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Anderson, Gregory Steven. "The relationship between excess CO2 and blood lactate in elite cyclists." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28534.
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This study examined the relationship between expired non-metabolic CO₂ (EX CO₂) and the accumulation of blood lactate, while emphasis was placed on the ventilatory (EX CO₂ and VE/VO₂) and lactate threshold relationship. Twenty-one elite cyclists (15 males, 6 females) performed a progressive intensity bicycle ergometer test (PIT) during which ventilatory parameters were monitored on-line at 15 second intervals, and blood lactate sampling occured on each minute. Threshold values were determined for each of the three indices; excess CO₂ (EXTT), VE/V0₂ (VVTT), and blood lactate (LATT). The three threshold values (EXTT, VVTT, LATT) all correlated significantly (P<0.001) when each was expressed as an absolute VO₂ (1/min). A significant RM ANOVA (F=8.41, P<0. 001) and post hoc correlated t-tests demonstrated significant differences between the EIXTT and LATT (P<0.001) and the EXTT and VVTT values (P<0.025).
The LATT occured at an average blood lactate concentration of 3.35 mmol/1, while the mean expired excess CO₂ volume at the EXTT was 14.04 ml/kg/min. Over an 11 minute range across the threshold values (EXTT and LATT), which were used as relative points of reference, the expired EXC02 volume (ml/kg/min) and blood lactate concentration (mmol/1) correlated significantly (r=0. 69, P<0. 001). Higher individual correlations over the same period of time Curriculum and Pedagogy (EDCP), Department of
Graduate
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Tu, Jie, and 屠潔. "Lactic-acid-infusion-induced increase in interstitial ATP of rat skeletal muscle." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B41634238.
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Vukovich, Matthew D. "Effect of L-carnitine supplementation on muscle glycogen utilization and lactate accumulation during cycle exercise." Virtual Press, 1993. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/862276.
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Two experiments were done to study the effects of L-carnitine supplementation (CNsup) during exercise. EXP 1, examined the effect of CNsup on lipid oxidation and muscle glycogen utilization during submaximal EX. Triglycerides were elevated by a fat feeding (90g fat), 3 h later subjects cycled for 60 min at 70% VO2max (CON). Muscle biopsies were obtained preEX, after 30 and 60 min of EX. Blood samples were taken preEX and every 15 min of EX. Subjects randomly completed two additional trials following 7 and 14 days of CNsup (6 g/day). During one of the trials, subjects received 2000 units of heparin 15 min prior to EX to elevate FFA (CNhep). There were no differences in V02, RER, HR, g of CHO and fat oxidized among the three trials. Serum total acid soluble (TASC) and free carnitine (FC) increased with CNsup (CON, 71.3 ± 2.9; CN, 92.8 ± 5.4; CNhep, 109.8 ± 3.5 mol·g'). Muscle carnitine concentration at rest was unaffected by CNsup. During EX, TASC did not change, FC decreased (p<0.05) and SCAC increased (p<0.05). With CNsup the decrease in FC was less (~50%) (p<0.05) and the increase in SCAC was greater (~200-300%) (p<0.05) compared to CON (free 65%; SCAC 150%). Pre and postEX muscle glycogens were not different. EXP 2, examined the effects of CNsup on blood lactate accumulation during maximal EX. Subjects cycled for 4 min at ~100% VO2max (CON). Exercise was repeated following 6 and 13 days of CNsup (6 g/day). Serum TASC and FC were elevated due to CNsup. Blood Lactate was measured prior to and 0, 3, 5, and 7 min postEX. CNsup resulted in less (p<0.05) lactate accumulation compared to CON. There were no differences between DAY-6 and DAY-13.Human Performance Laboratory
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Barnett, Christopher. "The effect of L-carnitine supplementation on blood and muscle lactate accumulation during high intensity sprint cycling exercise." Virtual Press, 1993. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/865941.
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This study examined the effects of 14 days of L-carnitine supplementation on blood and muscle lactate concentrations, and carnitine fractions, during high intensity sprint cycling exercise. Eight subjects performed three experimental trials - control I (CON I, 0 days), control II (CON II, 14 days), and L-carnitine (LCN, 28 days). Each trial consisted of a 4 min ride at 90% VO2max, followed by a rest period of 20 min, and then 5 x 1 min rides at 115% VO2max (2 min restbetween each). Following CON II, all subjects began dietary supplementation of L-carnitine for a period of 14 days (4 g/day). L-carnitine supplementation had no significant effect on either muscle carnitine or lactate concentrations following the 4 min 90% ride. Plasma total acid soluable and free carnitine concentrations were significantly higher at all time points following supplementation. Differences observed in blood hydrogen ion and lactate concentrations between CON I and CON II appear to be the result of an order effect. The data from the present investigation indicate that L-carnitine supplementation has no significant effect on blood or muscle lactate accumulation following high intensity sprint cycling exercise.School of Physical Education
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Lu, Lin, and 鹿琳. "Mechanisms involved in the release of ATP from skeletal myoblasts at low pH." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B47323772.
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Lactic acid, which induces pH depression, leads to ATP efflux from muscle to extracellular space: it was reported that CFTR was involved in this process. However, the mechanism by which lactic acid activated CFTR and brought about the ATP release is still unknown. This study was performed to investigate (1) what channels may be involved or even conduct ATP release, and (2) how lactic acid activated CFTR.
Expression of the possible channels that may conduct ATP release in L6 cells was investigated using RT-PCR: ClC-2, ClC-3, ClC-7, CACC, VDAC, connexin 40, connexin 43 and pannexin 3 were expressed in L6.
Incubation of cultured L6 cells with lactic acid (10 mM) increased the extracellular ATP from 0.6 ± 0.06 to 1.1 ± 0.09 nM (P ? 0.05), indicating that lactic acid stimulated ATP efflux in vitro. The non-specific chloride channel inhibitor, DIDS, failed to abolish the lactic-acid-induced ATP release, suggesting that DIDS-sensitive chloride channels were not involved in the ATP efflux. Among the non-specific inhibitors of connexin channels, gadolinium inhibited acidosis-induced ATP efflux, but carbenoxolone failed to inhibit it, and so the role of connexins remains uncertain. The specific inhibitor of CFTR, CFTRinh-172, and the non-specific open-channel blocker of CFTR, glibenclamide, both abolished the acidosis-induced ATP release, but another specific inhibitor of CFTR, GlyH-101, which blocks CFTR from the external side, failed to abolish the ATP release, suggesting that acidosis-induced ATP is dependent on CFTR-activation, but does not involve ATP moving through the CFTR chloride channel.
We hypothesize that, at low pH, the Na+/H+ exchanger (NHX) extruded H+ out of the cell and the resulting intracellular Na+ was transported out by Ca2+/Na+ exchanger (NCX); the localized increase in Ca2+ activated adenyl cyclase (AC), thus elevating intracellular cAMP; cAMP-activated-PKA then phosphorylated CFTR, which regulated an ATP release channel. KT-5720, an inhibitor of PKA, abolished the acidosis-induced ATP release, and forskolin, an agent that elevates cAMP, stimulated it, suggesting that the cAMP/PKA pathway was involved. The specific inhibitor of NCX, SN-6 and KB-R7943, both abolished the acidosis-induced ATP release, supporting a role for NCX in mediating this process. However, amiloride, the non-specific inhibitor of NHX failed to abolish ATP efflux.
The whole cell Cl- currents were studied in L6 cells: lactic acid increased the whole cell currents from 2.33 ± 0.10 to 3.54 ± 0.34 nA (P ? 0.05), and this lactic-acid-induced increase in Cl- current could be inhibited by CFTRinh-172, suggesting that the CFTR Cl- channel was opened at low pH. Moreover, forskolin increased whole cell Cl- currents, which supported a role for the cAMP/PKA pathway in the lactic-acid-induced increase in CFTR current.
These data confirm that CFTR is involved in the lactic-acid-induced ATP release from L6 cells. The roles of the NCX and cAMP/PKA pathway in activating CFTR at low pH are supported, but further studies are required to determine whether the NHX is involved in CFTR activation and whether connexins participate in ATP release.published_or_final_version
Physiology
Master
Master of Philosophy
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Hutton, Peter. "Antimicrobial plants of Australia have the potential to prevent lactic acidosis in ruminants." University of Western Australia. School of Animal Biology, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0159.
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[Truncated abstract] Antimicrobial growth promoters are added to feed to prevent lactic acidosis in ruminant animals by selectively inhibiting rumen bacteria that produce lactic acid. However, recently imposed or impending bans on the use of antimicrobial growth promoters in animal production have lead to a critical need to find practical alternatives that are safe for the animal and consumer and that obtain similar production benefits. I investigated bioactive plants of Australia for their potential to prevent lactic acidosis in ruminants. The unifying hypothesis tested was that plants would be identified that selectively inhibit lactic acid-producing bacteria and consequently protect against lactic acidosis. This hypothesis was tested in a three phase process: phase 1, plant selection and collection; phase 2, a three stage protocol for screening plants and essential oils; phase 3, in vivo experiments and chemical fractionation of the most promising plant. I developed an in vitro bioassay that simulated acidosis by adding glucose to rumen fluid in Bellco tubes and incubating for 5 h (Chapter 4). The pH and gas production were used as indicators of acidosis and fermentation activity. I used this bioassay to screen ninety-five plants (dried and ground material from 79 species) and ten essential oils and included a negative control (oaten chaff) and a positive control (virginiamycin). One plant, Eremophila glabra, produced a similar pH (5.63) to the positive control (5.43) although it inhibited gas production to a moderate extent (P < 0.05). ... Seven serrulatane diterpenes were identified to be the major secondary metabolites in E. glabra. The metabolites were screened using a broth dilution and microtitre spectrophotometry method and were selective against S. bovis at between 320 and 1077 [mu]g/ mL. The serrulatanes from E. glabra were probably responsible for the activity against acidosis that I observed in vitro, because they selectively inhibited lactateproducing bacteria. It is also possible that a synergy between serrulatanes and possibly other metabolites are responsible for the activity observed in vitro. The results from my experiments support the role that bioactive plants may have to replace the antibiotics that are added to livestock feed. Australian plants were identified containing compounds that were active against the bacterial processes responsible for ruminant acidosis. To my knowledge this is the first work undertaken to identify bioactive plants of Australia for their potential to prevent acidosis. I developed in vitro screening bioassays that targeted key indicators of acidosis. These bioassays enabled me to identify 5 plants from the 104 screened that could potentially control acidosis. One of these plants in particular, E. glabra, showed a level of activity in vitro that was comparable to antibiotic protection against acidosis. The exciting in vitro results were not demonstrated in vivo but only one dose level of E. glabra was used, which was based on the in vitro work. In contrast to the in vitro system the rumen is a continuous flow system with greater complexity and it is possible that the concentration of E. glabra that I used in vivo was not optimum. This places importance on future dose response experiments to confirm the efficacy of E. glabra in vivo.
