Academic literature on the topic 'Lake Yamma Yamma'

El documento que presentamos aquí fue extraído de una investigación más amplia que tiene como título Canal de Nicaragua: Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (por sus siglas ESIA), que la compañía ERM realizara por encargo de la entidad ejecutora del proyectado canal por Nicaragua. El segmento aquí traducido al español es una evaluación de los efectos negativos que tendría el proyecto canalero sobre los pueblos indígenas rama-kriol, principalmente, en cuanto a: la tenencia tradicional de la tierra y de los recursos naturales, las actividades de la vida cotidiana, las prácticas culturales, la identidad y la precaria sobrevivencia del idioma. Al final del informe propone medidas de mitigación conducentes a reducir los efectos perjudiciales. El contenido del informe fue aprobado en noviembre del 2015 por el gobierno de Nicaragua junto con sus recomendaciones. Algunas de estas últimas se refieren a investigaciones adicionales en curso durante el 2016.Wani Vol.71 2016 pp.23-34 Rama – kriol indianka kiamka nani mapara Canal warkka daukanka taka bui diara takan nani bara HKND an Nicaragua Kabamintka ra alki daukaia kahbi dukia nani ba. Naha wauhkataya ra mariki na sika tanka plikanka aiska kum wina sakan nina ba lika : Canal de Nicaragua sa: Environmental and Social Impact Assessment ai ulbanka sainka nani ba ERM sa, naha ba Nicaragua tasbaya ra canal paski daukaia kampanka adarka wal alki daukan kabia. Naha piskara Ispail bilara lakan na lika canal paskanka proyectoka taka bui rama –kriol indianka kiamka mapara sauhkanka brih balaia sip ba tanka laki kaikisa kau pali ba lika: kaina pyua wina tasba bara paskanka yuyaka brinka lainkara, yu bani warkka nani daukanka lainkara,ai natka nani alki praptis munanka lainkara, ya sa tanka marikanka bara bila aisanka ban raya bri kaia trabilka lainkara. Ulbanka last piskara lika sauhkanka uia briaia apia natka nani kahbisa . Ulbanka aisanka lalka na Nicaragua kabamintka bui kulkanka yaban kata alki daukaia adarka yaban nani ba wal yahbra kati 2015 manka ra.Naha aisanka piska last kum kum nani ba tanka turbanka 2016 mankara tanka turbanka nani daukan ba dukiara aisisa.Rama-Kriol sulani sauni daklana pasyak was tâni kurna tingnita yamna yak dutnini balna dawak HKND dawi Nikaragua kabamint yak isningkatna balna Walwi talna niningkada kidi laih walwi talna yamna as kaupak yakna ki tingnita ayangni laih Canal de Nicaragua: Environmental and Social Impact Assessment: (parahni kau rawasna laih ESIA), ERM kamnipani Nicaragua kabanmint yaklauwi kalana ki tingnita adika laihwi yamnin. Adika pisni ispayul kau rawaswi yakna adika laih rama-kriol sulani pani balna yak adika was tani yamna kaupak dutnini kalahwarang balna laihwi talna pisni ki, kau palni kidi, yalahwa lâni kat sau dunin lâni dawak sangnika satni balna, dawak muih sangnika yak bik, yalahwa lâni kat yamwa balna kaput bik tûni. Rawasna witna yak yulwi amput dawi daukalna sâtni balna dis atnin kulnin lâni ahawi. Adika walwi talwi rawasna kidi Nicaragua kingni yaklauwi wingnuh wainiku yak parasni dawak isning ilna balna as as kalana ki. Yulnin kat isning ilna balna as as kidi laih 2016 kurihni yak laihwi talna ûk as yamna atnin.

