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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 March 2023

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1

Dunphy, Richard. "Review article: Gender and sexuality in Ireland." Irish Historical Studies 31, no. 124 (November 1999): 549–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021121400014413.

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Recent years have witnessed a very welcome flourishing of historical and political research on the questions of gender and sexuality in Irish history and Irish society. In particular, the shameful lack (until the publication in 1978 of MacCurtain and Ó Corráin’s pioneering collection of essays) of historical studies of women’s changing roles within, and contributions to, Irish society is now being remedied. No longer can it be said that Irish women are entirely ‘hidden from history’ (to borrow the title of Sheila Rowbotham’s famous 1973 book), although some lacunae in the literature are still noticeable — for example, the problem of lesbian invisibility remains. That said, the present selection of works is impressive in the range of issues, themes and theoretical perspectives it covers. Given that gender and sexuality have featured prominently on the political agenda of the Republic of Ireland since at least the early 1980s, these publications are both timely and much needed.The first title reviewed here, Mary O’Dowd and Sabine Wichert’s Chattel, servant or citizen, is not specifically concerned with Ireland but has a much broader scope. Based on the proceedings of the twenty-first Irish Conference of Historians, it includes essays examining women’s status in Italy, Britain, France, Canada, Poland and the U.S.A., as well as several comparative essays. Among the essays with a specifically Irish theme are three in particular which deserve to be singled out.Donnchadh Ó Corráin’s essay on ‘Women and the law in early Ireland’ makes use of Latin and vernacular legal tracts, contemporary genealogies and (to a lesser extent) vernacular literature to explore themes which include marriage, rights and responsibilities in relation to children, rights of inheritance, and sexual violence against women. Máirín Ní Dhonnchadha singles out the Law of Adomnán of A.D. 697 as a landmark in the written history of women in Ireland. Named after the abbot of Iona and scholar, it is ‘the earliest surviving law concerned primarily with [women’s] welfare, and very probably the first law with this focus to have been enacted in the country’.

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2

Lacoursière*, Marc. "Propositions de réforme pour une protection des titulaires de cartes de débit victimes de transferts de fonds non autorisés." McGill Law Journal 54, no. 1 (October 1, 2009): 91–132. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/038179ar.

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Résumé Depuis les années 1960, les nouvelles technologies ont favorisé l’émergence de mécanismes de paiements électroniques. Outre les cartes de crédit, les relations entre les émetteurs de paiements et les consommateurs ne font aucunement l’objet d’une protection législative au Canada et au Québec, n’étant régies que par la common law et le Code civil du Québec. En 1992, le Groupe de travail sur le transfert électronique de fonds a adopté le Code de pratique canadien des services de cartes de débit afin de protéger les consommateurs qui font usage de la carte de débit au Canada et de régir la responsabilité des parties lors d’un transfert de fonds non autorisé. Les contrats bancaires ont graduellement incorporé les dispositions de ce code d’application volontaire, mais ils comportent plusieurs divergences par rapport à ce dernier qui s’avèrent défavorables pour le consommateur. L’expérience du droit étranger, notamment aux États-Unis et en Europe (France, Belgique et Luxembourg), suggère des pistes de solution pour combler les lacunes causées par cette inadéquation entre le Code de pratique canadien des services de cartes de débit et les contrats bancaires, et encourager une intervention du législateur.

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3

Lappin-Fortin, Kerry. "Investigating L1 lay assessments of L2 French pronunciation." Journal of Second Language Pronunciation 4, no. 1 (May 31, 2018): 103–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jslp.00005.lap.

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Abstract This study examined how 10 English Canadian students reading a 122-word passage in French were assessed by a diverse group of 40 native speaker lay listeners in France, thus addressing a lacuna in current pronunciation research. Both stimulus factors and listener effects were investigated. Quantitative and qualitative data revealed strong correlations between perceptions of accentedness and comprehensibility, and between lay ratings and those made by two experts. Results highlighted the impact phonemic errors and rate of speech have on rater judgments, while linkings (liaisons) and other prosodic elements seemed to play a minor role. Recommendations are made for a follow-up study using a larger sample.

