Relevant bibliographies by topics / Lactogenesis

Academic literature on the topic 'Lactogenesis'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Lactogenesis"

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Neville, Margaret C., Jane Morton, and Shinobu Umemura. "Lactogenesis." Pediatric Clinics of North America 48, no. 1 (February 2001): 35–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-3955(05)70284-4.

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Huang, Li, Shangzhi Xu, Xi Chen, Qian Li, Lixia Lin, Yu Zhang, Duan Gao, et al. "Delayed Lactogenesis Is Associated with Suboptimal Breastfeeding Practices: A Prospective Cohort Study." Journal of Nutrition 150, no. 4 (December 25, 2019): 894–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxz311.

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ABSTRACT Background Breastfeeding has many established health benefits to both babies and mothers. There is limited evidence on the association between delayed lactogenesis and breastfeeding practices. Objective We assessed the association between delayed lactogenesis and breastfeeding practices in women initiating breastfeeding. Design We used data from a prospective cohort study in Wuhan, China, which enrolled pregnant women at 8–16 weeks of gestation and followed up to postpartum. Women were included who had a singleton live birth, initiated breastfeeding, and provided information on infant feeding. Maternal lactogenesis status was assessed by face-to-face interview at day 4 postpartum. Breastfeeding practices (full breastfeeding and/or any breastfeeding) were queried by telephone interview at 3, 6, and 12 mo postpartum. Poisson regression and Cox regression were used to identify the association between delayed lactogenesis and breastfeeding practices. Results Delayed lactogenesis was reported by 17.9% of the 2877 participants. After adjusting for potential confounders, when compared with timely lactogenesis, delayed lactogenesis was significantly associated with higher risk of inability to sustain full breastfeeding at 3 mo postpartum (RR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.10, 1.39) and 6 mo postpartum (RR: 1.14, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.24). Delayed lactogenesis was also significantly associated with early termination of any breastfeeding (HR: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.30) in the adjusted model. In a combined analysis, women with higher gestational weight gain (GWG, ≥16 kg for underweight and normal weight, 15 kg for overweight/obesity) and who subsequently experienced delayed lactogenesis had the highest risk of ending any breastfeeding earlier (adjusted HR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.11, 1.55) compared with those who gained less GWG and experienced timely lactogenesis. Conclusions This study shows that delayed lactogenesis was associated with low rate of full breastfeeding and shorter duration of any breastfeeding. Greater efforts to promote breastfeeding should be targeted towards women with delayed lactogenesis.
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Preusting, Irma, Jessica Brumley, Linda Odibo, Diane L. Spatz, and Judette M. Louis. "Obesity as a Predictor of Delayed Lactogenesis II." Journal of Human Lactation 33, no. 4 (September 1, 2017): 684–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0890334417727716.

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Background: Lactogenesis II is the onset of copious milk production. A delay in this has been associated with an increased risk of formula supplementation and early cessation of breastfeeding. Prepregnancy obesity has also been associated with decreased breastfeeding rates and early cessation. Research aim: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of prepregnancy obesity on self-reported delayed lactogenesis II. Methods: We conducted a prospective observational cohort study of 216 women with a singleton pregnancy and who planned to breastfeed. We compared the onset of lactogenesis II between women with a body mass index (BMI) < 30 kg/m2 and women with a BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2. Using multivariate logistic regression analyses, we assessed the relationship between maternal BMI and delay of lactogenesis II. Results: The prevalence of delayed lactogenesis II among women with prepregnancy BMI < 30 kg/m2 and BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 was 46.4% and 57.9%, respectively. Delayed lactogenesis II occurred more frequently among women who were obese at the time of delivery ( p < .05). After controlling for the covariates, age, prepregnancy BMI, and gestational weight gain were positively associated with delayed lactogenesis II. Conclusion: Prepregnancy obesity and excessive gestational weight gain are associated with an increased risk of delayed lactogenesis II. Women who are at risk for delay in lactogenesis II and early breastfeeding cessation will need targeted interventions and support for them to achieve their personal breastfeeding goals.
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Holmes, Mark A., and Peter E. Hartmann. "Concentration of citrate in the mammary secretion of sows during lactogenesis II and established lactation." Journal of Dairy Research 60, no. 3 (August 1993): 319–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029900027667.

