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Weihrer, Sylvia J. "Changes in blood lactate concentration during active recovery at sub-lactate threshold, lactate threshold, and supra-lactate threshold exercise intensities." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/7892.
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The purpose of this investigation was to identify the intensity of recovery exercise, relevant to endurance event performance, that would result in the most rapid times for half decrease in blood lactate concentration, following 2 minutes of cycling at maximal rates. Three recovery exercise intensities were investigated: (a) 7% of the maximal rate of oxygen consumption (VO$\sb2$) (LT $-$7%), (b) lactate threshold VO$\sb2$ ( LT), and (c) 7% of VO$\sb2$max above lactate threshold VO$\sb2$ (LT +7%). Seven well-trained male cyclists (mean VO$\sb2$max 4.6 $\pm$ 0.49 L $\times$ min$\sp{-1}$ participated as subjects in the investigation. Each subject completed seven separate cycling tests: (a) one combined lactate threshold-VO$\sb2$max test, (b) three constant work rate tests, and (c) three tests of recovery following supra-lactate threshold exercise (surge-recovery tests). The absolute values of blood lactate concentration were significantly different across the three recovery intensities (p .01). At the end of the 20 minute recovery period the mean blood lactate concentrations were 1.57, 2.49, and 4.17 mmol $\times$ L$\sp{-1}$ for the LT $-$7%, LT%, and LT +7% recovery intensities, respectively. Times for half decrease in blood lactate concentration were calculated. There were no significant differences in these half decrease times between the three recovery intensities (p .01). (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Lowinsohn, Denise. "Desenvolvimento de um sensor para análise de lactato em amostras alimentares e biológicas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46133/tde-14082007-111340/.
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Neste trabalho são apresentados resultados relacionados a estudos sobre o comportamento eletroquímico do lactato e do peróxido de hidrogênio em diversos eletrodos em meio de diferentes pHs utilizando voltametria cíclica. Também foi investigado o comportamento eletroquímico do peróxido de hidrogênio em eletrodos modificados com filmes de hexacianoferratos utilizando eletrodos de platina e carbono vítreo. A vantagem do uso do CTAB na modificação da superfície de carbono vítreo com Azul da Prússia foi confirmada no que se refere à melhora da sensibilidade e da estabilidade das medidas. Numa etapa posterior desenvolveu-se um biossensor para a determinação de lactato pelo monitoramento de peróxido de hidrogênio produzido na reação catalisada de lactato com oxigênio na presença da enzima lactato oxidase. Nessa etapa, o trabalho consistiu em imobilizar a enzima lactato oxidase na superfície do eletrodo, previamente, modificado com Azul da Prússia, com o auxílio de Nafion®. Após a construção do biossensor e a otimização das condições de análise (pH, quantidade de enzima, volume da amostra e vazão) para obtenção de maior sinal analítico no desenvolvimento do método para a determinação de lactato por análise em fluxo, averiguou-se a repetibilidade das medidas (Clactato = 0,28 mmol L-1) obtendo-se um desvio padrão de 2,2% para 18 repetições. A freqüência analítica foi estimada em 160 injeções por hora com limite de detecção de 0,84 µmol L-1 e linearidade até 0,28 mmol L-1 de lactato. O biossensor foi aplicado na quantificação de lactato em amostras alimentares (cervejas alcoólicas e não alcoólicas) e biológicas (sangue liofilizado e recém coletado). Por fim, realizaram-se estudos envolvendo a variação da concentração de lactato sanguíneo em função da intensidade de atividade esportiva. Os resultados obtidos pelo método proposto foram comparados com aqueles oriundos do uso de método de referência.Results on the investigation of the electrochemical behavior of lactate and hydrogen peroxide at various electrodic surfaces at different pHs using cyclic voltammetry are presented. Experiments were also carried out with platinum and glassy carbon electrodes modified with hexacyanoferrate films. The advantage of using CTAB in the electrodeposition step of Prussian Blue films onto glassy carbon surfaces was confirmed taking into account both the stability and sensitivity of measurements. The immobilization of lactate oxidase onto glassy carbon electrodes modified with a Prussian Blue layer using Nafion® was performed to fabricate a biosensor for lactate. The biosensor was used in the development of a FIA amperometric method for the determination of lactate. Under optimal operating conditions (pH = 6.9, E = -0.1 V), the linear response of the method was extended up to 0.28 mmol L-1 lactate with a limit of detection of 0.84 µmol L-1. The repeatability of the method for injections of a 0.28 mmol L-1 lactate solution was 2.2 % (n = 18). The analytical frequency was calculated as 160 injections h-1. The usefulness of the method was demonstrated by determining lactate in beer (alcoholic and nonalcoholic beers) and blood samples (lyophilized and freshly collected). Finally, the influence of physical exercise on the blood lactate level was studied. Results obtained by using the proposed amperometric detector compared well with the reference method.