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4

Goldberg, Jolande E. "Religious Law in a Secular Setting: New Classification Approaches for Jewish, Canon and Islamic Law." International Journal of Legal Information 29, no. 2 (2001): 465–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0731126500009549.

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Library of Congress' Bicentennial Summer 2000 was set as the deadline for completion of Class K for law, the only class of the Library's classification system (LCC) not yet fully developed. The last section of Class K - KB-KBX: Religious law (see detailed outline in the Appendix) - will at its implementation close the lacunae in the LCC.

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5

Reeb-Blanluet, Sonia. "Case Law: France." EC Tax Review 13, Issue 2 (June 1, 2004): 78–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/ecta2004017.

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6

Wolf, Sebastian. "Political Corruption as a Regulatory Problem in Germany." German Law Journal 14, no. 9 (September 1, 2013): 1627–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2071832200002443.

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The shortcomings identified in German bribery law—such as the limited criminalization of bribery of parliamentarians and other members of domestic assemblies, coupled with the absence of trading in influence offenses, and furthermore, certain limits in the criminalization of bribery of foreign and international officials and of private sector bribery—represent significant lacunae in the law.

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7

Kenfack, H. "France." European Review of Private Law 22, Issue 1 (February 1, 2014): 111–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/erpl2014008.

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8

Ní Shúilleabháin, Máire. "PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW IMPLICATIONS OF ‘EQUAL CIVIL PARTNERSHIPS’." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 68, no. 1 (January 2019): 161–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020589318000453.

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AbstractThe Steinfeld and Keidan campaign for ‘equal civil partnerships’ is focussed on English domestic law. However, it also has profound implications from a private international law perspective. If the UK parliament extends civil partnership to include different-sex couples, this will close a long-standing gap in English private international law. If, on the other hand, it was decided to abolish civil partnership, this would extend the existing lacuna in English private international law, and might generate further collisions with human rights norms. This article explores these lacunae and associated human rights concerns—and suggests possible solutions.

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9

Bell, John. "France – Independent Administrative Authorities in France." European Public Law 3, Issue 4 (December 1, 1997): 474–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/euro1997044.

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10

Maureen O'Sullivan. "The Legal Lacunae of Human-Animal Hybrids and Chimeras within Patent Law." Journal of Animal Ethics 8, no. 1 (2018): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/janimalethics.8.1.0062.

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11

Dickson, D. "France introduces bioethics law." Science 243, no. 4896 (March 10, 1989): 1284. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.2922613.

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12

Pocar, Fausto. "Transformation of Customary Law Through ICC Practice." AJIL Unbound 112 (2018): 182–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aju.2018.55.

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Article 21 of the Rome Statute, in defining the applicable sources of law for the International Criminal Court (ICC), breaks with the practice of the ad hoc tribunals by treating customary international law as only a secondary authority. Nonetheless, customary international law still has an acknowledged role in ICC jurisprudence in filling lacunae in the Rome Statute and aiding in its interpretation. One can also predict other instances in which the application of customary international law will be required. It remains to be seen, however, whether the ICC's use of customary law will lead to that law's further fragmentation or whether that use will instead modify customary law to reflect the ICC Statute.

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13

Delmas-Marty, M. "Ambiguities and Lacunae: The International Criminal Court Ten Years on." Journal of International Criminal Justice 11, no. 3 (June 27, 2013): 553–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jicj/mqt032.

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14

SAYAPIN, Sergey. "The General Principles of International Criminal Law in the Criminal Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan." Asian Journal of International Law 9, no. 1 (April 25, 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2044251318000036.

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AbstractInternational Criminal Law [ICL] contains a number of general principles, which form the foundations of and conditions for holding individuals criminally responsible for crimes under international law (genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and the crime of aggression), and other crimes against the peace and security of mankind. Most general principles of ICL have been adequately implemented in the current (second) edition of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan. This paper assesses the quality of and identifies the lacunae in the implementation of Kazakhstan’s Criminal Code, with a view to suggesting further improvements to this Code.

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15

López Aguilar, Juan Fernando. "Microestados europeos en la perspectiva de la negociación de un acuerdo de asociación con la Unión Europea." Teoría y Realidad Constitucional, no. 46 (December 16, 2020): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/trc.46.2020.29112.

