Dissertations / Theses: 'Lamb behaviour'

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Coombs, Tamsin Margaret. "The effect of selection for lean tissue growth on muscle fibre characteristics in lambs, and the implications for welfare." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/17069.

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In the UK annual lamb mortality rates range between 10-30% with the majority of deaths occurring within the first three days of life, however research has shown that lambs that stand and suck quickly are more likely to survive. Modern breeding strategies have led to breeds of sheep, such as the Suffolk, which despite greater lean muscle growth, show slower behavioural development and are less able to thermoregulate in the neonatal period than relatively unselected breeds, such as the Scottish Blackface. The reason for this is unclear however fast growing strains of pigs and cattle have been shown to have a greater proportion of fast-twitch fibres to slow fibres in their muscles, but it is still unknown as to whether these changes in fibre proportions affect muscle function and behaviour. Thus the aim of this project is to investigate whether selection for lean muscle growth in sheep has altered muscle development by affecting the proportions of different fibre types and determine what effect this may have on the animal’s ability to perform certain behaviours, such as neonatal progression to standing and sucking. As muscle fibre development occurs very early in gestation (starting around day 32) it was also hypothesised that there may also be a relationship between muscle fibre characteristics, and foetal behaviour and presentation at birth. A further hypothesis to be addressed was that maternal undernutrition of 75% of requirements for ewe maintenance and foetal growth for the first 90 days of gestation would have a greater negative effect on muscle fibre development in genotypes selected for lean muscle growth. It was found that Suffolk foetuses (genotype selected for lean growth) were significantly less active at days 56 and 77 of gestation than Blackface foetuses (genotype relatively unselected for growth) while nutritionally restricted foetuses were more active at day 56 than control foetuses. A subsequent study found that there was a negative relationship between foetal activity at day 56 and neonatal activity while activity at day 98 of gestation was positively associated with neonatal activity. A relationship was also found between foetal activity and presentation at birth with malpresented lambs being less active as foetuses at day 77 of gestation than normally presented lambs. Suffolk foetuses had lower proportions of slow twitch (SO) fibres and higher proportions of fast-oxidative-glycolytic (FOG) fibres in the soleus (postural muscle) than Blackface foetuses and SO fibre proportions were positively correlated with foetal activity at days 56 and 77 of gestation while fast twitch (FOG and FO) and transitional (Trans) fibre proportions were negatively correlated with foetal activity at each scanning period. Suffolk lambs showed significantly slower neonatal behavioural development than Blackface lambs and there was an interaction between breed and nutritional treatment with prenatally undernourished Suffolk lambs consistently being less active and prenatally undernourished Blackface lambs being more active than all other groups of lambs. At slaughter at 164 days old, Suffolk lambs had lower proportions of SO fibres and higher proportions of fastglycolytic (FG) fibres in the soleus muscle while also having a lower proportion of FG fibres in the plantaris (muscle involved in movement of the limb) than Blackface lambs. SO fibre proportions in the soleus muscle were found to be positively correlated with total duration standing and walking in the early neonatal period while proportion of FG fibres in the plantaris was negatively correlated with duration of lying laterally following birth. The results from this study indicate that divergent breeding strategies have led to differences in muscle fibre proportions within certain muscles in sheep and also that there may be a relationship between muscle development and both foetal and neonatal lamb behaviour. This research has added to our understanding of the consequences of selection for growth on the function of the animal and it is hoped that it will lead to the development of broader breeding goals which incorporate welfare characteristics.

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Van, der Merwe Melissa. "Asymmetric information, principal-agent behaviour and governance mechanisms in the South African lamb supply chain." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/63347.

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The recent addition of Karoo Lamb to South Africa’s repertoire of products with a regional identity attracted extensive publicity. The news headlines that spoke of challenges to protect the geographical name, discrepancies among supply chain stakeholders and the outright opportunism and exploitation of the geographical name made Karoo Lamb a particularly interesting case study to examine. Regrettably, the niche product “Karoo Lamb” has not yet come to its own. In an effort to support the development of this initiative, the thesis sets out to address the central question; “How do we increase farmer participation in differentiated product supply chains, whilst discouraging opportunistic behaviour so that the performance of these chains can be optimised?” The overarching question, mentioned above, is addressed in four independent but related research papers by using the differentiated Karoo Lamb supply chain as a case study. The specific questions considered in these papers are:  What are the claims most vulnerable to opportunistic behaviour?  What drives a farmer’s tendency to behave opportunistically, and how can these drivers be used to prevent opportunistic behaviour?  What factors encourage a farmer to participate in a differentiated supply chain?  What enforcement mechanisms are best suited to prevent the opportunistic behaviour of farmers?  What governance mechanisms are currently employed to govern the supply chain?  Are the governance and enforcement mechanisms properly aligned to guarantee the authenticity of the differentiated product? The thesis employed the principals of agency theory, transaction cost economics, and contract theory to address the practical problems faced by the Karoo Meat of Origin certification scheme. The thesis combined quantitative and qualitative research methods to analyse the data collected from four primary stakeholders involved in the Karoo Lamb supply chain. From the total population of 209 certified Karoo Lamb farmers, 73 farmers were interviewed on their farms in the Karoo region. In addition to the farmers, five abattoirs, two processors and/or packers and five retail outlets were interviewed. Results supported the expectation that a farmer’s decision to invest in the collective reputational capital of a product is shaped by his/her relationship with the abattoir, and the ease with which business is conducted. The easier it is for the farmer to do business with the abattoir the more likely the farmer is to invest in the Karoo Lamb initiative. Other, more personal attributes, such as the farmer’s risk profile, education and his/her network also proved to influence his/her willingness to invest in the collective reputation. The efforts to increase the membership base of Karoo Lamb contributes to the success story of Karoo Lamb. The success of the initiative, however, remains threatened by opportunism. The investigation revealed the “from the Karoo” and “free range” claims as the most vulnerable to opportunistic behaviour specifically during times of droughts. The study further revealed a lack of information exchange between the farmers and abattoirs, specifically regarding droughts, feeding practices and disease treatments, as the leading driver for opportunistic behaviour. An increase in information sharing, within the farmer network, and with the abattoir, is therefore recommended. This is the main strategy to reduce or eradicate the opportunistic behaviour of farmers. In addition to broadening farmer investments in the reputational capital of Karoo Lamb and to preventing the opportunistic behaviour of farmers, the success of the Karoo Lamb initiative also requires an alignment between the enforcement and governance mechanisms. The investigation supported the notion that the State-appointed third party is relatively unsuccessful when it specifically comes to the monitoring of the Karoo farmers for compliance with production standards. Due to the failure of the third party, the thesis made an attempt to explore alternative monitoring and enforcement mechanisms. The results indicate that the majority of the Karoo Lamb stakeholders preferred monitoring and enforcement mechanisms that include more frequent monitoring and stricter prosecution strategies to deal with non-compliant stakeholders. Owing to many years of commodity style operations throughout the supply chain, the correct vehicle for ensuring the proper implementation of the enforcement mechanisms remains a challenge. The assessment of the Karoo Lamb supply chain reveals non-contractual arrangements with qualified partners as being the most frequently utilised governance mechanism. However, this mechanism is not sufficient when the third party fails to monitor and enforce the production standards accurately. Therefore, with a view to ensuring the credibility of Karoo Lamb, a move to toward more hierarchical arrangements, are expected, which would provide a stronger focus on private or mutual enforcement mechanisms. This means that the stakeholders in the supply chain would be jointly responsible for the credibility of the product and therefore jointly responsible for the enforcement of quality and origin standards.
Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
Red Meat Research and Development SA
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development
PhD
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Capper, Judith Louise. "The effect of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid and vitamin E supplementation of ewes on neonatal lamb behaviour and performance." Thesis, Open University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.417467.

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Krawczel, Peter Downs. "Effect of duration of transport on indicators of stress in lambs." Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4882.

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Recommendations for the transportation of lambs from a European Commission, which required rest stops of 6 or 24 h, every 8 h, were evaluated for efficacy of reducing stress indicators using Rambouillet x Suffolk lambs (17.6 ÃÂ± 0.5 kg). The lambs were randomly assigned to one of three groups: 1) transported for 22 h (Continuous; n = 15); 2) transported for 8 h, unloaded and rested for 6 h, transported for 8 h, unloaded and rested for 24 h, transported for 6 h (Rested, n = 15); and 3) Control, which remained in home pasture throughout the study (n = 16). The rest stops were off-trailer; a different pen was used for each; and, a limited amount of grain and ad lib hay and water were provided. Mean temperature in the trailer during the study was 28.4ÃÂ° C with a range of 18.2ÃÂ° C to 39.6ÃÂ° C. Food deprivation in the Continuous lambs was reflected by a decrease in plasma glucose (P < 0.001) and an increase in blood urea nitrogen (P < 0.001), creatinine (P < 0.02) and total bilirubin (P < 0.001) relative to the Rested or the Control lambs. Electrolytes varied within and between all three treatments (P < 0.05), but no distinct pattern indicating dehydration was evident. Serum concentrations of cortisol were greater (P < 0.05) in Continuous lambs than in the Control lambs at 14 h and both the Continuous and Rested lambs had higher concentrations of cortisol (P < 0.05) compared to the Control lambs at 22 h. Plasma IgG antibody response to ovalbumin was suppressed (P < 0.05) in the Continuous and Rested lambs compared to the Control lambs. Lambs in both transported treatments ate grain immediately upon release into the rest pens and drinking occurred following the food consumption. The Continuous lambs lost a greater (P < 0.05) amount of initial BW at the conclusion of transport compared to the Rested lambs and had a lower BW (P < 0.05) than the Rested and Control lambs 8 d after the start of transport. Rest stops improved welfare by reducing physical stress of food deprivation and eliminating BW loss during transport. However, rest stops failed to completely alleviate immunosuppression and 52 h were required to complete the otherwise 22 h long trip. The additional costs of providing the benefits of the rest stops should be examined before these regulations are widely implemented.

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Oppong-Anane, Kwame. "The following (walking) ability of the neonatal lamb." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1991. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09pho62.pdf.

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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 276-2970. Investigations presented involve 18 hour to 5 day old South Australian merino lambs. Some twin lambs were available for comparative studies. Examines the relationship between the strength of ewe-lamb bond and the lamb's ability to follow the mother, the energy availability and usage in the lamb, particularly for locomotion, and the metabolic and cardiorespiratory responses to locomotion.

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Pent, Gabriel J. "Lamb performance, behavior, and body temperatures in hardwood silvopasture systems." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/76730.

