Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Lactosérum – Teneur en protéines'
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Khaldi, Marwa. "Étude du lien entre la physico-chimie de dérivés laitiers et leur aptitude à l’encrassement lors du traitement thermomécanique en échangeur de chaleur." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10032/document.
Full textThis Ph.D. work is a contribution for understanding the fouling in plate heat exchangers (PHE) during the heat treatment of whey protein solutions. This work aims at establishing the relationship between the composition of the different whey protein solutions (β-lactoglobulin content (β-lg) and calcium), their denaturation behaviour and their ability to foul the hot surfaces of the PHE.This study showed the strong impact of the calcium content and the calcium/protein molar ratio on the β-lg thermal denaturation mechanisms, the distributions of the deposit fouling, deposit formation dynamics and the structure of the first deposit layers.The determination of the β-lg denaturation kinetic constants and the knowledge of the thermal profile allowed to simulate the concentration profiles of the different β-lg species (native, unfolded and aggregated) along the PHE and to study the correlation between the dry deposit mass of and the amount of denatured β-lg in the PHE. This simulation highlighted the negligible role of the aggregates in the fouling mechanisms and both the influence of the unfolded species and the calcium content on the distribution of protein deposition. Finally, a new correlation between the distribution of dry deposit masses in each channel of the PHE and the denaturation kinetic parameters was determined for each studied protein solution, showing thus that chemical reaction engineering approaches are requested for predicting proteinaceous fouling
Erabit, Nicolas. "Caractérisation expérimentale et modélisation de la dénaturation et de l’agrégation de la beta-lactoglobuline au cours d’un traitement thermique de type industriel." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, AgroParisTech, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AGPT0094.
Full textThis work aims to model the formation of whey protein aggregates during continuous thermo-mechanical treatment (heat exchanger) with integration of the physicochemical properties (protein content and mineral content). This simulation work is supported by knowledge from literature and experimentation carried out in addition with literature.A two-step work was done at two scales. At laboratory scale, the samples were submitted to well controlled and almost homogenous thermo-mechanical treatments. This was used as data base to develop a mechanistic model of transformation for the irreversible aggregation of beta-lactoglobulin in solution in function of time/temperature/shear. This first step allows obtaining a model for one profile but not for a pilot-scale heat treatment. The hypothesis is that the dispersion of aggregate sizes in continuous heat treatment is partly due to distribution of residence times: proteins in the slowest parts of the fluid have more time to aggregate. Experiments were carried out on a continuous pilot of heat treatment
Saint-Sauveur, Diane. "Propriétés immunomodulantes des protéines et peptides du lactosérum." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26519/26519.pdf.
Full textGulzar, Muhammad. "Dry heating of whey proteins under controlled physiocochdemical conditions : structures, inteactions and functionalities." Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NSARB220.
Full textDry heating is a pre-texturization process for food protein ingredients to improve their techno-functional properties (gelling, foaming, and emulsifying). The aim of this thesis was to identify the physicochemical characteristics of whey powders that modulate the structural changes of proteins during dry heating and the gelling properties of dry heated proteins. For this purpose, whey powders with various physicochemical characteristics in terms of pH, water activity, and composition (protein ratio, trace of calcium and lactose) were dry heated under different heat intensities (temperature/times). The water activity of the powder and dry heat intensity (temperature/times) accelerate the kinetic of denaturation/aggregation of whey proteins. Trace of lactose and pH also affect the structure of dry heated proteins. At pH 2. 5 the protein molecules were mainly linked together by intermolecular disulfide bonds, while at pH 6. 5, covalent cross-links other than disulfide bonds were also involved in formed aggregates. Depending upon its nature (free or fixed to proteins) and pH of powder, the lactose affects differently the denaturation/aggregation of whey proteins. In addition, non-native protein monomers having mass loss of 18 Da were also generated. Depending upon the quantity of soluble and insoluble aggregates of proteins, the gelling properties were changed. These results show the dominance of certain physicochemical characteristics of powder on protein structure modifications and their gelling properties, thus giving indications for improving the reproducibility of the functionality of dry heated protein ingredients at the industry
Michel, Agnès. "Production de protéines de levures à partir de lactosérum brut." Lyon 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LYO10709.
Full textThiers, Claudine. "Étude du fractionnement d'hydrolysats trypsiques de protéines du lactosérum par nanofiltration." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ44973.pdf.
Full textMahmoudi, Najet. "Impact de la structure sur les propriétés interfaciales d'agrégats de protéines globulaires du lactosérum." Nantes, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NANT2102.
Full textWhey proteins are widely used in the food industry for their emulsifying and foaming properties. The thermo-mechanical treatment during processing leads to aggregate formation whose role in the stabilization of dispersed systems is still poorly understood. In the present work, whey protein isolates have been subjected to thermal treatments, with or without shearing, in order to generate different types of aggregates. We have shown by light scattering and small angle neutron scattering as well as by cryo-transmission electron microscopy that aggregates formed without mechanical treatment have a fractal structure. The size and the fractal dimension of these aggregates depend on the ionic force and the protein concentration for neutral pH. Under shear, spherical structures of nanometric size have been observed. With dynamic drop tensiometry, Langmuir film balance studies and AFM the air-water interfacial layers have been characterized for the different aggregates types. It could be shown that the tension and dilatational elasticity properties depend on the presence of isolated proteins as well as on the size of the objects and their internal cohesion
Bordenave-Juchereau, Stéphanie. "Hydrolyse de l'alpha-lactalbumine caprine en réacteur à l'ultrafiltration : génération et caractérisation de peptides issus de l'hydrolyse pepsique." La Rochelle, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LAROS036.