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Spence, Andrew J. "The Effect of Lactic Acid on Mast Cell Function." VCU Scholars Compass, 2014. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3629.
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This study shows for the first time the effect that L-(+)-lactic acid has on mast cell activation. Lactic acid is a byproduct of anaerobic glycolysis and is associated with inflammatory environments such as wounds, tumors and, asthma. In this study, pre-treatment with lactic acid altered cytokine production by bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMC). Specifically, lactic acid enhanced cytokine secretion following IgE cross-linking, but decreased IL-33 mediated cytokine production. These effects were altered by genetic background, since C57BL/6 mast cells demonstrated the aforementioned result, but lactic acid had no effect on IgE-mediated cytokine production in 129/SvJ mast cells. The affected cytokines included IL-6, TNF, MCP-1, MIP-1α, IL-13, and VEGF. Lactic acid pretreatment promoted a G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. Investigation into the IL-33 signaling pathway showed lactic acid decreased TAK1 and JNK phosphorylation, while increasing phosphorylated AKT levels. Blocking JNK and TAK1 with a small molecule inhibitor mimicked the effects of lactic acid. Interestingly, lactic acid significantly increased IL-33 mediated VEGF. An in vitro angiogenesis assay confirmed that mast cells were pro-angiogenic in a lactic acid-rich environment. Taken together, these data show that lactic acid impacts mast cell function, possibly promoting a pro-angiogenic, anti-inflammatory phenotype.
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Hattingh, Melanie. "The effect of lactic acid bacteria and fungi on the malting of barley." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/79911.
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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Barley malt is the predominant raw material for beer brewing world-wide. To meet consumer demand, a constant high quality malt product is required. Malt quality is determined by the degree of substrate hydrolysis during germination and mashing which serves as fermentable substrates for alcoholic fermentation during brewing. It is often difficult to sustain malt of high quality due to inconsistent malt batches and poor germination capacities of dormant barley. External additives such as chemicals and gibberellic acid have been used to overcome these difficulties but are unwanted in the beverage industry. Maltsters are consequently always in search of alternative solutions. Microbes produce diverse enzymes which can contribute to substrate hydrolysis during germination. The development of such starter cultures might provide a natural and economically feasible alternative to augment barley germination. Starter culture technology has been employed in the malting industry, although the main focus has been to improve the microbial stability of malt. The exploitation of cultures with hydrolytic capabilities to augment barley germination is consequently largely unexplored. The aim of this study was to develop a starter culture which can contribute to the enzymatic degradation of barley polymers. Geotrichum spp. and Lactobacillus plantarum were isolated from substrates rich in polymers present in barley and screened for enzymatic capabilities. Geotrichum spp. produced cellulase, xylanase, protease and β-glucanase activities, while L. plantarum harboured cell-bound and extracellular α-amylase activities. These cultures were added in different combinations during the malting of Erica and SSG 564 cultivars, but did not enhance germination significantly. Improved malt parameters did not correlate with microbial enzyme activities and the data were not repeatable. Preliminary plate assays could thus not be used to predict enzyme production in a malting environment. Cell-free supernatants with known enzyme activities of Aspergillus sp., Trichoderma reesei and Rhizopus sp. significantly enhanced malt quality. To our knowledge, the use of fungal supernatant to augment malt modification is a novel concept. Supernatant is more convenient than starter cultures and will aid to deliver more constant malt products than live cultures, as known enzyme levels are added.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Garsmout is wêreldwyd die oorheersende roumateriaal vir bier brou. Om die aanvraag van verbruikers te bevredig, word 'n konstante hoë gehalte mout produk vereis. Die kwailiteit van mout word bepaal deur die graad van substraathidrolise gedurende ontkieming, wat dien as fermenteerbare substraat vir alkoholiese fermentasie tydens verbrouing. Dit is dikwels moeilik om ʼn konstante, hoë gehalte, moutproduk te lewer as gevolg van variasie in mout en die swak ontkiemingsvermoë van dormante gars. Hierdie probleem kan oorbrug word met eksterne toevoegings soos chemikalieë en gibberelliensuur, maar dit is nie ʼn gewensde praktyk in die broubedryf nie. Vermouters is gevolglik gedurig op soek na alternatiewe oplossings. Mikroörganismes produseer diverse ensieme wat kan bydra tot substraathidrolise gedurende ontkieming. Die ontwikkeling van sodanige suurselkulture is moontlik 'n natuurlike en ekonomies praktiese alternatief om die ontkieming van gars te stimuleer. Suurselkulture is reeds in die moutindustrie gebruik, alhoewel die fokus hoofsaaklik was om die mikrobiese stabiliteit van mout te verbeter. Die konsep om kulture met hidrolitiese vermoëns te gebruik om garsontkieming aan te vul is gevolglik grootliks onverken. Die doel van hierdie studie was om 'n suurselkultuur te ontwikkel wat kan bydra tot 'n ensiematiese afbraak van die polimere in gars. Geotrichum spp. en Lactobacillus plantarum is uit substrate ryk aan polimere teenwoordig in gars geïsoleer en vir hul ensiem aktiwiteite getoets. Geotrichum spp. het sellulase, xylanase, protease en β-glukanase aktiwiteit getoon, terwyl L. plantarum sel-gebonde en ekstrasellulêre α-amilase aktiwiteit getoon het. Hierdie kulture is in verskillende kombinasies tydens die vermouting van Erica en SSG 564 kultivars bygevoeg, maar het nie tot ʼn verbetering in die ontkieming van die gars gelei nie. Geen korrelasie is gevind tussen verbeterde mout parameters en mikrobiese ensiemaktiwiteit nie. Die resultate was ook nie herhaalbaar nie. Voorlopige plaattoetse kan dus nie as 'n maatstaf gebruik word om ensiem produksie deur suurselkulture in vermounting te voorspel nie. Sel-vrye supernatante van Aspergillus sp., Trichoderma reesei en Rhizopus sp., met bekende ensiem aktiwiteit, het die gehalte van mout aansienlik verbeter. Sover ons kennis strek is die gebruik van supernatante van fungi om die ontkieming van gars te stimuleer ʼn nuwe konsep. Supernatant is meer gerieflik as suurselkulture en sal help om konstante mout produkte te lewer aangesien ensiemvlakke beter beheer kan word.
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Weng, Wei-Lien. "Antimicrobial effect of yogurt lactic acid bacteria and muscadine products on Enterobacter sakazakii." Diss., Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2008. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-10272008-163451.
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Feeback, Matthew R. "Effect of Oral L-arginine Supplementation on Lactic Acid and Maximal Oxygen Consumption in Healthy Males." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1240929188.
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Morris, Richard P. "The effect of water immersion on lactic acid kinetics during swimmimg interval training recovery periods." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 1997. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/RTD/id/20389.
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University of Central Florida College of Education ThesisThe purpose of the study was to determine the difference in the circulation of lactic acid following high intensity swimming, between resting immersed in water or resting sitting on the pool deck, completely out of the water. Six (four male and two female) collegiate swimmers volunteered for the study. The swimmers were randomly assigned to two groups and a counterbalance design was employed, were each group experienced both treatments (one resting out of the water, one resting in the water), in different orders. Each swimmer completed an identical warm-up and them swam five 100 yard swims at 85-95% intensity, with one group resting three minutes between 100 yard swims sitting upright on the pool deck, and the other group remaining immersed in water for the three minute rest interval. Blood samples were taken during the second minute of the rest intervals, following the first, third and fifth swims. analysis of the samples was conducted with a YSI 231 Lactate Analyzer. Results showed that the swimmers had higher levels of circulating lactic acid following the first swim when the remained in the water. All six swimmers then showed a rapid inflection of lactic acid levels between the first and third trail when out of the water for the rest intervals. Lactic acid levels showed only a slight increase when the swimmers remained in the water during rest. REsults of the study showed a distinct difference in the circulatory patterns of lactic acid in swimmers following high intensity swimming between rest taken out of the water and in the water. The limitations due to sample size and training background were discussed. Implications for training design were proposed.
Ed.D.;
Exceptional and Physical Education
Education;
54 p.
viii, 54 leaves, bound : ill. ; 28 cm.
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Duvillard, Sergei Petelin von. "Determination of the Lactate Threshold by Respiratory Gas Exchange Measures and Blood Lactate Levels During Incremental-Load Work." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1987. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331769/.
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The purpose of this investigation was to examine the change in pulmonary ventilation (V_E), ventilatory equivalent of oxygen (VE_O_2) and lactic acid (LA) in relation to oxygen uptake (V_O_2) as predictors of the lactate threshold (LT). Eight healthy male (21.9 ± 3.0 years) subjects conducted three incremental-load tests. In each test the initial work rate consisted of 4 minutes of unloaded pedaling ("0" load) followed by incremental-load work of 360 Kgm • min^-1 at 60 rpm for trial I and trial II, while during trial III the work rate consisted of 540 Kgm • min^-1 of incremental-load work at 90 rpm. Work load was increased every third minute until the subject reached voluntary exhaustion. Blood samples from a forearm vein were collected during trial II (60 rpm) and trial III (90 rpm) and analyzed for lactic acid. In our subjects the measured (x̄ ± SD) lowest VE_O_2 for O_2 in relation to V_O_2 for trial I of 22.9 ± 1.9 occurred at a V_O_2 of 1.27 ± 0.8 L • min^-1. For trial II the VE_O_2 of 22.4 ± 1.3 occurred at a V_O_2 of 1.30 ± 0.09 L • min^-1, while for trial III a VE_O_2 of 24.4 ± 2.5 occurred at a V_O_2 of 1.84 ± 0.15 L • min^-1. The lowest VE_O_2 and onset of LA accumulation as calculated from individual exponential equations relating V_E to V_O_2 yielded V_O_2 values at 1.77 ± 0.18 L • min^-1 and 1.74 ± 0.25 L • min^-1 for trial II, and 1.83 ± 0.19 L • min^-1 and 2.02 ± 0.53 during trial III. Utilizing ln[LA]-ln V_O_2 equations, the LT occurred at a V_O_2 of 1.30 ± 0.07 L • min^-1 during trial II and 1.85 ± 0.12 L • min^-1 during trial III. It was concluded that during the 60 rpm test that the lactate threshold was best predicted by measured lowest VE_O_2 and the plot of the In[LA] to In V_O_2 relationship. The methods used in this study provide a valid and reliable estimate of the lactate threshold and support the use of measured lowest VE_O_2 , a respiratory gas exchange measure, as an indirect measure of the lactate threshold.
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Dengel, Donald R. "Metabolic determinants of success during triathlon competition." Virtual Press, 1986. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/452141.
