Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Lactulose'
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1
Sahota, Surinder Singh. "The metabolism of lactulose by intestinal bacteria." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 1987. http://repository.royalholloway.ac.uk/items/b233ad63-a111-4eb6-95a0-4fce40b008d3/1/.
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About 60 strains of intestinal bacteria were cultured in lactulose-containing media to quantitate both sugar fermentation and non-gaseous end-products. Certain species of Clostridia (especially C. perfringens), lactobacilli and bacteroides utilised the disaccharide extensively, while other organisms were unable to metabolise this substrate, beta-Galactosidase activity did not parallel growth on lactulose in all cases. The major fermentation products were acetic, lactic and butyric acids. Hydrogen and carbon dioxide were the only gases qualitatively detected. Clostridial strains exhibited a butyric type fermentation, and most lactobacilli were homofermentative. Fermentation products were estimated for selected species throughout their growth cycles. The products of lactulose fermentation by mixed bacterial cultures varied with incubation conditions such as pH, but correlated well with those produced by pure cultures. Studies on lactulose transport by C. perfringens indicated 14 methodological limitations in assaying (C) lactose uptake and in the use of NADH-based procedures. o-Nitrophenyl O-D-galactopyranoside uptake by lactulose grown whole cells and an absence of phospho-beta-D-galactosidase suggested an active transport of the disaccharide. The inducible beta-galactosidase was partially purified and characterised fructose 1,6-bisphosphate inhibited enzyme activity by 26%, and lactulose or lactose hydrolysis required K ions. Galactokinase was inducible in galactose, lactulose or lactose grown cells. Fructose 1-phosphate kinase (FIPK) and fructose 6-phosphate kinase were detected in fructose grown cell-free extracts; FIPK was partially purified five-fold by affinity chromatography. The glucose effect was observed in C. perfringens grown on lactulose, and could not be eleviated by external cyclic AMP or dibutyryl cAMP. Assays for the cyclic nucleotide in lactulose grown cells and extracellular fluid were in the negative. This inhibition was not observed during growth on a mixture of lactulose with fructose, and co-utilisation of lactulose with galactose and lactose respectively was apparent.
2
Gimenez, Vidal Marc. "Isomérisation du lactose en lactulose par électro-activation." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29776/29776.pdf.
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Dans le présent travail, l’électro-isomérisation du lactose en lactulose a été étudiée. Les variables indépendantes mises à l’étude dans ce projet sont : 1) l’effet de la concentration du lactose (5 et 10%), l’effet de la densité du champ électrique appliqué au réacteur d’électro-activation (100 et 200 mA). L’électro-isomérisation du lactose à 5% a été également comparée à celle observée dans du lactosérum ayant une concentration de lactose 5%. Les variables réponse principales (variables dépendantes) mises à l’étude étaient le taux de conversion du lactose en lactulose, le taux de formation de sous-produits de la réaction et l'efficacité du procédé exprimée en termes de résistance électrique globale du système d’électro-activation. Une surface totale de l’aire cathodique de 21,5 cm2 a été utilisée, donnant ainsi des densités de courant électrique de 4,65 et 9,30 mA/cm2, respectivement. Les analyses statistiques des données obtenues ont montré que l’effet du temps d’électro-activation sur le taux d’électro-isomérisation du lactose (rendement de formation de lactulose) ainsi que la résistance électrique du réacteur électro-activation était significatif. Le processus d’électro-activation a été réalisé pendant 60 min et des échantillons ont été prélevés chaque 10 min. Les résultats obtenus ont montré la grande efficacité de l'électro-activation, en tant qu’approche novatrice, pour transformer le lactose en lactulose. Après 60 min d’électro-activation à température ambiante (23 1 C), 25% de rendement d’électro-isomérisation a été obtenu. En excluant le lactose, la pureté du produit final était de 96,28 0,18%. En outre, aucune formation d’epilactose n’a été observée. De façon non systématique, du galactose a été détecté dans certains échantillons (<1,5%) et seulement quelques traces de fructose ont été observées (<0,31%). La résistance électrique globale du réacteur d’électro-activation diminuait avec l’augmentation du temps d'électro-activation, indiquant une grande efficacité énergétique de cette nouvelle technologie d’isomérisation du lactose en lactulose.In the present work, electro-isomerization of lactose into lactulose has been studied. Effects of lactose concentration (5 and 10%) and applied DC-electric field (100 and 200 mA) on the electro-isomerization of lactose into lactulose and on process efficiency were investigated. Total cathode area of 21.5 cm2 was used; giving electric current density of 4.65 mA/cm2 and 9.30 mA/cm2, respectively. Milk whey permeate (4.7 0.15% lactose) obtained by ultrafiltration was also used as feed solution in the electro-activation reactor. The effect of processing time on lactose electro-isomerization rate (lactulose formation yield), by-product (glucose, galactose, epilactose and fructose) formation, and global electric resistance of the electro-activation reactor has been investigated. The process was run during 60 min and samples were taken every 10 min. Obtained results showed the high effectiveness of the developed electro-activation technology to convert lactose into lactulose. After 60 min electro-activation at ambient temperature (23 1 C), 25% electro-isomerisation yield was obtained. By excluding lactose, the end product purity was 96.28 0.18%, which is similar to the pharmakopoeia requirements for lactulose powder. Moreover, no epilactose was formed. Not systematically, galactose was detected in some samples (<1.5%) and only some traces of fructose were detected (<0.31%). The global electric resistance of the electro-activation reactor decreased as the electro-activation time was increased indicating the high energetic effectiveness of this new electro-isomerization technology.
3
Bird, S. P. "Nutritional and metabolic effects of lactulose and lactitol." Thesis, University of Reading, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.373828.
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Blanc, Pierre. "Efficacité du traitement par lactulose-néomycine dans l'encéphalopathie hépatique aigue͏̈ : étude randomisée en simple aveugle contre placebo." Montpellier 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON11105.
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Harouch, Jamal. "Meta-analyse du traitement de l'encéphalopathie hépatique chronique." Montpellier 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON11312.
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MARTINEAU, LAURE. "Valorisation du lactose par voie chimique : synthese du lactulose." Rennes 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989REN10033.
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Synthese du lactalose par isomerisation du lactose en milieu basique. Un procede de cristallisation du lactalose a ete mis au point. Apres isomerisation d'une partie lactospe contenue dans les permeats de lait, il est possible de reconstituer le lait par ajout des retentats d'ultrafiltration. Des essais en quart de grand, apres demineralisation partielle, permettent de penser que ces laits supporteront les traitements thermiques habituels
7
Andrews, G. R. "The lactulose content and colour of UHT and sterilized milks." Thesis, University of Reading, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.373754.
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Luginbühl, Martin. "Kulturelle Beeinfluss obligat und fakultativ anaerober Darmkeime durch Lactulose und Lactitol /." [S.l : s.n.], 1986. http://www.ub.unibe.ch/content/bibliotheken_sammlungen/sondersammlungen/dissen_bestellformular/index_ger.html.
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Pickard, Mark Richard. "The metabolism of lactulose by Clostridium perfringens in batch and continuous culture." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 1988. http://repository.royalholloway.ac.uk/items/d2446a6b-78f0-4aa9-a8ea-ff9fdc5ff6a0/1/.
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The aim of this project was to initiate studies on lactulose (4-O-[beta]-D-galactopyranosyl D-fructofuranose) metabolism by human intestinal bacteria. The organism of choice was Cl. perfringens, due to its rapid metabolism of the sugar. Work was conducted with cells grown anaerobically, in both batch and continuous culture. Use of the latter system permitted closer approximation of the in vivo situation. Initial work was concerned with the identification of the metabolic pathway(s) involved. Radiolabelled lactulose was not available, hence a variety of 'cold' procedures were employed; including fluorimetric determination of key metabolites, and assay of key enzymes. Growth in medium supplemented with lactulose resulted in the induction ofB-galactosidase, whereas phospho-B-galactosidase activity could not be detected. This suggested that lactulose was accumulated in the free form and that the first step in intracellular metabolism was hydrolysis to its constituent monosaccharides. This was confirmed by the detection of intracellular free galactose and fructose. The galactosyl moiety was found to be metabolised by the Leloir pathway: the enzymes galactokinase, galactose 1-phosphate uridylyl transferase and UDPgalactose 4-epimerase were present in lactulose-grown cells, and both galactose 1-phosphate and glucose 1-phosphate were detected. The fructosyl moiety was most likely metabolised by an ATP-dependent fructokinase activity, present in lactulose-grown cells. Measurement of lactulose utilisation in a buffered incubation system permitted the study of various transport system inhibitors. Utilisation was inhibited by both CCCP and DCCD, suggesting that transport requires a proton gradient; formed by the action of the membrane-bound ATPase activity. The presence of a proton gradient-dependent uptake system is consistent with the findings from the metabolic studies. A similar metabolic system was responsible for lactulose metabolism under conditions of carbon limitation in the chemostat. Galactokinase was further studied. Basal levels of this enzyme were repressed by inclusion of glucose in the culture medium. Glucose also prevented induction of galactokinase by lactulose or galactose. This latter 'glucose effect' could not be abolished by the addition of cyclic AMP, and appeared to be mediated via inducer exclusion.
10
Wyss, André. "Wirkung von Lactulose und Lactitol auf pH, Ammoniakkonzentration und Gesamtkeimzahl in Stuhlsuspensionen /." [S.l : s.n.], 1987. http://www.ub.unibe.ch/content/bibliotheken_sammlungen/sondersammlungen/dissen_bestellformular/index_ger.html.
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11
Allagui, Molka. "Contribution au développement d'un procédé pour la neutralisation du lactosérum électro-activé in situ du réacteur par un mode électrolytique." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/70317.
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L'électro-activation (EA) est une approche novatrice qui permet l'isomérisation du lactose en lactulose directement in situ du lactosérum. Cependant, le lactosérum électro-activé (LAEA) possède un pH hautement alcalin. Alors, l'objectif de ce travail est de contribuer au développement d'un procédé électrolytique pour la neutralisation du LA-EA. La détermination de l'effet des paramètres opératoires et physico-chimiques du milieu électro-activé sur la formation du lactulose a montré qu'un rendement maximum en lactulose de 34,71% est obtenu en utilisant une solution de lactosérum d'une concentration de 7% et 60 min de temps d'électro-activation sous une intensité du courant de 1000 mA après un temps de relaxation de 48 h. Trois configurations électrolytiques ont été étudiées pour la neutralisation de la solution du lactosérum: (1) en neutralisant avec l'anolyte généré dans le compartiment anodique; (2) en inversant les deux électrodes (cathode et anode) et (3) en introduisant le LA-EA dans le compartiment central du réacteur. Les résultats ont montré la faisabilité du processus d'électro-neutralisation. En effet, le pH de la solution a diminué soit en ajoutant des ions H+ (cas des configurations 1 et 2), ou en éliminant les ions OH- de la solution (cas de la configuration 3). De plus, il a été révélé que l'électro-neutralisation est ralentie lorsque (I) augmente pour les deux configurations 1 et 2, tandis que pour la configuration 3, elle est accélérée. Les résultats de l'évaluation de l'effet de ce processus sur les propriétés du LA-EA ont montré que la neutralisation de la solution après un temps de relaxation de 48 h n'a pas affecté la composition glucidique du LA-EA, notamment le lactulose. De plus, elle a permis d'améliorer les propriétés techno-fonctionnelles des poudres résultantes en particulier en termes de reconstitution instantanée.Electro activation (EA) is a novel approach that allows the isomerization of lactose to lactulose in situ from whey. However, electro-activated whey (LA-EA) has a highly alkaline pH. Therefore, the objective of this work is to contribute to the development of an electrolytic process for the neutralization of LA-EA. The determination of the effect of physico-chemical parameters on the formation of lactulose showed that the maximum lactulose yield (34.71%) is obtained for a feed concentration of 7% at 60 min of electro-activation, under a current intensity of 1000 mA after a relaxation time of 48 h. Three electrolytic configurations were studied for neutralization of the whey solution: (1) neutralizing with the anolyte generated at the anode compartment; (2) reversing the two electrodes (cathode and anode) and (3) introducing LA-EA into the central compartment of the reactor. The results showed the feasibility of the electro-neutralization process. Indeed, the pH of the solution decreased either by adding H+ ions (case of configurations 1 and 2), or by removing OH- ions from the solution (case of configuration 3). Furthermore, it was revealed that electro-neutralization is slowed down when (I) increases for both configurations 1 and 2, while for configuration 3, it is accelerated. The results of the evaluation of the effect of this process on the properties of LA-EA showed that the neutralization of the solution after a relaxation time of 48 h did not affect the carbohydrate composition of LA-EA, especially lactulose. Moreover, it improved the technofunctional properties of the resulting powder in particular in terms of instant reconstitution
12
Ngono, Mebenga Frédéric. "Investigations from experiments and simulations of amorphous forms of lactulose obtained by different routes." Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10213.
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Dans cette thèse, nous avons étudié l'influence de la voie d'amorphisation sur les propriétés physiques et chimiques du lactulose. Ce sucre présente la caractéristique de pouvoir exister sous plusieurs formes tautomériques différentes. Quatre voies d'amorphisation très différentes dans leur principe ont été étudiées: la trempe du liquide, la lyophilisation, l'atomisation et le broyage mécanique. Les résultats indiquent que la voie d'amorphisation utilisée a une répercussion directe sur la composition tautomérique du matériau. L'influence de cette composition sur la transition vitreuse du matériau amorphe a été étudiée en détail. De plus les différences structurales potentielles engendrés par les différentes voies d'amorphisation ont été étudiées à la fois par diffusion neutronique et par simulation (dynamique moléculaire). Les résultats indiquent l'existence d'une structure locale ordonnée particulière dans l’amorphe obtenu par atomisation qui semble pouvoir expliquer le degré de stabilité plus élevé de l'amorphe obtenu par cette voie. Par ailleurs, la cinétique d'amorphisation induite directement à l'état solide par d'un broyage mécanique à haute énergie a pu être caractérisée en détail. Cela a nécessité l'utilisation d'une méthode originale de calorimétrie de dissolution isothermeIn this thesis, we have investigated the influence of the amorphisation route on the physical and chemical properties of lactulose. This sugar has the characteristic of being able to exist in several different tautomeric forms. Four amorphisation routes very different in their principle have been studied: quenching from the melt, freeze-drying, spray-drying and mechanical milling. The results indicate that the amorphisation route used has a direct effect on the tautomeric composition of the material. The influence of this composition on the glass transition of the amorphous material has been studied in detail. Moreover, the eventual structural differences generated by the various amorphisation routes have been studied both by neutron scattering and by simulation (molecular dynamics). The results indicate the existence of a particular locally ordered structure in the amorphous material obtained by spray-drying which seems to be able to explain the higher degree of stability of the amorphous material obtained by this route. Furthermore, the amorphisation kinetic induced directly in the solid state by a high energy mechanical milling has been characterised in detail. This has required the use of an original method of isothermal calorimetry of dissolution
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Ngono, Mebenga Frédéric. "Investigations from experiments and simulations of amorphous forms of lactulose obtained by different routes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10213.