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Feringer, Júnior Walter Heinz [UNESP]. "Expressão dos transportadores de monocarboxilatos de equinos e cães." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/153171.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
O principal mecanismo de transporte dos íons lactato e H+ em equinos e cães é o complexo transportador formado pelos transportadores de monocarboxilatos, isoformas 1 (MCT1) e 4 (MCT4) juntamente com a proteína auxiliar CD147. Objetivando identificar diferenças entre equinos com desempenho distinto, 16 equinos da raça Brasileiro de Hipismo (BH) foram distribuídos em dois grupos, desempenho inferior (DI, n=8) e desempenho superior (DS, n=8) que foram submetidos a teste de salto incrementai (TSI). Realizou-se biópsia do músculo Gluteus medius para tipificação e análise das expressões das isoformas MCT1, MCT4 e CD147. Amostras sanguíneas foram colhidas para avaliar as expressões MCT1 e CD147 das hemácias. Aplicaram-se testes de normalidade de Shapiro Wilk e homogeneidade de Levene. As medidas morfométricas foram submetidas ao teste de Tukey. Teste “t” de Student não pareado para a comparação das médias dos grupos DI e DS. Aplicou-se correlação de Spearman para as expressões dos transportadores. Para todas as análises utilizou-se p≤0,05. Não houve diferença entre os grupos quanto à frequência de cada tipo de fibra e constatou-se maior quantidade das fibras tipo I em relação às fibras IIA e IIX em todos os equinos avaliados. Não houve diferença entre os pesos moleculares e a expressão das proteínas MCT1, MCT4, e CD147 musculares ou sanguíneas. Houve correlações positivas entre MCT1 vs. CD147 e MCT4 vs. CD147 musculares dos grupos DI e DS. As correlações encontradas foram esperadas uma vez que as isoformas estudadas dependem intimamente da proteína auxiliar CD147 para o transporte. Os equinos BH não apresentaram diferenças nas expressões dos MCT1,4 e CD147, musculares ou sanguíneos, mesmo com níveis de condicionamento diferentes. Com o objetivo de investigar as concentrações de lactato plasmático e das hemácias e avaliar as expressões eritrocitáras do complexo transportador MT1/CD147, 6 cães da raça American Pitbull Terrier (APBT) foram submetidos ao teste de esforço incremental (TEI) em esteira. No final de cada incremento de velocidade foi coletado sangue da veia cefálica. Foram mensuradas concentrações de lactato sanguíneo (LS), plasmático (LP), pH e hematócrito (Ht). A concentração do lactato dentro das hemácias (LH) foi estimada e estabeleceu-se a relação LH:LP. As expressões sanguíneas do complexo MCT1/CD147 foram avaliadas por Western Bloting. Aplicou-se análise de variância de uma via seguido pelo teste de Dunn’s. Para pH e Ht aplicou-se teste t de student para amostras pareadas e a correlação de Pearson foi utilizada para MCT1 e CD147, estabeleceu-se nível de significância P≤0,05. LS, LP e LH e pH não apresentaram diferenças entre si, a relação LH:LP foi próxima de 1 com tendência de aumento. MCT1 e CD147 apresentaram 48 e 59 kDa de peso molecular e 1,27 e 1,05 de unidades ópticas arbitrárias (UOA). Não foram encontradas correlações entre MCT1 e CD147. A grande velocidade de transporte do MCT1/CD147 explica a relação LP:LH próxima de 1, esta velocidade e o mecanismo de arquejo podem explicar os valores de pH constantes. A raça APBT, quando submetidos à atividade física apresentaram tendência de aumento da relação LH:LP e expressam de maneira homogênea o complexo MCT1/CD147.
The central transport mechanism of lactate and H+ ions in horses and dogs is the carrier complex formed by the monocarboxylate, isoform 1 (MCT1) and 4 (MCT4) associated with the ancillary protein CD147. This study aimed to identify possible differences between horses with different performances levels, 16 horses of the Brazilian Sport Horse breed (BH) were distributed in two groups, inferior performance (IP, n = 8) and superior performance (SP, n = 8). A Gluteus medius muscle biopsy was performed for cellular typing and analysis of MCT1, MCT4, and CD147 muscle expressions. By jugular venipuncture, blood samples were collected to evaluate MCT1 and CD147 expressions in the red blood cells (RBC). Normality Shapiro Wilk test and homogeneity of Levene were applied. The morphometric measurements were submitted to the Tukey test, and not paired Student's t-test were applied to compare the mean of the IP and SP groups for all variables and was used Spearman's correlation for isoform expressions, for all analyzes, p≤0.05. There were no differences between the groups regarding the frequency of each type of fiber and a higher number of type I fibers were observed about the IIA and IIX fibers in all groups. There was no difference between molecular weights and expressions of MCT1, MCT4, and CD147 in muscle or blood. There were positive correlations between muscles MCT1 vs CD147 and MCT4 vs CD147 in both groups. The relationships found were expected since the MCT1 and 4 depended on the CD147 ancillary protein for correct functioning. The BH horses do not present differences in the muscle or RBC expressions of MCT1, 4 and CD147, even with different conditioning levels. To investigate plasma and erythrocyte lactate concentrations and to evaluate erythrocyte expression of the MT1/CD147 transporter complex, six dogs of the American Pit Bull Terrier breed (APBT) were submitted to a treadmill incremental effort test (IET). At the end of each increment of speed, blood was collected from the cephalic vein. Concentrations of blood (BL) and plasma lactate (PL), pH and hematocrit (Ht) were measured. The concentration of lactate inside the red blood cells (LC) was estimated and the LC: PL ratio was established, the blood expressions of the MCT1/CD147 transporter complex were evaluated by western blot. Data were submitted to the Shapiro-Wilks normality test, one-way ANOVA and Dunn's test. For pH and Ht, paired Student's t-test was applied, and Pearson's correlation was used for MCT1 and CD147 analysis, for all analyzes, p≤0.05. BL, PL, LC, pH showed no differences, the LC: PL ratio was close to 1 with an increasing tendency. MCT1 and CD147 presented 48 and 59 kDa of molecular weight and 1.27 and 1.05 of arbitrary optical units (AOU). No correlations were found between MCT1 and CD147. The high transport velocity of the MCT1/CD147 could explain the LC: PL ratio close to 1, this velocity plus the grasping mechanism may explain the constant of pH values. The APBT submitted to intense physical activity showed a tendency to increase the LC: PL ratio, and homogeneously express the MCT1/CD147 complex
FAPESP: 11/11080-0
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Nel, Mirinda. "Serum lactate in canine babesiosis." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/22944.
