Academic literature on the topic 'Laevius (01..?-01..? av. J.-C.)'

DEFICIÊNCIA HÍDRICA VIA BALANÇO HÍDRICO EM DIFERENTES ÉPOCAS DE CULTIVO DA SOJA NA REGIÃO DE UBERLÂNDIA-MG GABRIEL FERREIRA BARCELOS1; JÚLIO CÉSAR NEVES DOS SANTOS2; CLEENE AGOSTINHO DE LIMA3; HENRIQUE GUALBERTO VILELA PENHA2 E JACQUES CARVALHO RIBEIRO FILHO4 1 Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Avenida Pádua Dias, número 11, 13418-900 - Piracicaba – São Paulo, Brasil. gabriel.barcelos@usp.br. 2 Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do Triângulo Mineiro (IFTM), Campus Uberlândia, Faz. Sobradinho, S/N, CX POSTAL-592, 38400974 - Uberlândia, Minas Gerais – Brasil. juliosantos@iftm.edu.br; henriquegualberto@iftm.edu.br 3Centro Universitário do Triângulo (UNITRI), Avenida Nicomedes Alves dos Santos, S/N, Bairro Morada da Colina, 38411106 - Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brasil. cleenelima2@gmail.com 4 Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal Rural do Ceará (UFC), Av. Mister Hull s/n, Bairro Antônio Bezerra, 60455970 - Fortaleza, Ceará - Brasil. jacques.ribeiro021@gmail.com 1 RESUMO Para que uma cultura alcance a sua capacidade máxima produtiva é necessária disponibilidade hídrica na zona radicular. Assim, o déficit hídrico é um dos fatores que mais limita o potencial desenvolvimento de uma lavoura. Nesse contexto, objetivou-se com esse estudo determinar a melhor época de cultivo da soja na região de Uberlândia-MG, levando em consideração uma série histórica de 40 anos (1980 a 2020) dados climáticos, através da análise dos déficits hídricos via balanço hídrico sequencial diário. Para os 40 anos agrícolas estudados calculou-se os balanços hídricos sequenciais diários, levando em consideração quatro diferentes datas de cultivo: 01 de novembro, 15 de novembro, 01 de dezembro e 15 de dezembro. Para cada data de cultivo analisaram-se os déficits hídricos ao longo de todo o ciclo da cultura, e em subperíodos fenológicos (S-V1/V2; V2-R1; R1-R5/R7; R7-R8). Para todas as datas de semeadura observaram-se deficiência hídrica em quase todos os subperíodos fenológicos da soja. Para a região de Uberlândia-MG as datas de plantio entre os dias 15 de novembro a 01 de dezembro apresentaram os menores déficits hídricos nas duas fases/subperíodos iniciais. Keywords: balanço hídrico, evapotranspiração, demanda hídrica. BARCELOS, G. F.; SANTOS, J. C.; DE LIMA, C. A.; PENHA, H. G. V.; RIBEIRO FILHO, J. C. WATER DEFICIENCY VIA WATER BALANCE IN DIFFERENT SOYBEAN GROWING TIMES IN THE UBERLÂNDIA-MG REGION 2 ABSTRACT For a crop to reach its maximum productive capacity, water availability in the root zone is necessary. Thus, water deficit is a factor that most limits the potential development of a crop. In this context, this study aimed to determine the best time for soybean cultivation in the region of Uberlândia-MG, considering a historical series of 40 years (1980 to 2020) climatic data, through the analysis of water deficits via water balance daily sequential. For the 40 agricultural years studied, the daily sequential water balances were calculated, considering four different cropping dates: November 1st, November 15th, December 1st, and December 15th. For each cultivation date, water deficits were analyzed throughout the crop cycle, and in phenological sub-periods (S-V1/V2; V2-R1; R1-R5/R7; R7-R8). For all sowing dates, water deficit was observed in almost all soybean phenological sub-periods. For the region of Uberlândia-MG, the planting dates between November 15th and December 1st showed the lowest water deficits in the two initial phases/sub-periods. Keywords: water balance, evapotranspiration, water demand.

ESTIMATIVA DE PARÂMETROS BIOFÍSICOS E EVAPOTRANSPIRAÇÃO REAL NO SEMIÁRIDO PERNAMBUCANO UTILIZANDO SENSORIAMENTO REMOTO FREDERICO ABRAÃO COSTA LINS1; DIEGO CEZAR DOS SANTOS ARAÚJO2; JHON LENNON BEZERRA DA SILVA2; PABRÍCIO MARCOS OLIVEIRA LOPES3; JOSÉ DIORGENES ALVES OLIVEIRA2 E ANDREY THYAGO CARDOSO SANTOS GOMES DA SILVA1 1 Mestrandos em Engenharia Agrícola – Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE). Av. D. Manoel de Medeiros, SN; Dois Irmãos, Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil; CEP: 52171-900. E-mail: frederico_acl@hotmail.com (Autor para correspondência); andreythyago@gmail.com; 2 Mestres em Engenharia Agrícola e Doutorandos – Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola da UFRPE. E-mail: diego@agro.eng.br; jhonlennoigt@hotmail.com; josediorgenes@gmail.com; 3 Doutor em Sensoriamento Remoto; Professor adjunto da Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil. E-mail: pabriciope@gmail.com. 1 RESUMO Objetivou-se estimar e avaliar a distribuição espaço-temporal de parâmetros biofísicos e a evapotranspiração real diária para o município de Arcoverde, Pernambuco, durante estações seca e chuvosa, utilizando imagens orbitais do satélite Landsat-8 de sensores OLI/TIRS, para as datas de passagem: 14/01/2015 e 02/12/2016, processadas com o algoritmo SEBAL. Foram gerados os seguintes mapas temáticos: Índice de Vegetação da Diferença Normalizada (NDVI), Índice de Área Foliar (IAF), albedo e temperatura de superfície (Ts), saldo de radiação instantâneo (Rn) e evapotranspiração real diária (ETr). O NDVI foi maior em janeiro de 2015 e o albedo e Ts foram maiores em 2016 (0,23 e 37,44 °C), ao passo que em 2015, os valores foram de 0,20 e 34,11 °C, relacionando-se às condições meteorológicas e uso do solo. O Rn variou de 520,06 a 540,22 W m-2 nos dois anos e, para a ETr, verificou-se a maior média em janeiro de 2015 (3,41 mm dia-1), devido ao maior NDVI e precipitações, evidenciando maior disponibilidade de água na vegetação e no solo. As técnicas de sensoriamento remoto possibilitaram o monitoramento do município de Arcoverde-PE, determinando os parâmetros biofísicos nos diferentes usos do solo, predizendo os processos futuros de degradação e consequente desertificação na localidade. Palavras-chave: caatinga, vegetação, monitoramento ambiental, uso do solo, agrometeorologia. LINS, F. A. C.; ARAÚJO, D. C. dos S.; SILVA, J. L. B. da; LOPES, P. M. O.; OLIVEIRA, J. D. A.; SILVA, A. T. C. S. G. daBIOPHYSICAL PARAMETERS ESTIMATE AND ACTUAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATION IN THE SEMIARID REGION OF THE STATE OF PERNAMBUCO, BRAZIL, USING REMOTE SENSING 2 ABSTRACT The purpose of this paper is to estimate and evaluate the spatial-temporal distribution of biophysical parameters and the actual daily evapotranspiration index for the municipality of Arcoverde, Pernambuco, during the dry and rainy season, using orbital images from the Landsat-8 satellite and OLI/TIRS sensors for the following dates in which the satellite passed over the region: 01/14/2015 and 02/12/2016, processed using the SEBAL algorithm. The following thematic maps were generated: Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Leaf Area Index (LAI), albedo and surface temperature (Ts), Net radiation (Rn) and daily reference evapotranspiration (ETr). The NDVI was higher on January 2015 and the albedo and Ts were higher in 2016 (0.23 and 37.44 °C), whereas in 2015, the values were 0.20 and 34.11 °C, related to the meteorological conditions and the land use. The Rn ranged from 520.06 to 540.22 W m-² in two years of study and, for the ETr, the highest average was recorded on January 2015 (3.41 mm day-1), due to the higher NDVI and rainfall index, evidencing greater availability of water in the vegetation and soil. The remote sensing techniques allowed the monitoring of the municipality of Arcoverde, determining the biophysical parameters in the different uses of soil, anticipating the future degradation processes and consequent desertification in the place. Keywords: caatinga, vegetation, environmental monitoring, use of the soil, agrometeorology.