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Dans cette thèse, nous avons étudié l'influence de la voie d'amorphisation sur les propriétés physiques et chimiques du lactulose. Ce sucre présente la caractéristique de pouvoir exister sous plusieurs formes tautomériques différentes. Quatre voies d'amorphisation très différentes dans leur principe ont été étudiées: la trempe du liquide, la lyophilisation, l'atomisation et le broyage mécanique. Les résultats indiquent que la voie d'amorphisation utilisée a une répercussion directe sur la composition tautomérique du matériau. L'influence de cette composition sur la transition vitreuse du matériau amorphe a été étudiée en détail. De plus les différences structurales potentielles engendrés par les différentes voies d'amorphisation ont été étudiées à la fois par diffusion neutronique et par simulation (dynamique moléculaire). Les résultats indiquent l'existence d'une structure locale ordonnée particulière dans l’amorphe obtenu par atomisation qui semble pouvoir expliquer le degré de stabilité plus élevé de l'amorphe obtenu par cette voie. Par ailleurs, la cinétique d'amorphisation induite directement à l'état solide par d'un broyage mécanique à haute énergie a pu être caractérisée en détail. Cela a nécessité l'utilisation d'une méthode originale de calorimétrie de dissolution isothermeIn this thesis, we have investigated the influence of the amorphisation route on the physical and chemical properties of lactulose. This sugar has the characteristic of being able to exist in several different tautomeric forms. Four amorphisation routes very different in their principle have been studied: quenching from the melt, freeze-drying, spray-drying and mechanical milling. The results indicate that the amorphisation route used has a direct effect on the tautomeric composition of the material. The influence of this composition on the glass transition of the amorphous material has been studied in detail. Moreover, the eventual structural differences generated by the various amorphisation routes have been studied both by neutron scattering and by simulation (molecular dynamics). The results indicate the existence of a particular locally ordered structure in the amorphous material obtained by spray-drying which seems to be able to explain the higher degree of stability of the amorphous material obtained by this route. Furthermore, the amorphisation kinetic induced directly in the solid state by a high energy mechanical milling has been characterised in detail. This has required the use of an original method of isothermal calorimetry of dissolution
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Paseephol, Tatdao, and s3102901@student rmit edu au. "Characterisation of Prebiotic Compounds from Plant Sources and Food Industry Wastes: Inulin from Jerusalem Artichoke and Lactulose from Milk Concentration Permeate." RMIT University. Applied Sciences, 2008. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20081205.111622.
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The development of processes for the preparation of prebiotic compounds, namely inulin from tubers of Jerusalem artichoke (JA-Helianthus tuberosus L.), and lactulose from milk concentration permeate (MCP) was examined. Inulin was extracted from the whole JA tubers using hydrothermal extraction process, followed by clarification and concentration. The concentrate was fractionated using two different procedures i.e. ethanol fractionation and cold precipitation (+4 and/or -24C) into high- and low-molecular-weight components. The most satisfactory method was cold fractionation wherein the insoluble heavier inulin fractions were found to settle to the bottom and were separated and spray-dried to obtain inulin powder. Lactose in MCP was isomerised into lactulose using carbonate-based catalysts (oyster shell and egg shell powders) followed by clarification and concentration. The high-performance liquid chromatography with refractive index detector (HPLC-RID) chr omatograms and changes in pH and colour values confirmed the conversion of lactose into lactulose and decomposition of lactulose into by-products. The results obtained showed the suitability of oyster shell powder for lactose isomerisation in lieu of egg shell powder. For preparing lactulose-enriched MCP with acceptable lactulose yield of 22%, the optimum reaction conditions were found to be catalyst loading of 12 mg per mL of MCP and isomerisation time of 120 min at 96C. The resulting products i.e. JAI concentrate and powder and lactulose-enriched MCP syrup (40B) were tested for their prebiotic power in media broth and in fermented milk models. Prebiotic properties of these compounds were observed as supplementation levels increased from 0-2% to 3-4%. Based on the growth and acidification abilities of the probiotic strains tested, the combination of Lactobacillus casei LC-01 with JAI, and Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5 with lactulose-enriched MCP syrup were found to be the best for development of synbiotic yoghurt. The prebiotic effect of JAIP was then compared with the two commercial chicory inulin products (Raftiline GR and Raftilose P95). Probiotic yoghurts supplemented with 4% inulin powders were prepared from reconstituted skim milk using mixed cultures of Lactobacillus casei LC-01, Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus (1:0.5:0.5, w/w). The survival and acidifying activity of probiotic and lactic acid cultures were investiga ted during the shelf life of 28 days at 4C. Incorporation of JAIP and chicory inulins resulted in a significant improvement in viability of LC-01 compared with non-supplemented yoghurt, maintaining more than 107 CFU g-1 throughout storage time. Additionally, the suitability of JAIP as fat replacer was determined in a set of fat-free yoghurt in comparison to three commercial chicory inulin products. Results of large deformation tests revealed that the firmness of JAIP-supplemented yoghurt was reduced to a similar level as the full-fat control yoghurt. However, small deformation results showed that the JAIP could not fully mimic milk fat to the same extent as Raftiline HP with an average DP of 23. The rheological effects of JAIP addition were comparable to those of short-chain (Raftilose P95 with an average DP of 4) and medium-chain inulins (Raftiline® GR with an average DP of 12).
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Nguyen, Tat Toai. "Contribution à l'utilisation du lactulose comme additif fonctionnel dans la fabrication de pain riche en son de blé." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25546.
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Ce projet a démontré la faisabilité de fabrication de pain à base de farine riche en son de blé additionnée de lactulose jusqu'à 5%. La pâte enrichie de lactulose est caractérisée par une acidité titrable légèrement inférieure au témoin. Ceci est attribuable à l'incapacité des levures à fermenter le lactulose. La cuisson a montré que l'ajout de lactulose à la formule de pain à un niveau allant jusqu'à 5% n'a pas d'incidence négative sur la qualité du pain. L'évaluation visuelle et sensorielle a montré que l'ajout de 5% de lactulose à la formulation de pain de blé ne modifie pas le profil de texture du produit. La structure de la mie du pain témoin est légèrement plus poreuse que celle du pain additionné de lactulose à 5%. Le volume massique du pain est également plus faible, ce qui indique que des changements de texture se sont produits, mais restent acceptables.
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Isik, Kemal. "Untersuchungen zur präbiotischen Wirkung von Lactulose auf die Mikroflora des Magen-Darm-Traktes von Sauen im peripartalen Zeitraum." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2005. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-33959.
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Santana, Eliete Souza. "Inoculação experimental de Salmonella Enteritidis em perus e controle da infecção com o uso da lactulose na dieta." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/4242.
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Three experiments were performed aiming to elucidate aspects concerning the pathogenesis, clinical, pathological and immunological changes in turkeys inoculated with Salmonella Enteritidis, as well as the control and performace variables, with the use of lactulose. Experiment 1 consisted of three treatments and a control group. A second group inoculated with 6.0x102 CFU/mL and a third one inoculated with 7.0x105 CFU/mL of Salmonella Enteritidis. Within 1, 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24, and three, four, 38 and 49 days post-inoculation, two birds per treatment were sacrificed and vitelline sacs, spleen, bursa of Fabricius and ceca were coleted for Salmonella research, lymphocytes levels, and immunohistochemistry. The pathogen was isolated in organs studied in both tests and the lymphocytes levels decreased. Was observed that the dose influences the penetration, dissemination, and persistence of the pathogen elimination in turkeys. In Experiment 2, 160 turkeys were distributed into four treatments within 6.0x102CFU/mL, 7.0x105 CFU/mL, 8.0x109 CFU/mL of Salmonella Enteritidis and a control group. With 1, 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 and three, four, 38 and 49 days were sampled blood, liver, spleen and bursa of Fabricius of two birds per treatment for electrophoretic, bacteriological and histopathological analysis, and also lymphocyte levels. There were differences in total serum protein data, as well as in bacterial isolation and tissue changes from 6 hours to 4 days before. The decrease of lymphocytes levels were registered from 3 hours post-inoculation. High mortality levels were observed in all groups in the first week, of which the main clinical and histopathological changes, as well the mortality levels were more evident in the group that received the highest dose. Was observed that serum proteins values, liver histopathological lesions, and decrease of lymphocytes levels occurs primarily in the first days post-infection. Experiment 3 consisted of 280 turkeys distributed in four treatments: placebo, control of lactulose; inoculated with 7.0x105 UFC/mL of Salmonella Enteritidis and inoculated with 7.0x105 UFC/mL of Salmonella Enteritidis and treated with lactulose. At seven, 21, 42 and 60 days were performed analisis of accomplishment. One bird of each quota was sacrificed and collected duodenum and jejunum from each for histomorphometric analysis, and ceca and inglúvios for enumerations of Enterobacteriaceae, Lactobacillus, Salmonella, pH measurements and biometric examination of intestines. Still, were collected liver, spleen, bursa of Fabricius and the gastrointestinal tract for bacteriological, histopathological, lymphocyte levels, and biometric examination. Were observed a lower weight gain in the group that received only the pathogen and increased only in patients that receiving lactulose. Were observed a higher correlation villous: crypt in the duodenum and jejunum of lactulose and placebo groups at seven and 21 days. Higher levels of UFC of Lactobacillus and Enterobacteriaceae were observed in the groups that receivied lactulose. Salmonella Enteritidis infections determine histopatological changes, decrease of lymphocyte levels and mortality. Lactulose increases beneficial bacteria, reduces the colonization of Salmonella, Promotes intestinal development and improved the animal performance, minimizes lymphocyte and tissue changes, reducing mortality and carrier state.
Foram desenvolvidos três experimentos com os objetivos de elucidar aspectos que envolvem a patogênese, clínica, alterações anatomopatológicas e imunológicas, bem como o controle com uso da lactulose e nas variáveis de desempenho de perus inoculados experimentalmente com Salmonella Enteritidis. Experimento 1 foi constituido de três tratamentos, sendo um grupo controle, um grupo inoculado com 6,0x102 UFC/mL e o terceiro inoculado com 7,0x105 UFC/mL de Salmonella Enteritidis. Com 1, 3, 6, 12, 18 e 24h e com três, quatro, 38 e 49 dias pós-inoculação, duas aves por tratamento foram sacrificadas e coletados sacos vitelínicos, baços, bursas de Fabricius e cecos, para pesquisa da Salmonella, contagem de linfócitos e imunoistoquímica. O patógeno foi identificado nos órgãos estudados em ambos os testes utilizados e o número de linfócitos foi reduzido. Em perus observou-se que a dose influencia a penetração, disseminação, eliminação e persistência do patógeno nos perus. No experimento 2 foram utilizados 160 perus, distribuidos em quatro tratamentos que receberam 6,0x102UFC/mL, 7,0x105 UFC/mL, 8,0x109 UFC/mL de Salmonella Enteritidis e um grupo controle. Com 1, 3, 6, 12, 18 e 24h e aos três, quatro, 38 e 49 dias foram coletados sangue, fígado, baço e bursa de Fabricius de duas aves por tratamento para análises eletroforéticas, bacteriológicas e histopatológicas e contagem de linfócitos, respectivamente. Houve diferença nos dados de proteínas séricas totais, assim como no isolamento bacteriano e nas alterações teciduais a partir de 6h até quatro dias. As depleções de linfócitos foram registradas a partir de 3h pós-inoculação. A mortalidade observada foi alta em todos os grupos na primeira semana, sendo que as principais alterações clínicas, histopatológicas e mortalidade foram mais evidentes no grupo que recebeu a maior dose. Verificou-se que os valores de proteínas séricas, lesões histopatológicas no fígado, bem como depleção de linfócitos ocorre principalmente nos primeiros dias pós-infecção. O Experimento 3 constituiu-se de 280 perus distribuídos em quatro tratamentos: placebo; controle da lactulose; inoculados com 7,0x105 UFC/mL e inoculados com 7,0x105 UFC/mL de Salmonella Enteritidis e tratados com a lactulose. Aos sete, 21, 42 e 60 dias foram realizadas análises de desempenho e uma ave de cada parcela foi sacrificada para coleta de duodenos e jejunos para análises histomorfométricas, inglúvios e cecos para enumerações de Enterobacteriaceae, Lactobacillus e Salmonella, aferições de pH e biometria de intestinos delgados e grossos. Ainda, foram coletados o fígado, baço, bursa de Fabricius e trato gastrintestinal, para análises bacteriológicas, histopatológicas, contagem de linfócitos, e exames biométricos. Observou-se, menor ganho de peso no grupo que recebeu somente o patógeno e maior no que recebeu somente a lactulose. Verificaram-se maiores relações vilos: criptas nos duodenos e jejunos dos grupos placebo e da lactulose aos sete e aos 21 dias. Maiores quantidades de unidades formadoras de colônias de Enterobacteriaceae e Lactobacillus foram observadas nos grupos que receberam a lactulose. Salmonella Enteritidis determina alterações histopatológicas e depleções linfocitárias e mortalidade. A lactulose aumenta bactérias benéficas, reduz a colonização de Salmonella, promove maior desenvolvimento intestinal e melhor desempenho, minimiza alterações teciduais e linfocitárias, reduzindo a mortalidade e o estado de portador.
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PEREIRA, Juliana de Abreu. "Avalia??o cl?nica e laboratorial do tratamento com lactulose de c?es com doen?a renal cr?nica." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2017. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/2227.
