Journal articles: 'Lactation support'

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Barbas, Kimberly H., and Lauren Mudgett. "Lactation Support and Breast Milk Management." Clinical Lactation 7, no. 3 (2016): 108–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/2158-0782.7.3.108.

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The past 20 years have seen dramatic growth of hospital lactation programs. There are few regulatory guidelines leaving advocates for lactation services to justify need, safety, and best practice to implement changes. The professional networking group, Children’s Hospital Lactation Network, was surveyed about breast milk facilities and practices. Analysis of survey responses will provide lactation programs with information needed to identify improvements and recognize priorities for lactation practice and safe, effective breast milk management. Lactation programs need specific regulations to guide practice to enable them to receive funding for equipment and staffing and support to make decisions on policies and best practices. Specific recommendations, consistent between regulatory agencies and across the United States, would be beneficial to optimizing lactation support for hospitalized infants and their families.

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Jackson, Shera. "Providing Support for Lactation Professionals." Clinical Lactation 12, no. 2 (May 1, 2021): 53–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/clinlact-d-21-00009.

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Chetwynd, Ellen M., and Victoria Facelli. "Lactation Support for LGBTQIA+ Families." Journal of Human Lactation 35, no. 2 (April 11, 2019): 244–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0890334419831269.

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Background: Despite a documented underutilization of healthcare by the LGBTQIA+ community due to fear of mistreatment, reproduction incurs a likely dependence on the medical system. Within breastfeeding medicine, the language used for breastfeeding or chestfeeding has broadened and there is an emphasis on inclusion of all types of gender identities; however, that care can be heavily biased toward the inclusion of all breasts/chests in infant feeding. Research aim: The purpose of this case study was to examine the impact of queer identity on the gestational and postpartum experience of a bisexual woman married to, and parenting with, a transgender man. It draws into perspective the need to practice in accordance with patients’ self-described gender and parenting roles. Results: The parenting roles of this couple were the same as any married, straight, cisgender couple, yet the family identified as queer. The mother in this case experienced low milk production, but the father had had chest reconstructive surgery and started hormones so that they could enter parenthood as the family they had envisioned for themselves. At no point was there any consideration that the father induce milk production for his baby or that chest reconstructive surgery had been mistimed. Their pregnancy support team was supportive of their gender identities and parenting roles, yet they still found themselves orienting and educating the healthcare team throughout their pregnancy and postpartum experience. Conclusions: Caring for the LGBTQIA+ community requires us to recognize our assumptions and act in affirming ways for all parents, regardless of their family constellation.

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Lennon, Tyler, Dalvery Bakewell, and Earnestine Willis. "Workplace Lactation Support in Milwaukee County 5 Years After the Affordable Care Act." Journal of Human Lactation 33, no. 1 (December 15, 2016): 214–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0890334416679617.

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Background: Workplace lactation support has become increasingly important because returning to work is associated with discontinuing breastfeeding and women in the workforce are increasing. Research aim: This study examined workplace lactation support among Milwaukee County businesses 5 years after implementation of the Affordable Care Act’s Break Time for Nursing Mothers provision. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of Milwaukee County businesses was conducted in the summer of 2015 that inquired about workplace policies, lactation spaces, and other lactation resources offered. Business supports were stratified based on employer sizes: large (> 500 employees), medium (50-499 employees), and small (20-49 employees). A lactation amenity score was calculated for each business based on lactation resources available. Results: Three hundred surveys were distributed and 71 businesses voluntarily completed the survey. Small employers were excluded from statistical analysis due to fewer responses ( n = 8). Overall, 87.3% ( n = 55) of respondents reported providing access to a multiuser space for lactation and 65.1% ( n = 41) reported providing a designated lactation space. Large employers ( n = 30) were more likely than medium employers ( n = 33) to provide a designated lactation space for breastfeeding or expressing (86.7% vs. 45.5%, p < .001). Large employers’ mean amenity score was significantly higher than that of medium employers (3.37 vs. 2.57, p = .014), and they were also more likely to offer additional supports including access to a lactation consultant, classes, and materials (46.7% vs. 12.1%, p < .01). Conclusion: Large employers provide more lactation support than medium employers in Milwaukee County. All employers, regardless of size, need to increase additional lactation support for women in the workplace.

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Genna, Catherine Watson. "Alcohol Use During Lactation and Offspring Outcomes." Clinical Lactation 10, no. 2 (May 1, 2019): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/2158-0782.10.2.81.

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News reports of decreased nonverbal reasoning in 6-year-old children exposed to alcohol in breast milk have ignited both concern about drinking during lactation and accusations of mother-shaming. Lactation consultants are often asked about the safety of drinking alcoholic beverages during lactation. Placing this study in the context of other research about alcohol use by lactating parents and the outcomes for their children can help provide evidence to support continued breastfeeding and child safety.

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Apple, Rachel, Paula Marincola Smith, Patricia Craft, Christianne Roumie, and Kyla Terhune. "Assessing Utilization, Benefits, and Shortfalls of Lactation Resources for Physician Trainees and Other Healthcare Providers." Clinical Lactation 12, no. 2 (May 1, 2021): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/clinlact-d-20-00031.

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ObjectiveThere is a need to support healthcare providers, including physician-mothers at all training levels, related to breastfeeding and expressing breast milk. This study was designed to understand the attitudes and preferences of lactating employees regarding current lactation resources at an academic medical center.MethodsCross-sectional survey. Respondents reported their satisfaction with current lactation resources on scale of 0 [complete dissatisfaction] to 100 [complete satisfaction]. Respondents were asked to identify greatest priorities for improvements to existing lactation spaces.Results304 (34.2%) respondents, of whom 69.3% anticipated using a lactation room in the next 5 years. Satisfaction with the current status of lactation rooms was low (mean score 37.8; SD 25.3). Accessible and proximal lactation spaces were highest priorities. More than 50% of respondents indicated daily use of a “nontraditional” lactation space.ConclusionThis study demonstrates the current state of healthcare providers' lactation-related experiences and highlights priorities for improvement, particularly provision of adequate lactation spaces.

