)] during the summer (n = 39) and fall (n = 68) of 2018. All lambs were physically examined once by two experienced observers to determine if the lamb had footrot. IRT images of the interdigital space were used to obtain the maximum hoof temperature (MHT) of both FR affected as well as healthy (CT) hooves within the same animal. Generalized linear mixed models (SAS PROC GLIMMIX) were performed separately for each season and diagnosis and included locomotion score as a fixed effect and ambient temperature as a co-variate. Predicted means were compared using the limits at 95% of confidence. Overall, greater MHT (P < 0.05) were observed for FR affected compared to unaffected hooves for lambs categorized as moderately and severely lame, within each season. However, no differences (P > 0.05) in MHT were observed for lambs categorized as mildly lame, likely due to the small number of lambs having a locomotion score of 1. Under the conditions of this study, thermal images can be effectively used as a tool to distinguish footrot affected hooves in feedlot lambs with moderate and severe lameness. Further studies should be conducted with more lambs with a locomotion score of 1 to assess the relationship between mild lameness, IRT, and footrot diagnosis.
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Lu, Jinsheng, Qiang Li, Cheng-Wei Qiu, Yu Hong, Pintu Ghosh, and Min Qiu. "Nanoscale Lamb wave–driven motors in nonliquid environments." Science Advances 5, no. 3 (March 2019): eaau8271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aau8271.
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Achieving light-driven motions in nonliquid environments presents formidable challenges, because microsized objects experience strong dry adhesion and intend to be stuck to contact surfaces with great tenacity. Here, in air and vacuum, we show rotary locomotion of a micrometer-sized metal plate with ~30 nm thickness, revolving around a microfiber. This motor is powered by pulsed light guided into the fiber as a coordinated consequence of an optically excited Lamb wave on the plate and favorable configuration of plate-fiber geometry. The motor, actuated by designed light pulses, crawls stepwise with subnanometer locomotion resolution. Furthermore, we can control the rotation velocity and step resolution by varying the repetition rate and pulse power, respectively. A light-actuated micromirror scanning with 0.001° resolution is then demonstrated on the basis of this motor. It offers unprecedented application potential for integrated micro-opto-electromechanical systems, outer-space all-optical precision mechanics and controls, and laser scanning for miniature lidar systems.
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Álvarez-Rodríguez, J., A. Sanz, M. Joy, S. Carrasco, G. Ripoll, and A. Teixeira. "Development of organs and tissues in lambs raised on Spanish mountain grassland." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 89, no. 1 (March 1, 2009): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas08064.
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The present study was conducted to establish the pattern of body development in grass-raised Churra Tensina lambs. Forty-nine single male lambs were slaughtered at three body-weight intervals, according to the commercial categories of suckling (11.1 ± 1.0 kg), light (22.1 ± 0.8 kg) and heavy lamb (32.0 ± 2.9 kg). Non-carcass and carcass components were recorded and the half left carcasses were completely dissected. Lambs showed a low growth rate of main organs in relation to empty body weight (BW) (P < 0.01). Skin+ fleece and liver accompanied the rest of mass growth (P > 0.05). The allometric coefficients of forestomachs and large intestine were higher than that of the small intestine (P < 0.05). Joints related to locomotion had early development (P < 0.01), whereas those belonging to the trunk grew at faster rates than did carcass weight (P < 0.01). The fatty tissues had increased growth coefficients (P < 0.01), whereas bone and lean coefficients decreased (P < 0.01) with increasing carcass weight. Intermuscular fat attained greater growth rates in lambs slaughtered at light BW than in heavy lambs (P < 0.01). However, the former group displayed lower relative growth of pelvic-renal, subcutaneous and abdominal fat than the latter (P < 0.01). This trait might reflect improved investment of dietary energy towards deposition of adipose tissue through the increased digestive tract capacity. Key words: Sheep, carcass, non-carcass, tissues, fat depots, allometric growth
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Fonteque, Joandes Henrique, Anderson Fernando De Souza, Thiago Rinaldi Muller, Ronaldo Paiva Moreno Gonçalves, Milena Carol Sbrussi Granella, Rubens Peres Mendes, and Jackson Schade. "Congenital Cervical Vertebral Malformation in Lambs." Acta Scientiae Veterinariae 46 (March 21, 2018): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.86287.