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Trees in silvopastures may provide forage-livestock systems with multiple goods and services, including shade, shelter, and browse. Reports of forage and animal productivity from these systems indicate that, in some cases, animal gains are similar or better despite lower forage yield. The relationship between grazing system, body temperature, grazing behavior, and animal performance was explored in this study. Black walnut and honeylocust-based silvopasture systems were compared with open pastures in a randomized complete block design (r = 3) over three summers. Pastures were rotationally stocked with 5-7 lambs depending on forage availability. Lambs were weighed every four weeks. Behavior measures were recorded within a replicate within a week, and these measures were taken sequentially within three experimental periods. Ewe lambs (n = 3) were equipped with a vaginal temperature sensor (3 days) and an audio recording device (1 day) to detect prehension events. Cameras documented lamb behavior every 60 seconds. Forage measurements taken with a rising plate meter indicated greater productivity in the honeylocust silvopasture (5020 ± 30 kg · ha⁻¹ ) compared to the open pasture (4930 ± 30 kg · ha⁻¹ ; P = 0.0281), though forage availability in the black walnut silvopastures (3560 ± 30 kg · ha⁻¹ ) was lower than within the other treatments (P < 0.0001). There was no difference in animal gains between systems (P ≥ 0.4813), though gains were highest in the honeylocust silvopastures (25.6 ± 3.4 kg · period⁻¹ ), followed by the gains of the black walnut silvopastures (22.3 ± 3.4 kg · period⁻¹ ), and the gains of the open pastures (22.2 ± 3.4 kg · period- 1 ). Lambs in silvopastures spent more time lying down than animals in the open pastures (P ≤ 0.01), while lambs in the open spent more than two hours longer each day standing (P < 0.0001). During the hottest part of the day, ewes in the open pasture were 0.4 °C hotter than ewes in the black walnut silvopastures (P ≤ 0.0202). Lambs in the black walnut silvopastures grazed more (488 ± 14 minutes · day⁻¹ ) than lambs in the honeylocust silvopastures (438 ± 15 minutes · day⁻¹ ; P = 0.0192) and the open pastures (417 ± 14 minutes · day⁻¹ ; P = 0.0009), with no difference between the latter two systems (P = 0.3073). There was no difference in daily bites taken (P ≥ 0.7222), though lambs in the silvopastures grazed more frequently than lambs in the open pastures. In one six week winter grazing study, animal performance in the honeylocust silvopastures was compared with the productivity of lambs grazing the open pastures and the black walnut silvopastures. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of these pods on lamb growth when animals grazed stockpiled tall fescue (Schedonorus arundinaceus). Preand post-graze forage mass was estimated with a double sampling technique using a rising plate meter. Treatment pastures were rotationally stocked with three (walnut) or six lambs per experimental unit depending on forage availability. Fescue grab samples were collected every other rotation. Crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and total digestible nutrients (TDN) were estimated with a robust equation using NIR spectroscopy. Pre- and post-graze pod mass per hectare was estimated using randomly placed quadrats. Lambs were naïve to pods and did not readily consume the fodder until four weeks into the trial, and the methods for estimating pod intake were not sufficient to detect pod differences in pre- and post-graze pod mass. Forage availability in the honeylocust silvopastures (5130 ± 90 kg · ha⁻¹ ) and open pastures (5050 ± 90 kg · ha⁻¹ ; P=0.7580) was greater (P < 0.0001) than forage availability in the black walnut silvopastures (3790 ± 90 kg · ha⁻¹ ). Treatment had no effect (P = 0.3763) on average daily gains across the six weeks of the study. However, lambs within the honeylocust silvopastures had greater (P = 0.0251) average daily gains in the final period (0.12 ± 0.02 kg · day⁻¹ ) than lambs within the open pastures (0 ± 0.02 kg · day⁻¹ ), and lambs were observed consuming the pods. These data suggest that honeylocust pods may support greater gains of lambs, but that previous exposure and longer study periods in pasture settings may be necessary to see their nutritional benefit when grazing high quality forages.
Ph. D.

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Pullin, Allison Nicole. "The Effect of Environment and Social Dynamics on Lamb Behavior." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1492511346580333.

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Lourenço, Jacqueline Areal. "Children consumer behaviour field lab: the Nestum consumer." Master's thesis, NSBE - UNL, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/10285.

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A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Management from the NOVA – School of Business and Economics
The goal of this work project is to help Nestum understand its consumers as to better comprehend the needs, tastes and routines of the target consumer, children with ages between 6 and 10. Knowing one's consumers is vital to stay relevant and also understand how to innovate and differentiate in a day and age where private labels are increasingly becoming consumed which has a negative impact on brands such as Nestum. Additionally with the ever more diverse and connected worlds, cultures and habits are being changed which affect how, when and what products are consumed. In conclusion, the main goal of this work project is to understand what children are eating, what are their routines and habits as to help Nestum remain relevant as a brand with a strong cultural attachment in Portugal.

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Aly, Safwan Krishnamurti Ramesh. "A framework for interaction and task decomposition for objects emulating agency behavior /." Pittsburgh, Pa. : Carnegie Mellon University, 2000. http://code.arc.cmu.edu/lab/upload/aly%5Fphd%5Fthesis.0.pdf.

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Rutledge, M. P. "Assessing demand for organic lamb using choice modelling." Diss., Lincoln University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1110.

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The worldwide market for organic foods is growing fast, but New Zealand meat producers have been slow to respond. Specifically, New Zealand producers have little or no organic lamb products for export or domestic sale. Part of the reason for this hesitancy to meet demand with supply is that the nature of the demand and consumer willingness to pay for the product is not well understood. The purpose of this study is to investigate New Zealand organic food consumers’ attitudes towards organic food and production methods and to evaluate consumer willingness to pay for an organic lamb product. Data for this study was collected using computer aided personal interviewing (CAPI) in supermarkets and speciality stores in Christchurch and Wellington. The study questioned consumers about their consumption habits, attitudes towards organic food and production methods and presented choice modelling scenarios to test willingness to pay for different attributes of lamb. Factor analysis is used to group the 12 attitudinal questions into three factors which were then placed into a two step cluster analysis to create consumer segments. Choice modelling was then used to measure consumer preferences for the tested attributes of lamb. From the factor and cluster analysis three distinct consumer segments were found and labelled as Committed Organic Seekers, Convenience Organic Consumers and Incidental Organic Consumers. These labels reflect each group’s organic consumption habits and attitudes towards organic food. The choice modelling results show that there is a willingness to pay for organic lamb. The three identified consumer groups state they would pay a premium of 61%, 44% and 26% respectively for organic lamb over standard pasture raised lamb. This paper gives an insight into consumer attitudes and preferences towards a product that could provide a way for New Zealand farmers to increase their returns. It contributes to the body of knowledge about the likely consumer profiles of regular consumers of organic food. There are only a few other studies that have attempted to measure consumer attitudes and willingness to pay for organic meat, however, the author is not aware of any published example of a study that has specifically investigated demand for organic lamb anywhere in the world. The study provides information about stated willingness to pay for five different attributes of lamb; this information should be of value in assisting the industry by showing which product offerings are likely to generate the highest sale price.

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Lalani, Salim. "The effects of vagal denervation on cardiorespiratory and behavioural responses in the newborn lamb." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0016/MQ55223.pdf.

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Pörhölä, Sofia. "Miljöberikning för domesticerade lamadjur i en djurpark : En studie om lama (Lama glama) och alpacka (Vicugna pacos) och deras beteenden." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-93396.

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The purpose of this study was to enrich the environment for llama (Lama glama) and alpaca (Vicugna pacos) in a zoo. The zoo is located in northern Sweden (Umeå, Mickelträsk). The llama herd consists of three individuals of breed qara, two males and one female and the alpaca herd consists of six individuals of breed huacaya, one male, four females and one foal. The species lived in separate enclosures, they lived outside all year round and they had a shelter for wind and rain protection. They feed on pasture and were fed hay and pellet concentrate. A behavioral-study was carried out in April 2014, a five-day study where each of the species were observed 3 h a day, 1,5 h in morning and afternoon. The behavioral of llama and alpaca were observed individually and each behavior was observed in terms of duration and frequency. The study observed if the animals had a possibility to implement their natural behaviors in their enclosures and whether they showed any abnormal- or stereotypical behaviors that can occur in captivity. The questions I wanted to answer were: (1) what behaviors are occurring, (2) Is it possible to indicate from the behaviors if the animals are doing well or not, (3) Is there a difference in behaviors in the morning and afternoon? (4) Is there a difference between the sexes? (5) What actions should be undertaken to enrich and improve the habitat for llamas and alpacas in a zoo? The results from the study show that llamas and alpacas show many normal and natural behaviors, no abnormal-or stereotypical behaviors were visible. Some behaviors were more common in morning and some in afternoon and there were differences in behaviors between the sexes. Example for some environmental enrichment for the llamas and alpacas in the zoo was to add logs, trees, shrubs and sand piles to the enclosure.

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Vaughn, Jonathan Scott. "The Firefighter, The Babysitter, and The Sacrificial Lamb: Identity and Consent Among Customer Service Supervisors." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1243962382.

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Matheson, Stephanie. "Genetic selection for health and welfare traits in lambs." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/7625.

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Lamb mortality remains a significant welfare and economic issue for sheep production. Two significant causes of mortality are dystocia and low lamb vigour; both requiring high levels of human care to ensure lamb survival. Genetic solutions to reduce lamb mortality and its main causes (dystocia and low vigour lambs) are desirable, with at least two possible solutions available: (i) use of suitable breeds or strains and (ii) intrabreed selection. Approach (i) requires the existence of breed/strain differences in the desired traits and approach (ii) needs sufficient intrabreed genetic variance. Reproductive and behavioural traits are, however, difficult to quantify and measure on farm. On dedicated research farms, lamb vigour has been measured using latencies to perform specific behaviours (e.g. standing and sucking) but this methodology is difficult to transfer to a commercial setting - timed behavioural traits are not as easy to measure on farm when compared with categorical indicator traits. Therefore, proxy methods (categorical scoring systems) are needed to measure behaviour traits in a manner that allows for collection of sufficient data to enable genetic analysis. The main purpose of this thesis was to develop such proxy methods, to estimate the heritability of lamb traits, and thus to investigate whether it is possible to improve the welfare of lambs through selection of parents with superior vigour and lambing ease characteristics. Scoring systems were developed for quantifying neonatal lamb fitness and behaviour traits. Detailed historical behaviour data were analysed to develop criteria for three scores: birth assistance (BA), lamb vigour (LV) and sucking assistance (SA). These scoring systems were then validated in a separate flock by simultaneously recording scores and the latency to perform certain landmark behaviours. The results obtained indicated that the scoring systems developed were a practical, reliable and sensitive indicator of lamb fitness traits. To determine whether neonatal lamb vigour traits were heritable, scores from the scoring systems previously developed and validated were recorded in an experimental flock of pure-bred Texel sheep for the purpose of estimating genetics parameters for each trait. Results indicated that heritabilities for all traits range from low-moderate, BA 0.43 (s.e. 0.063), LV 0.15 (s.e. 0.059), SA (0.27 (s.e. 0.045), suggesting there is sufficient variation present within this Texel sub-population to allow for selection for improved neonatal fitness traits. Thus far, we have determined that neonatal traits are heritable and can be measured using proxy scoring systems. The next step was to establish whether the proxy scores developed were feasible, in a commercial setting, for the mass data collection needed for estimation of genetic parameters and to determine the relationship between neonatal traits and later production traits, with the aim of integrating this data into breeding programmes. A total of 11,092 lambs with complete neonatal records, from 290 flocks belonging to the Industrial Partner, the Suffolk Sheep Society (UK), were analysed to report the genetic variance present within the UK population of registered pure-bred Suffolk sheep. The results from this analysis show that heritabilities were moderate for BA, 0.26 (s.e. 0.03), LV, 0.40 (s.e. 0.04) and SA, 0.32 (s.e. 0.03) with genetic correlations between neonatal traits all moderate to high and positive. This demonstrates that neonatal fitness traits can have heritabilities comparable to those of production traits. The analysis also shows that neonatal survival traits of birth assistance and sucking assistance are moderately heritable, when treated as a lamb trait rather than a sire or ewe trait, indicating the selection should target the lambs in order to successfully, and efficiently, improve survival. A possible alternative method for improving dystocia and lamb vigour would be to introgress genes for improved lambing ease and lamb vigour from the New Zealand strain of Suffolk sheep into the British Suffolk strains. However, there has been no published record of how much ‘NZ genetics’ would improve (or compare to) British Suffolk’s under standard UK management practises. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to examine possible differences in neonatal behavioural traits (birth assistance, lamb vigour and sucking assistance) between NZ and UK Suffolks when used as terminal sires on commercial cross-bred ewes. Thus, neonatal scores from cross-bred lambs sired by rams from one of the three main Suffolk strains currently used in the UK were compared. The analysis indicated there was no significant effect of sire strain on any of the neonatal traits, and that individual sire variation was greater than the variation between the strains. In conclusion, the work contained within this thesis shows that neonatal lamb behaviour traits can be measured accurately and easily using well-realised and biologically relevant scoring systems. Furthermore, these scoring systems are a feasible and practical method of measuring neonatal lamb vigour which may be used to evaluate management systems and to improve selection criteria for neonatal traits.

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Mathebula, X. L. "Nxopaxopo ya matikhomelo ya vasati va tinghamula eka matsalwa ya Xitsonga lama hlawuriweke." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1774.