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Clark, A., and Y. Lucero-Nguyen. "Evaluating a University Lactation Support Program." Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics 120, no. 9 (September 2020): A67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2020.06.034.

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Farrow, Alice. "Lactation Support and the LGBTQI Community." Journal of Human Lactation 31, no. 1 (October 24, 2014): 26–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0890334414554928.

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Taylor, Yhenneko J., Victoria C. Scott, and C. Danielle Connor. "Perceptions, Experiences, and Outcomes of Lactation Support in the Workplace: A Systematic Literature Review." Journal of Human Lactation 36, no. 4 (June 12, 2020): 657–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0890334420930696.

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Background Despite legislation requiring break time and a private space to express milk, variations exist in accommodations for breastfeeding employees in the United States. Research Aims We aimed to describe employee and employer perceptions of and experiences with workplace lactation support in the United States and to identify research needed to inform workplace lactation support programs. Methods We searched Academic Search Complete, Business Search Complete, CINAHL, MEDLINE, PubMed, and PsycInfo for peer-reviewed articles published from 2009 to 2019 ( n = 1638). We included 27 articles. Studies were categorized into four non-exclusive themes: (a) employee perceptions of and experiences with workplace lactation support; (b) employer reports of workplace lactation support; (c) association between workplace lactation support and business outcomes; and (d) association between workplace lactation support and breastfeeding outcomes. Results Analyses of associations between lactation support at work and employee breastfeeding outcomes ( n = 14, 52%), and employee perceptions of and experiences with lactation support at work ( n = 14, 52%) were most common, followed by employer reports of lactation support ( n = 3, 11%) and associations between lactation support at work and job satisfaction ( n = 3, 11%). Results indicated that workplace lactation support varied by employer, and that employee perceptions of and experiences with workplace lactation support varied by demographic and employment characteristics. The use of cross-sectional designs, unvalidated instruments, and limited representation from women with low incomes and minorities were common study limitations. Conclusions More research is needed to learn about experiences of employers and low-income and minority women with workplace lactation support and associations with business-relevant outcomes.

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Vernon, R. G., and E. Finley. "Regulation of lipolysis during pregnancy and lactation in sheep. Response to noradrenaline and adenosine." Biochemical Journal 230, no. 3 (September 15, 1985): 651–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2300651.

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The effects of pregnancy and lactation on lipolysis in sheep adipose tissue in vitro were investigated. Neither pregnancy nor lactation altered the basal rate of lipolysis. The rate of noradrenaline-stimulated lipolysis was directly proportional to adipocyte mean cell volume. Lactation, but not pregnancy, increased the response to noradrenaline, but had no effect on the ED50 of noradrenaline. The adenosine analogue N6-phenylisopropyladenosine decreased the rate of lipolysis in the presence of noradrenaline; the effect was greater with adipose tissue from lactating than from control, unmated, sheep. Results are discussed in relation to the need of sheep to mobilize lipid during early lactation to support milk production.

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Sorensen, Annette, D. Donald Muir, and Christopher H. Knight. "Extended lactation in dairy cows: effects of milking frequency, calving season and nutrition on lactation persistency and milk quality." Journal of Dairy Research 75, no. 1 (January 29, 2008): 90–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029907002944.

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Twelve spring-calving and twelve winter-calving cows were managed for extended lactation cycles of 18-months duration, with the former group then completing a second extended lactation. Half of the cows were fed according to standard management practice for the herd; the other half received supplementary concentrate from week 9 of lactation onwards. Commencing at the same time, half of the udder of each cow was subjected to increased milking frequency (thrice daily rather than twice daily). Lactation persistency (and hence total milk yield) was significantly increased by frequent milking. Winter calving cows and supplemented cows also exhibited better persistency, but this was only evident up until the point of re-breeding, at around lactation week 33. Milk composition was measured in the spring-calving cows in both their first and second extended lactations. Composition altered during the course of the lactation, protein and fat percentages increasing and lactose percentage decreasing, irrespective of treatment. The quality of the milk for processing into cheese, fermented products, heat-treated products and cream liqueurs was assessed by calculation of casein number (casein protein as a proportion of total protein). Processing quality declined across the course of lactation in those groups that showed poor persistency but not in those that maintained a persistent lactation. Milk hygienic quality (somatic cell counts) showed parallel changes. Body condition score increased during the course of lactation but was not affected by supplementation; none of the cows became excessively fat. All cows remained healthy throughout the extended lactations and the majority (33/36) re-bred successfully. By demonstrating that lactation persistency is plastic and can be improved by simple management interventions, the results lend support to the economic arguments in favour of extended lactation cycles. The likely welfare benefits of extended lactation are also discussed.

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Heinig, M. Jane. "When the Supporter Needs Support: Battling Burnout Among Lactation Professionals." Journal of Human Lactation 18, no. 4 (November 2002): 321–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089033402237903.

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Hamzah, Emelia Suroto, and Eddy Padlyana. "Breast Abscess and the Mother's Support Group." Paediatrica Indonesiana 35, no. 5-6 (October 23, 2018): 156–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/pi35.5-6.1995.156-60.

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This case report deals with an18-years-ols primiparous lactating mother who had an abscess on the right breast and a cracked nipple on the left. She was referred to the Hasan Sadikin’s breastfeeding mother’s support group. Beside treating her with antibiotics and analgesics, surgical intervention was done which showed a good result. A proper lactation management succeeded in increasing the milk supply as was reflected in the growth of the infant. At home visite a well-grown and exclusively breastfed infant was found. So this mother-infant pair had got the benefit of the referral system established by Hasan Sadikin Hospital.