MÉTODOS DE APLICAÇÃO E DOSES DE NITROGÊNIO PARA A CULTURA DO GIRASSOL DENISE VIEIRA VASCONCELOS1; BENITO MOREIRA DE AZEVEDO2; CARLOS NEWDMAR VIEIRA FERNANDES3; OLIENAIDE RIBEIRO DE OLIVEIRA PINTO4; THALES VINÍCIUS DE ARAÚJO VIANA2 E JOSÉ BRUNO RÊGO DE MESQUITA1 [1]Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Agrícola, CCA/UFC, Av. Mister Hull, s/n, Bloco 804. Caixa Postal 12.168, Fortaleza-CE, Brasil, 60.455 970, denisevasconcelos@hotmail.com, agronobruno@gmail.com2Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, CCA/UFC, Av. Mister Hull, s/n, Bloco 804. Caixa Postal 12.168, Fortaleza-CE, Brasil, 60.455 970, benitoazevedo@hotmail.com, thales@ufc.br3Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do Ceará (IFCE), Campus Iguatu, Rodovia CE-060, Cajazeiras 63503-790 – Iguatu, CE, Brasil. newdmar@gmail.com4Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia/Fitotecnia, CCA/UFC, Av. Mister Hull, s/n, Bloco 805. Caixa Postal 12.168, Fortaleza-CE, Brasil, 60.455 970, naideolivi@gmail.com 1 RESUMO Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos de formas de aplicação e doses de nitrogênio sobre as propriedades produtivas de plantas de girassol, variedade Catissol 01. O experimento foi conduzido na área experimental da Universidade Federal do Ceará, localizada no Campus do Pici, no município de Fortaleza, no período de março a julho de 2008. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos ao acaso com oito tratamentos em arranjo fatorial 2 x 4, e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por duas formas de aplicação (convencional e fertirrigada) associadas a quatro doses de nitrogênio (0; 30; 60; 120 kg ha-1). Na fertirrigação as dosagens de nitrogênio foram parceladas em oito aplicações, sendo a primeira na semeadura e as demais aplicadas semanalmente, na adubação convencional as dosagens foram parceladas em duas aplicações, sendo 1/3 da dose no plantio e os outros 2/3 aos 30 dias após a germinação. Foram analisadas as seguintes variáveis: produtividade, diâmetro do capítulo, peso do capítulo e peso de 100 aquênios. Os resultados mostraram que não houve diferença entre os métodos de aplicação do nitrogênio, havendo efeito somente das doses avaliadas. A máxima produtividade (3.334,05 kg ha-1) foi obtida com a dose ótima estimada em 86,77 kg N ha-1.Palavras-chave: Helianthus annuus L. Catissol. Fertirrigação. VASCONCELOS, D. V.; AZEVEDO, B. M. DE; FERNANDES, C. N. V.; PINTO, O. R. DE O.; VIANA, T. V. DE A.; MESQUITA, J. B. R. DE APPLICATION METHODS AND DOSES OF NITROGEN FOR SUNFLOWER CULTIVATION 2 ABSTRACT This study was aimed at evaluating the effects of Nitrogen application methods and doses of Nitrogen on the properties of sunflower plants. The experiment was conducted at the experimental area of Ceará Federal University, in the Campus do Pici, Fortaleza city, from March to July 2008. The experimental design was randomized blocks with eight treatments, in a 2 x 4 factorial arrangement and four replicates. Treatments consisted of two application methods (conventional and fertigation) and four doses of Nitrogen (0; 30; 60; 120 kg ha-1). For fertigation, doses of Nitrogen were divided into eight applications, the first one at sowing and the other ones were applied weekly. For conventional fertilization, the doses of total Nitrogen were divided into two applications, 1/3 dose applied at planting and 2/3 dose applied at 30 days after germination. The following parameters were analyzed: yield, diameter of the flower head, weight of the flower head and weight of 100 achenes. The results showed no differences between Nitrogen application methods, but with effect of applied Nitrogen doses. The highest yield (3,334.05 kg ha-1) was obtained using the optimal dose estimated as 86.77 kg N ha-1. Keywords: Helianthus annuus L., Catissol, fertigation.

CRESCIMENTO E DESENVOLVIMENTO DE CULTIVARES DE FEIJÃO-CAUPI EM FUNÇÃO DA SALINIDADE DA ÁGUA DE IRRIGAÇÃO JOSÉ VALDENOR DA SILVA JÚNIOR¹; ANTÔNIO AÉCIO DE CARVALHO BEZERRA² E EVERALDO MOREIRA DA SILVA³ ¹ Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia – Produção Vegetal, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Campus Pretrônio Portella, s/n, Bairro Ininga, CEP: 64049-550, Teresina, Piauí, Brasil, e-mail: valdenor.jr@ufpi.edu.br ² Departamento de Planejamento e Política Agrícola, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Campus Pretrônio Portella, s/n, Bairro Ininga, CEP: 64049-550, Teresina, Piauí, Brasil, e-mail: aecio@ufpi.edu.br ³ Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Campus Professora Cinobelina Elvas, Av. Monoel Gracindo, Km 01, Bairro Planalto Horizonte, CEP 64.900-000, Bom Jesus, Piauí, Brasil, e-mail:everaldo@ufpi.edu.br 1 RESUMO A salinidade do solo e da água constituem uma das principais restrições abióticas na produção de alimentos. O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido na Universidade Federal do Piauí, em Alvorada do Gurguéia, PI, com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da salinidade da água de irrigação na morfofisiologia de cultivares de feijão-caupi. Foram estudados cinco níveis de salinidade da água de irrigação (0,01, 1,41, 2,81, 4,21 e 5,61 dS m-1); três cultivares: BRS Tumucumaque, BRS Guariba e BRS Imponente em dois períodos de cultivo. Utilizou-se o delineamento em blocos completos casualizados no esquema de parcelas subsubdivididas, com quatro repetições. Foram avaliados massa seca da parte aérea (MSPA), área foliar (AF), índice de área foliar (IAF), taxa de crescimento da cultura (TCC), taxa de crescimento relativo (TCR) e taxa de assimilação liquida (TAL). Houve efeito significativo da interação entre os fatores em todas as variáveis analisadas. MSPA, AF e IAF aos 25 DAS (dias após a semeadura), apresentaram reduções lineares aos aumentos da salinidade. BRS Tumucumaque apresentou maior tolerância aos efeitos da salinidade na fase final de crescimento, com os maiores índices de salinidade limiar para TAL, TCR e TCC. Enquanto a BRS Guariba foi mais tolerante na fase inicial de crescimento. Palavras-chave: Vigna unguiculata, estresse salino, morfologia. SILVA JÚNIOR, J. V. S.; BEZERRA, A. A. C.; SILVA, E. M. GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT IN COWPEA CULTIVARS IN FUNCTION OF IRRIGATION WATER SALINITY 2 ABSTRACT The salinity of soil and water is one of the main abiotic restrictions in food production. This present study was developed at the Federal University of Piauí, in Alvorada do Gurguéia, PI, Brazil, with the objective to evaluate the effect of irrigation water salinity on the morphophysiology of cowpea cultivars. Five salinity levels of the irrigation water were studied (0.01, 1.41, 2.81, 4.21, and 5.61 dS m-1); three cultivars: BRS Tumucumaque, BRS Guariba and BRS Imponente in two cultivation periods. A randomized complete block design was used in the split-split plot arrangement, with four replications. Dry mass aerial part (MSPA), leaf area (AF), leaf area index (IAF), crop growth rate (TCC), relative growth rate (TCR) and liquid assimilation rate (TAL) were evaluated. There was a significant effect of the interaction between factors in all variables analyzed. MSPA, AF and IAF at 25 DAS (days after sowing), showed linear reductions to increases in salinity. BRS Tumucumaque showed greater tolerance to the salinity effects in the final growth phase, with the highest threshold salinity indexes for TAL, TCR and TCC. While the BRS Guariba was more tolerant in the initial growth phase. Keywords: Vigna unguiculata, saline stress, morphology.

