Dissertations / Theses: 'Lacunae in law – France'

1

Hay, M. A. "The criminal law of private defence in England, Scotland and France." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.234104.

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Vinka, Anders. "Les Secrets d’Affaires en France et en Suède." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Economics, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-930.

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Un but de la coopération dans le cadre de l'Union Européenne, c'est de réaliser une unification législative dans les états-membres. La Suède et la France ont eu des développements différents en ce qui concerne la publication et des différences existent aussi dans le domaine des secrets d'affaires. Ce mémoire a pour tâche d'étudier les différences en question ainsi que les possibilités d'une unification franco-suédoise. Au début se trouve une présentation de la protection des secrets d'affaires en France suivie d'une présentation de la protection suédoise. Les lois, la jurisprudence et la doctrine sont présentées et il y a une subdivision entre droit pénal et droit privé. A la fin une comparaison a été faite et les possiblités d'une unification ont été discutées. Le résultat du mémoire indique la possibilité d'une unification, surtout en cas d'une abrogation de certaines lois obsolètes en France.

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3

Guerrini, Marc. "L'identité constitutionnelle de la France." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM1033.

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L'été 2006 fut marqué par la consécration jurisprudentielle de la notion d'identité constitutionnelle de la France par le Conseil constitutionnel. Cette dernière constitue une réserve de constitutionnalité destinée, au même titre que les conditions essentielles d'exercice de la souveraineté nationale, à réguler l'intégration du droit de l'Union européenne en droit interne. Or, son aspect largement défensif doit être relativisé. En effet, la possibilité affirmée de pouvoir opposer au droit européen une règle ou un principe inhérent à l'identité constitutionnelle française ne saurait résumer à elle seule la finalité de la réserve. Celle-ci apparaît comme étant une notion fonctionnelle adaptée à la régulation des rapports de systèmes juridiques faisant de l'identité une norme nouvelle permettant tant la conciliation des ordres juridiques en présence, que la préservation des singularités fondamentales de la Constitution française
The summer of 2006 was marked by the judicial adoption of the concept of constitutional identity of France by the Constitutional Council. The latter is a reserve for constitutionality, as well as the essential conditions for the exercise of national sovereignty, regulate the integration of EU law into national law. But its largely defensive aspect must be relativized. Indeed, the possibility of power asserted against European law rule or principle inherent to the French constitutional identity can not summarize alone the purpose of the reserve. It appears as a functional concept adapted to the regulation of relations legal systems that identity as a new standard for reconciling legal orders concerned the preservation of fundamental singularities of the French Constitution

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Triboulet, Anne. "L'impact du droit international sur la problématique minoritaire en France." Thesis, McGill University, 1997. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=20546.

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France has always refused to recognise the legal existence of minorities on its territory. It is a sociological fact that many groups of minorities live in France and the gap between this reality and French law seems to be at the source of growing tensions. This study proposes to analyses the degree which international law can contribute to the evolution of France's position with regards to its minority groups. Since the end of the cold war, there have been significant developments of the international instruments relating to the rights of minorities. This fact notwithstanding, these instruments do not appear to have a direct impact on the French situation. An approach consisting of the development of the cultural fights, with the broader system of human rights, could contribute to augmenting the respect and protection of inter-states identities without challenging the universalist tradition to which France is particularly attached.

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Tap, Florent. "Recherche sur le précédent juridictionnel en France." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU10045.

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De nombreuses études doctrinales françaises ont, à partir des années deux-mille, eu de plus en plus recours au concept de précédent pour qualifier la création de normes générales par le juge. De prime abord, ce concept est spontanément associé aux systèmes de Common law, dans lesquels les précédents s’imposent en vertu de la règle stare decisis. Ce changement terminologique doctrinal n’est pas fortuit mais est le marqueur d’un changement de paradigme en matière de pouvoir normatif du juge en France. L’objet de cette thèse est, dans cette perspective, de démontrer que s’il est possible de parler de précédent, celui-ci n’est pas le fruit d’une importation d’un principe de Common law, pas plus que le résultat d’une synthèse des traditions de Common law et de Civil law. La construction du système juridique français depuis la Révolution a donné naissance à une certaine compréhension du précédent et de son autorité. Le précédent s’y est développé à travers une culture juridique légicentriste et a été systématiquement abordé à travers les canons conceptuels d’appréhension de la loi. En ce sens, le précédent a d’abord été pensé en France comme la formulation d’une norme générale par une cour souveraine, à l’instar de l’édiction d’une disposition législative par le Parlement. La motivation des cours en France tend cependant à devenir plus substantielle et la solution retenue davantage justifiée. D’une conception primitive du précédent, calquée sur la loi, l’on passe ainsi progressivement à une conception autonome du précédent, conçu comme la justification de la solution retenue qui sert de fondement au règlement des cas ultérieurs analogues. Parler de précédent juridictionnel en France revient alors à prendre acte de ces changements qui, bien qu’encore relativement ponctuels et timides, traduisent une dynamique certaine d’évolution du pouvoir créateur du juge en France
Numerous French doctrinal studies have, increasingly since the twentieth century, used theconcept of precedent to describe the creation of general norms by judges. At first glance, thisconcept is spontaneously associated with common law systems, in which judicial precedents arebinding, under the rule of stare decisis. This change in terminology is not incidental but is theindicator of a paradigm shift in the normative power of judges in France. The purpose of this thesisis, in this perspective, to demonstrate that, while it is possible to use the term of “precedent” inFrance, it is not the result of an import of common law precedent, nor the result of a synthesis ofcommon law and civil law traditions. The construction of the French legal system since the Revolutionhas given rise to a certain understanding both of precedent and of its authority. The precedent inFrance has been developed through a “légicentriste” legal culture (i.e. focused on the law enacted bythe Parliament), and has been systematically approached through the conceptual canons ofperception of the law. Accordingly, the precedent in France was first conceived as the formulationof a general standard by a sovereign court, like the enactment of a statutory law by Parliament.However, the reasoning of courts in France tends to become more substantial and the solutionadopted is thus more justified. From a primitive conception of the precedent, similar to the law,we gradually move on to an autonomous conception of the precedent, conceived as the justificationfor the chosen solution, which serves as a foundation for similar cases in the future. Talking aboutjurisdictional precedent in France then amounts to taking note of these changes which, althoughstill relatively punctual and timid, nevertheless reflect a certain dynamic of evolution of the creativepower of judges in France

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Coubaneichvili, Oto, and Egle Bazaraite. "Country Cultural Effects on Deviant Workplace Behavior : Poland and France Perspective." Thesis, Kristianstad University College, School of Health and Society, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-4822.

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Deviant workplace behavior has become an important problem of today’s

businesses as it has both financial impacts and social and psychological effects on

the organization. Therefore, it is a very important, but not very common research

area. There is no research done on the nature of workplace deviance in terms of

country culture; thus, it is interesting to explore country culture effects on deviant

workplace behavior.

The main purpose of this study is to investigate how country culture influences

deviant workplace behavior. Firstly, we developed the link between the cultural

diversity and deviant workplace behavior theories referring to the literature review

and then we established the hypotheses which were tested in the survey of

business students from different countries. This investigation led to the

conclusions and solutions of the research problem.

The research revealed that cultural similarities can explain deviant workplace

behavior. Our study was limited to two countries, Poland and France, which

represent two different blocks of Europe, Eastern and Western. These countries

were chosen because they are economically and historically different, thus, they

are linked with different prejudices about deviant behavior tendencies. However,

culturally they are very similar. This research has identified the patterns of

deviance in these countries and has contradicted the prejudice about the deviance

inclinations in Western (France) and Eastern (Poland) Europe. As this study

focused on two countries, future research findings should be verified with studies

on other countries.

This research will have both a theoretical and practical value. The theoretical

value was created by connecting two research areas: deviant workplace behavior

and cultural diversity theories. The practical value can be explained by a growing

number of multinational enterprises and increasing internationalization of

business environment. Thus, knowledge about possible trickery and its patterns in

different cultures has increasing demand and value for companies in the global

community.

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Whittaker, Simon John. "The relationship between contract and tort : a comparative study of French and English law." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.670368.

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Longhitano, Valerio. "John Law : théorie et pratique de la monnaie." Paris 8, 2013. http://octaviana.fr/document/18110492X#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.