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SummaryThe functional significance of citrate in the mammary secretion of six sows was investigated during the second stage of lactogenesis (lactogenesis II) and established lactation. The changes in the concentrations of progesterone and lactose in the maternal blood, and lactose, Na and K in the mammary secretion, suggested that lactogenesis II began during the final day of pregnancy. The concentration of citrate in the mammary secretion of the sows during lactogenesis II was high and varied from 5·4 (SEM 0·5) mai at day 0·5 post partum to 6·8 (SEM 0·4) mM at day 1·5 post partum. There was a decline of ˜ 30% in the concentration of citrate in the milk of sows during the first week of lactation. These findings suggest that, in contrast to all other species studied previously, milk citrate is not a harbinger of lactogenesis II in the sow. However, the changes in the concentration of citrate in the mammary secretion of sows may reflect changes in the rate ofde novosynthesis of fatty acids that take place in the mammary glands of sows during lactogenesis II and established lactation.
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Rocha, Beatriz de Oliveira, Marcia Penido Machado, Livia Lima Bastos, Livia Barbosa Silva, Ana Paula Santos, Luana Caroline Santos, and Maria Candida Ferrarez Bouzada. "Risk Factors for Delayed Onset of Lactogenesis II Among Primiparous Mothers from a Brazilian Baby-Friendly Hospital." Journal of Human Lactation 36, no. 1 (March 22, 2019): 146–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0890334419835174.

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Background: Low milk supply is frequently reported as a reason for exclusive breastfeeding cessation. Research aims: To determine the occurrence of, and the risk factors associated with, delayed onset of lactogenesis II among primiparas seen at a Baby-Friendly Hospital in Brazil. Method: We conducted a prospective longitudinal observational cohort study of 224 primiparas who had a singleton delivery. Data were first collected at the hospital. We assessed the onset of lactogenesis on day four postpartum, based on maternal reports of changes in breast fullness. Breastfeeding practices and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale were evaluated on day seven postpartum. Using Poisson regression, we assessed significant factors associated with delayed onset of lactogenesis II. Results: Delayed lactogenesis II occurred in 18.8% ( n = 42) of participants and was significantly associated with alcohol drinking during pregnancy (IRR = 2.710, 95% CI [1.469, 4.996]); Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale scores ≥ 10 (IRR = 2.092, 95% CI [1.118, 3.916]), and the age of the mother (IRR: 1.081, 95% CI [1.039, 1.125]). Conclusion: Postpartum depression and alcohol ingestion during pregnancy may be associated with lactogenesis II delay, but more research is needed to elucidate the directionality of these relationships. Older mothers are at risk of delayed lactogenesis II onset. The frequency of delayed lactogenesis in this population is similar to the rates seen in previous Latin America studies and much lower than the ranges seen in North America, possibly because of the low proportion of obesity and severe gestational diabetes in this sample.
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Mellenberger, R. W., D. E. Bauman, and D. R. Nelson. "Metabolic Adaptations During Lactogenesis." Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia 14, no. 3 (August 4, 2009): 261–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10911-009-9140-x.

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Plath, A., R. Einspanier, F. Peters, F. Sinowatz, and D. Schams. "Expression of transforming growth factors alpha and beta-1 messenger RNA in the bovine mammary gland during different stages of development and lactation." Journal of Endocrinology 155, no. 3 (December 1, 1997): 501–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1550501.