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CAPES
Prebiotics, such as lactulosis, may favor the switch on the fermentative pattern of the colonic microbiota from proteolytic to saccharolytic, which allows bigger assimilation of nitrogenous compounds by the microrganisms of the colon. The present study aimed to evaluate, in dogs with CKD, the effect of the continued orally use of lactulosis over the nitrogenous compounds metabolisms?, the iron metabolism and on serum levels of albumin, magnesium, calcium and phosphorus. Twenty-one animals with CKD in IRIS II and III stages, under normal handling and feeding, were clinically and laboratorially evaluated by a 28 days period; divided in three groups according to treatment: T1 ? lactulosis + therapeutic diet, T2 ? lactulosis + standard treatment + therapeutic diet, T3 ? standard treatment + therapeutic diet . For the three groups (T1, T2 and T3), clinical parameters indicated anaemia and body score from regular to bad, according to the disease?s degree, during the hole treatment. The haematological and biochemical?s averages are consistent with common laboratorial findings in nephrophatic patients, with high levels of urea and creatinine; and low leves of haematocrit. For all the evaluated parameters in this study, the averages? variations during the period didn?t show any significant difference between times and treatments, with the exception of the calcemia averages that were greater for T1 group; which may indicate that for this animals? group the monotherapy with lactulosis could have increased the absorption of this mineral in those patients. With regard to iron metabolism, this study?s data revealed that the anaemia found in the dogs throughout the experimental period presented chronicity features, since the groups? means remained within the iron and transferrin references, besides high ferritin averages, without significant differences between groups and moments. The obtained data allowed to conclude that there was no difference between the proposed treatments in relation to clinical state and the biochemical and mineral profiles, such as iron metabolism; which justifies that the action mechanisms of prebiotics in nephrophatic patients should be evaluated with more details.
Prebi?ticos, como a lactulose, podem favorecer a altera??o do padr?o fermentativo da microbiota col?nica de proteol?tico para sacarol?tico; o que possibilita maior assimila??o de compostos nitrogenados pelos microrganismos do c?lon. O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar, em c?es com DRC, o efeito da utiliza??o continuada de lactulose por via oral, sobre o metabolismo de compostos nitrogenados; o metabolismo do ferro, e sobre as concentra??es s?ricas de albumina, magn?sio, c?lcio e f?sforo. Vinte e um animais portadores de DRC em est?gios IRIS II e III, com manejo e alimenta??o normais, foram avaliados clinicamente e laboratorialmente por um per?odo de 28 dias; divididos em tr?s grupos conforme o tratamento: T1 ? lactulose + ra??o terap?utica, T2 ? lactulose + tratamento convencional + ra??o terap?utica, T3 ? tratamento convencional + ra??o terap?utica. Para os tr?s grupos (T1, T2 e T3), os par?metros cl?nicos foram indicativos de anemia e escore corporal de regular a ruim, de acordo com o grau da enfermidade, ao longo de todo tratamento. As m?dias dos par?metros hematol?gicos e bioqu?micos s?o condizentes com achados laboratoriais comuns em nefropatas; com elevados valores de ureia e creatinina e valores decrescidos de hemat?crito. Para todos os par?metros as varia??es durante o per?odo n?o apresentaram diferen?a significativa entre os tempos e tratamentos, ? exce??o das m?dias de calcemia que foram maiores para o grupo T1; o que pode indicar que para os animais deste grupo a monoterapia com lactulose pode ter aumentado a absor??o deste mineral. Com rela??o ao metabolismo de ferro, os dados revelaram que a anemia encontrada nos c?es em todo o per?odo experimental apresentou caracter?sticas de cronicidade, uma vez que as m?dias dos grupos permaneceram dentro dos intervalos de refer?ncia para ferro e transferrina; al?m de m?dias elevadas de ferritina, sem diferen?as significativas entre grupos e momentos. Os dados obtidos permitiram concluir que n?o houve diferen?a entre os tratamentos propostos com rela??o ao estado cl?nico e aos perfis bioqu?micos e minerais, bem como ao metabolismo de ferro; o que justifica que os mecanismos de a??o dos prebi?ticos em nefropatas devem ser avaliados com maiores detalhes.
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Zimmer, Fernanda Caspers. "Reaproveitamento da lactose presente em permeado de soro de leite bovino em pó para estudo da síntese de lactulose." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2015. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1543.
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Dissertação composta por 2 artigos.Capes
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O soro lácteo é produzido pela indústria de laticínios durante a fabricação de queijos. Contém aproximadamente 80% da lactose original além de minerais, vitaminas, aminoácidos livres, peptídeos e outros compostos de baixo peso molecular. Porém, muitas indústrias ainda consideram o soro como um efluente, o qual quando não devidamente tratado gera um sério problema ambiental por causa de sua elevada carga orgânica. Estes fatores tornam importante o desenvolvimento de alternativas para um adequado aproveitamento do soro, porque ao mesmo tempo em que a transformação do soro em produtos diversos diminui o problema ambiental, proporciona ganhos às indústrias de laticínios, através do desenvolvimento de novos produtos. Uma técnica bastante vantajosa para reaproveitamento do soro é o processo de ultrafiltração, para a obtenção do concentrado proteico do soro do leite, um produto bastante valorizado na indústria alimentícia. Este processo gera outro coproduto, o permeado do soro do leite, que é rico em lactose, a qual pode ser convertida em lactulose, um prebiótico, capaz de ser metabolizado no intestino grosso por bactérias probióticas. Este trabalho teve como objetivo principal otimizar um método de síntese para a produção de lactulose a partir do permeado do soro de leite bovino. A metodologia de superfície de resposta foi utilizada para investigar o efeito de dois parâmetros (tempo e isomerizante) na isomerização da lactose do permeado de soro para a produção lactulose. A experimentação teve como objetivo definir as faixas ótimas de operação para as variáveis do processo, visando o melhor rendimento da lactose. Os resultados demonstraram que o fator isomerizante foi o mais significativo, e a utilização do ácido bórico para este fim contribuiu positivamente para aumentar o rendimento, enquanto que o efeito tempo não foi significativo, mas indicou que um aumento no tempo de reação influencia negativamente na resposta. A partir da pesquisa, verificou-se ser possível o processo de isomerização do permeado de soro de leite para a obtenção da lactulose, a qual tem uma grande aplicação na indústria alimentícia e farmacêutica, sendo também uma alternativa viável para a problemática do meio ambiente.
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Penhavel, Felix André Sanches. "Avaliação do tempo de trânsito orocecal e da absorção de lactose e D- xilose em pacientes chagásicos constipados ou não e com e sem megacólon." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/4584.
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American Tripanosomiasis is one of the most prevalente tropical disease in Latin America. One third of brazilian territory is considered endemic for Chagas disease. Vectorial transmission is not complitely interrupted. In Central Brazil, specially Goiás State, digestive forms with megasyndormes have a high frequence. The involvement of small bowel has been discribed with functional disturbances. Patients with acquired megacolon may have normal bowel movements or long lasting constipation. Until now the influence of small bowel on the frequence of bowel movements is not clear. This prospective study addressed the small bowel motility measuring the orocecal transit time (OCTT) and the occurence of small bowel intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) by hydrogen breath test. 45 patients with positive serology for Chagas disease were divided into four groups: A – without megacolon and no constipation (17); B – with megacolon and no constipation (8); C – with megacolon and constipation (10) and D – without megacolon and constipation (10). Constipation was defined by at least 7 days without bowel movements. 15 healthy volunteers were taken as a control group (CG). Non hydrogen producers: 10/45 patients and 1/15 controls. The OCTT (medium time in minutes) was longer in patients than in controls: A=108.18, B=108.0, C=112.5, D=130.0 and CG=68.46. Patients together showed difference compared to controls (P=0.001). No difference was found among groups (P>0.05). The prevalence of SIBO was: 66.7% in constipated patients (C and D), 25% in non constipated patients (A and B) and 8.3% in controls. Significant statistical difference was found only comparing constipated patients and controls (P=0.017). The presence of megacolon did not show influence the frequence of SIBO (P=0.181). Lactose and D-xylose malabsorption was higher in controls. The number of patients with symptoms during the test was the same for chagasic and controls independently of the test result. Patients with Chagas disease have a prolonged OCTT and those with constipation showed a higher prevalence of SIBO and both factors are not related to megacolon. Chagasic patients showed a less frequency of lactose and D- xylose malabsorption.
A Tripanossomíase Americana é uma das doenças tropicais mais prevalentes na América Latina. Mais de um terço do território brasileiro é área endêmica, e a transmissão vetorial ainda não se interrompeu em todos os estados. Em Goiás, as megassíndromes do tubo digestivo são muito frequentes. O comprometimento do tubo digestivo não se restringe à víscera dilatada e alterações funcionais têm sido descritas no intestino delgado. O objetivo geral deste estudo foi investigar alterações de motilidade e de absorção de carboidratos no intestino delgado de pacientes chagásicos com e sem constipação e megacólon. Avaliou-se 45 pacientes com sorologia positiva para doença de Chagas, divididos em quatro grupos: A - sem constipação, sem megacólon (17); B - sem constipação, com megacólon (8); C - com constipação, com megacólon (10) e D - com constipação, sem megacólon (10). Quinze voluntários sadios foram usados como controles (GC). Todos os pacientes e controles realizaram três testes respiratórios com os substratos: lactulose, lactose e D-xilose. Identificou-se não produção de hidrogênio em 10 pacientes e um controle. O tempo de trânsito orocecal (TTOC) (média em minutos) foi maior nos pacientes do que nos controles: A=108,18; B=108,0; C=112,5; D=130,0 e GC=68,46 (P=0,001). Não houve diferença no TTOC entre os grupos de pacientes (P<0,05). A prevalência de supercrescimento bacteriano no intestino delgado (SBID) foi de 66,7% nos pacientes constipados (C e D), 25% nos não constipados (A e B) e de 8,3% nos controles (P=0,017). A presença de megacólon não influenciou a frequência de SBID (P=0,181). A má absorção de lactose foi maior entre os controles. O número de pacientes que apresentava sintomas ou não durante o teste da lactose foi igual para pacientes e controles, independentemente do resultado do teste. A má absorção de D-xilose foi mais frequente no grupo controle. Concluiu-se que os pacientes chagásicos têm o tempo de trânsito orocecal prolongado e que aqueles com constipação apresentam uma maior prevalência de SBID, ambos os fatores não sofrem influência da presença do megacólon. A má absorção de lactose e D-xilose foi maior entre controles.
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Djouab, Amrane. "Contribution à la réduction de l'impact environnemental du perméat de lactosérum via sa valorisation intégrale par un procédé d'électro-activation en solution : preuve du concept et analyse de la qualité du produit." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/35720.
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L'objectif de la présente thèse était de développer un nouveau procédé en vue de valoriser intégralement le perméat de lactosérum (WP) qui a un impact négatif important sur l'environnement en raison de sa forte demande biochimique et chimique en oxygène (DBO et DCO). Pour cela, le WP a été valorisé par isomérisation in situ de son lactose en lactulose prébiotique en utilisant la technologie d'électro-activation (EA) comme une nouvelle approche sans aucun prétraitement et/ou fractionnement en amont et en aval. Premièrement, les meilleures conditions d'isomérisation du lactose en lactulose en utilisant le WP comme source de lactose bon marché ont été déterminées. L'effet de l'intensité du courant électrique et du sel (CaCl2, KCl et MgCl2) sur la conversion du lactose en lactulose en utilisant des solutions de WP (6%, P/V) et de lactose pur (5%, P/V) ont été étudié. Le lactose a été converti en lactulose à un taux de 35,1% lorsque le KCl, une intensité de courant de 330 mA pendant 21 min d'EA ont été appliqués au WP; et 38,66% lorsque le KCl, une intensité de courant de 330 mA pendant 14 minutes ont été appliqué à une solution de lactose. L'utilisation de WP dans les compartiments central et cathodique sans addition de sel a donné un rendement de 39,78% de lactulose après 35 min d'EA à 330 mA. La microscopie électronique à balayage et le calcul de la résistance électrique globale du réacteur n'ont révélé aucun encrassement de la membrane. Deuxièmement, les solutions électro-activées cathodiques obtenues avec un rendement élevé en lactulose et les produits de réaction de Maillard induits (MRP) ont été soumis au séchage à trois températures (160, 180 et 200 °C) et leur activité antioxydante (AA) a été évaluée. Pour ce faire, l’AA a été évaluée par l'AA au DPPH, le pouvoir réducteur, le test au radical ABTS•+ et l’effet chélateur du fer. L'effet de la température de séchage sur l'AA du perméat de lactosérum électro-activé (EAWP) a également été évalué. Les données obtenues démontrent que l'EA améliore significativement l'AA du WP et que cette AA est principalement due aux MRP intermédiaires, comme le montre l'absorbance la plus élevée à 294 nm. De plus, les résultats ont montré que la température de séchage influençait significativement l'AA de l'EAWP. Enfin, l’effet de la concentration de poudre EAWP (EAWPP) obtenue (0%, 2%, 4% et 6%, P/P) sur l’oxydation des lipides et la stabilité de la couleur du bœuf haché stocké à 4 °C pendant 17 jours a été étudié. L'oxydation lipidique et l'apparence du bœuf haché ont été évaluées par la mesure des produits d'oxydation primaires (indice d'acide (AV) et de peroxyde (PV)) et secondaires (substances réactives à l'acide thiobarbutirique, TBARS), ainsi que par la mesure de la couleur dans le système CIELAB après 1, 2, 3, 10 et 17 jours. Les résultats démontrent que l'EAWPP agit comme un antioxydant efficace sur les lipides de la viande. Les analyses de l’AV, de PV et de TBARS démontrent que la viande de bœuf hachée réfrigérée additionnée de la poudre EAWPP inhibait l'oxydation des lipides par rapport au témoin. Ces résultats ont été également confirmés par l'analyse des acides gras de la fraction lipidique. De plus, la stabilité de la couleur a été sauvegardée lorsque la poudre EAWPP a été ajoutée. En conclusion, le procédé proposé peut, d’une part, résoudre le problème environnemental du WP en le transformant d’un sous-produit polluant en un ingrédient à haute valeur ajoutée ayant des propriétés prébiotiques et antioxydantes et, d’autre part, une alternative possible la synthèse chimique du lactulose réduisant ainsi son impact négatif sur l'environnement.The aim of the present thesis was the development of a new process in view to the integral valorization of whey permeate (WP) which have a serious negative environmental impact due to it high biochemical and chemical oxygen demand (BOD, CDO) (COD). For this, WP was valorized through in situ isomerisation of it lactose into the prebiotic lactulose using electro-activation technology as a new approach without any upstream and/or downstream fractionation. Firstly, the best conditions of the isomerisation of lactose into lactulose using WP as a cheap lactose source were determined. The effect of electric current intensity and salt (CaCl2, KCl and MgCl2) on the amount of lactose conversion into lactulose by using WP (6 %, wt) and pure lactose (5 %, wt) solutions was studied. Lactose was converted into lactulose at a level of 35.1% when KCl, current intensity of 330 mA during 21 min of electro-activation were applied to WP; and 38.66% when KCl, current intensity of 330 mA during 14 min were applied to lactose solution. The use of WP in both the central and cathodic compartments without addition of salt yielded 39.78% lactulose after 35 min of electro-activation at 330 mA. Scanning electron microscopy and calculation of the global electrical resistance of the reactor did not reveal any membrane fouling. Secondly, the cathodic electro-activated solutions obtained with a high lactulose yield and induced Maillard reaction products (MRPs) were submitted to spray drying at three temperatures (160, 180 and 200 °C) and their antioxidant activity (AA) was evaluated. For this purpose, the AA was evaluated by the DPPH scavenging activity, reducing power, ABTS•+ Radical scavenging assay and iron chelating capacity. The effect of the drying temperature on the AA of the EAWP was also evaluated. The obtained data demonstrated that electro-activation significantly (P < 0.001) enhanced the AA of WP and that this AA was mainly due to the intermediate MRPs, as shown by the highest absorbance at 294 nm. Moreover, the results showed that the drying temperature significantly influenced the AA of EAWP. Finally, the effect of the obtained EAWP powder (EAWPP) concentration (0%, 2%, 4% and 6%, wt/wt) on lipid oxidation and color stability of chilled minced beef stored at 4°C for 17 days was investigated. The minced beef lipid oxidation and appearance were evaluated through measurement of primary (acid value (AV) and peroxide values (PV)) and secondary oxidation products (thiobarbutiric acid reactive substances, TBARS), together with measurement of color in the CIELAB system at 0, 1, 2, 3, 10 and 17 days. Results demonstrate that the EAWPP act as an effective antioxidant on lipid meat. The AV, PV and TBARS analysis demonstrate that the chilled minced beef added with the EAWPP inhibited the lipid oxidation compared to the control. This finding was also confirmed by the fatty acid analysis of the lipid fraction. In addition, the color stability was saved when EAWPP was added. In conclusion, the proposed process can, on one hand, solve the environmental problem of WP by transforming it from a pollutant by product into a high value added ingredient having prebiotic and antioxidant properties and, on the other hand, it constitutes a possible alternative to the chemical synthesis of lactulose thus reducing its negative environmental impact.