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Background: The occurrence of congenital defects in the sheep is estimated to be between 0.2% and 2%. For congenital anatomical alterations, diagnostic imaging allows objective understanding and evaluation, and is a great aid in the formulation of clinical decisions. Most of these anomalies are diagnosed by radiography; but computed tomography (CT) can provide important additional information. In the current literature there are no descriptions of the use of radiography andCT for a more detailed evaluation of the anatomical structures in cases of congenital cervical malformations in lambs. The objective of this study is to report the clinical, radiographic and tomographic findings in two cases of congenital cervical vertebral malformation in lambs.Cases: Two lambs with cervical morphological alterations since birth were attended. A 4-month-old mixed-breed lamb, weighing 11 kg, with lateroventrocaudal deviation of the neck was observed to the right side, not yielding to the attempt of repositioning. The owner reported that these changes were identified since birth, leading to difficulties in suckling colostrum, necessitating artificial feeding. With the growth of the animal, worsening of the cervical deviation resulted in the impossibility of grazing. The radiographs of the cervical spine identified marked scoliosis, and the axis presented small dimensions and morphological changes with a slight loss of atlantoaxial articular relationship. Spondylopathies were detectedalong the cervical spine. Other lamb of the Lacaune breed, weighing 4.2 kg, was presented shortly after birth with changes in the shape and posture of the neck, difficult locomotion and in sternal decubitus. The owner reported that the lamb came from a twin eutocic birth, with the other lamb being apparently normal. The animal was unable to ingest the colostrum, in which the sheep was milked and colostrum was offered through a bottle. Lateroventrocaudal deviation of the neck to the left side did not yield to the repositioning attempt, the mandible also presented left lateral deviation. The radiographs of the cervical spine showed morphological changes in atlas, and it was not possible to delimit its wings; itwas also observed that the dorsal blade was parallel to the spinal process of the axis. The presence of a hypoattenuating linear left lateral image of the dorsal arch and a right ventro-lateral aspect of the atlas body was identified with slightly irregular and sclerotic margins, suggesting fracture lines. The body of the axis presented a conformational alteration withirregular contours and a large free fragment in the cranial aspect, suggestive of being the odontoid process, with rotation and deviation to the left in relation to the atlas. The right lateral cranial articular process of the third cervical vertebra (C3) presented a conformational change and important lateral rotation of the axis. Mild stenosis of the medullary canal was observed in the segment adjacent to C3. The euthanasia was recommended.Discussion: Congenital cervical malformations in sheep are rare in the literature and may lead to serious decrease in the quality of life of the animals. Computed tomography was superior to radiography in morphological evaluation in cases of congenital cervical malformations in sheep. However, both diagnostic methods were important to establish the best clinical behavior. The etiology of most congenital malformations is unknown, simply because of the complexity of the mechanismsthat lead to the formation of an abnormality. The isolated episodes of this anomaly, in the herd without previous alterations, suggest a non-infectious cause, probably similar among the cases, but not established. The information presented can be used to validate clinical reasoning in future cases similar to those described, where imaging features are not available.Keywords: anomalies, fetus, radiography, computed tomography.
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Kaler, J., TRN George, and LE Green. "Why are sheep lame? Temporal associations between severity of foot lesions and severity of lameness in 60 sheep." Animal Welfare 20, no. 3 (August 2011): 433–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0962728600002992.
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AbstractWe investigated the temporal associations between the severity of foot lesions caused by footrot (FR) and the severity of lameness in sheep. Sixty sheep from one farm were monitored for five weeks. The locomotion of each sheep was scored once each week using a validated numerical rating scale of 0-6. All feet were then examined, FR was the only foot lesion observed; the severity of FR lesions was recorded on a scale from 0 to 4. Sheep had a locomotion score > 0 on 144/298 observations. FR lesions were present on at least one foot on 83% of observations of lame sheep but also present on 27% of observations where sheep were not lame; 95% of these sheep with a lesion but not lame had FR score 1. The results from a linear mixed model with locomotion score as the outcome were that the mean (95% CI) locomotion score of 0.28 (0.02, 0.53) in sheep with no lesions increased by 0.35 (0.05, 0.65) in sheep with FR score 1 or 2 and by 1.55 (1.13, 1.96) in sheep with FR score > 2 at the time of the observation; indicating that as the severity of the lesion increased, the severity of lameness increased. One week before an FR score > 2 was clinically apparent, sheep had a locomotion score 0.81 (0.37, 1.24) higher than sheep that did not have an FR score > 2 in the subsequent week. One week after treatment with intramuscular antibacterials the locomotion score of lame sheep reduced by 1.00 (0.50, 1.49). Our results indicate a positive association between severity of FR lesions and locomotion score and indicate that some non-lame and mildly lame sheep have footrot lesions. Treatment of even those mildly lame will facilitate healing and probably reduce the spread of infection to other sheep in the same group.