The Torrie, Sputnik, and Eddie kimberlite rocks, located near Yamba Lake, central Slave province, N.W.T., are volcaniclastic, macrocrystic, heterolithic, olivine-rich tuff, and olivine-rich tuff breccia. Torrie and Sputnik kimberlite rocks contain pyroxene and garnet xenocrysts and megacrysts with major-element compositions consistent with derivation mostly from disaggregated garnet lherzolite, with subordinate contributions from eclogite, spinel lherzolite, garnet harzburgite, and websterite. The presence of primary groundmass phlogopite and compositionally evolved spinel, and the absence of mantle xenocrysts, xenoliths, and megacrystic ilmenite distinguish the Eddie kimberlite pipe from the other two kimberlite pipes. Large variations in δ18O of garnet and clinopyroxene in xenocrysts and xenoliths (+3.98 to +6.36‰), nonequilibrium intermineral isotopic fractionation, and major-element heterogeneity are interpreted as resulting from infiltration of fluids or melts produced by dehydration or melting of subducted oceanic crust into overlying peridotite. Although the timing is unconstrained for the xenocysts, the xenolith must have experienced this metasomatic interaction shortly before entrainment in the kimberlite. Variable δ18O values for magnesian ilmenite are also interpreted to result indirectly from such metasomatic activity in the mantle as well. The Torrie and Sputnik kimberlite rocks have low concentrations of diamond indicator minerals consistent with their low-diamond grades. These kimberlite rocks did not sample a significant amount of garnet harzburgite, the rock type commonly associated with high-diamond grades in other kimberlite rocks. Furthermore, metasomatism just prior to kimberlite eruption may have caused the resorption of any diamond present.

Este artículo es una contribución a la protección y aprovechamiento sostenible de la fauna silvestre, mediante una caracterización de la presión de caza de las especies en la zona de Bosawas. Esto facilitará la formulación de futuros estudios ambientales conducentes a proyectos de conservación. El estudio contiene información de zonas preferenciales donde los comunitarios realizan esta actividad, también sobre el uso y destino de los productos de caza, así como las técnicas, selectividad y presión de caza ejercida por cada comunidad objeto de esta investigación.Wani Vol.71 2016 pp. 59-68Bosawas tasbaya piska ra antin daiura wail nani wahbi saki alkanka tanka ba Naha ulbanka piska na unta daiura nani kan kahbi yus muni kau ban bri kaia tanka ra ta baikanka kum sa Bosawas tasbaya piskara antin dimaia daiura nani bar aba laki kaikanka dauki ninkara.Naha ba sip kabia kaina pyuara stadi munanka kau yamni kum daukaia sip kabia mata. Naha stadi munanka ra bri sa tawan uplika nani antin dimaia warkka kau dauki pliska nani ba ,baku sim nahki yus munisa bara anira brih tanka nani ba ,baku sim warkka daukaia natka nani ba tawanka bani antinka daiura wahbi sakanka tanka bara naha tanka turbanka daukanka na dukiara.BOSAWAS sauni daklana pisni tangâ balna pasyak asangpas tingnilau sangnika niningh balna kidi laihwi talwi dawi îna lâni nining yaktaihna wi yamna as ki Rawasna bin adika laih Bosawas sauni daklana pasyak asangpas tingnilau sangnika tanit daknin yak, îwa lâni niningkauh taihwi yamna as yamna ki tannika laihwi talna as munah nininglaunin kulnin lâni as ki. Adika munah laih tanit mâni balna yak sangnika apakwi yus yamnin lâni kulnin lâni as yamnin sip karang. Walwi talna adika tawan muihni balna angkat dî dahwi yakwa pâni balna dawak dî înin pâni balna yak, kaput bik înin dîni yus yayamwa balna kidi amanglanin walwi talwi.