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Espin, Neto Jose. "Efeito do polissacarideo da soja sobre o aparelho digestivo : avaliação da produção de hidrogenio e da permeabilidade intestinal a lactulose." [s.n.], 1992. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/308861.
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Orientador : Edgard Ferro CollaresTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
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Resumo: Foram estudados treze voluntários, 8 do sexo feminino e 5 do sexo masculino, com idade de 23 a 38 anos, sem doença gastrintestinal ativa, de hábito intestinal normal e gozando de boa saúde. Os sujeitos consumiram uma dieta constituída de arroz e carne na noite anterior às refeições de prova, e após um jejum de 8 horas, foram submetidos à prova de H2 expirado durante 8 horas, com três tipos de refeição de prova, em três dias diferentes. As refeições eram constituídas de: 20 gramas de lactulose, 20 gramas de lactulose mais 30 gramas de polissacarídeo da soja e 30 gramas de polissacarídeo da soja. Amostras foram coletadas a cada 15 minutos durante 8 horas, com a primeira amostra coletada imediatamente antes da ingestão da refeição de prova, e as concentrações de H2 e CO2 medidos em aparelhos de cromatografia gasosa. Nos dias em que os sujeitos ingeriram lactulose e lactulose mais fibra, foi coletada urina por 8 horas para a medida da lactosúria, através de cromatografia em camada fina. Foram determinadas as curvas de concentração de H2 o analisadas de acordo com a área sob a curva e o intervalo de tempo entre o início e o pico de produção. Durante três dias de prova, foram quantificados os sintomas digestivos (dor ou cólicas abdominais, distensão, borborigmo e flatulência) de acordo com o tipo e intensidade. Foi constatado que a fibra de soja não foi capaz de aumentar a fermentação intestinal, fato indicado pela pequena produção de H2 expirado. Porém, quando ingerida junto com lactulose, ocorreu uma tendência não significativa de diminuição da sintomatologia referida pelos sujeitos, e diminuiu significativamente a permeabilidade a pequenas moléculas orgânicas, indicada pela menor recuperação urinária de lactulose
Abstract: The study was carried out in 13 healthy male or female volunteers, aged 23-38 years old, with no known active gastrointestinal disease. Subjects consumed a meal consisting only of rice and meat on the night prior to the study. On each study day , the subjects received 1 of 3 test meals on 3 different days - The 3 test meal consisted of the following: 20 g of lactulose, 20 g of lactulose plus 30 g of soy polysaccharide, 30 g of soy polysaccharide. Samples of expired air were collected in syringes. Breath hydrogen concentration was determined by gas chromatography and collected every 15 minutes for 8 hours with the first sample just prior to the ingestion of the test meal. Water up to 800 ml was allowed throughout the study. Ho food was allowed during the first 6 hours of the study, after wich a plain hamburguer was eaten by the subjects. Curves of breath hydrogen concentration were analysed according to the area under the curve and the time ta a sustained rise.On the day that the subjects ingested lactulose alone or with soy polysaccharide, urine for lactulose determination was collected and analysed by the "thin-layer chromatography". The symptoms were scored on each study day. The results showed that soy polysaccharide was unable to produce symptoms or increase the H2 production. No significant relationship was found between the ingestion of soy polisaccharide plus lactulose and the production of sugar intolerance symptoms, even though all but 5 had had less symptoms. When soy polisaccharide was ingested with lactulose by the subjects, the urinary lactulose recovery decreased
Doutorado
Pediatria
Doutor em Ciências Médicas
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Leeuwen, Paulus Aloysius Marie van. "Ammonia generation in the gut and the influence of lactulose and neomycin: review of the literature and experimental studies in the rat." Maastricht : Maastricht : Rijksuniversiteit Limburg ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1985. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=5301.
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Kareb, Ourdia. "Development of new dairy ingredient with prebiotic and antioxidant properties through the electro-activation processing of sweet cheese whey." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28249.
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Le but de ce projet était de développer la technologie d'électro-activation comme une approche novatrice pour la valorisation intégrale des constituants du lactosérum. Ce sous-produit est riche en composants de valeur avec des propriétés biologiques et fonctionnelles prometteuses. La première étape de ce travail visait à déterminer les conditions optimales pour la production du lactulose en utilisant le lactosérum comme source de lactose. Un rendement de 35% a été obtenu avec une pureté élevée à des températures de 0, 10 et 25°C et un court temps de réaction (≅ 40 minutes). En outre, l'analyse protéomique a révélé l'hydrolyse des protéines de lactosérum et la formation simultanée de produits de réaction Maillard aux propriétés antioxydantes élevées. La deuxième étape visait à élucider les mécanismes antioxydants qui régissaient les hydrolysats de protéines de lactosérum à réaction de Maillard (MRP-whey) et à caractériser leurs structures. L'effet antioxydant a été attribué à de multiples propriétés et pourrait être utilisé à la fois comme antioxydants primaires et secondaires. La structure moléculaire du MRP-whey a été caractérisée comme étant des bases de Schiff. De plus, des peptides bioactifs multifonctionnels, avec des propriétés biologiques ont également été identifiés. Dans la troisième étape, l'efficacité du lactosérum électro-activé (lactosérum-EA) possédant des propriétés prébiotique et antioxydante sur la croissance des bactéries probiotiques testées a été démontrée. Le lactosérum-EA avait comparativement un meilleur effet bifidogène que le lactulose. De plus, on a constaté que le lactosérum-EA produisait un effet protecteur sur L. johnsonii La-1 durant sa croissance en présence d'oxygène. Cet effet peut être lié, en partie, à la capacité du lactosérum-EA à éliminer le peroxyde d'hydrogène et à prévenir son accumulation dans le milieu de croissance. Les spectres FTIR ont montré que le lactosérum-EA empêchait l'oxydation des lipides de la membrane cellulaire en limitant le changement dans l'ordre structurel des acides gras. Dans l'ensemble, le lactosérum-EA comme prébiotique possédant une capacité antioxydante a un grand potentiel d'application, non seulement dans l'industrie laitière, mais aussi comme ingrédient fonctionnel avec diverses bioactivités et fonctionnalités.The goal of this project was to develop the electro-activation technology as innovative approach for an integral valorization of whey constituents. This by-product is rich in valuable components with promising biological and functional properties. The first step of this work aimed to determine the optimal conditions of lactulose production using whey as a source of lactose and a yield of 35% was obtained with high purity under temperatures of 0, 10 and 25°C and short reaction time (≅ 40 minutes). Moreover, the proteomic analysis revealed the hydrolysis of whey proteins and simultaneous formation of Maillard reaction products with high antioxidant properties. The second step aimed to elucidate the antioxidant mechanisms that governed the Maillard-reacted-whey protein hydrolysates (MRPs-whey) and to characterize their structures. The antioxidant effect was ascribed to a multiple properties and could be used as both primary and secondary antioxidants. The molecular structure of the MRPs-whey was characterized to be Schiff base compounds. Additionally, multifunctional bioactive peptides, with biological properties were also identified. In the third step, the efficacy of electro-activated whey (EA-whey) as a combined prebiotic and antioxidant component on the growth of tested probiotic bacteria was demonstrated. The EA-whey was comparatively a better bifidogenic factor than lactulose. Additionally, EA-whey was found to elicit a protective effect on L. johnsonii La-1 during its growth in the presence of oxygen. This effect may be related, in part, to the ability of EA-whey to scavenge hydrogen peroxide metabolites and prevent its accumulation in the growth medium. FTIR spectra showed that EA-whey prevented the cell membrane lipids oxidation by limiting the change in the structural order of fatty acids. Overall, EA-whey as a prebiotic supplement possessing antioxidant capacity has great potential for application not only in the dairy industry but also as a functional food ingredient with potent bioactivities and functionalities.
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Quiroga, Espitia Lenny Maritza. "Isomérisation du lactose en lactulose en solution modèle de lactose et dans du perméat de lactosérum par électro-activation supportée par échange ionique sur résine." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26958.
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L'isomérisation alcaline du lactose en lactulose a été effectuée électro-chimiquement à l’aide d’un réacteur d'électro-activation en combinaison avec des résines échangeuses d'anions de polystyrène de trois types; à savoir Lewatit VP-OC-1065 faible-acide, Lewatit MP-64 moyenne-acide et Lewatit Monoplus M500 forte-acide. Les paramètres opératoires qui ont fait l’objet de cette étude ont été étudiés sur trois blocs expérimentaux pour optimiser le système. Dans le Premier bloc, les paramètres étudiés sont : (1) ratio lactose-5%(p/v) : résine échangeuse d'anions (1:0.5, 1:1 et 1:2), (2) intensité du champ électrique : 50 mA, 100 mA et 200 mA et (3) type de résines : faible, moyenne et forte. Dans le Deuxième bloc, les paramètres mis à l’étude comprenaient : (1) l’intensité du champ électrique : 300 mA, 450 mA et 550 mA, (2) le débit de la solution traitée : 25 ml / min, 50 ml/ min et 100 ml/min et (3) la surface active de la membrane adjacente au compartiment cathodique : 0.78 cm2, 7.06 cm2 et 18.1 cm2. Le Troisième bloc expérimental a été effectué sur la base de la distance entre la membrane et l'électrode : 3.1 cm, 5.6 cm et 9 cm. Le même modèle expérimental a était également réalisé avec du perméat du lactosérum d’une concentration de 7% (p/v). Les résultats obtenus ont révélé que le meilleur rendement de l’isomérisation du lactose en lactulose était obtenu après 30 minutes d’électroactivation en utilisant une solution modèle de lactose-5% avec une valeur d’environ 20.1%. Les conditions opératoires qui ont permis d’avoir ce taux de conversion sont une intensité du courant de 550 mA, un débit de la solution de 25 ml/min, une surface active de la membrane de 7.06 cm2 et une distance de 9 cm entre la cathode et la membrane qui lui y est adjacente. En utilisant le perméat de lactosérum-7%, un taux de conversion de lactose en lactulose de 8.34% a était obtenu avec une intensité du courant de 200 mA, un débit de 120 ml/min, une surface active de de 18.1cm2 et une distance de 9 cm entre la membrane et l’électrode dans le compartiment cathodique. Les analyses de variance ont indiqué un effet catalytique significatif du type de la résine. En effet, la résine-forte a permis d’avoir les plus hauts rendements de la réaction d’isomérisation par électro-activation. La résistance électrique globale du système d’électroactivation dépendait de la valeur de l’intensité du courant. Le produit final était d’une grande pureté, car il ne présentait que quelques traces de galactose (< 4%).The isomerization of lactose to lactulose in alkaline conditions was carried out electrochemically using an electro-activation reactor in combination with three types of anion-exchange polystyrene resins, namely Lewatit VPOC 1065 weak acid, Lewatit MP-64 medium acid, and Lewatit Monoplus M500 strong acid. The operational parameters evaluated in this study have been adjusted to three blocks to optimize the system: first block: a) ratio lactose- 5% (w /v): anionexchange resin (1:0.5, 1:1 and 1:2), b) electric field intensity of 50 mA, 100 mA, and 200 mA, and c) resin type; second block: a) electric field intensity of 300 mA, 450 mA, and 550 mA, b) flow rate (25 ml / min, 50 ml / min, and 100 ml / min); and c) area of the membrane adjacent to the cathode compartment (0.78 cm2,7.06 cm2, and 18.1 cm2); and third block: distance between the membrane and the electrode (3.1 cm, 5.6 cm, and 9 cm). The same experimental model was used with whey permeat at a concentration of 7% (w/v). Obtained results revealed that the best yield was obtained after 30 minutes of electro-activation using a typical solution based on 20.1% of lactose-5% under a current intensity of 550 mA, a flow rate of 25 ml / min, a membrane area of 7.06 cm2, and a distance of 9 cm between the membrane and the electrode. The use of whey permeate-7% resulted in 8.34% of lactulose under a current intensity of 200 mA, a flow rate of 120 ml / min, a membrane area of 18.1 cm2, and a distance of 9 cm in the cathodic compartment. The analysis of variance indicated a significant catalytic effect on the resin type since the strong acid resin allowed obtaining the highest yields of the isomerization reaction by electro-activation. The overall electrical resistance of the electro-activation system depends on the current intensity. The final product was of high purity since it contains only few traces of galactose (< 4%).