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Canine babesiosis typically causes a haemolytic anemia and results in hypoxia and sepsis, which can eventually result in multiple organ dysfunction. Human patients with severe injury or disease such as shock, sepsis and malaria often have persistent hyperlactataemia, and there is a correlation between blood lactate and survival rate. There are various similarities between human malaria and canine babesiosis, eg. anaemia, renal failure, cerebral forms, coagulopathy, hepatopathy, pulmonary oedema, and shock. In severe malaria, lactate levels in blood rise in direct proportion to the severity of the disease. Venous lactate concentrations measured at 4 hours after admission appears to be the best prognostic indicator in severe malaria. In dogs blood lactate has been shown to be of prognostic value in patients with gastric dilatationvolvulus and in dogs admitted to intensive care units. Blood lactate has also been shown to be of prognostic value in equine colic. Blood lactate was determined in ninety dogs with naturally occurring canine babesiosis. Forty-five dogs (50%) presented with hyperlactataemia (blood lactate > 2.5mmol/L) and 20 (22.2%) with hypoglycaemia (blood glucose < 3.3 mmol/L). Measurements significantly associated with mortality were hypoglycaemia on admission, blood lactate > 5mmol/L on admission, blood lactate > 2.5 mmol/L at 8, 16 and 24 hours after admission, and increase or < 50% decrease in blood lactate within 8 and 16 hours after admission. Blood lactate persistently > 4.4 mmol/L indicated a very poor prognosis. The study concluded that serial blood lactate measurements are useful in predicting survival in dogs with severe and complicated canine babesiosis.Dissertation (MMed Vet (Med))--University of Pretoria, 2004.
Companion Animal Clinical Studies
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Buckley, Jonathan David. "Human lactate kinetics : training effects /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phb924.pdf.
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Preneta, A. Z. "Studies on lactate oxidising enzymes and their application to ferrocene-based enzyme electrodes for lactate." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.376191.
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Soares, Otávio Augusto Brioschi [UNESP]. "Comparação de diferentes métodos lactacidêmicos e glicêmicos de determinação do limiar anaeróbio em eqüinos." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/89221.
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O esporte eqüestre vem exigindo um grau crescente de profissionalismo no mundo todo. Testes de desempenho, como a aferição do Limiar anaeróbio (LA), inserem-se neste contexto. Este trabalho comparou sete protocolos de mensuração do LA, cinco lactacidêmicos (V2, V4, LAI, LAI0,5, Lacmin) e dois glicêmicos (LGI e Glicmin). Todos foram comparados a Máxima fase estável do lactato (MFEL), protocolo padrão de aferição do LA. Catorze eqüinos Puro Sangue Árabe foram utilizados, entre machos e fêmeas. As médias e desvios-padrão das velocidades associadas aos testes foram: V2 = 9,49 ± 0,83 m/s, V4 = 10,83 ± 0,71 m/s, VLAI = 9,62 ± 0,91 m/s, VLAI0,5 = 10,21 ± 0,80 m/s, VLacmin = 7,49 ± 0,55 m/s, VLGI = 7,69 ± 1,68 m/s, VGlicmin = 8,31 ± 1,64 m/s e VMFEL = 6,06 ± 0,51 m/s. Somente a VLacmin não diferiu da VMFEL, além de obter correlação significativa com a mesma de ρ = 0,76 (Correlação de Spearman). A Tendência e os Limites de Concordância entre a VLacmin e a VMFEL foram de 1,43; 0,79 e 2,05. Além de predizer velocidades diferentes da VMFEL, os limiares LAI, LGI e Glicmin apresentaram dificuldades operacionais. As diferenças entre as velocidades preditas pelos protocolos V2, V4, LAI e LAI0,5, LGI e Glicmin a VMFEL podem ser parcialmente explicadas por variações de composição de protocolo e dificuldades operacionais. Apesar de não diferirem estatisticamente, as VLacmin e as VMFEL apresentaram baixa concordância, o que provavelmente pode ser melhorado com ajustes finos no protocolo do Lacmin.
Equestrian sports are demanding a growing degree of professionalism all over the world. Performance tests, as Anaerobic threshold (AT) assessment, are inserted in that context. The present study compared seven protocols for anaerobic threshold assessment: five of them using the lactacidemia (V2, V4, IAT, IAT0.5 and Lacmin) and two glicemia (IGT and Glicmin). All of them were compared to the Maximal Lactate Steady State (MLSS), the gold standard for AT assessment. Fourteen Arabian horses, males and females were submitted to the protocols. Velocity means and standard deviation associated to each protocol were: V2 = 9.49 ± 0.83; V4 = 10.83 ± 0.71; VIAT = 9.62 ± 0.91; VIAT0,5 = 10.21 ± 0.80; VLacmin = 7.49 ± 0.55; VIGT = 7.69 ± 1.68; VGlicmin = 8.31 ± 1.64 e VMLSS = 6.06 ±0.51. Only VLacmin did not differ from VMLSS, moreover, they correlate significantly with ρ = 0.76 (Spearman correlation). Bias ant Limits of Agreement of the two methods were 1.43; 0.79 and 2.05. Besides they predicted different velocities when compared to VMLSS, IAT, IGT and Glicmin showed operational difficulties. The differences between the velocities associated with the several protocols and the VMLSS could be partially attributed to protocol components variations and some operational difficulties. Regardless the statistical equality, VLacmin and VMLSS revealed poor agreement, what could probably be improved with adjustments in the Lacmin protocol.
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Barros, Luis Fernando Nogueira Paes de. ""Limiar de lactato em teste de quadra: validade em jogadores de futsal"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/39/39132/tde-13072006-111624/.