Full textCloss, Brigitte. "Influence de la stucture sur les propriétés de surface des protéines du lactosérum." Dijon, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990DIJOS034.
Full textRullier, Bénédicte. "Rôle des agrégats de protéines dans la formation et la stabilisation de mousses." Nantes, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NANT2095.
Full textThe foam formation depends on the nature of the protein and on their capacity to stabilize the air/water interfaces. During food processes, proteins undergo thermomechanical treatments leading to their aggregation in self-assembled structures. However, only a given fraction of the proteins is aggregated and this part may be considerably influence the foaming properties. This thesis aims at considering the aggregation part in the foam formation and stabilization at the different foam scales (air/water interface and foam film). Protein aggregates with different sizes were obtained by heat-induced denaturation of b-lactoglobulin, major whey protein for which the aggregation is well-known. Whatever the aggregate size, solutions containing exclusively protein aggregates lead to less stable foams than that of non aggregated proteins alone, due to the low capacity of aggregates to adsorb at the air/water interfaces. With non aggregated proteins, aggregates are able to improve the foaming properties. The viscoelasticity of the interfacial adsorbed layers is reinforced and a gel-like network is formed within the foam film, rigidifying the interface and slowing down the foam drainage. In the case of the gel-like network cannot be formed, protein aggregates can locate in the Plateau borders, slowing down the flow in the foam
Girard, Maude. "Étude des propriétés émulsifiantes d'un complexe de protéines de lactosérum et de carboxyméthylcellulose." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0018/MQ48927.pdf.
Full textDemers, Mathieu Véronique. "Activité antimicrobienne d'un extrait peptidique issus d'un hydrolysat trypsique de protéines de lactosérum." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28671/28671.pdf.
Full textIung, Catherine. "Les propriétés fonctionnelles des protéines du lactosérum : Étude modélisée avec la beta -lactoglobuline." Nancy 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10152.
Full textAch, Delphine. "Microencapsulation par coacervation complexe des protéines du lactosérum et de la gomme d’acacia." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10186/document.
Full textThis work deals with the study of linseed oil microencapsulation by complex coacervation of whey proteins and acacia gum. It focuses on the coacervation of whey proteins and acacia gum in aqueous medium as well as the mechanisms involved in the formation of microcapsules by complex coacervation. Complex coacervation is an associative phase separation phenomenon induced by electrostatic interactions between two polymers. The most widely used pair of polymers in complex coacervation is the system gelatin / acacia gum. However, the use of gelatin is a matter of controversy for food applications. An interesting alternative to gelatin consists of whey proteins and their major component, beta-lactoglobulin. An investigation of the composition of the coacervate system whey protein / acacia gum was carried out during this work. Capillary gel electrophoresis was used to quantify beta-lactoglobulin and alphalactalbumin in the coacervate. The influence of protein / polysaccharide ratio and pH on the composition of the coacervate was studied. Although the encapsulation process by complex coacervation has been known for many years, the mechanisms leading to the formation of microcapsules are not so much described. The encapsulation process by complex coacervation leading to the formation of microcapsules includes several stages that were examined. The emulsification step takes place in the intermediate flow regime. The modeling in turbulent regime accounted for experimental results and might be used for scaling-up the process. In situ monitoring of the encapsulation process by complex coacervation was performed for the first time in this study. It was carried out using a video probe immersed in a stirred reactor. This technique identified four successive steps induced by lowering the pH: the emulsification of the oil, the formation of the coacervate, the adsorption of the coacervate on the oil droplets, the formation of an encapsulation shell. The influence of physico-chemical parameters (protein / polysaccharide ratio and total concentration of biopolymers) and parameters related to the coacervation step on the formation of microcapsules were also studied by using the video probe
Carrère, Hélène. "Extraction des protéines du lactosérum par chromatographie d'échange d'ions en lit fluidisé. Modélisation et optimisation." Toulouse, INPT, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPT019G.
Full textForkwa, Germaine Enyoh. "Boissons fermentées de type yogourt à boire enrichies en protéines de lactosérum et en probiotiques." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27736.