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Sitanggang, Azis Boing [Verfasser], Matthias [Akademischer Betreuer] Kraume, Anja [Akademischer Betreuer] Drews, Matthias [Gutachter] Kraume, Anja [Gutachter] Drews, and Marion [Gutachter] Ansorge-Schumacher. "Development of continuous lactulose production in parallel membrane reactors / Azis Boing Sitanggang ; Gutachter: Matthias Kraume, Anja Drews, Marion Ansorge-Schumacher ; Matthias Kraume, Anja Drews." Berlin : Technische Universität Berlin, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1156185491/34.
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PEREIRA, Juliana de Abreu. "Efeito da lactulose sobre os par?metros cl?nicos e bioqu?micos s?ricos de c?es azot?micos e n?o azot?micos." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2012. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/1727.
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The Chronic Renal Failure (CRF) is characterized by a growing inability of the kidneys to maintain internal homeostasis. The affected animals show major changes as the increase in serum urea, creatinine and phosphorus. Currently, there is no specific treatment for nephropathic. Lactulose, a disaccharide formed by the reaction between fructose and galactose sacarol?ticas is assimilated by bacteria of the intestinal tract and these diminished competition by the population of urease-producing bacteria, limiting the production and absorption of ammonia and urea with consequent reduction in portal blood. Aiming to evaluate the effects of lactulose as adjuvant treatment of dogs with CRF were evaluated parameters indicative of liver function (enzymes alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and renal (urea and creatinine) besides glucose and serum levels of Ca and P in dogs azot?micos not under normal handling and feeding, or not treated with lactulose orally for a period of 30 days, and serum urea and creatinine in dogs with CRF under different protocols therapeutic. feces showed normal color and odor, but diarrhea in animals treated with lactulose. animals as normal renal function, or not treated with lactulose showed no significant changes in blood glucose, serum activities of the enzymes ALT, AST and ALP, and values of urea and creatinine. animals treated with lactulose the phosphorus decreased progressively with a significant difference on days 21 and 30. biochemical analyzes for urea and creatinine nephropathic animals under different treatment protocols showed a reduction of these metabolites in animals of all groups , emphasizing the reduction of uremia and the effect of cetoan?logos and use of prebiotic lactulose in nephropathic dogs.
A Insufici?ncia Renal Cr?nica (IRC) ? caracterizada por uma crescente incapacidade dos rins em manter a homeostasia interna. Os animais acometidos apresentam como principais altera??es o aumento dos n?veis s?ricos de ur?ia, creatinina e f?sforo. Atualmente, n?o existe um tratamento espec?fico para nefropatas. A lactulose, um dissacar?deo formado pela rea??o entre frutose e galactose ? assimilado por bact?rias sacarol?ticas do trato intestinal e estas diminuem por competi??o a popula??o de bact?rias produtoras de urease, limitando a produ??o e absor??o de ur?ia e am?nia com consequente redu??o no sangue portal. Com os objetivos de avaliar os efeitos da lactulose como coadjuvante do tratamento de c?es com IRC foram avaliados os par?metros indicativos da fun??o hep?tica (enzimas alaninoaminotransferase (ALT), aspartatoaminotransferase (AST) e fosfatase alcalina (FA) e renal (ur?ia e creatinina), al?m da glicemia e n?veis s?ricos de Ca e P em c?es n?o azot?micos sob manejo e alimenta??o normais, tratados ou n?o com lactulose por via oral, por um per?odo de 30 dias e os n?veis s?ricos de ur?ia e creatinina de c?es com IRC sob diferentes protocolos terap?uticos. As fezes apresentaram cor e odor normais, por?m diarr?icas nos animais tratados com lactulose. Os animais normais quanto ? fun??o renal, tratados ou n?o com lactulose n?o apresentaram altera??es significativas na glicemia, atividades s?ricas das enzimas ALT, AST e FA; e nos valores de ur?ia e creatinina. Para os animais tratados com lactulose a fosfatemia sofreu redu??o progressiva com diferen?a significativa nos dias 21 e 30. An?lises bioqu?micas para ur?ia e creatinina dos animais nefropatas sob diferentes protocolos de tratamento indicou redu??o desses metab?litos em animais de todos os grupos, destacando-se a redu??o da uremia e o efeito ben?fico dos cetoan?logos e do uso do pr?-bi?tico lactulose em c?es nefropatas.
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Saron, Margareth Lopes Galvão. "Aproveitamento do permeado de soro de leite bovino atraves da transformação da lactose em lactulose e como ingrediente para meios de culturas de bacterias probioticas." [s.n.], 2003. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/255713.
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Orientadores: Valdemiro Carlos Sgarbieri, Alda Luiza Santos LerayerDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
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Resumo: O presente trabalho teve por objetivo estudar novas aplicações para o permeado proveniente da concentração das proteínas do soro de leite bovino pelo processo de ultrafiltração em membrana (PM de corte de 10 Kda). A concentração do permeado, evaporação sob vácuo permitiu a insolubilização da lactose e sua purificação. Através de reação de isomerização em pH alcalino e o uso de borato de sódio como catalizador, obteve-se a conversão da lactose em lactulose e sua purificação por cromatografia de troca iônica e exclusão molecular em colunas. A lactulose purificada foi testada in vitro como prebiótico em vários meios de cultura complementados com o permeado de soro de leite, para o crescimento das bactérias probióticas (Lactobacillus acidophilus La-5 e Bifidobacterium /actis Bb-12). Verificou-se que tanto o permeado de soro de leite quanto a lactulose funcionaram como importantes fatores de crescimento para essas bactérias. O permeado de soro contem aproximadamente 85% de lactose (em base seca), sendo bastante deficiente em aminoácidos. Após separação da lactose, o líquido sobrenadante do permeado representa uma boa fonte de vitaminas, particularmente B1, B2 e niacina. A cromatografia em camada delgada (CCO) foi eficiente para a detecção da lactulose após eluição em colunas e, através da cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE) pode-se confirmar a reação de isomerização da lactose em lactulose com rendimento de aproximadamente 70%. Os ensaios microbiológicos mostraram que a complementação do meio MRS (De Man, Rogosa e Sharpe) com permeado de soro de leite (PSL) promoveu um aumento significativo na produção de células de L.acidophi/us e B./actis. O PSL, quando combinado com extrato de levedura (EXT) na proporção de 75/25, mostrou-se adequado para a propagação de células de B. /actis. O meio MRS adicionado de 2% ou 3% de lactulose apresentou um aumento do crescimento de L. acidophi/us. A concentração de apenas 1% de factulose no meio MRS modificado e PSUEXT foi eficiente para estimular o rescimento de Bifidobacterium /actis. Tanto o L. acidophilus como a B. /actis demonstraram resistência as condições de acidez (pH 2 , 3h, 37°C). A presença de lactulose no meio de cultura promoveu maior proteção destas bactérias quando expostas à presença de sais biliares. Neste trabalho são descritos ainda aspectos relevantes dos efeitos benéficos dos prebióticos e probióticos para a saúde humana.
Abstract: The objetive of the present work was to study new application for the permeate obtained during concentration of bovine milk whey by the process of membrane ultrafiltration (MW cut off 10 Kda). The concentration of the permeate, by vacuum evaporation, permited the insolubilization and further purification of the lactose by crystallization. By an isomerization reaction at alkaline pH using sodium borate as catalyst, the conversion of lactose to lactulose was promoted which was purified in ionic exchange and molecular exclusion colunn chromatography. The purified lactulose was tested in vivo as prebiotic in various culture media complemented whith whole whey permeate, for the growth of the probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus acidophilus La-5 and Bifidobacterium lactis Bb-12. It was verified that both the whole permeate as well as the lactulose functioned as important growth promoting factors for these bacteria. The whey permeate contained approximately 85% lactose on a dry basis and was deficient in amino acids. After lactose separation the permeate supernatant liquid contained appreciable quantities of vitamins, particularly B1, B2 and niacin. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) was efficient in the detection of lactulose after elution from the columns, and. high perfomance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to confirm the isomerization reaction of lactose to lactulose whith a yield of approximately 70%. The microbiological assay showed that complementation of the MRS (De Man, Rogosa and Sharpe) medium whith whole milk whey permeate significant increase in cell production of both L. acidophilus and B. lactis. The modified MRS medium (MRSm) added of 2% or 3% lactulose showed an increase in growth for the L. acidophilus. At only 1% lactulose concentration in the MRSm or MWPNE media a significant increase in growth was observed for B. lactis. Both L. acidophilus and B. lactis showed resistance to acidity condition (pH 2, 3h, 37°C). The presence of lactulose in the culture media promoted higher protection to these bacteria when exposed to biliary salts. In this work important aspects of the beneficial effects of prebiotics and probiotics to human health were described.
Mestrado
Mestre em Alimentos e Nutrição
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Neves, Leandra Natália de Oliveira. "Desenvolvimento e aplicação de metodologias analíticas para avaliação de indicadores de tratamento térmico em leite UHT." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 2015. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/1445.
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O leite é considerado um alimento rico nutricionalmente por ser fonte de proteínas, carboidrato, vitaminas e minerais. Durante o processamento térmico do leite, reações químicas podem ocorrer gerando modificações de compostos pré-existentes ou formação de novos compostos, os quais se comportam como indicadores do tratamento térmico utilizado. O monitoramento destes indicadores em leite UHT é de grande importância uma vez que permite traçar o perfil do produto e do processo, podendo sugerir intervenções tecnológicas capazes de minimizar custos de produção bem como reduzir a ocorrência de eventuais perdas nutricionais e descaracterização do produto. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo quantificar os indicadores índice de soroproteína não desnaturada – WPNI, 5-hidroximetilfurfural – HMF e lactulose em amostras de leite UHT, com teor regular e reduzido de lactose, comercializadas no mercado nacional. Metodologias analíticas para WPNI e HMF, ambos determinados por métodos espectrofotométricos, foram implantadas e os modelos estatísticos foram ajustados. Dois métodos analíticos de separação para determinação de lactulose foram desenvolvidos e validados utilizando cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (HPLC) com detecção por índice de refração e eletroforese capilar de zona (CZE) com detecção indireta no ultravioleta. Os resultados obtidos no teste de comparação de médias do teor de lactulose pelos métodos por HPLC e CZE indicaram não haver diferença significativa entre os métodos propostos. A média do índice de WPNI indicou que 76% das amostras em estudo são classificadas como “médio tratamento térmico”. Os índices de HMF livre e total mostraram-se capazes de discriminar amostras com teor regular e com teor reduzido de lactose. Flutuações nos índices de WPNI e HMF livre e no teor de lactulose das amostras analisadas sugeriram a ocorrência de falta de uniformidade do processamento adotado pelas indústrias nacionais processadoras de leite UHT, o que foi confirmado pelo efeito de marca sobre estes índices no produto. Verificou-se que os métodos analíticos implantados e desenvolvidos são capazes de atender à demanda de métodos de controle aptos em avaliar o processo e oferecer suporte para desenvolvimento e estudo do processamento. Os indicadores monitorados remetem a ocorrência de despadronização do perfil químico do leite UHT atualmente comercializado no mercado nacional, refletindo a necessidade de um maior controle do processamento pelas indústrias processadoras.
Milk is considered a nutritionally rich food because it is a source of protein, carbohydrate, vitamins and minerals. During milk heat treatment, chemical reactions can occur causing changes of pre-existing compounds or formation of new compounds, which can be used as indicators of heat treatment used. The monitoring of these indicators in UHT milk is very important since they allow to draw the product and process profile and can suggest technological interventions that can minimize production costs and reduce the occurrence of any nutritional losses and distortion of the product. This study aimed to quantify the indicators whey protein nitrogen index - WPNI, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural – HMF and lactulose in UHT milk samples, with regular and reduced lactose content, sold in the domestic market. Analytical methodologies for WPNI and HMF (both measured by spectrophotometric methods) were implemented and the statistical models were fitted. Two analytical methods of separation for lactulose determination were developed and validated using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with detection by refractive index and capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) with indirect UV detection. The results obtained in the mean comparison test of lactulose content by HPLC and CZE methods showed no significant difference between the proposed methods. The average WPNI index indicated that 76% of the samples studied are classified as "medium heat treatment". The contents of free and total HMF were able to discriminate samples with regular and reduced lactose content. Fluctuations in WPNI, free HMF and lactulose content of the examined samples suggested the occurrence of non-uniformity of processing adopted in processing UHT milk of national industries, which was confirmed by the effect of these indicators in the product. It was found that analytical methods studied are able to achieve the control methods demanded to evaluate the process and support the development and study of processing. The monitored indicators refer to the occurrence of lack of standardization in the chemical profile of UHT milk currently commercialized in Brazilian market, reflecting the need for greater control of processing by milk processing industries.
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Sperlbaum, Andre [Verfasser], Wolff-Helmut [Akademischer Betreuer] Schmiegel, and Markus [Akademischer Betreuer] Reiser. "Analyse der klinischen Wertigkeit von H2-Glucose- und H2-Lactulose-Atemtests und Evaluation von Risikofaktoren einer bakteriellen Übersiedlung / Andre Sperlbaum. Gutachter: Wolff-Helmut Schmiegel ; Markus Reiser." Bochum : Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1095884719/34.