CRESCIMENTO E DESENVOLVIMENTO DE CULTIVARES DE FEIJÃO-CAUPI EM FUNÇÃO DA SALINIDADE DA ÁGUA DE IRRIGAÇÃO JOSÉ VALDENOR DA SILVA JÚNIOR¹; ANTÔNIO AÉCIO DE CARVALHO BEZERRA² E EVERALDO MOREIRA DA SILVA³ ¹ Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia – Produção Vegetal, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Campus Pretrônio Portella, s/n, Bairro Ininga, CEP: 64049-550, Teresina, Piauí, Brasil, e-mail: valdenor.jr@ufpi.edu.br ² Departamento de Planejamento e Política Agrícola, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Campus Pretrônio Portella, s/n, Bairro Ininga, CEP: 64049-550, Teresina, Piauí, Brasil, e-mail: aecio@ufpi.edu.br ³ Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Campus Professora Cinobelina Elvas, Av. Monoel Gracindo, Km 01, Bairro Planalto Horizonte, CEP 64.900-000, Bom Jesus, Piauí, Brasil, e-mail:everaldo@ufpi.edu.br 1 RESUMO A salinidade do solo e da água constituem uma das principais restrições abióticas na produção de alimentos. O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido na Universidade Federal do Piauí, em Alvorada do Gurguéia, PI, com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da salinidade da água de irrigação na morfofisiologia de cultivares de feijão-caupi. Foram estudados cinco níveis de salinidade da água de irrigação (0,01, 1,41, 2,81, 4,21 e 5,61 dS m-1); três cultivares: BRS Tumucumaque, BRS Guariba e BRS Imponente em dois períodos de cultivo. Utilizou-se o delineamento em blocos completos casualizados no esquema de parcelas subsubdivididas, com quatro repetições. Foram avaliados massa seca da parte aérea (MSPA), área foliar (AF), índice de área foliar (IAF), taxa de crescimento da cultura (TCC), taxa de crescimento relativo (TCR) e taxa de assimilação liquida (TAL). Houve efeito significativo da interação entre os fatores em todas as variáveis analisadas. MSPA, AF e IAF aos 25 DAS (dias após a semeadura), apresentaram reduções lineares aos aumentos da salinidade. BRS Tumucumaque apresentou maior tolerância aos efeitos da salinidade na fase final de crescimento, com os maiores índices de salinidade limiar para TAL, TCR e TCC. Enquanto a BRS Guariba foi mais tolerante na fase inicial de crescimento. Palavras-chave: Vigna unguiculata, estresse salino, morfologia. SILVA JÚNIOR, J. V. S.; BEZERRA, A. A. C.; SILVA, E. M. GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT IN COWPEA CULTIVARS IN FUNCTION OF IRRIGATION WATER SALINITY 2 ABSTRACT The salinity of soil and water is one of the main abiotic restrictions in food production. This present study was developed at the Federal University of Piauí, in Alvorada do Gurguéia, PI, Brazil, with the objective to evaluate the effect of irrigation water salinity on the morphophysiology of cowpea cultivars. Five salinity levels of the irrigation water were studied (0.01, 1.41, 2.81, 4.21, and 5.61 dS m-1); three cultivars: BRS Tumucumaque, BRS Guariba and BRS Imponente in two cultivation periods. A randomized complete block design was used in the split-split plot arrangement, with four replications. Dry mass aerial part (MSPA), leaf area (AF), leaf area index (IAF), crop growth rate (TCC), relative growth rate (TCR) and liquid assimilation rate (TAL) were evaluated. There was a significant effect of the interaction between factors in all variables analyzed. MSPA, AF and IAF at 25 DAS (days after sowing), showed linear reductions to increases in salinity. BRS Tumucumaque showed greater tolerance to the salinity effects in the final growth phase, with the highest threshold salinity indexes for TAL, TCR and TCC. While the BRS Guariba was more tolerant in the initial growth phase. Keywords: Vigna unguiculata, saline stress, morphology.