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On a voulu voir d'abord comment Law a été perçu par la littérature qui s'est intéressée à lui. On a laissé de côté les invectives des héritiers, d'un De La Mothe et on a suivi les débats qui ont eu lieu pendant trois siècles, sur Law économiste et réformateur. On a trouvé un Law maltraité en milieu libéral (depuis Smith et Daire) et apprécié par les démocrates et les socialistes français du XIXe siècle, un Law exalté par James Steuart et situé par là au sein d'un courant hétérodoxe de l'économie politique le menant (par l'attention au plein emploi) à J. M. Keynes. Law élabore une réflexion sur une monnaie toute neuve, qui n'est pas de la marchandise et qui est à la fois meilleure (par son invariabilité) comme instrument de mesure des valeurs et plus apte, grâce à la facilité de son émission, à répondre aux besoins de la production et de l'emploi. Cette monnaie, endogène à l'activité économique, ne paierait pas de frais aux pays propriétaires de mines, et serait capable de concurrencer, voire de remplacer, la monnaie métallique et jouirait des mêmes garanties. Ces garanties résident (quand en Angleterre et en Écosse on discute sur les banques foncières) dans la terre puis sont étendues à tous flux de revenu venant de la production que cette monnaie rendra possible. Cette monnaie devrait, par son abondance, abaisser les taux d'intérêts, allégeant le poids de l'usure sur l’État ainsi que sur les producteurs. Ce projet est tenté en France, une société de "rente seekers" prêts à profiter des opportunités offertes par le nouveau système de finance, mais hostiles à un ordre monétaire entraînant son euthanasie
The monetary theory of John Law is one thats responds to the requirement of full employment. This paper considers, first of all, how he is viewed in the literature. The followers of De La Mothe have been disregarded in favour of the debates that lasted three centuries about John Law as an economist and a reformer. The picture emerges of Law being held in scant regard in liberal circles (after Smith and Daire) and appreciated among the French democrats and socialists of the 19th century. His veneration by James Steuart led to his insertion in a heterodox current of political economy leading to John Maynard Keynes. Law envisages a completely new kind of money that is not a commodity, more suitable as tool to measure value (because of its invariability) and more able (for the ease of its emission) to respond to the needs of production and employment. Money as an inherent part of economic activity, which pays no costs to mine-owning countries, is able to compete with metallic money, and also to be a substitute for it. Paper money has the same guarantees as metallic money. When, in England and Scotland, land banks were being discussed about, such guarantees were located in land, and later extended to every flow of wealth which it made possible. Money which, by its abundance, would have the task of keeping down the interest rate, lightening the load of usury on the state and on producers. A project which Law will try to perfect in France: in a society of "rente seekers", disposed to take advantage of the opportunities offered by the new system, but completely unwilling to accept an order whose aim was to produce their euthanasia

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9

Thuilleaux, Sabine 1961. "Aspects compares des regimes juridiques de l'arbitrage au Quebec et en France : droit interne - droit international prive." Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=59843.

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In 1986, Quebec adopted the Act to amend the Civil Code and the Code of Civil Procedure in respect of Arbitration and thereby established a new and modern regime for contractual arbitration. The new regime includes provisions to facilitate execution in Quebec of arbitral awards rendered outside the province.
This thesis deals with certain aspects of the new regime, comparing it with the well-established French law of arbitration, which has abundant caselaw covering both domestic and international arbitration. Emphasis is placed on the manner in which Quebec courts have applied the new arbitration law in comparison with French judicial practice.
The first part of the thesis deals with domestic arbitration, focussing on contractual and jurisdictional issues. This is done through an examination of the arbitration agreement, the arbitration procedure, the award, as well as the execution of the award and remedies to set it aside.
International arbitration is treated in the second part. The definition of international arbitration, the validity and autonomy of the arbitration agreement, the choice of law relating to the procedure and the dispute itself are reviewed, as is the execution of foreign awards--that is, those rendered outside Quebec or rendered in Quebec but in the context of an international dispute.

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Buckingham, Donald E. "Feeling the squeeze National food labelling legislation in a WTO World: Case studies from France, Canada and Ghana." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/29202.

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Legal regulation shapes the form and content of food labels. Whether in developed or developing countries, national laws outline obligations for labelling that reflect a combination of safety, commercial, and proprietary objectives based on a country's unique circumstances. This dissertation mines one particular dimension of the interplay between national and international law. While focusing on the narrow issue of food labelling legislation, it canvasses the national and international obligations affecting food labels that arise from intellectual property law, trade regulation and consumer protection. National food labelling regimes share some similar legislative provisions. French, Canadian, and Ghanaian law all recognize three categories of food labelling elements for pre-packaged foods: (1) mandatory labelling elements; (2) prohibited elements; and (3) reserved elements. As well, failure to comply with food labelling laws can result in criminal or civil liability, although implementation varies from country to country, with "food-centred" cultures more apt to vigorously enforce food labelling laws. Yet, it not simply national law that dictates the final form of food labels. International legal obligations increasingly play a pivotal role. While early international agreements were driven by States' desires to harmonize certain commercial and intellectual property laws, a shift occurred with the GATT 1947. This Agreement did not look to harmonize private law regimes amongst trading partners, but rather it set out general obligations that prohibited certain national measures which inhibited trade. The pendulum has swung even further with the establishment of the WTO. National governments, in light of their WTO obligations, must now (a) undertake positive law reform; (b) make national measures WTO-compatible; and (c) submit to compulsory trade dispute resolution, all of which can affect national food labelling laws. Clear international obligations established to address commercial or health concerns permit States to maintain national measures while still pursuing trade liberalization. However, international obligations applied to discipline national measures like the marking of food quality and the provision of new consumer information tread on national cultural sensitivities. Until further consensus evolves concerning how international obligations should be applied to such national food labelling measures, significant conflicts between national and international obligations will continue.

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Rahon-Dos, Santos Marie-Bénédicte. "Les professeurs de droit du Collège de France (1612-1919)." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019USPCB044.

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Le Collège de France, créé en 1530, a pour objectif principal d'enseigner des matières nouvelles, non présentes dans le paysage universitaire. Le droit, représenté par la Faculté de droit de Paris, est ainsi, au commencement, mis de côté. Il faut attendre 1612, pour qu'une chaire de droit soit instituée au Collège de France. Cette discipline est représentée jusqu'en 1919. La première chaire de droit est intitulée chaire de droit canon, il s'agit ici d'un enseignement classique, pourtant cette institution décide de mettre en place cette matière en son sein. Les raisons sont de divers ordres : politiques mais également scientifiques et s'inscrivent contre toute apparence dans le projet principal du Collège. Au cours de l'époque moderne, deux chaires de droit canon sont ainsi présentes. La première de 1612 à 1792 est simplement supprimée sous la Révolution, la seconde de 1689 à 1773, est transformée en chaire de droit de la nature et des gens. Cette transformation met en place un enseignement inédit en France. En effet, si cette matière est déjà enseignée dans d'autres pays notamment outre-Rhin, elle ne l'est pas en France. Exclue du champ universitaire classique, le Collège de France voit dans la création de cette chaire, non seulement la mise en valeur d'un enseignement inexistant à la Faculté, mais également la mise en place d'un certain contrôle sur une matière polémique. Cette chaire traverse plus d'un siècle, très mouvementé, et est transformée en 1887. Enfin, une chaire d'histoire des législations comparées est créée en 1831 et perdure jusqu'en 1919. Il s'agit de la dernière chaire de droit. Cette matière est la plus innovante. Ces quatre chaires ne doivent leur création, leur existence et leur fin qu'à leurs titulaires. Ce n'est pas tant la chaire, ou la matière elle-même qui comptent que ce dernier. Il s'agit d'un système intuitu personae, ou la personne même du professeur est fondamentale. L'intérêt de cette étude porte donc sur les professeurs eux-mêmes, d'un point de vue personnel, institutionnel et scientifique. Les professeurs sont ainsi étudiés dans leurs rapports avec le Collège de France, les pouvoirs publics, les autres institutions de l'enseignement supérieur, principalement la Faculté de droit de Paris, mais aussi dans leurs relations avec leurs homologues et avec la doctrine juridique
The main goal of the Collège de France, created in 1530, is to teach new subjects that are not presented in the traditional academic landscape. Law, presented by the Paris Faculty of Law, used to be part of those set aside courses. It was not until 1612 that a chair of law was instituted at the Collège de France where it was then presented until 1919. The first chair of law, called chair of canon law, became part of this institution's offer despite being classified as formal education. Against all odds, that decision was aligned with the College's main goal and was taken for various reasons, both political and scientific. During the modern era, two chairs of canon law are present. The first chair, operated from 1612 to 1792, is simply suppressed during the Revolution ; the second one, operated from 1689 to 1773, is transformed into a chair of law of nature and people. This transformation sets up an unprecedented educational system in France. Indeed, although this subject is already taught in other countries, particularly across the Rhine, it is not the case in France yet. Excluded from the classical university field, the Collège de France sees in the creation of this chair, not only the enhancement of a non-existent teaching at the Faculty, but also the establishment of a certain control over a controversial subject. This chair goes through a very hectic century before being transformed in 1887. Finally, a chair of history of comparative legislation was created in 1831 and lasted until 1919. This was the last chair of law and the most innovative material. These four chairs owe their creation, their existence and their end only to their professors. It is the latter that really count, before the chair or the material itself. It is an intuitu personae system, where the character of the teacher himself is fundamental. Consequently, this study focuses on the teachers themselves, from a personal, institutional and scientific point of view. Thus, teachers are studied through their relations with the Collège de France, public authorities or other institutions of higher education such as the Paris Faculty of Law, but also in their relationship with their counterparts and with the legal doctrine

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Pejchalová, Grünwaldová Vladimíra. "Property law in Europe : a comparative study of national law and the law of European convention for the protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAA020.

