To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Lagos State.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Lagos State'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Lagos State.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Alonge, Marjorie Moji Dolapo. "Afro-Brazilian architecture in Lagos State : a case for conservation." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/883.
Full textAbstract:
The immigrants of African descent who began arriving in Lagos and Badagry in the early nineteenth century included not only Afro-Brazilians, but also Afro-Cubans, Afro-Americans, Afro- Canadians (freed slaves from Nova Scotia) and Sierra Leonians (Saros). Of these the Afro-Brazilians and the Saros constituted the largest and most dominant groups. The Afro-Brazilians were the descendants of African slaves (mostly from West Africa and Angola) taken to Brazil. They returned to West Africa between the 1820s and 1890s. Collectively, in Nigeria the Afro-Brazilians and the Afro- Cubans were referred to as `Brazilians' or Aguda (Yoruba word for Catholics) probably because the majority of both these groups were Catholics. The Saros were the descendants of Yoruba slaves from southwestern Nigeria. Some of these slaves were on their way to the Americas to be sold but were rescued by the British anti-slavery squadron along the West African coast. They were then resettled in Freetown, Sierra Leone, which was founded in the eighteenth century by an Englishman named Granville Sharp. Other Saros were African slaves (mostly of Yoruba origin) who have been in England since the early seventeenth century. They were repatriated to Sierra Leone after the abolition of slavery in Great Britain. After Lagos was ceded to the British by Oba Dosunmu in 1861, many more Saros were encouraged to return to Yorubaland by the colonial administration. The Saro community lived in the Saro quarter alongside the Afro-Brazilian community in the Brazilian quarter of Lagos. Like the Afro-Brazilians, they also produced a significant genre of architecture and a distinctive creole culture during the nineteenth century. The Saro architectural style was largely based on a combination of the British colonial style and the Yoruba traditional spatial arrangement. Although the Saros contributed immensely to the development of architecture in Lagos, they were not nearly as renowned for their building design and construction skills as the Afro-Brazilians were. This study is concerned primarily with the architecture created by the Afro-Brazilians as distinct from the Saros, whose architecture undoubtedly merits study in its own right.
2
Igboka, Franca. "The Critical Success Factors of Public Private Partnerships in Lagos State." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/753.
Full textAbstract:
In recent years, the Lagos State Government has attempted to adopt public private
partnerships (PPP) with little success, largely as a result of implementation barriers. The
purpose of this quantitative, ex-post facto design study was to evaluate which factors are
considered most predictive of success of PPP implementation in the state, whereby the
prescribed quality of products/services is achieved within a specified time frame and at
the agreed cost. Wood and Gray's theory of collaboration and the network and
collaborations theory by Kamensky and Burlin guided this study. A self-constructed and
validated structured questionnaire was utilized in the collection of survey data from 105
government officials and private sector partners who had experience in the state's PPP
process. To ensure validity of survey data collected, data triangulation was carried out
against information from the State's bulletins on its PPP projects. Data were analyzed
using ANOVA. Key findings indicated that statistically significant (p = .05) factors
include the development of a legal framework for PPPs, perception of value of intended
projects, identification and allocation of risks, engineering and technical structure, proper
identification of required competencies, and staffing and training. Factors that were not
significant included economic, political, and social conditions, planning, involvement of
affected persons at the planning stage, bidding process, understanding of the goals and
objectives of each partner, financing structure, project monitoring and evaluation,
effective communication, good leadership, and transparency and trust. To encourage
positive social change, it is recommended that the state enhances the success factors
identified by this study to strengthen PPP practices and improve infrastructure in Lagos.
3
Lakpah, Michael Uririn. "Administration and practice of adult education in the Lagos State of Nigeria." Thesis, University of Hull, 1987. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:8028.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of the study was to highlight the adequacies as well as the inadequacies of the Lagos State Government's provisions for adult education with special reference to functional literacy, continuing and remedial education and vocational training. It was aimed at acquainting the planners and executors of adult education in the State with the magnitude of the assignment apportioned to them at State level in the execution of adult education as contained in the 'national policy on education' section 7, paragraph 52 (a-e) and as suggested by the 'implementation committee for the national policy on education' which are included in the introduction to the study. A brief historical, geo-political, socio-economic and educational background of the area referred to as Lagos State is given in two parts in chapter one. Part one deals with the location, size, population, occupation and administration. Part two deals with the State's education system at the various levels of nursery, primary, secondary, post-secondary and higher education together with the general administration of education in the State. Also in this chapter, the problems facing the 'Administration and Practice of Adult Education’ in the State as observed by the researcher, which prompted this study are also stated. All the problems were individually stated with research questions for the researcher to find answers to, with the use of interview questions with which all those connected with adult education in the State were interviewed. Their responses were analysed for the purpose of identifying the basic causes of the problems. so as to suggest workable solutions to them. Chapter two deals with a review of the literature on adult education: books, journals, magazines, newspapers, committees and conference reports, unpublished theses and dissertations. This chapter amplifies the purpose of the study as the review brings to a clearer light, the aims and objectives of adult education both at national and international levels. Emphasis is laid on mass adult literacy education and its advantages and the evil effects of illiteracy on the individual and national development. Also in the review, the modus operanda of adult education in different countries are highlighted for adult education planners to study and modify to suit their needs. The language factor in adult education is also dealt with. As English language is currently the official language of all businesses and for political administration in Nigeria, it is suggested that in addition to the Yoruba language which is the mother tongue of Lagos State, English language should also be used for adult literacy in Lagos State. Other areas covered in the review include the financing of adult education, methodology of adult education with emphasis on adult learning. The questions, who is the adult and what is adult education are also answered in the review. Extracts quoted from American books which contain Americanisms in the spelling of certain words such as program, favor, behavior etc, are written in their pure original English forms as programme, favour, behaviour etc. This is done for the purpose of uniformity. Chapter three explains the methodology of the study. It deals with the strategy of the interviews, the selection of subjects, selection and training of interviewers, interviewing and recording of interviewees responses. The problems encountered during the process of the interviews are also related in this chapter. The major problems include making contact with interviewees, language, coordinating the activities of interviewers, recording of responses and finance. Chapters four, five, six, seven, eight and nine deal with the analysis and discussions of the findings from the responses of the interviewees in the six categories of respondents. Each of the six chapters deals with one category in detail. Chapter ten is the summary, discussions and recommendations. It deals with a brief summary of the problems, methodology and conclusions from the findings. The limitations of the study and implications of the conclusions from the findings are also stated. Also included in this chapter are recommendations for further research into the problems of adult education provision in the State as this study was only a search-light focussing on the problems and prospects in the ‘Administration and Practice of Adult Education in the Lagos State of Nigeria'.
4
Salako, Smith Grace. "Compliance of Caregivers with Polio Vaccine Dosages and Timelines in Lagos State, Nigeria." Thesis, Walden University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10285466.
Full textAbstract:
<p> Caregivers’ compliance with polio vaccine regimens and timely receipt of the recommended 4 doses of polio vaccine are pivotal to eliminating polio. This cross sectional study, conducted in Lagos State, Nigeria, examined polio vaccine compliance and demographic attributes of caregivers’ for statistically significant associations. Using an adapted health belief model theoretical framework, 1,200 participants were recruited from well-baby clinics in 8 local government areas in Lagos State. Participants completed a brief demographic survey providing data on caregivers’ age, gender, residence (rural or urban), and their level of education as well as records from their children’s immunization cards. Data obtained were tested for associations between caregiver’s demographic information and their children’s receipt of polio doses within specified timelines using chi-square and logistic regression analysis. Fisher’s exact analysis were conducted for variables with frequencies less than 5. The only significant association recorded was between the receipt of Polio Dose A and location of caregivers’ residence: Rural dwelling caregivers were less likely to receive the first dose of polio. Results showed Polio Dose D to be the dose most likely received in an untimely manner as well as most likely missed of the 4 doses. Logistic regression analysis did not show any variable to be of greater odds in predicting completion of the 4 doses or compliance with timelines of their receipt. Study’s results may inspire polio program planners to develop interventions that broaden the immunization coverage for rural dwellers to include nontraditional maternity locations. Positive social change will ensue by the improvement caregivers’ compliance with full polio dose receipts with timelines, maximizing immunity. </p><p>
5
Salako, Smith Grace Olubunmi. "Compliance of Caregivers with polio vaccine Dosages and Timelines in Lagos State Nigeria." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3918.
Full textAbstract:
Caregivers' compliance with polio vaccine regimens and timely receipt of the recommended 4 doses of polio vaccine are pivotal to eliminating polio. This cross sectional study, conducted in Lagos State, Nigeria, examined polio vaccine compliance and demographic attributes of caregivers' for statistically significant associations. Using an adapted health belief model theoretical framework, 1,200 participants were recruited from well-baby clinics in 8 local government areas in Lagos State. Participants completed a brief demographic survey providing data on caregivers' age, gender, residence (rural or urban), and their level of education as well as records from their children's immunization cards. Data obtained were tested for associations between caregiver's demographic information and their children's receipt of polio doses within specified timelines using chi-square and logistic regression analysis. Fisher's exact analysis were conducted for variables with frequencies less than 5. The only significant association recorded was between the receipt of Polio Dose A and location of caregivers' residence: Rural dwelling caregivers were less likely to receive the first dose of polio. Results showed Polio Dose D to be the dose most likely received in an untimely manner as well as most likely missed of the 4 doses. Logistic regression analysis did not show any variable to be of greater odds in predicting completion of the 4 doses or compliance with timelines of their receipt. Study's results may inspire polio program planners to develop interventions that broaden the immunization coverage for rural dwellers to include nontraditional maternity locations. Positive social change will ensue by the improvement caregivers' compliance with full polio dose receipts with timelines, maximizing immunity.
6
Ogunmade, Taiwo Oludare. "The status and quality of secondary science teaching and learning in Lagos State, Nigeria." Connect to thesis, 2005. http://portal.ecu.edu.au/adt-public/adt-ECU2006.0042.html.
Full text
7
Folami, Lati. "Lived Experience of Customer Servicing Among Court Personnel/Leaders in the Lagos State Judiciary." Thesis, University of Phoenix, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3583285.
Full textAbstract:
<p> Poor and inadequate customer service is prevalent in the public sector of emerging economies. Also, limited leadership roles are ascribed to frontline employees in the sector. Improving customer service and empowering frontline employees could increase organizational effectiveness. The goal of this qualitative phenomenological study was to explore the problem of inadequate customer-service delivery skills and limited leadership roles for court personnel in the Lagos State Judiciary, Nigeria. The research was guided by two research questions: In what ways could the servicing experience of customers by court personnel/leaders in the Lagos State Judiciary be improved upon? and What are the lived experiences of leaders and customers in the Lagos State Judiciary System? The study participants’ were 25 court users of the Lagos State Judiciary. The data were subjected to analysis using the 4 step modified Van Kamm method by Moustakas to identify themes through exhaustive data coding and data distillation The 14 interview questions resulted in the emergence of 34 primary themes. Five overall themes emerged from thematic clusters and they were capacity building, attitude of court officials, policy changes, interaction with stakeholders and leadership training. The findings showed strong similarities between the participants’ lived experiences and experiences presented in relevant literature. The implication was that the management (leaders) of the Judiciary might benefit from this study by adopting the Folami Model for Improving Customer Servicing in the Lagos State Judiciary (FMICS – LSJ) to achieve customer service improvements. Researchers may wish in the future to explore the twin concepts of customer service and leadership styles in other contexts further to add further insight to existing literature.</p>
8
Akindele, Mukadas Oyeniran. "An intervention programme for management of overweight and obese Nigerians in Lagos State, Nigeria." University of the Western Cape, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4192.
Full textAbstract:
Philosophiae Doctor - PhD<br>Over the past decades there has been a global increase in the prevalence of overweight and obesity. The increase in the prevalence of overweight and obesity leads to surging of associated co-morbidities of overweight and obesity in low/medium income countries which eventually overburdens the vulnerable health systems threatens by malnutrition and communicable diseases in low/medium income countries. The designed interventions to curb overweight/obesity in high income countries might be inappropriate to apply in low income countries, such as Nigeria, due to the different cultural norms and values regarding types of food, and physical activity. The overall aim of this study is to design an intervention that will be culturally appropriate for overweight and obesity management among Nigerians. The convergent parallel mixed method design specifically was used in this study. This involves simultaneous timing of carrying out both quantitative and qualitative strands of mixed methods during the same phase of the research process, prioritizes the methods equally, and keeps the strands autonomous during analysis and then mixes the results during overall implementation/execution. The population for the quantitative part was Nigerians residing within sixteen enumeration areas of Alimosho Local Government area of Lagos State, Nigeria. Overweight and obese Nigerians as well as traditional healers and healthcare professionals were purposely selected for the qualitative phase. Delphi study was the last phase of study which involved recruitment of healthcare professionals in the management of overweight and obesity. A sample size of 2250 was projected and approached for this while 1571 consented and participated in the study. This gave a response rate of 69.82%. About 51.2% of the sample population was male and 48.8% female. The mean age of the total sample was 35.36(SD =11.66). Using BMI, the prevalence of overweight/obesity was 42.3% using BF%, the prevalence of body fatness was 39.2% of which 62.5% were females. Data analysis shows strong positive correlation between other measures of body fatness (.694 to .872) except WHR with low but positive relationships between BF% (184), BMI (.280), WC (.495), and negative relationships with HC (-.077) and BAI (-.076). Gender, marital status and age are predictors of overweight and obesity among Nigerians. Type of diet, meal timing, reduced physical activity and genetic factor were perceived as the causes of overweight and obesity. Diet therapy, an increase in physical activity and the use of herbs were various ways perceived to assist in reducing excess body weight. Among the challenges faced by overweight and obese Nigerians were lack of time for exercise because of the nature of their jobs, lack of recreational facilities, lack of motivations and support from family members to reduce weight, lack of money and poor/lack of knowledge to reduce weight. Experts unanimously agreed that the content of a culturally appropriate intervention should be individualised and to include physical activity/exercise, diet therapy, education and self-monitoring. There was a unanimous decision that the intervention should be done for a duration of 12 weeks at health facility and should be held for between 1-2 times per week if holding at community (excluding community/ public health facility) for 12 weeks in total. In addition, experts agreed that the use of media such as television, radio, weekly newspapers and magazines should be used for preventive campaigns.