O artigo trata da utilização de brinquedos e brincadeiras como recurso de aprendizagem no Ensino Superior. A pesquisa partiu de oficinas realizadas há sete anos, na disciplina "Elementos de Realidade Regional e Brasileira Contemporânea", do Curso de Comunicação Social da Universidade Católica de Brasília. Verificaram-se influências no cotidiano e exercício profissional de sete ex-alunos que haviam participado das oficinas.Palavras-chave: Brincar; educação; exercício profissional. ABSTRACTThe article discusses the use of toys and playing activities as learning resources in high school. The research was based on workshops given seven years ago within the class "Elements of contemporary regional and Brazilian Reality" in the course of Social Communication of the University Católica de Brasília. We noticed influences in the everyday practices and professional exercising of seven former graduates who had taken part in the workshops.Keywords: Playing; education; professional exercising. RESÚMENEl artículo trata del uso de juguetes y juegos como recurso de aprendizaje en la enseñanza superior. La pesquisa partio de talleres realizados hace siete años, en la materia "Elementos de la Realidad Regional y Brasileña Contemporanea, del curso de Comunicación Social de la Universidad Catolica de Brasilia. Uno de los objetivos es verificar se ha habido influencias en el cotidiano y en el ejercicio profesional de siete ex alumnos que habían participado de los talleres.Palabras-clave: Jugar; educación; ejercicio profesional. Referências a) Bibliográficas (livros, artigos, publicações eletrônicas)ADORO CINEMA (sobre filme Tarja Branca). Disponível em http://www.adorocinema.com/filmes/filme-229187/trailer-19538718/. Acesso em 02.08.2015.ALCOFORADO, Luis Carlos. Educação brasileira: velhos vícios. Correio Braziliense, Brasília, 02.02.2015. p.11.ARENHART, Deise. Contribuições de Florestan Fernandes ao estudo das culturas infantis. Disponível em http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/16553/16553.PDFXXvmi=. Acesso em 02.08.2015.AZEVEDO, Gislane. O professor e a educação do século 21. Correio Braziliense, Brasília, 15.10.2014. p.21.BAER, ULRICH (org.). Cartas do poeta sobre a vida: a sabedoria de Rilke. São Paulo: Martins Fontes, 2005.BAKHTIN, Mikail. A cultura popular na Idade Média e no Renascimento: o contexto de François Rabelais. 5.ed., 1a reimpressão. São Paulo: Hucitec, 2002.BALLONE, GJ. Síndrome de Burnout. In PsiqWeb. Disponível em http://www.psiqweb.med.br/site/?area=NO/LerNoticia&idNoticia=70. Acesso em 02.08.2015.BENJAMIN, Walter. Brinquedo e brincadeira. In: Obras Escolhidas. Magia e Técnica, Arte e Política. Vol. 1. São Paulo: Brasiliense, 1994.­­­­­­______. Reflexões sobre a criança, o brinquedo e a educação. São Paulo: Editora 34, 2009.CARA, Daniel. PNE completa um ano, mas precisa sair do papel. Blog do Daniel Cara. Publicado em 26.06.2015. Disponível em http://danielcara.blogosfera.uol.com.br/2015/06/24/pne-completa-um-ano-mas-precisa-sair-do-papel/. Acesso em 02.ago.2015.CINECLICK (sobre filme Tarja Branca). Disponível em http://www.cineclick.com.br/tarja-branca-a-revolucao-que-faltava. Acesso em 02.08.2015.COMISSÃO DE PROFESSORES. Carta aberta ao Ministro Cid Gomes. Correio Braziliense, Brasília, 10.02.2015. p.3.CORTELLA, Mário Sérgio. Os alunos não são mais os mesmos. In Novos Paradigmas da Educação (vídeo). São Paulo: Atta Mídia e Educação, 2003.D´ÁVILA, Cristina e VEIGA, Ilma Passos Alencastro (orgs.). Didática e docência na educação superior: implicações para a formação de professores. Campinas, SP: Papirus, 2012.DUARTE, Mauricio. O básico do básico. Disponível em http://www.revistadacultura.com.br/revistadacultura/detalhe/14-09-04/A_base_do_b%C3%A1sico.aspx. Acesso em 02.08.2015.DUARTE JUNIOR, João-Francisco. O que é realidade. 10.ed., 5.reimpr. São Paulo: Brasiliense, 2004. (1ª edição: 1984).______. O sentido dos sentidos: a educação (do) sensível. Disponível em http://www.bibliotecadigital.unicamp.br/document/?code=vtls000211363. Acesso em 02.08.2015.ECO, Umberto. O nome da rosa. Rio de Janeiro: Record, 2009.FERNANDES, Florestan. As Trocinhas do Bom Retiro: contribuição ao estudo folclórico e sociológico dos grupos infantis. In: ______. Folclore e mudança social na cidade de São Paulo. 2.ed. Petrópolis/RJ: Vozes, 1979.FREIRE, Paulo. Ação Cultural para a Liberdade e Outros Escritos. São Paulo: Paz e Terra, 2011.______. Pedagogia da Autonomia - saberes necessários à prática educativa. São Paulo: Paz e Terra, 1996.FREITAS, Fidalgo de. O esgotamento (burnout) nos professores. Millenium on line n0 15. Jul. 1999. Disponível em http://www.ipv.pt/millenium/15_spec1.htm. Acesso em 02.08.2015.GOMES, Patrícia. Professor precisa abrir a cabeça, diz José Pacheco. Disponível em http://porvir.org/porpessoas/para-inovar-e-preciso-professor-abra-cabeca-diz-jose-pacheco/20120522. Acesso em 02.08.2015.GUIMARÃES, Renato S.. Como as escolas transformam crianças em adultos medíocres - uma reflexão acerca do sistema educacional que desperdiça talentos e faz do estudo um desprazer. Disponível em https://medium.com/brasil/como-as-escolas-transformam-criancas-em-adultos-mediocres-d405498a8309. Acesso em 02.08.2015.LIBÂNEO, José Carlos. Adeus professor, adeus professora? novas exigências educacionais e profissão docente. São Paulo: Cortez, 1998.NEVES, J. Re: sobre o brincar. [mensagem pessoal]. Mensagem recebida por ivacomunica@gmail.com em 14 fev. 2015.PROJETO PEDAGÓGICO DO CURSO DE COMUNICAÇÃO SOCIAL DA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DE BRASÍLIA. Águas Claras, DF: mimeo., novembro de 2008.RABÊLLO, R.S. Reflexões sobre arte e ludicidade na formação e atuação docentes. In: D´ÁVILA, C. e VEIGA, I.P.A. Didática e docência na educação superior. Campinas, SP: Papirus, 2012.RÊSES, Erlando da Silva. De vocação para profissão. Sindicalismo docente da educação básica no Brasil. Brasília: Paralelo 15, 2015.SANTOS, Andrey G.. Educação: ensino precisa passar por renovação urgente! Disponível em http://www.profissionaisti.com.br/2015/01/educacao-ensino-precisa-passar-por-renovacao-urgente/ (06.01.2015). Acesso em 02.08.2015.SAVIANI, Dermeval. Florestan Fernandes e a educação. Estud. av., São Paulo, v. 10, n. 26, Abr. 1996. Disponível em http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-40141996000100013. Acesso em 02.08.2015.SILVA, Maria Alice Setúbal (org.). Memórias de brincadeiras na cidade de São Paulo nas primeiras décadas do século XX. São Paulo: Cortez/CENPEC, 1989.SOARES, Vilhena. Curiosidade é o motor da aprendizagem. Correio Braziliense, Brasília, 25.01.2015. p.18.SUERTEGARAY, Paloma. A mágica missão de ensinar as crianças. Correio Braziliense, Brasília, 03.02.2015. p.26.STEFANEL, Xandra. Filme 'Tarja Branca' propõe revolução pela brincadeira. Disponível em http://www.redebrasilatual.com.br/entretenimento/2014/06/tarja-branca-propoe-uma-revolucao-pela-brincadeira-9425.html. Acesso em 02.08.2015.TAVARES, Bráulio. Crônicas. In Jornal da Paraíba. Disponível em http://www.jornaldaparaiba.com.br/coluna/brauliotavares. Acesso em 02.08.2015.TRINDADE, Naira. Atraso generalizado. Correio Braziliense, Brasília, 09.12.2014. p.7.VYGOTSKY, Lev S. A formação social da mente. 6.ed. São Paulo: Martins Fontes, 1998. b) FilmográficasO PERIGO DA HISTÓRIA ÚNICA. Chimamanda Adichie. TedGlobal, 2009. Disponível em http://www.ted.com/talks/lang/pt/chimamanda_adichie_the_danger_of_a_single_story.htm. Acesso em 02.08.2015. TARJA BRANCA - a revolução que faltava. Filme. Diretor Cacau Rhoden. São Paulo: Maria Farinha Filmes, 2014. Disponível em:Url: http://opendepot.org/2716/PID: http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-458115 Abrir em (para melhor visualização em dispositivos móveis - Formato Flipbooks):Issuu / Calameo