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Este artículo acomete una aproximación a las especificidades histórico-constitucionales de tres microestados europeos: Principado de Andorra, Principado de Mónaco y República de San Marino. La aborda desde el Derecho comparado y desde su común encuadramiento en las categorías del constitucionalismo europeo democrático y social, pero también a la vista de su futuro Acuerdo de Asociación con la UE, sobre el que el Parlamento Europeo (PE) adoptó una Resolución con sus Recomendaciones en febrero de 2019. Su tratamiento conjunto responde a cuatro órdenes de consideraciones. Primero, siendo Estados europeos, raramente reciben atención en la doctrina europea, ni siquiera en los Estados miembros de la UE de su vecindad inmediata. Segunda, reviste interés delinear sus rasgos compartidos (cultura jurídica europea, reducida dimensión, estructuras jurídico-políticas heredadas de la historia con llamativa resiliencia frente a los sucesivos ciclos de cambio que se han producido alrededor), al tiempo que espigar sus singularidades, para concluir que cada uno de ellos es en cierto modo único en su género. Tercera, los tres microestados elegidos para este examen conjunto se encuentran actualmente incursos en un procedimiento de acercamiento a la UE mediante la negociación de un futuro Acuerdo de Asociación con la UE (lo que les diferencia de los casos de Liechtenstein y Ciudad del Vaticano), sobre cuyo resultado y eventual entrada en vigor el PE ostenta la última palabra (art. 218 TFUE). Y una cuarta razón: mejorar el conocimiento de estos tres microestados ayuda también a compensar una persistente laguna o déficit de tratamiento. Un descubierto llamativo teniendo en cuenta que los tres mantienen intensos lazos transfronterizos con otros tantos EE.MM de la UE, incluyendo España y Francia en su frontera con Andorra, Italia y Francia con Mónaco, e Italia con su enclave interno en la República de San Marino.This essay aims to focus on the specific features —both historical and constitutional— of three European microstates: the Principality of Andorra, the Principality of Monaco and the Republic of San Marino. It tackles this subject under a Comparative Legal approach, insofar as they fit into the standards of European democratic and social Constitutionalism, in view of their upcoming EU Association Agreement (on which the European Parliament adopted its Recommendations, February 2019). Its joint undertaking lies on four considerations. Firstly, they are all European States; and yet, hardly ever seen as such by the European Scholarly writings, not even by their closest neighbouring partners. Secondly, it is interesting to highlight their common features (European legal culture, small dimension, legal and political heritage that have proved resilient to upheavals all around), while singling out their uniqueness, leading to conclude that each of them is one of a kind their own way. Thirdly, all three microstates are included in a currently ongoing negotiating process, aimed to tighten their links with the EU acquis by means of a future EU Association Agreement (which is not the case of Liechtenstein, nor the Vatican City). As to this procedure, the European Parliament shall have its final say on the outcome and its entry into force (art.218 TFEU). And fourth: getting to know better these three microstates can also compensate a persisting lacuna, which is meaningful, at the light of intense crossborder links, with Spain (case of Andorra), France and Italy (case of Monaco), and Italy (case of its enclaved Republic of San Marino).

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16

Марку, Жерар, and Zherar Marku. "THE LAW AND LAW-MAKING IN FRANCE." Journal of Foreign Legislation and Comparative Law 1, no. 4 (October 29, 2015): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/14262.

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The article deals with the relation of the law and departmental law-making in France according on three types: the unity, “spreading”, the openness of the law-making process. The first view of the law-making in France is the unity in the framework of which the question of ensuring the unity of the European Union is developed. Particular attention is paid to the government’s management of the legislative process, the government authority to issue by-laws, the procedure of drafting legislation and decrees of general importance. The second type of realization of law-making in France — outside the Government activity law-making — “spreading”. The impact on the performance of law-making is revealed, new sources of law-making such as acts of European Union are marked, independent state bodies, local self-government. Particular attention is paid to such new phenomena as the legal normativity soft law (“soft law”, “droit souple”). Regarding the third kind of the law-making — the openness — it is noted that the process of law-making is not limited to the relationship between the Government and the Parliament, and all sectors of society and interest groups are involved in that process. It is noted that the amendment to the Constitution, adopted in 2008, resulted in a significant reform of the legislative production. When writing this article except for general scientific research methods (analysis and synthesis), the author has used the formal-logical, theoretical, systematic legal, historical and comparative law. Scientific novelty of the work lies in the comprehensive and systematic approach to the study of the relation of the law and guided-governmental lawmaking in France, which is conducted in three species. Analysis of the development of the main types of law-making in France and law inforcement practice at the present stage is of great scientific and practical importance. The research results can be taken into account in the development of proposals for the implementation in the Russian Federation of new approaches in law-making, adequate to modern socio — economic development of the country, relevant to the international-legal standards and the experience of foreign countries.