9
Onyeahialam, Anthonia Ijeoma. "Space time geography of malaria and the environmental risks to households, Lagos State, Nigeria." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/2793.
Full textAbstract:
The research employs the theoretical lens of human ecology of disease to examine the ecology of malaria in Lagos state, Nigeria. As a first step I examine the spatial and temporal trends in clinical malaria infection using a density-based algorithm to identify two locations (Ikeja and Kosofe LGAs) with one of the highest malaria infection rates and ecologically diverse terrain. They form the focus of this research. I gather data and derive measures on 26 theoretically relevant environment and socio-cultural risk variables in a cross-section of 208 households using mixed methods that comprise semi-structured interviews, a questionnaire, environmental observations, GIS and remote sensing data and GPS mapping. Through these efforts, I build a household spatial database. I assess the contributory influences of the risk variables through the development and assessment of ten ecologically relevant candidate models of urban malaria using statistical and GIS analysis. I also engage with the everyday lives of the households and qualify the quantitative relationships. Findings reveal that the most parsimonious candidate model is grounded on the human ecology of disease principle. While many of the variables are not statistically significant, some, such as travel history, animal presence and household size, are of public health importance. One important finding emerges. The risk variable “working at night without mosquito protection”, though it does not appear in this model, seems to be important across other models. I examine it further and note that its risk within households is higher than those associated with residential locations. In fact, households inhabit low-risk locations and have low vulnerability risk rates. This suggests that in urban areas, infection likely occurs outside homes and mostly from places of work or social gathering, and coincides with older household members rather than vulnerable children. This research suggests further insights for urban-like occupations and behaviours.
10
Isimekhai, Khadijah Ateda. "Environmental risk assessment for an informal e-waste recycling site in Lagos State, Nigeria." Thesis, Middlesex University, 2017. http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/22233/.
Full textAbstract:
It has been recognised that the informal E-waste recycling may pose a risk to human health and the environment, this study aims to evaluate the e-waste contamination and the environmental and human health impact of informal e-waste recycling on the exposed population using the risk assessment framework. The distribution of a number of heavy metals in soil from an informal recycling site in the largest market for used and new electronics and electrical equipment in West Africa was investigated. The extent of pollution, potential bioavailability of heavy metals, potential risk due to the recycling activities and impact of external factors such as rainfall were assessed. In recent times, bioaccessibility has emerged as a testing tool used to accurately estimate the risk posed on human health by exposure to environmental contaminants, the oral bioaccessibility and inhalation bioaccessibility was also assessed. The concentrations of all the identified metals in the recycling site were consistently higher than values obtained from the control site, suggesting the impact of the recycling activities on the soil. The order of total metal concentration was Cu > Pb > Zn > Mn > Ni > Sb > Cr > Cd for both the dry and wet season. The total concentration of Cd, Cu, Mn, Ni and Zn where was significantly higher (p≤0.001) in the dry season than in the wet season. The concentrations of Cu (329-7106 mg kg-1), Pb (115-9623 mg kg-1) and Zn (508-8178 mg kg-1) were consistently higher than the international soil guideline values. Using a sequential extraction method, the potential bioavailability of the metals was indicated as Cd > Sb > Zn > Cu > Ni > Pb > Cr, suggesting Cd was the most potentially available. Assessing the risk using the Potential Ecological Risk Index (PERI), Cu was found to contribute the most to the potential ecological risk and Cd the greatest concern due to its high toxic-response factor within the study site and the Risk Assessment Code (RAC) suggested Cd posed the most risk in this site. Furthermore, the oral bioaccessibility test showed that less than 40% of the total concentration of all the identified metals was potentially available for absorption in the gastrointestinal tract. In the inhalation bioaccessiblity, with the exception of Cd, the percentage bioaccessibility of the other metals was less than 35% after 120 hours. The health risk characterization indicated the adverse human health effect through the ingestion pathway and a relative lower probability of risk through the inhalation of pathway. This study established a high level of contamination as a result of the informal recycling activities, underscores the importance of applying speciation and bioaccessibility and bioavailability in risk assessment. Finally, in an attempt to evaluate the risk, the study proposed an integrated risk assessment framework which when tried and tested is aimed to positively influence the risk judgement and ultimately risk management decisions whereby providing valuable insights that would translate to an efficient and sustainable management system at the long run.
11
Ogunmade, Taiwo O. "The status and quality of secondary science teaching and learning in Lagos State, Nigeria." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2005. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/86.
Full textAbstract:
This study investigated and described the status and quality of secondary science teaching and learning in Lagos State, Nigeria. Quantitative and qualitative methods were used for gathering research data. Quantitative data were obtained from the surveys of 78 junior secondary science teachers and 500 junior secondary students from three Local Education Districts of Lagos State. Qualitative data on the other hand, were gathered from analysis of national and state curriculum documents and from focus groups of science teachers, school principals, parent association representatives, education officers, teacher educators, representatives of the professional association for science teachers and representatives of examination bodies in Lagos State, Nigeria. Other key stakeholders including scientists in a government establishment and those working in industry were also interviewed.
12
Okolo, Chinelo Nwamaka. "Primary school children with learning difficulties in Lagos State : teachers' perceptions of provision and practice." Thesis, Brunel University, 2001. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/5317.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis presents the result of a study on learning difficulties among primary school children carried out in Lagos State of Nigeria. The study determined teachers' perceptions of special education, determined whether primary school children had learning difficulties, the relative proportion of children who have learning difficulties and the types of learning difficulties that they have. It described how the children's needs were met and how appropriate the provisions made to meet these needs were. In addition it evaluated the implications of the research findings for teacher education. The results of the survey, which was carried out by means of research interviews and survey questionnaires, showed that the teachers' perceptions of special education were not well articulated. They recognised children's learning difficulties, but would not regard these as special educational needs. The teachers indicated that about 21% of primary school children had learning difficulties. They identified five major types of learning difficulties, namely cognitive; specific; language; emotional and behavioural difficulties and difficulties arising from exceptional abilities. Negligible numbers of children with physical, sensory and mental disabilities (under 1.0%) were also identified. The teachers indicated that there was no policy on identification and intervention for children with learning difficulties. Individual schools and individual teachers adopted their own methods of identification and intervention. The study concluded with recommendation for special needs education legislation. The legislation should among other things, direct on a statutory Code of Practice for the effective management and administration of special educational needs in schools; a revised teacher training curriculum to include special education components; and enlightenment programmes to raise awareness around disability and special needs issues. This work also contains the results of a mini survey carried out in 11 pre-schools on the implementation of the special educational needs Code of Practice as the institution study, a requirement of the doctorate in education programme. The mini survey determined training needs on the Code of Practice for pre-school settings. An abstract appropriate to the institution study is indicated in front of the institution study itself.
13
Ladele, Omolola A. "The teaching and learning of word problems in beginning algebra : a Nigerian (Lagos State) study." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2013. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/693.
Full textAbstract:
At both the junior and senior secondary school levels in Nigeria, student performance in mathematics examinations has been poor. Within the context of large classes, with inadequate facilities, and teaching and learning in a second language, algebra and algebra word problems are introduced to students during their first year of junior secondary school. The transition from primary school arithmetic to the use of the algebraic letter is challenging to students and it is important that teachers should know the likely difficulties and misconceptions students may have as they begin algebra (Welder, 2012).
In this study, the impact of a teacher professional learning program on teachers’ knowledge, beliefs and practice was examined. The impact on students’ ability to solve word problems in beginning algebra was also investigated. To do this, a multiple case study was designed and data were collected using quantitative and qualitative methods. Thirty teachers of first year junior secondary students completed a questionnaire and this provided general information about the teachers’ beliefs and algebra teaching practice. After this, 12 of the teachers actively participated and collaborated in a professional learning workshop designed as an intervention program. The program focused on enhancing the teachers’ knowledge of student misconceptions about variables, expressions and equations, and language-based teaching strategies. Four teachers and their classes, two each from public and private schools, served as case studies and provided further data about the impact of the intervention program. Before and after the intervention program, lessons were observed, students completed algebra tests and some of them were interviewed using the Newman interview protocol. The data for each case study were analysed and the key findings generated from each of them were used for a cross-case analysis.
The study revealed that these Nigerian teachers had mainly traditional beliefs about mathematics teaching and that teacher-talk dominated the classroom practice. Prior to the intervention, the teachers had limited knowledge of students’ algebra misconceptions and the students’ main difficulty was that they did not understand the questions. The professional learning increased the teachers’ knowledge of algebra, their pedagogical content knowledge and their awareness of algebra misconceptions. The teachers used more student-centred and language-based teaching strategies when working on algebra problems. There was a significant improvement in students’ problem-solving success on the post-test because more students were able to understand the word problems and displayed fewer misconceptions. The incidences of ignoring the algebraic letter, believing that the algebraic letters cannot have the same value and confusing product and sum reduced. However, the use of the letter as an object or a label and a belief that the algebraic letter had alphabetical positioning persisted.
The study demonstrated the effectiveness of the professional learning model used in this study and it should be considered for more widespread implementation with in-service teachers. There is also an implication for pre-service teacher education. Mathematics education programs should ensure that student teachers are aware of common algebra misconceptions and the language-based strategies needed to support school students’ transition from arithmetic to algebra.
14
Adegbamigbe, Adesulue B. "Teachers' perceptions of quality teaching in junior secondary school : Physical education in Lagos State, Nigeria." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2002. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/718.
Full textAbstract:
This study investigates physical education (PE) teachers' perceptions of quality teaching as related to their teaching activities in junior secondary schools in Nigeria. The study also investigated how the perceived teaching quality of the teachers matched their teaching practices and the feasibility of supporting quality teaching in these schools. The research is underpinned by a conceptual framework, which identified quality teaching as an educational process influenced by the curriculum, teacher effectiveness, teacher reflection and belief systems, and teacher development process designed to enhance students' learning. The study incorporated a descriptive survey and interpretive case study for data collection. A pilot study, which involved ten PE teachers (not included in the study) trial tested the research instruments constituted phase one of the study. Initial data collected during phase two of the study, involved surveying all 60 PE teachers in the two Local Education Districts comprising 29 secondary schools. The survey data were analysed with descriptive statistics and some measures of association were applied to give a general picture of the PE teachers’ views about quality teaching. An analysis of curriculum documents complimented phase two of the study. Phase three involved an in-depth case study involving six teachers from six different schools. They were interviewed, observed and engaged in informal discussions that determined their views of quality teaching allowing comparison of their views with their teaching actions. Data collected were inductively analysed employing a thematic cross-case analysis process. Survey results suggested that teachers perceived quality teaching as a multidimensional teaching process that enhanced student learning. The two major themes of their quality teaching descriptions centred on effective teaching incorporating the achievement of lesson objectives, and pedagogical content knowledge (PCK). The teachers rated highly all Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development's (OECD) dimensions of quality teaching and did not discriminate between the five dimensions. They viewed these dimensions: curriculum knowledge, pedagogic skills, reflection, commitment, and managerial competencies, as important and necessary ingredients for achieving quality teaching. The survey indicated that majority of the teachers considered physical education as a recognised subject and well regarded in their schools. The documents analysis of the study indicated that both the National and State curriculum documents constituted a highly prescriptive form of teacher control in terms of their strict adherence to their uses. A number of problems were identified as impeding the teacher's teaching quality; these were categorised into three areas of self, general resources and workplace conditions. The case study findings indicated that the six teachers' views about quality teaching reflected those of the survey teachers. Messrs Senator and Suru focussed their rhetoric of quality teaching on achievement of lesson objectives through effective teaching, while Ms Toyin, Ms Lilian, Ms Ayodeji and Mr Tony highlighted pedagogical content knowledge, and Ms Lilian combined achievement of lesson objectives with the PCK construct. When the teachers' rhetoric was compared with their teaching practices, a number of inconsistencies were recorded. Findings indicated that most teachers had little sense of transferring their perceptions of quality teaching to their practical PE lessons. The theory lessons observed indicated elements of teaching quality with teachers' rhetoric at times matching their practices. With the exception of two of the six teachers' observed practical lessons that fared better, other teachers suggested to implement quality teaching in their practical classes, which in most cases did not measure up. The study revealed that the teaching context did not support quality teaching. The two major problems impeding quality teaching were inadequate teaching resources and large class sizes. All teachers reported that they achieved quality in their teaching and that the results of their students in the various assessments and examinations, which were mostly knowledge based, reflected the achievement of quality' teaching. The study recommends that teachers should be empowered in the choice of PE content and set expectations realistic to the limiting teaching contexts. Teaching activities that support higher levels of students' involvement are necessary if quality teaching is to be achieved. Considerations to outcomes-based education should be given and the use of student-centred pedagogy by teachers. Further investigations were suggested in the areas of intervention programmes for PE teachers, production of cheap teaching resources and refocussing professional development efforts in both in-service and pre-service programmes.
15
Ade-Abolade, Khadijah O. "Impact of the private sector initiative on the job satisfaction of hospital pharmacists in Lagos state." UWC, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/2665.
Full textAbstract:
Master of Public Health - MPH<br>Background: Hospital pharmacy practice is an important aspect of healthcare, as drugs are a key component of patient treatment in hospitals. In Lagos state, Nigeria, provision of healthcare services, including drugs, was at one time entirely free but in the face of ever dwindling resources and increasing government responsibility, the health sector has to compete with other sectors for scarce public funds. Therefore, in 2002, a private sector initiative (PSI) in hospital pharmacy was implemented in seven hospitals in Lagos state as an alternative financing system for managing drug procurement and supply to fee-paying patients. Each of these seven hospitals now has two pharmacies, one providing free drugs to certain categories of patients entitled to this service and the second providing services to all other patients.