Full textThe aim of this project was to develop new fermented milk beverages from whey protein concentrates with attractive sensory properties. Other desired characteristics for these beverages were high protein concentration, high probiotic content and no use of additives (sugar, polysaccharides, colorants, artificial flavors). These drinks would have potential benefits on cardiovascular health, body weight and the well-being of consumers. Beverages containing 10% whey protein were obtained by fermenting whey protein concentrates (WPC) and/or whey protein isolates (WPI). Ten WPCs and two WPIs were evaluated for their ability to allow lactic fermentation by 2 types of mesophilic starter cultures. The medium with the best fermentation kinetics and the best organoleptic properties was selected. The impact of 7 thermophilic starter and 2 probiotic cultures on cell concentration and stability, post acidification and organoleptic properties was studied. The fermentations were adapted to generate products with at least 1 to 10 billion probiotics per serving. This project allowed the development of fermented beverages (drinking yogurt type) with 10% whey proteins and 2 billion probiotic bacteria per mL, exclusively from whey derivatives. Each 100 mL serving contained 200 billion probiotics and would be considered as a product with the highest probiotics counts on the Quebec market. These results could lead to the marketing of new products with high growth potential that respond to several market trends in the health food sector.
Andoyo, Robi. "Complexes thermo-induits de protéines de lactosérum : comment interagissent-ils avec la caséine dans les gels acides de lait ?" Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NSARB251.
Full textIn this project, we aimed at evaluating the role of physical factors, such as size and number of the denatured whey protein particles, on the acid gelation of skim milk model systems. To do that, two approaches were used, i. E. Varying the concentration, or the size of the particles using emulsification or microfluidics. Although concentration, size and number are somehow linked, our results showed that higher gel firmness is reached when connectivity is enhanced, i. E. When numerous particles are present; and in the case of mixtures with casein micelles, when enough particles are present to connect micelles together. The effect of size was less evident. Clearly, decreasing size leads to an increase in number and we indeed observed that small whey protein particles were forming gels with higher firmness. However, the effect was not linear, which suggested that a threshold value exists where the connectivity is not only low (due to a low number of particles) but maybe destroyed (due to hindrance of big particles in the gel). Although the denatured whey protein aggregates quantitatively affect the gel’s firmness and connectivity, the mechanism of gelation of model milk seemed to be essentially driven by the casein micelle, since the mixed gel had qualitatively the same scaling behavior than the pure casein. This is in agreement with the observation that whey protein aggregates preferably interact with the surface of the casein micelles, yielding “modified” casein micelles, with little or no side-interaction between the whey protein aggregates
Gaschina, Winfried. "Fractionnement de mélanges de macromolécules par diafiltration : exemple d'application aux protéi͏̈nes du lactoserum." Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30057.
Full textLeclerc, Pierre-Louis. "Élaboration de nanoparticules de protéines de lactosérum comme système d'administration de quercétine en système gastro-intestinal." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28400/28400.pdf.
Full textPerreault, Véronique. "Contribution à la compréhension de la fonctionnalité des protéines du lactosérum dénaturées dans la matrice fromagère." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27782.
Full textLa transformation du lactosérum de fromagerie en concentré de protéines du lactosérum dénaturées (CPLD), pour recyclage dans une production fromagère subséquente, est maintenant pratique courante dans l’industrie à grande échelle au Canada. Bien que les CPLD puissent être utilisés comme ingrédients de remplacement de la matière grasse, vu les coûts élevés de la protéine laitière dans le contexte canadien, l’emploi de CPLD vise parfois plutôt à substituer en partie la caséine du lait dans le fromage. Le CPLD ayant servi à réaliser le présent projet représente un CPLD conçu en milieu industriel dans cette optique. De façon générale, l’introduction de CPLD dans le lait de fromagerie est associée à une rétention d’eau accrue dans le fromage et à des changements de texture, mais les mécanismes responsables de ces phénomènes demeurent à clarifier. Cette thèse avait pour but d’étudier et expliquer les conséquences de l’addition de CPLD au lait de fromagerie sur les propriétés physico-chimiques des gels présure et mécaniques du fromage. Une première étude a permis d’évaluer l’effet combiné des niveaux de CPLD et de gras dans le lait de fromagerie sur ses propriétés de coagulation par la présure et la capacité de contraction du gel. L’augmentation du niveau de substitution des protéines du lait par des protéines du CPLD a résulté en une diminution du taux de coagulation et de la rigidité du gel (module d’élasticité - G), ainsi qu’en une diminution de la capacité de contraction du gel. Un effet direct du CPLD sur ces propriétés, au-delà d’un effet attribué à la dilution des caséines, a été mis en évidence. En outre, cette étude a permis de confronter l’effet des agrégats de protéines du lactosérum dénaturées, considérés comme éléments de remplissage des gels, à l’effet d’un autre type d’éléments de remplissage soient les gouttelettes de gras : à fractions volumiques équivalentes, les résultats ont montré des impacts distincts sur les propriétés mécaniques des gels. Une seconde étude a permis d’évaluer l’effet des différentes fractions du CPLD sur les propriétés de coagulation du lait par la présure et la capacité de contraction du gel. Le CPLD a été fractionné par centrifugation et dialyse en trois composantes : agrégats sédimentables, composante non sédimentable et composante diffusible. La