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Anstey, Erica H., Martha Coulter, Cecilia M. Jevitt, Kay M. Perrin, Sharon Dabrow, Lynne B. Klasko-Foster, and Ellen M. Daley. "Lactation Consultants’ Perceived Barriers to Providing Professional Breastfeeding Support." Journal of Human Lactation 34, no. 1 (August 18, 2017): 51–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0890334417726305.

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Background: Addressing suboptimal breastfeeding initiation and duration rates is a priority in the United States. To address challenges to improving these rates, the voices of the providers who work with breastfeeding mothers should be heard. Research aim: The purpose of this study was to explore lactation consultants’ perceived barriers to managing early breastfeeding problems. Methods: This qualitative study was conducted with a grounded theory methodological approach. In-depth interviews were conducted with 30 International Board Certified Lactation Consultants across Florida. Lactation consultants were from a range of practice settings, including hospitals, Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children clinics, private practice, and pediatric offices. Data were digitally recorded, transcribed, and analyzed in Atlas.ti. Results: A range of barriers was identified and grouped into the following categories/themes: indirect barriers (social norms, knowledge, attitudes); direct occupational barriers (institutional constraints, lack of coordination, poor service delivery); and direct individual barriers (social support, mother’s self-efficacy). A model was developed illustrating the factors that influence the role enactment of lactation consultants in managing breastfeeding problems. Conclusion: Inadequate support for addressing early breastfeeding challenges is compounded by a lack of collaboration among various healthcare providers and the family. Findings provide insight into the professional management issues of early breastfeeding problems faced by lactation consultants. Team-based, interprofessional approaches to breastfeeding support for mothers and their families are needed; improving interdisciplinary collaboration could lead to better integration of lactation consultants who are educated and experienced in providing lactation support and management of breastfeeding problems.

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Walker, Marsha. "Novel Innovations and Recent Findings in Lactation Support." Clinical Lactation 10, no. 4 (November 1, 2019): 175–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/2158-0782.10.4.175.

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RationaleStaying current with the burgeoning amount of breastfeeding research can be a daunting task. It is incumbent upon the IBCLC and other lactation care providers to be cognizant of new research and innovations in lactation support.MethodRecent products and findings regarding neonatal jaundice, hypoglycemia, mastitis, and therapeutic taping are presented.FindingsNew research findings, techniques, and products have been gathered to augment the provider's knowledge and skill set regarding a broad range of items relevant to clinical lactation practice. Most are affordable options for practitioners and parents, and represent safe and effective options for screening and treatment.

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Lestari, Prasetya, Fatimah Fatimah, Lia Ayuningrum, Herni Dwi Herawati, and Nisrina Afifaturrohmah. "Influence Oxytocin Massage on Reduce Lactation Problems and Support Infants Growth." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 10, T8 (January 3, 2022): 81–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.9487.

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Background: Lactation problems often occur in the early postnatal period. One of them is the readiness of the mother in early breastfeeding. Early breastfeeding is one of the effective efforts in providing nutrition for newborns and preventing lactation problems. In 2019, in Indonesia, the percentage of newborns who received early breastfeeding was 75.58%. The success rate of this is closely related to lactation readiness in early postpartum. To support the success of lactation, postpartum mothers need to be given education on methods to stimulate milk production at the beginning of the puerperium with oxytocin massage. Good breast milk production will support the nutritional adequacy of the baby and reduce lactation problems in the early postpartum period. Objectives: the purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of oxytocin massage on lactation problems and infant growth. Methods: This study was pre-experimental research using posttest only design and true-experiment using posttest only control group design. The research locations were in the Mother and Child Health Clinic and Midwives Independent Practice (PMB) in Bantul, Sleman, and Gunung Kidul Yogyakarta. Implementation from April until September 2020. The population of this study was all the families of postpartum mothers from the first to the third day and after 1 week an evaluation of breastfeeding. The sampling technique uses total sampling was 80 postpartum mothers on the first-third day of childbirth until the baby was 2 months old. The research instruments were the oxytocin massage checklist, lactation problems, and body length observation sheet. Test analysis using Wilcoxon. Results: The results of this study were that the majority of respondents performed oxytocin massage with a frequency more than 3 times (51%) the first week of postnatal, respondents experienced lactation problems in the first week of postnatal by 16.3% and at the 4th postnatal visit all respondents had no lactation problems. The average increase in the length of the baby's body at the age of 2 months is 8.44. The majority of the baby's body length at the age of 2 months corresponds to age (98.8%). The results of bivariate analysis of oxytocin massage were effective in reducing lactation problems (p=0.000) and supporting infants' growth (p=0.000). Conclusion: Oxytocin massage is effective in reducing lactation problems and supporting infants' growth. Oxytocin massage should be implemented in postnatal care to prevent lactation problems and support breastfeeding.

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Reat, Amanda, Krystin J. Matthews, Alma E. Carver, Cristell A. Perez, Julie Stagg, and Courtney E. Byrd-Williams. "Support for Breastfeeding Employees: Assessing Statewide Worksite Lactation Support Recognition Initiatives in the United States." Journal of Human Lactation 36, no. 2 (August 22, 2019): 328–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0890334419865902.