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Thesis (M. A. (Xitsonga)) -- University of Limpopo,2015
The purpose of this study is to analyse the behaviour of tycoon’s wives in the selected literature, namely; Ndzhaka ya vusiwana by B.K.M. Mtombeni and Mangava ya Joni by D.R.Maluleke. In Ndzhaka ya vusiwana two stories were analysed, namely; “Mudlayi wo tidlaya” and “Vubombi bya swolomba”. In Mangava ya Joni two stories were analysed, namely; “Xiwelano” and “Xihahisile”. Textual analysis was used in this study to analyse the behaviour of tycoons’ wives. Textual analysis is the method communication researchers use to describe and interpret the characteristics of a recorded and visual message. The purpose of textual analysis is to describe the content, structure and functions of the messages contained in texts. This study was attempted to answer the following questions:  What is the behaviour of the wives of tycoons in Xihungasi and Mangava ya Joni?”  What influenced the wives of tycoons to have such behaviour?  What are the benefits of such behaviour? The findings of the study revealed that in most cases, the wives of tycoons have good behaviour. They love their rich husbands and children, are very hardworking and they respect other people. The findings of this study also revealed that in most cases the tycoons have various behaviour patterns. Some tycoons have good behaviour while others are violent, hate other people and dishonest. The findings of this study also revealed that the wives of tycoons are influenced by their childhood behaviour, neighbours and friends. Their love to their husbands also influence them to behave properly.

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Billiards, Saraid Sheelagh. "Neurosteroid and somnogenic responses to endotoxin and hypoxia treatments in lambs." Monash University, Dept. of Physiology, 2003. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/9553.

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Pearce, Graeme. "Biases and discrimination : an economic analysis using lab and field experiments." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/23749.

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This thesis uses laboratory and field experiments to examine the underlying motivations that drive biased and discriminatory behaviour. Its focus is on the differential treatment of others that stems from individuals’ preferences for particular social and ethnic groups. The unifying theme of this thesis is the exploration of how such discriminatory tastes can manifest themselves within individuals’ social and other–regarding preferences, determining the extent to which they care about the welfare of others. The prevalence and implications of these types of preferences are considered in both market and non–market settings.

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Evangelista, Monalisa Eva Santos. "Diel and nutritional variables in Santa Ines lambs castrated and uncastrated submitted to food restriction." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2015. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=15951.

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FundaÃÃo de Amparo Ã Pesquisa do Estado do CearÃ
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of food restriction and sexual group on intake, digestibility of nutrients: dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), mineral matter (MM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), non-fibrous carbohydrates (NFC), total carbohydrates (TC), total digestible nutrients (TDN) and diel behavior patterns intake of Santa Ines lambs. A total of 30 sheep was used, with average initial weight of 13.00 Â 1.49 kg in a completely randomized design in factorial 3x2, with three levels of restriction (ad libitum, 30 and 60%) and two sexual groups (castrated and uncastrated). The animals were fed on experimental diet composed of a forage:concentrate ratio of 60:40, with Tifton-85 hay (Cynodon spp.) as roughage. There was no sexual group effect or interaction between sexual group and food restriction levels for all variables analysed (P>0.05). The consumption of all nutrients were influenced by food restriction levels (P<0.05), decreasing according to the increase in restriction levels. Conversely, nutrient digestibility coefficients increased proportionally with food restriction levels (P<0.05). The feeding behavior variables were influenced by food restriction (P<0.05). Variations in feed time (hour/day), rumination efficiency (g DM/hour) and (g NDF/hour), ruminating time (hour/day) and total chewing time (hour/day) decreased with rising levels of food restriction (P<0.05). For the âFeed efficiency‟ variable (g DM/hour) and (g NDF/hour), food restriction led to an increase in efficiency of the restricted animals (P<0.05). Similarly, the increase in levels of food restriction promoted greater time spent in idleness restriction of animals (P<0.05). The variable number of ruminal bolus (No./day) and ruminating chewing number reduced with food restriction (P<0.05). However, chewing ruminating time increased with the restriction (P<0.05). As conclusion, food restriction promotes a reduction in nutrient intake and increased digestibility of the diet, thus providing increased efficiency in the absorption of nutrients in animals undergoing the level of 60% food restriction. The feeding behavior patterns are also altered by dietary restriction, especially the food expenditures times, ruminating and idleness and ruminating chewing patterns.
Objetivou-se com o presente estudo avaliar o efeito da restriÃÃo alimentar e da classe sexual sobre o consumo, digestibilidade dos nutrientes: matÃria seca (MS), matÃria orgÃnica (MO), matÃria mineral (MM), proteÃna bruta (PB), extrato etÃreo (EE), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), fibra em detergente Ãcido (FDA), carboidratos totais (CHOT), carboidratos nÃo fibrosos (CNF), nutrientes digestÃveis totais (NDT) e os padrÃes nictemerais do comportamento ingestivo de cordeiros Santa InÃs. Foram utilizados 30 ovinos com peso mÃdio inicial de 13,00 Â 1,49 kg, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 3x2, com trÃs nÃveis de restriÃÃo (ad libitum, 30 e 60%) e duas classes sexuais (castrados e nÃo castrados). Os animais foram alimentados com dieta experimental em relaÃÃo volumoso:concentrado de 60:40, sendo o feno de capim-Tifton 85 (Cynodon spp.) utilizado como volumoso. NÃo houve efeito de classe sexual ou interaÃÃo entre classe sexual e nÃvel de restriÃÃo alimentar para todas as variÃveis analisadas (P>0,05). O consumo de todos os nutrientes foi influenciado pelos nÃveis de restriÃÃo alimentar (P<0,05), decrescendo de acordo com o aumento nos nÃveis de restriÃÃo. Inversamente, os coeficientes de digestibilidade dos nutrientes aumentaram proporcionalmente aos nÃveis de restriÃÃo alimentar (P<0,05). As variÃveis de comportamento ingestivo foram influenciadas pela restriÃÃo alimentar (P<0,05). As variÃveis tempo de alimentaÃÃo (h/dia), eficiÃncia de ruminaÃÃo (g MS/h) e (g FDN/h), tempo de ruminaÃÃo (h/dia) e tempo de mastigaÃÃo total (h/dia) decresceram com o aumento nos nÃveis de restriÃÃo alimentar (P<0,05). JÃ para a eficiÃncia de alimentaÃÃo (g MS/h) e (g FDN/h), a restriÃÃo alimentar ocasionou um aumento desta variÃvel dos animais em restriÃÃo (P<0,05). De forma semelhante, o aumento nos nÃveis de restriÃÃo alimentar, promoveu uma maior permanÃncia em Ãcio dos animais em restriÃÃo (P<0,05). As variÃveis nÃmero de bolos ruminais (nÂ/dia) e nÃmeros de mastigaÃÃo merÃcicas reduziram com a restriÃÃo alimentar (P<0,05). No entanto, o tempo de mastigaÃÃo merÃcica aumentou com a restriÃÃo (P<0,05). Conclui-se que a restriÃÃo alimentar promove a reduÃÃo no consumo de nutrientes e o aumento na digestibilidade da dieta, proporcionando assim, uma maior eficiÃncia na absorÃÃo dos nutrientes nos animais submetidos ao nÃvel de 60% de restriÃÃo alimentar. Os padrÃes de comportamento ingestivo tambÃm sÃo alterados pela restriÃÃo alimentar, principalmente os tempos gastos com alimentaÃÃo, ruminaÃÃo e Ãcio e os padrÃes de mastigaÃÃo merÃcicas.

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19

Dang, Wengang. "Shear behavior of plane joints under CNL and DNL conditions: Lab testing and numerical simulation." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg Universitaetsbibliothek "Georgius Agricola", 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:105-qucosa-227649.

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The aim of this research work is to deepen the understanding of joint shear behavior under different boundary conditions. For this purpose, joint closure tests under quasi-static and dynamic conditions, direct shear and cyclic shear tests under CNL and DNL boundary conditions of plane joints are performed using GS-1000 big shear box device. The dissertation also presents the procedure to simulate the shear box device and simulating the behavior of plane joints at the micro-scale using FLAC3D. Special attention has been given to understand the influencing factors of the normal stress level, direct shear rate, horizontal cyclic shear frequency, normal impact frequency, horizontal cyclic shear displacement amplitude and vertical impact force amplitude. Lab test and numerical simulation results show that the quasi-static joint stiffness increases with increasing normal force. Dynamic joint stiffness decreases with increasing superimposed normal force amplitudes. Normal impact frequencies have little influence on the joint stiffness. Rotations and stress changes at the plane joint during shearing are proven. Rotations and development of stress gradients can be decreased significantly by increasing the size of the bottom specimen and applying a shear velocity at the upper shear box and normal loading piston. Furthermore, peak shear force increases with increasing normal force. Friction angle of cyclic shear tests is smaller than that of direct shear tests. Moreover, significant time shifts between normal and shear force (shear force delay), normal force and friction coefficient (friction coefficient delay) during direct shear tests under DNL boundary conditions are observed and the reference quantity ‘shear-velocity-normal-impact-frequency’ (SV-NIF) to describe the behavior under DNL boundary conditions is defined. Peak shear force and minimum friction coefficient increase with increasing SV-NIF. Relative time shift between normal force and shear force decreases with increase of SV-NIF. The mechanical behavior of the GS-1000 big shear box device is simulated and the loss of normal force caused by the tilting of the loading plate is quantified. Finally, the novel direct and cyclic shear strength criterions under DNL conditions are put forward. The shear strength criterions are in close agreement with the measured values, which indicates that the novel shear strength criterions are able to predict the shear strength under DNL conditions.

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20

Porter, Gregory Lee. "Inquiry into Introductory Chemistry Lab Group Dynamics: Student Collaborative Behavior Based on Structure of Laboratory Curriculum." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/321919.