Os retalhos microcirúrgicos e reimplantes necessitam de cuidados específicos que devem ser realizados pelo cirurgião desde o momento da sua indicação, até os dias subsequentes à cirurgia. O trabalho em questão abordou à validação do protocolo utilizado pela equipe de um hospital terciário, desde o ano 2016. Os parâmetros clínicos (temperatura, cor, turgor, tempo de enchimento capilar e sangramento à perfuração) geraram um Escore que pode ser capaz de guiar a decisão do profissional, quanto à necessidade de uma reabordagem cirúrgica no período pós-operatório. Foram revisadas 55 tabelas de escores pós-cirúrgicos e correlacionados o escore obtido pelo paciente e o prognóstico da cirurgia, com o objetivo de definir valores de corte estatisticamente significativos para predição do sucesso da mesma, visando compreender à validade do protocolo em guiar a tomada de condutas. Foram determinados os valores de escores de 1 a 8 que definiram o grupo sem necessidade da intervenção cirúrgica; e aqueles superiores a 8 definiram o paciente com um risco de falha da cirurgia e necessidade da intervenção cirúrgica. Por não necessitar de procedimentos invasivos e exames de alta complexidade, o protocolo proposto torna-se uma eficiente ferramenta no diagnóstico precoce de um possível sofrimento vascular do procedimento microcirúrgico.Descritores: Retalhos Cirúrgicos; Reimplante; Microcirurgia; Protocolo Clínico; Cuidados Pós-Operatórios; Exames Médicos.ReferênciasRoehl KR, Mahabir RC. A practical guide to free tissue transfer. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2013;132(1):147-58.Bui DT, Cordeiro PG, Hu QY, Disa JJ, Pusic A, Mehrara BJ. Free flap reexploration: indications, treatment, and outcomes in 1193 free flaps. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2007;119(7):2092-100.Saint-Cyr M, Wong C, Buchel EW. Free tissue transfers and replantation. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2012;130(6):858-78.Salgado CJ, Moran SL, Mardini S. Flap monitoring and patient management. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2009;124(6 Suppl):295-302.Cervenka B, Bewley AF. Free flap monitoring: a review of the recent literature. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2015;23(5):393-98.Korompilias AV, Lykissas MG, Vekris MD, Beris AE, Soucacos PN. Microsurgery for lower extremity injuries. Injury. 2008;39(Suppl):S103-8.R Core Team. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria, 2017. Disponível em: https://www.R-project.org/. Acesso em: 01 jan 2019.Bigdeli AK, Gazyakan E, Schmidt VJ. Long-term outcome after successful lower extremity free flap salvage. J Reconstr Microsurg. 2018;1:1-82.Chae MP, Rozen WM, Whitaker IS. Current evidence for postoperative monitoring of microvascular free flaps: a systematic review. Ann Plast Surg. 2015;74(5):621-32.Hidalgo DA, Jones CS. The role of emergent exploration in free-tissue transfer: a review of 150 consecutive cases. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1990;86(3):499-501.Giunta R, Geisweid A, Feller AM. Clinical classification of free-flap perfusion complications. J Reconstr Microsurg. 2001;17(5):341-45.

Сплавы на основе олова и сурьмы, в том числе SnSb и некоторые другие соединения типа AIVBV, применяются для изготовления анодов Li+- и Na+-ионных батарей. Использование ногокомпонентных твердых растворов позволяет варьировать свойства материала и улучшать технические характеристики анодов. В литературе очень мало информации о твердофазной растворимости в системе Sn–As–Sb, фазовая диаграмма этой системы не изучена.Цель работы заключалась в исследовании политермических сечений SnAs–Sb и SnAs–SnSb с помощью методов рентгенофазового анализа (РФА) и дифференциального термического анализа (ДТА) и построении схемы фазовых равновесий в системе Sn–As–Sb в области концентраций олова менее 50 мол.%. Сплавы политермических разрезов SnAs–Sb и SnAs–SnSb получали из предварительно синтезированных бинарных соединений, подвергали гомогенизирующему отжигу и исследовали с помощью методов дифференциального термического анализа (ДТА) и рентгенофазового анализа (РФА) порошкообразных образцов. Результаты РФА показали, что все исследованные сплавы представляют собой гетерофазную смесь твердых растворов (SnAs), (SnSb) и a¢, где a¢ – твердый раствор олова в фазе As1–xSbx. Протяженность твердых растворов на основе бинарных соединений при комнатной температуре менее 10 мол.%. Для нескольких сплавов двух разрезов методомДТА установлена одинаковая температура начала первого эндотермического эффекта (393±2 oС), которая отвечает протеканию перитектического процесса с участием указанных выше фаз: L+ a¢ ↔ (SnAs) + (SnSb). Методом ДТА с учетом данных РФА построены Т–х диаграммы политермических разрезов SnAs–Sb и SnAs–SnSb. Установлены координаты нонвариантного перитектического равновесия L+ a¢ ↔ (SnAs) + (SnSb); предложена схема фазовых равновесий в системе Sn–As–Sb в области концентраций олова менее 50 мол.%. Для построения полной схемы фазовых равновесий в тройной системе необходимо дальнейшее исследование разрезов SnAs–Sn4Sb3 и Sn4As3–Sn4Sb3 ЛИТЕРАТУРА Hu Y., Lu Y. 2019 Nobel Pprize for the Li-ion batteries and new opportunities and challenges in Na-ion batteries. ACS Energy Letters. 2019;4(11): 2689–2690. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.9b02190 Song K., Liu C., Mi L., Chou S., Chen W., Shen C. Recent progress on the alloy-based anode for sodiumion batteries and potassium-ion batteries. Small. 2019;334: 1903194. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201903194 Kulova T. L., Skundin A. M.. From lithium-ion to sodium-ion battery. Russian Chemical Bulletin. 2017;66(8): 1329–1335. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.20190319410.1007/s11172-017-1896-3 Jing W. T., Yang C. C., Jiang Q. Recent progress on metallic Sn- and Sb-based anodes for sodium-ion batteries. Journal of Materials Chemistry A. 2020; Advance Article. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/C9TA11782B Kamali A. R., Fray D. J. 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Cette étude vise à reconstituer les origines d'une tendance de la littérature latine que l'on qualifie souvent d'« expressionnisme » et à analyser les œuvres fragmentaires de deux poètes peu connus, Laevius et Cn. Matius, dont nous sont parvenus une cinquantaine d'extraits environ. Le poète Laevius est présenté par les sources comme l'auteur des Erotopaegnia, un recueil lyrique de poèmes d'amour en mètres divers. Le terme paegnia fait penser aux Παίγνια que Philétas de Cos avait composés au IIIe s. av. J.-C. Quant à Matius, il traduit en latin l'Iliade d'Homère et écrit des mimiambes, à l'instar du poète alexandrin Hérondas. Nos connaissances sur la poésie de la fin du IIe et du début du Ier siècle av. J.-C., qui a précédé l'avènement des néotériques, sont rudimentaires, notamment en raison de la perte presque totale des textes de cette époque. Ce qui nous reste se limite à de courts fragments isolés de leur contexte et conservés dans les œuvres des érudits, des lexicographes, des commentateurs et des grammairiens de l'époque impériale. La présente étude propose une nouvelle édition et une traduction française des fragments de Laevius et de Cn. Matius, accompagnées d'une analyse métrique et d'un commentaire linguistique et interprétatif de leurs recueils. Une attention particulière est portée au style et à la langue de ces extraits, dans le but de démontrer que la poésie de Laevius et de Matius reflète un moment transitoire et expérimental dans la littérature latine. Ces auteurs partagent un intérêt pour les formes expressives, telles que les archaïsmes, les néologismes, les hapax legomena et les composés originaux, faisant de la langue un outil au service de l'expressivité. Laevius et Matius tiennent une place originale dans l'histoire de la littérature latine : ils développent des thèmes célèbres mais les présentent selon des perspectives nouvelles, anti traditionnelles et antihéroïques, comme dans la poésie alexandrine ; ils introduisent des éléments lyriques et sentimentaux et annoncent les poètes néotériques comme Catulle, sans pour autant s'identifier à ceux-ci. La dernière partie de cette étude explore les modalités de transmission et de circulation des fragments de Laevius et de Matius, en analysant les contextes dans lesquels leurs vers ont été cités. Cette enquête constitue un facteur fondamental dans la reconstitution des œuvres de ces poètes, car elle contribue tant à la solution de problèmes éditoriaux délicats qu'à la restitution de l'histoire et de la postérité de ces textes à l'époque impériale
This study aims to reconstruct the origins of a trend in Latin literature usually called “expressionism”, engaging in the analysis of the works of Laevius and Matius, two minor poets of the late Republic, whose works have survived only in fragmentary form. The ancient sources identify Laevius as the author of the Erotopaegnia, a collection of lyric love poems composed in various metres. The term paegnia, featuring in the title, most probably evokes the Παίγνια of Philitas of Cos, a collection of short light poems dating back to the early 3rd century BCE. Matius, on the other hand, is considered among the first Latin poets to translate the Iliad in hexameters, whereas he has also composed mimiambs in the manner of the Alexandrian poet Herodas. More generally, our knowledge of Latin poetry from the late second and the early first centuries BCE remains limited, primarily due to the almost entire loss of the poetic texts written in this period. Indeed, the only literary evidence comes from small poetic fragments preserved by imperial scholars, mainly by critics, lexicographers, commentators and grammarians. This study proposes a new edition and a French translation of the surviving fragments of Laevius and Cn. Matius, along with a metrical, linguistic, and interpretative commentary. Special attention is given to the stylistic features of their poetry, to demonstrate that their verses reflect a moment of transition and deliberate experimentalism in Latin literature. Both Laevius and Matius exhibit a common interest in peculiar linguistic forms, such as archaisms, neologisms, hapax legomena and original compounds, which they combine in the most expressive and surprising way. While they draw inspiration from well-known mythological themes, they reinterpret these narratives from a different perspective, focusing, as the Alexandrian poets before them, on the un-heroic and unconventional aspects of these stories. Moreover, Laevius and Matius are among the first Latin poets who explored lyric and emotional themes. Although they foreshadow the poetry of Catullus and the other neoterics, they don't entirely identify with them.The final chapter of the present thesis sheds light on the different ways of transmission of Laevius' and Matius' fragments, exploring the grammatical, lexicographical and antiquarian contexts in which their verses were cited. This investigation is particularly interesting because it contributes to the solution of various editorial problems and helps us understand how poetic collections circulated in late Antiquity