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Background Although the reasons for discontinued breastfeeding are multifactorial, an unsupportive work environment is consistently reported as a barrier to continued breastfeeding. In the United States, several state breastfeeding advocates have taken a distinctive approach to promote worksite lactation support by developing statewide recognition initiatives aimed at incentivizing employers to support breastfeeding employees by offering public recognition for the worksites’ efforts. Research aim To identify and describe statewide worksite lactation support recognition initiatives in the United States. Methods Between May 2016 and June 2017, semi-structured phone interviews were conducted with breastfeeding experts in each U.S. state ( N = 60 participants) for this cross-sectional study. Experts in states with a recognition initiative were asked about the background, structure, and requirements of the initiative. Results Twenty-six states had a current initiative, and some had requirements for providing a private space ( n = 19; 73%) and time ( n = 18; 69%) for employees to express human milk, as well as a written worksite lactation support policy ( n = 10; 38%). Conclusions This was the first study in which researchers systematically identified ongoing worksite lactation support recognition initiatives in the United States. The results of this work also served to highlight both the similarities and the variety between initiatives. Future researchers should aim to determine the components of an initiative that increase employer support and, in turn, breastfeeding rates.

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Keith, Laene Ramirez. "A Journey of Hope and Human Milk Amidst COVID-19." Clinical Lactation 13, no. 3 (August 1, 2022): 156–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/cl-2021-0015.

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ObjectiveIn a global pandemic, access to lactation care may be limited necessitating collaboration across healthcare systems to maximize support for hospitalized COVID-19 positive lactating patients, while aligning resources to ensure complete nourishment for the infant throughout maternal/infant separation.Case ReportThis case report depicts the experience of a primiparous mother and her exclusively breastfed four-month-old infant with a history oral/motor weakness and feeding difficulty, diagnosed with a devastating COVID pneumonia resulting in near complete lactation cessation. Discussion includes pasteurized donor human milk and facilitation of relactation following acute illness necessitating hospitalization.ConclusionIn collaboration across healthcare networks, close and consistent communication using digital means plus informed choice offered to a gravely ill lactating mother, options for resuming exclusive breastfeeding for total infant nourishment are described to offer hope to both the lactation professionals and those lactating parents in similar scenarios who desire exclusive human milk fed nourishment for their infant amidst a global pandemic.

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Elena, Olga, and Bridget Parsh. "Providing lactation support while maintaining social distancing." Nursing 51, no. 2 (February 2021): 15–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.nurse.0000731896.23571.59.

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Heller, Linda. "What Does It Mean to Support Lactation?" ICAN: Infant, Child, & Adolescent Nutrition 3, no. 2 (March 29, 2011): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1941406411403101.

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COREIL, JEANNINE. "Pediatricians and Lactation Management." Pediatrics 76, no. 4 (October 1, 1985): 652–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.76.4.652a.

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To the Editor.— The important contribution of pediatricians in the promotion of breast-feeding has been noted.1-4 In these discussions, the pediatrician's instrumental activities have been described primarily in terms of influence on the choice of feeding method, intervention in hospital postpartum routine, communication of support for the lactating mother, and provision of advice regarding the introduction of other infant foods. Little attention has been given to the role of pediatricians in the practical and maternal aspects of lactation management.

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Holmes, Amy P., John Brock Harris, and Savannah Ware. "Evaluation of Lactation Compatibility Reference Recommendations." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 53, no. 9 (March 24, 2019): 899–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1060028019839389.

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Background: Multiple resources aid the interprofessional health care team when recommending medications for lactating patients. Varying degrees of breastfeeding compatibility and safety are recommended in different resources. New Food and Drug Administration labeling for lactation is being phased in to provide more consistent language in safety recommendations. Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate lactation recommendations for select medications from different drug information resources to determine the compatibility recommendations for lactating patients. Methods: The breastfeeding recommendations for 19 medications were analyzed in 10 drug information resources. Each drug was reviewed in each resource and the published recommendations evaluated. Results: Medications and Mothers’ Milk 18th Edition and LactMed had the most medications listed as compatible with breastfeeding, with Lexicomp Online, Drugs in Pregnancy and Lactation Online, and Epocrates following. LactMed stands out from the group with an average of 15.1 references per medication and number of references ranging from 0 to 58. Date ranges of references used by select resources varied. References to support recommendations ranged from 1979 to 2018 for the select resources. Conclusion and Relevance: Variation continues to exist across resources with regard to recommendations for medication safety in lactation. LactMed represents the most up-to-date and comprehensive review of literature in this review. When making decisions regarding medication use during lactation, health care professionals should consider reviewing data behind the recommendations and consulting multiple resources.

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Hoying, Rachel, Nevert Badreldin, Malika D. Shah, Janelle R. Bolden, Peter Cummings, and Daniel T. Robinson. "Providing Breastfeeding Support During COVID-19: A Survey of Staff Experiences." Journal of Human Lactation 38, no. 1 (September 28, 2021): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08903344211047843.

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Background: The COVID-19 pandemic presents unique challenges to maternity settings. Its influence on providing in-hospital lactation support has not been well described. Research Aim: To describe the experiences of healthcare workers as they provided in-hospital lactation support during the pandemic. Methods: A prospective, cross-sectional, online survey evaluated healthcare providers working with postpartum women and newborns affected by COVID-19 at an academic center during March–June 2020. Providers were queried regarding the influence of COVID-19 and COVID-19-specific policies on providing lactation support. Questions assessed guidance received, perceived stress, difficulty providing care, and solicited qualitative responses. The constant comparative method was used to analyze qualitative data. Results: Of 108 providers, 70 (65%) completed the survey. Of 57 providing direct lactation support to women affected by COVID-19, most ( n = 39, 67%) reported increased stress. Participants reported lower stress scores when receiving guidance through shift meetings or email compared to those not receiving this guidance [stress score with shift meeting guidance ( M [ SD]): 3.10 (0.88); score without guidance: 3.83 (0.66); n = 39, p = .009; score with email guidance: 3.79 (0.58); score without guidance: 4.50 (0.58); n = 18, p = .045). Qualitative responses ( n = 67; 96%) identified three themes: visitor restrictions allowed less distraction during lactation support; physical separation disrupted maternal/infant bonding; workflow challenges resulted from policy changes and supply access. Conclusions: Most participating staff providing lactation support to participants affected by COVID-19 reported increased stress. Ensuring written or verbal guidance may reduce staff’s experiences of stress. Efforts to optimize lactation support during COVID-19 should consider reducing distractions, physical separation, and logistic challenges.