En este estudio realizado del 2008 hasta la época seca del 2012 se presenta los resultados de un monitoreo sobre el estado de las poblaciones de macroinvertebrados acuáticos (MAIA) y su valor bioindicador en cuatro microcuencas: Lunku Creek, Walpatara, El Pool y Esconfran. Estas microcuencas están situadas en los alrededores de la ciudad de Bluefields, y las principales problemáticas que presentan son la reducción de la cobertura vegetal y el crecimiento de la población. El estudio dio como resultado que las zonas más críticas tanto en la estación seca como en la lluviosa fueron: la parte media y baja de las microcuencas de Walpatara y el Pool. En estos sitios, la calidad de las aguas es dudosa, es decir, que son aguas moderadamente contaminadas.Naha stadi muni kaikan ka 2008 wina 2012 lapta pyua nani kat daukan ba, marikisa laki kaiki bangwn ba daiwan nani nina dusa nani apu ba li munhtara ba nahki iwi bangwiba (MAIA) an kulkanka nahki briba rayaka bri tanka ba tasba piska li wal briba pliska walhwalh ra: Lunku Creek, Walpatara, El Pool an Esconfran. Naha tasbaia piska sirpi nani ai laya wal ba Bluefields tawanka tnaya piska nani ra bara sa. An trabilka kau tara kaiki ba naha piska nani ra ba dus nani inma nani pawan danh taki auya ba an tawanka ba kau upla aahwi auya ba. Stadi muni sakanka nani ra wan marikisa pliska nani kau Saura ba, ban lapta taki taim kara bara li auhwi taim kara sin, baha nani ba: Walpa tara an el Pool tasbaya ai laya piska ba sirpi nani lila bara mayara piska nani ba. Naha nani pliska ra, li pain barasa sapa kler apia, wibia sa kaka, naha laya nani ba wira taski nani brisa.Adika walwi talna yamna 2008 kurihni kaupak 2012 kat dawak pa muihni balna awaskat was amput daukalna kidi amanglana as yakwi dawak was sahni arungka Lunku Creek, Walpatara, El Pool y Esconfran yak ais pitni kat kidi ulwi yakwi. Adika wasni balna kidi Bluefields pâni yaihnit yak bang ki dawak kapahnini baisa nuhni kidi laih, dî kasnin sâtni balna kidi daukalwi dawak pâ muihni balna laih baisa mahni kalahwi kaiwi. Adika walwi talna yak amanglana kidi kurih dawak was taimni balna yak dutni palni ki kau palni kidi: Walpatara dawi Pool wasni sahni parah dawi tanwa saitni yak. Adika palni balna yak, was balna kidi yamni awas kulwi kat was kidi di sâtni mahni yaklauwi daukalna yamwa bangh. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/wani.v68i0.1354 Wani No. 68 2013: 53-63

Ömer Seyfettin (1884-1920) “Beyaz Lale” öyküsünü 1912 yılında yazmıştır. Yazarın hemen tüm öykülerinde olduğu gibi Beyaz Lale de dönemin sosyal ve siyasi yapısının izlerini taşır. Öykü, Balkan Savaşlarından sonra Serez’de yaşayan Türk halkının Bulgar komutan Radko tarafından katledilmesini konu edinir. Bulgar çeteleri Türk köylülerini kadın ve çocuk ayırımı yapmaksızın işkence ederek öldürür, evlerini yağmalar. Camiler yıkılır ya da kiliseye çevrilir. Serez’in en güzel kızı olarak tasvir edilen ve öyküye adını veren Beyaz Lale ise, komutan Radko’nun tecavüz girişimine maruz kalır. Beyaz Lale buna izin vermemek için intihar eder. Ancak kurbanın intiharı komutan Radko’yu durdurmaz, Beyaz Lale’nin ölü bedenine tecavüz eder. Öykü, adli bilimlerin çalışma alanı kapsamında değerlendirilecek işgal, katliam, yağma, işkence, tecavüz, intihar ve son olarak da kişinin ölü bedenine tecavüz gibi kavram ve durumları barındırmaktadır. Çalışmada, adli bilimlerin çalışma konusu olan kavram ve sapmaların öykünün kurgusu ve yazar Ömer Seyfettin’in yaşamına paralel olarak değerlendirilmesi, Ömer Seyfettin yazınının çocuk edebiyatı içindeki konumu ve ruhsal travmanın edebiyat yoluyla aktarımının tartışılması amaçlandı.