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17

Chopin, Frédérique. "France / France." Revue internationale de droit pénal 74, no. 1 (2003): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/ridp.741.0215.

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18

SCHONTHAL, Benjamin, and Tom GINSBURG. "Setting an Agenda for the Socio-Legal Study of Contemporary Buddhism." Asian Journal of Law and Society 3, no. 1 (February 2, 2016): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/als.2016.3.

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AbstractThis introduction to the special issue on Buddhism and law lays out an agenda for the socio-legal study of contemporary Buddhism. We identify lacunae in the current literature and call for further work on four themes: the relations between monastic legal practice and state law; the formations of Buddhist constitutionalism; Buddhist legal activism and Buddhist-interest litigation; and Buddhist moral critiques of law. We argue that this agenda is important for advancing Buddhist studies and for the comparative study of law and legal institutions.

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19

Reeb-Blanluet, Sonia. "France." EC Tax Review 14, Issue 2 (June 1, 2005): 109–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/ecta2005023.

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20

Chaulin, Vincent. "France." EC Tax Review 8, Issue 1 (March 1, 1999): 81–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/ecta1999015.

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21

Reeb-Blanluet, Sonia. "France." EC Tax Review 15, Issue 3 (October 1, 2006): 182–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/ecta2006033.

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22

Reeb-Blanluet, Sonia. "France." EC Tax Review 12, Issue 3 (October 1, 2003): 178–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/ecta2003038.

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23

Kamber, Krešimir. "Substantive and Procedural Criminal Law Protection of Human Rights in the Law of the European Convention on Human Rights." Human Rights Law Review 20, no. 1 (March 2020): 75–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hrlr/ngaa005.

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Abstract This article seeks to examine and explain the interaction between the substantive and procedural aspects of criminal law protection of human rights in the law of the European Convention of Human Rights. Noting certain theoretical and conceptual lacunae that arise in this context, the article suggests the most appropriate solution for the assessment of the substantive-procedural relationship from the perspective of legal theory and the European Court of Human Rights’ case-law. It submits, in particular, that it is always necessary to examine both aspects—substantive and procedural—of the same right and that the procedural aspect should be given primacy both in terms of the order of examination and inferences to be drawn on the question of observance of human rights by states.

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24

Freestone, David. "The Law of the Sea Convention at 30: Successes, Challenges and New Agendas." International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 27, no. 4 (2012): 675–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718085-12341262.

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Abstract The introduction to this volume of 20 essays by Law of the Sea scholars, published to mark the 30th Anniversary of the adoption of the 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, highlights some of the strengths of the legal regime established by the Convention, and reviews some of the more significant lacunae in the Convention regime. Recognising the significant changes that have taken place in scientific knowledge and political agendas in the thirty years since 1982, it reviews the challenges that these new agendas pose to the Convention regime.

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25

Stetson, Dorothy M. "Abortion Law Reform in France." Journal of Comparative Family Studies 17, no. 3 (October 1, 1986): 277–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/jcfs.17.3.277.

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26

Omar, Paul J. "Company Law Reform in France." European Business Law Review 12, Issue 3/4 (March 1, 2001): 76–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/358915.

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27

Wall, Sue. "Taking English law to France." Law Teacher 25, no. 1 (January 1991): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03069400.1991.9992798.

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28

Hannelais, Joëlle, and Thierry Gillot. "Sexual Harassment Law in France." International Journal of Discrimination and the Law 7, no. 1-4 (September 2005): 187–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/135822910500700407.