Aim: This study aimed to explore and describe the impact of this private sector
initiative on the job satisfaction of the pharmacists working in these hospitals from the viewpoint of the hospital pharmacists and relevant stakeholders, and to suggest ways of improving the job satisfaction of hospital pharmacists in Lagos state. Study Design: The study utilized a qualitative research design to explore the perceptions and experiences of government-employed pharmacists and key stakeholders on the impact of the private sector initiative.
Study Population and Sampling: Individual interviews were conducted with three key informants and two focus group discussions were carried out, one with hospital pharmacists from the fee-paying pharmacies and the second with pharmacists from the free pharmacies from the seven hospitals in Lagos state where the private sector initiative was in operation. Data Collection and Analysis: The audio-taped interviews and focus group discussions were transcribed and analysed to identify the key categories and themes
raised by the participants. Results: The study found that most pharmacists felt that the PSI has met the main objective for which it was set up, that is, improving availability of drugs in the hospital but there were some attendant factors like inadequate funding of the free health unit, increased workload of the fee-paying unit and poor working conditions, which affect the job satisfaction of pharmacists. The study however showed that the introduction of the PSI has led to improved performance of roles and recognition of
the pharmacists and better working relationships between pharmacists and other healthcare workers which have impacted positively on the job satisfaction of pharmacists. Recommendations: The study recommended that the working conditions should be improved and issues of staffing and workloads should be addressed. Also, alternative but effective means of drug financing should be sought to ensure availability of drugs to all categories of patients.
16
Olusegun, Gabriel K. "Critical examination of facilities management in housing : a study of housing estates in Lagos State, Nigeria." Thesis, University of Bolton, 2015. http://ubir.bolton.ac.uk/784/.
Full textAbstract:
Adequate housing provision for the growing population in Lagos State, Nigeria is a major challenge. Addressing this challenge necessitated the involvement of both public and private sectors in the development of housing estates. However, regardless of the nature and ownership status of these housing estates, they need to be properly managed; hence the integration of facilities management (FM) into their management. The research objectives included a critical examination of FM strategies, policies and processes adopted in housing management through data collection and elucidation. In conducting this research, qualitative grounded theory (GT) and case study methodologies were adopted. This was done in order to understand, and thereby gain knowledge of the practice of FM in housing. Consequently, interview was conducted with 26 Facilities Managers and 971 residents in 20 different housing estates. The emergent facts from the analysed data revealed that the organisation structure of FM department and their roles depend on the nature of the housing estate concerned, and their purpose. Furthermore, FM is of immense benefit to the housing estates where it is practiced, as it had positively impacted on their general condition and goodwill. Some of the challenges besetting the practice of FM in housing cut across the strategic, tactical and operational aspects. The most pressing ones were financial constraints, residents‘ behaviour; and some of the Facilities Managers‘ lacked the requisite academic and professional qualifications. Some of the recommendations included the need to adequately train and properly empower the Facilities Managers and their teams to ensure FM effectiveness; the adoption of residents-led FM approach; and the need for comprehensive improvement on the existing housing environment especially in housing estates with aging infrastructures.
17
Oyelaran-Oyeyinka, Rosamund Naduvi Ibiyemi. "Governance and bureaucracy: leadership in Nigeria's public service the case of the Lagos State Civil Service (1967-2005) /." Maastricht : Maastricht : Universitaire Pers Maastricht ; University Library, Universiteit Maastricht [host], 2006. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=5663.
Full text
18
Roelofs, Portia. "The Lagos Model and the politics of competing conceptions of good governance in Oyo State, Nigeria, 2011-2015." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2016. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3600/.
Full textAbstract:
In the context of international agendas to transform African States from a state of corruption to good governance, Oyo State’s transformation in 2011 provides an apparent fairy tale case study. For eight years, the state was synonymous with violence and ‘godfatherism’, but Governor Abiola Ajimobi’s election in 2011 brought the promise of transformation, in line with the Lagos Model, based on the highly celebrated example of nearby Lagos State. This thesis draws on six months of in-depth qualitative fieldwork in Ibadan, the capital of Oyo State, to show how the Lagos Model in Oyo State leveraged international conceptions of good governance to pursue a political strategy of autonomy from central government, whilst building on long-held progressive political ideas in Yorubaland. However, the Lagos Model faced competition from populist opposition, who drew on the failings of the Lagos Model to meet popular conceptions of good governance. Key themes in popular conceptions of good governance are: progress, legitimate leadership and economic benefits. This thesis analyses the tensions within the Lagos Model’s response to these themes and uses empirical material to reveal how these tensions play out in practice. The ways in which Ajimobi was required to respond to numerous competing conceptions of good governance complicates the initial theoretical framing of a binary between corruption and good governance.
19
Braimoh, Durojaiye S. "The nature and quality of pre-service science teacher education and transition to teaching in Lagos State, Nigeria." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2008. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/225.
Full textAbstract:
The poor state of learning in pre-service science teacher education is typical. of the problems in the Nigeria education sector (Afe, 2001; Odubunmi, 2006; Okebukola, 2004). Little research based evidence about Nigerian pre-service science teacher education has been reported in the literature, however, this problem has been documented to be a common phenomenon among other African countries with similar programmes. This thesis reports a case study of the quality of a pre-seivice science teacher education programme in a Nigerian College of Education and the graduate teachers' transition to science teaching in Lagos State, Nigeria. Particular attention was given to issues which influence the quality of learning in the NCE science teacher education programme and transition to science teaching. The data were derived from the views and opinions of third year teacher education students, first-year junior secondary school science teachers, lecturers and other key stakeholders in science teacher education in Lagos State.
20
Sangonuga, Kazeem Sola. "Exploring the experiences, attitudes and knowledge of radiographers and forensic pathologists regarding forensic radiography services in Lagos state, Nigeria." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/75683.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction
Forensic radiography is both a vital tool and a subspecialty in forensic medicine. It can be used to complement autopsy findings and reveal minor injuries overlooked during autopsy. It is also an important tool used in the identification of the dead and for establishing abuse in the living. In the United States of America, one million abuse cases are resolved annually using medical imaging. The Nigerian National Bureau of Statistics has reported a high crime rate in Lagos State and forensic radiography could be used to resolve non-accidental injury and other criminal cases.
Aim of the study
The aim of this study was to explore and describe the experiences, attitudes and knowledge of radiographers and forensic pathologists regarding forensic radiography services rendered in Lagos state, Nigeria. The study aimed to identify the reasons that led to radiographers being reluctant to perform forensic radiographic examinations.
Methodology
A qualitative, exploratory, and descriptive study design was used to explore the experiences, attitudes and knowledge of radiographers and forensic pathologists regarding forensic radiography services. The population and sampling were determined by the numbers of radiographers and forensic pathologists employed in two government-owned tertiary institutions in Lagos state. The researcher used purposive sampling to gain a deeper understanding of the real-life experiences of the participants regarding forensic radiography services in Lagos. Focus group interviews were conducted with radiographers and forensic pathologists who work in the two government-owned tertiary teaching hospitals. Participation was voluntary and consent forms were signed by all participants before the commencement of the study. The interviews were audio-recorded and later transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis was used for the identification of codes and categories.
Results
The following themes emerged: good and bad experiences of forensic radiographers, varying inadequate knowledge of forensic radiography, different attitudes towards forensic radiography, description of radiographers’ roles on forensic medicine teams, and recommendations for improvements of forensic radiography in Lagos state.
Discussion
The findings showed that in Lagos, forensic radiography was underutilized to resolve civil and criminal cases, and that there is need to improve the quality of forensic radiography services in Lagos state. Radiographers need to show more commitment in the aspect of postmortem imaging
Conclusion
It was concluded that the government should provide equipment and infrastructure for forensic radiography in Nigeria, specifically in Lagos state. Further research needs to be done to develop a curriculum in forensic radiography. Nigerian universities should introduce forensic radiography courses at undergraduate level and specialist training at postgraduate level.<br>Dissertation (M.Rad)--University of Pretoria, 2020.<br>NILL<br>Radiography<br>M.Rad<br>Unrestricted
21
Gbabe, Adedolapo Opeyemi. "Factors influencing the protection, promotion and support of exclusive breastfeeding among health workers in Lagos state primary health care centres." University of Western Cape, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7654.
Full textAbstract:
Magister Scientiae (Nutrition Management) - MSc(NM)<br>Globally, health workers play a critical role in the establishment and sustenance of
breastfeeding due to their frequent contacts with mothers at the antenatal clinics, maternity/birthing
units, Primary Health Care Centres (PHC) and postpartum clinics. Their knowledge and attitude
regarding breastfeeding will affect the quality of information about infant and young child feeding
practices passed along to mothers who visit their health facilities.
22
Balogun, Muhsin Adekunle. "Syncretic beliefs and practices amongst Muslims in Lagos state Nigeria : with special reference to the Yoruba speaking people of Epe." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2011. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/1569/.
Full textAbstract:
Different disciplines have explored the history of Islām in Yoruba land which started in the early 18th century. However, the impact of religious syncretism has not been systematically studied. Therefore, this thesis examines the extent of the involvement of Yoruba Muslims in syncretic beliefs and practices in Nigeria using the Lagos State as a case study, with a view to bringing out the impact of Tawḥīd on them. In agreement with previous research, this study notes that there is a prevalence of religious syncretism among many Yoruba Muslims, but it principally argues that its impact affects many of them negatively. If continuous awareness campaign could be carried out, the phenomenon will be reduced. A triangulated method was used to carry out this study. The findings of this thesis indicated reappraisal of the problem associated with many Yoruba Muslims’ persistence in syncretism and its implications on their faith (īman). While this study appreciates the attempts of some scholars to eradicate this endemic problem, it reveals that Tawḥīd is not yet inculcated into many Yoruba Muslims within the Yoruba religio-cultural context. Therefore, a concerted effort is necessary among all stakeholders in the task of promoting the effective instillation of practical Tawḥīd.
23
Agbomeji, Ayinda Mojeed Oladele. "An investigation into factors that shape secondary school female retention in two rural public schools, Alimosho Region, Lagos State, Nigeria." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004331.
Full textAbstract:
Challenges of access to education in the developing world and elsewhere appear to be widespread. Many declarations and conventions have been developed to assist countries to respond to the issue. While challenges of access are universal, Africa in general and sub-Saharan Africa in particular are presented with additional concerns about gender equality and gender parity. While learner numbers seem to be on the decline globally, dropout amongst girls is disproportionately greater than amongst boys. Even though school retention presents a challenge at all levels of the schooling system, it is more acute for girls at the secondary school level. This study was conducted to examine and understand factors that shape retention of secondary school female learners in two rural public schools in Alimosho Region of Lagos State, Nigeria. The study design was qualitative and interpretive in nature. Data collection strategies included administered questionnaires in two schools, focus group discussion with twenty female learners in two schools, case studies, individual interviews with four participants from two schools, and observation in English and Biology classes where the two teachers from the two schools participated in the interviews. Ethical clearance from Alimosho Educational Region office and the two schools was obtained before undertaking the study. Participants’ school principals also signed written consent forms before interviews. The female learners were briefed about the study interview activities and advised that their participation was voluntary and that they were free to withdraw at any point. This study drew on Sen’s (1989, 2000) capabilities theory to understand the phenomenon beyond dominant discourses on education that view education as a basic human right or that focus on economic and development gains. The key finding of this study is that in-school and out- of- school factors interact in complex ways to support female learner retention. Key among these are value placed on education by female learners and significant others, particularly parents; family support; and individual aspirations. Extra-curricular participation, government policy, role models, and peer support were also found to be important factors that mediate progression and retention.
24
Akintonde, George Olaleye Odewale. "Attitudes of secondary school students toward vocational and technical education in Lagos State, Nigeria (The 6-3-3-4 system) /." The Ohio State University, 1988. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487596307357157.
Full text
25
Uzukwu, Elochukwu Eugene. "Book Review: Chukwuma Innocent, "Above the Law. A Report on Torture and Extra' judicial Killings by the Police in Lagos State, Nigeria."." Bulletin of Ecumenical Theology, 1995. http://digital.library.duq.edu/u?/bet,1897.
Full text
26
Akande, Adewale Tajudeen. "Risky Driving Attitudes and Behaviours among Commercial Drivers and the Rate of Accidents on Nigerian Roads: A Case Study of Abuja and Lagos State." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671638.
Full textAbstract:
Introducció: Cada any 1.3 milions de persones moren en accidents de trànsit. el 90% de els morts i lesions es produeixdn en els països d’ingresos baixos i mitjos. Africa està documentada com la proporció més altra d’usuaris de carreteres vulnerables amb una tass de mortalitat alarmant, impacte de danys inesgotable i evitable. fins fa poc tems Nigeria ha estat testimoni d’accidents de trànsit horribles i sense precedents al llarg i ample, com es mostra en les fonts documentals i les morts afecten la pèrdua de recursos individuals i la carga econòmica del pais. Això es deu en gran part al fet que Nigeria, com a pais més poblat i heterongeni y amb la segona xarxa de carreteres
més gran d’Africa, té el nombre estimat més alt de vehicles comercials, conduits per més usuaris i amb menys consideració per al viabilitat viària que aquells amb l’estricte compliment de les normes de trànsit
Objectius: L’estudi examina els detalls de les característiques demogràfiques i cognitives del conductor amb l’historial de maneig i l’efecte de la conducció en l’accidentalitat.
Materials i mètodes: investigació comparativa, per evaluar les dues ubicacions de l’enquesta de las capitals nova i antiga de Nigeria, amb diferències i similituds geogràfiques i econòmiques. S’han emprat mètodes quantitatius i qualitatius, amb la tècnica de recollidaobservació particilpant per complementar les quatre fases de la recerca. Autoinforme directe dels factors cognitius i les característiques sociodemogràfiques dels enquestats, a través de l’instrument de meidció del comportament cinc en un recentment adaptat i probat LOMICS-DBQ.