Six manuscrits grecs ont été retenus pour l'établissement du texte du texte des sphériques de Théodose : les vat. Gr. 191, 202, 203, par. Gr. 2390, 2448 mais en premier lieu le vat. Gr. 204, dont la prééminence pour les traités de la petite astronomie est confirmée par des leçons où il conserve seul le texte à l'origine de celui des autres manuscrits. Quinze autres manuscrits ont été collationnés, le plus souvent partiellement ; cinq d'entre eux sont les témoins d'une recension systématique du texte, qui a été à l'origine de l’Edition princeps des sphériques. La version de Gérard de Cremone, traduite de l'arabe, a également été utilisée : elle s'avère souvent retravaillée, mais peut aussi préserver un état primitif, comme le montre une convergence avec des citations des Pappus. Le traité a été soumis à des processus répétés d'interpolation, que l'on a essayé de repérer. L'histoire du texte imprime, et les manuscrits récents, montrent que l'amplification n'a jamais cessé : les éditeurs successifs des sphériques ont apporté des notes personnelles qui viennent s'ajouter aux amplifications antérieures. Les témoins antiques révèlent parfois un état du texte différent de celui des manuscrits. L'examen d'une rupture dans la séquence déductive du traité permet de reconstituer les innovations de son auteur. Afin d'inclure une proposition sur les ascensions droites, il a bouleversé la structure d'un ouvrage plus ancien, dont l'existence a depuis longtemps été postulée ; ce faisant, il a rendu inaccessible la démonstration de sa proposition sur les différentes inclinaisons de l'écliptique.

Le but de la présente thèse fut de discuter la théorie cyrénaïque de la connaissance. En premier lieu, nous avons situé les philosophes cyrénaïques dans leur contexte historique et philosophique. Nous avons établi les successions de l'école aussi bien qu'une chronologie approximative des philosophes cyrénaïques. Nous avons traite des problèmes concernant le statut institutionnel des cyrénaïques, leur filiation socratique et leurs écrits. Nous avons trace les grandes lignes de l'hédonisme cyrénaïque et nous avons déterminé les origines historiques de la gnoséologie de la secte. Nous avons analysé également les traits principaux de la notion cyrénaïque de l'affect. En second lieu, nous nous sommes placées dans la perspective de la philosophie systématique. Nous avons discuté la conception cyrénaïque de l'infaillibilité et celle de la vérité, la croyance a l'existence du monde extérieur et la critique d'Aristocles contre les cyrénaïques. Nous avons examiné la formulation du problème des autres esprits et la théorie cyrénaïque du langage. Enfin, nous avons analysé la gnoséologie cyrénaïque en termes de la théorie dite analyse adverbiale de la perception. Nous avons soutenu que cette interprétation est formellement correcte et philosophiquement pertinente
The aim of the present thesis was to discuss the Cyrenaic theory of knowledge. In the first place, we have tried to situate the Cyrenaic philosophes in their historical and philosophical context. We have established their success as well as an approximate chronology of the school. Problems concerning their institutional status, their Socratic origins and their writing have been discussed. We have traced the main features of the Cyrenaic hedonism and the historical background of the Cyrenaic epistemology. We have also analyzed the Cyrenaic notion of affect. In the second place, we proceeded to a systematic approach to the Cyrenaic theory of knowledge. Our topics were the Cyrenaic conception of infallibility and of truth, the belief in the existence of the external world and Aristotles' critique against the Cyrenaic. We also examined the formulation of the other minds problem and the Cyrenaic theory of language. Finally, we analyzed the Cyrenaic epistemology in terms of the so-called adverbial analysis theory. In our mind such an interpretation is formally adequate and philosophically interesting

Le premier volume présente une étude du Hiéron ou sur la tyrannie, dialogue écrit par Xénophon d'Athènes, auteur prolifique du IVe siècle av. J. C. Le second volume présente le texte grec, une nouvelle traduction, des notes et un index répertoriant les mots grecs. L’étude poursuit plusieurs objectifs. Elle propose une réflexion sur la méthodologie d’approche de Xénophon ; une analyse de sa structure rhétorique ; une analyse de sa place dans le corpus xénophontique ; une étude du message historique ; une analyse du texte dans le contexte de la tradition des épinicies et du genre de Fürstenspiegel grec ; des biographies des prototypes choisis par l'auteur ; et des rapprochements avec les textes parallèles écrits par d'autres théoriciens politiques, Platon, Isocrate et Aristote. Selon nous, le dialogue de Xénophon doit être lu comme une réaction consciente et motivée au portait du tyran platonicien décrit dans les livres VIII et IX de la République. Nous soutenons aussi qu'Aristote a lu le Hiéron et que les chapitres de sa Politique consacrés aux méthodes de sauvegarde de la tyrannie élaborent les idées proposées par Xénophon. Après avoir examiné toutes les hypothèses proposées par les historiens et tous les candidats du prototype, nous concluons que c'est à Denys l'Ancien, tyran de Syracuse entre 403 et 376 av. J. C, que Xénophon a pensé. Un ensemble d'observations et d'arguments nous font placer la date de la composition après 358. L'étude examine aussi la réception du Hiéron faite par le philosophe américain Leo Strauss (1899-1973) qui a proposé une lecture radicalement ironique du Hiéron qui ne nous semble pas pertinente
The first volume contains an elaborate study of the Hiero or Tyrannicus, dialogue written by Xenophon, a prolific author of the IVth century BC. The second volume presents a new translation in French, notes and an index of greek words. The study itself has several aims: it proposes a reflection on the methodology of reading Xenophon; an analysis of the rhetorical structure of the text; an analysis of its place in the corpus xenophonticum; a study of its political message in the historical context of the Greek IVth century; an analysis in the context of the epinician tradition, as well as the tradition of the Greek Fürstenspiegel. It also provides biographies and studies of the two prototypes of the persons of the dialogue, looks into the established topoi about the tyranny that Xenophon worked on and provides detailed comparisons with parallel texts written by important political theorists, Isocrates, Plato and Aristotle. I try to show that the dialogue must be read as a conscious and motivated reaction to the tyrant's portrait in books VIII and IX of the Republic. I also believe that Aristotle had read the Hiero, and the chapters of the Politics that deal with the methods of preserving the tyranny are influenced by some of the Xenophon's ideas. After a detailed study of different historians' hypotheses concerning the prototype tyrant, I conclude that Xenophon must have thought about Dionysius the Elder, tyrant of Syracuse between 403 and 376 BC. A certain amount of observations and arguments seem to prove that the dialogue was written shortly after 358 BC. The last part is devoted to the reception of the Hiero made by the american philosopher Leo Strauss (1899-1973) who proposed a radically ironic reading of the Hiero that is not historically plausible