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La thèse traite de la protection de la propriété privée, d’une part dans le droit et la pratique de la Convention européenne des droits de l’Homme, et d’autre part dans le droit constitutionnel et la pratique des systèmes tchèque et français. Elle fournit une enquête comparative sur la portée des clauses respectives de protection de la propriété et de leur interprétation juridique dans le but de faire ressortir les éléments aussi bien convergents que divergents des approches normatives et jurisprudentielles de la protection de la propriété en tant que droit de l’Homme. L’objectif principal de cette enquête a été d’examiner et de comparer le traitement de la propriété dans la la Convention européenne des droits de l’homme et dans les Constitutions de la France et de la République tchèque. Le sujet de la recherche est traité sous la forme d’une recherche dans plusieurs domaines spécifiques: les fondements théoriques et philosophiques, le sens et la portée des garanties assorties à la propriété et leur interprétation juridique, les limites et les privations de propriété, et les approches constitutionnelles quant à leur mise en oeuvre dans le droit et la pratique de la Convention
The thesis deals with the protection of private property in the law and practice of the European Convention on Human Rights and in the Czech and French constitutional law and practice. It provides a comparative inquiry into the scope of the respective property protection clauses and their judicial interpretation with a view to extracting convergent and divergent elements of the normative and jurisprudential approaches to the protection of private property as a human right. The main focus of the inquiry is to examine and compare the treatment of property in the European Convention on Human Rights and in constitutional law of France and the Czech Republic. The topic is analysed by virtue of research into several specific areas: the philosophical and theoretical foundations; the meaning and scope of the property guarantees and their judicial interpretation, limitations and deprivations of property; and the constitutional approaches to the implementation of the law and practice of the Convention

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O'Neil, Kimberly. "Nuclear fusion: The political economy of technology in France and Germany." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6737.

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Yahil, Edna Ruth. "Creating justice in late medieval France the seigneurial court of Saint Germain des Prés /." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2004. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=790244841&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Gerapetritis, George. "The application of proportionality in administrative law : judicial review in France, Greece, England and in the European Community." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.308666.

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Pierrot, Claudia. "A comparative legal study of preliminary agreements under French and American Law /." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=30321.

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This thesis is a comparative legal study of preliminary agreements in French and American law.
At the negotiation process, a preliminary agreement has numerous purposes. Those purposes vary with the parties' will. The contrasted concept of preliminary agreement and its hybrid legal nature give rise to legal issues, such as interpretation, enforceability and liability. Those issues are differently tackled in French and American law.
The ambiguity of pre-agreements allows the French and American judges to play a decisive role in the interpretation of such agreements. In accordance with its definiteness and completeness, the pre-agreement may be considered as the final contract and binds the parties. Then, in case of non respect, the blameworthy party may be held liable, and courts may grant damages to the party who has suffered prejudice.

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Crombez, Valéry. "La doctrine en droit français et en common law : étude comparative." Lyon 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO33006.

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Il est pratique courante sinon systematique lorsqu'un enseignant francais developpe une notion de droit positif qu'il fasse appel aux opinions de la doctrine pour conforter ou nuancer les propos qu'il vient de tenir. La doctrine fait ainsi figure au regard du juriste francais d'autorite pesant sur la reflexion juridique. Elle est en quelque sorte incontournable. Qu'est-ce donc que cette entite posee telle une institution que nul ne songe jamais a definir precisement avant de l'evoquer ? pour peu qu'on entende, comme c'est le cas, entreprendre l'etude du concept de doctrine dans une perspective comparatiste, se revele alors pleinement la difficulte de definir la notion. Ainsi, contrairement a la france et a la majeure partie des systemes juridiques du continent, le systeme juridique anglais ne connait en apparence pas d'organe doctrinal. La litterature n'y dispose pas d'une autorite aussi importante. L'etude comparative ici engagee permet de depasser le stade des apparences et de refuter l'a priori au terme duquel la doctrine est un phenomene qui fait defaut outre-manche. Il existe bel et bien une notion de doctrine en angleterre qui tend a se rapprocher du concept francais. A son tour, la notion francaise de doctrine evolue aujourd'hui vers une conception plus anglo-saxonne des modes de creations du droit. Quelles que soient les formes de sa manifestation, la doctrine reste dans tous les systemes de droit, une institution indispensable a toute elaboration normative
It's a common practice, if not systematic, when a french law teacher develops a notion of law that he bases his opinions on doctrinal discussions and legal writings to reinforce or to moderate his precedent remarks. In the eyes of the french lawyer, legal writing is considered as an authority which has a large weigh on legal thinking. Jurisprudence seems to be a must in the elaboration of legal rules. What is this entity, laid as an institution, that none thinks to define exactly before mentioning it ? and if one wants, as it is the case, to study the concpet of jurisprudence in a comparative prospect, it reveals the difficulty to define the notion. Contrary to france and the majority of others judicial systems of the continent, the english legal system does not know apparently any "doctrinal" institution. English legal literature does not seem to have such an important authority in the elaboration of the law. Then, this comparative study allows to go beyond appearances and permits to deny the idea that jurisprudence is a phenomenon which does not exist in england. A certain notion of jurisprudence exists in england that is becoming next to the french idea of "doctrine". In his turn, the french concept of "la doctrine" moves to a more english conception of the creation of law. In conclusion, however the form of its manifestation and the authorities

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Ngwa-Tahmundungnji, Emmanuel. "The functioning of the criminal courts systems in England and France and its influence in Cameroon : a comparative study." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.242686.

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Ives, Robin. "The politics of publicity : the new science of political economy in eighteenth-century France." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367462.

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Xanthaki, Helen. "Secondary establishment of European Union public limited companies in France, Greece and Italy : breaches of European Community law and redress." Thesis, Durham University, 2000. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1202/.

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The thesis analyses the secondary establishment of foreign European Union public companies limited by shares in France, Greece and Italy. The conditions for the establishment of branches, agencies and subsidiaries in the three countries are presented. Their compliance with European Community law is evaluated. Although the formal conditions for the recognition and secondary establishment of foreign companies comply with European Community law, national legislative and administrative practices limit the activities allowed to foreign persons and violate their free establishment, as confirmed by the European Court of Justice. This proves the first hypothesis: the companies' freedom of establishment is still violated. The second hypothesis is that the persistence of France, Greece and Italy to continue these violations is mainly due to the lack of effective judicial protection for foreign companies suffering damages as a result. Judicial protection at the national level, in national judicial proceedings, even where the European Union principle of state liability is raised, is ineffective due to the privileges of the state in actions against it. In view of the currently minimal role that individuals may play in proceedings before the European Court of Justice, the only manner in which protection at the European Union level can be sought is through the Francovich scenario, which combines state liability and preliminary rulings from the European Court of Justice. The inefficiencies of national proceedings and the inherent problems of indirect actions before the European Court of Justice render the Francovich scenario inadequate for the protection of companies. This proves the second hypothesis. In the future a possible, yet untested, new interpretation of concurrent liability may allow companies to seek redress before the European Courts on the basis of concurrent liability between the breaching Member State and the Community for failure of the Commission to perform its supervisory duty.

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Dokhan, David. "Les limites du contrôle de la constitutionnalité des actes législatifs." Paris : LGDJ, 2001. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37640082c.

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Penfold, Ward Alexander. "Meeting of the Minds: The Franco-American Origins of Modern Comparative Law, 1900-1940." Thesis, Harvard University, 2013. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10966.

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This dissertation traces the development of a modern approach to comparative law that arose out of the fin-de-siècle critique of nineteenth-century legal thought in France and the United States. This critique undermined a mode of legal reasoning that assumed the common law and the civil code were internally-coherent and gapless systems of rules from which judges could logically deduce legal outcomes. As rapid social and economic changes swept across the Atlantic World, jurists influenced by reform movements sought to make the law more responsive to changing conditions, while also addressing the problem of legal indeterminacy posed by the critique of deduction. One group of jurists—including Raymond Saleilles, Édouard Lambert, Roscoe Pound, and John Wigmore—responded to these challenges by turning to comparative law. Because they could no longer pretend to access static legal concepts, these jurists worked to achieve stability by formulating the best legal solution for a particular time and place—replacing timeless Truth with the historicized, spatial truths of comparative law. Before the First World War, however, French and American comparativists struggled to get beyond the differences between the common law and the civil law. Unlike the social theorists of the day, whose transatlantic exchanges constituted a veritable marketplace of ideas, the comparativists of the Progressive Era and the Belle Époque held each other at arm’s length. This changed, however, when the Great War led to a profound realignment of intellectual affinities. As a result of the collateral damage suffered by Germany’s scientific reputation, French and American jurists turned to different sources for legal exchange—each other. During the interwar period, Franco-American jurists sought to achieve a rapprochement that would unite their laws in a “common law for the League of Nations.” This alliance finally bore fruit during two International Congresses of Comparative Law in the 1930s, but the intervening exchanges did not constitute a marketplace of ideas. Rather, they are best understood as a protracted contract negotiation over the terms of comparative law. Though the French and the Americans ultimately achieved a “meeting of the minds,” this outcome was far from certain when the century began.
History

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Wechs, Hatanaka Asako. "Mediation and intellectual property law : a European and comparative perspective." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAA008.