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21

Camilo, Danilo de AraÃjo. "Ingestive behavior, performance, carcass characteristics and non-carcass components of Morada Nova lambs fed different levels of metabolizable energy." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2011. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=7070.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico
The objective of this study was to evaluate the ingestive behavior, average daily weight gain (ADG), feed conversion (FC), feed efficiency (FE), carcass characteristics, commercial cuts weights and yield, weight of gastrointestinal content and compartments, weight and yield of internal organs of Morada Nova growing lambs fed different levels of metabolizable energy (ME). 32 lambs, non-castrated, with average initial body weight of 12.12 Â 1.69 kg and approximately 60 days of age were used. Animals were distributed into four experimental treatments determined by different levels of metabolizable energy (1.28, 1.72, 2.18 and 2.62 Mcal/kg DM), in a randomized block design with eight replicates per treatment. Tifton 85 hay was used as roughage. Lambs were slaughtered sequentially as the group of animals of each treatment reached an average of 25 kg of body weight. Increasing linear effect was observed of metabolizable energy levels (P<0.05) over dry matter (DM) intake and decreasing linear effect for neutral detergent fiber (NDF) intake, both expressed in g/day, %BW e g/kg0,75. Eating, ruminating and total chewing times, expressed in h/day, decreased linearly (P<0.05) with increasing levels of energy in the rations. Idle time, in turn, increased linearly (P<0.05). Eating and rumination efficiencies were influenced by the energy levels (P<0.05) expressed in g DM/h. The number of ruminal boluses, number of chews and chews per ruminal bolus were not affected by the levels of ME. However, time spent chewing per ruminal bolus was influenced (P<0.05). Increased linear effect (P<0.05) was observed for ADG, without affecting, however FC and FE. Carcass traits such as: empty body weight, hot carcass weight and yield, cold carcass weight and yield, loss by cooling and biological yield were not affected (P>0.05) by the increasing levels of dietary energy. Increased linear effect (P<0.05) was also observed for ribeye area and decreased linear effect (P<0.05) for loss by fasting with the increasing of ME levels. The levels of energy also decreased (P<0.05) the weight of the cuts shoulder and leg (%), and increased linearly the neck (kg), rib, breast and flank expressed in kg and%. There was no effect of energy levels (P>0.05) on weight of gastrointestinal content. Increased linear effect (P<0.05) was observed for the weights of heart, the group of organs lungs, trachea, esophagus and tongue (PTEL), liver and spleen, expressed in kg. Regarding the compartments of the gastrointestinal tract, it was observed increased linear effect (P<0.05) only for rumen-reticulum, in %, and small intestine, in kg. The perirenal, omental and mesenteric fats were also influenced by the energy levels (P<0.05) with linear increase when expressed in kg and %. It was concluded that the increase of ME levels of diets influences the ingestive behavior, promote increases in ADG and ribeye area, and reduction in loss by fasting. Regarding the weights of cuts, levels of ME reduce shoulder and leg and increase neck, rib, chest and flank. Levels of ME also influence positively weight and yield of internal organs, viscera and fats of Morada Nova lambs during the growing period.
Objetivou-se com o presente estudo avaliar o comportamento ingestivo de ovinos, ganho de peso mÃdio diÃrio (GMD), conversÃo alimentar (CA), eficiÃncia alimentar (EA), caracterÃsticas de carcaÃa, pesos e rendimento dos cortes comerciais, peso do conteÃdo e dos compartimentos gastrointestinais, peso e rendimento dos ÃrgÃos internos de ovinos Morada Nova em crescimento alimentados com diferentes nÃveis de energia metabolizÃvel (EM). Foram utilizados 32 animais, nÃo-castrados, peso corporal mÃdio de 12,12 Â 1,69 kg e aproximadamente 60 dias de idade. Os animais foram distribuÃdos em quatro tratamentos experimentais determinados por diferentes nÃveis de EM (1,28; 1,72; 2,18 e 2,62 Mcal/kg de MS), em delineamento em blocos casualizados, com oito repetiÃÃes por tratamento. O feno de Tifton 85 foi utilizado como volumoso. Os cordeiros foram abatidos seqÃencialmente, Ã medida que o grupo de animais de cada tratamento atingia a mÃdia de 25 kg de peso vivo. Foi observado efeito linear (P<0,05) crescente dos nÃveis de energia metabolizÃvel sobre consumo de matÃria seca (MS) e decrescente para o consumo de fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), ambos expressos em g/dia, %PV e g/kg0,75. Os tempos de alimentaÃÃo, ruminaÃÃo e mastigaÃÃo total, expressos em h/dia, diminuÃram linearmente (P<0,05) com o aumento dos nÃveis energÃticos das raÃÃes. O tempo de Ãcio, por sua vez, aumentou linearmente (P<0,05). As eficiÃncias de alimentaÃÃo e ruminaÃÃo foram influenciadas pelos nÃveis de energia (P<0,05) expressas em g MS/h. O nÃmero de bolos ruminais, nÃmero de mastigaÃÃes merÃcicas por dia e nÃmero de mastigaÃÃes merÃcicas por bolo ruminal nÃo foram influenciados (P>0,05) pelos nÃveis de EM das raÃÃes. Para o tempo de mastigaÃÃes merÃcicas por bolo ruminal houve efeito significativo (P<0,05). Verificou-se efeito linear crescente (P<0,05) dos nÃveis de EM sobre o GMD sem afetar, no entanto a CA e EA. As caracterÃsticas de carcaÃa: peso de corpo vazio, peso e rendimento de carcaÃa quente, peso e rendimento de carcaÃa fria, perda por resfriamento e rendimento biolÃgico nÃo foram influenciados (P>0,05) pelos aumentos nos nÃveis de energia da dieta. Houve efeito linear crescente dos nÃveis de energia sobre a Ãrea de olho de lombo e perda por jejum (P<0,05). Observou-se ainda efeito linear decrescente dos nÃveis de EM (P<0,05) sobre o peso dos cortes paleta e perna em %, e crescente sobre os pesos de pescoÃo em kg e costela, peito e fraldinha expressos em kg e %. NÃo foi observado efeito (P>0,05) dos nÃveis de energia sobre o peso do conteÃdo gastrointestinal. Verificou-se efeito linear crescente (P<0,05) dos nÃveis de EM sobre os pesos do coraÃÃo, do conjunto de ÃrgÃos: pulmÃes, traquÃia, esÃfago e lÃngua (PTEL), do fÃgado e baÃo, expressos em kg. Em relaÃÃo aos compartimentos do trato gastrointestinal foi observado efeito linear crescente (P<0,05) dos nÃveis de EM somente sobre o rÃmen-retÃculo em %, e intestino delgado em kg. As gorduras perirenal, omental e mesentÃrica tambÃm foram influenciados pelos nÃveis de energia (P<0,05) com incremento linear para os pesos em kg e %. Conclui-se que o aumento dos nÃveis de energia metabolizÃvel da raÃÃo influencia o comportamento ingestivo de ovinos e proporciona aumentos no GMD, Ãrea de olho de lombo, e reduÃÃo na perda por jejum. Em relaÃÃo aos pesos dos cortes comerciais o aumento nos nÃveis de EM reduz o peso de paleta e perna e aumenta os pesos do pescoÃo, costela, peito e fraldinha. O nÃvel de EM das raÃÃes influencia positivamente no peso e rendimento dos ÃrgÃos internos, vÃsceras e gorduras de ovinos Morada Nova em crescimento.

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22

Odoi, Frederick Nii Ako. "Encouraging lambs to eat barley straw when housed after grazing : effects of previous exposure to straw and isolation on intake and behaviour." Thesis, University of Reading, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.359495.

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23

Van, Do Thi Thanh. "Some animal and feed factors affecting feed intake, behaviour and performance of small ruminants /." Uppsala : Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2006. http://epsilon.slu.se/200632.pdf.

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24

Simoes, Robson Rodrigues. "TERMINAÇÃO DE CORDEIROS EM PASTAGEM CULTIVADA DE AZEVÉM (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) COM DIFERENTES NÍVEIS DE SUPLEMENTAÇÃO COM FARELO DE ARROZ INTEGRAL." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2016. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/10899.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
The study was conducted at Federal University of Santa Maria with aim of to evaluate the effect of levels of energetic supplementation of whole rice bran (Oriza Sativa) on characteristics of herbage production, performance, behavior intake, nutrients intakes, carcass characteristics, live weight components and qualitative and quantitative characteristics from lamb meat weaned of corriedale breed kept in continuous grazing under ryegrass pasture (Lolium multiflorum Lam.). 27 lambs were used and randomly distributed in nine paddocks and three treatments and three replications of area with three lambs per plot. The treatments (levels) were constituted by ryegrass pasture (RP), ryegrass pasture + 1% of live weight of supplement (RP + 1% of LW of SU) and ryegrass pasture + 2% of LW of supplement, (RP + 2% of LW of SU), beside calcitic limestone mixed with supplement and salt ad libitum. The slaughter criteria was the fix time for all treatments that was 50 days of grazing with 12 hours of fasting solid. After was evaluated the carcass characterists, LW components and lamb meat. The experimental design used was completely randomized in factorial design (3x2) and the datas were submitted analysis of variance at 5% significance and Tukey test was used for means comparison and also was used the PROC GLM (SAS, 2013). The use of levels of energetic supplementation of whole rice bran not influenced (P>0.05) on characterists of pasture and animal performance. However, there were differences (P<0.05) for ingestive behavior, for (levels and periods) for variables as leisure, grazing, supplementation, water intake and rumination. For nutrients intake there were differences (P<0.05) between levels for all variables analyzed. There were differences among periods from variables as CMSPA, CMOPD, CFDNPA e CFDNT. For characteristics of carcass occurried differences (P<0.05) for levels for perirenal fat, for meat quality the differences were between variable as crude protein, color of subcutaneous fat and (Longissimus dorsi) muscle.
O estudo foi desenvolvido na Universidade Federal de Santa Maria com o objetivo deavaliar o efeito de níveis de suplementação energética de farelo de arroz integral (Oriza Sativa) sobre as características da pastagem, desempenho, comportamento ingestivo, consumo de nutrientes, características da carcaça, componentes do peso vivo e características físico químicas da carne de cordeiros desmamados da raça Corriedale mantidos em pastejo contínuo em pastagem cultivada de azevém (Lolium multiflorum Lam). O número de animais utilizados foram 27 cordeiros distribuídos ao acaso em nove piquetes com três tratamentos e três repetições de área onde foram alocados três animais por parcela. Os tratamentos (níveis) foram constituídos de: pastagem de azevém (PA), pastagem de azevém + 1% do peso vivo de suplemento (PA+ 1% do PV de SU) e pastagem de azevém + 2% do peso vivo de suplemento (PA + 2% do PV de SU), calcário calcitico misturado ao suplemento e sal mineral à vontade. O critério de abate utilizado foi o tempo fixo para todos os tratamentos, sendo aos 50 dias de pastejo, com jejum de sólidos de 12 horas. Posteriormente avaliaram-se as características da carcaça, componentes do peso vivo e a carne dos cordeiros. Adotou-se o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial (3x2), sendo os dados de cada varável submetidos á análise de variância a 5% de significância e teste Tukey para a comparação de médias; utilizando do PROC GLM (SAS, 2013). O uso de níveis de suplementação energética de farelo de arroz integral não influenciaram (P>0,05) nas características da pastagem e desempenho animal. Entretanto, ocorreram diferenças (P<0,05) para o comportamento ingestivo (níveis e períodos), sobre as variáveis de ócio, pastejo, suplementação, inestão de água e ruminação. Para o consumo de nutrientes, houveram diferenças (P<0,05) entre os níveis para todas as variáveis analisadas e ocorreram diferenças entre períodos das variáveis de CMSPA, CMOPA, CFDNPA e CFDNT. Para as características da carcaça ocorreram diferenças (P<0,05) entre os níveis para o percentual de gordura perirenal. Para a qualidade da carne também ocorreram diferenças entre os níveis de suplementação para as variáveis de proteína bruta cor da gordura subcutânea e a cor do músculo (Longissimus dorsi).

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25

Smith, Norman Alan. "The steady-state and post-ignition transient luminous behaviour of the tubular fluorescent lamp operating throughout the dimmed mode range using high frequency dimming." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.387764.

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26

Spantig, Lisa [Verfasser], and Martin [Akademischer Betreuer] Kocher. "Microfinance and norms : individual and group behavior in the lab and in the field / Lisa Spantig ; Betreuer: Martin Kocher." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1180981952/34.

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Preston, Jenny L. "A Case Study of Parental Behaviors in an English Language Learner Community Technology Literacy Lab Setting and the Extension of the Behaviors in the Home." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2003. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4297/.

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The purpose of the study was to describe a family literacy program attempting to teach adult English language learners (ELL) the knowledge and skills that would allow them to support their children's learning at home. The methodology employed was a multi-case study. Fourteen adult participants were interviewed to gather information regarding the factors that influenced the adult participant's ability to support their child's learning prior to participation in the family literacy program. The study focused on the knowledge, skills and attitudes acquired in the literacy program and used to support their child's learning at home and the curriculum and instruction that the participants used to influence their child's learning. The methodology used to gather information included adult English language learner interviews, field observations, and contact analysis of lesson plans. The following conclusions were derived based on analysis of the data: 1. In the family literacy program that was studied, the only prior factor that appeared to influence the parent's ability to support their child's learning was the education level of the participant. 2. Pronunciation, conversation, listening, grammar and writing are are essential skills that ELL parents use to support their child's learning. Attitudes were directly affected by the participants' ability to master the English language in order to be able to guide their children through the U.S. educational system. 3. The curriculum supported the learning; however the instruction was vital to modeling the procedures for learning that the participants used to support their children's success in school. 4. Regardless of other factors such as marital status, occupation, and other variations in family background, all participants based their ability to support their child's learning on their own ability to master the English language.

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Chang, Lifu [Verfasser], Heinz [Akademischer Betreuer] Konietzky, Heinz [Gutachter] Konietzky, Jens [Gutachter] Engel, and Renliang [Gutachter] Shan. "Behavior of jointed rock masses : numerical simulation and lab testing / Lifu Chang ; Gutachter: Heinz Konietzky, Jens Engel, Renliang Shan ; Betreuer: Heinz Konietzky." Freiberg : Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1221139487/34.

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29

Jochims, Felipe. "Estratégias alimentares para recria de cordeiras em pastagem de milheto." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2008. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/10716.