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Cassettari, Vanessa Mello Granado [UNESP]. "Análise da fermentação intestinal pelo teste do hidrogênio no ar expirado com lactulose em crianças com constipação funcional após a ingestão prolongada de biomassa de banana verde." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/152964.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Introdução: Os carboidratos não absorvíveis representados pela fibra alimentar (FA) e uma fração do amido resistente (AR) constituem substrato para a fermentação pela microbiota colônica com consequente produção intraluminal dos ácidos graxos de cadeia curta, e dos gases hidrogênio, metano e dióxido de carbono. Assim, a dosagem do H2 no ar expirado é adequada para avaliar a fermentação intestinal, mediante o Teste de Hidrogênio Expirado (THE). Por outro lado, as frutas são uma apreciável fonte de FA e a banana verde se destaca por ser fonte de FA e AR, pois a banana verde pode conter de 10 a 40% de AR. Assim, considerando: a recomendação da ingestão de frutas como fonte de FA, a fermentação intestinal com produção de H2 e a validade do THE em avaliar a fermentação colônica. Os objetivos do estudo foram avaliar em crianças com constipação funcional: a fermentação intestinal, mediante o THE com lactulose, em dois momentos, antes e após a suplementação prolongada de biomassa de banana verde; avaliar se a produção de H2 no ar expirado é diferente em dois subgrupos de crianças: sem e com o uso de laxante; avaliar os sinais e sintomas durante o THE; avaliar a proporção dos sinais/sintomas da constipação funcional antes e após a suplementação com biomassa de banana verde. Métodos: Estudo clínico, intervencional, prospectivo, randomizado, de casos consecutivos de 38 crianças encaminhadas para tratamento de constipação funcional. Critérios de inclusão: idade de 06 a 10 anos e constipação funcional segundo os Critérios de Roma IV; classificação com os tipos 01 ou 02 da consistência das fezes segundo a Escala Fecal de Bristol. Critérios de exclusão: distúrbios genéticos, neurológicos, comportamentais, cognitivos ou procedimentos cirúrgicos abdominais. As crianças foram divididas em dois grupos (com e sem laxante). O grupo com laxante recebeu picossulfato de sódio. Os pacientes receberam duas colheres de sopa de biomassa de banana verde por 08 semanas. O THE com 10 g de lactulose foi realizado antes e após a suplementação. As amostras de ar expirado foram coletadas aos 30, 60, 90, 120 e 150 minutos após a ingestão da lactulose e analisadas para as concentrações de H2 no ar expirado usando um aparelho portátil e os resultados foram analisados em partes por milhão. Resultados: 38 crianças completaram o período de intervenção de 08 semanas, quando houve uma redução estatisticamente significante na proporção de crianças com classificação de Escala Fecal de Bristol < 03, incontinência fecal > 01 /semana, dor para evacuar e dor abdominal. Também houve aumento na proporção de crianças com ≥ 03 evacuações/semana. A biomassa de banana verde foi bem tolerada e sem efeitos adversos. Na avaliação com o THE observamos maior produção de H2 após a intervenção (p <0.0001) em todos os tempos de avaliação, sendo a maior diferença no tempo de 120 minutos e na produção acumulativa de H2 utilizando a Área Sob a Curva da produção de H2 (p <0.0001). Observamos ainda, que não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos sem e com laxante em todos os momentos avaliados, tanto antes como após a intervenção com biomassa de banana verde. O número de crianças não produtoras de H2 antes e após a suplementação da biomassa de banana verde foi respectivamente de 14 e 02 (p<0,001). Não houve diferença para não produtores de H2 entre os grupos sem e com laxante antes e após a suplementação. Discussão: Os resultados demonstraram que o consumo de biomassa de banana verde reduziu a proporção de crianças com constipação funcional e produziu maior fermentação colonica. Os efeitos laxativos da FA e do AR e o possível efeito prebiótico presentes na biomassa de banana verde avaliada neste estudo podem estar ligados à sua fermentação e produção de ácidos graxos de cadeia curta. Conclusão: Observamos que houve aumento na proporção de crianças que passaram a ser produtoras de H2 após a suplementação com biomassa de banana verde (p<0,001) e que não houve diferença na produção de H2 nos grupos sem e com laxante, tanto antes como após a suplementação. Este resultado pode sugerir que a biomassa de banana verde teve papel no estimulo para o crescimento de uma microbiota fermentadora e produtora de H2 após exposição à FA e AR presentes na biomassa de banana verde, e que não houve influencia pelo uso do laxante.
Introduction: The nonabsorbable carbohydrates composed of dietary fibre (DF) and a fraction of starch resistant (RS) constitute a substrate for fermentation by the colonic microbiota with a consequent intraluminal production of short chain fatty acids,hydrogen (H2), methane and carbon. Thus, the dosing of the expired H2 air is adequate to evaluate the intestinal fermentation, through the Test of Exhaled Hydrogen Breath Test (HBT). On the other hand, fruits are a significant source of DF, and the banana stands out as a source of DF and RS because the green banana can contain 10 to 40% of RS. Thus, considering: the recommendation of fruit intake as the source of DF; intestinal fermentation with H2 production; the validity of HBT in evaluating colonic fermentation. Objectives: The objectives of the study were to evaluate in children with funcional constipation: the intestinal fermentation, through HBT with lactulose, in two moments, before and after the prolonged supplementation of BBV; to evaluate if the production of H2 in the air exhaled is different in two subgroups of children: without and with the use of laxative; assess the signs and symptoms during HBT; to evaluate the proportion of signs / symptoms of functional constipation before and after BBV supplementation. Methods: Clinical, interventional, prospective, randomised study of consecutive cases of 38 children referred for treatment of functional constipation. Inclusion criteria: age from 05 to 10 years and functional constipation according to Rome IV Criteria; classification with types 01 or 02 of stool consistency according to the Bristol Stool Form. Exclusion criteria: genetic, neurological, behavioural, cognitive or abdominal surgical procedures. The children were divided into two groups (with and no laxative). The laxative group received sodium picosulphate. The patients received two tablespoons of BBV for 08 weeks. The HBT with 10 g of lactulose was performed before and after supplementation. The exhaled air samples were collected at 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 minutes after ingestion of lactulose and analysed for H2 concentrations in the exhaled air using a portable apparatus and the results and analysed in ppm. Results: 38 children completed the 08 week intervention period, when there was a statistically significant reduction in the proportion of children with a Bristol Stool Form, fecal incontinencet; 01 week, straining, and abdominal pain. There was also an increase in the percentage of children with ≥ 03 bowel movements/week. BBV was well tolerated and without adverse effects. In the evaluation with HBT, we observed a higher H2 production after the intervention (p <0.0001) at all evaluation times, with the most significant time difference of120 minutes and the H2 cumulative output using the Area Under the H2 Production Curve (p <0.0001). We also observed that there was no statistically significant difference between the groups without and with laxatives at all moments evaluated, both at and after BBV intervention. The number of no-H2-producing children before and after BBV supplementation was respectively 14 and 02 (p<0.001). There was no difference for no H2 producers between the groups without and with laxatives before and after supplementation. Discussion:The results showed that the consumption of BBV reduced the proportion of children with functional constipation and produced greater colonic fermentation. The laxative effects of DF and RS and the prebiotic effect present in the BBV evaluated in this study may be related to its fermentation and production of short chain fatty acids. Conclusion: We observed that: there was an increase in the proportion of children who became H2 producers after BBV supplementation (p<001) and that there was no difference in H2 production in the groups without and with laxatives both before and after supplementation. This result may suggest that BBV had a role in stimulating the growth of a fermentative and H2-producing microbiota after exposure to DF and RS present in the BBV and that there was no influence on the use of the laxative.
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Cassettari, Vanessa Mello Granado. "Análise da fermentação intestinal pelo teste do hidrogênio no ar expirado com lactulose em crianças com constipação funcional após a ingestão prolongada de biomassa de banana verde." Botucatu, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/152964.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Erika Veruska Paiva OrtolanResumo: Introdução: Os carboidratos não absorvíveis representados pela fibra alimentar (FA) e uma fração do amido resistente (AR) constituem substrato para a fermentação pela microbiota colônica com consequente produção intraluminal dos ácidos graxos de cadeia curta, e dos gases hidrogênio, metano e dióxido de carbono. Assim, a dosagem do H2 no ar expirado é adequada para avaliar a fermentação intestinal, mediante o Teste de Hidrogênio Expirado (THE). Por outro lado, as frutas são uma apreciável fonte de FA e a banana verde se destaca por ser fonte de FA e AR, pois a banana verde pode conter de 10 a 40% de AR. Assim, considerando: a recomendação da ingestão de frutas como fonte de FA, a fermentação intestinal com produção de H2 e a validade do THE em avaliar a fermentação colônica. Os objetivos do estudo foram avaliar em crianças com constipação funcional: a fermentação intestinal, mediante o THE com lactulose, em dois momentos, antes e após a suplementação prolongada de biomassa de banana verde; avaliar se a produção de H2 no ar expirado é diferente em dois subgrupos de crianças: sem e com o uso de laxante; avaliar os sinais e sintomas durante o THE; avaliar a proporção dos sinais/sintomas da constipação funcional antes e após a suplementação com biomassa de banana verde. Métodos: Estudo clínico, intervencional, prospectivo, randomizado, de casos consecutivos de 38 crianças encaminhadas para tratamento de constipação funcional. Critérios de inclusão: idade de 06 a 10 anos e constipa... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Introduction: The nonabsorbable carbohydrates composed of dietary fibre (DF) and a fraction of starch resistant (RS) constitute a substrate for fermentation by the colonic microbiota with a consequent intraluminal production of short chain fatty acids,hydrogen (H2), methane and carbon. Thus, the dosing of the expired H2 air is adequate to evaluate the intestinal fermentation, through the Test of Exhaled Hydrogen Breath Test (HBT). On the other hand, fruits are a significant source of DF, and the banana stands out as a source of DF and RS because the green banana can contain 10 to 40% of RS. Thus, considering: the recommendation of fruit intake as the source of DF; intestinal fermentation with H2 production; the validity of HBT in evaluating colonic fermentation. Objectives: The objectives of the study were to evaluate in children with funcional constipation: the intestinal fermentation, through HBT with lactulose, in two moments, before and after the prolonged supplementation of BBV; to evaluate if the production of H2 in the air exhaled is different in two subgroups of children: without and with the use of laxative; assess the signs and symptoms during HBT; to evaluate the proportion of signs / symptoms of functional constipation before and after BBV supplementation. Methods: Clinical, interventional, prospective, randomised study of consecutive cases of 38 children referred for treatment of functional constipation. Inclusion criteria: age from 05 to 10 years and functional ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
33
Schmidt, Christian [Verfasser]. "Downstream processing of enzymatically generated lactulose via nanofiltration to produce a prebiotic whey drink for elderly people - Quantification, generation and fractionation of complex saccharide solutions / Christian M. Schmidt." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2020. http://d-nb.info/121947469X/34.
Full text
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Lang, Oswald Wühl Frédéric. "Vergleichende In-Vivo-Untersuchung der Wirkung von Lactulose und Lactitol auf Ph, Ammoniak und Keimflora im Darminhalt und im Stuhl : Prüfung der Verwendbarkeit der Pyxigraphie für gastroenterologische Untersuchungen /." [S.l : s.n.], 1987. http://www.ub.unibe.ch/content/bibliotheken_sammlungen/sondersammlungen/dissen_bestellformular/index_ger.html.
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Schmidt, Christian M. [Verfasser]. "Downstream processing of enzymatically generated lactulose via nanofiltration to produce a prebiotic whey drink for elderly people - Quantification, generation and fractionation of complex saccharide solutions / Christian M. Schmidt." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2020. http://d-nb.info/121947469X/34.
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AHMED, SADEK. "Valutazione di alcuni fattori che influenzano la fermentazione ruminale e le conseguenze dell’acidosi ruminale sulla permeabilità gastrointestinale e sull’infiammazione." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/1734.
Full textAbstract:
Quattro diversi esperimenti sono stati eseguiti per investigare i fattori che influenzano la fermentazione ruminale delle diete altamente fermentescibili e per sviluppare un modello per studiare la permeabilità gastro-intestinale nei ruminanti. Nello studio 1, quattro ibridi di mais sono stati valutati per la digeribilità ruminale delle loro frazioni. I risultati suggeriscono che i genotipi e le fasi di maturità influenzano fortemente la digeribilità della sostanza secca e dell’amido nel rumine. Nello studio 2, i risultati della fermentazione in vitro di diversi zuccheri ha rivelato che il lattulosio può essere uno zucchero indicatore per studiare la permeabilità intestinale nei ruminanti, grazie alla sua bassa fermentescibilità ruminale. Nello studio 3, per la prima volta un modello di enteropatia indotta da indometacina è stato utilizzato per valutare nei ruminanti la permeabilità dell’intestino tenue attraverso il test del lattulosio. I risultati mostrano che il lattulosio è passato dall'intestino al sangue modificando alcuni parametri metabolici e dell'infiammazione. Nello studio 4, una acidosi acuta è stata indotta in pecore per testare la permeabilità gastro-intestinale con il test del lattulosio. I risultati hanno dimostrato che l'acidosi acuta compromette il funzionamento della barriera gastro-intestinale consentendo l'assorbimento e la traslocazione di LPS e altre sostanze nocive e incrementa l'infiammazione.Four different experiments were performed for the better understanding of the factors that affect rumen fermentation of highly fermentable diets and to develop a model to study GI permeability in ruminants. In study 1, four corn hybrids recommended for corn silage were evaluated for ruminal starch digestibility of their grain fractions. Results suggest that the genotypes and maturity stages greatly influenced the DM and starch digestibility in rumen. In study 2, the results of the in vitro rumen fermentation of different naturally occurring and synthetic sugars revealed that lactulose can be a good probe sugar to study GI tract permeability in ruminants due to its low and slow fermentation rate in rumen. In study 3, for the first time an indomethacin-induced enteropathy model was used in ruminants to assess small intestinal permeability by the lactulose test. The results established that lactulose passed from the intestine to blood with perturbation of some metabolic parameters and inflammation. In study 4, acute acidosis was induced in sheep to test GI permeability during acidosis condition by lactulose test. The results demonstrated that acute acidosis impair the GI barrier function which allow absorption and translocation of LPS and other harmful substances and increase inflammation.
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AHMED, SADEK. "Valutazione di alcuni fattori che influenzano la fermentazione ruminale e le conseguenze dell’acidosi ruminale sulla permeabilità gastrointestinale e sull’infiammazione." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/1734.