Con este artículo, su autora inicia sus estudios sobre la interculturalidad entre los niños miskitos de Corn Island, basados en las investigaciones etnográficas y antropológica-lingüísticas que realizó en 2002 y 2003. Las interacciones transcritas cuidadosamente demuestran cómo los niños miskitos combinan el conocimiento tradicional, el conocimiento mediático, el multilingüismo y el juego imaginativo en su discurso cotidiano en Corn Island. Se sugiere que la interculturalidad no sólo es una pedagogía promovida por las instituciones regionales y transnacionales sino, también, una práctica cotidiana de la comunicación basada en las historias de interacción e intercambio. El discurso oficial de la interculturalidad ha sido un medio de negociar la diferencia cultural en las instituciones educativas en la Costa Caribe de Nicaragua y en otros lugares. Sin embargo, la práctica de la interculturalidad surge en la interacción cotidiana que provee recursos autóctonos para el diálogo y la identidad. Corn Island ra miskitu luhpia naniba aisi banghwan iwanka ailal tilara iwaia ba dukiara Naha ulbanka wal, ulbi sakan dawanka na ta krikisa iwanka ailal ba stadi muni laki kaikaia dukiara, Corn Island ra miskitu tuktika naniba tilara, witin mani 2002 bara 2003 ra, stadi muni laki kaikan kan, indian daknika sirpi nani iwanka laka ba, bara witin nani ai bila aisinka laka nani basin, bara naha lainkara ai wark ka ba daukbia. Diara nani aisanka bara daukanka nani dukiara nahara ulban na pain aisi kaikuma bara mahrikisa, nahki miskitu luhpia naniba mixmunisa Blasi pyuara iwanka tanka nani, diara pain lan takras munan laka, bila ailal aisanka laka nani bara Corn Island ra yu bani sturi aisanka laka nani luki kaiki ba. Kupia kraukisa tawan kum satka ailal iwanka laka ba sika, upla iwanka bara natka nani dukiara baman stadi munaia dukiara wan tasbaia bilara apis nani ta briba bara tawan wala wina apiska nani buisin tabaikan ai taura waras, sakuna, baku sin, yu banira pana pana sturi aisanka laka kumsa, blasi pyua wina wan almuka nani sturka, nahki witin nani pana pana aitabaiki kan laka bara diara nani pana pana sinsmuni bara yui banghwi kanba dukiara sin. Iwanka satka ailal ba tanka pali rait aisi sakan bawal, Nikarawa Karibi kuska ra bara tawan wala nanira sin kul sinska laka smalki apiska nanira naha dukiara trabil nani takisa, baku sakuna, iwanka satka ailal lakara iwaia ba taki aulasa, nitka kum tara baku yawan wan bila kat aisaia nitka bara wan natka kat aikuki wan uplika nani wal iwaia nitka nani sut. Corn Island kau wayah walanibis balna yuyulwi alas yalahnin lani satni mahni pas kau bang atnin lani. Ulna adika karak, ulwi yakna daniwan adika tunan bahwi alas yalahnin lani satni mahni kidika tadi munwi laihwi talnin yulni, Corn Island kau wayah walanibis balna pas yakat, witin kurih 2002 dawak 2003 yakat, tadi munwi laihwi talna dai, indian balna aslah kalududuhna dibin balna ampat yalalahwa kidi lani, dawak witingna ampat yulbabauwa kidi yulni bik, dawak adika warkni yamna dai kapat nawatwi yamwarangki. Witingna ampat yulbabauwa kidi dawak ampat bang kidi yulni adika ulna akat ma nikinkawi. Ampat wayah walanibis balna kidi mixmumunwa kidi sara puyuni kau ampat bang dai lani balna, di yamni lan kalalahwas dai yulni, tuni mahni yuyulwa kidi yulni dawak Corn Island kau ma bani tuni uk uk yuyulwa kidi bitik kulwi laihwi tatalwi. Isnin pakwi tawan askau alas yalahnin lani satni mahni duduwa kidika kuduh, muih balna ampat yalalahwa kidi dawak ampat bang kidi yulni kamanah tadi munnin yulni ma sauki paskau apis balna tunan duduwa kidi dawak sau uk kaupak dawak sau uk kaupak anipis balna yaklauiwi bik kalparaswak tanit kau kiwaski, kaunah, kaput bik, ma bani kau biri biri yulbauda kidi lani aski, sara puyuni kaupak ma sulaki balna yulnina, witingna ampat