Resultats: El resulat de l’eestudi mostra que les caracterísques sociodemográfiques com l’edat, la religió, l’origen ètnic, l’estat salarial i l’estat de la llicència ofereixen una relació més significativa amb el desenvolupament de la tasca del conductor i la probabilitat d’accident. El risc d’accident s’explica conjuntament per les actituds dels seus conductors, com excés de velocitat, us del mòbil, fatiga, visió borrosa i alcohol o sustànciess tòxiques consumides abans de conduir amb nivells estadísticamente significatius entre 1 y 5 %. L’eestudi reocmoana un inici urgent de l’exàmen genuí de la teoria de la conducció a nivell nacional en anglès, i en els idiomes locals i després d’una capacitació pràctica intensiva, intruduir la conducció i la seguretat en els plans d’esstudi de les escoles primària i secundària. També la introducció de campanyes d’aplicació i vigilància i sensibilització amb alta visibilitat sobre les normes i reglaments de trànsit.
Conclusions: Aquest estudi ha omplert un buit significatiu llenado un vacío significativo: cap eina de recerca de mesura del comprtament ha tingut en compte les variables de creences socioculturals i religioses com a possibles factors que influeixen en les actituds i comportaments de conducció en paisos de rendes baixes i mitjanes. L’estudi bàsicament posa l’èmfasi en l’aplicació de la llei i el canvi de comportament i la intervenció d’aprenentatge que podria minimitzar el comportament de la conducció de risc.<br>Introducción: Cada año 1.3 millones de personas mueren por accidentes de tráfico, y el 90% de estas muertes y lesiones se producen en los países de ingresos bajos y medios. África está documentada como proporción más alta de usuarios de carreteras vulnerables con una tasa de mortalidad alarmante, impacto de estos daños es inagotable y evitable. Hasta hace poco, Nigeria ha sido testigo de accidentes de tránsito horribles y sin precedentes a lo largo y ancho, como se muestra en fuentes documentadas, y las muertes afectan la perdida de recursos individuales y la carga económica del país. Esto se debe en parte al hecho de que Nigeria, como el país más poblado, heterogéneo y con la segunda red de carreteras más grande de África, tiene el número estimado más alto de vehículos comerciales, conducidos por más usuarios con menos consideración por la viabilidad vial, que aquellos con estricto cumplimiento de las normas de tráfico.
Objetivo/Objetivos: El estudio examina los detalles de las características demográficas, y cognitivas de un conductor con el historial de manejo y el efecto de estos en las muertes por riesgo de accidentes. El estudio también busca una intervención estratégica para reducir la extrema mortalidad en las carreteras.
Materiales y métodos: investigación comparativa, para evaluar las dos ubicaciones de la encuesta de las capitales nuevas y antiguas de Nigeria, con diferencias y similitudes geográficas y económicas. Se utilizaron métodos cuantitativos y cualitativos, con la técnica de recolección de datos de observación participante para complementar las cuatro fases de la investigación. Autoinforme directo de los factores cognitivos y las características sociodemográficas de los encuestados, a través del instrumento de medición del comportamiento cinco en uno recientemente adaptado y probado llamado LOMICS-DBQ.
Resultados: El resultado del estudio mostró que las características sociodemográficas como la edad, la religión, el origen étnico, el estado salarial y el estado de la licencia, ofrecen una relación más significativa con el desempeño real de la tarea del conductor y la probabilidad de accidente. Además, el 61% de la variación en un accidente (el 50% en Lagos) se explican conjuntamente por las actitudes de sus conductores, como exceso de velocidad, uso móvil, fatiga, visión borrosa y alcohol o sustancias tóxicas tomadas antes de conducir con nivel estadísticamente significativo entre 1 y 5 %. El estudio recomienda, un comienzo urgente de un examen genuino de la teoría de la conducción a nivel nacional en inglés, y en los idiomas locales después de una capacitación práctica intensiva; introducir la conducción y la seguridad en los planes de estudio de las escuelas primarias y secundarias. La introducción de campañas de aplicación, vigilancia y sensibilización de alta visibilidad sobre las normas y reglamentos de tráfico.
Conclusiones: Este estudio ha llenado un vacío significativo: ninguna herramienta de investigación de medición de comportamiento ha tenido en cuenta las variables de creencias socioculturales y religiosas como posibles factores que influyen en las actitudes y los comportamientos de conducción en los países de ingresos bajos y medianos. El estudio básicamente hace hincapié en la aplicación de la ley, el cambio de comportamiento y la intervención de aprendizaje que podrían minimizar el comportamiento de conducción riesgo.<br>Introduction: Every year, 1.3 million people are killed by road accidents, with 90% of these deaths and injuries recorded in low-and middle-income countries. Wherein Africa is documented as the highest proportion of vulnerable road users with an alarming death rate, the impact of these damages is inexhaustible and avoidable. Until lately, Nigeria has witnessed unprecedented, horrible road crashes from its length and breadth as featured in documented sources, and the fatalities affect the loss of individuals resources and economic burden of the nation. This is partly due to the fact that Nigeria as the most populous, heterogeneous, and second-largest road network country in Africa.
Aim/Objectives: The study examines the details of a driver's demographic and cognitive characteristics with driving history and its effect on crash risk fatalities. It seeks to analyse strategic interventions in reducing carnage on the roads. This study aims to provide a practical framework for an effective and efficient measuring technique, to assess the individual´s driving description vis description vis-a-vis the differences in accident involvement.
Materials and Methods: This study applied a comparative research design to evaluate Nigeria's new and old capital cities; hence, two survey locations with geographical and economic differences was chosen. This study administered quantitative and qualitative methods with the Participant Observation data collecting technique to complement the investigation's four phases. Direct self - report respondent´s cognitive and socio-demographic characteristics via the newly adapted and tested five-in-one behaviour measuring instrument called LOMICS-DBQ with the constructs of Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB).
Results: The study result showed that socio-demographic characteristics such as age, religion, ethnicity, wages status, and license status offer a more significant relation to driver´s actual task performance and accident likelihood. Besides, 61% of the variation in an accident (and 50% in Lagos) is explained jointly by drivers' attitudes such as over-speeding, mobile use, fatigue driving, blurred vision, and alcohol or intoxicants before driving with statistically significant between 1 and 5 % level. The study recommends an urgent commencement of a genuine nationwide driving theory test in English and local languages followed by intensive practical training, the introduction of driving and safety education in both the primary and secondary schools curriculums, and the introduction of high visibility enforcement, surveillance, and awareness campaigns of traffic rules and regulations.
Conclusions: This study has filled a significant gap - no single behaviour measuring research tool has considered socio-cultural and religious beliefs variables as possible factors that influences driving attitudes and behaviours in low-and middle-income countries. The study emphasizes enforcement, behavioural change, and learning intervention to minimize risky driving behaviour.
27
Ilonze, Chinyere Charity. "Knowledge and practice of live bird sellers on health risks and preventive measure of Avian Influenza in an urban community of Lagos state, Nigeria." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_1395_1299233761.
Full textAbstract:
<p>Avian Influenza (AI) is a contagious viral zoonotic disease with great public health implications and negative socioeconomic impact (WHO, 2006a). The highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) infection is transmitted from birds to man mostly through contact with contaminated poultry and objects (INFOSAN, 2005), hence people who come in contact with birds such as live bird sellers (LBS) are the more vulnerable population (WHO, 2006a). Inadequate knowledge of AI health risks and poor practice of AI preventive measures amongst LBS increases the risk of spread of the infection in both humans and animals.The aim of this study was to describe and quantify the knowledge and practice of LBS with regards to avian influenza health risks and preventive activities in Agege, an urban area in Lagos State, Nigeria.</p>
28
Ossai, Peter Ogochukuka. "Awareness, Accessibility And Use Of Malaria Control Interventions Among At-Risk Groups In Lagos Metropolis, Nigeria." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1416334291.
Full text
29
Dele, Araoyinbo Idowu. "A comparative study of cost and quality of care of malaria treatment in public and private health facilities in Nigeria a case study of Lagos state." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9463.
Full textAbstract:
Includes bibliographical references.<br>The study explores the cost and quality of malaria care in public and private heatlh facilties at the primary health level in an urban community in south western Nigeria. A pre-tested questionnaire is adminstered to patients attending either public or private health facilities to estimate the direct and indirect cost of accessing healthcare services. Costs was estimated from the providers's perspective by using interviews and review of financial records to assess the total and unit cost of such services. Structural quality (adequacy of equipment and staff mix) and process quality (interpersonal relationship, use of treatment guidelines and algorithms) are assessed using structured checklist, observation and proxies such as patients' satisfaction.
30
Kehinde, Oladipupo Allen-Taylor [Verfasser], Hans-Rudolf [Akademischer Betreuer] Bork, and Wilfried [Gutachter] Hoppe. "Sustainable Strategies and Policy for Plastic Waste Collection and Management in Germany and Canada : Lessons for Lagos State, Nigeria / Allen-Taylor Kehinde Oladipupo ; Gutachter: Wilfried Hoppe ; Betreuer: Hans-Rudolf Bork." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1233678965/34.
Full text
31
EHIGIATOR, PAUL. "Urban Slum Upgrading and Participatory Governance (PG): An investigation into the role of slum community-based institutions in tackling the challenges of slums in developing nations the case of Lagos state, Nigeria." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22608.
Full textAbstract:
This study looks at the role of slum upgrading, political culture, power structure and how these factors affect participation in slum upgrading in Makoko, Lagos. It also investigates how community-based institutions participate in identification of slum challenges, design action plans on curbing the challenges, implementation and monitoring of the plans in Lagos state. Factors that affect the successful implementation or hinder the implementation of participatory processes in slum upgrading effort in Lagos state have also been investigated; this was done in order to explore how implementation or the lack of implementation in the Makoko case relates to existing theories of power structure and political culture factors in participatory slum upgrading.Furthermore, ways of improving participatory approaches to slum upgrading practices have been identified as a way of promoting sustainable practice in subsequent slum upgrade efforts in Lagos.Literature was reviewed with regard to participation in slum upgrading. This was followed by a review of theories of participation, and a discussion of factors that hinder effective participation in slum upgrading process.The single case study research strategy was adopted, in which the researcher interviewed some members of Makoko Community Development Association, community leaders and youths in Makoko community. The data revealed that participation in Makoko slum upgrading took two dimensions. A participatory approach was not adopted in projects initiated by the government.However, there was participation in a project initiated by international organizations. The data also show that power structures, political culture and lack of skills hindered participation. This is consistent with existing theory which argues that political culture, power structure, and skill factors hinder effective participation in slum upgrading. Meanwhile, international organizations’commitments to participatory approach in slum upgrading enhance participation.It was therefore suggested that to improve participatory approaches in future slum upgrading efforts in Lagos, the government must design state laws that will encourage the adoption of participatory approach in slum upgrading by government officials. While international organizations should encourage those who implement participatory approach to slum upgrading.
32
Iyiani, Christian, and n/a. "A case study of HIV/AIDS prevention in Nigeria : assessment and recommendations." University of Otago. Department of Social Work and Community Development, 2008. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20080213.112805.
Full textAbstract:
This is a two-stage study of HIV/AIDS prevention. In Stage One, the study examines the HIV/AIDS approach of Western aid organisations (INGOs) and compares it to the lived realities of people who are most 'at risk', sex workers, unemployed street youth, and married low income families, in the poor migrant community of Ajegunle in Nigeria�s Lagos state. The study found that INGOs and their client NGOs emphasised Western medical models of HIV/AIDS for both intervention (e.g. testing and ARV drugs for management) and prevention (e.g. through education and behaviour change).
In contrast, among 'at-risk' groups, the study revealed a high degree of knowledge about the transmission of HIV/AIDS (contrary to Western medical assumptions), but also detected strong feelings of powerlessness in being able to address it. INGOs and their client organisations were operating at the levels of tertiary or curative and secondary or behaviour change prevention, whereas the views of the local 'at-risk people' indicated relevance of the primary prevention level, the social structural conditions of the people.
In analysing the results of the first stage of the study, the findings identified a process of 'talking past each other' by official aid agencies and those most at risk, thereby inhibiting effective prevention. The INGOs and NGOs used their financial power, based on the gross inequality in the world distribution of resources, to dictate their own agendas, omitting primary intervention and instead concentrating on secondary and tertiary prevention. The study suggests that new thinking about multi-sectoral responses with full community participation is necessary in order to engage in more effective preventive action.
The study then sought out alternative sources of power that might permit that to happen, notably the strengths of the local Ajegunle community. As a poor community, they lacked financial resources and human capital, such as skilled workers, but they had significant knowledge capital about their own circumstances and the realities people faced. The community also had considerable cultural capital and local organisations with considerable relational capital around community links, broad based support and commitment to such action.
This analysis suggests the need to identify and work through the power differentials using community development processes, especially seeking to empower local communities to take part in decision-making over prevention, if effective action is to take place. The process required is one of a negotiated, inclusive partnerships for sharing information, experience, and decision-making, involving all the relevant stakeholders - the International Organisations (INGOs), National NGOs, Community Groups and the community itself.
33
Ferreira, Tiago Finkler. "O papel das macrófitas submersas sobre a qualidade da água, restauração e conservaçao de lagos rasos subtropicais : estudo de caso, a Lagoa Mangueira, RS." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/18978.