composante diffusible (minéraux solubles) n'a pas affecté les paramètres de coagulation et de contraction. Les agrégats sédimentables de même que la composante non sédimentable ont influencé négativement les propriétés de coagulation ainsi que la capacité de contraction du gel. Les résultats ont notamment suggéré que des complexes protéiques solubles (non sédimentables et non diffusibles) retrouvés dans le CPLD puissent interagir avec les micelles de caséine emprésurées et limiter la formation et la contraction du gel. Une troisième étude a permis d’évaluer l'effet du CPLD et de ses fractions sur la composition et les propriétés mécaniques du fromage. La centrifugation a été utilisée pour induire un gradient d'humidité dans le fromage, afin d’isoler la contribution directe du CPLD et de ses fractions aux propriétés mécaniques du fromage. Le rendement et la teneur en humidité du fromage ont augmenté et la rigidité du fromage (module complexe - G*) a diminué avec l’augmentation du niveau de substitution des protéines du lait par des protéines du CPLD dans le lait de fromagerie. Cependant, pour des fromages ayant une même teneur en humidité, l’augmentation du niveau de CPLD n'a pas eu d'effet direct sur les paramètres rhéologiques. Les agrégats sédimentables ont été principalement responsables de l'augmentation du rendement fromager avec l’utilisation de CPLD. Dans l'ensemble, la teneur en humidité a expliqué en grande partie la variation des propriétés rhéologiques du fromage en fonction de la fraction de CPLD. Toutefois, en éliminant l'effet de l'humidité, l'addition des agrégats sédimentables du CPLD a conduit à une augmentation de la rigidité du fromage. Par la mise en évidence de l’effet distinct de chacune des fractions du CPLD, au cours de la transformation du lait en fromage, ces travaux ont conduit à l’identification de mécanismes d’action expliquant l’impact de l’introduction de CPLD dans le lait de fromagerie sur les propriétés des gels présure et du fromage : des connaissances en appui au développement de CPLD de haute performance en fromagerie et à l’amélioration de la qualité du fromage enrichi de CPLD.
Transformation of cheese whey into denatured whey protein concentrate (DWPC) for recycling into a subsequent cheese production is now common practice in large-scale industry in Canada. Although DWPC can be used as a fat replacer, considering the high cost of dairy protein in the Canadian context, DWPC is sometimes used as a substitute for milk casein in cheese. The DWPC used to carry out this project consists in a DWPC designed for this purpose in an industrial context. The introduction of DWPC into cheese milk is generally associated with increased water retention in cheese and changes in texture, but the mechanisms responsible for these phenomena remain to be clarified. This thesis was aimed at studying and explaining the consequences of the addition of DWPC to cheese milk on the physicochemical properties of rennet gels and mechanical properties of cheese. A first study evaluated the combined effect of DWPC and fat concentrations in milk on the rennet-induced coagulation properties and gel contraction capacity. The increase in the substitution level of DWPC proteins for milk proteins in cheese milk resulted in a decrease in coagulation rate and gel rigidity (elastic modulus - G), as well as a decrease in gel contraction capacity. A direct effect of the DWPC on these properties was demonstrated beyond an effect attributed to casein dilution. Moreover, this study allowed to compare the effect of denatured whey protein aggregates to that of fat globules, while both elements are considered to be fillers in rennet gels. For equivalent volume fractions, the results clearly showed different impacts of these fillers on gel mechanical properties. A second study evaluated the effect of different fractions from the DWPC on the rennet-induced coagulation properties and gel contraction capacity. The DWPC was fractionated by centrifugation and dialysis into three components: sedimentable aggregates, non-sedimentable component and diffusible component. The diffusible component (soluble minerals) did not affect coagulation and contraction parameters. The sedimentable aggregates and the non-sedimentable component both negatively influenced the coagulation properties as well as gel contraction capacity. The results suggested that beyond the effect of sedimentable whey protein aggregates, soluble proteinaceous complexes (non-sedimentable and non-diffusible) found in the DWPC could interact with the renneted casein micelles and limit gel formation and contraction. A third study evaluated the effect of DWPC and its fractions on the composition and mechanical properties of cheese. Centrifugation was used to induce a moisture gradient in the cheese to isolate the direct contribution of the DWPC and its fractions to the mechanical properties of cheese. Cheese yield and moisture content increased and cheese rigidity (complex modulus - G*) decreased when the DWPC was substituted for milk proteins in milk. However, for cheeses with the same moisture content, the substitution of DWPC proteins for milk proteins had no direct effect on rheological parameters. The sedimentable aggregates were primarily responsible for the increase in cheese yield with the use of DWPC. Overall, moisture content explained to a large extent the variation in cheese rheological properties depending on the DWPC fraction. However, when the effect of moisture was removed, the addition of the DWPC sedimentable aggregates to milk led to an increase in cheese rigidity. By demonstrating the distinct effect of each of the DWPC fractions during the processing of milk into cheese, this work led to the identification of mechanisms that explain the impact of introducing DWPC in cheese milk on the properties of rennet gels and cheese. These knowledges could support the development of high-performance ingredients that increase whey proteins recovery in cheese and could help to improve the quality of DWPC-fortified cheese.
Audebert, Alexia. "Stabilisation et texturation de mousses liquides par des protéines de lactosérum chauffées à l'état de poudre." Thesis, Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NSARB317/document.