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The experiment was conducted in the Department of animal science, of the Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, to value a feed strategy for Texel x Ile de France crossbred ewe lambs rearing by animal performance and feeding behavior. All the animals were allocated in a pasture of Pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum (L) Leeke), under continuous variable stocking. The treatments were: corn gluten meal; cassava meal; non supplemented animals. The supplementation were fed at 1% of live weight. It was evaluated weaned ewe lambs. The experimental design was completely randomized with repeated measures in time with tree treatments and two area replicates. The tratament of the corn gluten meal results a bigger average daily gain (P<0,05) and a higher area gain (P=0,06). The supplement supply to the ewe lambs influenced the grazing time bite size and bite rate. Animal of the all treatments reached 60% of your adult live weight.
O presente trabalho foi conduzido na Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, departamento de Zootecnia, com o objetivo de avaliar o desempenho animal e o comportamento ingestivo de cordeiras provenientes de cruzamento entre as raças Texel e Ile de France quando submetidas a diferentes estratégias alimentares na fase de recria. Os animais foram mantidos em pastagem de milheto (Pennisetum americanum(L) Leeke) recebendo suplementação protéica de baixa degradabilidade ruminal (Glúten de milho Protenose), carboidratos prontamente fermentáveis no rúmen (Farinha de mandioca) ou sem receber suplemento. Os suplementos foram fornecidos na quantidade de 1 % do PV. Foram avaliadas cordeiras desmamadas, distribuídas aleatoriamente entre os tratamentos, sendo quatro animais alocados em cada unidade experimental. O delineamento utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado com três tratamentos e duas repetições de área. O fornecimento de glúten de milho proporcionou maiores ganhos individuais (P<0,05) e maior ganho por área (P=0,06). O fornecimento de suplemento aos animais influenciou o tempo de pastejo, taxa de bocado e massa de bocado (P<0,05). No final do ciclo do milheto, os animais de todos os tratamentos atingiram pesos superiores a 60% do seu peso adulto.

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30

Scott, Cody B. "Behavioral Characteristics Affect Habitat Selection of Domestic Ruminants." DigitalCommons@USU, 1995. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6488.

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I evaluated some of the factors affecting livestock distribution by conducting experimental (Chapters II and III) and observational (Chapter IV) studies. In Chapter II, I described the effect of locations of familiar foods and social interactions on choice of feeding location by lambs. Lambs were exposed to a pasture as subgroups of strangers and companions with different dietary habits (i.e., three lambs that preferred milo with three lambs that preferred wheat). Milo was placed on one end and wheat on the other, about 100 m apart. Strangers typically fed in different locations, reflecting dietary preferences. Conversely, companions fed in both single subgroups and in separate subgroups because both social interactions and dietary preferences affected choice of feeding location. The objective of Chapter III was to evaluate the effect of experience with a pasture on choice of feeding location. Lambs with different levels of familiarity with the pasture were exposed as subgroups with different dietary habits. Lambs familiar with the pasture typically fed in separate locations, reflecting dietary preferences. Lambs naive to the pasture always fed in one subgroup and consumed both foods because social interactions overrode dietary preferences. Results in Chapter IV describe cattle observations on a 1,030-ha grazing allotment. Cattle home ranges were similar in location (i.e., site fidelity) between 1990 and 1991, even though home ranges increased in size and (or) shifted in location in response to water availability. Moreover, forage availability did not account for changes in home range size or location. Site fidelity probably developed because of experiences early in life while foraging with mother and (or) peers. Managers may be able to improve distribution by manipulating foraging experiences. Placing familiar foods/supplements in underutilized areas, controlling the amount of experience livestock have with different habitat types, and culling animals that spend a disproportionate amount of time in riparian zones may improve · distribution. Herding could also improve distribution. Herding integrates social interactions and experience with foods by controlling the exposure of social groups to particular foods and habitats. Nevertheless, livestock may still spend considerable time in riparian zones unless other watering points are available.

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Roman, Juliano. "Relação planta-animal em diferentes intensidades de pastejo com ovinos em azevém anual (Lolium multiflorum Lam.)." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2006. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/10895.

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This work aimed to evaluate the utilization of different grazing intensity on the productive and structural characteristics of pasture and on the ingestive behaviour and performance of sheep in continuous grazing. The treatment were different herbage masses (HM) in Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) pasture: LHM: 1000-1200 kg/ha of dry matter (DM); IHM: 1400-1600 kg/ha DM; HHM: 1800-2000 kg/ha DM. The experimental design was the randomly complete, with three treatments and two area replicates. The data were submitted at the regression analysis in function of HM observed in the experimental units: 1136.8, 1190.9, 1359.2, 1375, 1556 e 1739.1 kg/ha DM. The values of leaf lamina mass, pseudostem mass, forage allowance, leaf lamina allowance, sward height, pseudostem height, leaf lamina depth and average daily gain increased linearly with increase of HM (P<0.10). Quadratic effect (P<0.10) in herbage production, herbage losses and herbage disappearance were observed. The stocking rate (kg/ha of live weight and hoggets/ha) and bite rate decreased linearly with increase of HM (P<0.10). No HM effects (P>0.10) on the tiller population density, herbage daily accumulation rate, percentage of pasture utilization, herbage intake, grazing time, ruminating time, idle time, number of daily bite, bite mass, body condition score gain, live weight gain per area and conversion efficiency of forage in live weight were observed. Herbage mass varying among 1136.8 a 1739.1 hg/ha DM in Italian ryegrass pasture affect the herbage production and herbage losses, without influence in the percentage of pasture utilization, weight gain per area and conversion efficiency of forage in animal product. The main factor determining individual performance of animals is the leaf lamina layer depth
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a utilização de diferentes intensidades de pastejo sobre as características produtivas e estruturais da pastagem e sobre o comportamento ingestivo e desempenho de ovinos em pastejo contínuo. Os tratamentos foram diferentes massas de forragem (MF) em pastagem de azevém anual (Lolium multiflorum Lam.): MFB: 1000-1200 kg/ha de matéria seca (MS); MFI: 1400-1600 kg/ha MS; MFA: 1800-2000 kg/ha MS. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com três tratamentos e duas repetições de área. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de regressão em função das MF observadas nas unidades experimentais: 1136,8, 1190,9, 1359,2, 1375, 1556 e 1739,1 kg/ha MS. Os valores de massa de lâminas foliares e de pseudocolmo, oferta de forragem e de lâminas foliares, altura de dossel e de pseudocolmo, profundidade de lâminas foliares e ganho médio diário aumentaram linearmente com aumento da MF (P<0,10). Houve efeito quadrático (P<0,10) para produção, perdas e desaparecimento de forragem. A carga animal (kg/ha PV), taxa de lotação (borregas/ha) e taxa de bocadas diminuíram linearmente com o aumento da MF (P<0,10). Não houve efeito das MF avaliadas (P>0,10) na densidade populacional de perfilhos, taxa de acumulação diária de forragem, porcentagem de utilização da pastagem, consumo de forragem, tempos de pastejo, ruminação e ócio, número diário de bocadas, massa de bocado, ganho de condição corporal, ganho de peso vivo por área e eficiência de conversão de forragem em peso vivo. Massas de forragem variando de 1136,8 a 1739,1 kg/ha MS em pastagem de azevém afetam a produção e perdas de forragem, sem influenciar a porcentagem de utilização da pastagem, o ganho de peso vivo por área e a eficiência de transformação da forragem em produto animal. O principal fator determinante do desempenho individual dos animais é a profundidade da camada de lâminas foliares

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Heydorn, Per. "Inbreeding decreases upwind pheromone : mediated male flight and frequency in female calling behavior in a lab culture of the pyraloid moth Plodia interpunctella." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Fakulteten för naturvetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-18555.

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Semiochemicals are chemicals used to communicate. Animals tend to use these e.g. to locate food sources or to find a suitable mate. In this study, the sex pheromone of the Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella, was analysed. Since this is an economically important species, it is mass-reared in labs and science centers worldwide for experimental purposes. A culture of these moths was brought into the lab at Lund University for studies and has after that served as a model species demonstrating up-wind pheromone-mediated male flight in different courses held by the university. As years went by, the culture got less successful in up-wind flights, most probably because of inbreeding and bottleneck effects, and therefore, a new culture was taken in. This study focuses on using various experiments to see if there was a behavioral and/or physiological difference between the two cultures. Results show a significant difference in behavioral traits (frequency of calling behavior in females and in male up-wind flights) but not in physiological traits (female pheromone production or male antennal response). This study discusses some effects of mass-reared lab cultures.

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Rennie, Anita Ellen. "Studies of chronic inflammatory pain in lambs after rubber ring castration and tail-docking : self-administration of analgesic and neurohistochemistry to validate behavioural assessment." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/29961.

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Following castration and tail-docking by rubber ring, lambs suffer from severe acute pain lasting up to 3 hours. The subsequent formation of inflammatory lesions, at the site of the ring, may be associated with chronic pain. Behaviour that has been used to assess acute pain in castrated lambs, has been associated with these lesions and validation of the use of these behaviours for assessment of chronic pain is necessary. Two approaches were used for validation. Firstly a model in which lambs could learn to self-administer analgesic was developed and used to indicate the presence of chronic pain. As lesions began to form after castration and tail-docking, lambs were given the opportunity to learn about the consequences of consuming a feed containing the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, flunixin meglumine and an identical feed containing no drug. The lambs were then given the opportunity to choose between these feeds until the lesions healed. In the second part of this project, neurohistochemical evidence of chronic inflammatory pain was sought. In situ hybridisation histochemistry was used to seek evidence of a change in the expression of AVP and CRF mRNA in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus of lambs castrated and tail docked by rubber ring. The lesions produced in these studies were as severe as those found in lambs of the same ages in previous studies. Some evidence of ‘pain’ behaviours was found in castrated and tail-docked lambs. Despite this, no evidence that castrated and tail-docked lambs learned to self-administer analgesic was obtained despite trends observed in initial studies. In addition no neurohistochemical evidence of chronic inflammatory pain was found. This evidence suggests that any chronic pain associated with castration and tail-docking lesions is not sufficiently severe to provoke learning about the pain relieving properties of a drugged feed or to induce evidence of a chronic stress response in the HPA axis. However, it is argued that the damage to the tissue at the site of the rubber rings may have induced a local anti-inflammatory and analgesic response, which was sufficient to prevent any pain from the lesions.

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Martinez, Molly S. "Correlates of Suicide-Related Behaviors among Children Ages Six to Twelve." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1384218004.

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Brown, Russell W. "Adolescence." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2004. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/6360.

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Book Summary: More is known about the behavior, anatomy, and molecular biology of the laboratory rat than any other animal species. Although its natural history and psychological functions have been described previously in books, this is the first comprehensive description of its behavior. Both seasoned and beginning investigators will be amazed at the range and complexity of the species as described in the 43 chapters of this volume. The behavioral descriptions are closely tied to the laboratory methods from which they were derived, thus allowing investigators to correlate the behavior and methods and exploit them in their own research. This book is aimed at investigators in neuroscience who may not be familiar with rat behavior, but who wish to incorporate behavioral studies into their own research. Nevertheless, seasoned investigators will also find the book to be a handy reference for behavioral paradigms with which they may not be familiar. It is expected that as the genetic and molecular understanding of the rat develops, there will be an increasing need for knowledge about rat behavior. This book will serve as an indispensable resource for neuroscientists, psychologists, pharmacologists, geneticists, molecular biologists, zoologists, and their students and trainees.

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Sarmiento-Ponce, Edith Julieta. "An analysis of phonotactic behaviour in the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2019. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/290108.