Full textAbstract:
O objetivo desta Tese foi avaliar o papel da macrófitas submersas em relação à qualidade da água, interações com o fitoplâncton e ciclagem biogeoquímica na Lagoa Mangueira, um grande lago raso subtropical, no sul do Brasil. Para alcançar estes objetivos, este trabalho conta com uma série de abordagens, como: levantamentos de campo, etapas experimentais e uso de modelos ecológicos para avaliar a influência de macrófitas sobre a dinâmica do ecossistema de estudo, cujas águas são intensamente exploradas para suprir a cultura de arroz em sua área de entorno. Ao longo de seus 200km de perímetro litorâneo, a Lagoa apresenta maciços estandes submersos de vegetação. A análise de qualidade da água e estrutura da comunidade fitoplanctônica ao longo de um gradiente de vegetação submersa, partindo da zona litorânea para a zona pelágica (sem vegetação), revelou menor disponilibidade de nutrientes como orto-fosfato (PO4) e menor concentração de clorofila-a (Clo-a), na área com vegetação submersa. Na zona pelágica, os maiores valores de Clo-a foram corroborados pela maior biomassa fitoplanctônica, sendo representada principalmente por espécies de cianobactérias. Tais evidências sugerem o efeito antagônico entre macrófitas e fitoplâncton, como a competição por nutrientes e alelopatia. Em laboratório, estes mecanismos puderam ser comprovados em experimentos de coexistência realizados em microcosmos com 4 espécies de macrófitas nativas e uma cepa da cianobactéria Microcystis aeruginosa. Os testes envolveram níveis distintos de intensidade luminosa e concentração de PO4 visando determinar limiares para a ocorrência de alelopatia. As espécies Cabomba caroliniana e Myriophyllum spicatum se demonstraram potencialmente alelopáticas enquanto que as espécies Ceratophyllum demersum e Egeria densa apresentaram elevada capacidade de absorção de PO4 (±0,35 mg.g-1d-1) reduzindo rapidamente a concentração deste nutriente a valores abaixo de 0,05 mg.L-1. Outra abordadem experimental foi conduzida para parametrizar a cinética da liberação de nutrientes e carbono de 5 espécies de macrófitas durante o processo de decomposição. Com o auxílio de modelos ecológicos, foi simulado o crescimento de macrófitas submersas em lagos subtropicais e temperados. Isto foi realizado visando avaliar a possibilidade de aumento da resilência do estado de dominância por macrófitas em lagos de baixa latidude devido ao crescimento contínuo da vegetação, ao contrário de lagos temperados, onde as plantas morrem sazonalmente em função do inverno rigoroso. Além disso, foram simulados cenários considerando a possibilidade de colapso da vegetação submersa na Lagoa Mangueira em função de intensa tomada da água da Lagoa para irrigação. Com base na modelagem, foi possível estimar limiares de eutrofização para a proliferação do fitoplâncton. Em suma, os resultados comprovaram os mecanismos de retroalimentação positiva de macrófitas submersas sobre a qualidade da água e importância de suas funções ecológicas para o estado trófico e gestão da Lagoa Mangueira. Além disso, este conjunto de informações constitui uma base teórico-prática para o manejo, restauração e conservação de lagos rasos subtropicais e tropicais.<br>The aim of this Thesis was to evaluate the role of the submerged macrophytes with respect to water quality and, interactions with phytoplankton and nutrient cycling in the large shallow subtropical Lake Mangueira, southern Brazil. To achieve these goals, this work counts with approaches in situ, in laboratory and aplication of ecological modelling to verifify the influence of the submerged vegetation over the dynamics of the ecosystem, whose water is intensively explored to irrigate rice crops around its surrounding area. Over the 200km of the lake littoral perimeter, several submerged macrophyte beds are established. The analysis of water quality and phytoplankton structure along a macrophyte-pelagic gradient revealed lower concentration of orto-phosphate (PO4) and chlorophyll-a (Chlo-a) in the vegetated area. At the pelagic zone, the higher Chlo-a values were corroborated by the higher biomass of phytoplankton, which was mostly composed by cyanobacteria species. Such evidences suggest the antagonistic relantionship between macrophytes and phytoplankton as nutrient competition and allelopathy. Experiments of coexistance, in microcosms, with 4 native submerged macrophytes and a toxic strain of the cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa proved the occurrence of these mechanisms. The experiments included different levels of light intensity and orto-phosphate concentration (PO4) in the medium aiming to identify thresholds in which allelopathy is likely to occur. The macrophytes Cabomba caroliniana and Myriophyllum spicatum showed allelopathic potential while the species Ceratophyllum demersum and Egeria densa showed a high capacity for PO4 absorption (±0.35 mg.g-1d-1), being able to reduce this nutrient to lower levels than 0.05 mg.L-1. Another experimental approach was carried out to parameterize the leaching of nutrients and carbon from 5 macrophytes under decaying process. Moreover, ecological modelling was utilized to simulate the growth of submerged macrophytes in subtropical and temperate lakes. This was done aiming to evaluate the possibility of resilience enhancement of the clear water state in lakes of low latitude because the plants can grow continuously, in contrast with temperate lakes, where they die seasonally due to rigorous winter. In addition, simulation of scenarios considering the collapse of the vegetation in Lake Mangueira because of water uptake for rice crops were carried out in oder to provide elements for the ecosystem management. Through this approach, it was possible to forecast possible eutrophication thresholds for phytoplankton blomming. In conclusion, the results proved the the postive feed-back mechanisms exerted by the submerged macrophytes on the water quality and the importance of their ecological functions to the trophic state of Lake Mangueira. In addition, such information serve as theoretical and practical basis for the management, restoration and conservation of subtropical and tropical shallow lakes.
34
Oliveira, Eugênio Cunha. "Aspectos limnológicos e sanitários de uma lagoa costeira no litoral leste do Ceará - lagoa do Batoque." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18138/tde-15092006-085443/.
Full textAbstract:
As águas da lagoa do Batoque, uma lagoa costeira localizada no litoral leste do Estado do Ceará, foram caracterizadas por meio de coletas mensais realizadas em 4 pontos de amostragem, no período de maio a novembro de 2005 de maneira a obter dados do período seco (mai-jun) e chuvoso (ago-nov). Também foram realizadas duas coletas nictemerais (24h) em 1 ponto de amostragem nos meses de julho e dezembro de maneira a observar as variações diárias das variáveis limnológicas determinadas. Em cada coleta foram realizados perfis de temperatura, condutividade elétrica, turbidez, pH e oxigênio dissolvido e foi avaliada a transparência da água por meio do disco de Secchi. Ademais, foram coletadas amostras de subsuperfície e fundo para a investigação das variáveis: material em suspensão, cor, alcalinidade, compostos nitrogenados, fósforo solúvel reativo (PSR), fósforo total (PT), ferro total, ferro total dissolvido, clorofila a, densidade fitoplanctônica (organismos/mL) e coliformes (totais e termotolerantes). Os resultados demonstram que o sistema estudado apresentou variação sazonal relacionada aos dois períodos hidrológicos distintos. O período chuvoso se caracterizou por um período de precipitações mais intensas e menor insolação enquanto que o seco apresentou maior insolação e maiores velocidades dos ventos, trazendo conseqüências diretas sobre o nível dágua da lagoa estudada, a disponibilidade de nutrientes, o padrão de mistura do sistema, entre outros fatores. A grande variação encontrada no decorrer dos períodos nictemerais demonstrou a forte influência do fotoperíodo sobre a dinâmica do corpo dágua. Em relação à heterogeneidade espacial, foram verificados comportamentos diferenciados entre os diferentes pontos de superfície dágua livre. A coluna dágua não apresentou estratificação (térmica, química) significativa devido principalmente à baixa profundidade do sistema, à forte atuação dos ventos e à elevada transparência da coluna dágua. De acordo com o critério de classificação da OECD, a lagoa do Batoque pode ser considerada um ambiente mesotrófico. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que o sistema apresenta intenso processo de decomposição e regeneração de matéria orgânica, principalmente na região próxima ao sedimento, processo que atua como principal regulador da dinâmica de nutrientes no corpo dágua principalmente durante o período seco, já que durante o período chuvoso o sistema recebe cargas alóctones que dão condições à manutenção da produtividade do mesmo. A comunidade fitoplanctônica foi bastante influenciada pelas características físicas e morfométricas do sistema, como fortes ventos, alta insolação, baixa profundidade e alta transparência da coluna dágua, o que favoreceu o desenvolvimento de organismos fitobentônicos e organismos habituados a sistemas com boas condições de mistura. As baixas concentrações de nutrientes favoreceram o desenvolvimento de organismos de menor tamanho, que aparentemente têm maior facilidade de interação com a comunidade heterotrófica responsável pela ciclagem de nutrientes no sistema. A lagoa do Batoque, apesar de apresentar indícios de contaminação fecal, não está comprometida no que diz respeito à qualidade sanitária de suas águas de acordo com a legislação vigente (CONAMA 274/00 e 357/05).<br>The water quality of Batoque lagoon, a coastal lagoon located along the eastern shoreline of the state of Ceará, Brazil, was characterized by means of monthly samplings from May to November 2005 to obtain dry-season (May-Jun) and wet-season (Aug-Nov) data. Additionally, two nycthemeral (24hr.) samplings were performed in July and December to observe daily variation of the limnological variables investigated. Temperature, electrical conductivity, turbidity, pH, dissolved oxygen, and an assessment of water transparency (with Secchi disk) were measured in each water column sample. Moreover, subsurface and bottom samples were collected to determine the following variables: suspended material, color, alkalinity, nitrogen compounds ('NH IND.3,4'POT.+', 'NO IND.2'POT.-', 'NO IND.3'POT.-' and total nitrogen), soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP), total phosphorus (TP), total iron, total dissolved iron, chlorophyll a, phytoplankton density (org/mL), and coliforms (fecal and thermo tolerant). The results demonstrate that the system experiences seasonal variations related to the two distinct hydrological seasons. The wet season was characterized by intense rainfall and lower insolation. Whereas the dry season showed higher insolation and wind speeds directly influencing the water level of the lagoon as well as the availability of nutrients and the mixing pattern of the system, among other things. Furthermore, the high degree of variation observed during nycthemeral investigations demonstrated the strong influence of the photoperiod on the dynamics of this body of water. Variation in spatial heterogeneity among different sampling points was identified. The water column showed no significant stratification (thermal, chemical), due primarily to the low depth of the system, strong winds, and high water transparency. According to OECD classification criteria, Batoque lagoon can be considered a mesotrophic environment. The results obtained, suggest that the system is under an intense process of decomposition and regeneration of organic matter (primarily in the region nearest to the sediments). This process acts as the principal regulator of nutrient dynamics in the lagoon mainly during the dry season, since during the wet season the system receives allochthonous loads that contribute to maintaining the systems productivity. The phytoplanktonic community was significantly influenced by the systems physical and morphometrics features such as strong winds, high insolation, low depth, and high transparency of the water column which favor the development of phytobenthic organisms and those habituated to well-mixed environments. Additionally, the low nutrient concentrations favor the development of smaller organisms which apparently have greater ease of interaction with the heterotrophic community that is responsible for cycling nutrients in the system. Although Batoque lagoon presented indices of fecal contamination, it has not been shown to be compromised in relation to the sanitary quality of its waters according to current legislation (CONAMA 274/00 and 357/05).
35
Lee, Sangmi. "Between the diaspora and the nation-state : transnational continuity and fragmentation among Hmong in Laos and the United States." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:644c93e2-ae52-494d-93ca-ebda995bd0a0.
Full textAbstract:
Based on fourteen-months of multi-sited, ethnographic fieldwork that compares two Hmong communities in Vang Vieng, Laos, and Sacramento, California in the United States, my doctoral thesis examines how the Hmong diaspora is constituted in the absence of a territorial ethnic homeland. Although scholars claim that the Hmong originated in the southwestern part of China, many Hmong are uncertain about their origins and have lost their connections to the ancestral homeland. This thesis suggests we examine diasporas as a dialectical process involving both transnational continuity and national differentiation. Despite their further migratory dispersal after the Vietnam War, Hmong in Laos and the United States have actively created a transnational diasporic community by maintaining their cultural practices across national borders, particularly in the domains of kinship practices and spiritual rituals. At the same time, diasporic Hmong have also created partial 'homes' in the nation-states where they reside. Therefore, their ethnic traditions and perceptions are transformed according to different national contexts, such as local socioeconomic conditions, state policies, and access to economic capital. This results in cultural differences within the diaspora. In addition, Hmong in different countries disagree about their relative position in the diaspora in relation to each other, leading to discursive fragmentation. As a result, diasporas are refracted through different national affiliations. Nonetheless, the sense of national belonging among diasporic Hmong remains partial because they continue to experience social, economic, and ethnic marginalization as an ethnic minority group in both Laos and the United States, which causes them to maintain a diasporic affiliation to Hmong scattered in other countries as an alternative source of ethnic belonging. In this sense, the Hmong are constantly positioned 'in-between' the diaspora and the nation-state.