La présente thèse a pour objet la Bibliothèque de Photios de Constantinople (IXe siècle), recueil hétérogène de notices bio-bibliographiques et d’extraits d’auteurs. On approfondit l’intérêt géographique qui se manifeste dans de nombreux chapitres de cet ouvrage, et particulièrement dans les chapitres 213 et 250, qui portent sur Agatharchide de Cnide (IIe av. J. -Ch. ) et sur son traité Sur la Mer Rouge. Ce travail s’articule en trois parties. La première est une introduction à Agatharchide et à sa production (on s’occupe surtout de l’Asie de cet auteur et de son rôle de source pour Diodore de Sicile). La deuxième porte sur le texte : on y trouvera la traduction des chapitres 213 et 250 (il s’agit de la première traduction en langue italienne depuis celle de G. Compagnoni en 1836) et une mise en synopsis des extraits par Photios du livre V du traité Sur la Mer Rouge et du réemploi des mêmes matériaux par Diodore de Sicile (Bibliothèque historique, livre III). La troisième partie expose les résultats de ce travail : une étude de la géographie comme discipline, à partir d’une recherche sur les premières attestations du mot grec geographia et sur son évolution ; une évaluation de l’intérêt porté par Photios à la matière géographique ; une analyse de la structure de la Bibliothèque fondée sur les données de la synopsis. La nature du chapitre 250 permet de jeter la lumière sur le vrai caractère des notes de lecture de la Bibliothèque : il ne s’agit pas simplement d’informations et d’extraits inertes, mais de matériaux jaillis d’une activité d’enseignement, la composition desquels a fait l’objet de l’activité d’étude de Photios pendant toute sa vie
This thesis concerns the Bibliotheca of Photius of Constantinople (IX A. D. ), an heterogeneous collection of bio-bibliographical notes and extracts from Greek authors. We have studied the geographical interest coming out in many chapters of this work, and particularly in chapters 213 and 250, regarding Agatharchides of Cnidus (II B. C. ) and his treaty On the Erythraean Sea. Our work articulates in three parts. The first one is an introduction to Agatharchides and to its production (we have drown attention especially on the Asia of this author and on its role of source for Diodorus of Sicily). The second part deals with the text: it consists of an Italian translation of chapters 213 and 250 (the first one since that of G. Compagnoni, 1836) and a synopsis between Photius’ extracts of the work On the Erythraean Sea, book V and Diodorus’ reuse of the same materials (Bibliotheca Historica, book III). The third part exposes the results of this work: a study of geography as a discipline, based on a research on the first occurrences of the Greek word geographia and on its evolution; an examination of Photius’ interest in geographical subjects; an analysis of the structure of the Bibliotheca based on the data of the synopsis. The nature of chapter 250 allows to cast the light on the real nature of the reading notes composing the Bibliotheca: they are not simply pieces of information and mere extracts, but most of all they are materials coming from a teaching activity, whose composition is the result of a lifetime of study

Ce mémoire constitue la première partie d'un travail entrepris il y a une dizaine d'années sur le texte des rythmiciens grecs. Ce travail vise à en donner une première édition critique et une interprétation nouvelle, libérée de la tradition exégétique inaugurée par August Rossbach et Rudolf Westphal, dont il propose une lecture critique. Centré sur le seul fragment conservé du livre II des Eléments rythmiques d'Aristoxène de Tarente, où apparaît pour la première fois en Grèce une conception purement temporelle du rythme musical, le présent mémoire étudie donc la tradition manuscrite de ce traité fondateur, avant de retracer l'histoire de son texte durant l'Antiquité, le Moyen-âge et les débuts de l'époque moderne. Trois acteurs de cette dernière enrichissent principalement notre connaissance de la rythmique du disciple d'Aristote : Aristide Quintilien, Porphyre et Michel Psellos. Plusieurs des textes ici étudiés bénéficient d'une édition critique et d'une première traduction en français
This is a first part of a larger work on the text of Greek rhythmicians. It only concerns the fragment of book II of Aristoxenus Elementa Rhythmica and studies textual tradition and its text story during the Antiquity, Middle ages and the beginning of modern era. This story shows the great importance of Aristides Quintilianus, Porphyry and Psellus in this tradition. Some of these texts have been already translated with a critical edition

Lacan fait de Socrate l’antécédent historique du psychanalyste. Dans son séminaire sur le transfert, il prend appui sur le Banquet de Platon pour démontrer comment Socrate opère une manœuvre digne d’un analyste : quand Alcibiade lui déclare son amour, il le renvoie à Agathon. On peut ainsi dire que l’«interprétation» de Socrate lui dévoile le véritable objet de son désir, en lui prouvant aussi qu’il faut être trois pour aimer : telle serait l’éthique socratique, qui devancerait Freud quand ce dernier formule que «l’exemple est la chose même». Mais ce dialogue de Platon nous intéresse aussi parce qu’il met en relief ce que Lacan appelle la «métaphore de l’amour», à savoir le renversement à travers lequel l’aimé, celui qui se trouve être le centre et l’objet du désir des autres, devient aimant, manifestant ainsi un manque et abandonnant du coup sa position confortable. Ainsi, Lacan se sert de Platon pour comprendre la manière dont opère la psychanalyse : dans toute analyse digne de ce nom s’opère un renversement, une permutation de places, qui permet au sujet de se tourner vers l’inconscient, vers le désir de l’Autre. On peut en dire plus : il n’y a pas d’inconscient à proprement parler avant que ce changement de places énonciatives ne se produise
Lacan makes Socrate the historical antecedent of the psychoanalyst. In his seminar about the transfer, he bases on Plato's Symposium to demonstrate how Socrate makes a maneuver worthy of an analyst: when Alcibiade declares his love to him, he send him back to Agathon. Thus, we can say that the "interpretation" of Socrates reveals the true object of Alcibiade's desire, proving to him that it takes three to love: such is the Socratic ethics. But Plato's dialogue is also interesting as it highlights what Lacan calls the "metaphor of love", namely the reversal through which the loved one, which is the center and the object of the other's desire, becomes the lover, expressing a lack and abandoning his comfortable position. Thus, Lacan uses Plato to understand how the psychoanalysis operates: in any analysis worthy of the name is effected a reversal, a permutation of places, which allows the subject to turn to the unconscious, to the desire of the Other. We can say more: there is no unconscious strictly speaking before a change of enunciative places occurs