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This thesis represents a comprehensive examination of the phonotactic behaviour (i.e. attraction to sound) of the female Gryllus bimaculatus under laboratory conditions. Chapter 2 is the first study to analyze the effect of substrate texture on walking performance in crickets. Substrate texture is found to play an essential role in the phonotactic responses of G. bimaculatus. Smooth substrate texture has a detrimental effect due to slipping, whereas a rough texture results in optimal walking performance due to the friction with the walking legs. Chapter 3 represents the first detailed lifetime study analysing phonotaxis in crickets. My results demonstrate that the optimal age to test phonotaxis in G. bimaculatus females is from day 7 to 24 after the final moult. I also found that selectiveness was persistent with age. These findings contradict the female choosiness hypothesis. This study is also the first to describe the effect of senescence on phonotaxis in insects, as responsiveness decreases with age. Chapter 4 compares the phonotactic behaviour of female crickets from different laboratory-bred colonies. From six tested cricket lab colonies, I found three groups statistically different from each other. Females raised under laboratory conditions at the University of Cambridge and Anglia Ruskin University were most reponsive at a frequency of 4.5 kHz, whereas females bred in Tokushima University in Japan were tuned towards a higher frequency of 5 kHz. These results suggest a degree of artificial allopatric speciation. Comparisons with crickets bred under low-quality conditions in a local pet shop demonstrate a loss of responsiveness, indicating that breeding conditions have a direct effect on phonotactic responsivity. Chapter 5 is the first study to report the presence of phonotaxis in males of G. bimaculatus. Previously it was unknown if G. bimaculatus males were able to perform phonotaxis, given that they were only recognised as endurance signal producers. In the present study, only 20% of the studied males (N=70) performed a weak phonotactic response. This finding has potential ecological implications in terms of male cricket territory establishment, and male-male interactions in the wild, which are discussed. Chapter 6 explores the song pattern recognition of the female G. bimaculatus by changing the duration of either the first, second or third pulse of the chirps. A long first pulse decreased the phonotactic response whereas phonotaxis remained strong when the third pulse was long. Chirps with three pulses of increasing duration of 5, 20 and 50 ms elicited phonotaxis, but the chirps were not attractive when played in reverse order. The data are in agreement with a mechanism in which processing of a sound pulse has an effect on the processing of the subsequent pulse, as outlined in the flow of activity in a delay-line and coincidence-detector circuit.

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Bremm, Carolina. "Relação planta-animal em pastagem de azevém (lolium multiflorum lam.) e milheto (pennisetum americanum (l.) leeke) com ovinos sob níveis de suplemento." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2007. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/10860.

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This experiment was conducted aiming to elucidate aspects of the plant:animal interface through the ingestive behavior of sheep receiving different supplement levels (0; 0,5; 1,0 and 1,5% of live weight), kept on an Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) pasture during the winter period and Pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke) pasture on summer, under continuous variable stocking. The supplement utilized was a commercial ration. It was evaluated lactating ewes and ewe lambs when with their mothers and after weaning on Italian ryegrass pasture. On Pearl millet, the same ewe lambs were evaluated by experimental unit. The experimental design was completely randomized with repeated measures in time with four supplement levels and two area replicates. Supplement levels, with the structural characteristics of cold season pasture, influenced the ingestive behavior of ewes and ewe lambs (P<0.05). Supplement levels have not influenced (P>0.05) the bite size, being influenced by structure of cold season pasture and crude protein content of forage apparently consumed. On summer period, supplement levels and utilization periods of pasture altered the diurnal grazing, rumination and idling times (P<0.05).
O presente trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de procurar elucidar aspectos pertinentes à interface planta:animal através do comportamento ingestivo de ovinos recebendo diferentes níveis de suplemento (0; 0,5; 1,0 e 1,5% do peso vivo), mantidos em pastagem de azevém (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) no período de inverno e milheto (Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke) no verão, sob pastejo contínuo. O suplemento utilizado foi uma ração comercial. Foram avaliadas ovelhas em lactação e cordeiras quando ao pé da mãe e após a desmama na pastagem de azevém. No milheto, foram avaliadas as mesmas cordeiras por unidade experimental. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com medidas repetidas no tempo, com quatro tratamentos e duas repetições de área. Níveis de suplemento, juntamente com as características estruturais da pastagem de inverno, influenciaram o comportamento ingestivo das ovelhas e cordeiras (P<0,05). Níveis de suplemento não influenciaram (P>0,05) a massa de bocado, sendo influenciado pela estrutura da pastagem de inverno e percentagem de proteína bruta da forragem aparentemente consumida. No período de verão, níveis de suplemento e períodos de utilização da pastagem alteraram os tempos diurnos de pastejo, ruminação e ócio (P<0,05).

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38

Nguyen, Van Manh [Verfasser], Heinz [Akademischer Betreuer] Konietzky, Heinz [Gutachter] Konietzky, Christof [Gutachter] Lempp, and Quang Phich [Gutachter] Nguyen. "Static and dynamic behaviour of joints in schistose rock : lab testing and numerical simulation / Van Manh Nguyen ; Gutachter: Heinz Konietzky, Christof Lempp, Quang Phich Nguyen ; Betreuer: Heinz Konietzky." Freiberg : Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg Universitaetsbibliothek "Georgius Agricola", 2013. http://d-nb.info/1220837342/34.

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Leme, Thays Mayra da Cunha. "Métodos de transporte e períodos de descanso pré-abate sobre nível de estresse e qualidade de carne de ovinos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/74/74131/tde-12042010-133357/.

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Este estudo teve como objetivo estudar as influências de diferentes tipos de manejo de ovinos no nível de estresse e na qualidade de carne e carcaça sob a óptica do bem-estar animal. Foram utilizados 86 animais, confinados após o desmame em baias duplas ou baias coletivas, avaliando-se o comportamento e o ganho de peso dos animais. A reatividade dos animais foi avaliada através do comportamento durante o manejo em balança, nos momentos de embarque e desembarque, e durante a espera pré-abate. O transporte ao abatedouro foi realizado em um caminhão, dividido em dois compartimentos, um parcialmente aberto e outro fechado. Foram aplicados dois períodos de descanso pré-abate, de 1 hora ou 3 horas, após o desembarque. No frigorífico foram colhidas amostras de sangue após o transporte e antes do abate para análise sérica de cortisol, classificadas as carcaças quanto à presença ou ausência de contusões, medidas as temperaturas e pH das carcaças à 1 e 24 horas após o abate. Às 24 horas após o abate foram retiradas amostras do músculo Longissimus dorsi para análise da qualidade de carne, como cor, maciez objetiva e perdas totais ao cozimento. O número de animais por lote confinado influenciou o comportamento dos cordeiros, alterando o padrão de ingestão de alimento, mas não interferiu na reatividade e no ganho de peso destes. O acesso visual ao ambiente externo durante o transporte de cordeiros é um fator estressante, alterando o nível de cortisol sérico, mas não altera as características da carcaça e de qualidade da carne. O período de descanso antes do abate diminui o estresse e reduz os níveis séricos de cortisol dos cordeiros. No entanto, existe uma interação entre o transporte e o período de descanso pré-abate, com consequências diferentes na maciez da carne.
The aim of this study was to improve the knowledge about the influences of different managements practices of sheep in the stress level and meat and carcass quality, from the viewpoint of animal welfare. It was evaluated the behaviour and the weight gain of 86 young animals, confined in double pens or collective pens. The reactivity of the animals was assessed by the behaviour during the weighing procedures, at the moments of loading and unloading, and during the resting periods pre-slaughter. The transport to the slaughterhouse was made by truck. This truck was divided in two areas: in rear area was open and in front area was closed. After the arrival half of the group within each area was subdivided, corresponding of two different periods of resting: 1 hour and 3 hours after landing. After transport and before slaughter blood samples were taken for analysis of cortisol. The carcasses were classified for the presence or absence of injuries, and were taken measures of the temperature and pH at 1 and 24 hours after slaughter. 24 hours after slaughter, samples from the Longissimus dorsi muscle were taken for analysis of colour, tenderness and total cooking losses. The results showed that the number of animals per pen confined had influence in the behaviour of the lambs, by changing the pattern of food intake, but did not affect the reactivity and their weight gain. During the transport, the visual access to the external environment is a stressful factor, increasing the level of serum cortisol. However, does not affect carcass characteristics and meat quality. The rest period before slaughter reduce stress and reduce serum cortisol of lambs. However, there is an interaction between the transport and rest periods pre-slaughter, with different consequences on meat tenderness.

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40

Nash, Marion Marie. "The LAMP language and communication screen used to support teachers to identify speech, language, and communication difficulties in four primary schools in varied social contexts." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/15640.

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The research described here was inspired by a national review which concluded that too many children come into our primary schools with unmet speech and language needs (Bercow, 2008). Teachers are in a position to identify language difficulties but many have expressed uncertainty regarding their role in this process. I believed that the LAMP (Linguistic Assessment for Mapped Provision) screen for language and communication which I had developed would help teachers to identify language concerns and would also increase their professional confidence in this complex area. I had developed the LAMP screening instrument and piloted it over a 2 year period prior to this study. It is employed here as a universal screen that is used in a whole school approach in order to enable teachers to identify language need. The use of the LAMP as a universal screen applied to all the children in a school lessened the likelihood of preconceived notions impacting upon teacher’s perceptions of need in the classroom. The LAMP data allowed schools to track the progress of individual children within a class and whole school context. Teachers need to be aware of any pre-conceptions they may have in relation to the performance of children from different socio economic circumstances. The hypothesis that poverty continues to provide the weightiest detrimental effects upon children’s language development was examined and within the parameters of this study was found to be contestable. Study design: A systematic survey was conducted over 4 Primary schools using the LAMP. Rich picture data was accessed from teacher questionnaires and focus groups involving participants from the schools in the study. The repeated measures design provided information on what teachers had learned in the period of reflection between the screenings. The use of a mixed methods repeated measures design helped me to understand what was difficult for teachers and what the teachers felt would help them. The 4 schools in the study were chosen to reflect varied social contexts in order to explore any impacts of SES on the results. Analysis of data: In a repeated measures design, a LAMP screen was completed for every child across the 4 schools by their teachers in February and then June in one school year. Results of screening were analysed and compared on a range of variables using SPSS. Questionnaires were used to collect teacher perceptions before and after using the LAMP screen. Focus groups were held in the schools at the end of the study to add more information on how helpful teachers felt the process had been in raising their awareness, confidence, and skills in the identification of SLCN. Findings: The main trend observed was a decrease in levels of teacher concern related to children’s speech and language needs from the first to second screening survey. Differences were found at a statistically significant level on a range of variables. The expected differences between high and low socio-economic status (SES) schools were not found. Teachers reported increases in their awareness, confidence, and skill in identifying children’s speech language and communication concerns by the end of the study. Some changes to classroom practice were reported. Conclusions: I propose that use of the LAMP screen increased teacher awareness of the nature of language difficulty and that this heightened awareness was a key variable in the observed changes to language concern scores. The LAMP screening process was seen by schools’ staff to have had a positive effect on teacher’s skills and to be relatively easily assimilated into the school system. However some participants identified a number of challenges relating to time constraints and maintaining the use of LAMP as high profile in the context of competing time demands in their schools. It is suggested that EP services would be in a position to support schools to implement and embed the LAMP screening model as part of their Service provision. It is also proposed that economic deprivation or disadvantage did not appear to be the only important factor to consider when making funding decisions intended to support children’s linguistic competency in schools.

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Ticona, Benique Eduardo. "Concentration of metabolites and behavior of live weight in llamas (Lama glama) fed with natural grass and barley during gestation, postpartum, and new born phases in Turco, department of Oruro." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2009. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5438.

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The llama, a potential socioeconomic resource in the Bolivian highlands, faces serious nutritional deficiencies during the gestational and postpartum stages that negatively affect production. This study was conducted at the Tika Huta Experimental Center in the Llachu community of the Oruro prefecture. Our objectives were to determine metabolite concentration in blood plasma as well as live weight performance of pregnant and postpartum female llamas. Adult and juvenile llamas were fed diets of either plain natural grass or natural grass combined with 0.4 kg of barley hay. In addition, we determined metabolite concentrations in blood plasma and live weight performance of newborns until three months of age. Ten newborn llamas and nine pregnant adult llamas were used. We collected 133 blood plasma samples from mothers and 57 blood plasma samples from newborns. The samples were sent to laboratories at Brigham Young University for analysis. Results showed the following metabolite concentrations in pregnant llamas: 7.23 ± 1.80 g/dl total proteins, 36.31 ± 1.32 mg/dl urea, 84.72 ± 3.58 mg/dl triglycerides, 55.89 ± 2.32 mg/dl cholesterol, and 7.11 ± 1.34 mg/dl creatinine. In newborn llamas, blood plasma metabolite concentrations were as follows: 7.20 ± 1.54 g/dl total proteins, 48.41 ± 1.30 mg/dl urea, 103.25 ± 2.60 mg/dl triglycerides, 89.09 ± 3.30 mg/dl cholesterol, and 2.39 ± 0.33 mg/dl creatinine. The average live weights were 76.82 ± 8.57 kg and 15.95 ± 2.47 kg for mothers and newborns, respectively. Animals fed diets of natural grass and barley hay yielded results with significant differences. It is recommended that llama diets be supplemented with barley hay during the first two months of gestation, the last third of gestation, and postpartum.