Full textThe objective of this work is to identify the conditions and mechanisms of the creation or improvement of the stability and rheology of whey proteins foams. To this aim, we studied the interfacial rheology of protein layers adsorbed at the air/water interface, the liquid films dynamics after a topological rearrangement, the stability and rheology of whey protein foams. Both a mixture of whey proteins and purified ß-lactoglobulin, used as a model protein, were studied. To study the relationships with protein structure, proteins were modified by dry-heating of whey protein powders. A wide variety of structural changes was obtained by varying simultaneously multiple dry-heating parameters.Interestingly, low-extent structural modifications have a dramatic impact on interfacial rheology, liquid film dynamics, foam stability and foam rheology. The effects of dry-heating parameters on the foam properties are complex and depend on their combination and the considered foam feature. Our original multiscale approach (interface, film dynamics and foam) sheds light on the contribution of the interfacial rheology to protein foam properties. In particular, foam dynamics have been shown to play a predominant role
Chevalier, Laura. "Étude des interactions entre les protéines de lactosérum et les fibres du bleuet dans la formulation d'aliments enrichis en fibres et en protéines." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/30958.
Full textFiber and protein are two nutrients highly desired by health-conscious consumers, however they cause texture and instability problems in the food products in which they are incorporated. In mixed systems, these two macromolecules may form complexes by electrostatic associative interactions under certain well-known conditions but far from food matrices and industrial reality. To date, there has been very little work on the application of protein-polysaccharide complexes in food products. In this thesis, interactions between whey proteins and blueberry puree, more specifically pectin, were studied in order to form protein-pectin complexes improving the functional properties of foods and beverages enriched in fiber and proteins. Firstly, purees of several blueberry cultivars were characterized, in particular in terms of fiber and pectin contents. Two cultivars were selected for the further work, namely Patriot for its larger production in Quebec and Polaris for its fiber richness. It was shown that the degree of methylation (DM) of their pectin can be decreased (< 50%) by applying a low-temperature blanching (LTB) onto the puree. A lower DM corresponds to a higher overall charge density, which may improve the pectin affinity toward proteins Then, whey protein isolate was added to non-heated and heated (LTB + pasteurization) purees. This time, blanching did not reduce DM and heating resulted in the solubilization of highly methylated pectin (DM > 70%). Regardless of the cultivar, insoluble protein-pectin complexes were formed at the acidic pH of blueberry (pH 3.5) in the non-heated puree and contributed to increase the viscosity of the resulting mixtures. In the heated puree, the high DM of pectin and the higher amount of soluble pectin probably decreased the pectin affinity toward proteins and increased the stability of the complexes. The non-heated mixtures that contained complexes were used to formulate smoothies and bars rich in fiber and protein. The final pasteurization of the smoothies enhanced complexation and reduced their particle size, which helped for reducing their viscosity, compared to the smoothies without whey proteins. For bars, complexes increased their initial hardness in particular because of a slower solubilization within the matrix, compared to bars without complexes. However, they contributed to slow kinetics of hardening over time, explained by a better stability of bar water activity and probably by a decrease in protein aggregation. All of this work demonstrated that a matrix composed of proteins added to blueberry puree is a functional ingredient that may be readily incorporated into formulations to produce foods and beverages rich in fiber and protein. These results show that the complexes formed between the proteins and the pectin in a puree have a significant impact on the textural and rheological properties of these products. They provide an original approach and new support for the industrial development of functional foods and beverages enriched with both fiber and protein.
Bramaud, Catherine. "Optimisation d'un procédé de fractionnement des protéines du lactosérum incluant une précipitation sélective et une séparation par centrifugation ou par membrane." Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30236.
Full textRolland, Martin. "Mise au point d'un hydrolysat enzymatique de protéines de lactosérum pour la fortification protéique d'un jus d'orange." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ44951.pdf.
Full textRusu, Daniel. "Mécanismes d'action d'un extrait protéique du lactosérum bovin sur les fonctions du neutrophile humain." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/26585/26585.pdf.
Full textDimitrova, Tatiana. "Emulsions stabilisées par les protéines : forces colloi͏̈dales, rhéologie et crémage." Bordeaux 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR12223.
Full textGaaloul, Sami. "Étude de la gélification et de l'incompatibilité thermodynamique de mélanges de protéines de lactosérum/kappa-carraghénane sous cisaillement." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26067/26067.pdf.
Full textBertrand, Marie-Ève. "Étude des propriétés gélifiantes et viscosifiantes de systèmes mixtes isolat de protéines de lactosérum-polysaccharides en conditions associatives." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25166/25166.pdf.