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It is now widely accepted that the mammary gland is under interconnected hormonal and local control. Growth factors are involved in the intercellular signalling of the gland. Our aim was the detection of transforming growth factors alpha (TGF-alpha) and beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) messenger RNA during mammogenesis, lactogenesis, galactopoiesis and involution in the bovine mammary gland (total n = 27). During these stages the RNA was assessed by means of ribonuclease protection assay and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). To study possible influences of oestrogen, progesterone and prolactin on growth factor expression, mammary RNA was obtained from heifers after induced mammogenesis and lactogenesis, with and without additional prolactin inhibition (total n = 20). Very low levels of TGF-alpha and TGF-beta 1 expression were detected during lactogenesis and galactopoiesis, increasing levels during mammogenesis of primigravid heifers, and highest levels during mammogenesis of virgin heifers and during involution. TGF-alpha expression after induced mammogenesis was greater than after induced lactogenesis or physiological mammogenesis during pregnancy. Furthermore, TGF-alpha mRNA contents increased after prolactin inhibition. TGF-beta 1 expression was almost equal after induced mammogenesis and lactogenesis, but greater than during the physiological mammogenesis and lactogenesis. In conclusion, it can be assumed that growth promoting TGF-alpha and growth inhibiting TGF-beta 1 are co-expressed in the bovine mammary gland. Higher mRNA contents of both factors during mammogenesis and involution may indicate autocrine or paracrine functions for these growth factors during proliferation and reorganisation of the mammary tissue.
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Casey, Theresa, Hui Sun, Helen J. Burgess, Jennifer Crodian, Shelley Dowden, Shelby Cummings, Karen Plaut, David Haas, Lingsong Zhang, and Azza Ahmed. "Delayed Lactogenesis II is Associated With Lower Sleep Efficiency and Greater Variation in Nightly Sleep Duration in the Third Trimester." Journal of Human Lactation 35, no. 4 (March 28, 2019): 713–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0890334419830991.

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Background: Metabolic and hormonal disturbances are associated with sleep disturbances and delayed onset of lactogenesis II. Research aims: The aim of this study was to measure sleep using wrist actigraphy during gestation weeks 22 and 32 to determine if sleep characteristics were associated with blood glucose, body mass index, gestational related disease, delayed onset of lactogenesis II, or work schedule. Methods: Demographic data were collected at study intake from primiparous women who wore a wrist actigraph during gestation weeks 22 ( n = 50) and 32 ( n = 44). Start and end sleep time, total nighttime sleep, sleep efficiency, wake after sleep onset, and sleep fragmentation were measured. Night to night variability was assessed with the root mean square of successive difference. Blood glucose levels, body mass index, and gestational disease data were abstracted from medical charts. Timing of lactogenesis II was determined by survey. Results: Between gestation week 22 and 32, sleep efficiency decreased and fragmentation increased ( p < .05). During gestation week 32, blood glucose was negatively correlated with sleep duration, and positively related to fragmentation ( p < .05). Women who experienced delayed lactogenesis II had lower sleep efficiency and greater fragmentation ( p < .05), and greater night-to-night variability in sleep start and end time, efficiency, and duration during gestation week 32 ( p < .05). Conclusion: Women with better sleep efficiency and more stable nightly sleep time are less likely to experience delayed onset of lactogenesis II. Interventions to improve sleep may improve maternal health and breastfeeding adequacy.
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Rasmussen, Kathleen M., Julie A. Hilson, and Chris L. Kjolhede. "Obesity May Impair Lactogenesis II." Journal of Nutrition 131, no. 11 (November 1, 2001): 3009S—3011S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jn/131.11.3009s.

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Barbalinardo, Laurie H. "Allergic Response to Lactogenesis 2?" Breastfeeding Medicine 7, no. 2 (April 2012): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/bfm.2012.9992.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Lactogenesis"

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Sun, Jiangping. "Hormone events in human lactogenesis." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.319086.

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McCourt, Shannon M. "Lactogenesis Induction in Transgenic Virgin Pigs as a Model for Identifying Transgene Expression and Recombinant Protein Production." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/46507.