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Eleven male triathletes were studied to determine the relationships between selected metabolic measurements and triathlon performance. Measurements were made for oxygen consumption (V02), pulmonary ventilation (Ve) and heart rate (HR) during submaximal and maximal 400-yd freestyle swimming (FS), cycle ergometry (CE) and treadmill running (TR). Submaximal workloads were 1 m/sec for swimming, 200 watts for cycling and 7.5 mph for running. The mean (1/min) was significantly (P<0.05) lower during 1/min) than CE (4.68 1/sin) or TR (4.81 1/min). cycling and running performance times during the (1.2 mile swim, 56 mile cycle, 13.1 mile run) were to have a low relationship to V0z max (ml/kg/min) -0.32 and -0.55, respectively. The V0z max when expressed as 1/min was found to significantly (P<0.05) related to cycling time (r=-0.70). However, at a selected workload the %VO2 max was found to be highly related to swimming (0.91), cycling (0.78) and running (0.86) performance times. Maximal HR (bts/min) was also observed to be significantly (P<0.05) lower during FS (163) than CE (176) or TR (183). Running and cycling times in the triathlon were highly correlated (P<0.05) to overall triathlon performance times, 0.97 and 0.81, respectively, whereas swimming was found to be less a contributor to the athlete's final time, r=0.30. This study suggests that economy of effort is of greater importance to a triathlete's performance than their maximal oxygen uptake.
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Mottet, Rachel Susan. "Lipoic Acid Supplementation in the Ovariectomized Ewe." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2011. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/29854.
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Inadequate concentrations of progesterone during gestation can result in impaired embryonic growth and losses. These losses may be attributed to an overactive mechanism of progesterone catabolism or improper luteal function, which results in low concentration of progesterone. Progesterone catabolism occurs to the greatest extent by the liver, which holds a vast supply of cytochrome P450 enzymes and aldo-keto reductases that are involved in steroid inactivation. Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that is involved in glucose uptake and metabolism. Progesterone catabolism is decreased in the
presence of elevated insulin levels. Lipoic acid is a naturally occurring antioxidant and multienzyme cofactor which has been shown to increase insulin sensitivity and enhance glucose uptake in a number of species. The objectives of the current experiments were to 1) determine if administering a racemic mixture of lipoic acid by gavage at a dose of 32 mg/kg BW would increase peripheral progesterone concentrations, decrease progesterone clearance rates, or modulate cytochrome P450 2C (CYP2C), cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A), or aldo-keto reductase 1 C (AKRIC) hepatic enzyme activity, and 2) determine if dosing lipoic acid directly into the rumen at 32 mg/kg BW or 64 mg/kg BW would increase progesterone in the blood, decrease progesterone clearance rates, or modulate insulin. In the first trial, Katahdin cross ovariectomized ewes were randomly assigned to a control or a lipoic acid treatment group. In this experiment, a controlled internal drug release (CIDR) device was inserted in all ewes and serum samples were collected daily for five days to determine progesterone. Liver biopsies were performed on day 10 to measure CYP2C, CYP3A, and AKRI C activity. Following liver biopsies, CIDRs were removed and an intensive blood sampling was performed to measure progesterone decay from peripheral circulation. We found that while lipoic acid does not have an effect on peripheral progesterone concentrations or hepatic enzyme activity, lipoic acid supplemented ewes have decreased progesterone clearance rates compared to control ewes. In the second trial, ovariectomized Katahdin cross ewes were randomly assigned to a control, low lipoic acid (32 mg/kg BW), or a high lipoic acid (64 mg/kg BW) treatment group. A CIDR was inserted in all ewes and blood samples were taken daily for 4 days. Following CIDR removal on day 11, an intensive blood sampling was performed to measure progesterone decay from peripheral circulation. One week following CIDR removal, ewes underwent an intravenous glucose tolerance test. It was found that lipoic acid supplementation did not affect progesterone concentrations, progesterone clearance, or insulin area under the curve. There was a treatment effect such that high lipoic acid dosed ewes had higher area under the curve for glucose when compared to control and low lipoic acid dosed ewes. Although no differences in progesterone concentrations were seen in the second trial, we speculate
that the administration method rather than the efficacy of lipoic acid may account for the lack of differences observed. This theory is based on evidence from our first trial that oral lipoic acid supplementation did in fact reduce progesterone catabolism, as well as published data demonstrating that ruminally dosed lipoic acid is less effective than the equivalent oral dose.
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Wilson, Nicholas R. "The effect of lactic acid bacteria on congener composition and sensory characteristics of Scotch Malt Whisky." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/2260.
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Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) comprise a major part of the natural microflora of Scotch malt whisky fermentations, due to their tolerance of heat and elevated ethanol concentrations. In this study, their effects on the organoleptic properties of the spirit were investigated. Samples from late (>70 h) fermentations were obtained from whisky distilleries throughout Scotland. Bacteria of varying colony morphologies were isolated, purified, and characterised initially using random amplification of polymorphic DNA – polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR). Isolates with differing RAPD patterns were retained and their ability to produce 10-hydroxystearic acid (10- HSA) from oleic acid was determined qualitatively using high performance thin layer chromatography. 10-HSA is the primary precursor of γ-dodecalactone, which is an important flavour compound in malt whisky responsible for the desirable “sweet and fatty” characteristic of the spirit. Thirty-nine isolates had strong or weak bioconversion activity while 89 isolates displayed negligible or no activity. Forty-two strains, largely from the former category were identified using partial 16S rRNA gene sequences. Lactobacillus paracasei was the predominant organism but L. brevis and L. plantarum were also identified. These 42 strains were assessed for their bioconversion capacity in a semi-quantitative manner using gas chromatography – mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and five isolates, comprising L. brevis, two strains of L. paracasei, and two strains of L. plantarum were selected for further study. These isolates were used in laboratory–scale, simulated whisky fermentations with Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Fermentation liquor (wash) was distilled to produce new-make spirit, which was analysed organoleptically by quantitative descriptive analysis. Spirit from fermentations inoculated with L. brevis had an enhanced “sweet” character, probably due to the higher γ-lactone levels detected in this whisky, as well as increased “sulfury” and “meaty” notes, most likely due to yeast autolysis. L. paracasei enhanced the “green/grassy” notes of new-make spirit, while also adding a “sour” aroma probably resulting from the elevated levels of lactic acid detected in the wash. Like L. paracasei, L. plantarum increased the “green/grassy” notes of new-make spirit. Further fermentations were carried out in which L. brevis, one strain of L. paracasei, and one strain of L. plantarum were inoculated into fermentations with yeast comprising 90% S. cerevisiae and 10% Torulaspora delbrueckii, which had been iii isolated previously from Scotch whisky fermentations and shown to enhance the concentration of γ-lactones in new-make spirit. Co-fermentation of L. brevis with S. cerevisiae and T. delbrueckii resulted in a spirit with increased “green/grassy”, “sweet”, and “oily” notes, with decreases in “sulfury” and “meaty” observed when the wild yeast was not present. Spirit derived from co-fermentations of L. paracasei and T. delbrueckii exhibited increased “soapy”, “sour”, and “sulfury” notes. Cofermentation of L. plantarum and T. delbrueckii caused increases in “green/grassy”, “soapy”, “sweet”, “sour”, and “sulfury” notes. Increased concentrations of γ-lactones were detected in new-make spirit distilled from fermentations inoculated with L. brevis, presumably contributing to the enhanced sweet character of this spirit. This effect was further amplified by the inclusion of T. delbrueckii in the laboratory–scale fermentations.
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Leeuw, KJ, FK Siebrits, PH Henning, and HH Meissner. "Effect of Megasphaera elsdenii NCIMB 41125 drenching on health and performance of steers fed high and low roughage diets in the feedlot." South African Journal of Animal Science, 2009. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1001679.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract
Lactate utilising bacteria (LUB) assist in reducing the risk of ruminal lactate acidosis when high
concentrate diets are fed to feedlot cattle. Ruminal lactate acidosis can lead to lower animal performance
and morbidity. Preliminary studies suggested that the strain, Megasphaera elsdenii (M.e.) NCIMB 41125, is
a particularly potent LUB. The potential of M.e.NCIMB 41125 to improve the health and performance of
feedlot cattle was investigated. Four hundred and forty eight Bonsmara steers (ca. 240 kg) were used in a
100-day feeding trial. Half the steers received at processing 200 mL M.e.NCIMB 41125 per os (LY) and the
other half no LUB (LN). The diets in each of these treatments were divided into a low roughage (2%) (RL)
and high roughage (8%) (RH) diet. The effects of LY vs. LN, RL vs. RH as main effects and their respective
interactions (LYRL, LYRH, LNRL & LNRH) were compared in terms of morbidity, feedlot performance
and carcass characteristics. The steers were weighed at two week intervals, feed was offered daily and the
orts were removed weekly from each pen. The faecal consistency score and incidence of morbidity were
recorded. At slaughter, carcass data were collected and the health status of the liver and rumen epithelium
was assessed. Steers dosed with M.e.NCIMB 41125 had a 5.6% better average daily gain (ADG) during
weeks 3 - 5 (2.09 kg/day vs. 1.98 kg/day for LY and LN, respectively). Feed conversion ratio (FCR, Weeks
1 - 13) was better for the steers fed the RL than the RH treatment (4.72 kg/kg vs. 4.99 kg/kg for RL and RH,
respectively). Steers on the LNRH treatment during weeks 3 - 5 used more feed per kg gain than steers on
the other treatments (5.39 kg/kg for LNRH vs. 4.74 kg/kg and 4.72 kg/kg for LYRL and LNRL,
respectively). More steers (21) on the LNRL treatment were treated for morbidity than on the other
treatments (8, 7 and 5 for LYRL, LYRH and LNRH, respectively). In general, animal performance was not
improved by dosing with M.e.NCIMB 41125, but since ADG was improved in the immediate postadaptation
phase (weeks 3 - 5) and morbidity levels were lower on the low roughage diet, dosing of steers on
low roughage, lactate acidosis-prone, diets with M.e.NCIMB 41125 should prove useful.
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Naik, Ashutosh. "Effect of calcination and silanisation on the degradation of poly (DL lactic-co-glycolic acid)-hydroxyapatite composites." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.608214.
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Kayagil, Fulya. "Effect Of Traditional Starter Cultures On Quality Of Cheese." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607103/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
In this study, the physico-chemical chances occurring in white cheese and possible effects of starter culture combinations to the ripening period during 30 days storage examinated.