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The first laws concerning sexual harassment were passed by the French Parliament in 1992 following the recommendations of the Commission of 27 November 1991 on the protection of the dignity of men and women in the workplace. The law also obliges employers to take all necessary measures to prevent acts of harassment. Sexual harassment is also a crime in France. This article describes the operation and application of those laws, noting the narrow definition of sexual harassment when compared to European Community law. Relatively few sexual harassment complaints have been filed in France, but this may equally be the result of confidential conciliation of complaints as of the restrictive application of the law.

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29

Kostenko, Irina, and Sofia Ogievich. "Theoretical and legal analysis of lacunae in reforming the prosecution authorities system." Law Review of Kyiv University of Law, no. 2 (August 10, 2020): 191–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.36695/2219-5521.2.2020.33.

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As a basis for the study, we have taken the draft Law “On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine on Priority Mea -sures for the Reform of the Prosecutor’s Office”, namely the amendments directly related to the Law of Ukraine “On the Prosecutor’sOffice”. In the article we have distinguished the provisions of the draft law, which are not in compliance with the legislation of Ukraineand are not sufficiently substantiated. They were renamed structural bodies (the Prosecutor General’s Office – to the Attorney General’sOffice; regional prosecutor’s offices – to the regional; local – to the district), as this would allow the dismissal of employees of suchbodies on the basis of liquidation or reorganization of the relevant structure. This includes the elimination of military prosecutors’offices, which is unjustified in the conditions of military aggression in the east of Ukraine and the mass violation of fundamental humanrights and freedoms by the ill-treatment, torture and murder of prisoners and civilians. The article also examines the procedure of performanceappraisal and identifies the difficulties that will arise in its implementation, in particular in connection with the considerationof anonymous complaints against prosecutors, which may lead to misuse of their submission. The study found that the dismissal ofprosecutors through the liquidation or reorganization of structural bodies will not comply with some of the provisions of the legislationof Ukraine. Analyzing the situation arising from the adoption of the draft Law “On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraineon Priority Measures for the Reform of the Prosecutor’s Office”, it can be noted that an unlimited range of powers will be concentratedin the hands of the Prosecutor General, which may lead to abuse of his office. person. In the course of the study, it is fully justified thatthe reform of the Prosecutor’s Office has a significant number of shortcomings and needs substantial revision.

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30

Ahmad, Shakeel. "India’s Anti-Satellite Test: from the Perspective of International Space Law and the Law of Armed Conflict." International Criminal Law Review 21, no. 2 (February 24, 2021): 342–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718123-bja10046.

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Abstract To enhance their strategic position, some spacefaring States are engaged in exploiting legal lacunae of international space treaties. Consequently, there is an increase of militarization of outer space. As an instance of such activities, an anti-satellite (asat) test by India represents a strategic move to enhance its deterrence capability rather than earnestly adhering to international space law. Such actions can potentially increase the element of uncertainty in international law, particularly the international space law. The pursuit of military strategic interests in space has increased the possibility of an arms race in space. This article argues that asat tests not only violate certain principles of international law but also undermine the efforts for arms control and disarmament in the outer space. In this regard, an effective role of the international community is required to curb the arms race imperative for a safe and sustainable outer space environment.

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31

Memeteau, G. "France." European Journal of Health Law 1, no. 3 (1994): 299–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157180994x00187.

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32

Želčević-Diamel, Ana. "Family law in France: A law in transformation." Anali Pravnog fakulteta u Beogradu 66, no. 1 (2018): 145–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/analipfb1801145z.

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Parmas, Andres. "Superior Responsibility in Estonian Criminal Law and its Compliance with International Law." Juridica International 28 (November 13, 2019): 64–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/ji.2019.28.08.

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If a domestic criminal-law system is to be equipped to operate in conformity with the underlying idea of complementarity that is among the International Criminal Court’s underpinnings, it is vital that, amongst other aspects of general principles of responsibility, the superior responsibility doctrine be transposed into domestic law properly. Accordingly, the paper deconstructs Art. 88 (1) of the Estonian Penal Code, which stipulates the superior responsibility concept in the Estonian legal system, for the purpose of assessing whether it exhibits compliance with customary international law on superior responsibility or Art. 28 of the Rome Statute. The analysis presented reveals considerable differences between the Estonian regulatory scheme and relevant international norms: it appears that there are several respects in which Estonian regulation does not meet the international standard and, hence, large lacunae are to be found in Estonian law on superior responsibility. For this reason, the article concludes with a recommendation that Estonian regulation of superior responsibility be complemented in such a way that it is rendered consistent with international law – specifically, with the requirements of Art. 28 of the Rome Statute – while simultaneously taking into consideration the demands stemming from Estonian criminal-law dogmatics, especially the guilt principle.