Le terme de "métaphysique" ne se lit pas chez Aristote. Les livres rassemblés sous ce titre ne cessent d'interroger leurs lecteurs quant à leur unité. La science ainsi désignée, enfin, semble contrevenir aux règles communes de la scientificité aristotélicienne. Désigner Aristote comme le "fondateur de la métaphysique" fait dès lors problème. L'hypothèse du présent travail est que cette fondation engage l'oeuvre des commentateurs d'Aristote, au premier chef desquels se situe Alexandre d'Aphrodise. L'Exégète par excellence aurait ouvert la possibilité de "faire de la métaphysique", sans que cela signifie seulement commenter Aristote. Alexandre travaille à faire de la "Métaphysique" un livre, et à instituer la métaphysique en une science une. Selon l'Aphrodisien, la métaphysique est cette science à la fois universelle et première, à la fois science modèle et fondatrice des autres sciences. Elle s'articule en trois programmes principaux : l'étude générale de l'étant en tant qu'étant, celle de la substance et celle enfin de la cause première. Ces trois programmes sont distincts, mais coordonnés et suffisamment proches pour ne pas pouvoir être étudiés par une autre science, ni éclatés entre diverses sciences. Ils progressent à chaque fois par un passage d'une généralité à son maximum et sa cause. Ainsi la substance est-elle cause de l'être des autres étants et étant au maximum. Ainsi la cause première est-elle intelligible au plus haut point et cause de l'intelligibilité du monde. L'Exégète offre une interprétation forte de l'unité de la Métaphysique et de celle de la science correspondante. C'est dans et par cette reprise que les écrits du Stagirite sont devenus proprement fondateurs
Aristotle does not use the word "metaphysics". The books called "Metaphysics" clearly lack unity. The science called "metaphysics" seems to break the common epistemological rules set by Aristotle himself. From that point of view, it seems problematic to consider Aristotle as the "founding father of metaphysics". The present dissertation aims to show that the foundation of metaphysics as a science is also based on the work of the Ancient Commentators, especially Alexander of Aphrodisias (fl. 200 AD). Paradoxically, the "Exegete par excellence" makes it possible to be engaged in metaphysics without limiting metaphysics to explaining Aristotle's books. The reason is that he tries in fact to makes explicit and to enhance the unity of this work as well as to establish the unity of the corresponding science. According to him, metaphysics is both universal and the first true science. As such it constitutes the condition for any type of knowledge to be established as a science. Metaphysics is devoted to three main programs : the general study of being, the study of substance, the study of the first cause. These different programs are closed enough to be carried out within one single science. The passage from one level to another is guided by what I propose to call the Principle of Maximum Casuality. In this way, the substance is the higher being and the cause of being for all the rest ; the first cause is the higher and most thinkable substance, the cause of the order on the world, and what makes it intelligible. So the Exegete offers a strong view of the unity of metaphysics and thanks to this reappropriation Aristotle's work became the origin of a long-lasting tradition

Le terme de "métaphysique" ne se lit pas chez Aristote. Les livres rassemblés sous ce titre ne cessent d'interroger leurs lecteurs quant à leur unité. La science ainsi désignée, enfin, semble contrevenir aux règles communes de la scientificité aristotélicienne. Désigner Aristote comme le "fondateur de la métaphysique" fait dès lors problème. L'hypothèse du présent travail est que cette fondation engage l'oeuvre des commentateurs d'Aristote, au premier chef desquels se situe Alexandre d'Aphrodise. L'Exégète par excellence aurait ouvert la possibilité de "faire de la métaphysique", sans que cela signifie seulement commenter Aristote. Alexandre travaille à faire de la "Métaphysique" un livre, et à instituer la métaphysique en une science une. Selon l'Aphrodisien, la métaphysique est cette science à la fois universelle et première, à la fois science modèle et fondatrice des autres sciences. Elle s'articule en trois programmes principaux : l'étude générale de l'étant en tant qu'étant, celle de la substance et celle enfin de la cause première. Ces trois programmes sont distincts, mais coordonnés et suffisamment proches pour ne pas pouvoir être étudiés par une autre science, ni éclatés entre diverses sciences. Ils progressent à chaque fois par un passage d'une généralité à son maximum et sa cause. Ainsi la substance est-elle cause de l'être des autres étants et étant au maximum. Ainsi la cause première est-elle intelligible au plus haut point et cause de l'intelligibilité du monde. L'Exégète offre une interprétation forte de l'unité de la Métaphysique et de celle de la science correspondante. C'est dans et par cette reprise que les écrits du Stagirite sont devenus proprement fondateurs
Aristotle does not use the word "metaphysics". The books called "Metaphysics" clearly lack unity. The science called "metaphysics" seems to break the common epistemological rules set by Aristotle himself. From that point of view, it seems problematic to consider Aristotle as the "founding father of metaphysics". The present dissertation aims to show that the foundation of metaphysics as a science is also based on the work of the Ancient Commentators, especially Alexander of Aphrodisias (fl. 200 AD). Paradoxically, the "Exegete par excellence" makes it possible to be engaged in metaphysics without limiting metaphysics to explaining Aristotle's books. The reason is that he tries in fact to makes explicit and to enhance the unity of this work as well as to establish the unity of the corresponding science. According to him, metaphysics is both universal and the first true science. As such it constitutes the condition for any type of knowledge to be established as a science. Metaphysics is devoted to three main programs : the general study of being, the study of substance, the study of the first cause. These different programs are closed enough to be carried out within one single science. The passage from one level to another is guided by what I propose to call the Principle of Maximum Casuality. In this way, the substance is the higher being and the cause of being for all the rest ; the first cause is the higher and most thinkable substance, the cause of the order on the world, and what makes it intelligible. So the Exegete offers a strong view of the unity of metaphysics and thanks to this reappropriation Aristotle's work became the origin of a long-lasting tradition

La Bibliothèque d’Apollodore, probablement composée au IIe ou au IIIe s. ap. J.-C., vise à rassembler les légendes et les mythes grecs en un système cohérent organisé selon un plan généalogique. Son auteur fonde son travail sur les écrits qui faisaient autorité en la matière, en particulier ceux des grands mythographes en prose du Ve s., parmi lesquels Phérécyde et Acousilaos sont les plus souvent nommés par Apollodore. Ce travail se propose d’analyser les rapports entre ces deux mythographes anciens et la Bibliothèque. Il examine chaque mention de leur nom dans cet ouvrage, et confronte tous leurs fragments au texte de la Bibliothèque, afin de comprendre pourquoi Apollodore choisit de les nommer ou, au contraire, de ne pas le faire ; pourquoi il les suit ou pourquoi il s’en écarte ; quelle place ils occupent réellement dans son traité. Plus largement, ce travail présente une réflexion sur les liens génériques entre la Bibliothèque et les mythographes anciens, en examinant en particulier la question de leur écriture, afin de comprendre comment Apollodore se situe par rapport aux premiers traités mythographiques grecs
Apollodorus’ Library, probably written during the 2nd or 3rd century A. D., aims at gathering Greek legends and myths in a coherent system based upon a genealogical structure. Its author bases his work on the most authoritative sources, including prestigious 5th-century mythographers as Pherecydes and Acusilaus, whose names are the most mentioned ones in Apollodorus’ treatise, along with Hesiod’s. This work analyses the links between those two ancient mythographers and the Library. It takes a close look at every mention of their name, and compares all their fragments to Apollodorus’ text, in order to understand how and why he cites them or not ; why he draws on them or chooses other sources ; what is their real influence on his treatise. This study also offers a reflection about the links between the Library and the ancient mythographical tradition as a genre, mainly on the basis of their respective style