A total of thirty six lactic acid bacteria were isolated from a cheese made witohout using starter culture. For identification gram staining, catalase, gas production and coagulation tests were performed. For determination of species API50 CH (BioMérieux) and partial 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis were used. Four cheese were produced, one by using commercial starter culture [Lyofast CMS (Lactococcus lactic subs. lactis and Lactococcus lactis subs. cremoris)]as control the other three by using different combinations of isolates [Lactococcus lactic subs. lactis (13%) +Lactobacillus brevis (40%)+Lactobacillus paracasei (47%)
Lactococcus lactic subs. lactis (36%)+Lactobacillus paracasei (64%)
Lactococus lactis subs. lactis (24,5%)+ Lactobacillus paracasei (28,5%) + Lactobacillus brevis (47%)] Cheese were ripened in 15% saline solution 4 C for 30 days.Samples were taken from each treatment and analyzed on 2nd,15th and 30th days Sensory ,microbiological and chemical properties of the cheese preparations as pH, acidity ,salt,fat,moisture,protein contents during storage period were determined. In this respect effect of using different starter culture combinations on quality of Turkish white chee was determined and Lactococcus lactis subs. lactis(13%)+Lactobacillus brevis (40%)+Lactobacillus paracasei(47%) combination was found as the best and can be suggested as ideal combination for white cheese production.
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Samkange, Tendai. "Evaluation of the effect of polyethylene glycol incorporation on the performance of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles." University of the Western Cape, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6112.
Full textAbstract:
Magister Scientiae - MSc (Pharmaceutical Chemistry)Nanoparticle drug delivery is challenged by the binding of proteins in blood which result in their rapid removal from the circulatory system. Nanoparticles engineered to delay protein binding have shown to have extended circulatory times. One such engineering technique is PEGylation, which is the coating of nanoparticles with polyethylene glycol (PEG). PEG shields the nanoparticle from adhesive interactions with proteins. However, the optimal PEG content required to impart this "stealth" property onto poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles, is unknown. Moreover, the effect of PEGylation on drug release has not been thoroughly investigated.
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Sharp, Carwyn. "The effect of branched-chain amino acid supplementation Rebuild II [TM], on cortisol levels in healthy resistance trained males." Virtual Press, 2001. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1221280.
Full textAbstract:
Computer-mediated communication [CMC] is beginning to be used more frequently in traditional classrooms. A group of physical chemistry professors have developed Physical Chemistry On-Line [PCOL] modules designed to augment in-class instruction and engage students at geographically dispersed institutions in activities to help them learn physical chemistry concepts. These modules use context-rich scenarios with a guided-inquiry approach, and the WWW and e-mail for information distribution and communication. This allows for intra- and inter-institutional collaboration between module participants. Three modules implemented during the Fall 2000 term are evaluated in this study. In order to assess the effectiveness of PCOL, each student completed a pre-module and post-module survey, pre-module and post-module content questions, and participated in an online discussion group. The primary focus of this analysis was to determine the student's: 1) perception of on-line activities, 2) perception of on-line interactions, and 3) use of computers.School of Physical Education
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McGovern, Bryan. "The effects on strength and performance of an amino acid supplement, Rebuild II [TM], following strength training in collegiate softball players." Virtual Press, 1999. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1139531.
Full textAbstract:
Fourteen Ball State University softball players participated in this study to examine the effects of an amino acid supplement, Rebuild II TM, on strength and performance. Rebuild II TM contains high levels of BCAAs and glutamine. Two groups strength trained for ten weeks with the treatment group consuming Rebuild II TM, and the control group consuming a placebo. Subjects were pre and post-tested on the bench press, squat and machine shoulder press for strength, and performed a 90-foot sprint and a vertical jump for performance measures. LBW was calculated from the subjects body weight and percent fat. Pre and post measures were analyzed using a two way Anova variance with repeated measures test with a significant level set at p< 0.05. Both groups showed significant increases in strength and vertical jump performance, but only the Rebuild II TM group had a significant increase in LBW and decrease in percent fat. It was concluded that with a controlled weight training program, softball players will increase strength and vertical jump performance, and by adding an amino acid supplement to an athletes diet, there may be larger increases in LBW and decreases in percent fat while strength training.School of Physical Education
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Choi, Myung D. "The regulation of ceramide content and insulin resistance in skeletal muscle." Virtual Press, 2006. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1337183.
Full textAbstract:
Insulin resistance is commonly developed in obesity and is a trait of the beginning stage of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). It is highly likely that the high plasma fatty acid levels provoke the condition in the obese and insulin resistant state of type 2 DM. Hence, the purpose of this study was to determine if a high concentration of palmitic acid causes insulin resistance and how ceramide content is regulated under the various conditions in the isolated rat soleus muscle. A submaximal insulin stimulus (100 ,aU/ml) increased 3-O-methylglucose transport by -2.7 fold over basal conditions in the soleus (1.90 ± 0.23 µmol•ml"1•hr-1 vs. 5.06 ± 0.38 µmol•ml-1•hr-1, respectively) (P < 0.05). Five hours of palmitic acid preincubation induced a significant decrease in insulin-stimulated glucose transport (3.49 ± 0.11 µmol•ml-1•hr-1) by -31 % (P < 0.05) compared with the control. By contrast, the addition of L-cycloserine, a serine palmitoyltransferase inhibitor, attenuated the palmitic acid response by -20% (4.19 ± 0.27 µmol•ml-1•hr-1) (P < 0.05). A 5 hr preincubation with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR), an adenosine analogue that increase AMP activated protein kinase, increased glucose transport (3.29 ± 0.1 µmol•ml-1•hr-1) (P < 0.05) compared with the control group. Moreover, regardless if palmitic acid or L-cycloserine were present, insulin-stimulated glucose uptake was normalized (5.30 ± 0.38 µmol•ml-1•hr-1 and 5.56 ± 0.16 µmol•ml"1•hr-1, respectively) after 5 hr AICAR preincubation. We next measured the ceramide content to investigate whether the reduced glucose uptake results from ceramide accumulation in the soleus. The total ceramide mass in the soleus was increased by -35% in palmitic acid-treated group compared with the control group (122.02 ± 2.07 pmol•mg-1 vs. 90.79 + 1.24 pmol•mg 1, respectively) (P<0.05). Both L-cycloserine and AICAR decreased palmitateinduced ceramide synthesis by -20% and -14%, respectively (97.15 + 2.5 pmol•mg-1 and 105.79 ± 1.94 pmol•mg-1, respectively) (P<0.05) compared with the palmitic acid-treated group. We also measured serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT) to determine if AICAR regulates ceramide synthesis by inhibiting SPT. Total SPT protein level increased by -27% (P<0.05) and SPT activity increased by -44% (P<0.05) compared with the control group. By contrast, after muscles were incubated with L-cycloserine for 5 hr, both SPT protein level and enzyme activity were decreased by -17% and -23%, respectively (P<0.05). In adition, 5 hr AICAR treatment blunted palimitic acid-induced SPT protein level and enzyme activity by 11% (P<0.05) and 20% (P<0.05), respectively, compared with the palmitic acid-treated group. In conclusion, these data suggest that short term exposure (5 hr) to high fatty acid levels appears to cause insulin resistance by increasing ceramide accumulation and that AMPK expression (AICAR treatment) can attenuate the problem by regulating SPT levels.School of Physical Education, Sport, and Exercise Science
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Anderson, Cindy S. "Ventilatory and lactate thresholds in boys and men." Virtual Press, 2001. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1222827.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study was to examine VT and LT in boys and men. Eight boys (10-11 years) and nine men (18-30 years) completed a graded exercise test on a cycle ergometer. A two-way (group x threshold) ANOVA compared physiological responses (V02 1/min and ml/kg/min, percentage of V02max, and HR) at VT and LT. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. No significant interaction was observed. Significant main effects for group included a higher V02 (1/min) in the men, and a higher percentage of VO2max in the boys. Significant main effects for threshold showed all variables were greater at VT than LT. Within each group, all variables were significantly higher at VT than LT. For the boys and all subjects together, significant correlations between thresholds were observed for V02 (1/min and ml/kg/min) and HR, but not percentage of VO2max. For the men alone, no significant correlations were found. Together, these results suggest that physiological changes associated with LT may contribute to the onset of VT, and the occurrence of the thresholds (expressed as a percentage of VO2max) declines with maturation.School of Physical Education
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Hopper, P. G. "The effect of an inoculant of lactic acid bacteria on the chemical composition and nutritive value of grass silage." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.379745.
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Goldman, Alissa. "The effects on strength, power, and body composition of an amino acid supplement, Rebuild II, following strength training in collegiate male basketball players." Virtual Press, 2000. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1179129.
Full textAbstract:
Thirteen Ball State University, male basketball players participated in this study to examine the effects of an amino acid supplement, Rebuild IITM and glutamine, on strength and vertical jump performance. Rebuild IITM contains high levels of BCAA and glutamine.The thirteen subjects were divided into two groups, Rebuild IIT"'' (n=7) and placebo (n=6). Both groups participated in a ten week strength and conditioning training program. Subjects were pre and post-tested on the hang clean, bench press, squat, and the vertical jump. Changes in percent body fat were also compared. Pre and post measures were analyzed using a 2x2 ANOVA variance with a significant level set at p<0.05. Both groups showed significant increases between pre and post-test measurements in all of the variables measured, but could not be significantly proven to be due to treatment effect. It was concluded that with a controlled strength and conditioning program, basketball players would increase strength and vertical jump performance and decrease percent body fat. Yet in order to determine whether an amino acid supplement may further increase these measurements, a dietary recall must be obtained.School of Physical Education
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Bezuidenhout, Johannes Jacobus. "Elucidating the dual physiological induced effect of gliotoxin on plants / Johannes Jacobus Bezuidenhout." Thesis, North-West University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/6945.
Full textAbstract:
Fungi and Oomycetes represent the two most important groups of eukaryotic plant pathogens. Besides chemical and physical control of these pathogens, biological control is an approach enjoying increasingly more focus. One of the biological agents increasingly employed in biological control of plant pathogenic fungi is ironically the fungus Trichoderma, more specifically Trichoderma harzianum. Besides control of the fungal plant pathogens, another interesting aspect observed when plants are treated with Trichoderma harzianum are effects such as complete and even stand of plants, faster seed germination, increases in plant height and overall enhanced plant growth. Though there have been various studies on this effect, almost no research has yet been conducted to elucidate the mechanism by which these effects occur. In particular, effects such as faster seed germination suggest that Trichoderma harzianum produces a metabolite that may mimic the plant growth hormone gibberellic acid. Through an evaluation of the various metabolites produced by Trichoderma harzianum; gliotoxin seemed structurally most similar to gibberellic acid. To verify that gliotoxin can indeed serve as an analogue for gibberellic acid and elicit similar physiological responses in plants, a two–pronged approach was followed.
Firstly, molecular similarity evaluation through common pharmacophore evaluation was conducted, followed by docking simulations into the recently discovered receptor for gibberellic acid. Common pharmacophore evaluation between gibberellic acid and gliotoxin showed successful alignment of gliotoxin into the gibberellic acid based pharmacophore space. Furthermore, docking simulations further strengthened this by the similarity in docking scores calculated and the similar poses of the ligands (gliotoxin and gibberellic acid) in the receptor space. However, similarity in pharmacophore alignment and docking simulation results only suggest that gliotoxin should be able to occupy the receptor space, but it is not a guarantee that similar physiological responses will be elicited.