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Bickell, S., P. Poindron, R. Nowak, A. Chadwick, D. Ferguson, and D. Blache. "Genotype rather than non-genetic behavioural transmission determines the temperament of Merino lambs." Animal Welfare 18, no. 4 (November 2009): 459–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0962728600000877.
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AbstractMerino ewes have been selected, over 18 generations, for calm (C) or nervous (N) temperament using using an arena test and an isolation box test. We investigated the relative contributions of genotype versus the post-partum behaviour of the dam on the temperament of the lambs using a cross-fostering procedure. Forty-eight multiparous calm and 52 nervous ewes were artificially inseminated with the semen of a sire of the same temperament. At birth, 32 lambs of a given temperament line were cross fostered to ewes from the other line (16 N × C, 16 C × N), 34 lambs were cross fostered to ewes from the same line (15 C × C, 19 N × N) and 30 lambs were left with their birth mother (15 C, 15 N), to control for the effect of cross fostering. The temperament of the progeny was assessed at two occasions, one week after birth by measuring locomotor activity during an open-field test and at weaning (16 weeks) by measuring locomotor activity during an arena test and agitation score measured during an isolation box test. There was a genotype effect but no maternal or fostering effect on the lamb temperament at one week. This may be because the maternal behaviour of the foster ewes did not differ considerably between the calm and nervous mothers during adoption or within the first week, post partum. Similarly, at weaning, only a genotype effect was found on the locomotor and agitation score. Therefore, it appears that temperament in Merino sheep is mainly determined by the genetic transmission of the trait across generations rather than behaviours learned from the mother.
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Yamashiro, Kaeli, Laura A. Galganski, Jamie Peyton, Kalie Haynes, Victoria Vicuna, Priyadarsini Kumar, Benjamin Keller, et al. "Surviving Lambs with Myelomeningocele Repaired in utero with Placental Mesenchymal Stromal Cells for 6 Months: A Pilot Study." Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy 47, no. 12 (2020): 912–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000510813.
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<b><i>Background:</i></b> Fetal repair of myelomeningocele (MMC) with placental mesenchymal stromal cells (PMSCs) rescues ambulation in the ovine model up to 48 h postnatally. Outcomes past 48 h are unknown as MMC lambs have not been survived past this timepoint. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> We aimed to survive lambs for 6 months following the fetal repair of MMC with PMSCs. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Fetal MMC lambs were repaired with PMSCs. Lambs received either no additional treatment or postnatal bracing and physical therapy (B/PT). Motor function was assessed with the sheep locomotor rating (SLR). Lambs with an SLR of 15 at birth were survived for 6 months or until a decline in SLR less than 15, whichever came first. All lambs underwent a perimortem MRI. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The lambs with no postnatal treatment (<i>n</i> = 2) had SLR declines to 7 and 13 at 29 and 65 days, respectively, and were euthanized. These lambs had a spinal angulation of 57° and 47°, respectively. The B/PT lamb (<i>n</i> = 1) survived for 6 months with a sustained SLR of 15 and a lumbar angulation of 42°. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Postnatal physical therapy and bracing counteracted the inherent morbidity of the absent paraspinal muscles in the ovine MMC model allowing for survival and maintenance of rescued motor function of the prenatally treated lamb up to 6 months.
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Oehm, Andreas W., Roswitha Merle, Annegret Tautenhahn, K. Charlotte Jensen, Kerstin-Elisabeth Mueller, Melanie Feist, and Yury Zablotski. "Identifying cow – level factors and farm characteristics associated with locomotion scores in dairy cows using cumulative link mixed models." PLOS ONE 17, no. 1 (January 28, 2022): e0263294. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0263294.