Full textAbstract:
Quattro diversi esperimenti sono stati eseguiti per investigare i fattori che influenzano la fermentazione ruminale delle diete altamente fermentescibili e per sviluppare un modello per studiare la permeabilità gastro-intestinale nei ruminanti. Nello studio 1, quattro ibridi di mais sono stati valutati per la digeribilità ruminale delle loro frazioni. I risultati suggeriscono che i genotipi e le fasi di maturità influenzano fortemente la digeribilità della sostanza secca e dell’amido nel rumine. Nello studio 2, i risultati della fermentazione in vitro di diversi zuccheri ha rivelato che il lattulosio può essere uno zucchero indicatore per studiare la permeabilità intestinale nei ruminanti, grazie alla sua bassa fermentescibilità ruminale. Nello studio 3, per la prima volta un modello di enteropatia indotta da indometacina è stato utilizzato per valutare nei ruminanti la permeabilità dell’intestino tenue attraverso il test del lattulosio. I risultati mostrano che il lattulosio è passato dall'intestino al sangue modificando alcuni parametri metabolici e dell'infiammazione. Nello studio 4, una acidosi acuta è stata indotta in pecore per testare la permeabilità gastro-intestinale con il test del lattulosio. I risultati hanno dimostrato che l'acidosi acuta compromette il funzionamento della barriera gastro-intestinale consentendo l'assorbimento e la traslocazione di LPS e altre sostanze nocive e incrementa l'infiammazione.Four different experiments were performed for the better understanding of the factors that affect rumen fermentation of highly fermentable diets and to develop a model to study GI permeability in ruminants. In study 1, four corn hybrids recommended for corn silage were evaluated for ruminal starch digestibility of their grain fractions. Results suggest that the genotypes and maturity stages greatly influenced the DM and starch digestibility in rumen. In study 2, the results of the in vitro rumen fermentation of different naturally occurring and synthetic sugars revealed that lactulose can be a good probe sugar to study GI tract permeability in ruminants due to its low and slow fermentation rate in rumen. In study 3, for the first time an indomethacin-induced enteropathy model was used in ruminants to assess small intestinal permeability by the lactulose test. The results established that lactulose passed from the intestine to blood with perturbation of some metabolic parameters and inflammation. In study 4, acute acidosis was induced in sheep to test GI permeability during acidosis condition by lactulose test. The results demonstrated that acute acidosis impair the GI barrier function which allow absorption and translocation of LPS and other harmful substances and increase inflammation.
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Chavez-Ferrer, Delgado Julio. "Comparación de la preparación previa a colonoscopía con bisacodilo mas lactulosa vs polietilenglicol 4 litros a dosis dividida en pacientes ambulatorios de gastroenterología del Hospital Central FAP." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2014. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/13199.
Full textAbstract:
Introducción: La colonoscopia es el método estándar actual para la evaluación del colon y prueba de oro para la detección del cáncer de colon. La precisión del diagnóstico depende de la calidad de la limpieza o la preparación del colon, además de la habilidad o entrenamiento del profesional que la realizan. La preparación ideal para la colonoscopia debería ser la que logra el vaciamiento del contenido fecal del marco colónico de forma rápida y confiable en su totalidad sin alteración grave o histológica de la mucosa del colon. Esta preparación también no deberá producir ninguna molestia o cambios a nivel hidroelectrolítico en el paciente o efectos sobre la presión arterial o función renal, además que debe tener un bajo costo. Desafortunadamente, ninguna de las preparaciones actuales disponibles cumple todos estos requisitos.
Objetivo: 1) Conocer la calidad de la preparación colónica con Bisacodilo más Lactulosa en comparación con Polietilenglicol, usando la escala de limpieza de Aronchick en pacientes mayores de 18 años del Hospital Central FAP. 2) Identificar el porcentaje de adecuada e inadecuada preparación colónica con Bisacodilo más Lactulosa y Polietilenglicol. 3) Identificar cuantos pacientes culminaron o no las preparaciones colónicas de Bisacodilo mas Lactulosa y Polietilenglicol. 4) Identificar los síntomas y hallazgos endoscópicos durante el estudio con ambas preparaciones.
Materiales y métodos: Estudio Observacional de tipo Transversal en el que se comparo dos preparaciones colónicas, una con Bisacodilo mas Lactulosa y otra con Polietilenglicol. La población de pacientes estuvo constituida por pacientes ambulatorios que acudieron al servicio de gastroenterología del Hospital Central FAP durante el periodo Enero 2014 a Junio 2014. Se diseño la ficha de recolección de datos para evaluar la calidad de la preparación colónica y se analizaron los resultados utilizando el procesador de datos STATA versión 12.0.
Resultados: Entre Enero del 2014 y Junio del 2014 se realizaron 142 colonoscopias a pacientes ambulatorios y hospitalizados del Hospital Central FAP en el Servicio de Gastroenterología, de los cuales 70 (49.3%) se prepararon con Bisacodilo mas Lactulosa y 72 (50.7%) se prepararon con Polietilenglicol, de los cuales se obtuvo una adecuada preparación colónica (considerando un puntaje de 1 o 2 puntos según la Escala de limpieza de Aronchick) 71.4% con Bisacodilo mas Lactulosa versus 65.3% con Polietilenglicol (p = 0.272), siendo el promedio de edad en dichos pacientes 61.1 y 58.5 años respectivamente. En 50% de los pacientes tenían un hallazgo endoscópico normal con ambas preparaciones. La frecuencia de efectos adversos con la preparación de Bisacodilo mas Lactulosa fue de 41.4% y con Polietilenglicol fue de 27.8% (p = 0.112), siendo la nausea y/o vomito el síntoma más frecuente en ambos grupos.
Conclusiones: La preparación colónica con Bisacodilo mas Lactulosa o Polietilenglicol proporciona resultados de limpieza colónica similar. Asimismo no se observo diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre efectos adversos en el uso de alguna de las dos preparaciones.Trabajo académico
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Layton, Anne Alexandra. "Lactulose preparation using food-safe reagents." Thesis, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/5885.
Full textAbstract:
Lactulose is efficiently synthesized from lactose using
catalysts such as boric acid and triethylamine . However, since
neither catalyst is food-safe, both must be removed after
processing. Lactulose is also produced inadvertently during heat
treatment of dairy products, although in small quantity. Studies
have indicated that altering the heat processing conditions can
improve lactulose yield .
A high lactulose , mixed carbohydrate preparation was produced
without the use of toxic catalysts . Using two Taguchi's fractional
factorial designs, eight factors were tested as to their influence
on lactulose yield : pH, lactose, NaOH, citrate and phosphate
concentrations, heating temperature and duration , and purification
of the lactose substrate. In the first design, lactose
concentration (at levels of 40, 79, and 155 mg/mL) , pH (9.0, 10.5,
and 12.0), heating temperature (90, 110, and 130°C), citric acid
concentration (40, 70, 100 mM) and in the second design, NaOH
concentration (18, 50, and 100 mM) , was shown to significantly
influence lactulose yield . All other factors did not significantly
influence lactulose yield at the selected levels . The interactions
of lactose, citrate , and phosphate concentrations of the first
design also significantly influenced lactulose yield . The
conditions selected for the conversion of lactose to lactulose was
decalcified whey permeate at > 70 mg/mL lactose , a pH of 10.5-11.0,
with an added 50 mM sodium citrate , was heat treated at 110°C for
10 minutes. Approximately 30% of initial lactose was converted to
lactulose via primarily the Lobry de Bruyn and Alberda van
Ekenstein transformation.
Again using a Taguchi design, four factors were tested to if
they significantly influenced the preferential precipitation of
lactose over lactulose in a cooled aqueous solution : pH, sugar
concentration, temperature decrease, and final temperature. The pH
of the mixed carbohydrate solution (at levels of 7.0, 9.0, and
10.7) and sugar concentration (29, 39, and 52%) both significantly
influenced either the lactulose yield of precipitation or the sugar
ratio in the decant. For further study, the lactulose preparation
was concentrated to approximately 50% solids and pH 10.5, cooled
from 65° C to 20° C at 5C°/hour, and held for 24 hours,
preferentially precipitating lactose over lactulose. After one cooling cycle, there was a lactose yield of approximetly 82% and a 1:1 lactose: lactose ratio . After a second precipitation of
the decanted portion , there was a 78% lactulose yield and a 3.4:1
lactulose : lactose ratio . There was a total loss of about 40% of
lactulose through the two precipitation cycles. Ion-exchange
columns removed the majority of the natural and added salts from
the lactulose preparations. Activated charcoal removed most of the
brown colour of the preparation but also 30% of the solids .
The final syrup contained 59% lactulose , 26% lactose, 5.0%
galactose, 1.0% glucose, and 0.81% fructose, based on total solids .
Carbohydrates were assayed using an enzymatic spectro-photometric
method. An unidentified substance was detected using thin - layer
chromatography of carbohydrates.
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Fleige, Simone [Verfasser]. "Lactulose in combination with Enterococcus faecium : protective role in calves / Simone Fleige." 2007. http://d-nb.info/986284297/34.
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(5929439), Matthew P. Aardsma. "Alternative Measures of Physiological Stress in Nursery Pigs and Broiler Chickens." Thesis, 2019.
Find full textAbstract:
Farm animals face a variety of stressors during commercial production practices, and economic necessities and ethical considerations require mitigation strategies to help animals cope with stressors that might otherwise reduce animal performance or lead to morbidity. In swine production, arguably the most stressful period of a pig’s life is the first several weeks following weaning (nursery period), where pigs must rapidly adapt to a host of environmental and physiological stressors. In broiler chickens, exposure to environmental temperatures above their comfort zone is a considerable stressor. Accordingly, several studies were conducted with the objective of developing alternative ways to measure physiological stress in nursery pigs and broiler chickens. These alternative methods may improve the ability of animal scientists to measure physiological stress and thereby aid in development of mitigation strategies. Nursery pigs frequently struggle with diarrhea and other intestinal diseases characterized by increases in intestinal permeability. Therefore, several studies were conducted to evaluate the use of non-metabolizable carbohydrates (lactulose and mannitol) as a non-invasive measure of intestinal health in weanling pigs. In Exp 2.1 and Exp 2.2, an aspirin-induced model of intestinal permeability was explored and the excretion pattern of lactulose and mannitol in urine over a 48 h urine collection period was determined. Aspirin at 15 mg/kg BW increased the excretion of lactulose over that of pigs given 0 or 30 mg/kg of aspirin, and therefore has potential to be used to induce intestinal permeability in nursery pigs. The excretion of lactulose and mannitol peaked at 4 h post-oral dose with a solution of lactulose and mannitol and was primarily complete by 8 h post-oral dose. In the few published reports of the lactulose and mannitol test of intestinal health in weanling pigs, the dose of lactulose and mannitol has varied considerably, raising questions as to the comparability of the results. Accordingly, in Exp 3.1, the impact of variation in the dose of lactulose and mannitol was explored, and pigs given the lowest dose at 0.2 g/kg BW lactulose and 0.02 g/kg BW mannitol had large numerical decreases in lactulose excretion warranting further investigation. Pigs in Exp 3.1 also demonstrated low urine recovery rates (50% successful urine collection averaged over the 3 urine collection time points) which were postulated to be due to the stresses associated with urine collection in metabolism cages combining with the stresses of weaning. Therefore, in Exp 3.2, an alternative urine collection procedure was developed that utilized a urine collection pad held in place by an elastic wrap. Results from Exp 3.2 with urine collected either by metabolism cages or via the urine collection pads indicated that the urine collection pad held promise as an alternative urine collection method that would not require the use of metabolism cages. Accordingly, the use of the collection pad was evaluated as part of a lactulose and mannitol test of intestinal health in group-housed nursery pigs in Exp 5.1. In brief, in Exp 5.1, pigs were weaned, transported for 12 h in a livestock trailer, and fed five treatment diets for 14 d post-weaning. The treatment diets were designed to evaluate the additive effects of L-glutamine and a combination of prebiotics and probiotics as potential antibiotic alternatives to aid in mitigating stress associated with weaning and transport. After two weeks of treatment diets, common diets were fed through market-weight. Urine collection pads were used on 40 pigs (8 pigs per treatment) on d 5 and d 12 post-weaning, with pigs allowed to remain in their familiar group pen during the urine collection period, and urine collection success rates averaged 84% across collection days. This improvement over that of Exp 3.1 may indicate that the use of a urine collection pad may improve the ability to obtain urine from pigs shortly after weaning. Considerable variation in the excretion of lactulose and mannitol was still observed similarly to that seen in Exp 3.1 and precluded statistical differences among dietary treatments. An increase in urine collection length was postulated to be one potential way to reduce that variation. Additional responses to the nursery diets fed in Exp 5.1 are discussed in Chapters 4 and 5. In broiler chickens, measurement of physiological heat stress is limited by the existing techniques which have considerable disadvantages. Therefore, in Chapter 6 a simple surgical procedure is detailed that allows small data loggers to be placed into the abdominal cavity of anesthetized broiler chickens. After a period to allow the chickens to recover from the surgery, these data loggers can record the internal temperature of the chicken at user-defined intervals and have the ability to gather large amounts of internal body temperature data in a wide variety of research settings. A more traditional measure of physiological heat stress in chickens is measurement of the temperature of the cloaca with a thermometer. Therefore, to compare the two methods, values from implanted data loggers were compared to values obtained by measuring the temperature of the cloaca in Exp 6.1 and Exp 6.2, and in general, the two methods yielded similar results. Since surgery to implant data loggers is not always possible or practical, in Chapter 7 the development and evaluation of an equation to predict the internal temperature of broiler chickens was investigated. In Exp 7.1, broiler chickens were exposed to four ambient temperatures each day for four days. The surface temperature of the chicken’s face was measured with a thermal imaging camera, while internal temperature was measured with data loggers as in Chapter 6. The resulting prediction equation contained the significant explanatory variables of the surface temperature of the face, the sex of the chicken, and the number of days of heat stress exposure. Accordingly, the accuracy of the prediction equation was evaluated in Exp 7.2, where chickens were exposed to the same 4 ambient temperatures and temperatures of the face and the internal body measured as in Exp 7.1. The prediction equation developed in Exp 7.1 was then used with the inputs of the facial surface temperature, sex of the birds, and number of days of heat stress exposure from chickens in Exp 7.2 to calculate a predicted internal temperature. This predicted internal temperature was then compared to the internal temperature as measured with data loggers in Exp 7.2. While the accuracy varied by experimental day and ambient temperature, the predicted internal temperature averaged 0.32°C greater than the measured internal temperature. Therefore, while the prediction equation shows considerable promise as a non-invasive metric of physiological heat stress in broiler chickens, refinement of the equation may be required in future studies before internal temperature may be predicted with the accuracy desired in a research setting. In conclusion, the lactulose and mannitol urinary test of intestinal health requires more research before wide-spread use but has considerable promise as a non-invasive test. Surgical implantation of data loggers to measure internal temperature of broiler chickens enables precise measurement of physiological heat stress in broiler chickens, and further research may enable accurate prediction of internal body temperature of broiler chickens without requiring invasive measurement techniques.
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Masanetz, Sabine [Verfasser]. "Impact of prebiotic substances on gut health of livestock animals : inulin, lactulose and Pinus massoniana pollen / Sabine Masanetz." 2011. http://d-nb.info/1011398095/34.