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Lee, Robyn. "Queering Lactation: Contributions of Queer Theory to Lactation Support for LGBTQIA2S+ Individuals and Families." Journal of Human Lactation 35, no. 2 (March 6, 2019): 233–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0890334419830992.

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In this article I explore some contributions of queer theory to the provision of lactation support services. In doing so, I also undertake an intersectional analysis of queering lactation, recognizing that forms of oppression do not impact all individuals equally or in the same ways. While recognizing the history of tensions between queer and feminist politics and activism, I argue that queering lactation holds significant benefits for supporting lactation among LGBT families, as well as opening up possibilities for rethinking gender and possibilities for gender equality more generally.

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Speth, Robert C., William T. Barry, M. Susan Smith, and Kevin L. Grove. "A comparison of brain angiotensin II receptors during lactation and diestrus of the estrous cycle in the rat." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 277, no. 3 (September 1, 1999): R904—R909. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1999.277.3.r904.

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During lactation there are many dramatic alterations in the hypothalamic-pituitary (HP) axis, as well as an increased demand for food and water. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is one of the major mediators of the HP axis. This study examined the receptors for ANG II in the rat brain during lactation and diestrus. Compared with diestrus, lactating rats had significant decreases in ANG II receptor binding in several forebrain regions, most notably in the arcuate nucleus/median eminence, dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (DMH), and lateral hypothalamic area (LHA). In contrast, there was an increase in ANG II receptor binding in the preoptic area during lactation. These significant changes in ANG II binding in the brain during lactation support the hypothesis that changes in the RAS may contribute to the dramatic changes in the HP axis during lactation. In addition, the significant reduction in ANG II binding in the DMH and LHA may be indicative of a role in the regulation of food intake, a function only recently associated with the RAS.

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OSTERSEN, STEEN, JOHN FOLDAGER, and JOHN E. HERMANSEN. "Effects of stage of lactation, milk protein genotype and body condition at calving on protein composition and renneting properties of bovine milk." Journal of Dairy Research 64, no. 2 (May 1997): 207–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029996002099.

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The lactational variation in milk protein composition and renneting properties and their relationship to the cow's body condition at calving were investigated in 39 Danish Holstein first lactation cows fed on a well balanced standard diet. All milk characteristics measured were significantly affected by stage of lactation (P<0·01). Casein as a proportion of total milk nitrogen reached a maximum in mid lactation. The proportion of αs- and κ-casein in total casein decreased and the proportion of β-casein increased systematically during lactation while the proportion of γ-casein was lowest in mid lactation. The α-lactalbumin content of milk and its proportion of total whey proteins decreased during lactation. Renneting time was highest and curd firmness lowest in mid lactation. These results appeared to reflect a low degree of proteolysis in late-lactation milks compared with several other investigations, probably because of the good nutritional state of the cows. The body condition at calving affected proteolysis and the renneting properties of milk. A good body condition increased the content of whey protein in total milk nitrogen and of γ-casein in total caseins (P<0·05); in addition, curd firmness was improved (P<0·01) and aggregation time was reduced (P<0·05). We suggest that these effects were related to the fat metabolism and energy status of the cows during lactation. The interrelationships between the milk characteristics were evaluated by factor analysis to support the interpretation.

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Dickens, Joanne. "Lactation after loss: supporting women's decision-making following perinatal death." British Journal of Midwifery 28, no. 7 (July 2, 2020): 442–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjom.2020.28.7.442.

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Offering sensitive and compassionate clinical and bereavement care following perinatal death is the innate focus of the caring healthcare professional and facilitating informed choice around the subject of lactation following loss is an integral part of this. However, evidence suggests that there may be a deficiency in the provision of lactation advice and support following loss. Contributory factors may include a lack of awareness of lactation options following bereavement amongst midwives, as well as an absence of clarity around where the responsibility for offering lactation support and advice lies. This paper presents the literature surrounding the support of women's decision-making for lactation following perinatal death, explicating the physiology of lactation in the antenatal and postnatal periods, and exploring the challenges and opportunities for the midwife when supporting grieving mothers to decide the best option for them and their family.

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Nandula, Padma S., and Mark L. Hudak. "Remote Lactation Support in the COVID-19 Era." NeoReviews 22, no. 6 (June 2021): e392-e397. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/neo.22-6-e392.

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Spatz, Diane L. "Improving Lactation Education and Support in Primary Care." MCN: The American Journal of Maternal/Child Nursing 46, no. 5 (September 2021): 301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/nmc.0000000000000752.

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McNatt, Merrilyn H., and Margie S. Freston. "Social Support and Lactation Outcomes in Postpartum Women." Journal of Human Lactation 8, no. 2 (June 1992): 73–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089033449200800214.

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Froh, Elizabeth, Katherine Dahlmeier, and Diane L. Spatz. "NICU Nurses and Lactation-Based Support and Care." Advances in Neonatal Care 17, no. 3 (June 2017): 203–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/anc.0000000000000370.

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Baker, Barbara J., and Terri W. Rasmussen. "Organizing and Documenting Lactation Support of NICU Families." Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing 26, no. 5 (September 1997): 515–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1552-6909.1997.tb02154.x.

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Spatz, Diane L. "The Critical Role of Nurses in Lactation Support." Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing 39, no. 5 (September 2010): 499–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1552-6909.2010.01166.x.