In the second part of the project, the ability of gliotoxin to elicit similar physiological responses in plants to gibberellic acid was investigated. For this, a–amylase induction; plant emergence and height; and chlorophyll fluorescence were compared for both gliotoxin and gibberellic acid treatments. In terms of a–amylase induction, gliotoxin was able to induce production of the enzyme as visualised by starch–containing native gel electrophoresis (zymograms). Gliotoxin induced the strongest response at a 10–6 M dilution which is typically the range expected for hormones in biological systems in de–embryonated seeds of Phaseolus vulgaris. Gibberellic acid was able to induce the strongest response at a 10–7 M dilution. In essence, similar physiological responses were observed. In terms of plant emergence and plant height, treatment with gliotoxin or gibberellic acid resulted in plant emergence a day earlier than the untreated control. However, even though there were slight differences in plant height favouring the gliotoxin or gibberellic acid treated plants, the differences were not statistically significant. Thus, in this regard similar responses were again observed for both gliotoxin and gibberellic acid treatments. In the final evaluation the effect of gliotoxin and gibberellic acid treatments on the chlorophyll fluorescence of mature plants was investigated. Overall, both gliotoxin and gibberellic acid elicited beneficial effects on plant vitality, expressed through PI(Abs) with the gliotoxin treatment performing better than the equivalent gibberellic acid treatment.
Overall, the physiological tests demonstrated that gliotoxin can indeed elicit similar positive physiological responses to gibberellic acid in Phaseolus vulgaris. Furthermore the test used in this project can serve as a standard evaluation bench for screening for gibberellic acid analogues on a laboratory scale before larger scale field trials are considered.Thesis (Ph.D. (Microbiology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.
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Papamandjaris, Andrea A. "The effect of fatty acid chain length on energy metabolism in healthy women." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0026/NQ50233.pdf.
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Cai, Weisong, and 蔡蔚松. "The influence of alpha-cyano-4-hydroxy cinnamic acid on interstitial adenosine of muscle at rest and during contractions." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B44670084.
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La, Grange Colin David. "A study of the efficacy of homoeopathic treatment in controlling lactic acid accumulation and exercise fatigue." Thesis, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/2864.
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Dissertation submitted in compliance with the requirements for the Master's Degree in Technology: Homoeopathy, Technikon Natal, 1999.The action of homoeopathic medicine on physiological processes is poorly understood. It is hypothesized that homoeopathic potencies of Sarcolactic acid could have an effect in increasing the metabolism of lactate in the body, lowering its concentration change due to exercise, and thus reduce exercise fatigue. There is a need to investigate whether a homoeopathic remedy made from a physiological chemical can influence the action of this chemical in the body. Much has been done on the influence of homoeopathy on toxins, and their detrimental effects, but little is known of its effects 0(1 metabolic by-products and the influence of hqmoeopathy on their regulation
M
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Valladao, Marilin. "Growth of lactococci relative to antibiotic and quaternary ammonium compounds." Thesis, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/37622.
Full textAbstract:
The work presented in this thesis is concerned with the
effect of several antibiotics and quaternary ammonium
sanitizers upon growth of lactic acid bacteria. Section I
reports the purification of beta-lactamase from Lactococcus
cremoris PR-108, by ion exchange chromatography, using the
chromogenic substrate pyridine-2-azo-p-dimethylaniline
(PADAC) as the enzymatic indicator. Section II reports a
study of the influence of antibiotics on lactococcal growth,
where the effects of incubation time, culture dilution and the
use of seeded and spread agar plate techniques are
investigated. These studies were extended, in section III,
to include investigations of the effect of quaternary ammonium
base sanitizer (Ster-bac) on lactic starters. In addition,
this section describes an reverse phase high performance
liquid chromatography assay for the detection of quaternary
ammonium compounds in milk.Graduation date: 1991
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Lin, Shih-Wei, and 林世偉. "Effects of Freeze-Drying on the Survival and Major Physiological Characteristics of Lactic Acid Bacteria." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/27574124125963507758.
Full textAbstract:
碩士東海大學
畜產學系
91
Abstract The aims of this study were to research the effects of different protectants for lactic acid bacteria through the treatment of their physical and chemical characteristics and to find out the possibility of self-made freeze-dried starters on the basis of the following experiments. The purpose of the first part experiments was to study the effects of freeze-drying for lactic acid bacteria. Single strain and mixed strains bacteria groups were examined the differences of the physiological and biochemical properties before and after freeze drying. The results of the first part study were as follows: (1) The viable counts of L. acidophilus after freeze-drying was lower than that before freeze-drying (p＜0.05) and the others were no differences (p＞0.05). (2) In the test of NaCl, lysozyme and oxgall, the results represented that freezing and drying had significantly increased the bacteria sensitivity to these materials. The bacteria strains such as L. bulgaricus and S. thermophilus+L. bulgarius presented better performances in tolerance. Furthermore, adding 10% NFSM+5% glycerol as protectants increased the tolerance of S. thermophilus and L. acidophilus. (3) The freeze-dried B. longum and L. acidophilus+B. longum with protectants were incubated in MRS broth with 2% lactose. After freeze-drying, the activity of β-galactosidase increased significantly (p＜0.05). (4) The changes of freeze-dried bacteria in the finish-up time of freeze-dried S. thermophilus, L. acidophilus, B. longum with 10 % NFSM and B. longum with 10% NFSM+5% glycerol as protectants were significantly longer than the control (p＜0.05). (5) Regards to the changes of freeze-dried bacteria on the viable counts of fermented skim milk before and after freeze-drying, the lactic acid bacteria population reached more than 108 CFU/ml, and achieved the criterion of CNS 3058 (>107 CFU/ml). (6) According to the study of the changes of freeze-dried bacteria in the β-galactosidase activity of fermented skim milk before and after freeze-drying, we understood the activity of β-galactosidase of freeze-dried B. longum with protectants were significantly lower than the control (p＜0.05) and the others were no differences (p＞0.05). (7) The results of SDS-PAGE for the cell extracted from normal and dried cells with protectants indicated that no protein existed. However, the molecular weight of protein in freeze-dried cells without protectants was 46 kDa. The second part of the experiment was to detect the changes of freeze-dried bacteria during the storage under 25℃ for four months and to analyze the physiological and biochemical properties of all samples every month during storage.The results of the second study were indicated that (1) During the storage of freeze-dried bacteria, the viable counts declined with time. The survival rate of freeze-dried L. bulgaricus, S. thermophilus+L. bulgaricus and L. acidophilus+B. longum represented better than the others. Furthermore, adding 10% NFSM+5% glycerol as protectants increased the survival rate of S. thermophilus and L. acidophilus. (2) According to the results of the freeze-dried bacteria treated with NaCl, lysozyme and oxgall during the storage, the bacteria sensitivity to those chemicals was increased with time. This suggested that the storage would affect the stability of cell wall and the permeability of cell membrane. (3) The bacteria cells stored with protectants for four months were extracted for SDS-PAGE experiment. The results indicated that the 33 kDa proteins existed which suggested that the freeze-dried bacteria might be affected by the storage environment. The proteins of bacteria cell wall was unstable, therefore the proteins were extracted easily.
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Chou, Geng-Ting, and 周庚鋌. "Amelioration of physiological and behavioral abnormalities by administrating lactic acid bacteria." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/nbndfb.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立陽明大學
生化暨分子生物研究所
103
Stress impact may range from mild to severe anxiety behavior disorder, and early life stress caused irreversible damage on the brain, led to the adult is not easy to deal with stress, and often have symptoms such as depression and anxiety. In recent years, research found that some probiotics can improve depression or anxiety, also found brain-gut axis. This study used a previously research by the laboratory find out lactic acid bacteria LEE10 have anti-inflammatory and anti-depression potential, a more in-depth study to improve efficacy. First use of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis of animal experiments, dividing LEE10 into heat-kill treatment groups of dead and living section, evaluate LEE10 anti-inflammatory capabilities. Results are displayed in the live group improved fecal occult blood and shorten the length of the colon, and heat-killed and live groups have myeloperoxidase (MPO) lowered, and inflammatory cytokines in the colon, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) declined. In maternal separation (MS) induced depression-like animal experiment, open field test (OFT), elevated plus maze (EPM) and forced swimming test (FST) assess their anxiety and depression showed after feeding bacteria can improve the abnormal behavior induced by MS. On the analysis of neurotransmitters, MS caused by dopamine and its turnover rate in hippocampus decreased; after feeding bacteria can reduce the rate of metabolism of dopamine, but does not affect dopamine levels. And feed the bacteria can increase Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in the hippocampus, serum corticosterone back to normal display the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA axis) adjustment function back. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) reduction is one of the important depression pointers, also see the expression of BDNF increased after feeding the bacteria. Finally feed the bacteria cause serum inflammatory cytokines such as TNFα and IL-6 lowered and anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-10 (IL-10) raised. Based on the above results, LEE10 does have anti-inflammatory and anti-depression potential, further investigate the mechanisms of brain-gut axis in the future and have a potential to be used in the treatment of depression.
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Kao, Yu-Wen, and 高于雯. "Screening the lactic acid bacteria of the microflora and evaluation gastrointestinal physiological function." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/gw9s7d.
Full textAbstract:
碩士中國醫藥大學
藥學系碩士班
102
Lactobacillus and other microorganisms can form a stable eco-system in many environments and can stimulate the intestinal peristalsis, improve the intestinal flora , the beneficial to human health research shows high potential of lactic acid bacteria possess. Lactic acid bacteria and micro-organisms can produce viscosity extracellular polysaccharides and secreted outside the cell. Many studies have found that extracellular polysaccharide produced by lactic acid bacteria have anti-ulcer, regulate immune activity effects. Screening of polysaccharide content of lactic acid bacteria, and the herbal extract, and mushroom of freeze-dried powder solution in this study. Test of the extracellular polysaccharide content of the laboratory No. 1 to No. 90 and known lactic acid bacteria such as LGG, CMU995, B.longum. The result shows the top three extracellular polysaccharide content was LGG (1.51%), No. 57 (1.39%), No. 65 (1.26%) of lactic acid bacteria. The top three polysaccharide content of herbal aqueous extract was Citrus reticulata Blanco (10.1%), cortex Dictamni (6.95%), Phytolacca acinosa (5.48%). The top three of the freeze-dried powder of mushroom polysaccharide content for the solution was Trametes versicolor (21.5%), Ganoderma lucidum 10% concentrate (18.82%), Ganoderma lucidum (18.78%). In addition, to screen the lactic acid bacteria from human , tube feeding to mice and the change of intestinal bacteria was observed. Then select No.13,19,29, CMU995 to mice intestines trial (n = 6) for seven days, after assessment of the results. No. 13, CMU995 was selected to improve the human intestines trials, the study was a double-blind experiment divided into A, B, C (13, CMU995, the former two mix) three groups (n = 13). The results showed that 5 days after taking lactobacillus, the viable counts of E. coli bacteria in B and C group has declined; Enterobacteria in group B has declined ; Lactobacillus in group A and group B showed a upward trend; Clostridium perfringens was significantly lower trend in group A.