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42

Dang, Wengang [Verfasser], Heinz [Akademischer Betreuer] Konietzky, Heinz [Gutachter] Konietzky, Andreas [Gutachter] Henk, and Zilong [Gutachter] Zhou. "Shear behavior of plane joints under CNL and DNL conditions: Lab testing and numerical simulation / Wengang Dang ; Gutachter: Heinz Konietzky, Andreas Henk, Zilong Zhou ; Betreuer: Heinz Konietzky." Freiberg : Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg Universitaetsbibliothek "Georgius Agricola", 2017. http://d-nb.info/1221068962/34.

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43

Securato, Andrea Silvia. "Influência da música, da iluminação e Crowding na atenção do consumidor: um estudo exploratório em ambiente de laboratório de Varejo." Escola Superior de Propaganda e Marketing, 2017. http://tede2.espm.br/handle/tede/274.

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The store environmental factors and their influences on consumption are current and relevant themes, dealt with by much of the academic literature. These factors, divided into auditory, visual, olfactory, tactile, tasteful and social, are presented as the focus of managerial strategies, do to the interferences in the dynamics of attention at the point of sale. This paper seeks to clarify this dynamic, in face of three factors: auditory, visual and social. For that, the variables of music, lighting and crowding and their influences on consumer attention in a simulated supermarket environment were considered. The analysis was carried out in the Retail Lab of the School of Advertising and Marketing with the use of EyeTracking technology to identify the visual attention in front of six varied scenarios. The results point to a positive impact of music of moderate height (ambient sound), as well as influences of the high and natural lighting and acceleration of the decisions of purchase by the density of individuals (crowding). Such results contribute to the academic and managerial knowledge in marketing, with indication of proposals for future studies.
Os fatores ambientais de loja, e suas influências sobre o consumo são temas atuais e relevantes, tratados por grande parte da literatura acadêmica. Estes fatores, divididos em auditivos, visuais, olfativos, táteis, degustativos e sociais apresentam-se como foco das estratégias gerenciais, apresentada as interferências nas dinâmicas de atenção no ponto de venda. Este trabalho busca aclarar esta dinâmica, diante de três dos fatores: auditivo, visual e social. Para tanto, foram consideradas as variáveis de música, iluminação e crowding, e suas influências na atenção do consumidor em ambiente simulado de supermercado. A análise foi realizada no Retail Lab da Escola Superior de Propaganda e Marketing, com o uso da tecnologia Eye Tracking para identificação a atenção visual, diante de seis cenários variados. Os resultados apontam para um impacto positivo de músicas, de altura moderada (som ambiente), bem como influências da iluminação alta e natural, e aceleração das decisões de compra pela densidade de indivíduos, crowding. Tais resultados contribuem para o conhecimento acadêmico e gerencial em marketing, com indicação de propostas para estudos futuros.

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Schmidt, Luciano Zacca. "Comportamento alimentar, Parâmetros Hematológicos e População de Ciliados Ruminais em ovinos da raça Crioula Lanada Serrana." Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2006. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/825.

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This study centered on the effects of the age at the 120, 180 and 240 days, concerning the feeding behavior and the ponderal performance of twenty-one lambs from the Crioula Wool Serrana breed. The experiment was held in a farm located at Ponte Alta, SC. The lambs were weaned with 60 days of age and kept in 5-hectare enclosures, fed with native grass and missionary grass (Axonopus sfissifolius) in association with rye-grass cultivated (Lollium perene L.) and red clover (Trifolium pretense L.) with water and mineral salt ad libitum. At night the lambs were kept in the pasture and did not have any additional food. The animals were vermifugated and vaccinated against enterotoxemy. Samples of 10 ml from the jugular vein were collected, with the addition of 3 ml Etileno-diamino-tetraceticodissodic anti-coagulant of 10%, by employing 0,1 ml in each 5ml of blood for the hematologic exams, while the other 7 ml remaining were left to coagulate and its serum used for the biochemical analises.1 ml of blood was collected from the Marginal artery ear for the settlement of the hemogasometric values. The behavioral data were obtained through visual observation, in the field, at each five minutes, during three daily consecutive periods of ten hours, in experimental age strips, corresponding to the months of december 2004, february and april 2005. Two weighings were made at each 14-day period, making a total of 1 weighings in all. The data were analyzed with delineation entirely casualized in factorial structure for sex and age. There was no effect (P<0,05) of interaction between age and sex or of te sex factor for the analyzed variables
Foram estudados os efeitos de idades aos 120, 180 e 240 dias, sobre o comportamento alimentar e o desempenho ponderal de 21 cordeiros, sendo 11 fêmeas, da raça Crioula Lanada Serrana. O experimento foi realizado num estabelecimento pecuário no município de Ponte Alta, SC. Os cordeiros foram desmamados aos 60 dias e mantidos em piquetes de cinco hectares, em pastagem naturalizada de grama missioneira (Axonopus sp) associado à pastagem cultivada de azevém (Lollium perene L.) e trevo vermelho (Trifolium pratense L.) com água e sal mineral ad libitum. Os animais foram vermifugados e vacinados contra enterotoxemia. Foram colhidas amostras de 10 mL de sangue venoso da veia jugular, desta forma uma sub-amostras de 3 mL foram adicionado anticoagulante Etileno-diamino-tetracéticodissódico EDTA, na concentração de 10%, utilizando-se 0,1mL em cada 5mL de sangue para os exames hematológicos e sub-amostras de 7 mL foram deixados para que coagulassem sendo o soro utilizado para as dosagens bioquímicas. Da artéria marginal da orelha coletou-se 1 mL de sangue para determinação hemogasométrico. Os dados comportamentais foram obtidos por observação visual, a campo, a cada cinco minutos, por três períodos diários consecutivos de doze horas, nas faixas etárias experimentais, correspondendo aos meses de dezembro de 2004, fevereiro e abril de 2005. Efetuaram-se pesagens a cada quatorze dias, totalizando quinze pesagens.apresentando os machos Os dados foram analisados em delineamento inteiramente casualizado em estrutura fatorial para sexo e idade. Não houve efeito (P>0,05) de interação entre idade e sexo e do fator sexo para as variáveis analisadas

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Wolff, Adelmar Tadeu. "Parâmetros hematológicos, comportamento ingestivo e desempenho ponderal em cordeiros da raça Texel." Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2005. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/946.

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The effects of the age on the 120th, 180th and 240th days, concerning the nourishing behavior and the ponderal performance of thirteen Texel lambs were studied.The research was conducted in the Sector of Sheep Raising of CAV/UDESC, Lages, SC. The lambs were weaned with 60 days of age and fed during the day, with water and mineral salt ad libitum, in enclosures of 0,8ha, with red clover manured pasture (Trifolium pratense L.) and white clover (Trifolium repens L.) and at night they were sheltered in collective stalls and supplemented with alfalfa hay (Medicago sativa L.). The animals were wormed and vaccinated against enteroxotemy. Samples of veiny blood of 10mL were collected from the jugular vein, and in 3mL anti-coagulant Ethylenediaminotetraceticodissodic was added, in 10% concentration, by means of 0,1mL in each 5mL blood for the hematologic survey, while the remaining 7mL were coagulated, and its serum was used for the biochemical dosing. From the ear 1mL of artery blood was collected in order to establish the hemogasometric values. The average hematologic values which were gotten for the studied ages were, respectively, hematocrit or globular volume (VG) 32,50; 33,06 and 35,80%; the average corpuscular hemoglobinic concentration (CHCM) was 36,73; 37,02 and 38,09g/dL; erythrocyte 9,86x106; 10,69 x106 and 9,04 x106 per μL; hemoglobin (Hb.) 11,92; 12,60 and 12,97 g/dL; average corpuscular hemoglobin (HCM) 12,12; 12,16 and 14,1 pg. The plasmatic biochemical values referring to the researched ages were, respectively, glucose 79,09; 81,57 and 82,96 mg/dL; cholesterol of 42,37; 45,94 and 47,51 mg/dL; magnesium pf 1,90; 1,81 and 1,87 mg/dL; phosphorus of 7,47; 7,34 and 7,19 mg/dL; total calcium 11,37; 11,18 and 11,15 mg/dL; sodium of 155,11; 150,73 and 154,18 mEq/L; potassium of 4,86; 4,76 and 4,91 mEq/L. The hematologic values, according to sex, were respectively, hematocrit or globular volume (VG) 30,35 and 30,03%; average cospuscular hemoglobinic concentration (CHCM) 37,69 and 36,95 g/dL; erythrocytes of 9,03x106 and 10,25x106 per μL; hemoglobin (Hb) 11,42 and 12,96 g/dL; average corpuscular volume (VCM) of 34,29 and 34,28 fL; leucocytes of 10,45 and 13,03 cel./ μL; average cospuscular hemoglobin (HCM) 12,91 and 12,67 pg. The plasmatic biochemical values according to sex, were respectively, glucose of 82,37 snf 81,48 mf/dL; cholesterol of 44,03 and 46,44 mg/dL; magnesium of 1,87 and 1,85 mg/dL; phosphorus of 6,72 and 7,95 mg/dL; total calcium 11,13 and 11,31 mg/dL; sodium of 153,31 and 153,37 mEq/L; potassium of 4,74 and 4,94 mEq/L. The average hemogasometric values, corrected for he corporal temperature of 38ºC, according to the ages of 120, 180 and 240 days were, respectively, pH 7,45; 7,44 and 7,44; PaCO2 of 34,88, 34,65; 31,94 mmHg; PaO2 81,86; 77,68; 78,52 mmHg and BE 1,08 -1,78 and 0,13mEq/L. For the sex variable it was registered, respectively as pH of 7,45 and 7,38; PaCO2 pf 37,71 and 31,00 mmHg and PaO2 of 75,29 and 83,42 mmHg and BE 1,08 and 1,04 mEq/L. There was no meaningful difference (P<0,05) for the researched variables. The behaviorial data were obtained through visual observation, on the field, with interval of 5 minutes, during consecutive daily periods of 10 hours, in the experimental age bands, corresponding to the months from December 2003 to February and april 2004. Weighing was held at each 14 days, in a total of 15 trials. The scores of time spent in pasturing in the sun presented average values of 5,58; 5,00 and 1,70 h/day; the pasturing in the shadow consisted of average times of 1,70; 2,37 and 5,28 h/day xiii 14 and the rumination time in the shadow corresponded to 1,23; 1,88 and 1,77 h/day. The average values of daily weight gain, from birth to weaning and from weaning to the 240 days were, respectively, of 25,67 and 229,74 g/d. The data were analysed and delineation was entirely determined in factorial structure for sex and age. There was no effect (P<0,05) of interaction between age and sex, and from the sex factor to the analysed variables
Foram estudados os efeitos de idades aos 120, 180 e 240 dias, sobre o comportamento alimentar e o desempenho ponderal de treze cordeiros da raça Texel. O experimento foi realizado no Setor de Ovinocultura do CAV/UDESC em Lages, SC. Os cordeiros foram desmamados aos 60 dias e alimentados durante o dia, com água e sal mineral ad libitum, em piquete de 0,8 hectare com pastagem cultivada de trevo vermelho (Trifolium pratense L.) e trevo branco (Trifolium repens L.) e à noite eram estabulados em baias coletivas e suplementados com feno de alfafa (Medicago sativa L.). Os animais foram vermifugados e vacinados contra enterotoxemia. Foram obtidas amostras de 10 mL sangue venoso da veia jugular, sendo em 3 mL adicionado anticoagulante Etileno-diamino-tetracéticodissódico na concentração de 10%, utilizando-se 0,1mL em cada 5mL de sangue para os exames hematológicos e os restantes 7 mL foram deixados para que coagulasse e o soro do mesmo utilizado para as dosagens bioquímicas. Da artéria marginal da orelha, colheitou-se 1 mL de sangue para determinação dos valores hemogasométricos. Os valores hematológicos médios obtidos para as idades estudadas, foram, respectivamente,:hematócrito ou volume globular (VG) 32,50; 33,06 e 35,80%; concentração hemoglobínica corpuscular média (CHCM) 36,73; 37,02 e 38,09 g/dL; hemácias 9,86 × 106; 10,69 × 106 e 9,04 × 106 por μL; hemoglobina (Hb) 11,92; 12,60 e 12,97 g/dL; volume corpuscular médio (VCM) 33,01; 32,90 e 36,81 fL; leucócitos 12.600; 10.730; 11.900 cel./μL; hemoglobina corpuscular média (HCM) 12,12; 12,16 e 14,10 pg. Os valores bioquímicos plasmáticos referentes as idades estudadas foram, respectivamente,:glicose 79,09; 81,57 e 82,96 mg/dL; colesterol de 42,37; 45,94 e 47,51 mg/dL; magnésio de 1,90; 1,81 e 1,87 mg/dL; fósforo de 7,47; 7,34 e 7,19 mg/dL; cálcio total 11,37; 11,18 e 11,15 mg/dL; sódio de 155,11; 150,73 e 154,18 mEq/L; potássio de 4,86; 4,76 e 4,91 mEq/L. Os valores hematológicos, segundo o sexo, foram respectivamente, hematócrito ou volume globular (VG) 30.35 e 35,06%; concentração hemoglobínica corpuscular média (CHCM) 37,69 e; 36,95 g/dL; hemácias de 9,03 × 106 e 10,25 × 106 por μL; hemoglobina (Hb) 11,42 e 12,96 g/dL; volume corpuscular médio (VCM) de 34,29 e 34,28 fL leucócitos de 10,45 e 13,03 cel./μL; hemoglobina corpuscular média (HCM) 12,91 e 12,67 pg. Os valores bioquímicos plasmáticos segundo o sexo foram, respectivamente, glicose de 82,37 e 81,48 mg/dL; colesterol de 44,03 e 46,44 mg/dL; magnésio de 1,87 e 1,85 mg/dL; fósforo de 6,72 e 7,95 mg/dL; cálcio total 11,13 e 11,31 mg/dL; sódio de 153,31 e 153,37 mEq/L; potássio de 4,74 e 4,94 mEq/L. Os valores hemogasométricos médios, corrigidos para temperatura corporal de 38ºC, segundo as idades de 120, 180 e 240 dias foram, respectivamente: pH 7,45; 7,44 e 7,44; PaCO2 de 34,88; 34,65; 31,94 mmHg; PaO2 81,86; 77,68; 78,52 mmHg e BE 1,17, -1,78 e 0,13 mEq/L Para a variável sexo macho e fêmea registrou-se, respectivamente, pH de 7,45 e 7,38; PaCO2 de 37,71 e 31,00 mmHg e PaO2 de 75,29 e 83,42 mmHg e BE 1,08 e 1,04 mEq/L. Não houve diferença significativa (P<0,05) para as variáveis estudadas. Os dados comportamentais foram obtidos por observação visual, a campo, a cada cinco minutos, por três períodos diários consecutivos de dez horas, nas faixas etárias experimentais, correspondendo aos meses de dezembro de 2003, fevereiro e abril de 2004. Efetuaram-se pesagens a cada quatorze dias, totalizando quinze pesagens. Os tempos despendidos em pastejo ao sol, apresentaram valores xi 12 médios de 5,58; 5,00 e 1,70 h/dia; em pastejo à sombra, tempos médios de 1,70; 2,37 e 5,28 h/dia e tempo de ruminação à sombra de 1,23; 1,88 e 1,77 h/dia. Os valores médios de ganho de peso diário, do nascimento ao desmame e do desmame aos 240 dias foram, respectivamente, de 257,67 e 229,74 g/d. Os dados foram analisados em delineamento inteiramente casualizado em estrutura fatorial para sexo e idade. Não houve efeito (P<0,05) de interação entre idade e sexo e do fator sexo para as variáveis analisadas