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Carswell, Angela. "Birthways Lactation Services: A Model for Breastfeeding Support." Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing 41 (June 2012): S36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1552-6909.2012.01360_10.x.

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Susdorf, Signe, and Kathleen Curtis. "Implementing Lactation Services Support from Hospital to Clinic." Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing 41 (June 2012): S67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1552-6909.2012.01361_17.x.

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Traver, D. S., and S. B. Clark. "Results of a model worksite lactation support program." Journal of the American Dietetic Association 94, no. 9 (September 1994): A54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0002-8223(94)91775-2.

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Francis-Clegg, Shannon, and Deanne T. Francis. "Improving the “Bottom-Line”: Financial Justification for the Hospital-Based Lactation Consultant Role." Clinical Lactation 2, no. 1 (March 2011): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/215805311807011818.

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Intermountain Healthcare’s Lactation Standards Team conducted a year-long in-depth study to evaluate their current lactation services for staffing, patient satisfaction, patient and staff education, reimbursement patterns, cost of care and lactation-failure readmissions. The attempt was to evaluate and then standardize the lactation services within their 23-hospital system and create staffing recommendations to support optimal lactation care and support. This article represents a brief summary of recommendations based on this study. Individual portions of the project with detailed process and final results/data will be submitted for future publication.

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Hilliard, Elizabeth Dianne. "A Review of Worksite Lactation Accommodations." Workplace Health & Safety 65, no. 1 (November 19, 2016): 33–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2165079916666547.

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The purpose of this review was to examine workplace lactation accommodations, and their association with breastfeeding duration, and identify strategies occupational health professionals can use to promote lactation improvements. This study included literature published from 1985 through 2015 and listed in PubMed and CINAHL. Using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), 11 articles were identified for review. Presence of a corporate lactation program, on-site child care, and return to work/telephone lactation consultation were consistently associated with breastfeeding at 6 months. Other breastfeeding accommodations (i.e., lactation spaces, lactation breaks, worksite lactation policies, and supervisor/coworker support) were not consistently associated with breastfeeding duration. Occupational health professionals can play key roles in improving the effectiveness of lactation accommodations. Assuring adequate implementation of accommodations, increasing communication and marketing of accommodations, and promoting supervisor and coworker support are areas that occupational health professionals should explore for improving lactation duration.

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Primastika, Widia, Afwan Purwanto Muin, and Marina Nasution. "The Lack of Attention to Lactation Needs in Media Companies." Jurnal Perempuan 26, no. 1 (August 13, 2021): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.34309/jp.v26i1.542.

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<p class="p1">The fulfillment of exclusive breastfeeding is important not only for the babies and toddlers, but also for prevention of breast cancer to mothers and/ or women. Although the government has developed policies related to exclusive breastfeeding, the achievements are still inadequate. One of the problems is the lack of support from the workplace environment. This study focuses on the attention and support of media companies to the lactation needs of breastfeeding women journalists. This qualitative study uses the in-depth interview method and literature study. The results of the study show that media support for the lactation needs of female journalists is still very low. The newsroom must have a special policy that fully supports the lactation needs of journalists both at the office and outside the office. The study also found that full support from the social work environment plays a very important role in the success of a female journalist in giving exclusive breastfeeding.</p>

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Mullan, B. P., and W. H. Close. "The partition and utilisation of energy and nitrogen by sows during their first lactation." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1989 (March 1989): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600010308.

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If dietary intake is insufficient to meet the metabolic needs of the sow during lactation then maternal body reserves (body fat and body lean) are mobilised to support milk production. However the extent to which body reserves are mobilised may influence the metabolic and physiological state of the sow and hence reproductive function after weaning (Mullan and Close, 1989). There is little available information on the metabolic response of the lactating sow and the present experiment was designed to study the partition and utilisation of energy and nitrogen (N) intake in sows during their first lactation. This should aid in the understanding of how the dynamics of nutrient utilisation during lactation may influence the metabolic and reproductive state of the sow.The experiment was designed in a 2 X 2 factorial arrangement (5 animals per treatment) with 2 levels of feed (H, 5.5 kg/d and L, 3.0 kg/d) during lactation and with 2 litter sizes at each feeding level (6 or 12). Sows were accommodated throughout the 21-day lactation in farrowing crates adapted to permit the total collection of sow and piglet excreta.

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Wang, Xin, David G. Hole, Teresa H. M. Da Costa, and Rhys D. Evans. "Alterations in myocardial lipid metabolism during lactation in the rat." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 275, no. 2 (August 1, 1998): E265—E271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1998.275.2.e265.

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Metabolism of nonesterified fatty acid (palmitate, 1.1 mM) and triacylglycerol (TAG; triolein, 0.4 mM in the form of both rat chylomicrons and very low density lipoproteins) was studied in isolated perfused working hearts from fed nulliparous, lactating, and weaned rats. Hearts from virgin rats oxidized palmitate readily, but optimal cardiac mechanical performance occurred during perfusion with chylomicrons. In hearts from lactating dams, there was a significant increase in palmitate oxidation and a marked decrease in TAG oxidation from both chylomicrons and very low density lipoproteins compared with hearts from nulliparous animals. There was a concomitant decrease in lipoprotein lipase activity in hearts from lactating animals, and TAG in the absence of palmitate could not support optimal cardiac mechanical function. After litter removal, the changes in fatty acid and TAG metabolism observed in lactation returned to nulliparous values within 96 h. These results suggest that, during lactation, both exogenous and endogenous TAGs are directed away from heart and toward the lactating mammary gland; the heart, therefore, has to rely to a greater extent on nonesterified fatty acid for energy provision under these conditions.

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Audelo, Lara. "Connecting With Today’s Mothers: Breastfeeding Support Online." Clinical Lactation 5, no. 1 (February 2014): 16–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/2158-0782.5.1.16.