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34

Reeb-Blanluet, Sonia. "Legislation: France." EC Tax Review 13, Issue 2 (June 1, 2004): 82–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/ecta2004019.

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35

Chaulin, Vincent. "Legislation: France." EC Tax Review 8, Issue 4 (December 1, 1999): 271–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/ecta1999066.

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36

Reeb-Blanluet, Sonia. "Legislation: France." EC Tax Review 13, Issue 1 (April 1, 2004): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/ecta2004007.

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37

Reeb-Blanluet, Sonia. "Legislation: France." EC Tax Review 12, Issue 2 (June 1, 2003): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/ecta2003023.

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38

Caussanel, S. "France ·Sandra Caussanel." European State Aid Law Quarterly 20, no. 1 (2021): 710–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21552/estal/2021/1/21.

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39

Taylor, Simon. "Legal Ignorance: France." European Review of Private Law 29, Issue 2 (April 1, 2021): 223–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/erpl2021013.

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This contribution considers the role of legal ignorance in French private law. After a short description of how the issue of legal ignorance has been approached by French academic writers, the article focuses on three areas: the law of contract, limitation periods and tort law. With respect to contracts, the article demonstrates that ignorance of the law has principally been approached through the perspective of contractual consent. The study considers the extent to which ignorance of the law can vitiate contractual consent before turning to examine the role played by informational duties in strengthening contracting parties’ rights in the event of legal ignorance. The study then looks at how legal ignorance can impact on the application of limitation periods. This includes examining the issue of whether the fact that a new type of claim has only recently been recognized by the courts should mean that the starting point for the limitation period should only run from that moment. On the role of legal ignorance in tort law, the contribution in particular highlights the link between legal ignorance and issues relating to the retroactivity of case law rules. The article concludes by considering the prospects for legal change in this area.

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40

Bell, John. "France – Current Developments." European Public Law 1, Issue 1 (March 1, 1995): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/euro1995005.

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41

Pintore, Anna. "Il nome delle cose. In margine a principia iuris di Luigi Ferrajoli." SOCIOLOGIA DEL DIRITTO, no. 2 (December 2009): 27–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/sd2009-002002.

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- The author examines certain aspects of the axiomatic theory of law developed in Luigi Ferrajoli's monumental Principia Iuris, dwelling in particular on the theme of lacunae, on the concept of expectation, on conflicts between rights and on the definition of democracy. All these topics orbit around the notion of "subjective law" and how it relates to the notion of democracy, while each one calls attention to an awkward intersection that risks undermining the theory's overall structure: in fact, the author believes that Luigi Ferrajoli's theory of law is based on certain insufficiently justified and therefore questionable theoretical choices.

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Masclet, Jean‐Claude, Daniel Ludet, and Xavier Delcros. "France." International Journal of the Legal Profession 2, no. 1 (January 1995): 7–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09695958.1995.9960391.

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Alimirzoev, Sergei, Ilya Aleshchev, and Daria Romanova. "Russian Family Foundations: benefits and pitfalls for international clients with Russian connections." Trusts & Trustees 26, no. 6 (July 1, 2020): 574–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tandt/ttaa057.

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Abstract Since 2018, Russian law has provided for the concept of a “Hereditary Foundation”, a private foundation which can be established after the demise of the testator and which can act in a way similar to a common-law trust. It is an option for complex estate planning under Russian law. It has attracted both interest and controversy, with many concerned that the gray area, lacunae, and inconsistencies in the legislation may prevent its effective implementation. The authors analyze the practical challenges in this area and consider whether and how this vehicle fares in competition with the non-Russian structures traditionally used by Russian private clients for estate and succession planning.