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Chang, Da-Wei, and 張大維. "Effect of aeration on the growth of lactic acid bacteria." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/38531986181117221372.
Full textAbstract:
碩士大同大學
生物工程學系(所)
101
In this study, Lactobacillus casei Shirota from Yakult and Lacto-bacillus acidophilus from AB yogurt of the President Enterprise Corporation were selected as the tested bacteria to study the aeration on the growth of lactic acid bacteria. The two Lactobacillus strains were cultured under aeration, micro-aeration, and anaerobic conditions in a 5L fermenters using MRS medium at 37?aC, pH 5. The cell concentrations, ORP, production of lactic acid and consumption of glucose were measured in the three aeration conditions of the fermentation. Effect of cell growth for the two Lactobacillus on aeration and ORP was discussed in this study. The results indicated that the maximum cell concentration and lactic acid production were OD600nm 20.55±0.21 and 31.4 g/L respectively for Lactobacillus casei Shirota under anaerobic conditions, and those for Lactobacillus acidophillus were OD600nm 11.95±0.17 and 24.6g/L. In this study, ORP was very close related to cell growth of the two Lactobacillus. ORP decreased continuously during the exponential growth phase under anaerobic or micro-aerobic conditions. When ORP remained constant or increased, cell growth was in stationary phase or cell lysis was observed. It was interesting to note that increasing cell lysis was observed under micro-aeration when the measured ORP increased.
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Ti, Peng Hsuan, and 彭瑄第. "Anti-allergic effect of milk fermented with lactic acid bacteria." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/21497158728372527484.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中興大學
食品科學系
92
The purpose of this investigation was to assess the anti-allergic effect of fermented milk of Streptococcus thermophilus MC, Lactobacillus acidophilus B, Lactobacillus bulgaricus Lb, Lactobacillus bulgaricus 448, and Bifidobacterium longum B6. Female BALB/c mice were immunized intraperitoneally with ovalbumin/complete Freund’s adjuvant to evaluate the specific immune response of mice fed with fermented milk by judging from cytokine, antibody and nitric oxide analysis. Both cultures of spontaneous and OVA-stimulated splenocytes from mice fed with L. bulgaricus Lb of fermented milk expressed significant reduction of IL-4 and promotion of IFN-γ secretion as compared with milk-fed controls. The IL-4 of spontaneous secretion of splenocytes from mice fed with milk fermented with S. thermophilus MC or L. acidophilus B was significantly decreased. When mice fed milk fermented with L. acidophilus B, L. bulgaricusm 448 or B. longum B6, the secretion of IL-6 from cultures of spontaneous or LPS-stimulated peritoneal cells significantly decreased. All tested LAB decreased the secretion of TNF- of LPS-stimulated peritoneal cells from OVA/CFA-primed mice (P < 0.05) and demonstrated the effect of anti-inflammation. The milk fermented with S. thermophilus MC was able to significantly stimulate the secretion of NO from peritoneal cell of mice by activating macrophage. The ratio of IFN-γ to IL-4 of spontaneous secretion of splenocytes, milk fermented with L. bulgaricus Lb significantly increased. The result of anti-OVA-IgE antibody from serum of OVA/CFA-primed mice indicated that S. thermophilus MC is more anti-allergic than that of milk fermented with other tested strains.
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Chen, Hsiao-Cheng, and 陳曉錚. "Inhibitory effect of lactic acid bacteria on the mutagenicity of nitrosamine." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/09895577179149273711.
Full textAbstract:
碩士輔仁大學
食品營養學系
91
The objectivess of this study were to investigate (1) the mutagenicity of various concentrations of nitrosamines and different lactic acid bacteria, (2) the antimutagenicity of lactic acid bacteria concentrations and filtrates obtained from cell suspensions of lactic acid bacteria against nitrosamines, (3) the antimutagenic activity of commercial yogurt containing lactic acid bacteria against nitrosamines. The mutagenic activites of three N-nitrosamines were tested using Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100. N-nitrosamine was not mutagenic to TA98 when the concentrations were below 10 mg/plate. N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) and N-nitroso- diethylamine (NDEA) also showed no mutagenicity to TA100 when the concentrations were below 5 mg/plate. However, the mutagenicity of N-nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR) in the presence of S9 mix with increasing concentration in the range of 0.5~5 mg per plate. In all of the selected 5 strains, Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacterium longum CCRC14634, and Streptococcus thermophilus CCRC14087 were not mutagenic to TA100, and the pH had no effect. All of the lactic acid bacterial growth broths examined moderately inhibited the mutagenicity of NPYR (4 mg/plate). Lactobacillus casei CCRC14073 showed the highest inhibition of 54.4%, and the mutagenicity of NPYR was inhibited to a smaller extent by each culture of L. bulgaricus CCRC14007, B. longum CCRC14634 and Lactobacillus acidophilus CCRC10695. Most supernatant of lactic acid bacterial growth broths tested had no antimutagenic effect against NPYR, whereas L. casei CCRC14073 showed weak antimutagenic activity. Lactic acid bacterial cells when presence at concentration of 109 CFU/mL showed higher antimutagenic activity against NPYR. Among the strains examined, L. casei CCRC14073, L. bulgaricus CCRC14007, B. longum CCRC14634 and S. thermophilus CCRC14087 exhibited higher inhibition percentage from 16.7 to 26.3%. In contrast, L. acidophilus CCRC10695 did not show appreciable levels of inhibition. In addition, some commercial yogurts containing viable lactic acid bacteria showed inhibitory effects in the range of 19.1~29.7% as well against the mutagenicity of NPYR
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Lin, Pei-Hsuan, and 林佩璇. "Effect of sugar addition on exopolysaccharides production by lactic acid bacteria." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/17514678344426219095.
Full textAbstract:
碩士中國文化大學
生活應用科學研究所
95
Abstract The objective of the study was to investigate the effects of lactic acid bacteria and monosaccharide addition on EPS (exopolysaccharides) production. Yogurt bacteria (Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. Bulgaricus and S.thermophilus) or Lactobacillus helveticus BCRC 14030 was inoculated into a fermentor containing skim milk medium with 1% or 5 % glucose, galactose, or fructose added, and incubated at 25 ℃, pH 6 for 96 hr. The viscosity of fermented medium, viable count, thread forming property of EPS, EPS yield, the composition of monosaccharide, and molecular weight of EPS were analyzed, in order to find an optimal lactic acid bacterium and monosaccharide for producing EPS with high yield and good thread forming property. While the viscosity of fermented medium decreased with increase in titration level, the viscosity of fermented medium produced between the treatments of yogurt bacteria and L. helveticus BCRC 14030 was not significantly different (p > 0.05). The addition of 1 % glucose did not improve the binding between yogurt bacteria and casein, which resulted in the decrease in the viscosity of the fermented medium (1.50 cp). The finding indicated the importance of casein on the viscosity. In addition, the inability of binding between lactic acid bacteria and casein could also result in the decrease in EPS yield (0.32 g/L). Higher thread forming properties were observed in 1 and 5 % galactose (1.35 and 2.43 cm) additions of both yogurt bacteria and L. helveticus BCRC 14030 treatments. Comparing the treatments of yogurt bacteria with L. helveticus BCRC 14030, 1 % glucose (0.86 vs.1.83 cm), 5 % galactose (0.86 vs.2.43 cm), and 5 % fructose (0.32 vs.1.86 cm) of L. helveticus BCRC 14030 treatments were found to be higher in thread forming property. Higher EPS yields were observed in 1 and 5 % galactose (2.12 and 1.72 g/L)additions of yogurt bacteria treatment. The yields of EPS were not significant different (1.44-3.42 g/L) (p > 0.05)in the treatments of L. helveticus BCRC 14030 with the addition of monosaccharide of different concentrations. Furthermore, EPS yields were significantly higher in the control and the treatments of 1 and 5 % glucose (2.72、2.98、3.42 g/L) additions than those of yogurt bacteria (0.91、0.32、1.40 g/L) treatments. In summary, the best thread forming property was found in 1 % galactose of yogurt bacteria treatment. Whereas 5 % galactose was the best in the L. helveticus BCRC 14030 treatment. Although the addition of 1 and 5 % glucose, galactose and fructose could not improve EPS yield of L. helveticus BCRC 14030 treatment, inoculation of this culture strain produced higher EPS yield and thread forming property, compared to yogurt bacteria.
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LEE, MEI-CHEN, and 李美貞. "Effect of Lactic Acid Bacteria on Hemodialysis Quality of Hemodialysis Patients." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/hb6s74.
Full textAbstract:
碩士弘光科技大學
營養醫學研究所
107
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relevance of LAB in improving dialysis quality in hemodialysis patients. In the double-blind, randomized controlled trial (RCT) mode, eligible dialysis patients were randomized into groups, the lactic acid bacteria group (LAB), the placebo group and the control group, and then intervened separately. Weeks and foods were stopped for 4 weeks, and the control group did not consume any test substances for observation. Subjects such as basic data, postural measurement, blood sample and clinical symptom scale were collected at 0, 6, 12, 18, 24, and 28 weeks for analysis. The results showed that the 74 patients who completed the trial were 31 males and 43 females with an age of 59.03±0.53 years. The average hemodialysis time was 5.87 ± 4.12 years. After hemodialysis, the average weight was 63.32±13.49 kg, the body mass index was 24.53±4.30 kg/m2, the waist circumference was 89.02±9.07 cm, the hip circumference was 95.56±7.01 cm, the waist-to-hip ratio was 0.93±0.08, and the systolic pressure was 142.48±. 20.05 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure was 69.23±11.77 mmHg. After 24 weeks of consumption of LAB the average PCS decreased by 2.22 pg/dL, which was better than that of the placebo group, which was 0.44 pg/dL, and the improvement rate was 52%, which was lower than that of the control group. After 24 weeks of consumption of LAB in the lactic acid bacteria group, the blood IS decreased by 17.41 pg. / dL, a significant improvement over the placebo group was reduced by 5.68pg/dL with an improvement of 76%. Therefore, the results of this study show that LAB can improve the dialysis quality of dialysis patients.