Full textProtein polysaccharide interactions depend on both environmental conditions and intrinsic properties. Results are co-solubility, complexation and incompatibility. Complexation and incompatibility have demonstrated improvement of functional properties of mixed systems compared to those of the individual components. Incompatibility being the rule, the aim of this study is to widen knowledge on functional properties of mixed protein-polysaccharide systems in presence of compatibility or associative interactions and to characterise the new emerging functional properties. A first mixed system of whey protein isolate-xanthan has been studied for its gelling abilities following pH and protein-polysaccharide ratio variations. Following application of a thermal treatment, the solution passed from compatible to incompatible. Gelation was demonstrated by an increase in elastic modulus (G’) due to incompatibility as observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Addition of NaCl increased this incompatibility and made it excessive at a certain critical concentration leading to loss in G’. Compatibility has then been studied on a whey protein isolate-pectin system. Varying pH, biopolymer total concentration and protein-polysaccharide ratio allowed soluble complex formation which was confirmed with the measurement of absorbance and the number of charge. This compatibility led to a decrease in viscosity in diluted solution due to soluble complex formation while in concentrated solution, complexation rather increased it. A model system of firm yogurt was finally studied following incorporation of whey protein isolate and pectin first complexed and stabilised. Protein and total solid concentrations were kept constant. Milky solutions were acidified with glucono-delta-lactone. Results demonstrate that incorporation of complexes at different concentrations hampers the formation of a homogenous protein network provoking a decrease in gel stiffness and an increase in syneresis. Microscopic observations supported these conclusions. Mixed solutions prepared by carefully condunting complex formation allow the design of new functional properties. However, a better knowledge of these mixes is necessary in order to achieve varied and precise functional properties in food formulation.
Nabil, Samira. "Étude de la digestion gastro-intestinale in vitro d'un ingrédient de protéines du lactosérum enrichi en facteurs de croissance." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27491/27491.pdf.
Full textSuc, Sylvie. "Amélioration génétique de la teneur en protéines du soja (Glycine max L. Merr. )." Toulouse, INPT, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPT027A.
Full textCalco, Michel. "Contribution à la valorisation des lactosérums industriels à l'aide des techniques de séparation par membranes." Nancy 1, 1997. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1997_0287_CALCO.pdf.
Full textRodriguez-Serrano, Gabriela. "Micro et ultrafiltration de jus de fruits et de lactosérum hydrolysé par voie enzymatique." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20230.
Full textGeagea, Hany. "Contrôle des phages dans le lactosérum : étude de leur protection par les protéines sériques et identification d'un déterminant génétique responsable de leur résistance thermique." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28377.
Full textThe incorporation of whey protein concentrates (WPC) into cheese is a risky process due to the potential contamination with thermo-resistant phages of lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Furthermore, whey proteins can protect phages during heat treatment, thereby increasing the above risk. The objectives of this work were to understand this protective effect and to identify genetic determinant(s) responsible for the thermal resistance of lactococcal phages. First, the effect of pH and time of heating on the inactivation of lactococcal thermo-resistant phage P1532 (Sk1virus/936 group) was measured, at 95 ºC, in WPC and in three individual major whey components. The molecular structure changes of the tested proteins were also monitored by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Phage inactivation results indicated that acidic conditions of WPC favor the destruction of dairy phages by heat treatment. Moreover, it revealed that the protective effect of whey proteins was pH and time dependent and was not restricted to one component. FTIR spectra suggest that the protection is related to protein molecular structures and to the level of protein aggregates. Then, to further investigate this protection, we used lactoferrin (LF) as a whey protein model as a result of its unique physicochemical properties. We combined FTIR and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopies to monitor the structural conformational changes of LF. Phage inactivation results revealed a strong protective effect of LF on P1532 phage at pH 5 but none at pH 7. Spectroscopic analysis showed that LF was unfolded after heating at pH 7, while it preserved its tertiary and secondary structures when heated at pH 5. In sum, there is a direct correlation between the thermal stability of whey proteins and their ability to protect P1532 phage from heat treatment. The results obtained in this respect offer new tools to minimize the impact of the protective effect on lactococcal phages. In order understand the thermal resistance of LAB phages, we aimed to identify genetic determinant(s) responsible for the thermal resistance of lactococcal phages. After challenging CB14 heat-sensitive phage (Sk1virus/936 group) to low and high temperatures, two phages with increased thermal resistance were selected. Sequencing of their genome revealed a 120 bp deletion in the gene coding for the tape measure protein (TMP). The TMP protein sequences of mutant phages were compared with their homologues in other wild-type L. lactis phages with a wide diversity in heat stability. Comparative analysis of TMP proteins of other lactococcal phages identified the same deletions in the extremely heat-stable phages P680 and P1532. We propose that the TMP is, in part, responsible for the heat stability of the highly predominant lactococcal phages of the Sk1virus group. Identifying this genetic determinant for Sk1virus heat stability is a first step to understand the emergence of this group of thermostable phages, and may lead to improved control strategies in the cheese industry
Espina, Perez Valentina Soledad. "Fractionnement de protéines du lait par filtration dynamique." Compiègne, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009COMP1820.