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The porcine mammary gland can be used for the production of recombinant proteins by directing a transgene to the mammary gland with a milk protein gene promoter. In order to determine whether or not the protein will be expressed, the animals must be maintained at least through their first lactation. An experiment was performed to determine if hormonal induction of lactogenesis in transgenic virgin pigs could be used as a method for identifying those gilts that are likely to express the recombinant protein during a natural lactation. Mammary development and lactogenesis were induced by administration of subcutaneous implants designed to release 7.1 mg of estradiol-17 beta and 18 mg of progesterone daily for 21 d. Histological analysis of tissue samples before and after the treatment period indicated that mammary secretory tissue underwent dramatic proliferation resulting in a greater degree of alveolar and individual epithelial cell differentiation. The presence of beta-lactoglobulin mRNA was detected in high levels in post-implant tissue samples, and minimally detected in samples cultured in media supplemented with insulin, hydrocortisone, and prolactin. However, protein expression was only detected in the post-implant samples, indicating that beta-lactoglobulin was not maintained well by in vitro culture. The transgene mRNA, recombinant human fibrinogen (A-alpha chain), was detected in all analyzed samples at varying levels. However, the corresponding protein was not detected in any sample, under either reduced or nonreduced conditions. These results indicate that lactogenesis was successfully induced using the hormonal implants. Also, the transgene was activated by the hormonal induction in vivo and in vitro, but the corresponding protein could not be detected. This study indicates that induction of lactogenesis can be used to detect the presence of transgene mRNA in mammary tissue of gilts. However, we cannot conclusively demonstrate that this procedure can be used to identify those gilts that are likely to express the recombinant protein during a natural lactation.
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Henderson, Jennifer Jean. "The effects of antenatal glucocorticoid treatment on lactogenesis II in ewes and women." University of Western Australia. School of Women's and Infants' Health, 2007. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2007.0058.

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[Truncated abstract] There is a large body of evidence describing the benefits and risks, to the human fetus, of antenatal glucocorticoid treatment, but no published research on the effects on lactation. The withdrawal of progesterone, in the presence of high levels of endogenous glucocorticoids and prolactin, triggers the onset of copious milk secretion (lactogenesis II) at the end of pregnancy. The alteration of lactogenesis II by exogenous glucocorticoids could potentially have adverse impacts on postnatal nutrition in both term and preterm infants. I aimed to determine the effects of maternal antenatal glucocorticoid treatment on lactogenesis II in both ewes and women. I found profound adverse effects on lactation in ewes, and similar but more subtle effects on lactation in women . . . This thesis represents the first investigation of the effects of antenatal glucocorticoid treatment on lactogenesis II in both ewes and women. I found that, in ewes, antenatal glucocorticoid treatment stimulated premature lactogenesis II, and this was caused by disruptions to hormonal regulation during pregnancy. This event was followed by profound delays in lactogenesis II after term parturition. More subtle effects in women suggest that antenatal glucocorticoid treatment did not have a major, prolonged impact on postnatal lactogenesis II. Very preterm gestational age strongly predicted delays in lactogenesis II stressing the importance of assistance for these mothers when they are establishing lactation.
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Myles, Sonya. "The Relationship Between Maternal Intravenous Fluids and Breast Changes in the Postpartum Period: A Pilot Observational Study." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/30907.

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Clinical Issue Health Canada recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months post birth and then the addition of complementary foods with breastfeeding extending to a minimum of two years. Breastfeeding initiation rates in Canada are currently at around 87% but, by one month, about 21% of women have stopped breastfeeding. Engorgement and edema in breast tissue can lead to breastfeeding challenges which may contribute to early weaning. Purpose The purpose of this pilot research study was to explore the relationship between intravenous (IV) fluids given to mothers during the peripartum period and postpartum breast or nipple swelling in the first ten days postpartum and determine if a larger study was warranted and feasible. The research question for this pilot study was, "What is the relationship between the amount of IV fluids given to labouring women and edema of the breast and areola complex experienced by breastfeeding women in the first 10 days postpartum?" Methods It is a prospective, longitudinal, observational cohort pilot study with repeated measures and a within-subjects design. Participants are first time mothers who planned to exclusively breastfeed and gave birth to a single, healthy newborn by means of a spontaneous vaginal birth, Mother and baby were discharged home together with no contraindications to exclusive unrestricted breastfeeding. Descriptive statistics are reported and linear regression analysis is used to model the relationship between IV therapy and postpartum breast edema. Results Women who received IV fluids during labour had higher levels of edema postpartum and rated their breasts as firmer as and more tender than women who did not receive IV fluids. Participants who had IV fluids appeared to be less aware of the fullness associated with lactogenesis II, and the pattern of fullness they described appeared to be related to edema noted. Participants who did not have IV fluids appeared to have unrelated patterns of fullness and edema, and therefore appeared more aware of the onset of lactogenesis II. The results support a larger study about the relationships between maternal perinatal IV fluids and breast or nipple changes.
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Stiening, Chad Michael. "GENOMIC REGULATION OF BOVINE MAMMARY EPITHELIAL CELL GROWTH AND DIFFERENTIATION." Diss., Tucson, Arizona : University of Arizona, 2005. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu%5Fetd%5F1252%5F1%5Fm.pdf&type=application/pdf.