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Un mauvais arrangement vaut mieux qu’un bon procès, dit un adage. Ceci s’applique-t-il également au domaine de la propriété intellectuelle ? La médiation est une méthode de résolution des différends qui a le vent en poupe. Elle a fait l’objet d’une harmonisation en Europe par le biais de la directive 2008/52/CE du Parlement européen et du Conseil du 21 mai 2008 sur certains aspects de la médiation en matière civile et commerciale. Dans ce contexte, l’objectif de la thèse est d’analyser des fonctions exercées par la médiation ainsi que les limites de la médiation du point de vue du droit de la procédure civile, du droit des contrats et du droit de la propriété intellectuelle, et de présenter des propositions pour optimiser la médiation lorsqu'elle s’applique aux litiges concernant les droits de la propriété intellectuelle. L’étude porte sur de nombreux systèmes juridiques, institutions et prestataires de règlement des différends, en mettant l’accent sur l’Union européenne, la France et le Royaume-Uni
A bad compromise is better than a successful lawsuit, says an adage. Would this also applies to intellectual property disputes ? Mediation is a dispute resolution method, which is in vogue. It became subject to harmonisation in Europe under the Directive 2008/52/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 May 2008 on certain aspects of mediation in civil and commercial matters. In this context, the objective of the thesis is to analyse the functions performed by mediation as well as the limitations to mediate from the viewpoint of civil procedure law, contract law and intellectual property law and to present some proposals to optimise mediation to intellectual property law. A number of legal systems, institutions and dispute resolution providers will be covered with the focus on the European Union, France and the UK

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Abi, Chacra Charbel. "L'influence de l'évolution du gouvernment d'enterprise sur les dirigeants des sociétés : essai de droit comparé (France et Angleterre)." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=101811.

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The essence of running an enterprise which is defined as a system by which the companies are lead and compared is generally set in priority terms. For some, they favour in the first instance to secure the economic efficiency then to scope with the social problems at a later stage---'Shareholder model'. Others are inclined to consider that the priority lies into an environmental, sharing and caring society etc.---'Stakeholder model'.
Where the evolution of the corporate governance is going to lead to? And how does it affect the directors' responsibility?
After a thorough study of its European evolution in particular in France and England, we figure out that raising the black flag of the stakeholder theory will end up into an ideology completely false dislodging the concept of the natural reality around us. On the other side, claiming the predominance of the sole shareholder system will become a dangerous apprehension opposing the objective of this theory: In our perspective we see that the ultimate global wealth of the enterprise in the long run is closely linked to the consideration and the deep satisfaction of the needs and the interests of the different parties joining the enterprise.

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Keistine, Jacques-Olivier. "La revue Foelix (de 1834 à 1843). Un miroir allemand pour la science du Droit en France." Thesis, Paris Est, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PEST0058.

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Cabrillac, Rémy. "The new french law on contract." THĒMIS-Revista de Derecho, 2018. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/123873.

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The French Civil Code on contract law was not renewed since 1804, so law enforcement was questioned due to it was not adapted to the requirements in a globalized world, and the constant economic and socia lchanges. In this article, the author analyzes the implications of the reform of contract law in France, which was influenced by two drafts. This reform has two characteristic features, which are the economic and social needs. About the first point –the economic needs–, these are evident in the contractual organization and flexibility. On the second point –the social needs–, these are evident in the protection of the weaker party, and the application of the theory of improvidence. In this way, contract law adapts to the demands of the twenty-first century.
El derecho de los contratos del Código Civil francés no fue renovado desde 1804, por lo que su aplicación fue cuestionada al no poder adaptarse a las exigencias características de un mundo globalizado y acediado por constantes cambios económicos y sociales.En el presente artículo, el autor analiza las implicancias de la reforma del derecho de los contratos en Francia, el cual fue influenciado por dos anteproyectos. Dicha reforma contiene dos rasgos característicos que se manifiestan en las necesidades económicas y sociales de los contratos. Respecto al primer rasgo, este se evidencia en la organización y flexibilidad contractual; mientras que el segundo, en la protección a la parte más debil y la aplicación de la teoría de la imprevisión. De esta forma, el derecho de los contratos se adapta a las exigencias del siglo XXI.

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Dagot, Claire. "Recherche sur l'ordre concurrentiel du marché de l'électricité : comparaison France-Allemagne." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0307.

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L’achèvement du marché intérieur de l’électricité réside dans la construction effective d’un ordre concurrentiel. Le droit de la concurrence constitue, en principe, l’unique norme d’encadrement du marché. Or, les nombreux dysfonctionnements concurrentiels dévoilent un bilan contrasté de la libéralisation. Ces résultats sont imputés à l’existence et à l’introduction de règlementations nationales, à l’instar de la tarification, qui affectent la transition concurrentielle du marché. Vingt ans après la décision d’ouvrir le marché à la concurrence, il n’existe pas un marché de l’électricité mais des marchés de l’électricité. Des normes de régulation sont donc introduites, en tant que technique d’accompagnement du phénomène d’ouverture à la concurrence et instrument correctif aux différentes failles de marché. S’ensuit un droit de la régulation de l’électricité aux côtés d’un droit de la concurrence. Mais cette régulation résulte également d’impératifs exogènes et endogènes au marché. L’électricité n’est pas une marchandise comme les autres. L’essentialité du bien électrique et ses externalités environnementales induisent un encadrement spécifique du marché. La protection du consommateur, la protection de l’environnement et la sécurité d’approvisionnement sont donc régies par des normes de régulation, voire des règlementations, aux incidences sur la transition concurrentielle. Source de complexité et d’incohérences juridiques, la plurifonctionnalité de l’électricité affecte le projet d’un ordre strictement concurrentiel du marché
The completion of the internal electricity market depends on the effective construction of a competitive order. Competition law acts therefore as the sole market framework standard. However, the numerous competitive inefficiencies reveal a mixed record of liberalisation. These results are attributed to the existence and introduction of national regulations, such as pricing, which affect the competitive transition of the market. The electricity market is thus marked by a dispute between member states and the European Union. Twenty years after the decision was made to open the market to competition, there is not an electricity market but several electricity markets. Regulatory standards are therefore introduced to complement the opening to competition and fix the various market failures. Introduced ab initio as a transitional and supplementary law, the multiplication of regulatory standards and the enhancement of their scope of application give them a market framework role. This creates a regulation law alongside competition law on the electricity market. But this regulation also results from exogenous and endogenous imperatives to the market. Electricity is not a commodity like others. The essentiality of the electric good and its environmental externalities shape a specific market framework. Consumer protection, environmental protection and security of supply are therefore governed by regulatory standards, or even regulations, which have an impact on the competitive transition. The electricity market is thus confronted with many legal inconsistencies. The multifunctionality of electricity affects the project of a strictly competitive market order

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Fehr, Stephanie Simone. "Religious discrimination in employment : a comparative analysis of the law in the UK, France and Germany, with reference to international and supranational law." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/religious-discrimination-in-employment--a-comparative-analysis-of-the-law-in-the-uk-france-and-germany-with-reference-to-international-and-supranational-law(8e48aa3c-2233-4169-8dec-4d8436ebe43d).html.

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This thesis analyses religious discrimination in employment, using an applied comparison of the law in the UK, France and Germany. To this end, the thesis first explores national church-state relations, establishing potential links to religious discrimination at work. The investigation then moves on to the standards set by the Council of Europe and the European Union, against which the law in the UK, France and Germany will be measured against. The final chapter brings together the findings in an overall comparison of the national law, with particular emphasis on the role of church-state relations and impact on religious minorities. The original contribution of this thesis to knowledge lies in the assessment of the topic in the context of three jurisdictions, its interconnectedness with the ECHR and EU frameworks, using the framework of church-state relations. The thesis reveals and explains similarities and differences between the law in the three jurisdictions, as well as the effects on employees practising their religion and underlying attitudes that formed the law. After identifying substantive neutrality as a promising characteristic of church-state models, it was set as a benchmark for assessment throughout the thesis. Themes emerging from the research reflect significant differences regarding religious discrimination in employment in the UK, France and Germany. Particularly striking is the arguably deliberate targeting of, and clearly detrimental impact on religious minorities by means of indirectly discriminating law in France and Germany, as well as some directly discriminating provisions that were enacted in the course of the German ‘headscarf debate’. It is suggested, accordingly, that stereotypical assumptions about ‘otherness’ have influenced legislation, as well as case law, using church-state relations to underscore the decisive arguments. Due to its largely hypothetical nature, the assessment of the domestic laws’ compatibility with European international and supranational legal frameworks result in a number of cautious predictions. Widespread compliance appears fairly likely in relation to the law in the UK, whereas French and German law can be challenged in several regards. Finally, this research contributes proposals aiming at effective solutions for a variety of religious discrimination scenarios pertinent in the UK, French and German work environments.

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Alavi, Alexandre. "Le secret bancaire. Etude de droit comparé (France-Suisse)." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC0047.