Full textThis thesis focuses on milk proteins fractionation by dynamic filtration. A two-stage process has been proposed in order to separate milk proteins into three main fractions: casein micelles, A-Lactalbumin and A-Lactoglobulin. The first stage of the process consists in microfiltration of skim milk for separating casein micelles from whey proteins. The performances of two dynamic filtration modules: the Multi Shaft Disk (MSD) module and the rotating disk module have been compared. The results have shown that the MSD module presents high permeate flux, good whey proteins transmission and high casein micelles rejection. The second stage of the process is the separation of A-Lactalbumin from B-Lactoglobulin by ultrafiltration. The rotating disk module equipped with a disk with vanes and rotating at 2000 rpm, was used. The protein transmission and selectivity were constant during whey concentration. This is an advantage of dynamic filtration because in crossflow filtration protein transmission and selectivity decreased during whey concentration. The selectivities obtained with dynamic filtration, without changes in pH and ionic strength of the solution, were in the same range as those obtained with crossflow filtration after pH and ionic strength optimization
Lemay, Guylaine. "Étude de la stabilité thermique des protéines de lactosérum et de leur comportement en solution, en présence de divers dextrans." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0020/MQ56761.pdf.
Full textChevallier, Marie. "Stabilisation des émulsions laitières aux cours des traitements technologiques : action combinée des agrégats de protéines de lactosérum et des caséines." Thesis, Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NSARB294/document.
Full textDairy emulsions are thermodynamically unstable systems, which have to be resistant to the technological treatments (heating, freezing/thawing) applied during their manufacture or use. Whey protein-rich emulsions are particularly sensitive to technological treatments and instabilities are currently tackled by the use of non-dairy additives. With aim to offer products that are more natural to consumers (additive-free), the preparation of whey protein-rich emulsions without additive and stable during technological treatments constitutes a major challenge for dairy companies. The strategy adopted during this thesis was to combine the properties of the whey proteins aggregates and caseins in order to stabilize emulsion during technological treatments in a large range of protein concentrationsEmulsions were prepared with various whey protein aggregates and various whey protein aggregates/caseins ratio. Whatever the whey protein aggregates, their presence at the fat droplet surface destabilize the emulsions (gelation/phase separation) whereas they are stable in the continuous phase of the emulsions during technological treatments. In contrast, emulsions are extremely stable during technological treatments when caseins fully cover the fat droplet surface. The results obtained highlighted the possibility of modulating the stability during technological treatments of whey protein-rich emulsions by combining the properties of the whey protein aggregates and the caseins and by controlling their repartition between the fat droplet surface and the continuous phase of the emulsion
Piva, Guillaume. "Maîtrise de la qualité biochimique de la graine pour deux légumineuses : soja, haricot : impact des conditions de culture et des choix de génotypiques." Toulouse, INPT, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001INPT005A.
Full textMyrand, Sophie. "Amélioration des propriétés physico-chimiques et organoleptiques d'hydrolysats enzymatiques de protéines du lactosérum destinés à la fortification protéique d'un jus d'orange." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ47527.pdf.
Full textAspirault, Claudie. "Impact de la température de préchauffage sur la séparation des protéines du lactosérum par acidification chimique ou électrochimique avec membrane bipolaire." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66343.
Full textLacaze, Xavier. "Interprétation des interactions génotype x environnement et étude des Déterminants génétiques de l'adaptation : exemple de la teneur en protéines du grain de blé dur (Triticum turgidum)." École nationale supérieure agronomique (Montpellier), 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ENSA0019.
Full textHernandez-Sanchez, Fabiola. "Contribution à l'étude du séchage de la spiruline et de son impact sur la qualité biochimique du produit sec." Lyon 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LYO10313.
Full textSpirulina is a high nutritive foodstuff which contains 55% to 65% of proteins. The quality of the dry product depends on drying methods. Thus, in this work, the convective drying method was investigated as concern process parameters influence and the influence of several drying methods on the biochemical quality of dried product. An air-lift photobioreactor of 40 L volume was built in order to obtain an important production of fresh biomass for the drying experiments. It was possible characterize its productivity and the spirulina cultures growth rate. The shrinkage behaviour of the biomass with convective drying was characterized for the initial samples shaped as cylinders and thin layers. The drying rate was corrected by taking of account the shrinkage. This revealed the existence of a constant drying rate periods for cylinders of various initial diameters. The Characteristic Drying Curve (CDC) and the values of the water mean diffusion coefficient were estimated for the cylinders. The proteins and total sugars contents on dried samples were analyzed after different drying methods by convective, infra-red, atomization, and freeze-drying. The best drying method for the recovery of proteins and total sugars contents was freeze-drying
Kossinova, Olga. "Insights into the selenocysteine incorporation mechanism in mammals." Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA6221.