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Oliveira, Angela Maria de Morais. "Interferência do diabetes mellitus tipo I nos níveis de lactose na transição entre as fases I e II da lactogênese em mulheres puérperas." Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 2005. https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/12691.

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Lactogenesis is constituted by two phases, called as lactogenesis I and lactogenesis II. The transition between those phases is characterized by increase in the lactose concentration. This study aimed to evaluate the interference of diabetes mellitus in the lactose concentration associated to transition between phases I and II of lactogenesis. It was studied 11 puerperal women with pre-gestational diabetes mellitus and 19 without diabetes. During the five first days after delivery, at each 24 hours, it was collected colostrums samples to evaluate its lactose concentration by reaction with picric acid. In both groups there were progressive increases in the lactose levels with time. The lactose concentrations in both groups exhibited statistically significant sigmoidal dependences with the time after delivery, with neat two-state transition between the phases I and II of lactogenesis. The analysis of those transitions revealed an 18 hours time delay in the beginning of lactogenesis II of diabetes carriers women with inadequate metabolic control in relation to puerperal females without diabetes.
A lactogênese é constituída por duas fases, designadas como I e II. Uma das características da transição entre estas fases é o aumento da concentração de lactose no colostro. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a interferência do diabetes mellitus na transição da lactogênese I para a lactogênese II. Foram avaliadas 11 mulheres puérperas portadoras de diabetes mellitus tipo 1 pré-gestacional e 19 puérperas sem diabetes. Nos cinco primeiros dias após o parto, a cada intervalo de 24 horas, foram coletadas amostras do colostro das mães para análise de seu teor em lactose, por reação com ácido pícrico. Em ambos os grupos houve um aumento progressivo na concentração de lactose com o tempo. A dependência da concentração de lactose com o tempo, após o parto, foi ajustada a uma curva de crescimento sigmoidal que mostrou a transição da lactogênese I para a lactogênese II. A análise desta transição revelou um atraso de 18 horas para início da lactogênese II nas puérperas portadoras de diabetes mellitus com controle metabólico inadequado em relação às puérperas sem diabetes.
Mestre em Ciências da Saúde
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Keemer, Frances. "Breastfeeding self-efficacy and alternative techniques to overcome maternal or infant breastfeeding challenges : a retrospective descriptive study." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2011. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/47144/1/Frances_Keemer_Thesis.pdf.

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Background: Breastfeeding is the internationally accepted ideal in infant feeding. Ensuring mothers and babies receive optimal benefits, in both the short and long term, is dependent upon the successful establishment of breastfeeding in the first week. Many maternal and infant challenges can occur during the establishment of breastfeeding (Lactogenesis II). There are also many methods and devices (alternative techniques) which can be used to help, but the majority do not have an evidence-base. The mother.s self-confidence (self-efficacy) can be challenged by these unexpected circumstances, but understanding of the relationship is unclear. Method: This descriptive study used mail survey (including the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale . Short Form) to obtain the mother.s reports of their self-efficacy and their breastfeeding experience during the first week following birth, as well as actual use of alternative techniques. This study included all mothers of full term healthy singleton infants from one private hospital in Brisbane who began any breastfeeding. The data collection took place from November 2008 to February 2009. Ethical approval was granted from the research site and QUT Human Research Ethics Committee. Results: A total of 128 questionnaires were returned, a response rate of 56.9%. The sample was dissimilar to the Queensland population with regard to age, income, and education level, all of which were higher in this study. The sample was similar to the Queensland population in terms of parity and marital status. The rate of use of alternative techniques was 48.3%. The mean breastfeeding self-efficacy score of those who used any alternative technique was 43.43 (SD=12.19), and for those who did not, it was 58.32 (SD=7.40). Kruskal-Wallis analysis identified that the median self efficacy score for those who used alternative techniques was significantly lower than median self efficacy scores for those who did not use alternative techniques. The reasons women used alternative techniques varied widely, and their knowledge of alternative techniques was good. Conclusion: This study is the first to document breastfeeding self-efficacy of women who used alternative techniques to support their breastfeeding goals in the first week postpartum. An individualised clinical intervention to develop women.s self-efficacy with breastfeeding is important to assist mother/infant dyads encountering challenges to breastfeeding in the first week postpartum.
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TRAMONTANA, SIMONA. "MammOmics™ in Sus scrofa: Studio degli adattamenti genomici alla base dello sviluppo della ghiandola mammaria durante la gravidanza e la lattazione." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/403.