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O objetivo deste estudo foi a validação da medida de limiar anaeróbio com o teste escalonado intermitente de 20 m de ida-e-volta em quadra, comparando-o com teste escalonado em esteira e com o máximo steady state de lactato (MLSS) em teste retangular simulado, em jogadores de Futsal. Para isso, nove jogadores de Futsal (16,8 ± 1,27 anos) realizaram um teste incremental em esteira (protocolo de HECK, 1985) para determinação da velocidade de 3,5 mmol.l-1 de lactato (V3,5Heck). Também para determinação da V3,5 (V3,5leger), os atletas realizaram teste progressivo de 20 m de ida-e-volta, com velocidade inicial de 8,5 km.h-1, com incremento de 1 km.h-1 a cada três minutos. Após a determinação da V3,5leger, os atletas retornaram à quadra e realizaram (pelo menos) três testes para a determinação do MLSS. O MLSS foi determinado através de corrida intermitente (20 m de ida-e-volta) e definido como a maior velocidade em que o lactato sanguíneo não aumentou mais que 1 mmol.l-1 de lactato entre o 10 e 30 minutos com velocidade constante. As velocidades correspondentes à V3,5leger e MLSS tiveram correlação de r = 0,86. O teste de comparações múltiplas TURKEY TEST detectou que existe diferença (p<0,05) entre as médias de intensidade de MLSS e V3,5Heck e entre V3,5Heck e V3,5leger. Já entre V3,5leger e MLSS, o teste não detectou diferença. A correlação entre a F.C. no V3,5leger e o MLSS foi de r = 0,70. O teste de comparações múltiplas TURKEY TEST detectou que existe diferença (p<0,05) entre as médias de F.C. entre V3,5leger e MLSS e entre V3,5Heck e MLSS. Já entre V3,5leger e V3,5Heck, o teste não detectou diferença. Portanto, nós concluímos que a V3,5leger é um instrumento válido para se estimar o MLSS em jogadores de Futsal.The objective of this study was to investigate the validity of the anaerobic threshold in the 20 m shuttle run test in the determination of the maximal lactate steady state (MLSS) in Futsal players. Nine male futsal players (16,8 ± 1.27 years) performed an incremental treadmill test for the determination of the velocity corresponding of 3.5 mmol.l-1 of lactate (HECK et alii, 1985) (V3.5Heck). Also for the determination of the V3.5 (V3.5leger), the Futsal players performed the 20 m shuttle run test, with the initial running speed of 8.5 km.h-1 and increment of 1 km.h-1 each three minutes. After the determination of the V3.5 the athletes performed at least three tests to determine the MLSS. The MLSS was determined through intermittent running (20 m shuttle run) and defined as the highest velocity at which blood lactate did not increase by more than 1 mmol.l-1 between the minutes 10 and 30 of the constant velocity runs. There was a significant correlation between the velocities of V3.5leger and MLSS (r = 0.86). Analysis of variance revealed significant difference (p<0.05) between the intensities of the MLSS and V3.5Heck and between V3.5Heck e V3.5leger, but the analysis did not reveal difference between V3.5leger and the MLSS. The correlation between the heart frequency (F.C.) in the V3.5 Leger and MLSS was r=0.70. The analysis of variance revealed significant differences (p<0.05) between F.C. in V3.5leger and MLSS and between V3.5Heck and MLSS. The analysis did not revealed differences between V3.5leger and V3.5Heck. We conclude that OBLA can be utilized in Futsal players to estimate the MLSS.
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Funari, Sabrina. "Avaliação da suplementação com dimetilglicina sobre o desempenho atlético de cavalos de enduro." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10135/tde-29082012-160647/.
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O exercício de enduro é caracterizado por um esforço aeróbico prolongado, de intensidade variável em que o cavalo é submetido a um trabalho permanente o qual exige dos sistemas orgânicos a manutenção da homeostasia. A habilidade dos músculos em gerar energia rapidamente via produção de lactato, é essencial para o desempenho em exercícios de elevada intensidade. Entretanto, a produção de lactato pode também suprimir muitos dos processos vitais necessários pra sustentar a atividade muscular. A associação de lactato com a fadiga muscular tem levado à busca de suplementos alimentares que reduzem o acúmulo de lactato. N,N-Dimetilglicina (DMG), um intermediário do metabolismo da colina, é um suplemento atualmente comercializado, porém não há dados consistentes na literatura sobre sua eficácia para equinos atletas. Objetivando avaliar o efeito da DMG, utilizou-se 12 animais em treinamento para provas de enduro, dos quais seis receberam suplementação oral; utilizou-se delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com medidas repetidas no tempo. Foram coletadas amostras de sangue em sete tempos diferentes, a cada 15 dias; dessas amostras obteve-se valores das enzimas creatina quinase e aspartato aminotransferase e também valores de glicose e lactato, além de medições de freqüência cardíaca e respiratória. Após 30 dias da última amostragem, realizaram-se coletas de sangue em intervalos curtos de tempo, após exercício, a fim de se realizar uma curva de lactato, e também comparar dados analisados em laboratório com analisados via lactímetro. Dos dados analisados, houve interação entre tempo e aumento da enzima creatina quinase, o que pode ser justificado pelo aumento da demanda muscular durante exercício físico constante. A enzima aspartato aminotransferase diminuiu com o passar do tempo, em ambos os grupos, porém oscilou dentro da normalidade, o que pode caracterizar baixa permeabilidade da membrana celular, comum em animais condicionados. A alteração da glicose foi a mesma ao longo do tempo para ambos os grupos. As médias de lactato não diferiram no grupo suplementado, mas sua variação dentro do grupo não suplementado sugere que a suplementação com DMG pode influenciar na manutenção da integridade muscular. Em comparação entre as formas de dosagem do lactato plasmático, pode-se concluir que o lactímetro é uma ferramenta eficaz na obtenção de dados a campo, pois suas médias não diferiram das médias de lactato obtidas através de análise laboratorial. A suplementação oral com dimetilglicina não influenciou o desempenho atlético de cavalos em treinamento para enduro equestre.The exercise endurance is characterized by a prolonged aerobic work, of varying intensity in which the horse is subjected to a permanent job which requires organ systems maintain homeostasis. The ability of muscles to generate energy quickly via production of lactate is essential for the performance of high intensity exercise. However, the production of lactate may also suppress many of the vital processes necessary to sustain muscle activity. The combination of lactate in muscle fatigue has led to the search for dietary supplements that reduce the accumulation of lactate. N, N-dimethylglycine (DMG), an intermediate in the metabolism of choline, is a supplement currently marketed, but there is no consistent data in the literature on its effectiveness for equine athletes. In order to evaluate the effect of DMG, we used 12 animals in training for endurance events, of which six received oral supplementation, we used a completely randomized design with repeated measures on time. Blood samples were collected in seven different times, every 15 days, these samples gave values of the enzymes creatine kinase and aspartate aminotransferase values as well as glucose and lactate, and easurements of heart rate and breathing. After 30 days the last sampling, there were blood samples at short intervals of time after exercise in order to perform a lactate curve, and also compare data analyzed in laboratory and analyzed via lactimeter. Of the data analyzed, there was interaction between time and increased the enzyme creatine kinase, which can be explained by increased demand constant muscle during exercise. The enzyme aspartate aminotransferase decreased over time in both groups, but varied within the normal range, which can characterize low permeability of the cell membrane, which is common in animals conditioned. The change in glucose was the same over time for both groups. The mean lactate did not differ in the supplemented group, but the variation in the unsupplemented group suggests that supplementation with DMG can influence the maintenance of muscle integrity. In comparison dosage forms of lactate, it can be concluded that the lactimeter is an effective tool for getting data into the field, because their means did not differ from average lactate obtained through laboratory analysis. Oral supplementation with dimethylglicine did not influence athletic performance of horses in training for endurance riding.