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Since the mid-1990s, women have been using the Internet to offer breastfeeding support to one another. As technology has rapidly changed, mothers have kept up with the pace and found ways to embrace the changes, using them to their advantage. It is essential for all who work with breastfeeding mothers in a professional capacity to understand the generational differences that exist, oftentimes between mothers and providers. For lactation professionals, it is valuable to know how mothers use the Internet, and the platforms they are using, for breastfeeding support. Whether it is through social media platforms or blogging, lactation professionals have more ways than ever before to help mothers by offering their expertise in online settings.

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Rofiqoh, Siti. "PENGARUH EDUKASI LAKTASI TERHADAP DUKUNGAN KELUARGA DALAM PEMBERIAN ASI DI KABUPATEN PEKALONGAN." Jurnal Ilmu Keperawatan dan Kebidanan 11, no. 1 (January 11, 2020): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.26751/jikk.v11i1.745.

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Abstract Family support is needed to help mothers breastfeed their babies, but family knowledge about lactation management is lacking. Sufficient knowledge is needed in the family so that they can help mothers in breastfeeding. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of lactation management education packages for family support for mothers in breastfeeding. Quasi-experimental research method with a post test control group design. The place of research was in the Buaran and Puskesmas Wonokerto 2 work areas with the 3rd trimester primigravida respondents. Mothers whose milk did not come out and the baby died was excluded. The sampling technique uses multistage sampling. Interventions in the form of lactation management education for mothers and families every month 3 times during pregnancy in the third trimester. Statistical test using independent t test. The results showed an average family support in the control group 61.43 (55-78) and in the intervention group 68.10 (46-76) with a p value of 0.001 in 95% CI. The conclusion is the effect of giving lactation management education to family support for mothers in giving breast milk. Advice for health workers is expected to further improve lactation management education activities in families of pregnant women. Keywords: education, family support, , lactation management.

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Webber, Elaine, and Jean Benedict. "Billing for Professional Lactation Services: A Collaborative Practice Approach." Clinical Lactation 6, no. 2 (May 2015): 60–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/2158-0782.6.2.60.

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Studies indicate support following discharge is a key component to improved breastfeeding outcomes. Many women do not have access to professional lactation support because of financial constraints. Until direct insurance reimbursement for lactation consultant services is consistent and universal, creative solutions are needed. A collaborative practice model between lactation consultants and medical healthcare providers is one approach. A community hospital implemented an outpatient lactation clinic coordinated by lactation consultants working in conjunction with in-hospital pediatricians and nurse practitioners. Patients are seen jointly by both the lactation consultant and medical care provider, with services billed to commercial and state insurances through the medical practice. The outcome is increased access to care, improved breastfeeding outcomes with greater patient satisfaction, and increased revenues for the facility.

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Sakkas, Panagiotis, Leigh A. Jones, Jos G. M. Houdijk, Spiridoula Athanasiadou, Dave P. Knox, and Ilias Kyriazakis. "Leucine and methionine deficiency impairs immunity to gastrointestinal parasites during lactation." British Journal of Nutrition 109, no. 2 (May 10, 2012): 273–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114512000931.

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Lactating rats reinfected with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis fed low-crude protein (CP) foods show reduced lactational performance and less resistance to parasites compared with their high-CP counterparts. Here, we hypothesised that feeding high-CP foods deficient in specific essential amino acids (AA) would result in similar penalties. Second-parity lactating rats, immunised with 1600 N. brasiliensis infective larvae before mating, were fed foods with either 250 (high protein; HP) or 150 (low protein; LP) g CP/kg, or were HP deficient in either leucine (HP-Leu) or methionine (HP-Met). On day 1 of lactation, litter size was standardised at twelve pups. On day 2, dams were either reinfected with 1600 N. brasiliensis larvae or sham-infected with PBS. Dams and litters were weighed daily until either day 8 or 11, when worm burdens, and inflammatory cells and systemic levels of N. brasiliensis-specific Ig isotypes were assessed. Data from five out of sixteen HP-Met rats were omitted due to very high levels of food refusals from parturition onwards. Relative to feeding HP foods, feeding LP, HP-Met and HP-Leu foods reduced dam weight gain and, to a lesser extent, litter weight gain, and increased the number of worm eggs in the colon, indicative of a reduction in resistance to parasites. However, only feeding LP and HP-Leu foods resulted in increased worm numbers, while none of the feeding treatments affected systemic Ig, mast and goblet cells, and eosinophil numbers. The present results support the view that resistance to parasites during lactation may be sensitive to specific essential AA scarcity.

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Wagner, Jennie, Carolyn Delaney, and Sharron Baines. "Enhancing Lactation Support in the NICU During the COVID-19 Pandemic by Implementing a Primary Care Model." Clinical Lactation 11, no. 4 (November 1, 2020): 192–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/clinlact-d-20-00016.

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ObjectiveMeet the needs for additional lactation support in the NICU during the Covid-19 pandemic due to restriction in visitors, hours, and other stressors impacting the Mother and infant dyad.MethodDuring the Covid-19 pandemic, a large southeast U.S. research hospital implemented a new model of providing Lactation Consultation in a Level IV NICU. The Primary Care nursing model utilized in the NICU focuses on the infant and mother's individual needs and assists in the development of a caring and supportive environment.ResultsThe response to the Primary Care Lactation Consultant has well received and has resulted in the early identification of any Lactation concerns. Parents are reassured, knowing whom to contact with questions. The Lactation Consultant can set mutually agreed upon goals with the mother and include input from the other family members and the healthcare team.ConclusionsIn the future, the model and outcomes of Primary Care by Lactation Consultants in the NICU will focus on additional study and evaluation. In the interim, the parents at this facility have benefited from the family-centered care that focuses on the infant and parents.