Full textThe amino acid selenocysteine is encoded by a UGA triplet which acts generally as a stop codon. A specialized machinery is used to incorporate this amino acid into selenoproteins, involving a specific stem-loop, termed SelenoCysteine Insertion Sequence (SECIS), and some protein factors. One of those is the SECIS Binding Protein 2 (SBP2), which is necessary for ribosome recognition of the UGA as the Sec codon. Using synthetic selenocysteine mRNAs and translational inhibitors, several steps of mRNA translation were analyzed. The data obtained allowed us to propose the following mechanism for selenocysteine insertion : during the transpeptidation step of elongation, SBP2 is bound to the ribosome; however, after transpeptidation, SBP2 leaves the ribosome and binds the SECIS in the pre-translocation step. We showed earlier that SBP2 binds specifically to the purified human 60S but not to the 40S ribosome subunits but the actual location was unknown. The SBP2•40S, SBP2•60S and SBP2•80S complexes were thus studied using crosslinking reagents. SBP2 did not crosslink to the 40S subunit in either the 40S•SBP2 or 80S•SBP2 complexes, correlating with the binding data. However, SBP2 crosslinks to the 60S subunit in either the free state or in the 80S ribosome. I next showed that the 28S rRNA contributes more to the crosslink than ribosomal proteins. This led us to use hydroxyl radical footprinting to study the molecular environment of SBP2 on the ribosome. According to the probing data, the binding of SBP2 to the human 60S subunit protects 2 helices in expansion segment 7 of the 28S rRNA. I proposed that the SBP2 binding site is located in the vicinity of the L7/L12 stalk
Boucher, Marie-Christine. "Impact des traitements physiques sur la stabilité des matrices d'encapsulation à base d'isolat de protéines de lactosérum et de pectine faiblement méthylée." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24290/24290.pdf.
Full textRatté, Gabriel. "Interaction entre un peptide de β-lactoglobuline bovine (β-lg f1-8) et les protéines du lactosérum : le cas de l’a-lactalbumine." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/24544.
Full textPreliminary observations showed that the self-assembly capacity of a β-lactoglobulin peptide obtained from trypsin hydrolysis (β-lg f1-8) could modify the composition of whey protein mixtures, mainly by reducing the amount of soluble α-lactalbumin (α-la). The goal of this study was to demonstrate the occurrence of interactions between β-lg f1-8 peptide and α-la. A study of the peptide self-assembly process in presence of α-la at 25 and 55 °C showed that the addition of α-la to the original tryptic hydrolysate delays the flocculation of peptide β-lg f1-8 at 55 °C. Adding β-lg f1-8 peptide to α-la modified the solubility profile of the protein at various pH, but its thermal unfolding profile obtained by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) remained unchanged. All of these observations suggest that the peptide β-lg f1-8 can interact with the α-la via hydrophobic interactions and could be used for developing new strategies for the fractionation of protein mixtures.
Queguiner, Claire. "Nouvelles propriétés fonctionnelles de protéines laitières obtenues par traitements thermomécaniques d'extrusion." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20271.
Full textRocafi, Adil. "Optimisation de la précipitation des facteurs de croissance à partir de lactosérum natif obtenu par acidification du lait." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25701/25701.pdf.
Full textBoutouili, Ghania. "Variations de la composition protéique et minérale du lait de vache : incidences sur les intéractions minéraux-protéines et la valeur technologique." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991INPLA003.
Full textSchweizer, Martin. "Fractionnement et identification de petits peptides issus de l'hydrolyse enzymatique des protéines de colza." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002INPL016N.
Full textMoras, Benjamin. "Fractionnement de protéines végétales pour le développement d'ingrédients alimentaires infantiles hypoallergéniques et à teneur réduite en phytoestrogènes." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015INPT0070.
Full textThe objectives of these works were to develop industrial processes for the production of four infant food ingredients with hypoallergenic properties and reduced levels of phytoestrogens. For this purpose, the nutritional properties of the rice and soy protein are promising. However, due to the presence of phytoestrogens (isoflavones) the consumption of soy protein isolates is a big concern for infant food security because the high exposure to these compounds, known to be endocrine disruptors. Consequently, it was first intended to develop a soy protein isolate with reduced content of isoflavones below 50 μg/g following the recommendations of French and European health authorities. Rice protein isolates are either non-existent on the market, or extremely rare. Therefore, the development of rice protein isolate with a minimum content of 90 % protein was another objective. For the sensitive population, such as infants, the aim of this work was also to develop soy and rice protein hydrolysates conferring hypoallergenic properties. To achieve this goal, the reduction of the size of proteins and the control of their molecular weight was studied. Two methods were used to achieve high extractions yields. A study of ethanol extraction ranging from small-scale optimization to industrial scale was used for a final product with a residual content in isoflavones below 50 μg/g. The second method was to retain isoflavones on adsorption resin from a soy protein hydrolysate. This was possible without preliminary extraction step by solvent. This method was also tested in the industrial scale. The chromatographic behavior of different isoflavones was also studied. The extraction of isoflavones with subcritical water and supercritical CO2 is also presented in this thesis even though these methods were not retained. These pressurized extractions showed the influence of the polarity of isoflavones and the protein content of soy products onto the isoflavone extraction. These works also identified a novel process for the production of rice protein isolate by the hydrolysis of polysaccharides with cellulolytic enzymes and amylases from concentrated protein byproducts from the glucose syrup industry. Studies on less processed materials such as rice bran and flour were also studied for protein isolation. The study of the hydrolysis by proteases of soy and rice proteins were monitored by various indicators such as pH, protein solubility, the degree of hydrolysis, the molecular weight profile by electrophoresis, and size exclusion chromatography. These processes are enabled for the production of four new ingredients that will be tested for their hypoallergenic characteristics before a large scale production
Campanacci, Valérie. "Etudes fonctionnelles et structurales de protéines d'insectes impliquées dans le transport de phéromones ou de chémo-effecteurs." Aix-Marseille 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX11023.
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