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Si le secret bancaire helvétique fait régulièrement l'objet de virulentes critiques et attaques sur le plan de la scène politique internationale, à chaque crise, un constat s'impose : son étendue ne cesse de réduire. Accusé de favoriser le blanchiment de capitaux, l'évasion fiscale ainsi que le financement du terrorisme, les pressions internationales provenant à la fois de pays étrangers (Etats-Unis, France, etc.) et d’instances internationales (l’Organisation de Coopération et de Développement Économiques-O.C.D.E., le Groupe d’Action financière-G.A.F.I, etc.). ont mené les autorités helvétiques à encadrer le secret bancaire en multipliant les atteintes à ce secret. Ceci a pour effet d’affaiblir considérablement la portée du secret bancaire suisse. De fait, s’il y a encore quelques années, il était possible d’affirmer qu’il existe de réelles divergences entre les secrets bancaires français et suisse dans la mesure où le secret bancaire suisse était perçu comme un secret bancaire plus étendu que le secret bancaire français, cette situation semble désormais révolue. En effet, depuis la reconnaissance du secret bancaire suisse sur le plan législatif, les fondements juridiques sur lesquels reposent ce secret n’ont que très peu évolué, mais les nombreuses limites apportées au fil du temps à ce secret ont largement contribué à le vider de sa substance et à affaiblir sa portée, à tel point qu’il est désormais possible d’affirmer une réelle convergence entre les secrets bancaires français et suisse
While Swiss banking secrecy is regularly the subject of virulent criticism and attacks on the international political scene, it is necessary to note the extent of each crisis. Accused of facilitating money laundering, tax evasion and financing of terrorism, international pressures from both foreign countries (the United States, France, etc.) and international bodies (the Cooperation Organization And Economic Development-OECD, the Financial Action Task Force-FATF, etc.). Led the Swiss authorities to frame banking secrecy by multiplying the attacks on this secrecy. This has the effect of considerably weakening the scope of Swiss banking secrecy. Indeed, even a few years ago it was possible to say that there are real differences between the French and Swiss banking secrets in that Swiss banking secrecy was perceived as a wider banking secrecy than Banking secrecy, this situation now seems to be over. Since the recognition of Swiss banking secrecy at the legislative level, the legal basis for this secrecy has changed very little, but the many limitations that have been brought to the secrecy over time have largely contributed to its Its substance and to weaken its scope, so much so that it is now possible to affirm a real convergence between French and Swiss banking secrets

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BAUDREY, Xavier. "How to develop onshore wind farm projects in France under the new Grenelle 2 law." Thesis, KTH, Tillämpad termodynamik och kylteknik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-96706.

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With the rising global warming issue and an ever-increasing dependency oil problem, wind power seems to be an alternative source of energy which is clean, non-polluting, and cost effective. The European 20-20-20 goals as well as national targets for the next ten years require a substantial increase in installed renewable capacity in France. Maïa Eolis is a leading French wind project developer and independent renewable energy producer which helps France to meet its new renewable energy targets. Even if the general opinion on wind energy is rather positive, developing a wind power project is a complex process in France because there are many regulations and new environmental constraints due to the Grenelle 2 law. Many administrative and legislative barriers consequently slow down every step of the development process. This includes handling and coordinating the permitting and application process, realizing pre-feasibility studies, and identifying the best suited sites for wind turbines, taking into account obstacles, aesthetics, and other environmental issues, in order to capture as much wind as possible. Ensuring local support is another key element of the success of a project in order to integrate it in the best possible way in its environment.

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Andreeva, Androva Raïa. "Le regime de l'arbitrage dans les litiges de consommation en droit français /." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=81468.

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For some time now, Article 2061 of the French Civil Code had laid down the general principle that arbitration clauses were invalid. In 2001, an amendment to Article 2061 reversed the concept, so that the former principle became the exception and the law was made to favour arbitration. While the reform was a progressive step, it did leave some ambiguity especially concerning the consumer disputes. Arbitration is indeed a very convenient alternative dispute resolution method in this arena. The purpose of this thesis is to address some of the issues related to consumer disputes. It seeks to demonstrate that by adopting the concept of "inefficiency" of the arbitration clause, whose sanction depends on the will of the consumer, French law will not only reconcile its domestic provisions but also be in accordance with the other judicial systems.

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Bosseboeuf, Claire. "Les collectivités territoriales et leurs musées : Recherches sur le développement et les modalités de gestion et de gouvernance d’un service public local." Thesis, Paris 5, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA05D010/document.

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Lagarde, Pauline. "Le phénomène de contractualisation au sein de la fonction publique : Analyse comparée entre la France et l'Espagne." Thesis, Limoges, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIMO0114.

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Les administrations publiques utilisent de plus en plus fréquemment le contrat dans le cadre de la mise en œuvre de leurs politiques publiques, au détriment de l’acte unilatéral. La tendance qui se banalise est celle d’un usage de l’outil contractuel pour satisfaire à des besoins pourtant considérés comme traditionnels tels que le recrutement et la gestion des agents publics ; c’est le « phénomène de contractualisation ». Ce constat est plus flagrant en Espagne qu’en France où le contrat occupe une place prépondérante dans les relations professionnelles, car les administrations sont libres de choisir au cas par cas entre le recrutement par voie de concours ou par contrat. Pour en arriver au constat selon lequel ce phénomène se généralise au sein des fonctions publiques française et espagnole, il convient de revenir sur la double influence du droit de l’Union européenne et du droit du travail. En parallèle, les catégories d’agents non titulaires se sont multipliées ce qui conduit à s’interroger sur la nature juridique du contrat concerné, qu’il soit à durée déterminée ou indéterminée ; sur les droits et obligations des agents concernés ainsi que leur place vis-à-vis des fonctionnaires statutaires ; les incertitudes en cas de non renouvellement de contrat et la précarité engendrée par ces situations. Toutefois, normalement, c’est la réussite à un concours qui conditionne l’entrée dans la fonction publique, ce phénomène est donc dérogatoire au droit de la fonction publique. Il remet donc en question l’existence d’un « Statut » mais également, plus profondément, revient sur les fondements essentiels de la fonction publique. C’est ainsi que l’analyse comparée des systèmes des deux pays a pour objet de mettre en lumière les interrogations contemporaines qui bouleversent aujourd’hui la légitimité de l’institution de la fonction publique
Public administrations use contracts more frequently as part of the implementation of public policies at the expense of unilateral acts. This trend is becoming commonplace, the usage of contracts are to satisfy needs, but are considered traditional, such as for recruitment and the management of public officials; this is the "contracting phenomenon". This finding is more evident in Spain than in France where contracts occupy a prominent place in professional relations, authorities are free to decide case by case between recruitment by competition or by contract. To arrive at this observation: this phenomenon is widespread within the French and Spanish public functions, we should return to the double influence of the European Union laws and the labor law. In parallel, the number of non-permanent staff have increased which raises questions about the legal nature of the contract concerned, whether for a fixed or indefinite period; on the rights and obligations of the agent involved and their place against the statutory civil servants; uncertainties in case of non renewal ofcontracts and insecurity caused by these situations. However, it is the success in a national entry examination that determines the entry into public service; this phenomenon is not with holding the right of the public service. There are questions about the existence of a "status" but also, more profoundly, discussions about the essential foundations of public service. Therefore the comparative analysis of the systems used by both countries is to bring out contemporary questioning that upturns the legitimacy of the institution of the public service today

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Neyrat, Anna. "Le rapport du droit administratif national aux droits administratifs étrangers : les cas de la France et de l'Espagne." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0233/document.

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Les droits administratifs français et espagnol sont traditionnellement présentés comme des idéaux-types opposés dans leur rapport aux droits administratifs étrangers. Comme exportateur, le droit administratif français considère ses homologues étrangers comme un réceptacle de son influence ; comme importateur, le droit administratif espagnol les envisage comme source de son enrichissement. Si une telle présentation repose sur des raisons temporelles et culturelles qui ont fait du droit administratif français un modèle et du droit administratif espagnol un imitateur, et s’illustre par de nombreuses manifestations, elle se révèle être partiellement inexacte. Historiquement, elle est trop réductrice en envisageant l’exclusivité de ces deux postures. Elle est ensuite dépassée aujourd’hui, à l’heure de la globalisation, puisque les solutions juridiques circulent sans que l’on identifie clairement des exportateurs ou des importateurs. Cette recherche invite alors à poser un regard différent sur ces présupposés qui considèrent le droit administratif français comme un exportateur et le droit administratif espagnol comme un importateur
French and Spanish Administrative Laws are, traditionally, presented as two opposed “ideal-types”. Indeed, their relations to foreign Administrative Laws and their way to think these relations are deeply different. While French Administrative Law is viewed as understanding its foreign equivalents as recipients of its own influence, Spanish Administrative Law is seen as using them as a way to enrich its own representations. A such picture is induced by temporal and cultural reasons that make French administrative law a model for other administrative laws and Spanish one an imitator. This observation has many manifestations but is partially inaccurate . Historically, these two positions are too reductive. Moreover, nowadays, in a time of globalization a such affirmation is outdated. The increase of interactions between legal systems makes difficult to identify which concept is derived from which legal system. Hence, the purpose of this study is to view in a critical way the assumptions that make French administrative law an exporter and Spanish administrative law an importer

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Duque, Ayala Corina. "La politique publique d’éducation en France et en Colombie." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR40027/document.