36
Teixeira, Lacina Maria Freitas. "Influência da heterogeneidade espacial e da escala de tempo na estrutura e dinâmica da comunidade fitoplanctônica em um lago raso subtropical (Lagoa Mangueira, RS)." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2015. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/4841.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2015-10-09T13:32:14Z
No. of bitstreams: 1
LACINA MARIA FREITAS TEIXEIRA_.pdf: 1605999 bytes, checksum: 3291f09168d3ebd23eab03339dd4bd64 (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-09T13:32:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
LACINA MARIA FREITAS TEIXEIRA_.pdf: 1605999 bytes, checksum: 3291f09168d3ebd23eab03339dd4bd64 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2015-03-30<br>Nenhuma<br>O fitoplâncton é formado por organismos bastante diversos, de origem polifilética, composto principalmente por seres unicelulares autótrofos, que não são capazes de vencer as correntes (FALKOVISK; RAVEN, 1997). A dinâmica, distribuição e estrutura das comunidades fitoplanctônicas podem ser explicadas por uma variedade de fatores bióticos e abióticos relacionados à heterogeneidade ambiental. O presente estudo teve por principal objetivo avaliar a influência da heterogeneidade espacial e da escala temporal na estrutura e dinâmica da comunidade fitoplanctônica em um lago raso subtropical (Lagoa Mangueira, RS). O estudo ocorreu na Lagoa Mangueira, (sul do Brasil), que é um ecossistema aquático raso (Zmax = 7 m), extenso (90 km de extensão, 3 – 10 km de largura), polimíctico quente, considerado oligo-mestrófico, sob influência direta de um banhado adjacente ao norte e tem suas margens amplamente habitadas por macrófitas aquáticas, especialmente ao sul. Amostragens foram realizadas na subsuperfície da água, trimestralmente, por dois anos, em 19 pontos, compreendendo as zonas pelágica e litoral e as regiões sul, centro e norte da lagoa, para análises abióticas e biológicas. Foram ainda efetuadas amostragens em curtos intervalos de tempo durante 60 dias nas zonas pelágica e litoral na região sul. A estrutura da comunidade fitoplanctônica foi analisada a partir de medidas de clorofila a, biomassa, riqueza, diversidade de espécies, espécies descritoras e diversidade funcional. Cyanobacteria (ex. Chroococcus limneticus, Aphanocapsa conferta, Aphanothece smithii, Planktolyngbya contorta) foi o grupo mais representativo independente da região (sul, centro ou norte) ou zonas (litoral ou pelágica). Observou-se um claro padrão espacial em direção ao norte da lagoa, que apresentou maiores valores de biomassa total e clorofila. Contudo, a riqueza e as espécies descritoras não demonstraram padrão espacial nítido. A Análise de Redundância (RDA) evidenciou a forte organização temporal das espécies em função do cenário abiótico, indicando que o alto grau de variabilidade temporal devido à hidrodinâmica local foi o principal fator direcionador da estrutura da comunidade fitoplanctônica na Lagoa Mangueira no período de estudo. Os resultados da análise da diversidade funcional demonstraram que não houve organização espacial considerando-se as formas de vida e a estrutura de tamanho da comunidade fitoplanctônica no período estudado, embora os grupos funcionais fitoplanctônicos tenham respondido à variação nos recursos, especialmente aumentando sua variedade e contribuição nos meses de primavera e verão, segregando o norte da lagoa, independente das zonas estudadas (pelágica e litoral). Em curta escala de tempo a comunidade fitoplanctônica da região pelágica se mostrou mais equitativa do que a região litoral ao longo do tempo. A
contribuição das espécies Chroococcus limneticus, Aphanocapsa conferta e Aphanothece smithii a partir do 9° dia na região pelágica e praticamente todo o período estudado na região litoral indicam que embora tenha se verificado a variação da precipitação e vento ao longo do tempo, estados de equilíbrio da comunidade fitoplanctônica em ambientes fortemente condicionados pela hidrodinâmica podem ocorrer.<br>The phytoplankton is formed by very different organisms of polyphyletic origin, composed mainly by autotrophic unicellular beings who are not able to overcome the current (FALKOVISK; RAVEN, 1997). The dynamics, distribution and structure of phytoplankton communities can be explained by a variety of biotic and abiotic factors related to environmental heterogeneity. The principal objective of the present study was evaluate the influence of spatial heterogeneity and the temporal, on the structure and dynamics of phytoplankton in a subtropical shallow lake (Mangueira Lagoon, RS). The study took place in the Mangueira Lagoon (southern Brazil), which is a shallow aquatic ecosystem (Zmax = 7 m) long (90 km long, 3-10 km wide), continuous hot polymictic, considered oligo-mesotrophic, under the direct influence of an adjacent wetland on the north and has its margins inhabited largely by aquatic macrophytes, especially in the south. Samples were taken in the subsurface of the water, quarterly, for two years, in 19 sites, including the pelagic and coastal zones and the southern, central and northern regions of the lagoon, for abiotic and biological analysis. Samples were also collected in short time intervals during 60 days in the pelagic and coastal zones in the south region. The structure of the phytoplankton community was analyzed by measures of chlorophyll a, biomass, richness, diversity of species, descriptors species and functional diversity. Cyanobacteria (e.g., Chroococcus limneticus, Aphanocapsa conferta, Aphanothece smithii, Planktolyngbya contorta) was the most representative group independently of region (southern, central or north) or zones (coastal or pelagic). It was observed a clear spatial pattern to the north of the lagoon, which showed higher values of total biomass and chlorophyll. However, richness and descriptors species showed no clear spatial pattern. The Redundancy Analysis (RDA) showed strong temporal organization of the species as a function of the abiotic scenario, indicating that the high degree of temporal variability due to the local hydrodynamics was the main determining factor of the structure of phytoplankton community in the Mangueira Lagoon during the period of study. The results of the analysis of functional diversity showed that there was no spatial organization considering the forms of life and the size structure of the phytoplankton community during the period of study, although the phytoplankton functional groups had responded to changes in resources, especially increasing its variety and contribution in the months of spring and summer, segregating the north of the lagoon, independently of the studied zones (pelagic and coastal). In short timescale the phytoplankton community from the pelagic area was more equitable than that from the coastal region over time. The contribution of the species Chroococcus
limneticus, Aphanocapsa conferta and Aphanothece smithii from the 9th day in the pelagic region and practically the entire period studied in the coastal region indicate that despite the variation in precipitation and wind observed over time, steady-state of the phytoplankton community in environments strongly conditioned by hydrodynamics may occur.
37
Kenney-Lazar, Miles. "Resisting with the State| The Authoritarian Governance of Land in Laos." Thesis, Clark University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10246657.
Full textAbstract:
<p> Over the past decade, the government of Laos has granted extensive tracts of land to plantation, mining, and hydropower investors across the country, constituting five percent of the national territory. Such projects have transformed rural livelihoods and environments, particularly via the dispossession of the lands, fields, and forests that Lao peasants rely upon for daily subsistence and cash income. While large-scale land acquisitions, or land grabs, across the Global South have been countered by social protest and movements in many countries, organized and vocal social mobilization is largely absent in Laos due to authoritarian state repression of dissident activity perceived to be anti-government. Lao peasants, however, have increasingly crafted politically creative methods of resistance that have enabled some communities and households to maintain access to land that had been allocated to investors. In this dissertation, I examine how effective resistance materializes within the Lao political landscape, by resisting with the state, shaping how industrial tree plantations are governed and their geographies of agrarian-environmental transformation. </p><p> The overarching argument of the dissertation is that in authoritarian contexts, like Laos, peasants are able to maintain access to land by taking advantage of political relations among state, corporate, and community actors that provide politically feasible means of refusal. Peasants find ways to resist that tread a middle path, that do not challenge state hegemonic power nor engage in under-the-radar acts of everyday resistance. Instead, they exploit and refashion established lines and relations of power among communities, state agencies, and plantation managers. They resist within the bounds of state power. Political relations between resource companies and the state vary, affecting how state sovereignty is mobilized to dispossess peasants of their land. Communities targeted by companies with weak relations with the state are afforded greater opportunities to contest such projects as they are not developed with the heavy coercion afforded to companies with better state relations. Communities that have powerful political connections with the state are also in a better position to resist. They are able to more effectively lodge their claims with the state when they have the political links to do so, particularly ethnic and kinship ties developed during the Second Indochina War. Communities more effectively resist the acquisition of lands that are afforded greater value by the state, particularly lowland paddy rice fields and state conservation areas. Finally, internal community relations, particularly democratic decision-making and solidarity, shape how effectively they mobilize against unjust land dispossession. </p><p> These arguments draw upon 20 months of in-country, ethnographic fieldwork during which I studied the operations of two plantation companies in 10 villages of Phin and Xepon districts, eastern Savannakhet province, southern Laos. One company is a state-owned Vietnamese rubber enterprise while the other is a private Chinese paper and pulp company planting eucalyptus and acacia trees. The bulk of the data comes from semi-structured one-on-one and focus group interviews with government officials at all administrative levels, civil society organizations, plantation company managers, village leaders, village households, and village women. The study is also deeply informed by participant observation – particularly with Lao government officials, civil society organizations, and rural communities – and by participatory mapping exercises and collected investment project documents. </p><p> The dissertation makes novel contributions to the discipline of geography. First, I demonstrate the importance of contested political ethnography, a methodological approach through which immersion in uncomfortable and oppositional political situations provides insights that would otherwise go unnoticed. Second, I contribute to understandings of how nature-society transformations occur in under-studied, authoritarian political contexts where neoliberal reforms are integrated with a heavy-handed role of the state in the economy. Third, I theorize how resistance can materialize and be effective in such contexts, despite its heavy repression. Fourth, I contribute to understandings of how dispossession actually occurs in practice and is governed by varying political relationships, leading to geographically variegated agrarian-environmental transformations.</p>
38
Silva, Juliana Souza da. "Estudo a longo prazo da assembleia de Chironomidae em lagos rasos." reponame:Repositório Institucional da FURG, 2012. http://repositorio.furg.br/handle/1/4386.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertação (mestrado)-Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, 2012.<br>Submitted by Cristiane Gomides (cristiane_gomides@hotmail.com) on 2014-01-13T17:21:35Z
No. of bitstreams: 1
0000010065.pdf: 2640072 bytes, checksum: 684c38e9d51f045a0f7b69cc99781e58 (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by cristiane soares (krikasoares@live.com) on 2014-02-23T02:02:19Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1
0000010065.pdf: 2640072 bytes, checksum: 684c38e9d51f045a0f7b69cc99781e58 (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2014-02-23T02:02:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
0000010065.pdf: 2640072 bytes, checksum: 684c38e9d51f045a0f7b69cc99781e58 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2012<br>Esta dissertação teve como objetivo descrever a composição e estrutura da assembleia de Chironomidae durante um período de 10 anos e sua resposta frente a mudança de estados alternativos em um lago raso. Buscou-se também verificar se a estrutura das plantas aquáticas tem influência sobre esta assembleia em quatro diferentes lagos. Para verificar a semelhança quanto à composição dos gêneros entre os anos foi realizada similaridade de Jaccard e Nonmetric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS, distância de Bray Curtis) para verificar a similaridade entre os anos com base nas abundâncias dos gêneros. A contribuição das variáveis ambientais para a distribuição dos gêneros de Chironomidae ao longo dos anos foi avaliada através da Análise de Correspondência Canônica (CCA). No estudo que analisou a influência da complexidade das plantas e características ambientais entre quatro lagos foi realizado a similaridade de Jaccard para verificar a semelhança quanto à composição dos gêneros entre os lagos e a composição em relação as plantas, MANOVA para testar se existe diferença entre os lagos e entre as plantas em relação às abundâncias médias dos gêneros, MANOVA entre os lagos em função dos grupos tróficos funcionais (GTFs) e entre as plantas em função dos GTFs. Os resultados do estudo a longo prazo no lago eutrófico demonstraram mudanças na riqueza, densidade e estrutura trófica de Chironomidae, com as alterações na qualidade de água e estrutura do ecossistema, confirmando nossa hipótese de que esta assembleia pode ser utilizada como indicadora nos estados alternativos e estado trófico em lagos rasos subtropicais. Os resultados indicam que as mudanças de estados alternativos podem corresponder a distúrbios de moderada intensidade no ecossistema. A assembleia de Chironomidae respondeu com maior riqueza e diversidade nos períodos de transição, sugerindo que este grupo responde a hipótese do distúrbio intermediário. Os resultados referentes ao estudo sobre a complexidade de plantas indicam que a complexidade da estrutura das plantas aquáticas em ambientes lênticos subtropicais rasos, influencia na composição dos gêneros de Chironomidae. Embora não tenhamos encontrado diferença significativa entre os lagos em relação a abundância desses gêneros, com a categorização em grupos funcionais obtivemos uma resposta desses organismos em relação as características ambientais de cada lago.<br>This study aims to describe the composition and structure of the assembly of chironomids for a period of 10 years and its response to change of alternative states in a shallow eutrophic lake. It also sought to verify that the structure of aquatic plants has an influence on this assembly in four different lakes. To check the similarity in the composition of the genera was performed between the years Jaccard similarity and Nonmetric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS, Bray Curtis distance) to verify the similarity between the years based on the abundances of the genera. The contribution of environmental variables for the distribution of Chironomidae genera over the years was evaluated by Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA). In the study examined the influence of the complexity of plants and environmental characteristics of four lakes was conducted Jaccard similarity to verify the similarity in the composition of the genera among the lakes and composition in relation to plants, MANOVA to see if there are differences between the lakes and among plants in relation to the average abundances of the genera, MANOVA between lakes depending on the functional trophic groups (GTFs) and among plants depending on the GTFs. The results of longterm study in eutrophic lake showed changes in density, richness and trophic structure of Chironomidae with changes in water quality and ecosystem structure confirming our hypothesis that this assembly can be used as an indicator in the alternative states and trophic state in subtropical shallow lakes. The results indicate that changes in alternative states may correspond to moderate disturbances in the ecosystem. The assembly of chironomids responded with greater richness and diversity in transition periods, suggesting that this group responds to the intermediate disturbance hypothesis. The results for the study of the complexity of plants indicate that the complexity of the structure of aquatic plants in lentic shallow subtropical influences the composition of the genera of Chironomidae. Although we found no significant difference between the lakes relative abundance of these genera, as categorized into functional groups obtained a response of these organisms in relation to environmental characteristics of each lake.
39
Schippers, Lan Katharina. "Aid for trade as contested state building intervention : the cases of Laos and Vietnam." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2018. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/36698.
Full textAbstract:
The thesis analyses the provision of "Aid for Trade" as a specific form of state building intervention (SBI) in Laos and Vietnam, two countries that have received trade-related assistance as part of their global economic integration. The thesis uncovers how global economic and institutional reform agendas related to trade integration are accepted or contested within both states, as part of a highly political process characterised by strategic agency and structural selectivities of various actors involved. The thesis employs a theoretical framework to help analyse how global trade governance programmes intervene within targeted states, and how local socio-political contestation shapes the outcomes of such programmes. Drawing on Marxist state theory, SBIs are understood as contested processes which open up strategic opportunities for social forces to shape the transformation process and thereby to stabilise or challenge existing power relations. Special attention is directed towards the state as an arena of conflict in order to understand the specific forms and varying results that these interventions take. This framework allows us to grasp how dominant social forces within the Laotian and Vietnamese forms of state are able to modify or circumvent external reform imperatives, resulting in highly selective changes in trade governance, which often departs from the intention of "Aid for Trade" project managers. The thesis thereby changes conventional technocratic assumptions that believe that aid interventions are a matter of best practice and contributes to a growing research agenda which analyses development interventions within the wider political economy of the targeted state.