biri biri kalparaswa dai kidi yulni dawak witingna biri biri di sinsmumunwa dai kidi dawak di prisant yuwada kakaswa dai kidi yulni bik. Ampat muih balna yalalahwa dai kidi lani balna ramh laih palni yulwi yakna yulni, Nikarawa Karibi kusni kau dawak tawan uk balna kau bik kul sinsni lani sumamalwa anipis balna kau adika yulni trabail balna kalahwi, kaput kaunah, alas lani kat yalahnin lani satni mahni balna kidika kaikalahwa sak ki, nitni as nuhni kapat mayang ma tuki kat yulnin nitni dawak mayang ma laki kat ma muihki balna karak kalpakdi yalahnin lani nitni balna DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/wani.v59i0.257Wani No.59 2009 pp.31-49

<p class="Abstract"><em>Ashtāṅgā Yoga Ashram</em> adalah sebuah bangunan retret yang mewadahi latihan dan pendalaman <em>ashtāṅgā y</em>oga. Antusiasme pegiat yoga yang tinggi di Kabupaten Karanganyar mendasari dirancangnya bangunan ini. Artikel ini membahas pemikiran dasar perancangan tentang bagaimana praktik <em>ashtāṅgā yoga</em> mempengaruhi rancangan dari bangunan ini. Bangunan <em>Ashtāṅgā Yoga Ashram</em> dibutuhkan karena tidak terdapat banyak tempat di Indonesia di mana orang-orang dapat secara spesifik mempelajari laku <em>ashtāṅgā yoga </em>yang terdiri dari delapan elemen (<em>yama, niyama, asana, pranayama, pratyahara, dharana, dhyana, samadhi</em>). Setiap elemen dari <em>ashtāṅgā yoga </em>tersebut memiliki tujuan khusus yang ingin dicapai. Berdasarkan karakter tersebut, setiap ruangan yang digunakan untuk berlatih pada bangunan ini harus didesain agar memiliki spesifikasi dan karakteristik khusus yang dapat mangokomodir kedelapan elemen dari <em>ashtāṅgā yoga </em>secara optimal. Didirikannya bangunan ini dapat menambah alternatif tempat bagi orang-orang untuk mendalami praktik yoga.</p><p class="Keywords"><strong><em>Kata-kunci</em></strong><em>: Ashtāṅgā Yoga, ashram, </em>Karanganyar<em>.</em><em></em></p>

Pembangunan karakter (character building) adalah suatu proses atau usaha yang dilakukan untuk membina, memperbaiki dan atau membentuk tabiat, watak, sifat kejiwaan, akhlak (budi pekerti), insan manusia (masyarakat) sehingga menunjukkan perangai dan tingkah laku yang baik. Menjadi bagian penting dalam meningkatkan kualitas sumber daya manusia demi kemajuan suatu bangsa. Keluarga sebagai dasar pendidikan karakter yang pertama dan utama memiliki tugas utama dalam pembentukan karakter anak dan remaja. Baik buruknya suatu hubungan antara suami dan istri, orang tua dan anak, serta anak dengan anak sangat menentukan kesuksesan dari pendidikan karakter di lingkungan terdekatnya yaitu keluarga, terutama dalam menciptakan situasi dan interaksi edukatif pada anak yang diharapkan menjadi putra yang suputra. Permasalahan yang dibahas dalam tulisan ini adalah faktor-faktor penyebab degradasi karakter anak dan manfaat yoga sebagai pembentukan karakter anak. Aktivitas yoga akan menggali potensi diri anak dan remaja yang ikut sehingga mereka bisa menentukan cita-cita sesuai dengan bakat dan minat. Aktivitas yoga yang khusus ditujukan kepada anak-anak dan remaja lebih ditekankan pada aspek etika (yama-niyama) dan tidak menutup bagian astangga yoga keseluruhan sebagai sebuah metode ajaran yang holistik. Jenis penelitiannya adalah penelitian kualitatif melalui pendekatan library research. Pengumpulan data penulis lakukan dengan cara studi pustaka, dokumentasi, baca-simak-catat, dan penelusuran data online. Berdasarkan hasil diketahui, (1) Faktor-faktor penyebab degradasi karakter anak bisa dibagi menjadi 2 faktor yaitu internal dan eksternal; dan (2) Manfaat yoga sebagai pembentukan karakter anak adalah bermanfaat membentuk perilaku suputra kepada keluarga; menumbuhkan rasa cinta kasih; berpenampilan tenang, ceria dan penuh percaya diri; dan meningkatkan introspeksi diri.