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Jhang, Dong-Jing, and 張冬靜. "Study on Antibacterial Effect of Lactic Acid Bacterial Bacteriocins Against Vibrio parahaemolyticus." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/3uh859.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣海洋大學
食品科學系
107
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is one of pathogens that can cause food poisoning. In many parts of the world, the infection by this microorganism was mostly related to the consumption of contaminated seafood. Controlling the growth of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in seafood is, thus, necessary. In this study, two strains of LAB, including Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis BCRC 10791 and Pediococcus pentosaceus BCRC 14024, which produce Nisin and Pediocin, were studied to explore their optimal combination effect as antibacterial against V. parahaemolyticus in cooked shrimps. The result showed that the cultivate condition of cell free supernatant of BCRC 10791 and BCRC 14024 were 30 hours at 30°C with the initial pH value of 6 and 5 have better inhibition against V. parahaemolyticus. Based on agar well diffusion test, the inhibition ability by mixing two (BCRC10791 + EDTA and BCRC14024 + EDTA) were better than single use. Moreover, the analysis of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) showed that there were three factors that have influences on the inhibition of V. parahaemolyticus. Subsequent experiment showed that Nisin 700 mg/ml + Pediocin 700 mg/ml + EDTA 120 mM had the optimum antibacterial effect. Besides, this study also showed that there was a negative correlation between effect of Nisin and Pediocin, indicating that both of these LAB do not need to use high concentrations to obtain a good inhibition. Furthermore, the inhibition effect of LAB on the growth of V. parahaemolyticus in cooked shrimps was influenced by the storage temperature conditions. All treatment can inhibit the growth of V. parahaemolyticus under 7 log CFU/g for 6 to 12 hours at 35℃ and 120 to 192 hours at 10℃, depending on the treatment. Moreover, multiple regression analysis showed that the inhibition effect was negatively influenced by temperature conditions and positively influenced by the antibacterial combination. The most influential ones are temperature conditions, the concentration of CFS of BCRC 10791, the concentration of EDTA, and the concentration of CFS of BCRC 14024. This study concluded that these three antibacterial combinations could inhibit the V parahaemolyticus and there was an interaction between Nisin and Pediocin. The antibacterial combinations found in this study may be applicable for inhibiting the growth of other pathogen bacteria and may be also applicable for other type of food products.
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Wang, Wei-Chih, and 王偉至. "Effect of Chlorella Growth Factor on the Growth of Lactic Acid Bacteria." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/qkutmp.
Full textAbstract:
碩士大同大學
生物工程學系(所)
107
Chlorella contains high amounts of amino acids, unsaturated fatty acids, dietary fibers, minerals and vitamins. It is also rich in Chlorella Growth Factor (C.G.F). Chlorella can assist to lift levels of anti-atheroscloresis, anti-diabetics and antioxidation. And it helps to remove intestinal heavy metals from human body. Ingestion of C.G..F can help to strengthen immune system, promoting cell growth. It is also with high efficacy in boosting cell growth. The aim of this study is to obtain the most effective amount of C.G.F to be added into cultivation of Lactic acid bacteria. Tested bacteria strains were Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei and Bacillus coagulans. Dosage of C.G.F to be added into the cultures were: 0, 2, 4 and 6 % (v/v). Th results of this work showed : (1) The propagation of bacteria was raised significantly with increased amount of C.G.F. (2) When the concentration of C.G.F higher than 2%, the growth rate of bacteria increased slowly. It revealed that 2% of C.G.F was driving more rapid propagation of the bacteria than 4% and 6%. Therefore, maximum revenue and economic benefit was obtained if only 2% C.G.F was added. (3) The growth rates of strains against 2% C.G.F are shown as below: Lactobacillus acidophilus 126.38%, Lactobacillus casei 113.50% and Bacillus coagulans 328.0%.
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Chuang, Chia-ju, and 莊家如. "Comparative effect of viable and heat-killed lactic acid bacteria on immunomodulation." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/22347627505487643281.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中興大學
食品暨應用生物科技學系所
97
Probiotic lactic acid bacteria have health-promoting effects not only on balance of intestinal microbiota but also on the immunostimulation. According to our previous study, lactic acid bacteria are reported to be effective on immunomodulation after being heat killed. Heat-killed lactic acid bacteria have the advantages of allowing a longer product shelf-life, easier storage, and transportation. In this study, the effect of 11 strains of heat-killed and viable lactic acid bacteria on the in vitro production of interleukin (IL)-12p70 and interferon (IFN) –γ by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMCs) were compared. Furthermore, we also investigated the adhesion ability of 11 strains lactic acid bacteria onto the Caco-2 cells. Based on the results of IL-12p70, IFN-γ production and adhesion ability, we selected three species lactic acid bacteria to measure IL-13 from hPBMCs. The results showed that L. salivarius AP-32, E. faecalis YM-73 heat-killed lactic acid bacteria secreted higher-levels of IL-12p70 and IFN-γ than viable bacteria did in hPBMCs. Our results indicated that the heat-killed lactic acid bacteria also improved Th1/Th2 balance by enhancing IL-12p70, IFN-γ and inhibiting IL-13 production from hPBMCs. Thus, the heat-killed treatment can be used for the industrial preparation of probiotics with the activity of immunomodulation.
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Hsieh, Tailun, and 謝岱倫. "Effect of Lactic Acid Bacteria on Anti-aging in Senescence Accelerated Mice." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/22463580992904340354.
Full textAbstract:
碩士靜宜大學
食品營養學系
101
Lactic acid bacteria, recently mainstream of commodity in intestinal health, is microorganisms that made carbohydrates fermentation produce large amounts of lactic acid, playing a big role in the intestinal healthhealth intestinal microbiota. Current studies suggest that Lactic acid bacteria have a variety of biological functions such as antioxidation, antitumor and immunomodulatory. In this study, we have investigated the effects of Lactic acid bacteria on antioxidative status and anti-aging in senescence accelerated prone mice (SAMP8). 3-month old male and female SAMP8 mice were divided into control and three experimental groups. Experimental groups were supplemented with 10.25ml (o.5 dose group), 20.5ml (1dose group) and 41ml /kgBW/day (high dose group) for 12 weeks. Food intake and the changes of body weights were recorded every week. Open field test, grading score, single-trail passive avoidance test and active shuttle avoidance test were estimated in 11th and 12th week. The effect was evaluated by estimating the activities of lipid peroxidation-malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the liver. In addition, the brain hippocampal and cortex inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) level were assessed to study the effect of Lactic acid bacteria on brain oxidative damage. And the β-amyloid protein of brain was also observed. The experimental results showed that in each group, the food intake, the changes of body weights and open field test didn’t have significant variation. The total aging score in grading of the medium and high dose group of male and female SAMP8 mice were significantly lower than the control group (p<0.05). Learning and memory ability of experimental groups were better than the control group (p<0.05). The activities of the antioxidant enzymes such as SOD were lower, but MDA was higher in liver of the control group. The treatment of Lactic acid bacteria for 12 weeks increased the activities of antioxidant enzyme, decreased the levels of lipid peroxidation products in the liver. Administration of Lactic acid bacteria could also decrease the level of iNOS and β-amyloid protein deposition in the brain. In summary, the supplement of Lactic acid bacteria could reduce the MDA level, and increase SOD activity in the liver of SAMP8 mice. Through these results, the reduction of iNOS and β-amyloid protein deposition in thw brain, may improve the learning and memory ability. Therefore Lactic acid bacteria may have the effect on anti-aging.
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Su, Chih-Wan, and 蘇志宛. "The Effect of Silage Quality of Nilegrass Inoculated with Lactic Acid Bacteria." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/96085561032637249328.
Full textAbstract:
碩士東海大學
畜產與生物科技學系
94
This study was conducted to determine the fermentation characterics of nilegrass silage inoculated with lactic acid bacteria. The inoculants contained L. plantarum CCRC 12944 (LP) , L. rhamnosus THSH-1 (LR) , and a mixture of L. plantarum and L. rhamnosus (LPR) (106 CFU/g FW) which were added to nilegrass, respectively, while the treatment without adding any inoculant was used as control (C) . After ensiling for 2 and 4 days, the pH values of LPR decreased faster than the other treatments ( P < 0.05 ), and these were 3.21 and 3.46. As to the quality of all silages after 60 days ensiling, LP had the lowest pH value ( P < 0.05 ) ; LP had the highest dry matter content ( 29.5% ), followed by LPR ( 25.2% ) ( P<0.05 )；ammonium nitrogen contents of C was 73.6 g/kg DM, which was the highest one, followed by that of LR ( 74 g/kg DM ) ( P<0.05 ) ; no significant effects were observed among the treatments for water soluble carbohydrates, neutral detergent fiber, or acid detergent fiber; after 60 days, the yeast numbers of C and LPR were below 2 log CFU/g, and the yeast numbers of LP and LPR were 3.54 log CFU/g and 3.56 log CFU/g respectively, the mold numbers of four treatments were below 2 log CFU/g；for the fatty acids, the acetic acid content of LR was 16.23 g/kg DM ( P < 0.05 ), and the butyric acid content of LP was 0.95 g/kg DM ( P < 0.05 ) . These were both the lowest treatments; the lactic acid content of LP was 28.73 g/kg DM ( P < 0.05 ), it was the highest one. Flieg’s score of LP was 70, and higher than those of the other treatments. It was concluded that using LP could make the best quality of silage.
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Sousa, Nuno André Carvalho. "Patterned surfaces of poly (lactic acid) and starch – poly (lactic acid) blend prepared by reverse breath figures, the effect of : solvent, substrate and vapour." Master's thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/20054.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Engenharia Biomédica (área de especialização em Biomateriais, Reabilitação e
Biomecânica)Thin polymeric films and patterns hold great promise for several applications. Many micro or nanofabrication techniques allow designing regular and ordered materials. With these techniques, good architecture reproducibility as well as porosity control of the structure can be obtained, using a vast range of polymers, including biodegradable (natural or synthetic) polymers. This work dealt with the fabrication of patterned surfaces with regular geometry by using templating techniques, breath figures (BF) and reverse breath figures (RBF) in an in-house built microfabrication system. For this purpose we have prepared biodegradable polymeric patterns of poly (lactic acid) (PLA) and a starch – poly (lactic acid) blend (SPLA) with different morphologies in this in-house built system. The PLA and SPLA dissolved in chloroform and toluene (TL) (1%wt) were exposed to a vapour atmosphere with mixtures of water (H2O) and methanol (MeOH). Three types of patterned surfaces were obtained, particles, porous films or an intermediate pattern, where both particles and film coexist. The structures developed, by this novel approach to create biodegradable materials using a natural based polymer, could have potential applications in tissue engineering or cell growth, by themselves or as a coating for other materials. These applications consist in the use a combination of living cells and a support structure in which cell attach, grow and proliferate. Due to this kind of potential applications of the materials created, they should meet specific characteristics; in particular the used material should be non-toxic and possess high cell/tissue biocompatibility so that they will not give rise to any unfavorable behavior. Moreover, it should have a determinate surface to permit cell adhesion. Scan electron microscopy (SEM) imaging was used to observe the morphology of the structures created Thermal analysis differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) were carried out to characterize the PLA. Also the cell adhesion and growth on the surfaces created was tested. This was performed with the aid of MTS assay, fluorescence microscope and SEM. After MTS evaluation proved the non-cytotoxicity of the materials, preliminary biological tests were done by seeding on the surfaces osteoblasts cell lines. SEM imaging and fluorescence microscopy evidenced morphology and cell adhesion and growth behavior over the patterns.