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La première partie de la thèse est consacrée à une comparaison synchronique portant sur l’histoireet les fondements du droit à l’éducation, ainsi que sur les composantes du droit à l’éducation (disponibilité,accès, permanence, acceptabilité, adaptabilité et qualité de celle-ci) et la manière dont ils ont été traduits dansla législation interne actuelle. Les catégories d’analyse alors retenues nous ont plus précisément permis deréaliser en la matière une micro-comparaison, c’est-à-dire une comparaison portant sur les acteurs du systèmescolaire, leurs fonctions, leurs compétences, leurs obligations et garanties.La deuxième partie de la thèse est consacrée à une analyse de la nature et de la portée du droit à l´éducationdans les deux pays, ainsi qu’à sa consécration par la voie constitutionnelle, légale, jurisprudentielle, et grâceaux normes supranationales.La troisième partie de la thèse est consacrée à une comparaison de la transformation, au regard des évolutionsqui se produisent sur la scène globale, des institutions et des politiques publiques relatives dans chaque pays àl’éducation. Ceci a permis de comprendre le rôle des organismes internationaux dans la création de nouveauxréférentiels universels, et la manière dont ces derniers ont été incorporés dans les législations internes. Endernier lieu, il a été procédé à une analyse de l’évaluation des systèmes scolaires faite à partir des indicateursnéolibéraux, qui a permis de comparer l’organisation et la gestion des systèmes scolaires des deux pays.Les conclusions résultant de l'observation des deux systèmes juridiques ont abouti à mettre en exergue lesprincipes et fondements communs qui existent dans le monde occidental et qui ont facilité l’harmonisationsouple du droit public international relatif à l’éducation
The first part of this thesis is devoted to a synchronic comparison of the history and foundationsof the right to education, as well as the components of the right to education (availability, access, permanence,acceptability, adaptability and quality thereof) and how they have been translated into current nationallegislation. The categories of analysis used therefore have specifically made it possible to carry out a microcomparisonin this area, that is to say, a comparison of the stakeholders in the school system, their functions,powers, duties and guarantees.The second part of this thesis is devoted to an analysis of the nature and scope of the right to education in bothcountries, and how it has been enshrined by judicial, legal and constitutional means, and thanks tosupranational standards.The third part of this thesis is devoted to a comparison of the transformation, in the light of changes occurringin the global arena, of institutions and public policies in each country with respect to education. This hasmade it possible to understand the role of international organizations in creating new universal standards, andhow these standards have been incorporated into domestic legislation. Finally, an analysis of the evaluation ofschool systems based on neoliberal indicators has been undertaken, which has made it possible to compare theorganization and management of education systems of both countries.The findings resulting from the observation of both legal systems have led to highlight the common principlesand foundations that exist in the Western world and that have facilitated the flexible harmonization ofinternational public law on education

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Causse, Bernard. "La floraison des decimes dans la france du moyen age eglise, finance et royauté /." Paris : Aux Amateurs de livres, 1988. http://books.google.com/books?id=FQgwAAAAMAAJ.

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Soubise, Laurène. "Prosecutorial discretion and accountability : a comparative study of France and England and Wales." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2015. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/81689/.

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Tasked with enforcing the criminal law against suspected offenders, public prosecutors have traditionally enjoyed broad discretion, which is usually structured by legal and policy guidelines defining rules prosecutors should follow when making their decisions. Basing its analysis upon direct observations and interviews in the two jurisdictions under study, this comparative thesis endeavours to understand how the French and Anglo-Welsh criminal justice systems attempt to combine the necessities of accountability for public prosecution services in modern democratic societies with the flexibility and reactivity needed in the application of the law provided by prosecutorial discretion. There have been few systematic, empirical accounts of the decision-making process of these national prosecution services. This thesis argues that neither system observed achieves a satisfactory balance between accountability and discretion for public prosecutors. In France, although democratic and hierarchical accountability channels are well developed in theory, oversight is weak due to the primacy of the concept of ‘adaptation’ in the legal culture and the strong professional ethos of procureurs as independent judicial officers. In England and Wales, public prosecutors are part of a highly bureaucratic and centralised structure which strictly enforces consistency in prosecutorial decisions at the expense of much discretion and autonomy for individual prosecutors whose responsibility is limited to narrow and repetitive tasks due to the segmentation of the prosecution process. This overbearing accountability structure, coupled with a historical balance of power in favour of the police, appears to prevent prosecutors from making decisions perceived as unpopular with their hierarchy or the police. Finally, pressure on resources and a drive for efficiency in both jurisdictions have resulted in the bureaucratisation of the criminal justice process with part of the prosecution workload being delegated to unqualified staff and minor cases being processed as quickly as possible into a one-size-fits-all system.

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Perroud, Thomas. "La fonction contentieuse des autorités de régulation en France et au Royaume-Uni." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2011. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/51514/.

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Les systèmes juridiques des démocraties libérales reposaient traditionnellement sur une séparation nette entre les fonctions répressives, de règlement des litiges privés, et l’activité administrative. L’Administration devait alors faire appel au juge répressif pour sanctionner la non-application de ses règlements. Les litiges privés étaient, eux, du seul ressort des tribunaux civils. Ces deux digues, élaborées afin de contenir l’action de l’État et inspirées par l’idée que la séparation des fonctions est le meilleur garant des libertés publiques, ont successivement cédé et le droit administratif s’aventure à présent dans des domaines qui lui ont été longtemps interdits. La doctrine de droit administratif, après avoir résisté fermement et s’être opposée ouvertement à ces évolutions, a fini par se résigner à l’attribution d’un pouvoir répressif propre à l’Administration et accepte désormais que « Le temps est définitivement révolu où la solennité des audiences judiciaires pouvait seule conduire le citoyen au châtiment »2. Le juge pénal n’a plus désormais le monopole de la répression et l’Administration cumule dorénavant les pouvoirs de réglementation et de répression. Mais qu’en est-il du juge civil ? Il semble bien que l’ouverture à la concurrence des grands services publics ait amené une innovation dans notre droit administratif puisque le législateur a doté des autorités administratives du pouvoir de résoudre des litiges privés pouvant aller jusqu’à forcer une entreprise privée à contracter. Le bel ordonnancement du droit gagné à force de luttes contre le pouvoir royal le cède aujourd’hui à de nouveaux agencements qui confient de nouvelles prérogatives à l’Administration.

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Groppo, Mathilde. "The regulation of defamation of tort and criminal law : a comparative study of England and France." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2015. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-regulation-of-defamation-of-tort-and-criminal-law-a-comparative-study-of-england-and-france(726031ff-798a-489c-b130-7c0989259992).html.

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Groppo, Mathilde Alfrida. "The regulation of defamation in tort and criminal law : a comparative study of England and France." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2016. http://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-regulation-of-defamation-in-tort-and-criminal-law(8936505f-6821-44c2-be29-85319a20464e).html.

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Defamation is a complex topic, historically lying at the crossroads of tort and criminal law. In the current state of the law, various common law jurisdictions (including England) have abolished criminal defamation. By contrast, civil law jurisdictions approach defamation first and foremost as a criminal offence, although in many countries (including France), the claimant’s right is also civilly actionable. From a comparative perspective, this distinction supports a generally held view that the national particularisms of defamation laws reflect very different approaches to the protection of reputation. This thesis considers and challenges this view by critically examining the extent to which the nature of the regulation, tortious or criminal, influences the substantive content of the rules on defamation in England and France. It argues that the current regulatory features are the result of a haphazard historical development, rather than of a conscious choice. Thus, the distinction between tortious and criminal liability in England and France does not necessarily epitomise fundamentally irreconcilable conceptions of reputation. This suggests that the English and the French laws of defamation are comparable despite their different regulatory features. This is confirmed by studying key features of the law of defamation: standards of liability, the defence of truth and remedial aspects of the wrong. At first sight, their apparent differences seem to be justifiable on the basis of each system’s disparate regulatory features. Upon closer analysis of each of these features however, elements of commonality emerge. The English and French rules on fault are comparable and are underlined by a shared concern to promote media accountability, their treatment of truth is becoming analogous, and the remedial aspects of defamation are functionally comparable. The thesis concludes that despite substantive differences owing to the regulatory features of each system, England and France adopt a shared conceptual approach to the wrong of defamation.

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Acar, Thomas. "La réception de l’œuvre de Ronald Dworkin en France." Thesis, Paris 10, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA100139.