El ulwa era la lengua dominante en un área que se extendía desde las zonas interiores de la Región Autónoma del Atlántico Norte (RAAN) hasta los departamentos actuales de Chontales, Boaco y Matagalpa. Cerca de quince mil personas eran hablantes nativos del ulwa en la época pre-colonial. Las persecuciones de los mestizos forzaron a los ulwas a dejar las zonas interiores de Nicaragua, para trasladarse a zonas más cercanas a la Costa Caribe donde seis familias fundaron, en 1850, lo que se convirtió en el principal centro de población ulwa; la comunidad de Karawala. En la actualidad, existen 351 hablantes de esta lengua. En este artículo se presenta los esfuerzos que el Comité del Idioma Ulwa –conformado por indígenas hablantes- acompañados por lingüistas han hecho por la revitalización de esta lengua. 1. ULWA-INVESTIGACIONES-NICARAGUA 2. LENGUAS INDIGENAS-HISTORIA-NICARAGUA 3. LINGÜÍSTICAINVESTIGACIONES DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/wani.v62i0.860 Wani No.62 2010 pp.73-81 Ulwa bila aisanka tiwi auya ba kli raki bukaia wark ka nani dauki ba Blasi sturka nani bila wisa, wan almuka taim pyuwara yapti bila aisanka nani bara kan ba sut tilara, Ulwa bila ba kau kulkanka laka tara brikan. Baha bila buwi wala nani ra taibi kan Mosktia Tasbaya, Región Autónoma del Atlántico Norte (RAAN) wi yaba wina Chontales, Boaco bara Matagalpa departamento ka nani sut piskara. Kau Colon balras kainara, 15 tusin upla kum prais Ulwa bila ba ai yapti bila yus muni kan. Ispail nani buwi bliki rau munan, ulwa nani ba Nicaragua pacific saitka wina Caribian kabuka tasbaya saitra luwi, 1850 mankara Karawala tauwanka paski baungwan. Baku taka wina, Karawala tauwanka ba Ulwa nani iwaika tasbaya lalkika baku takan.Naiwa pyuwara 351 upla nani barasa naha bila aisasara. Naha ulbanka ra trai munisa tanka marikaia Ulwa Bila Kamitika bara bila aisanka nani laka tanka brarira uplika wala aikuki asla taki, Ulwa bila ba kli raki bukaia wark ka nani dauki ba tanka sirpi kum.Ulwatuniyulwaparasnikalahwapruyiknitubalna Ulwatunikidisausahyaknamakawayaihnitkaupak, Chontales, Boaco y Matagalpa kat yuyulwa dai.Salap minit kau singka tausin pitni kidi ulwa tuni yuyulwa dai baisa ispail balna ma sauki tingnina yak duduwa taimni balna yak. Ispayul balna yaklauwi taihwi di yayamda dai Nicaragua sauni papus kaupak dawi kalahninna, Caribikuma kung yaihnit balna yak walwi yalalahna kidi yak pamali tiaskau as manah watwi 1850 kurihni yak yalalahna, kaput dawak ulwa muihni sauni watna kidi laihKarawalapani kidi. Warmani kat kidi 351 muih tuni yulwa bangki. Adika wauhnitaya yak yulwi nining kawi Ulwa tuni yulwa yulni tanit dakwi nininglauwi kaiwa kal uduhna balna kulninna lani adika yak bangh ki tuni yulwa muihni dawak yulbarang yang balna adika tuniyulwa yak parasni anin kulnin duwi yamwa bang ki

En este artículo se presenta los resultados de un programa de investigación en que se cuantifican y analizan los procesos y mecanismos involucrados en la dinámica de regeneración de la especie de bosque húmedo tropical D. oleifera. Los resultados de las observaciones de campo indican que las semillas fueron acumuladas por murciélagos bajo palmas donde éstos perchan. De estas semillas, una fracción fue consumida por mamíferos terrestres y otra fue dispersada al no ser encontrada; la dispersión de semillas por mamíferos terrestres redujo la probabilidad de mortalidad de semillas. Los resultados muestran que la dispersión de semillas lejos del árbol congénere más cercano se correlaciona con altas tasas de sobrevivencia de plántulas y bajas tasas de daño causado por herbivoría insectívora. La presencia de arañas en plántulas se correlacionó con niveles bajos de herbivoría insectívora. Vástago, el estadio de crecimiento subsiguiente, presentó una distribución de reclutamiento al azar y bajas tasas de herbivoría insectívora. Tasbara dus nani dakwi wihkara pawiba bara unta busra tasbaia nanira kumira paski briba Naha ulbanka ra mahrikisa stadi muni laki kaikanka kum daukan bara dia