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La comprensione dei geni che controllano la crescita, lo sviluppo, e il metabolismo della ghiandola mammaria suina può rivelare potenziali vie metaboliche o di segnale per migliorare l'efficienza di sintesi del latte. Un microarray suino costituito da 13.263 oligonucleotidi (mer 70) è stato utilizzato per lo studio del profilo di trascrizione del tessuto mammario da 4.5 scrofe a -34, -14, -4, 0, 7, 14, 21, e 28 giorni rispetto alla data del parto. ANOVA (FDR ≤ 0.10) ha individuato 2664 geni differenzialmente espressi (DEG) in relazione allo stato fisiologico. L’analisi dei network e delle vie metaboliche ha identificato come funzioni molecolari più affette dallo stato fisiologico: crescita e proliferazione cellulare (548 geni) cellule di segnale(612 geni).La qPCR rimane il metodo migliore per la misurazione dell’ abbondanza mRNA ad alta precisione e per la validazione di dati array. Essenziale per assicurare l'affidabilità della qPCR è la normalizzazione dei dati con l’utilizzo di geni di controllo interno (ICG). Un analisi sulla stabilità dei geni ha identificato, tra i 19 potenziali ICG, API5, VABP, e MRPL39 come i più stabili ICG nel tessuto mammario suini e ha inoltre stabilito che l'uso di tali 3 geni è il più appropriato per il calcolo di un fattore di normalizzazione. I risultati sottolineano l'importanza di una corretta validazione dei controlli interni per qPCR ed evidenziano le limitazioni di utilizzo dell’assenza dell’effetto tempo come unico criterio per la selezione di CIG.
Elucidating genes controlling growth, development, and metabolism of swine mammary glands can reveal potential metabolic or signalling pathways that might help improve efficiency of milk synthesis. A swine microarray consisting of 13,263 oligonucleotides (70 mer) was used for transcript profiling of mammary tissue from 4-5 sows at -34, -14, -4, 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 d relative to parturition. ANOVA (FDR ≤ 0.10) identified 2,664 differentially expressed genes (DEG) dueto physiological state. Gene network/pathway analysis revealed that cell growth and proliferation (548 genes) and cell signaling (612 genes) were among the most affected molecular functions due to physiological state in DEG. QPCR remains the chosen method for high-precision mRNA abundance analysis and for array data validation. Essential for reliability of qPCR data is normalization using appropriate internal control genes (ICG). Gene stability analysis identified , among 19 potential ICG, API5, VABP, and MRPL39 as the most stable ICG in porcine mammary tissue and indicated that the use of those 3 genes was most appropriate for calculating a normalization factor. Results underscore the importance of proper validation of internal controls for qPCR and highlight the limitations of using absence of time effects as the criteria for selection of appropriate ICG.
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TRAMONTANA, SIMONA. "MammOmics™ in Sus scrofa: Studio degli adattamenti genomici alla base dello sviluppo della ghiandola mammaria durante la gravidanza e la lattazione." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/403.