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Isik, Kemal. "Untersuchungen zur präbiotischen Wirkung von Lactulose auf die Mikroflora des Magen-Darm-Traktes von Sauen im peripartalen Zeitraum." Doctoral thesis, 2004. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A10601.
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Antunes, Patrícia Filipa Mota. "Encefalopatia hepática: fisiopatologia e tratamento." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/35887.
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Trabalho Final de Mestrado Integrado, Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia, 2016A Encefalopatia Hepática é uma condição clínica que abrange um espectro alargado de perturbações neurológicas e motoras, que se desenvolve na sequência de um comprometimento hepático agudo ou crónico. Os sintomas incluem confusão mental, desorientação visual-espacial, diminuição da coordenação motora e nos estadios mais avançados pode conduzir ao coma. Os sinais clínicos são frequentemente inespecíficos e com grande variabilidade interindividual. Com efeito, o diagnóstico revela-se difícil, tornando-se essencial a realização do despiste de patologias com sintomatologia semelhante. A compreensão da natureza desta patologia é indispensável ao delineamento de estratégias terapêuticas. Neste contexto, a abordagem sobre as atuais opções de tratamento exige uma prévia exposição das características da doença. A Encefalopatia Hepática apresenta uma fisiopatologia multifatorial e complexa, que não está ainda inteiramente clarificada. A elevação da concentração sérica de amónia é a hipótese central da génese da encefalopatia hepática. A sua ação neurotóxica exprime-se tanto no desenvolvimento de edema cerebral, como na alteração da transdução de sinal. A inflamação sistémica mostra ser outra hipótese no desencadeamento da encefalopatia hepática e a sua ação sinérgica com a hiperamonémia conduz a um pior prognóstico. Os esquemas terapêuticos disponíveis, atualmente, assentam sobretudo na redução dos níveis plasmáticos de amónia. A lactulose e a rifaximina são os únicos fármacos com aprovação para o tratamento de encefalopatia hepática. No entanto, os resultados são pouco satisfatórios. Neste sentido, perspetiva-se que as novas descobertas no mecanismo fisiopatológico sejam um caminho para que, futuramente, os fatores inflamatórios possam constituir um novo alvo terapêutico.
Hepatic encephalopathy is a clinical condition, comprising a wide spectrum of neurological and motor disorders, that may develop after acute or chronic liver dysfunction. Symptoms include mental confusion, visual-spacial disorientation, decreased motor coordination and, in advanced stages, coma. Clinical signs are frequently nonspecific and have a high inter-individual variability. Thus, a diagnosis is difficult to establish and other condition/disorders with similar clinical presentations must be excluded beforehand. In order to define a therapeutic strategy, one must first understand the pathological nature of the condition. In this context, revising of current treatment options for hepatic encephalopathy requires a prior explanation of its characteristics. The physiopathology is multifactorial and complex and it is not fully understood yet. The increase of ammonia serum concentration is an important sign underlying hepatic encephalopathy. Neurotoxic activity of ammonia translates in cerebral edema and disturbances in signal transduction pathways. An alternative hypothesis relates to the role of systemic inflammation and its synergistic effect with hyperammonemia, lead together to a worse prognosis. Current therapeutic strategies are based on lowering ammonia serum levels. Lactulose and Rifaximin are the only approved drugs for the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy. However, the results are unsatisfactory. Therefore, the new findings in the pathophysiological mechanism indicate that inflammatory factors may constitute a new therapeutic target, in the future.
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Gilani, Syed Saad Akhtar Hussain. "Biomarkers of increased intestinal permeability in chickens." Thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/119622.
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Enterocytes comprising the single layer of epithelial cells in the intestine are linked together by a series of proteins known as tight junction proteins (TJP). TJP absorb nutrients through selective permeability and act as a barrier between intestinal contents and blood. When the barrier function is compromised this is known as increased intestinal permeability (IP). The aim of the thesis was to investigate biomarkers of increased IP in chickens. Increased IP has been studied extensively in rats, pigs and humans. In contrast, this is a relatively a new area in chickens (Chapter 2). Based on published studies in rats and pigs, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an endotoxin produced by Gram-negative bacteria, was selected as a method for increasing IP in chickens. Three experiments were conducted utilizing LPS to increase IP in chickens (Chapter 3). These studies concluded that LPS failed to increase IP as measured by permeability of lactulose, rhamnose and mannitol sugars (LMR) and fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran (FITC-d) across the epithelial barrier. However, this work generated useful data and indicated for the first time that 90 minutes post-oral gavage was the optimal time-point for blood sampling. Since fasting for 19.5 hours was applied in the protocol of LPS administration (Chapter 3), a second experiment was conducted with fasting for 19.5 hours and dextran sodium sulphate ingestion along with the LMR sugars and FITC-d (Chapter 4). Additional biomarkers such as intestinal fatty acid binding protein, fecal antitrypsin inhibitor, diamine oxidase and d-lactate were also utilized. This paper concluded that 19.5 hours fasting increased IP that could be evaluated by LMR sugar and FITC-d methods. However, DSS ingestion did not show any IP increase in chickens. Since fasting is routinely applied in the chicken meat industry, fasting and its effects on IP were further investigated (Chapter 5). This study revealed that fasting for as little as 4.5 and 9 hours also increased IP in chickens. The study also confirmed that both methods (LMR sugars and FITC-d) could be utilized to evaluate increased IP. Chapter 6 focused on delayed feeding at the time of chicken placement at the farm. However, this study revealed that delayed feeding did not alter IP in very young chickens. Finally, as short-term fasting also increased IP in older chickens, a further study was conducted to investigate whether mRNA expression of gut barrier associated genes was altered (Chapter 7). This study showed that mRNA expression of claudin-3 only was significantly different from control for 9 and 19.5 hours fasting. This thesis has identified several biomarkers that could be utilized to evaluate increased IP in chickens. Some of these biomarkers such as fecal antitrypsin inhibitor, fatty acid binding protein, diamine oxidase and d-lactate could not detect IP changes induced by fasting in the current studies, they could potentially eliminate the need for oral gavage which is required in the FITC-d and LMR sugar tests. Nonetheless, this research project has shown that permeation of LMR sugars and FITC-d across the intestinal epithelium was able to demonstrate IP changes in chickens.Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, 2017
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Işık, Kemal [Verfasser]. "Untersuchungen zur präbiotischen Wirkung von Lactulose auf die Mikroflora des Magen-Darm-Traktes von Sauen im peripartalen Zeitraum / eingereicht von Kemal Işık." 2004. http://d-nb.info/976006626/34.
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Petrazzo, Grégory. "Cibler le système digestif pour protéger le foie : évaluation de l’efficacité prophylactique et thérapeutique de traitements de l’encéphalopathie hépatique dans un modèle murin de cholestase hépatique par ligature de la voie biliaire." Thèse, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/23673.
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Introduction. L’encéphalopathie hépatique (HE) est une complication commune mais sévère des insuffisances hépatiques. La physiopathologie de l’HE provient essentiellement de l’ammoniac dérivé du métabolisme des bactéries intestinales. Le traitement standard pour les patients qui subissent des épisodes manifestes d’HE est le lactulose mais son observance est faible du fait d’effets secondaires inconfortables. La rifaximine est un candidat potentiel mais il n’y a pas de données issues d’essais cliniques suffisamment robustes pour supporter sa seule utilisation. Les traitements anti-fibrotiques sont une autre piste de traitement dans le sens où s’il est possible de prévenir l’avancement de la défaillance hépatique il est alors possible de diminuer la probabilité et la sévérité des épisodes. Deux études indépendantes ont été réalisées dans un modèle de ligature de la voie biliaire, la première étude pour évaluer l’efficacité de traitements thérapeutiques de l’HE (lactulose et rifaximine) utilisés seuls ou en combinaison pour réduire le taux d’ammoniac et améliorer le statut de l’HE; et la seconde étude, pour évaluer des traitements utilisés individuellement pour prévenir l’établissement de la fibrose (acide obéticholique, rapamycine, pirfénidone, acide ursodésoxycholique).
Matériel et méthodes. Les deux projets utilisent un modèle murin de ligature de la voie biliaire. Pour l’évaluation de la rifaximine, trois semaines après la chirurgie, les animaux sont séparés en cinq groupes en fonction du traitement reçu quotidiennement et du modèle : SHAM-VEH, pour les animaux ayant subi un simulacre de chirurgie de ligature de la voie biliaire (SHAM) et traité par le véhicule (VEH); BDL-VEH, pour les animaux ayant subi la chirurgie de ligature de la voie biliaire et traité par le véhicule; BDL-RIF, pour les animaux traités par la rifaximine (RIF); BDL-LAC, pour les animaux traités par le lactulose (LAC); BDL-LAC+RIF, pour les animaux traités par le lactulose et la rifaximin (LAC+RIF). Pour l’évaluation des composés anti-fibrotiques, une semaine après la chirurgie, les animaux sont séparés en six groupes en fonction du traitement reçu quotidiennement et du modèle : SHAM-VEH; BDL-VEH; BDL-OCA pour les animaux traités par l’obéticholique acide (OCA); BDL-RPM, pour les animaux traités par la rapamycine (RPM); BDL-UDCA, pour les animaux traités par l’acide ursodésoxycholique (UDCA); BDL-PFN pour les animaux traités par la pirfenidone (PFN). Les animaux sont alors évalués au cours du modèle pour leur survie, leur consommation de nourriture et leur poids. Les paramètres biochimiques de la fonction hépatiques sont évalués en fin de modèle. Plus particulièrement, le projet sur les composés anti-fibrotiques comprend une analyse plus approfondie de la fibrose par histologie avec établissement du score MÉTAVIR et par mesure du contenu hépatique en hydroxyproline. Le projet rifaximine comprend des analyses comportementales pour évaluer l’HE mais également une mesure de l’œdème cérébral.
Résultats. Pour le projet rifaximine, aucun des deux composés testés (i.e. rifaximin et lactulose) seuls ou combinaison n’ont pas eu d’effets bénéfiques globaux en termes de survie, de croissance, de consommation de nourriture, de tests comportementaux, d’œdème cérébral, de paramètres biochimiques incluant l’ammoniac. Aucun des traitements pris séparément ou en combinaison n’a montré d’efficacité pour le traitement de l’HE. Pour le projet des composés anti-fibrotiques, certains composés ont entrainé une mortalité plus élevée. Aucune différence entre les traitements ne fut observée en termes de croissance, de consommation de nourriture, de paramètres biochimiques, d’histologie et de contenu en hydroxyproline.
Conclusions. Globalement, l’étude sur la rifaximine ne présente pas de résultats suffisamment concluants pour recommander l’utilisation de la rifaximine en remplacement ou en concomitance avec le lactulose. L’étude sur les composés anti-fibrotiques ne permet pas de mettre en évidence un composé capable de limiter la progression de la fibrose.Introduction. Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a major but common complication of liver failures diseases. The physiopathology of HE mainly involves intestinal bacteria metabolism derived ammonia. The golden standard for patients who experience overt episodes of HE is lactulose but its observance is poor due to uncomfortable side effects. On the other hand, Rifaximin is a potent candidate but there is a lack of relevant data from clinical trials to support its sole use. Antifibrotic drugs are another category of treatment that can be useful in the setting of HE since it can prevent the onset of cirrhosis and thus of the liver failure, this can decrease the appearance and severity of the episodes. The aim of this study is to evaluate in a murine model of bile duct ligation the efficiency of therapeutic treatments (lactulose and rifaximin) alone or in combination to decrease blood ammonia and ameliorate HE status; and of prophylactic treatments (obeticholic acid, rapamycin, pirfenidone, ursodeoxycholic acid) individually to prevent the onset of fibrosis. Materials and methods. The two projects used a murine model of bile duct ligation. For the evaluation of the efficiency of rifaximin, three weeks after surgery, the animals were sorted into five groups according to the treatment they received daily and according to the model : SHAM-VEH, for animals that underwent a mock surgery (SHAM) and were treated with vehicle (VEH); BDL-VEH, for animals that underwent a bile duct ligation surgery (BDL) and were treated with vehicle; BDL-RIF, for animals that were treated with rifaximin (RIF); BDLLAC, for animals that were treated with lactulose (LAC); BDL-LAC+RIF for animals that were treated with lactulose and rifaximin (LAC+RIF);. For the evaluation of the effect of antifibrotic drugs, one week after surgery, the animals were sorted into six groups according to the treatment they received daily and according to the model : SHAM-VEH, BDL-VEH, BDL-OCA for animals that were treated with obeticholic acid (OCA); BDL-RPM, for animals that were treated with rapamycine (RPM); BDL-UDCA, for animals that were treated with ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA); BDL-PFN, for animals that were treated with pirfenidone (PFN). All animals were evaluated during the model for survival, food consumption and growth. The biological parameters of the liver function were evaluated at the end of the model. More specifically, this project includes a deeper analysis on fibrosis through histological analysis with establishment of the METAVIR score and measure of the content on hydroxyproline. The rifaximin project includes behavioural analysis to evaluate the HE status and measurement of cerebral edema. Results. Concerning the rifaximin project, no difference can be established between the treatments in term of survival, growth, food consumption, behavioural tests, cerebral edema, biochemistry parameters including ammonia. No treatment, taken alone or in combination, showed efficacy to treat HE. Concerning the antifibrotic drug study, some compounds have shown an increase in mortality, although no difference can be observed on growth, food consumption, biochemistry parameters, histology or hydroxyproline content. Conclusions. Overall, the study on rifaximin does not present strong and conclusive results on the sole use of rifaximin. According to the study on the antifibrotic drugs, no compounds show evidence of prevention of the onset of the fibrosis.
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Vogt, Janet Anne. "An evaluation of the effects of the colonic fermentation of L-rhamnose and lactulose on biosynthesis and serum concentrations of cholesterol and triacylglycerol-fatty acids and serum short-chain fatty acids in humans." 2005. http://link.library.utoronto.ca/eir/EIRdetail.cfm?Resources__ID=232800&T=F.
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Stuke, Oliver [Verfasser]. "Untersuchungen zu möglichen infektions-prophylaktischen Effekten verschiedener Futterzusätze (Ameisen- und Zitronensäure, Lactulose, Pankreasenzyme) unter den Bedingungen einer experimentellen oralen Belastung mit E. coli (Absetzferkel) bzw. mit S. Derby (Mastschweine) / vorgelegt von Oliver Stuke." 2003. http://d-nb.info/969274149/34.
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