takanba, kulki kaikaia mapara bara nahki taura auya ba mapara bara dia dukia satka nani bui dus kum nina oleifera wiba ban isti-tara pawiba unta busra nani tasbaiara. Pliska kat wih stadi muni laki kaiki banghwan pyuara wisa dusa ma naniba sakanski nani bui dus wahya mununtara paski brisa wisa. Naha dusa ma nani wina, aihwa pali unta daiura nani bui pih banghwan bara apba lika pliki sakras kanba mita wiria wiria tasbara yakawan. Unta daiura nani bui dusa ma nani yakaban ba mita sut pali tiwras apiakaka pruras munankan. Naha stadi muni laki kaikan bara wisa, naha dusa ma nani dusa tara ba wina wihkara pawi banghwanma mita witin nani sipkan ailal kau raya kaia bara daiwan sirpi nani bui sin uba ambuk munras sa. Dus sirpi lupia namika urhwi pawi nanira anancy bui ambuk muniba tanka sika daiwan sirpi lupia nani dusra ilp munan pawiba pliska bara uya apuba mita. Naha nanira main kaikan pawisa. Bara marikisa nahki pitka naha daiura sirpi nani ba kumira aipaswi banghwiba dukiara. Asangpas kau pan balna dakwi naini kau uiwi bararakwa kidi dawak sau bulna suih asangni kau aslah uduhwa kidika Adika ulna akat nininkawi tadi munwi laihwi talna as yamna kidi dawak ais kalahna kidika, kulwi talnin nininyak dawak ampat tanit kau kiwa kidi yulni dawak ais palni yulni pan as ayangni Oleifera tawa kidi uba sirihni barakwi kilkiwa kidi sau bulna suih asangnina kau. Pani kat uiwi laihwi tatalna taim yulwi panan minik balna kidika umis yakaluwi pan basni dinit kau malwi duwi atwi, adika panan minik kaupak, ramh mahni palni kidika diauh wail balna yaklauwi kakasna dawak sutni balna kidika laih walwi yakwas dadana yulni apis apis sau kau ruhna. Diauh wail balna yaklauwi panan minik balna ruruhna dai yulni bitik palni didiswas dai awaskat dadauwas dai, adika tadi munwi laih talna yakat yulwi, adika panan minik balna witin panan nuhni kaupak nailuih kau bararakna yulni witingna sipdai baisa mahni sawan ban atnin, dawak asangpas dini bikikisni balna yaklauiwi bik uhuswas atnin, Pan binina waralaih bararakwa balna kau supai yalklauiwi ambuk munwa kidika kuduh pan awaskat diauhbin satni as witingna pan balna kau ilp diawak yamni bararakwa dini balna kidi pani yakat dis yulni, panan balna kau ilp diawak bararakwi. Kaput bik nininkawi ampat adika diauhni binina adika pa as kau asla kalududuhwi bang kidi yulni. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/wani.v59i0.256Wani No.59 2009 pp.19-30

Comprehension of the character and stratigraphic architecture of sedimentary rocks in the subsurface is derived from the observation of modern depositional processes on the surface of the Earth and field-based studies of similar depositional systems exposed in outcrop. In Australia’s Eromanga Basin, the Murta Formation is a substantial hydrocarbon reservoir; however it does not outcrop, data from wells are sparse and the depositional setting has previously been interpreted to be both continental lacustrine and marginal marine. Through extensive field and laboratory work, both for the Murta Formation and depositional analogues, this study investigates and discusses the sedimentology, stratigraphy and provenance of the Murta Formation in the Eromanga Basin. Murta Formation sediments were deposited in the Lower Cretaceous during the Berriasian to Valanginian, a key time of increased variation in global eustacy, continental breakup, climate change and just after a catastrophic mass extinction event at the Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary. Core investigations reveal that the Murta Formation is primarily composed of fine sands and muds, often arranged in coarsening up parasequences that become increasingly sand-dominated up section. The Murta Formation thickens over the Patchawarra and Poolowanna troughs, suggesting a basin depocentre in this area. Two basin-wide transgressive-regressive events are interpreted to have occurred and these most likely correspond with marine incursion in the Upper Murta Formation as the Eromanga Basin transitioned from continental