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Lameness is a tremendous problem in intensively managed dairy herds all over the world. It has been associated with considerable adverse effects on animal welfare and economic viability. The majority of studies have evaluated factors associated with gait disturbance by categorising cows into lame and non-lame. This procedure yet entails a loss of information and precision. In the present study, we extend the binomial response to five categories acknowledging the ordered categorical nature of locomotion assessments, which conserves a higher level of information. A cumulative link mixed modelling approach was used to identify factors associated with increasing locomotion scores. The analysis revealed that a low body condition, elevated somatic cell count, more severe hock lesions, increasing parity, absence of pasture access, and poor udder cleanliness were relevant variables associated with higher locomotion scores. Furthermore, distinct differences in the locomotion scores assigned were identified in regard to breed, observer, and season. Using locomotion scores rather than a dichotomised response variable uncovers more refined relationships between gait disturbances and associated factors. This will help to understand the intricate nature of gait disturbances in dairy cows more deeply.
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Montgomery, Jane A., Katie Forgan, Catherine Hayhurst, Elizabeth Rees, Jennifer S. Duncan, Jacques Gossellein, Charles Harding, and Richard D. Murray. "Short term effect of treating claw horn lesions in dairy cattle on their locomotion, activity and milk yield." Veterinary Science Development 2, no. 1 (March 5, 2012): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/vsd.2012.3643.
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The immediate effect on dairy cow mobility, daily activity and milk yield following treatment for claw horn disease was examined in 306 lame cows located on four Cheshire dairy farms over twelve months. The daily activity and milk yield of all cows in these herds was recorded on computer using pedometers and in-parlour milk flow meters. Lame cows identified by stockmen were assessed subjectively by locomotion score, then restrained and their claws examined to identify the predominant lesion present. Those with locomotion scores > 2.5 that presented with sole ulcer, haemorrhage and bruising, or white line disease were studied. Claws of the affected limb were trimmed by one paraprofessional claw trimmer using the five-step <em>Dutch method </em>and the affected claw unloaded either by trimming or application of a block to the healthy digit: those on the contra-lateral limb were trimmed similarly. The same observer repeated the locomotion score assessment seven days later: trimming reduced the proportion of lame cows (score >3) by 55% and those with poor gait (score <3>2.5) by 49%, and the proportion of all cows not lame after trimming was 51% (χ2 4.94: P≤0.001). Night time activity levels increased from 76 to 81 steps/hour on day 2 after treatment (P<0.05) but this was not maintained: daily milk yields fell by 2%. Using univariate mixed models, year and season, parity and farm all had significant effects on locomotion and activity levels. This treatment for claw horn disease in lame dairy cows improved their immediate health and welfare.
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Blackie, N., E. C. L. Bleach, J. R. Amory, C. R. Nicholls, and J. R. Scaife. "The effect of hoof lesion severity on stride characteristics of early lactation Holstein dairy cows measured using locomotion scoring and computerised motion analysis." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2007 (April 2007): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200020834.
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Kinematic assessment of gait has been widely used in sports and equine science, this method gives objective and accurate information on the movement of the subject. Most locomotion scoring systems incorporate stride length however this is subjective and is difficult to compare observers. Kinematic studies have shown that cows with sole ulcers have a shorter stride length than those showing no hoof lesions (Flower et al, 2005). Telezhenko and Bergsten (2005) found a similar effect with moderately lame cows having a shorter stride length measured objectively from footprints than non lame cows. Increased locomotion score can also affect the tracking distance of the animal (Telezhenko and Bergsten, 2005). The aim of this study was to assess the effect of increasing locomotion score on stride length and tracking distance of Holstein dairy cows in early lactation.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Lamb Locomotion"
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Oppong-Anane, Kwame. "The following (walking) ability of the neonatal lamb." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1991. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09pho62.pdf.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 276-2970. Investigations presented involve 18 hour to 5 day old South Australian merino lambs. Some twin lambs were available for comparative studies. Examines the relationship between the strength of ewe-lamb bond and the lamb's ability to follow the mother, the energy availability and usage in the lamb, particularly for locomotion, and the metabolic and cardiorespiratory responses to locomotion.
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Paluska, Daniel Joseph 1974. "Let there be Luxo : a jumping lamp sheds light on heavy legged locomotion." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/105592.
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Gonzales, Matthew Robert. "Engineering a compliant muscle joint for dynamic locomotion in very rough terrain." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2011-12-4843.