40
Chanthalath, Bounthanongsack. "Small and Medium Sized States’ Responses to Rising China:Comparing Cambodia, Laos and Thailand." Thesis, Griffith University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366850.
Full textAbstract:
China’s meteoric rise has produced a series of challenges for states around its periphery. In Southeast Asia, small and medium sized states are exposed to different challenges accompanying China’s rise, the nature of which depend on their geographical location, historical relations with China, and their contemporary political and economic interdependence with China. While maritime Southeast Asian states view China’s approach to the South China Sea dispute cautiously, mainland Southeast Asian states have no major territorial disputes with China and remain more optimistic about its regional role. Whether these states are really moving into China’s sphere of influence is an open question, but how they are reacting is important because they will likely shape the dynamics of regionalism in Asia for some time to come. They will also be important in shaping the nature of the US-China relationship in Asia, which will in turn have global implications.
This thesis investigates the strategies being adopted by small and medium sized states in Southeast Asia ─ Cambodia, Laos and Thailand ─ toward rising China and the reasons why they are adopting it. It will be argued that these three states are neither forming alliances with other states to balance China’s influence, nor are they fully bandwagoning with China. Although China’s economic and political rise is furnishing them with tangible economic benefits for their development, it is unlikely these states will terminate their alliances with the U.S. (in Thailand’s case), or Vietnam (in the case of Cambodia, and Laos). Instead, they will continue to hedge on China.<br>Thesis (PhD Doctorate)<br>Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)<br>Griffith Business School<br>Griffith Business School<br>Full Text
41
Norton, Edward. "Steady State and Dynamic Oscillatory Shear Properties of Carbon Black Filled Elastomers." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1553332886931084.
Full text
42
Hein, Andrew S. "Quaternary glaciations in the Lago Pueyrredón Valley, Argentina." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/3858.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis develops a better knowledge of the extent and timing of glaciations in southern Argentina throughout the Quaternary. It provides a detailed understanding of successive major glacial outlet lobes in the Lago Pueyrredón valley. The glacial and glaciofluvial deposits in the valley, as elsewhere in the region, are extremely well-preserved and reflect punctuated glacial advances between ~ 1.1 Ma and ~ 17 ka. Several intermediate glaciations are undated, constrained by the limited time frame of radiocarbon age dating, the limited potential volcanic sites for K-Ar or 40Ar/39Ar age dating, and erosion and exhumation problems associated with cosmogenic-nuclide surface exposure ages on moraines. This thesis provides a new chronology for the mid-Quaternary glaciations based on methodological advances in cosmogenic-nuclide surface exposure age dating. This is done by deriving ages from glacial outwash terrace sediment and demonstrating their reliability. The work shows that for younger (i.e., last glacial) moraines, well-constrained ages can be derived from the common-practice of dating large boulders on the moraine surface. However, on older moraines, the ages so-derived become considerably scattered. This is interpreted to be caused primarily by boulder exhumation as a consequence of moraine erosion, resulting in shorter residence of some boulders at the surface relative to the moraine formation date. By contrast, glacial outwash surfaces in this area, if carefully chosen, can be shown to have undergone little aggradation or erosion, and thus have had long and consistent surface exposure since formation. Provided these surfaces can be stratigraphically linked with the glacial limits, they can provide good surface exposure ages. This has been convincingly confirmed in one location by a sequence of ages obtained from a 10Be concentration depth-profile which demonstrate the surface stability and lack of inherited nuclides. Using these methods, cosmogenic 10Be and 26Al surface exposure ages indicate successive major advances occurred at ~ 1.2 Ma, ~ 600 ka, ~ 260 ka and ~27 – 17.5 ka. These are correlated with global marine and ice core records.
43
Costa, Claudio Augusto Lima da. "Policiamento comunitário na cidade de Lages/SC - violência, participação e reconhecimento." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/56573.
Full textAbstract:
A presente dissertação tem como objetivo analisar a evolução do Policiamento Comunitário na cidade de Lages/SC da sua fundação aos dias de hoje, conhecer as opiniões de pessoas ligadas à segurança pública na referida cidade e à comunidade em geral acerca da funcionalidade e real efetividade do Policiamento Comunitário; verificar de que forma o Policiamento Comunitário e, por consequência, os Conselhos Comunitários de Segurança – CONSEGs se constituem num instrumento de participação popular, prevenção à violência localizada e às conflitualidades e, principalmente, as razões do enfraquecimento do projeto nos dias de hoje. Trata-se de um estudo de caso que tem como premissa a compreensão do desenvolvimento de um projeto de polícia cidadã a partir de uma anatomia das instituições policiais, em especial na cidade de Lages/SC. A pesquisa utiliza-se de instrumentos bibliográficos e empíricos para chegar às respostas almejadas. Transita por aspectos históricos da formação da Polícia no mundo e no Brasil, em especial no Estado de Santa Catarina, assim como a relação da instituição com a sociedade em geral. Para tanto efetiva uma evolução histórico-normativa que capacita a plena compreensão do papel e função da Polícia Militar e da Polícia Civil no decorrer dos tempos. Utiliza, ainda, como matriz teórica a compreensão acerca do conceito de violência, em especial a institucional, e a participação social e popular num referencial de fortalecimento democrático e instrumento de reconhecimento de si e do outro nas formulações de políticas públicas na área da segurança. Avança na compreensão do papel das polícias, tipos-ideais em disputa e a transição de um modelo profissional de Polícia para um modelo cidadão, num momento de modernidade onde as relações sociais encontram-se tão alinhadas às relações econômicas e aos adventos ligados à globalização. Como técnicas de coleta de dados foram empregadas a observação e a observação participante, entrevistas semi-estruturadas, questionário, grupos focais e análise de documentos e gravações de audiências públicas e sessões especiais fomentadas pelo Poder Legislativo local acerca do tema em questão. Por fim, conclui-se que o policiamento comunitário ainda é o projeto preferido pela comunidade e Estado quando se fala em modelos de Polícia, porém as relações internas das polícias, sintetizadas em resistências de quadros de comando ao novo modelo, aliadas às dificuldades na relação entre as polícias, à falta de estrutura orçamentária, física e pessoal, e a uma maior capacitação da polícia e da própria comunidade aliadas ao processo de alijamento da comunidade do seu direito de discutir segurança pública e prioridades na área para a sua comunidade, representaram os principais entraves ao bom andamento do projeto de implantação em Lages/SC.<br>This dissertation aims to analyze the evolution of community policing in Lages / SC from its establishment until present days, the opinions of the personnel dealing with public security policies in that city, and the functionality and effectiveness of the community policing; to verify how community policing and the Community Safety Councils - CONSEGS constitute both an instrument of public participation, as well as an instrument for prevention of violence and local conflictualities; and to especially to verify the reasons for the current diminution in importance of such project at present time. The objective of this case study is to put forward an understanding of the development of the community policing in the city of Lages / SC, in the perspective of its relation to the traditional anatomy of police institutions. This research relies both on empirical and on theoretical data. Historical facts are referred to in order to trace back policeman training in the state of Santa Catarina and the relationships throughout different times of police institutions with broader society. It takes on a historical-normative pathway, which enables for an understanding of the roles and functions of the Military Police and Civil Police in the state of Santa Catarina. It also approaches the concept of violence, focusing on the types of violence perpetrated by police authorities; the problem of public participation as means of strengthening democratic institutions; the recognition of the self and of the other as central concerns within activities of policymaking in the public security field. It advances on the understanding of the social role of the police institution, and on the prospects of the transition from a tradition pattern of policing to a new pattern centrally focused on the citizen now the social relations are transformed by new economic phenomena and impacted by consequences of globalization. The research relies on direct observation, participant observation, semi-structured interviews, questionnaires, focus groups, analysis of documents, recordings of public hearings as data collection techniques. The conclusion advanced is that the community policing is the most adequate design for granting the local community with a democratic way of managing public security affairs, but the refusal amongst high-rank police commanders and the difficulties found in the relations between the military and civil polices have proven to offer great obstacle for the further strengthening of this new type of policing. Furthermore, budget constrictions and lack of personnel also impedes the deeper participation of community members into the process of discussing themes of public security relevance with police institutions in Lages / SC.
44
Stanish, Charles. "Formacion estatal temprana en la cuenca del lago Titicaca, Andes surcentrales." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/113479.
Full textAbstract:
Early State Formation in the Titicaca BasinThe Lake Titicaca Basin in highland Peru and Bolivia ranks as one of the great centers of early state development in the world. This paper outlines the complex processes of early state formation in this region during the time period from approximately 500 B.C. to A.D. 400. During this Upper Formative Period, there were dozens of complex non-state level societies throughout the Titicaca region. Over time, one of these societies known as Tiwanaku, successfully competed with other polities in the region for economic, political and ideological power. By A.D. 400, Tiwanaku had become the first fully integrated state system in the region powerful enough to expand well beyond its core territory in subsequent centuries. The key process involved in early state development in the Titicaca Basin centers on the control of domestic labor by emergent elites during the Upper Formative Period. This paper defines the nature of these elite strategies including the intensification of agricultural systems, the expansion of interregional trade, the creation of elite ideologies and successful competition with other elites.<br>La cuenca del lago Titicaca en la sierra del Perú y de Bolivia está considerada como uno de los grandes centros del desarrollo estatal temprano en el mundo. Este trabajo esboza los procesos complejos de la formación del estado temprano en esta región durante el periodo entre 500 a.C y 400 d.C. Durante este periodo del Formativo Superior existían docenas de sociedades complejas en toda la región de Titicaca, todas de un nivel no estatal. Con el curso del tiempo, una de estas sociedades, conocida como Tiwanaku, compitió exitosamente con las demás formaciones políticas de la región en busca del poder económico, político e ideológico. Alrededor de 400 d.C., Tiwanaku se convirtió en el primer sistema estatal plenamente integrado de la región con suficiente poder para expandirse mucho más allá del núcleo territorial en los siglos siguientes. El proceso clave dentro del desarrollo estatal temprano de la cuenca del Titicaca se centra en el control de la labor doméstica por elites que aparecieron durante el Periodo Formativo Superior. En este trabajo se define la naturaleza de las estrategias de estas elites, las que incluyen la intensificación de los sistemas agrícolas, la expansión del comercio interregional, la creación de ideologías de elite y la competencia exitosa con otras elites.
45
Borba, Carolina dos Anjos de. "Terras negras nos dois lados do Atlântico : quem são os proprietários? : estudo comparado - Cabo Verde/Brasil." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/72253.
Full textAbstract:
A presente tese de doutorado intenciona analisar os processos sociais que possibilitaram a ascensão de descendentes de escravos como possuidores de terra em contextos pós-coloniais. O debate ora suscitado busca eleger como foco de reflexão as relações que produzem discursos de verdade, nos quais antigos rendeiros (Cabo Verde) e quilombolas (Brasil) não se constituem facilmente na figura de proprietários. As teorias do estado de exceção leem esses fenômenos de oscilação política como uma forma peculiar de resguardar a segurança pública em um paradigma arbitrário de governo. Sendo assim, serão apresentados argumentos que vislumbrem a insegurança fundiária nos dois países em um quadro complexo do referido estado de exceção que mescla elementos étnicos e políticos. Neste fulcro, serão apresentados dois universos rurais: São Salvador do Mundo (Cabo Verde) e Canguçu, Quilombo Maçambique (Brasil) - o primeiro assistiu às fortes disputas territoriais entre morgados e rendeiros, passando pelo projeto de reforma agrária e, atualmente, encontra-se sob a posse de pequenos agricultores; o segundo experimentou as variadas transformações históricas no que se refere à questão fundiária sulina, bem como concentrou em seu espaço territorial um grande número de trabalhadores escravos no séc. XIX. As duas localidades partem de contextos sociais de trabalho subalternizado por proprietários brancos, porém encontrando destinos raciais diversos, oferecendo materiais etnográficos densos para trabalhar a questão teórica “terra-segurança”.<br>This doctoral thesis intends to analyze the social processes that enabled the rise of the descendants of slaves as having land in postcolonial contexts. The debate raised now seeking election as a focus for reflection relations that produce discourse of truth, in which former tenants (Cabo Verde) and maroon (Brasil) are not easily figure of the owners. Theories of the state of exception read these oscillation phenomena in politics as a peculiar form of protecting public safety in a paradigm of arbitrary government. Thus, arguments are presented that envisage tenure insecurity in both countries in a complex picture of that state of exception that ethnic and political mix. This core will be presented two rural universes: the São Salvador do Mundo (Cabo Verde) and Canguçu, Quilombo Maçambique (Brasil) - the first attended the strong territorial disputes between heirs and tenants, through the agrarian reform project and currently is under possession of small farmers, the latter tried the various historical transformations in relation to the southern land issue, and focused on their territorial space a large number of slave laborers in the century. XIX. The two locations run by social contexts of work subalternizado by white owners, but finding racially diverse destinations, offering dense ethnographic materials to work the theoretical question "land-security."
46
Aguiar, Michelle Rosa de. "Análise das alterações ambientais na Lagoa Negra, Viamão/RS : enfoque na qualidade da água." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/15008.