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Costa, Samuel André Bailador. "Maneio do paciente politraumatizado na clínica de animais de companhia." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/7577.
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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina VeterináriaResumo: O politraumatismo consiste em múltiplas lesões orgânicas causadas por um mesmo acidente, com pelo menos uma delas a causar risco de vida. A pesquisa bibliográfica pretende demonstrar a importância da abordagem de urgência nestes pacientes segundo o ABCDE, que é o sistema universalmente aceite para diagnosticar e corrigir estas lesões e também da correta monitorização para evitar as complicações que surgem mais frequentemente. São também abordados os tipos de trauma mais importantes e o tratamento comum a todos. Finalmente são analisados os indicadores de trauma que dão uma noção da gravidade do processo e do prognóstico, permitindo a adoção de medidas precoces que visam reduzir a mortalidade. O estudo clínico realizado propõe a caraterização de uma população de pacientes politraumatizados principalmente quanto às suas causas mais frequentes e tipos de trauma. Para além disso é determinado o valor na triagem do lactato e, de forma inovadora, do índice de choque, como indicadores da mortalidade nesta população. Observou-se que o trauma cutâneo e músculo-esquelético apresentaram maiores prevalências, alertando a importância da deteção e correção destas lesões, para além das que causam risco de vida eminente. Mesmo com uma única medição na triagem, o lactato apresentou uma relação fiável com a mortalidade, sendo valores superiores a 6 mmol/L associados prognósticos mais reservados. O índice de choque não demonstrou uma correlação clara com a mortalidade sendo de interesse explorar mais a sua função como indicador do prognóstico.
ABSTRACT - MANAGEMENT OF POLYTRAUMA IN THE SMALL ANIMAL CLINICAL PRACTICE - Polytrauma refers to multiple organ systems injuries caused by a single accident, with at least one of them being life threatening. The bibliographic research intents to show the importance of the emergency approach to these patients according to the ABCDE witch is the universally accepted system to diagnose and correct these injuries. Additionally, there must be an adequate monitoring to avoid the complications witch frequently arise. The most important types of trauma and their common treatment are also mentioned. The indicators of trauma are finally analyzed, giving a notion of gravity and prognosis, allowing precocious measures to be taken to reduce mortality. The clinical study conducted characterizes a population of polytrauma patients by causes and types of trauma. In addition, lactate and innovatively, shock index, are determined as indicators of mortality in this population. Cutaneous and musculoskeletal were the most prevalent traumas, alerting the importance of detecting and correcting these lesions, besides the ones that are life threatening. Lactate was showed to be related with mortality in polytrauma even with a single measurement during triage, with values greater than 6 mmol/L associated with worst prognosis. Shock index didn’t show a clear correlation with mortality but it might be of interest to further explore its role as a prognostic indicator.
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Sartain, Felicity Kate. "Design of a holographic lactate sensor." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.613960.
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Feringer, Júnior Walter Heinz [UNESP]. "Expressão do transportador de monocarboxilato MCT1 e sua proteína auxiliar CD 147 em hemácias de equinos de salto." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/121932.