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Hannah, Haylee M. "Feasibility and Effects of a Combination Online and Lab-based Nutrition Education and Cooking Course on Nutrition Related Knowledge, Self-Efficacy and Behaviors of First-Generation College Students – The Gen-1 Cooking Initiative." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1552386953980886.

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Laird, Chryl Nicole. "Black Like Me: The Malleability of African American Political Racial Group Identification." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1398801214.

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Garcia, Thomas. "A behavioral approach of decision making under risk and uncertainty." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2019. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/132313/1/Thomas%20Jean-Christophe%20Lucien_Garcia_Thesis.pdf.

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This thesis investigates how individuals make decisions under risk and uncertainty. It is composed of four essays that theoretically and experimentally investigate decision-making. First, I study situations where individuals must decide whether an event has occurred using uncertain evidence. I highlight that individuals tend to maximize accuracy instead of maximizing expected payoffs. I find that it is partially due to the existence of a value of being right and a recency bias. Second, I study how ambiguity on the costs or the benefits of a donation affects donation behavior. I show that individuals use ambiguity strategically as an excuse to behave less generously without feeling guilty. Finally, I study the external validity of risk preference measures based on a representative panel of the Dutch population. I find that risk-preference measures are related to behavior in experimental risk tasks, however they are not related to risk-taking in the field.

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Garcia, Thomas. "A behavioral approach of decision making under risk and uncertainty." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE2042/document.

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Cette thèse porte sur la façon dont les individus prennent des décisions en présence de risque et d'incertitude. Elle est composée de quatre essais qui étudient théoriquement et expérimentalement la prise de décision.Les deux premiers essais étudient des situations où un décideur doit décider si un événement a eu lieu en utilisant des informations incertaines. Le fait d'identifier correctement que cet événement s'est produit est plus rémunéré que le fait d'identifier correctement qu'il ne s'est pas produit. Ce problème de décision induit une divergence entre deux qualités d'une décision : l'optimalité et l'exactitude. Les deux essais reproduisent de telles situations dans une expérience de laboratoire basée sur des tâches perceptuelles et analysent les décisions en utilisant la théorie de la détection du signal pour étudier l'arbitrage optimalité-exactitude. Le premier essai confirme l'existence d'un tel arbitrage avec un rôle dominant de la recherche de l'exactitude. Il explique l'existence de cet arbitrage par utilité non-monétaire associée au fait d'avoir raison. Le deuxième chapitre montre que présenter les informations perceptuelles en dernier contribue à l'existence de l'arbitrage optimalité-exactitude.Le troisième essai étudie comment les préférences vie-à-vie d'autrui interagissent avec l'attitude face à l'ambiguïté. Il présente les résultats d'une expérience où les sujets doivent faire des dons à des associations caritatives. Les dons peuvent avoir des coûts ou des bénéfices ambigus. Nous constatons que l'ambiguïté a pour effet de rendre les individus plus égoïstes. En d'autres termes, nous montrons que les individus utilisent l'ambiguïté comme une excuse pour ne pas donner. Ce comportement d’auto-justification est plus marqué pour les coûts ambigus que pour les avantages ambigus.Le quatrième essai examine la validité externe des mesures de préférence pour le risque en laboratoire en utilisant des décisions dans d'autres tâches expérimentales risquées et des décisions prisent sur en dehors du laboratoire. Nous constatons que les mesures de préférence pour le risque permettent d'expliquer les premières, mais qu'elles n'expliquent pas les secondes
This thesis investigates how individuals make decisions under risk and uncertainty. It is composed of four essays that theoretically and experimentally investigate decision-making.The first two essays study situations where a decision maker has to decide whether an event has occurred using uncertain evidence. Accurately identifying that this event has occurred is more rewarded than accurately identifying that it has not occurred. This decision problem induces a divergence between two qualities of a decision: optimality and accuracy. Both essays reproduce such situations in a laboratory experiment based on perceptual tasks and analyze behavior using Signal Detection Theory to study the optimality-accuracy trade-off. The first essay confirms the existence of the trade-off with a leading role of accuracy. It explains the trade-off by the concern of individuals for being right. The second chapter finds that presenting perceptual evidence last contributes to the existence of the optimality-accuracy trade-off.The third essay studies how other-regarding preferences interact with attitude toward ambiguity. It reports the results of an experiment where subjects have to make donations to charities. Donations may have either ambiguous costs or ambiguous benefits. We find that other-regarding preferences are decreased under ambiguity. In other terms, we highlight that individual use ambiguity has an excuse not to give. This excuse-driven behavior is stronger for ambiguous costs than ambiguous benefits.The fourth essay challenges the external validity of laboratory risk preference measures using behavior in experimental risk tasks and naturally occurring behavior under risk. We find that risk preference measures are related with the former but that they fail to explain the latter

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Plush, Kate Joanna. "Metabolic maturity and vigour in neonatal lambs, and subsequent impacts on thermoregulation and survival." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/96730.

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Lamb mortality in Australia averages approximately 20%, representing a major constraint to the profitability of sheep enterprises and compromised animal welfare. Most postpartum lamb loss occurs within the first three days of life and is largely caused by starvation, exposure to cold conditions and mismothering from the ewe. In this thesis we developed an over-arching hypothesis that differences in metabolic or physiological maturity exist between lambs, and that these differences relate to early postnatal vigour and survival, particularly during exposure to cold conditions. To test this hypothesis, behaviour associated with initial vigour was quantified in breeds of sheep which differ widely in neonatal survival and more specifically, risk of hypothermia. Pre-suckling blood samples were collected from these animals in order to identify potential markers of maturity chosen to represent the hypothalamic- pituitary- adrenal (HPA) axis, renal function and energy metabolism. A number of metabolite and endocrine shifts were identified in those that were quicker to reach the udder of the ewe and begin sucking. Namely, creatine, non-esterified fatty acids, leptin and ghrelin concentrations were elevated, implying these individuals may be better able to regulate energy mobilisation soon after birth. Lamb vigour was also strongly associated with rectal temperature at birth, indicating an association between maturity, post-natal behaviour and thermogenesis. A controlled water bath testing system was then used to experimentally induce mild hypothermia in the lambs, and metrics of thermoregulation included time taken for core body temperature to reach 35°C (cold resistance), and time to restore core temperature to 39°C (cold recovery). Lambs that were slow to stand and reach the udder had impaired cold resistance. None of the physiological measures (circulating metabolite and hormone concentrations at birth) were related to performance in the water bath. Somewhat surprisingly, those lambs identified as being more mature, as assessed by speed to perform peri-natal behaviours and physiological blood measures, experienced a delay in cold recovery when compared to those with lower vigour and maturity. We proposed that this may be due to a reduced ability to perform non-shivering thermogenesis in more mature individuals (as is observed to occur with age), but this need further exploration. Given these strong relationships between maturity, peri-natal vigour and thermogenesis, an attempt to alter the metabolic maturity of newborn lambs was made. Peri-conception nutrition was shown previously to influence fetal HPA axis activation (responsible for the maturation of a suite of fetal systems) hence differing nutritional treatments (0.7, 1.0 and 1.5 maintenance energy requirement) were applied to the ewes at this time. No effect of peri-conception nutritional manipulation on lamb survival was observed, but lambs from ewes fed a restricted diet around conception exhibited a decreased crown-rump length when compared to those from the high energy treatment. Whilst this had no effect on survival, under more inclement conditions this finding may increase risk of hypothermia through effects on surface area dependent heat loss. In summary, the findings presented in this thesis provide strong evidence that the metabolic maturity of lambs at birth is related to initial vigour and thermoregulatory ability, two traits that are closely linked with survivability. The attempt to reduce lamb mortality through altering HPA axis activation by nutritional means had limited effects on lamb phenotype. Consequently, peri-conception nutrition failed to influence lamb survival. Future investigations should target other means by which metabolic maturity at birth can be enhanced in order to improve lamb survival.
Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 2014

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