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Betts, Courtney B., Alexandra Quackenbush, Weston Anderson, Nicole E. Marshall, and Pepper J. Schedin. "Mucosal Immunity and Liver Metabolism in the Complex Condition of Lactation Insufficiency." Journal of Human Lactation 36, no. 4 (August 14, 2020): 582–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0890334420947656.

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Lactation insufficiency is variously defined and includes the inability to produce milk, not producing enough milk to exclusively meet infant growth requirements, and pathological interruption of lactation (e.g., mastitis). Of women with intent-to-breastfeed, lactation insufficiency has been estimated to affect 38%–44% of newly postpartum women, likely contributing to the nearly 60% of infants that are not breastfed according to the World Health Organization’s guidelines. To date, research and clinical practice aimed at improving feeding outcomes have focused on hospital lactation support and education, with laudable results. However, researchers’ reports of recent rodent studies concerning fundamental lactation biology have suggested that the underlying pathologies of lactation insufficiency may be more nuanced than is currently appreciated. In this article, we identify mucosal biology of the breast and lactation-specific liver biology as two under-researched aspects of lactation physiology. Specifically, we argue that further scientific inquiry into reproductive state-dependent regulation of immunity in the human breast will reveal insights into novel immune based requirements for healthy lactation. Additionally, our synthesis of the literature supports the hypothesis that the liver is an essential player in lactation—highlighting the potential that pathologies of the liver may also be associated with lactation insufficiency. More research into these biologic underpinnings of lactation is anticipated to provide new avenues to understand and treat lactation insufficiency.

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Normanton, Heidi, Jos G. M. Houdijk, Neil S. Jessop, Dave P. Knox, and Ilias Kyriazakis. "The effects of changes in nutritional demand on gastrointestinal parasitism in lactating rats." British Journal of Nutrition 97, no. 1 (January 2007): 104–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114507205781.

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Lactating rats experience a breakdown of immunity to parasites, i.e. they carry larger worm burdens after re-infection compared to their non-lactating counterparts. Feeding high-protein foods to lactating rats results in reduced worm burdens. This could be attributed to changes in gastrointestinal environment or to overcoming effects of nutrient scarcity on host immunity. The latter hypothesis was addressed through a manipulation of nutrient demand by manipulating litter size. Twenty-three rats were immunized prior to mating and re-infected on day 2 of lactation with 1600 infective Nippostrongylus brasiliensis larvae. From parturition onwards, rats received ad libitum a low-protein food (100 g crude protein/kg). Litter sizes were standardised to nine (LS9), six (LS6) or three (LS3) pups, by day 2 of lactation. After a further 10 d, LS9 and LS6 rats carried more worms than LS3 rats. However, feeding treatments did not affect concentrations of mucosal inflammatory cells. Achieved feed intake did not differ consistently between the treatment groups. However, LS9 and LS6 rats lost weight, whilst LS3 rats gained weight during lactation. The results support the view that resistance to N. brasiliensis is sensitive to changes in nutrient demand, and the improved resistance to N. brasiliensis is likely due to effects of overcoming nutrient scarcity on host immunity.

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Tasnim, Tarannum, ANM Shamsul Islam, Mehedi Hasan Azad, and Farhana Sharmin. "Services Provided for Lactating Mothers at Lactation Management Clinic in Selected Tertiary Level Hospitals." Journal of Preventive and Social Medicine 38, no. 2 (June 29, 2020): 68–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jopsom.v38i2.47867.

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Background: Children are the precious gift from the Almightily Allah and breast milk is an ideal product given to the human being by nature to fulfill all requirements of the offspring until they are matured enough to take adult food. Objective: To assess the services provided for lactating mothers at lactation management centre in selected tertiary level hospitals. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted among 100 Lactating mothers who were selected conveniently and were interviewed by pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire and an observational checklist. Collected data were processed and analyzed using SPSS (Statistical Packages for Social Science) software. Results: Lactation management centre (LMC) is supervised by a consultant and separate room is allotted in both out-patient and in-patient departments. Mothers came with lactation problems were more likely in the first month of the baby (73%) and feeling of not enough milk production was common (49%).Highly significant relationship was found between breast problems of lactating mother and age of child (p<0.001). About 84% respondents received practical demonstration on position and attachment of the baby during lactation. About 91% respondents got dietary advice for enough breast milk production, 75% got dietary advice regarding their child’s weaning food chart and69% got health education. Maximum mothers were informed about LMC by doctor & nurse (82%). Conclusion: Information about LMC services should be disseminated across the country. Lactating mothers should be familiarized with LMC and public awareness should be enhanced for effective management of breastfeeding problem to promote, protect and support the breastfeeding. JOPSOM 2019; 38(2): 68-73

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Rasmussen, Kathleen M., and Michelle K. McGuire. "Effects of Breastfeeding on Maternal Health and Well-Being." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 17, no. 4 (December 1996): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/156482659601700416.

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Lactation occurs as part of a reproductive and may have different effects on maternal nutritional status, depending on its duration and intensity. Thus, its effect on maternal health will differ with cultural setting and level of development. Lactation helps women to maintain a healthy body weight. Among well-nour-shed women, it may help to prevent obesity. Among poorly pour/shed women, breastfeeding also leads to weight loss, but with adequate birth spacing brought about by lactational anovulation, maternal depletion can be avoided. Lactation is probably not responsible for osteoporosis. Current evidence suggests that breastfeeding helps to prevent pre-menopausal breast cancer and is not associated with post-menopausal disease Furthermore, breastfeeding may also help reduce ovarian cancer. Positive effects of breastfeeding occur at all levels of development and are most likely when biological, political, and sociocultural conditions interact to support its initiation and continuation.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Lactation support'

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