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000813816.pdf: 2026611 bytes, checksum: 4bc553c95658091144370545d57b7857 (MD5)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Avaliou-se a expressão do transportador de monocarboxilato 1 (MCT1) e sua proteína auxiliar CD147 nas hemácias de equinos da raça Brasileiro de Hipismo (BH) e de raças européias selecionadas para as mesmas modalidades. Utilizou-se 29 equinos, 16 da raça BH divididos em dois grupos segundo o histórico de competições em provas da modalidade salto, grupo de desempenho inferior (DI, n=8) e grupo de desempenho superior (DS, n=8) esta divisão foi confirmada pelo calculo do Custo de Frequência Cardíaca (CFC) e Custo de Lactato CLAC) e 13 equinos de origem européia que foram classificados como grupo Elite devido ao histórico de participação em provas com maiores alturas que os BHs. Com os BHs foram realizados dois testes um de velocidades incrementais (TVI) e um teste de saltos incrementais (TSI) onde valores de frequência cardíaca (FC) e lactato foram avaliados antes e após os testes, assim como sangue para a realização do Western Blot, o sangue dos animais Elite foram coletados antes após a Copa São Paulo de hipismo. Houve diferença estatística (p≤0,05) nos CFC e CLAC entre os grupos DI e DS no TSI e o mesmo não encontrado para o TVI. Em relação a expressão do MCT1 e CD147, houve diferença (p≤0,05) nos valores basais entre os BHs e o grupo Elite, não foram encontradas diferenças nas expressões entre os grupos DI e DS em quaisquer períodos de avaliação e o grupo Elite apresentou maior expressão (p≤0,05) de CD147 após a prova de hipismo. Concluiu-se que os BHs possuem maior expressão de MCT1 e CD147 quando comparados com raças européias e que estas expressam mais as proteínas estudadas após uma sessão aguda de esforço
We evaluated the expression of monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) and its ancillary protein CD147 in equine erythrocytes of Brazilian (BH) and European show jumphorses.We used 29 horses , 16 of BH breed divided into two groups according to his historical show jump competitions, group underperformed (DI, n = 8) and group of superior performance (DS, n = 8) this division was confirmed by calculating the Cost of Heart Rate (CFC) and Cost of Lactate (CLAC) and 13 horses of European origin which were classified as Elite group due to the history of participation in events with greater heights than BHs. The BHs were tested twice, with a incremental speeds test (TVI) and a test of incremental jumps (IST) where values of heart rate (HR) and lactate were evaluated before and after the tests as well as blood for the Western blot, Elite animals blood were collected before and after Copa São Paulo of show jump. There was a statistical difference (p≤ 0.05) in the CFC and CLAC between DI and DS groups in IST, the same was not found for TVI. Regarding the expression of MCT1 and CD147 , significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) at baseline between the BHs and the Elite group, no differences in expression were found between DI and DS groups in any evaluation periods and the Elite group had higher expression (p ≤ 0.05) of CD147 after the show jump competition. It was concluded that BH’s expression of MCT1 and CD147 is higher when compared to European breeds and that they express more CD147 after an acute bout of effort
FAPESP: 11/15804-2
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Shu, Hun-Chi. "D-lactid acid analysis using sequential injection analysis and amperometric biosensor." Lund : Dept. of Biotechnology, Lund University, 1994. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/38950881.html.
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Souza, Isadora Pimentel de. "Níveis séricos do lactato como preditores de morte no choque séptico em recém-nascidos prematuros." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/154842.
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Introdução: O choque séptico é uma importante causa de morbimortalidade em recém-nascidos prematuros. O lactato vem sendo estudado como marcador diagnóstico e prognóstico do choque, mas os estudos no período neonatal são escassos. Objetivo: Investigar se os níveis séricos de lactato podem predizer o risco de morte em prematuros com choque séptico. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo, longitudinal, realizado na UTI Neonatal do Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu no período de janeiro de 2014 a dezembro de 2016, após aprovação do CEP. Foram incluídos todos os prematuros menores que 37 semanas, internados na UTI, com mais de 72 horas de vida, que apresentaram diagnóstico de choque séptico e dosagem do lactato sérico nas primeiras 48 horas do choque. Foram excluídos aqueles com malformações múltiplas, infecções congênitas e erros inatos do metabolismo. Variáveis estudadas: maternas, gestacionais, neonatais, agente etiológico e dosagem do lactato. Os prematuros foram comparados em dois grupos: sobrevida e óbito. Desfecho: óbito. Análise estatística: testes paramétricos e não paramétricos com significância estatística se p<0.05. Acurácia do lactato: sensibilidade, especificidade, valor preditivo positivo e negativo. Resultados: Dentre os 456 prematuros sobreviventes por mais de 72 horas, 130 apresentaram sepse tardia (28,5%) e destes, 36 choque séptico (28%). A mortalidade no choque foi de 42%. A positividade em hemocultura foi de 36% com predomínio de Gram-positivos no grupo sobrevida e de Gram-negativos no grupo óbito. A comparação entre os grupos sobrevida e óbito, respectivamente mostrou: idade gestacional 29,5sem vs 27,5sem (p=0.05); peso de nascimento 950g vs 900g (p=0.386), idade no diagnóstico do choque 11 dias vs 7 dias (p=0.071), uso de drogas vasoativas 52% vs 93% (p=0.011). Os níveis de lactato foram maiores no grupo óbito (1,2mmol/L vs 1,7 mmol/L; p=0.043). O lactato 4mmol/L apresentou boa acurácia na predição de morte diretamente relacionada ao choque (89%) com baixa sensibilidade, 33%, mas com especificidade e valor preditivo positivo de 100% e valor preditivo negativo de 88%. Conclusão: A incidência e mortalidade do choque séptico em prematuros foram altas, sendo os muito prematuros e os de extremo baixo peso os mais acometidos. Valores de lactato 4 mmol/L apresentaram boa acurácia na predição de morte, alta especificidade e alto valor preditivo positivo.
Introduction: Septic shock is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in premature infants. Lactate has been studied as a diagnostic and prognostic marker of shock, but studies in the neonatal period are scarce. Objective: To investigate if serum lactate levels can predict the risk of death in preterm infants with septic shock. Methods: Retrospective, longitudinal study performed at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of the Clinics Hospital – Botucatu School of Medicine, from January 2014 to December 2016, after approval of the Ethics Committee. All preterm infants less than 37 weeks gestational age, with more than 72 hours of life, admitted at the NICU with diagnosis of septic shock and serum lactate dosage in the first 48 hours of shock were included. Those with multiple malformations, congenital infections and inborn errors of metabolism were excluded. Variables studied: maternal, gestational, neonatal, etiologic agent and lactate dosage. The preterm infants were compared in two groups: survival and death. Outcome: death. Statistical analysis: parametric and non-parametric tests with statistical significance if p<0.05. Lactate accuracy: sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value. Results: Among the 456 preterm infants who survived for more than 72 hours, 130 had late onset sepsis (28.5%) and of these 36 septic shock (28%). The shock mortality was 42%. The positivity in blood cultures was 36%, with a predominance of Gram-positive in the survival group and Gram-negative in the death group. The comparison between survival and death groups, respectively, showed: gestational age 29.5weeks vs 27.5 weeks (p=0.05); birth weight 950g vs 900g (p=0.386), age at shock diagnosis 11 days vs 7 days (p=0.071), vasoactive drugs 52% vs 93% (p=0.011). Lactate levels were higher in the death group (1.2mmol/L vs 1.7 mmol/L, p=0.043). Lactate ≥4 mmol/L showed good accuracy in predicting death directly related to shock (89%) with low sensitivity 33%, but with specificity and a positive predictive value of 100% and a negative predictive value of 88%. Conclusion: The incidence and mortality of septic shock in premature infants were high, and very premature and extremely low birth weight were the most affected. Values of lactate 4 9 mmol/L showed good accuracy in predicting death, high specificity and high positive predictive value.