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La comprensione dei geni che controllano la crescita, lo sviluppo, e il metabolismo della ghiandola mammaria suina può rivelare potenziali vie metaboliche o di segnale per migliorare l'efficienza di sintesi del latte. Un microarray suino costituito da 13.263 oligonucleotidi (mer 70) è stato utilizzato per lo studio del profilo di trascrizione del tessuto mammario da 4.5 scrofe a -34, -14, -4, 0, 7, 14, 21, e 28 giorni rispetto alla data del parto. ANOVA (FDR ≤ 0.10) ha individuato 2664 geni differenzialmente espressi (DEG) in relazione allo stato fisiologico. L’analisi dei network e delle vie metaboliche ha identificato come funzioni molecolari più affette dallo stato fisiologico: crescita e proliferazione cellulare (548 geni) cellule di segnale(612 geni).La qPCR rimane il metodo migliore per la misurazione dell’ abbondanza mRNA ad alta precisione e per la validazione di dati array. Essenziale per assicurare l'affidabilità della qPCR è la normalizzazione dei dati con l’utilizzo di geni di controllo interno (ICG). Un analisi sulla stabilità dei geni ha identificato, tra i 19 potenziali ICG, API5, VABP, e MRPL39 come i più stabili ICG nel tessuto mammario suini e ha inoltre stabilito che l'uso di tali 3 geni è il più appropriato per il calcolo di un fattore di normalizzazione. I risultati sottolineano l'importanza di una corretta validazione dei controlli interni per qPCR ed evidenziano le limitazioni di utilizzo dell’assenza dell’effetto tempo come unico criterio per la selezione di CIG.
Elucidating genes controlling growth, development, and metabolism of swine mammary glands can reveal potential metabolic or signalling pathways that might help improve efficiency of milk synthesis. A swine microarray consisting of 13,263 oligonucleotides (70 mer) was used for transcript profiling of mammary tissue from 4-5 sows at -34, -14, -4, 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 d relative to parturition. ANOVA (FDR ≤ 0.10) identified 2,664 differentially expressed genes (DEG) dueto physiological state. Gene network/pathway analysis revealed that cell growth and proliferation (548 genes) and cell signaling (612 genes) were among the most affected molecular functions due to physiological state in DEG. QPCR remains the chosen method for high-precision mRNA abundance analysis and for array data validation. Essential for reliability of qPCR data is normalization using appropriate internal control genes (ICG). Gene stability analysis identified , among 19 potential ICG, API5, VABP, and MRPL39 as the most stable ICG in porcine mammary tissue and indicated that the use of those 3 genes was most appropriate for calculating a normalization factor. Results underscore the importance of proper validation of internal controls for qPCR and highlight the limitations of using absence of time effects as the criteria for selection of appropriate ICG.
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Pierre, Sandra. "Identification d'elements sensibles aux hormones lactogenes dans les sequences en amont du site d'initiation de la transcription du gene de la caseine alpha s1 de lapin." Paris 11, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA11T002.

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Books on the topic "Lactogenesis"

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(Editor), S. J. Folley, ed. Lactogenesis. Granite Impex Ltd, 1991.

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Reynolds, Monica, and S. J. Folley. Lactogenesis: The Initiation of Milk Secretion at Parturition. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2016.

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Book chapters on the topic "Lactogenesis"

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Hill, P. D. "Lactogenesis in mothers of preterm infants." In Handbook of dietary and nutritional aspects of human breast milk, 183–92. The Netherlands: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-764-6_10.

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Alekseev, Nikolai Petrovitch. "The Period of Established Lactation: Lactogenesis III." In Physiology of Human Female Lactation, 209–54. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66364-3_5.

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Morrison, B., and M. L. Cutler. "The contribution of CTGF/CCN2 and adhesion signaling to lactogenesis." In Handbook of dietary and nutritional aspects of human breast milk, 165–82. The Netherlands: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-764-6_9.

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Dewey, Kathryn G., Laurie A. Nommsen-Rivers, M. Jane Heinig, and Roberta J. Cohen. "Lactogenesis and Infant Weight Change in the First Weeks of Life." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 159–66. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0559-4_18.

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Atkinson, Stephanie A., Carol L. Wade, Ruthann Stanhope, and Debra Fraser. "Pattern of Change in Milk Composition During Lactogenesis in Term and Preterm Mothers." In Human Lactation 2, 121–29. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7207-7_10.

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van Dorland, H. A., R. S. Zbinden, G. Remmelin, B. Kemp, A. T. M. van Knegsel, and R. M. Bruckmaier. "Effects of omitting the dry period on plasma progesterone and prolactin during lactogenesis and on colostrum IgG content in dairy cows during the periparturient period." In Energy and protein metabolism and nutrition in sustainable animal production, 471–72. Wageningen: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-781-3_177.

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Akers, R. M., and A. V. Capuco. "Lactogenesis." In Reference Module in Food Science. Elsevier, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-818766-1.00179-3.