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Khanderia, Saloni. "The Hague Conference on Private International Law's Proposed Draft Text on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments: Should South Africa Endorse it?" Journal of African Law 63, no. 3 (October 2019): 413–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002185531900024x.

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AbstractThe Proposed Draft Text on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments forms an integral part of the ambitious Judgments Project of the Hague Conference on Private International Law. In particular, this instrument endeavours to foster predictability and certainty in international commercial relations by enabling litigants to be accurately informed in advance of the circumstances in which the decision of the court of one contracting state will be recognized or enforced in the territory of another. The endorsement of the Draft Judgments Convention could accordingly prove advantageous to countries like South Africa, whose private international law on the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments seems archaic and confined to a narrow set of precepts. This article identifies the loopholes in the country's policy and practice on the subject, and demonstrates the manner in which the Draft Judgments Convention could plausibly address these lacunae.

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Liang, Jessica. "The Inherent Jurisdiction and Inherent Powers of International Criminal Courts and Tribunals." New Criminal Law Review 15, no. 3 (2012): 375–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/nclr.2012.15.3.375.

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The concepts of inherent powers and inherent jurisdiction are curious under international criminal law. Their source is unclear and their content indeterminate. With potentially coercive consequences on individuals, the exercise of such powers in the criminal context deserves close scrutiny. This article argues that the concepts serve a legitimate function within international criminal courts and tribunals. They are indispensable for filling lacunae in jurisdiction and controlling the abuse of process. Invocations of a court's inherent powers are guided by the necessity of guarding the judicial function and notions of justice. Problematically, this vests substantial discretion in the judiciary and opens their use to judicial activism. This article delineates a clear set of limitations and argues that judicial restraint is crucial to ensuring that there is no abuse of discretion flowing from the exercise of this power.

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Petrov, Aleksandr Yu. "New documents on the history of russian America in foreign archives." Вестник Российской академии наук 89, no. 11 (November 13, 2019): 1128–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0869-587389111128-1136.

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The paper is based on the results of research work in foreign archives. An attempt is made to summarize the main data identified in the foreign archives of the United States, Estonia, France, Spain, Italy, and other countries, to summarize the results of this interdisciplinary research and to identify prospects for the study of the history and heritage of Russian America. The paper does not pretend to be a comprehensive and detailed analysis of the sources on the stated topic this goal is, rather that of the monograph on which the author is currently working. The purpose of the paper is to acquaint the general scientific community with the characteristic lacunae and to show previously unknown archives in which there are documents both on Russian America and on various topics of general history.

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N. Simović, Miodrag, Živorad Rašević, and Vladimir M. Simović. "CYBER WARFARE AND INTERNATIONAL CYBER LAW: WHITHER?" Journal of Criminology and Criminal Law 58, no. 3 (December 12, 2020): 23–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.47152/rkkp.58.3.2.

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This paper analyses historical, sociological and normative aspects of the cyber violence in international relations and international law, aiming to assess the adequacy of the extant international norms for its regulation. It results with the knowledge on the lack of international cooperation and a universal approach, the instrumentalisation of the internet as a means of warfare, lacunae in the relevant legal framework, and the peril of compromisation of the international law. Since the social jeopardy of activities in the cyberspace is hardly measurable and subjected to highly arbitrary interpretations, the problem of the uncertain peacetime or belligerent legal qualification of cyber activities is exposed. The other serios problem is a high risk from potentially disproportional responses of states to the cyber violence. Especially due to the lack of universal international institutions in the field of cyber, it must be concluded that the international lege lata applicable to the cyber violence is not adequate and sustainable. The progressive development of international cyber law is thus suggested, through the pacification of the internet and the international criminalisation of cyber violence.

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Wise, Michael. "Competition Law and Policy in France." OECD Journal: Competition Law and Policy 7, no. 1 (August 8, 2005): 7–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/clp-v7-art2-en.

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Menjucq, Michel. "The Company Law Reform in France." Rabels Zeitschrift für ausländisches und internationales Privatrecht 69, no. 4 (2005): 698. http://dx.doi.org/10.1628/003372505774580978.

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Salem, Serena, T. Alexander Brabant, and Maxime Desplats. "Arbitration and Company Law in France." European Company Law 12, Issue 3 (June 1, 2015): 144–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eucl2015022.

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