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Miranda, Maria Cristiane Pestana Chaves [UNESP]. "Estudo de diferentes protocolos para a determinação do lactato mínimo em eqüinos em exercício: comparação com a máxima fase estável de lactato." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/101251.
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miranda_mcpc_dr_jabo.pdf: 867069 bytes, checksum: ab8ce7d5342cc255565a24babaf8554c (MD5)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Testes que avaliam o desempenho e direcionam a intensidade de treinamento de cavalos, como a aferição do limiar de lactato (LL), são muito úteis na medicina esportiva equina. O presente estudo visa determinar se a velocidade correspondente à concentração de lactato mínimo (VLACMIN) é dependente do protocolo utilizado. A VLACMIN determinada por meio de 5 protocolos (P1 – P5) foram comparados com a velocidade obtida no Teste da Máxima Fase Estável de Lactato (VMAFEL). Oito cavalos árabes treinados foram submetidos a várias sessões para determinação da VMAFEL e comparados com 5 protocolos diferentes. Estes protocolos incluíram um período de aquecimento, seguido de um galope de alta intensidade. Após a corrida, a velocidade foi reduzida para 4 m.s-1. Em P1, P2 e P3 o incremento de velocidade foi fixado em 0,5 m.s -1 e as durações das etapas foram de 3, 5 e 7 min, respectivamente. Em P2, P4 e P5, a duração das etapas foi fixada em 5 min, e o incremento de velocidade foi de 0,5; 1,0; e 1,5 m.s-1, respectivamente. A VLACMIN foi determinada pela aplicação de uma função polinomial de segundo grau. A média e desvio-padrão da VLACMIN dos valores de P1, P2 e P3 e do VMAFEL foram respectivamente: 5,61 ± 0,12 m.s-1; 5,26 ± 0,17 m.s-1; 4,96 ± 0,36 m.s-1; 5,48 ± 0,18 m.s-1 e houve diferença significativa quando comparamos VMAFEL e P3 . A média e desvio-padrão da VLACMIN dos valores de P2 , P4 e P5 e do VMAFEL foram respectivamente: 5,26 ± 0,17 m.s-1; 5,84 ± 0,45 m.s-1; 5,99 ± 0,43 m.s-1; 5,48 ± 0,18 m.s-1, e houve diferença significativa quando comparamos VMAFEL e P5. É possível concluir que a capacidade aeróbia mensurada por meio do método VLACMIN é dependente da duração da etapa, e do incremento da velocidade, nas condições analisadas.
Tests to evaluate the performance and direct the intensity of the horses´ training, such as the determination of the lactate threshold (LT), hold a great importance in the equestrian sports medicine. The present study aims at determining whether the speed corresponding to the minimum lactate concentration (VLACMIN) is dependent on the protocol used. The VLACMIN determined through 5 protocols (P1 – P5) were compared with the speed obtained in the Lactate Maximum Stable Phase Test (VMFEL). Eight trained Arabian horses underwent several sessions for the VMFEL determination and compared with 5 different protocols. These protocols included a warm-up period, followed by a high-intensity galloping. After the run, the speed was reduced to 4 m.s-1. In P1, P2 and P3 the speed increment was established at 0.5 m.s -1 and the phase durations were of 3, 5 and 7 min, respectively. In P2, P4 and P5, the phases duration was established at 5 min, and the speed increment was of 0.5; 1.0; and 1.5 m.s-1, respectively. The VLACMIN was determined through the application of a second-degree polynomial function. The mean and standard deviation of the VLACMIN of the P1, P2 and P3 values, as well as of the VMFEL, were respectively: 5.61 ± 0.12 m.s-1; 5.26 ± 0.17 m.s-1; 4.96 ± 0.36 m.s-1; 5.48 ± 0.18 m.s-1 and there was significant difference when we compared VMFEL and P3 . The mean and standard deviation of the VLACMIN of the P2 , P4 and P5 values, as well as of the VMFEL, were respectively: 5.26 ± 0.17 m.s-1; 5.84 ± 0.45 m.s-1; 5.99 ± 0.43 m.s-1; 5.48 ± 0.18 m.s-1, and there was significant difference when we compared VMFEL and P5. It is possible to conclude that the aerobic capacity measured through the VLACMIN method is dependent on both the phase duration and the speed increment, in the conditions analyzed.
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Kim, Yuan Hwan. "Lactate dehydrogenase regulation of the metmyoglobin reducing system to improve color stability of bovine muscles through lactate enhancement." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2966.
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Large, Valérie. "Mesures des flux de lactate et de la néoglucogenèse à partir de (3-13C) lactate : limites et validation." Lyon 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO1T129.
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Duvillard, Sergei Petelin von. "Determination of the Lactate Threshold by Respiratory Gas Exchange Measures and Blood Lactate Levels During Incremental-Load Work." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1987. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331769/.