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In humanoid robotics, there is a long pursuit of making bipeds capable of walking in highly unstructured and roughly sensed environments. Within this goal, our objective is to develop a compliant bipedal humanoid robot, based on McKibben pneumatic actuators that can move in these terrains as well as quickly adapt to unpredicted variations on the contact state. We present here the first part of our work, focusing on the design, construction and control of a pneumatic robotic joint capable of achieving the control performance necessary for responding compliantly and accurately to contact transitions while delivering high forces needed to handle the physical challenges associated with rough terrains. In particular, we address our progress in the mechanical and embedded electronic design, actuator modeling, and compliant control strategies for a robotic joint based on fluidic pneumatic artificial muscles (PAMs). The proposed robotic joint has been validated experimentally, exploring various aspects of its performance as well as its shortcomings, but overall demonstrating the potential benefits of using pneumatic muscles.text
Conference papers on the topic "Lamb Locomotion"
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Sebastian Luck, Kevin, Joseph Campbell, Michael Jansen, Daniel Aukes, and Heni Ben Amor. "From the Lab to the Desert: Fast Prototyping and Learning of Robot Locomotion." In Robotics: Science and Systems 2017. Robotics: Science and Systems Foundation, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.15607/rss.2017.xiii.075.
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Shahab, Shima, and Alper Erturk. "Underwater Dynamic Actuation of Macro-Fiber Composite Flaps With Different Aspect Ratios: Electrohydroelastic Modeling, Testing, and Characterization." In ASME 2014 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2014-7538.
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Macro-fiber composite (MFC) actuators offer simple and scalable design, robustness, noiseless performance, strong electromechanical coupling, and particularly a balance between the actuation force and deformation capabilities, which is essential to effective and agile biomimetic locomotion. Recent efforts in our lab have shown that MFC bimorphs with polyester electrode sheets can successfully be employed for fish-like aquatic locomotion in both tethered and untethered operation. MFC swimmers can outperform other smart material-based counterparts, such as the compliant ionic polymer-metal composite based swimmers, in terms of swimming speed per body length. Cantilevered flaps made of MFC bimorphs with different aspect ratios can be employed for underwater actuation, sensing, and power generation, among other aquatic applications of direct and converse piezoelectric effects. In an effort to develop linearized electrohydroelastic models for such cantilevers, the present work investigates MFC bimorphs with three different aspect ratios. The MFCs used in this study use the 33-mode of piezoelectricity with interdigitated electrodes. Underwater dynamic actuation frequency response functions (FRFs) of the MFCs are defined as the tip velocity per actuation voltage (tip velocity FRF) and current consumption per actuation voltage (admittance FRF). The tip velocity and admittance FRFs are modeled analytically for in-air actuation and validated experimentally for all aspect ratios. Underwater tip velocity and admittance FRFs are then derived by combining their in-air counterparts with corrected hydrodynamic functions. The corrected hydrodynamic functions are also identified from aluminum cantilevers of similar aspect ratios. Both tip vibration and current consumption per voltage input are explored. The failure of Sader’s hydrodynamic function for low length-to-width aspect ratios is shown. Very good correlation is observed between model simulations and experimental measurements using aspect ratio-dependent, corrected hydrodynamic function.
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Nordmann, Alexandra, Trinity Blackman, and Javid Bayandor. "Modeling Intricate Unsteady Flow Field Development of a Self-Contained Novel Entry, Descent, Landing and Locomotion Planetary Exploration Module." In ASME 2022 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2022-87904.
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Abstract In the search for innovative concepts to explore extraterrestrial bodies, work towards modeling a fresh self-contained entry, descent, landing and locomotion (EDL-L) system, developed by CRASH Lab, was conducted. The system designed for atmospheric entry requires that the planetary aerodynamics are utilized on the descent to the planet’s surface to stabilize and land safely on the ground. The multifunctionality of this concept lies in the ability to contain all necessary landing configurations in one system. However, this requires extensive modeling to understand its interaction with the planetary atmosphere and environment during all phases of entry, descent, and landing. As the system has an open frame architecture for landing, it causes an intricate unsteady fluid flow to develop around the system as it falls. Being able to better understand how the flow evolves and how it affects the descending vehicle will allow for a more controlled EDL sequence. The free fall landing phase of the model has been considered at Venus Surface Conditions. The work reported is centered around non-rotational descent, which will be extended in the future to rotational and multi-directional landing considerations, as well as verification studies with wind tunnel trials. The paper reports on efforts toward developing an ultimate predictive methodology and its verification and validation studies to assess the self-contained EDL-L system. One of the main objectives of the study is to achieve a more comprehensive understanding of the impacts that planetary conditions may have on the safe entry, descent, landing and operability of the concept vehicle on any celestial bodies with atmosphere.