Full textAbstract:
A pesquisa aqui apresentada objetivou desenvolver uma análise das alterações ambientais da lagoa Negra, focalizando a qualidade da água. A lagoa Negra está situada no Parque Estadual de Itapuã, Município de Viamão, Estado do Rio Grande do Sul/Brasil. Para alcançar o objetivo geral deste estudo, estabeleceu-se três objetivos específicos, quais sejam: caracterizar a formação e dinâmica natural da lagoa Negra no âmbito regional; caracterizar a evolução da cobertura vegetal e do uso do solo no entorno desta lagoa; analisar as águas da lagoa Negra a partir de parâmetros físico-químicos de qualidade. A análise da formação e da dinâmica natural evidenciou que a lagoa Negra tem sua gênese relacionada à formação da Planície Costeira do Rio Grande do Sul, caracterizando-se como um ambiente lacustre distrófico e por isso com tendência, ainda que remota, a se transformar em uma grande turfeira. No entanto, a caracterização da cobertura vegetal e do uso do solo nas áreas circundantes a lagoa Negra evidenciou que as atividades econômicas, relacionadas à agricultura, estão interferindo no processo natural de evolução da área em estudo. Para inferir sobre tais interferências, a água da lagoa Negra foi analisada a partir dos seguintes parâmetros físico-químicos de qualidade: condutividade elétrica, demanda bioquímica de oxigênio (DBO), fósforo total, nitrato, oxigênio dissolvido (OD), potencial de hidrogênio (pH), sólidos dissolvidos totais (SDT), sólidos suspensos totais (SST) e turbidez. A coleta de água, para análise laboratorial, foi feita em dois pontos: Ponto 01 e Ponto 02. A partir da análise dos parâmetros físico-químicos da água da lagoa Negra, percebeu-se que alguns destes aumentaram seus valores significativamente na Terceira Campanha Amostral, como é o caso do fósforo total e do nitrato. Cabe ressaltar que este ocorrido foi verificado apenas no Ponto 02, ou seja, no ponto da lagoa Negra mais próximo às áreas de lavoura do arroz. Nesse sentido, a proposta de trabalho adverte sobre a necessidade de implantação de uma zona de amortecimento para o Parque Estadual de Itapuã, de forma a garantir uma maior proteção à lagoa Negra, já que esta é praticamente o limite físico entre o parque e as áreas destinadas ao cultivo do arroz.<br>The research presented here aimed to develop an analysis of changes in the environment of the Black Lagoon, focusing on water quality. The Black Lagoon is located in the Itapuã State Park, City of Viamão, state of Rio Grande do Sul / Brazil. To achieve the overall objective of this study, it was established three specific objectives: characterize the natural dynamics of the Black Lagoon at the regional area; characterize the evolution of plant cover and the use of soil around the lagoon; analyse the Black’s Lagoon water from physical and chemical parameters of quality. The analysis of training and the natural dynamics showed that the Black Lagoon has its genesis related to the formation of the Coastal Plain of Rio Grande do Sul, characterizing itself as a dystrophic lake environment and so on trend, though remote, to become a large bog. However, the characterization of plant cover and of land use in areas surrounding the Black Lagoon showed that the economic activities, related to agriculture, are interfering with the natural process of evolution of the area under study. To infer about such interference, the Black’s Lagoon water was analyzed from the following physical and chemical parameters of quality: electrical conductivity, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total phosphorus, nitrate, dissolved oxygen (DO), potential of hydrogen (pH), total dissolved solids (SDT), total suspended solids (TSS) and turbidity. The water collection for laboratory analysis was done on two points: Point 01 and Point 02. From the analysis of physical and chemical parameters of water in the Black Lagoon, it is understood that some of its values increased significantly in the Third Sample Campaign, such as the total phosphorus and nitrate. It is noteworthy that this occurrency was found only in Point 02, that is the closest point of the Black Lagoon to the areas of rice farming. Accordingly, the proposed work warns about the need for deployment of an area of damping to the Itapuã State Park to ensure greater protection to the Black Lagoon, as this is virtually the physical limit between the park and areas for the cultivation of rice.
47
Giovannini, Gabriele. "The impact of Multinational Transboundary Infrastructures (MTIs) on the relational power of small states : a case study of Laos." Thesis, Northumbria University, 2017. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/35655/.
Full textAbstract:
The International Relations (IR) literature has been dominated by studies on great powers, often neglecting the role of small states. Moreover, the accounts on small states have generally overlooked the role of geography. This thesis proposes an analytical framework to observe the role of geography by observing the impact of Multinational Transboundary Infrastructures (MTIs) on the relational power of small states. The framework is then applied to the case study of Laos observing the impact of two selected MTIs – the Xayaburi dam and the Boten-Vientiane high-speed railway – on Laos’s relational power with respect to Vietnam and China. Data has been collected through a set of 48 semi-structured qualitative elite interviews mainly carried out during a period of fieldwork in Laos in 2015. The data generated by the interviews, triangulated with other primary and secondary sources, enabled a process tracing analysis of the two negotiation processes on the selected MTIs. The findings show that the two observed MTIs positively affected the relational power of Laos despite the asymmetry that shapes its bilateral relationships with both Vietnam and China in terms of capabilities. The case study therefore indicates that a central geographic position could reduce asymmetries of power and that relational power manifest a greater explanatory capacity than power-as-capabilities. This thesis contributes to knowledge adding empirical material on the diplomatic negotiation on the Xayaburi dam; on the Boten–Vientiane high-speed railway; on Laos’s international relations with Vietnam and China; and on China’s High-Speed Railway Diplomacy. The thesis contributes also to the theoretical literature by identifying a geographic gap in small states studies. Analytically, the thesis contributes developing the concept of MTIs and an original analytical framework to study relational power. Finally, methodologically the thesis provides new insights on how to gain access to elites in Laos.
48
White, Nicholas Ian. "Britain's relations with the United States over policy towards Laos and South Vietnam, 1961-63 : the not-so special relationship." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.434424.
Full text
49
Ehrhardt, Brooke. "Mary/merry and horse/hoarse: Mergers in Southern American English." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2004. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4523/.
Full textAbstract:
Phonetic mergers in American English have been studied throughout the last half century. Previous research has contributed social and phonetic explanations to the understanding of front and back vowel mergers before /l/, front vowel mergers before nasals and phonetically unconditioned back vowel mergers. Using data from the Linguistic Atlas of the Gulf States (LAGS) and the Linguistic Atlas of the Middle and South Atlantic States (LAMSAS), this thesis examines the spread of the front vowel mergers in Mary and merry and the back vowel mergers in horse and hoarse. The two complementary sources of data allow for a social and phonetic approach to the examination of the merger.
50
Cotovicz, Junior Luiz Carlos. "Aplicação de modelos (ASSETS e TRIX) para avaliação do estado trófico e cenário futuro da eutrofização do complexo estuarino - lagunar Mundaú - Manguaba, (AL)." Niterói, 2017. https://app.uff.br/riuff/handle/1/3912.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted by Biblioteca de Pós-Graduação em Geoquímica BGQ (bgq@ndc.uff.br) on 2017-06-28T15:37:27Z
No. of bitstreams: 1
Luiz Carlos Cotovicz Junior Dissertação de Mestrado.pdf: 2558658 bytes, checksum: 1d54796a7a49a989f920bff8f781050e (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-28T15:37:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
Luiz Carlos Cotovicz Junior Dissertação de Mestrado.pdf: 2558658 bytes, checksum: 1d54796a7a49a989f920bff8f781050e (MD5)<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico<br>Universidade Federal Fluminense. Instituto de Química. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geoquímica, Niterói, RJ<br>O Complexo Estuarino Lagunar de Mundaú
- Manguaba (CELMM), Alagoas, vem
sof
rendo grande pressão antrópica ao longo de suas margens e bacias de drenagens. Efluentes
agrícolas provenientes da atividade sucroalcooleira, e efluentes urbanos oriundos da densa
ocupação urbana são despejados para dentro das lagunas
, sem tratamento prévi
o,
desencadeando o processo da eutrofização
. A eutrofização cultural
é considerada um dos
maiores problemas ambientais a nível mundial. Ao longo das últimas 5 décadas, diversas
abordagens tem sido propostas para avaliar o estado trófico e os processos envo
lvendo a
eutrofização, destacando
-
se os modelos multiparamétricos ASSETS (
Assessment of Estuarine
Trophic Status
) e TRIX (
Trophic Index
). O modelo ASSETS consiste na combinação de
indicadores de pressão, estado e resposta (PER). O modelo TRIX avalia indica
dores de
pressão e distúrbio ambiental, estabelecendo um índice de estado trófico. A essência desse
projeto foi a definição do estado trófico e a avaliação do processo da eutrofização no CELMM
através da aplicação das metodologias ASSETS e TRIX, de modo a
promover classificações
do sistema baseadas em escalas
temporais e espaciais. Os estudos foram conduzido
s
em
três
etapas: 1) avaliação do comportamento dos principais parâmetros físico
-
químicos
relacionados com a problemática da eutrofização; 2) estabeleci
mento dos indicad
ores de PER
pela
metodologia ASSETS; 3) estabelecimento do estado trófico mediante aplicação do índice
TRIX. Os dados foram coletados em
7 campanhas amostrais,
entre 2006 e 2009, no âmbito do
Projeto POLCAMAR. O sistema apresentou caracter
ísticas sazonais distintas em relação aos
parâmetros físico
-
químicos, principalmente em relação a salinidade que teve menores valores
no período chuvoso, associados com
as maiores pluviosidades e
vazões dos rios. As
concentrações de clorofila
-
a
e turbidez
tiveram variações entre as coletas, com altos valores
em ambos os períodos dentro das lagunas sugerindo alta densidade fitoplanctônica. Os valores
de fósforo inorgânico dissolvido (PID) e nitrogênio inorgânico dissolvido (NID) foram
variados, sem caráter s
azonal definido, com concentrações nas lagunas uma ordem de
grandeza superiores a seus canais. O modelo ASSETS mostrou que o sistema é naturalmente
susceptível a eutrofização em função das
suas
características geomorfológicas e hidrológ
icas
(baixa renovaçã
o de água). Os aportes de nutrientes calculados para o CELMM foram altos,
associados aos múltiplos usos antropogênicos da
s
bacia
s de drenagem
. O estado trófico
ASSETS mostrou eutrofização
“
moderada
”
em Mundaú e
“
alta
” em Manguaba
. A expectativa
futura é um
a
“
melhora baixa
”
nas condições, em função de obras de gerenciamento ambiental
e investimentos em saneamento básico
previstos para a
região. A classificação ASSETS final
foi
“
pobre
”
para Mundaú e
“
ruim
”
para Manguaba. O índice de estado trófico TRIX calcul
ado
foi classificado como
“
moderado
”
(mesotrófico a eutrófico), indicando produção primá
ria
variando de moderada a alta, com os canais tendo águas menos tróficas que as lagunas.
Assim
como o estado trófico calculado pelo ASSETS, o TRIX não mostrou diferenç
as sazonais de
classificação
, sugerindo eutrofização constante ao longo dos períodos considerados. Os
modelos
mostraram
resultados
satisfatórios
através
dessas
novas
abordagens
multiparamétricas para o estabelecimento de índices de estado trófico e eutrofi
zação.
Entretanto são propostas melhorias para os modelos, como a definição de escalas regionais
para o índice TRIX e definições mais detalhadas no calculo dos indicadores de pressão e
resposta para o modelo ASSETS.
Algumas limitações foram identificadas,
principalmente
em relação à
disponibilidade de dados para aplicação dos modelos<br>The Tropical Coastal Lagoon
-
Estuarine Complex Mundaú
-
Manguaba (
CELMM),
Alagoas,
has been under
heavily
human pressure over its drainage basins. Agricultural
effluents from sugar
cane and ethanol activities
, and urban
effluents from the dense
occupation are dumped into the lagoons, untreated, triggering the process of eutrophication.
The cultural eutrophication is considered one of the major environmental problems
worldwide. Over the past five decades, several approaches have been proposed to assess the
trophic state and e
utrophication processes
,
particularly the
multiparameter ASSETS
(Assessment of Estuarine Trophic Status) and TRIX (Trophic Index)
models
. The
ASSETS
approach
consists of a combination of indicators of
pressure, state and response (PS
R). The
TRIX
index
evaluates indicators of environmental pressure and
f
actors that are
direct
expressions of productivity
, establishing a trophic state index. The essence of this project was
to define the trophic state and evaluate the process of eutrophication in CELMM through the
application of methodologies ASSETS
and
TRIX in order to
ran
k the
system based on
temporal and spatial scales. The studies were conducted in three stages: 1) evaluation of the
behavior of the main physico
-
chemical parameters related to the eutrophication
problem;
2)
establishment of
PS
R indicators
by the
ASSETS
met
hodology;
3) establishment of the trophic
state index by applying the TRIX. Data were collected from 7 sampling campaigns between
2006 and 2009, under the POLCAMAR Project. The system showed distinct seasonal
characteristics in relation to physicochemical
parameters, especially in relation to salinity
that
was lowest during the rainy season, associated with higher rainfall and river flows. Th
e
concentrations of chlorophyll
-
a
and turbidity were
variable
between
the samples, with high
values
in both periods
a
nd inside
the lagoons
,
suggesting high phyt
oplankton density. The
values
of dissolved inorganic phosphorus (PID) and dissolved inorganic nitrogen (NID) were
mixed,
with no seasonal character set. The
lagoons
exhibited
concentrations
one
order of
magnitude
higher than the
channel
s
. The ASSETS model showed that the system is naturally
susceptible to eutrophication according to their geomorphological and hydrological
characteristics (low water renewal).
The calculated n
utrient
inputs
were high
for
CELMM,
assoc
iated with the
multiple anthropogenic uses
in the
drainage basins. The ASSETS trophic
state showed eutrophication "moderate" in Mundaú and "high" in Manguaba. The future
outlook
is an "improved low"
in the
conditions,
due to the
environmental management wo
rks
and investments in basic sanitation
expected
to the region. The final
ASSETS
classification
was "poor" to Mundaú and "bad" for Manguaba. The TRIX
index
calculated
was
classified as
"moderate" (mesotrophic to eutrophic)
in both lagoons
, indicating prima
ry production ranging
from moderate to high,
whereas in the channels the classification were
good (mesotrophic).
The TRIX results indicating that
water channels
have better
trophic
state than
the lagoons. As
calculated by the
ASSETS
, the TRIX showed no sea
sonal differences in classification,
suggesting eutrophication constant over the periods considered. The models showed
satisfactory results with these new approaches
in the
establishment of multiparametric indices
of trophic state and
assessment of
eutroph
ication. However
,
improvements are proposed for
the models, such as setting regional scales for the TRIX index and
more
detailed definitions in
the calculation of pressure and re
sponse indicators for the
ASSETS
model
. Some limitations
were identified, main
ly related to the availability of data
set
for application of
the indices