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La réception de l’œuvre de Ronald Dworkin en France constitue un objet énigmatique à plusieurs égards. Son étude suppose non seulement de dépasser les contraintes générales inhérentes à la réception transnationale d’une pensée, que les contraintes spécifiques, emportées par l’œuvre dworkinienne elle-même. Nous nous proposons de surmonter ces contraintes à l’aide d’une enquête méthodologique permettant de mettre en évidence le caractère relatif des concepts juridiques, et plus particulièrement des concepts d’œuvre et de réception. Ce préalable nous conduira à analyser pragmatiquement les phénomènes de réception de l’œuvre de Ronald Dworkin afin de montrer en quoi l’œuvre et la réception s’influencent réciproquement. Une telle analyse, entendue statiquement, permettra de classer la réception, suivant ses formes ou son contenu ; alors que, comprise dynamiquement, elle mettra en lumière les effets des discours de réception, sur l’œuvre dworkinienne elle-même, mais également sur son auditoire
The reception of Ronald Dworkin’s work in France is a complex issue. Several methodological questions arise before conducting its study. First, I point out the challenge offered by the difference between two intellectual and legal cultures. Then, I emphasize the particular concerns involved by Dworkin’s own theory. These preliminaries lead us to a pragmatic analysis of the reception of Dworkin’s work, eager to show the deep encroachments between the author’s work and its reception. On one side, such a method will enable to classify the reception, in accordance with, respectively, its form and its content. On the other side, it will bring to light the impacts of the reception on Ronald Dworkin’s work as well as on its audience

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Santuari, Alceste. "Freedom of association and limited liability versus state interference : business associations in England, France and Italy during the period 1800-1920; historical evolution and comparative outlines." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.308354.

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Gobert, Perle. "La genèse de la propriété industrielle en France." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0136/document.

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Le droit de la propriété industrielle peut apparaître comme un droit assez récent dans le pay-sage juridique français, mais ce présupposé n’est qu’un leurre. Sa présence est attestée dès le commencement des pratiques artistiques et artisanales pendant l’Antiquité. La prise de conscience de son existence et de son utilité au sein de la société a toutefois été exacerbée au XVIIIe siècle, notamment lors de la révolution française de 1789, moment de sa construc-tion et de sa reconnaissance juridiques.Le droit de la propriété industrielle, à partir des événements révolutionnaires devient en effet l’enjeu d’une élaboration aussi bien intellectuelle que juridique. De nombreux débats de la part des créateurs et inventeurs font rage auprès des institutions politiques afin que ce droit soit reconnu et normalisé. L’aboutissement de ces combats intellectuels, grâce aux multiples ré-flexions de la doctrine et de la jurisprudence transforme le droit de la propriété industriel en un droit normatif s’inscrivant dans l’ordonnancement juridique.Au-delà de cette organisation législative, le droit de la propriété industrielle est également le sujet de nombreuses interrogations quant aux circonstances politiques et économiques qui ont permis son éclosion. Le droit de la propriété industrielle se module selon l’ensemble des lois, des jurisprudences, de la doctrine, de la politique et de l’économie qui tente de lui donner des structures juridiques stables. Il s’affirme comme un droit protéiforme, dont la portée na-tionale relative aux inventeurs et aux créateurs dans la reconnaissance de leur droit, prend une dimension internationale, aspirant à organiser et harmoniser les relations économiques des Nations
: The right of the industrial property seems like a recent right in the French legal landscape, but this assumption is wrong. Its presence was confirmed as of the beginning of the artistic and artisanal practices during the Antiquity. The awakening of its existence and its utility wi-thin the company however was intensified at the XVIIIth century, in particular at the time of the French revolution of 1789, during the moment of its legal construction and its recognition.The right of the industrial property, starting from the revolutionary events became the chal-lenge of an intellectual development as well as a legal development. Many debates on behalf of the creators and inventors show rage regarding the political institutions, so that this right is acknowledged and standardized. The result of these intellectual combats, thanks to the mul-tiple reflections of the doctrines and jurisprudence transforms the patent right into a normative right falling under legal scheduling.Next to this legislative organization, the right of the industrial property is also the subject of many interrogations as for the political and economic circumstances, which allowed it's blos-soming. The right of the industrial property modulated according to the whole set of laws; ju-risprudences; the doctrines; politics and economics, tries to give him stable legal structures. He affirms himself as a protean right, whose national range relating to the inventors and the creators in the recognition of their right, takes an international dimension, trying to organize and harmonize the economic relations of the Nations

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Hou, Chunyan. "Le droit des déchets : étude comparatiste France - Chine." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLV132/document.

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Depuis des années, l’environnement est devenu une préoccupation importante, voire primordiale dans la vie quotidienne du monde entier. Aujourd’hui en France, les questions environnementales s’imposent comme un élément majeur dans les orientations stratégiques, dans les évolutions subies ou choisies de la société. La France est régulièrement citée parmi les pays les plus respectueux de l'environnement. Les perspectives environnementales en Chine sont en revanche plus inquiétantes, car le développement économique est caractérisé par une forte consommation de la matière première et des énergies, et une forte pollution. C’est pourquoi la politique de modernisation et de croissance économique mise en œuvre par les autorités chinoises intègre désormais la prise en considération des contraintes environnementales comme une de ses composantes majeures. La question des déchets est devenue au fil du temps de plus en plus problématique en raison notamment de leur augmentation considérable. Cependant, la prise de conscience de la nécessité d’une gestion efficace des déchets n’est apparue que tardivement dans les esprits. Le traitement des déchets fait partie des grands problèmes environnementaux auquel chaque pays doit faire face, et la situation ne s’améliore pas avec l’augmentation du niveau de vie en Chine. Face à l’augmentation de la production de déchets, le législateur français a instauré, dès 1975, les plans départementaux et régionaux de gestion des déchets, et encouragé leur valorisation au moyen de la promotion de la collecte sélective, du recyclage et de l’incinération avec récupération d’énergie. En octobre 1995, la Chine a adopté la loi sur la prévention de la pollution causée par des déchets solides afin de résoudre les problèmes qu’ils causent. Par l’examen des réglementations françaises et chinoises, le présent ouvrage a pour objectif de conduire une étude comparative des convergences et des divergences entre les régimes juridiques des déchets en France et en Chine, pour ce qui concerne d’une part le traitement des déchets s’agissant notamment de leur transformation et de leur destruction, et d’autre part la manière dont les polices administratives et l’ordre public régissent le commerce des déchets. En droit français, nous examinerons notamment les lois n° 75-633 du 15 juillet 1975 relative à l’élimination des déchets et à la récupération des matériaux et n° 76-663 du 19 juillet 1976 relative aux installations classées pour la protection de l’environnement. En droit chinois, nous examinerons plus particulièrement la loi sur la prévention de la pollution causée par des déchets solides, adoptée le 30 octobre 1995, la loi sur l'économie circulaire du 29 août 2008, ainsi que la loi relative à la promotion de la production propre du 29 juin 2002. L’économie circulaire est un nouveau mode de fonctionnement économique, mettant en œuvre les principes de la réduction, de la valorisation et de la diminution de nocivité des déchets. Ce nouveau mode de fonctionnement a été adopté par les deux législations, française et chinoise. L’étude comparative intéresse les grands principes qui y sont consacrés, ainsi que les mesures précises de mise en œuvre de ces deux systèmes. La coopération internationale en matière de droit des déchets en France et en Chine revêt également une grande importance. L’étude des règles au niveau international a porté sur les mouvements transfrontaliers et l’élimination des déchets dangereux pour la santé humaine et pour la protection de l’environnement. De nombreuses actions sont ainsi conduites pour améliorer, restaurer ou préserver l’environnement, et pour atténuer les atteintes qui lui sont imposées par les activités humaines
For years, the environment has become an important concern, if not a concern of paramount importance in everyday life worldwide. Today in France, ecological issues are emerging as a major element in the strategic guidelines in the losses or chosen company developments. France is regularly cited among the most environmentally friendly countries in the world. On the contrary, the environmental problems in China are alarming. Each year, the economic development is characterized by high consumption and high pollution. The policy of modernization and economic growth implemented by the Chinese authorities now includes consideration of environmental constraints as one of its main components. The issue of waste has become over time more and more problematic mainly because of their significant increase. However, awareness of the need for effective waste management only appeared late in minds. Waste treatment is one of the major environmental problems which each country in the world is facing, and the situation does not improve with the improvement of living standards. Faced with the increase in waste generation, the French legislator established in 1975 the county and regional waste management plans to encourage their recovery by means of the promotion of selective collection, recycling and incineration with energy recovery. In October 1995, China adopted a law on the prevention of pollution caused by solid waste in order to resolve the problems caused by waste. In the light of the French and Chinese regulations, this thesis aims at carrying out a comparative study of the similarities and differences in terms of waste management, namely the processing and destruction of waste and the administrative policies and public order governing trade in waste. As regards French law, we shall examine, namely, Law No 75-633 of 15 July 1975 on waste disposal and recovery of materials and Law n ° 76-663 of 19 July 1976 on classified installations for environmental protection. Concerning Chinese law, we shall examine the law on the prevention of pollution caused by solid waste was adopted on 30 October 1995; the Circular Economy Law of 29 August 2008; and the law on the promotion of clean production of 29 June 2002. Circular economy is a new mode of economic operation, implementing the principles of reduction and recovery of waste as well as the the reduction of waste harmfulness. This new mode was adopted by both the French and the Chinese laws. The comparative study focuses on the major principles and the adoption of specific measures for these two regulations. The international cooperation in terms of laws on waste in France and China is crucial. The study of the rules at international level on transboundary movements and disposal of hazardous waste has focused on human health and the environment. Many actions are performed to improve, restore or maintain the status of the various compartments of the environment and reduce the damages from human activities on the environment

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Rice, Melinda Carolyn. "A fool and his money culture and financial choice during the John Law affair of 1720 /." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1320943781&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Hedbor, Agnes. "La Procréation Médicalement Assistée : Une comparaison entre la Suède et la France." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-318516.