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Tarawneh, Constantine M., Javier A. Kypuros, Brent M. Wilson, Todd W. Snyder, Bertha A. Gonzalez, and Arturo A. Fuentes. "A Collaborative On-Track Field Test Conducted to Verify the Laboratory Findings on Bearing Temperature Trending." In 2009 Joint Rail Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2009-63056.
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Over the last three years, numerous laboratory tests have been conducted with the goal of identifying the root cause of the temperature trending phenomenon observed in tapered roller bearings during their field service. The experimental efforts were successful in duplicating the temperature trending phenomenon in the lab, and concluded that vibration induced roller misalignment was responsible for this troubling phenomenon; yet field verification of these findings was still missing. To this end, a collaborative on-track field test was carefully planned and executed by The Amsted Rail Company, The Union Pacific Railroad (UP), Rail Sciences Inc. (RSI), and The University of Texas-Pan American (UTPA). A locomotive, a business car, and two coal cars — one fully loaded and one empty — were made available by the UP for the purposes of this test. Four bearings that exhibited temperature trending during the laboratory testing, and two other bearings that were set-out for temperature trending by the UP, were mounted next to six high impact wheels of at least 70 kips. The impact wheels were used as external vibration sources. Three of these wheels were placed under the fully loaded coal car, and the other three under the empty car. The remaining components used in the test were all defect free bearings and wheels. All sixteen bearings were instrumented with thermocouples and accelerometers, with four additional accelerometers monitoring the track joints and defects and the car pitch and bounce. This paper provides a summary of the initial analysis of the acquired data which indicates that the field test was successful in verifying the laboratory findings.
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Sulistyorini, Sri, Deni Setiawan, and Kurnia Widi Haryono. "The Application Of Make A Match As A Model Of Cooperative Learning To Improve Students Learning Achievement In The Learning Of Locomotor Organs In Animals And Human Beings To Grade V Students Of Sekolah Dasar Lab School UNNES." In Proceedings of the International Conference Primary Education Research Pivotal Literature and Research UNNES 2018 (IC PEOPLE UNNES 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icpeopleunnes-18.2019.55.
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Rakshit, Sushanta Mohan, Michael Hempel, and Hamid Sharif. "A Modular Energy Model for the Low Power Radio Domain in Linear-Topology Hybrid Technology Networking." In 2017 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2017-2299.
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The North American Freight Railroad industry has been exploring ways in which on-board real time or near real-time monitoring of important railcar components and cargo can be accomplished. This approach alleviates the danger from fast occurring catastrophic events like bearing failure, which is not always possible using the traditional wayside monitoring techniques. The use of Wireless Sensor Networks is a viable candidate technology that is being explored for this application. However, popular communication protocols based on IEEE 802.15.4 have been evaluated by the railroad industry and our lab, and were found to perform unacceptably for this application domain, among other reasons, as a consequence of the long linear chain-like network topology of a sensor network deployment on a train. Hybrid Technology Networking (HTN) protocol has been designed to address these issues. HTN structures the network as a communication hierarchy using multiple different network technologies. It allows small clusters to communicate internally using IEEE 802.15.4 and utilizes IEEE 802.11 as the inter-cluster transport method for data delivery over multiple hops to the locomotive. It aims to maximize the benefits afforded by each technology. Energy is a scarce resource in such networks and hence modeling it for energy analysis and optimization is vital. A model that accurately predicts the energy consumption of a particular network deployment is therefore of utmost necessity. However, most modelling efforts concentrate on network deployments utilizing only a single type of communication protocol and the structure of such deployments are often mesh-like. Also the existing modelling approaches tend to model the entire network as a single phenomenon, which is often not the case in network deployments such as those in the freight railroad scenario. It is also expensive to commission large network deployments to evaluate energy consumption profiles. The problem is compounded when this process has to be repeated for several different communication protocols and channel conditions. The task will be made economically viable and massively scalable with the use of a modular energy model. The philosophy behind our approach is to model the important and contributing constituents of the protocol within each node and also external to the node and then utilize inter-dependencies to connect the individual models. This work is the first step towards a modular energy model for the Hybrid Technology Network, and is also applicable to many other networking approaches. In this work we propose a model design that is capable of predicting the network behavior of nodes in a linear chain-like topology utilizing the ContikiMAC duty cycling protocol for multi-hop communication with the sink node. We have used channel emulation to test hardware nodes in a chain-like topology to validate the model predictions, and present our findings in this paper.