lacustrine to marginal marine conditions. Zircon data indicate that sediments are sourced from mature cratons and younger volcanic provinces. This implies that the potential for unexplored reservoir presence on the western side of the basin is substantial, as mature, clean sands in were most likely deposited there in proximal deltaic environments. This project was motivated by research questions arising from the discovery of the Cuisinier Field, which unexpectedly yielded hydrocarbons in a new facies type within the Murta Formation. Sands within the Cuisinier system most likely represent a delta system deposited during a basin-wide marine regression and transgression event. As data for the Murta Formation are sparse, fluvial terminations in low accommodation basins are not widely-studied and marine transgressions in epicontinental seaways tend to be complex, analogue studies were also conducted. Lake Yamma Yamma in central Australia was investigated as it includes a substantial area of fluvial termination deposits at the main lake inlet, and has a similarly low-gradient basin setting to that of the Murta Formation. The geomorphology and sedimentology of deposits at the Lake Yamma Yamma site were described in detail, and controls on deposition interpreted. Based on this analogue study and literature review, ideas around the theme of fluvial termination deposits in a low gradient basin setting were applied to interpretation of the Murta Formation. The Dakota Formation, deposited at the initiation of the Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway, in Colorado, USA, was considered in detail at a specific outcrop locality and used as an analogue for the Murta Formation because it comprises a net transgressive system preserving internal transgressive and regressive cycles. Overall, the transgression was complex and piecewise. The size and shape of the deltaic features are similar to those observed in core in the Murta Formation, so thus provide a useful indicator for likely facies arrangements, as well as reservoir connectivity and geometries in the Murta Formation. These new studies of deposits in modern and outcrop localities, in combination with published literature, allowed an improved facies model to be developed for the Murta Formation. They also provide new insights into previously unstudied deposits, and contribute to aspects of research focus that are presently understudied. Lake Yamma Yamma has not previously been the focus of any papers despite being the largest playa lake in Queensland, Australia, and containing a substantial dryland terminal fluvial deposit, features often interpreted in the ancient record but not well studied in modern environments. As a part of this research, a new classification scheme to aid in the description and interpretation of dryland fluvial termination deposits is proposed. Although the Dakota Formation has been the focus of previous studies, the particular locality studied in this thesis has not been described in detail or assigned a comprehensive stratigraphic framework. As well as providing a detailed description of the sedimentology and a stratigraphic framework for the study area, this study also contributes new detrital zircon ages, which enabled an improved understanding of regional paleogeography. Furthermore, deposits preserved as a result of transgressions of epicontinental seas are not well understood and with no observable modern analogues, the detailed process-based understanding contributed by this study is very important in understanding similar deposits in the subsurface. In addition to contributing new perspectives on the Murta Formation of the Eromanga Basin, dryland fluvial termination deposits and the Dakota Formation of the Western Interior Seaway, the results of this thesis will provide a useful resource for the interpretation of similar systems in the geologic record.
Thesis (Ph.D.) (Research by Publication) -- University of Adelaide, Australian School of Petroleum, 2017