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Syftet med uppsatsen är att med hjälp av komparativ metod undersöka hur reglerna för assisterad befruktning är utformade i Frankrike och Sverige framförallt gällande tillträde till befruktning och föräldraskapserkännande, detta både för heterosexuella och homosexuella (kvinnor) par. De nationella regleringarna ställs mot ländernas internationella åtaganden för att undersöka huruvida dessa efterföljs. Gällande faderskap (även vid spermadonation) har länderna liknande reglering. När det gäller föräldraskapet i ett homosexuellt par måste den icke födande modern i Frankrike alltid adoptera, då insemination för homosexuella ej är tillåtet i landet. I Sverige måste adoption ske av den andra modern om inseminationen skett utomlands, något som fadern i ett heterosexuellt förhållande inte behöver, vilket kan innebära att Sverige i denna fråga riskerar att kunna dömas för diskriminering enligt EKMR. En väsentlig skillnad mellan de båda länderna är även att donatorn i Sverige alltid är känd (för barnet om hen önskar) och i Frankrike alltid anonym. I Sverige har detta faktum motiverats med principen om barnets bästa, en princip som inte är lika synlig och framträdande i den franska lagstiftningen.
By using the comparative method, the purpose of this thesis is to examine how the rules for medically assisted reproduction are designed in France and in Sweden, especially concerning the access and recognition of parenthood for both heterosexual and homosexual (female) couples. The national regulations are set against international commitments made by the countries in order to see whether these are respected. Regarding the paternity (even with a sperm donation) the countries have similar regulations. When it comes to parenthood in a homosexual couple the ”other” mom must always adopt in France, since insemination for homosexuals are not allowed. In Sweden the second mother must adopt if the insemination was made abroad, but a heterosexual man in a relationship must not – a difference that could be seen as discrimination under the ECHR. A significant difference between the two countries is also that the donor in Sweden is always known (if the child wants to know him) and in France always anonymous. In Sweden this is justified by the principle ”the best for the child” a principle that is not as visible and prominent in French law.

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Vieira, Amorim Verônica. "Les régimes de responsabilité pour les activités à risque en France et au Brésil." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAA016.

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La thèse a pour objet l’analyse des régimes de responsabilité concernant les activités à risque en France et au Brésil. La France a adopté un régime spécial quand le Brésil a, pour sa part, adopté un régime général. Nous avons privilégié une approche comparative entre les deux systèmes juridiques afin de permettre une meilleure compréhension du sujet. Nous avons analysé l’évolution dans les deux régimes dans chaque pays, soulignant l’influence du droit français sur le droit brésilien, mais sans pour autant ignorer les particularités de ce dernier, ainsi que les différences sociales et culturelles entre les deux droits. Nous ne pouvons pas en déduire la supériorité d’un régime sur l’autre. Cependant, la comparaison se révèle enrichissante et permet de mettre en lumière les réussites de chaque système
This thesis analyzes the tort law systems for risky activities in France and in Brazil. France has adopted a special system while Brazil a general one. A comparative approach is undertaken in relation to the two legal systems, allowing for a better understanding of the subject. Therefore, the evolution and the implementation of risky activities in both systems is considered, highlighting the influence of French law on Brazilian law, but without ignoring the particularities of the latter as well as the social and economic differences between the two countries. We cannot infer the superiority of one system over the other. However, the comparison is meaningful and can be used to highlight the successes of each system

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Schmitz-Thursam, Trevor Charles. "The Tumult of Amboise and the Importance of Historical Memory in Sixteenth-Century France." PDXScholar, 1994. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4789.

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Humanist legal scholarship was the catalyst to historical revolution that took place in sixteenth-century France. French philologists succeeded in demonstrating the cultural distinctiveness of France from a heretofore assumed classical heritage shared with ancient Rome. As a result, scholars sought to retrace the historical origins of France in the non-Roman Gauls and Franks. Their intensive study of the laws, customs and institutions that developed in France, as distinct from ancient Rome, transformed the understanding of the national past. Following the introduction of the principles of historical anachronism and cultural relativism, the sixteenth century witnessed a transformation of traditional perceptions of historical time. It was during this period when the historical myths, legends and traditions that comprised the cultural fabric of French society were called into question, were transformed, and emerged as new myths that spoke more directly to the crises of the French Religious Wars. The purpose of this study is to attach greater significance to the Tumult of Amboise of 1560 than has previously been afforded in the scholarship of this period. The Tumult of Amboise provide not only the impetus for the civil wars that were waged in France for nearly half a century, but also served as the catalyst for an first expression of Protestant resistance theory that was to change the face of political discourse in this period. The debate centered around the Tumult of Amboise set the stage for constitutional theories regarding the laws of succession and the role of the Estates-General that were dominate political discourse in the latter half of the sixteenth century. As political polemicists increasingly sought to reconstruct an image of the mythical French past, in order to demonstrate the ancientness of the French constitution, the historical fiction that developed around these efforts became a functioning political ideology that should be viewed as one of the first concerted expressions of French nationalism. In this regard, the recreation of the national past took on a patriotic dimension heretofore absent from traditional, chroniclesty led medieval histories and, in time, developed into a uniquely Gallican mythology that stood defiantly as a rival to the cultural heterodoxy of Rome. Further, the purpose of this study is to demonstrate the developmental nature of political discourse in this period. As the civil wars progressed, doctrines of constitutionalism and limited monarchy began to be laced with more abstract theories regarding the nature of political obligation and the responsibility of the ruler to his subjects. Employing a comparative analysis of discourse from the 1560's to the succession of Henri IV, it will be shown that the transformation of political propaganda was direct! y dependent on the historical memory of the participants, who engaged in an effort to frame the political and religious crises within the context of their perceptions of the past.

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Doyle, Charles James. "The judicial reaction in south-eastern France, 1794-1800." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1987. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:59cc347e-6a12-4540-8d81-65018e2170da.

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The thesis investigates and analyses the hitherto neglected phenomenon of political reaction within the judiciary of south-eastern France during the period between the Thermidorian Reaction and the advent of the Consulate. The character, objectives and effects of the 'reaction judiciaire1 are studied through a series of different perspectives. The first task is to highlight the discrepancy between the concepts of the social and political effects of a revamped judicial system formulated during the Year III and the corrupt abuse of judicial power by reactionary provincial judges. Indeed, the study constantly seeks to explore the conceptual as well as the practical damage inflicted on the Directorial regime by the supposed trustees of the post-Terrorist republican settlement. Emphasis is placed upon the collaboration between the southern judges and the counter-revolutionary elements within the local community, especially in the discussion of the origins of the judicial reaction. The changes of technique and of objective which the judiciary experienced are explored in full. It is described from its beginnings as a weapon of retribution for the aggrieved local community against the former agents of the Terror to its role in the subversion of regional jacobinism to its support for the period of unchecked counter-revolution during the Year V and finally to its function as a 'rearguard' defender of arrested counter- revolutionaries during the period of the Second Directory. In addition, due consideration is given to the motivation of individual judges who operated the reaction. It is hoped that the thesis has provided a model for the study of the causes, techniques and aims of political reaction from within an independent state power. Furthermore, it is hoped that the work is seminal in its suggestion that judicial reaction and its many ramifications had both a direct and indirect bearing upon the fall of the Directory.

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Bourekhoum, Ouahab. "Le droit au logement en France et en Italie." Phd thesis, Toulon, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00879793.

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L'homme n'habite plus vraiment, il s'abrite. Habiter exige une " part de monde " propre à l'individu afin que se réalise l'évènement de demeurer. Le droit au logement rend compte d'une exigence démocratique qu'il convient de prendre au sérieux au sein des sociétés française et italienne. Elle se manifeste inévitablement comme l'expression d'une certaine ouverture du droit positif au présent, le droit ne pouvant rester aveugle à ce qui l'entoure. L'individu questionne constamment ses ressources lorsque ces dernières ne suffisent pas ou plus à lui assurer une existence digne et se tourne le cas échéant vers la solidarité nationale afin d'y remédier. Il convient dès lors de s'interroger sur la consistance normative du droit au logement en droit comparé au regard de la convergence de ses sources internationales et nationales. Cet enrichissement donne corps à une mise en œuvre selon le principe de subsidiarité opérée par les acteurs les plus proches de la misère sociale à qui il revient en définitive de traduire la signification du droit au logement.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Lacunae in law – France'

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