Filmes poliméricos finos e superfícies com padrões são uma grande promessa para diversas aplicações. Muitas técnicas de micro ou nano-fabricação permitem projetar materiais regulares e ordenados. Estas técnicas permitem boa reprodutibilidade, arquitetura, bem como o controle da porosidade da estrutura, usando uma vasta gama de polímeros, incluindo polímeros biodegradáveis (naturais ou sintéticos). Este trabalho lidou com o fabrico de superfícies com padrões de geometria regular, utilizando técnicas de templating, breath figures (BF) e reverse breath figures (RBF) utilizando um sistema de microfabricação. Para este efeito, preparamos superfícies biodegradáveis com diferentes morfologias, de poli (ácido láctico) (PLA) e uma mistura de amido - poli (ácido láctico) SPLA neste sistema. PLA e (SPLA) dissolvido em clorofórmio e tolueno (TL) (1 % em peso) foram expostos a uma atmosfera de vapor com misturas de água (H2O) e metanol (MeOH). Três tipos de superfícies com padrões foram obtidos, partículas, filmes porosos ou um padrão intermédio, onde partículas e filme poroso coexistem. As estruturas desenvolvidas, por esta nova abordagem para criar materiais biodegradáveis, utilizando um polímero natural, podem ter potenciais aplicações em engenharia de tecidos ou para crescimento de células, por si próprias ou como revestimentos de outros materiais. Estas aplicações, usam uma combinação de células vivas e uma estrutura de apoio na qual a célula se pode aderir, crescer e proliferar. Devido a estas possíveis aplicações dos materiais obtidos, estes devem atender a características específicas, em particular o material deve ser não-tóxico, e possuir boa biocompatibilidade, para que não dê origem a qualquer comportamento prejudicial. Além disso, ele deve ter uma determinada superfície para permitir a adesão celular. Microscopia eletrônica de varrimento (SEM), foi utilizada para analisar a morfologia das estruturas criadas, análises térmicas: varredura diferencial de calorimetria (DSC) e cromatografia de permeação de gel (GPC), foram realizadas para caracterizar o PLA. Também a adesão celular e crescimento nas superfícies criadas foi testado. Esta foi realizada com o auxílio de ensaio MTS, microscopia de fluorescência e SEM. Depois da avaliação por MTS comprovar a não citotoxicidade dos materiais, testes preliminares biológicos foram feitos através do seeding de uma linha celular de osteoblastos sobre as superfícies criadas. SEM evidenciou padrões de morfologia e adesão celular e comportamento de crescimento.
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Cheng, Pei-Wen, and 程姵雯. "Effect of Proteolysis and Lactic Acid Bacteria Fermentation on the Biofunctionality of Soybean." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/44822564223339911723.
Full textAbstract:
碩士靜宜大學
食品營養學系
102
Recently many studies indicated that many peptides and antioxidants with inhibiting angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity were from a variety of plant and animal proteins after appropriate processing. This study aimed to investigate the effect of proteolysis and lactic acid bacteria fermentation on the biofunctionality of soybean. The proteases from Bacillus subtilis YJ9 (16000 U / mL) were employed to hydrolyze soy protein. The resulted samples were further fermented with lactic acid bacterium (LAB, Lactobacillus acidophilus BCRC17009) for 24 h. Changes in soluble proteins, peptides, free amino acids, isoflavones, and other physiological functionality were determined. It was found that 10 h hydrolysis combined with 24 h LAB fermentation of soybean hydrolysate had significant higher contents (P<0.05) of soluble proteins, peptides, free amino acids, antioxidant capacity (EC50 = 2.30 mg / mL), and higher human gastrointestinal tract tolerance, and lower concentration to inhibit 50 % activity of ACE (IC50 = 0.58 mg / mL), compared with those without hydrolysis / LAB fermentation sample. The data obtained suggested that increase of proteolysis time could substantially increase its soluble proteins, peptides, free amino acids and other physiological functionality. However, no significant differences in those parameters was observed between proteolyzed sample and those with proteolysis combined with LAB fermentation.
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Liu, I. Chih, and 劉益智. "The effect of preparation process on the characteristics of Poly(lactic acid) microspheres." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/50831681124970584662.
Full textAbstract:
碩士中原大學
醫學工程學系
87
We investigated the effects of solvent evaporation rates on the encapsulation properties of PLLA and PDLLA microspheres,the followed encapsulation properties were studied:a)morphology of PLLA and PDLLA microspheres,b)encapsulation efficiencyand drug release of microspheres,c)effects of different solvent evaporation rates on the a) and b) iterms,and the crystal stracturechanges after hydration .When drug loading with lidocaine,porosity or pin hole surface of lidocaine/PLLAmicrospheres wereobserved but not in lidocaine/PDLLA microspheres.lidocaine/PLLA micrpspheres had higher drug encapsulation efficincyandhigher drug release rate than lidocaine/PDLLA microspheres.Atmosthere solvent evaporation (ASE) process during preparationthe microspheres showed higher particle sizes ,drug encapsulation efficiency and drug releae rates than they were prepared with reduced solvent evporation process (RSE). Further assaying PLLA microspheres prepared with ASE and RSE by DSC analysis ,hydration of PLLA microspheres of ASE would increase their crystal structure ,whereas it was not the case for the microspheresof RSE.
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Ciou, Wun-Yi, and 邱文儀. "Effect of Addition of Lactic Acid Bacteria on Sourdough and Quality of Sourbread." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/p94p49.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣海洋大學
食品科學系
102
In order to improve the traditional natural sourdough defect, such as long fermentation time, complicated steps, strain instability, and the limitation on suspension of lactic acid bacteria (LAB suspension). The study investigated addition of lactic acid bacteria powder (LAB powder) in order to shorten the fermentation time of sourdough and facilitate apply on lactic acid bacteria, and the effects on addition of lactic acid bacteria to sourdough and the quality of bread. Bread flour and water mix ratio at 1:0.6 (dough yield of 160), and inoculated 0.2% LAB suspension and LAB powder which containing Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lab. Bulgaricus, Lab. Casei, Bifidobacterium longum and Streptococcus thermophilus. The dough made from different addition ways which fermented at 37oC for 0, 6, 12, 18, and 24 hours were LAB suspension sourdough (SS) and LAB powder sourdough (PS). The results showed that sourdough fermented from LAB powder (PS) after 12 hr of fermentation at 37oC, lactobacilli grew to the highest cell numbers of 8.90 log CFU/g dough, which also reducing pH to 3.81, total titratable acid was 0.65%.The soluble protein, peptide, and free amino acid were increased 678, 275, and 411%, respectively. The bread which adding PS sourdough after 18-24 hr fermentation was increased the specific volume of bread to 4.42 cm3/g. The bread stored at room temperature (25oC) and refrigeration (4oC), which extended 2 and 12 days from control group. LAB powder sourdough after 12hr fermentation at 37oC effectively slow down the dramatically decreased of viable cell counts of LAB, which was 7.97 log CFU/g dough. The pH of bread adding frozen sourdough was increased and the shelf life of bread was shorten, which compared with adding fresh sourdough.
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LIN, WEN-YANG, and 林彣陽. "Antioxidant and anti-prostate cancer effect of lactic acid bacteria fermented Caulerpa lentillifera." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/h64e7n.
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Kai, Huang Wei, and 黃威凱. "The Hypoglycemia Effect of Lactic Acid Bacteria in Obesity and Insulin Resistance Rats." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/44465993270819214520.
Full textAbstract:
碩士實踐大學
食品營養與保健生技學系碩士班
102
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes is increasing after the 20th century. Insulin resistance is powerful indicatior for type 2 diabetes development, and also a therapeutic target nowadays. Several studies indicated that the supplementation of lactic acid bacteria effectively improved hyperglycemia, high oxidant stress, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, the mechanism of anti-insulin-resistance effect of lactic acid bacteria is poorly understood. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of Lactobacillus reuteri ADR-1 and the possible mechanisms in the improvenment of insulin resistance. The male Spraue-dawley rats were given low dose streptozotocin (15 mg/kg) and nicotinamide (45 mg/kg) by intraperitoneal injection, and fed with high-fat-diet 8 weeks to induce insulin resistnace. Thirty male Sprague-dawley rats with insulin resistance were equally divided into three groups and given either water (IR group),1.6 x 107 CFU/ml of Lactobacillus reuteri ADR-1 (0.1x ADR-1 group),1.6 x 108 CFU/ml of Lactobacillus reuteri ADR-1 (1x ADR-1 group), or 8 x 108 CFU/ml of Lactobacillus reuteri ADR-1 (5x ADR-1 group).The results showed that β-cell mass and the mRNA levels of ppar-α, ppar-γ, and Cyp7a1 were higher in the ADR-1 treated groups than in IR group. In contract, the ADR-1 treated groups had lower levels of FBG, OGTT, HOMA-IR, TC, TG, LDL, TBARS, pro-inflammation cytokines (TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6), and liver weight, and fatty aid synthesis genes (SREBP-1, CHREBP,FAS) in ADR-1 treated groups. Moreover, the rats of 5x ADR-1 grouphad lower HbA1c and kidney weight than those of IR group had. The results provided evidences clarifying the effectivence of Lactobacillus reuteri ADR-1 can improve insulin resistance by mitigation of β-cell damage, enhancement of anti-oxidation acitivity modulation of inflammation and regulation of metabolic genes expression.
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Lin, Ruei-Da, and 林睿達. "Effect of Various Nitrogen Sources on L-(+)-Lactic Acid Production by Rhizopus oryzae." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/65967458709985001840.
Full textAbstract:
碩士大同大學
生物工程學系(所)
103
Among various nitrogen sources used in submerged cultures of Rhizopus oryzae for lactic production in this work, urea proved the best in terms of not only biomass formation but also lactic acid production. At urea concentrations lower than 0.6 g/L, large mycelial clumps formed. And at urea concentration higher than 0.8 g/L, small pellets were obtained. However, when 0.05 g/L urea were added daily, cultures exhibited floc-morphology and the highest lactic acid concentration of 84 g/L with the yield of 0.7 was obtained. Lactic acid production was affected by (1) the concentration and addition mode of urea, and (2) mycelia morphology.