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Akers, R. M., and A. V. Capuco. "LACTATION | Lactogenesis." In Encyclopedia of Dairy Sciences, 1442–46. Elsevier, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b0-12-227235-8/00231-5.

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Akers, R. M., and A. V. Capuco. "LACTATION | Lactogenesis." In Encyclopedia of Dairy Sciences, 15–19. Elsevier, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-374407-4.00250-8.

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Collier, R. J., S. Ganguli, P. T. Menke, F. C. Buonomo, M. F. McGrath, C. E. Kotts, and G. G. Krivi. "CHANGES IN INSULIN AND SOMATOMEDIN RECEPTORS AND UPTAKE OF INSULIN, IGF-I AND IGF-II DURING MAMMARY GROWTH, LACTOGENESIS AND LACTATION." In Biotechnology in Growth Regulation, 153–63. Elsevier, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-407-01473-2.50019-9.

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Conference papers on the topic "Lactogenesis"

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Alatalo, Diana, and Fatemeh Hassanipour. "An Experimental Study on Human Milk Viscosity." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-68761.

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Human milk is a complex fluid suspension of many ingredients — such as fats, proteins, lactose, and minerals — that differs greatly from bovine and other mammalian milks. The rheological properties of human milk impact its flow inside the breast and when fed through artificial feeding methods. Past research concerning the flow characteristics of human milk is extremely limited and does not account for milks non-Newtonian behavior. In order to produce an accurate model of milk flow in the human breast, experimental work was performed on human milk donated by eight mothers at different stages of lactogenesis II. The results of this small study reveal the complexity of human milk flow characteristics and the challenges involved with modeling its flow, especially at low shear rates. Within the human breast, shear rates vary greatly from as low as 12 s−1 to as high as 2.5 × 1016 s−1 depending on the ductal system geometry and flow rate. For researchers involved in experimentation, the environmental conditions, handling methods, and age of milk are extremely important and must be reported if the data is to be of any value. Further experimentation is required to fully understand the mechanisms behind the time-dependence behavior of human milk.
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Reports on the topic "Lactogenesis"

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Bazer, Fuller W., Arieh Gertler, and Elisha Gootwine. Role of Placental Lactogen in Sheep. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7574339.bard.

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Central problems in sheep and dairy cattle production are reproductive failure due to embryonic/fetal mortality and low birth weights, especially in prolific breeds, and reduced milk yields which adversely affect neonatal survival and economy of production. The sheep placenta expresses lactogenic (ovine placental lactogen, oPL) and somatogenic (ovine placental growth hormone, oGH) hormones. Our research has focused on the biological roles of oPL and oGH in function of the uterine endometrium during gestation and the mammary gland during pregnancy and lactation. Major conclusions were that: ( 1 ) immunization of prepubertal ewes against oPL resulted in increased birth weights of their lambs and their milk production during lactation; (2) neither oPL nor oGH had an antiluteolytic effect on uterine endometrium to affect lifespan of the corpus luteum; (3) only sequential exposure of the progesterone stimulated uterus to oIFNt and oPL or oGH increased endometrial gland proliferation and secretory protein gene expression; (4) oPL signals through a homodimer of ovine prolactin receptor (PRL-R) and heterodimer of oPRL-R and growth hormone receptor (GH-R); (5) exogenous recombinant oPL and oGH stimulated mammogenesis and milk yield during lactation; and (6) mutation of oPL and oGH was used to define specific biological effects and a rational basis for design of a specific receptor agonists or antagonists. This project was very productive in elucidating basic biological effects of oPL and oGH on intracellular signal transduction pathways, uterine development and secretory function, as well as mammogenesis and lactogenesis. We determined that immunization of prepubertal ewes against roPL increased birth weights of their lambs, especially those born as twins and triplets, as well as enhanced lactational performance. These studies significantly extended our knowledge of uterine and fetal-placental physiology and provided a foundation for new strategies to enhance reproductive and lactation efficiency. Based on these results, the major achievements were: 1) creation of a practical and cost effective management tool for producers to increase reproductive performance, neonatal survival, and milk yield of ewes in commercial flocks; and 2) define, for the first time, biological effects of oPL on endometrial functions and gene expression by uterine gland epithelium.
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