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The purpose of this investigation was to examine the change in pulmonary ventilation (V_E), ventilatory equivalent of oxygen (VE_O_2) and lactic acid (LA) in relation to oxygen uptake (V_O_2) as predictors of the lactate threshold (LT). Eight healthy male (21.9 ± 3.0 years) subjects conducted three incremental-load tests. In each test the initial work rate consisted of 4 minutes of unloaded pedaling ("0" load) followed by incremental-load work of 360 Kgm • min^-1 at 60 rpm for trial I and trial II, while during trial III the work rate consisted of 540 Kgm • min^-1 of incremental-load work at 90 rpm. Work load was increased every third minute until the subject reached voluntary exhaustion. Blood samples from a forearm vein were collected during trial II (60 rpm) and trial III (90 rpm) and analyzed for lactic acid. In our subjects the measured (x̄ ± SD) lowest VE_O_2 for O_2 in relation to V_O_2 for trial I of 22.9 ± 1.9 occurred at a V_O_2 of 1.27 ± 0.8 L • min^-1. For trial II the VE_O_2 of 22.4 ± 1.3 occurred at a V_O_2 of 1.30 ± 0.09 L • min^-1, while for trial III a VE_O_2 of 24.4 ± 2.5 occurred at a V_O_2 of 1.84 ± 0.15 L • min^-1. The lowest VE_O_2 and onset of LA accumulation as calculated from individual exponential equations relating V_E to V_O_2 yielded V_O_2 values at 1.77 ± 0.18 L • min^-1 and 1.74 ± 0.25 L • min^-1 for trial II, and 1.83 ± 0.19 L • min^-1 and 2.02 ± 0.53 during trial III. Utilizing ln[LA]-ln V_O_2 equations, the LT occurred at a V_O_2 of 1.30 ± 0.07 L • min^-1 during trial II and 1.85 ± 0.12 L • min^-1 during trial III. It was concluded that during the 60 rpm test that the lactate threshold was best predicted by measured lowest VE_O_2 and the plot of the In[LA] to In V_O_2 relationship. The methods used in this study provide a valid and reliable estimate of the lactate threshold and support the use of measured lowest VE_O_2 , a respiratory gas exchange measure, as an indirect measure of the lactate threshold.
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Thompson, Rebecca L. "Control of Listeria monocytogenes in Ready-to-Eat Meat Containing Levulinate, Lactate, or Lactate and Diacetate." DigitalCommons@USU, 2007. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/5541.
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Control of the pathogen Listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat (RTE) meats is a major concern in the food industry. The objective of this study was to compare the growth of L. monocytogenes on refrigerated RTE meats containing sodium levulinate (4-oxopentanoic acid, a five carbon organic acid with GRAS status), sodium lactate, or a combination of sodium lactate and sodium diacetate. Turkey roll and bologna were prepared to contain (wt/wt) sodium lactate (2%); sodium lactate in combination with sodium diacetate (1.875% sodium lactate, 0.125% sodium diacetate); sodium levulinate (1, 2, or 3%); or no antilisterial additive. Samples were sliced, inoculated with a 5-strain cocktail (102 to 103 CFU/cm2) of L. monocytogenes, vacuum packaged, and stored at 2°C for 0-12 weeks.
Triplicate packages of each treatment were analyzed bi-weekly for growth of the pathogen. Bacterial counts exceeded 105 CFU/cm2 in controls after 4 weeks in turkey and over 106 CFU/cm2 after 8 weeks in bologna. In turkey, L. monocytogenes showed significant growth in samples containing sodium lactate after 6 weeks(>104 CFU/cm2) and after 8 weeks when used in combination with diacetate. Further, samples containing 1% sodium Jevulinate did not show significant growth of the pathogen for 10 weeks (~104 CFU/cm2), while those containing 2% and 3% levulinate inhibited growth for 12 weeks. In bologna, adding any antimicrobial inhibited growth for 12 weeks.
Finally, Listeria-free samples of turkey roll and bologna, containing the various organic acid salts, were evaluated by members of consumer taste panels. Statistical analysis (ANOV A) showed that there were no differences in overall liking of samples of turkey roll (p = 0.19) or bologna (p = 0.42). In turkey, sodium levulinate was more effective at preventing growth of L. monocytogenes, while in bologna it was as effective as the current industry standards lactate and diacetate. Addition of levulinate did not alter the sensory acceptability of either product
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Mello, Fernando de Campos. "Contribuição dos sistemas energéticos na água e em diferentes ergômetros de remo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/39/39132/tde-27012009-085352/.
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O remo é uma modalidade que depende muito das condições ambientais para ser praticada, tais como vento, chuva e frio, as quais podem atrapalhar e, dependendo da variação, até impedir a sua prática. Por esses motivos, a realização de atividades em ambiente fechado torna-se importante nesse esporte. A alternativa mais utilizada para treinamento e avaliação é o ergômetro de remo Concept2. Contudo, a dinâmica do ergômetro de remo é diferente da dinâmica na água. Na tentativa de contornar parte dos problemas associados ao uso do ergômetro, a empresa fabricante do Concept2 criou um acessório chamado slide. O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar as respostas fisiológicas (consumo de oxigênio, freqüência cardíaca e concentração de lactato) do remador em três situações diferentes: ergômetro de remo, ergômetro de remo com o acessório slide e na água, bem como comparar a contribuição energética de cada situação. Oito sujeitos foram submetidos a cinco testes no total, sendo três deles a simulação da prova de 2000 metros em cada situação e outros dois testes progressivos até a exaustão no ergômetro de remo com e sem o slide. Os principais resultados do estudo foram: a) o perfil metabólico, bem como a demanda energética da prova de 2000m no remo é a mesma, independentemente se ela é realizada no ergômetro de remo Concept2 com ou sem slide ou na água, no barco single-skiff; b) o menor gasto energético total na água está relacionado exclusivamente ao maior tempo necessário para percorrer os 2000m nessa situação; c) a utilização do acessório slide no ergômetro de remo Concept2 não implica em alterações no perfil fisiológico da atividade; d) a utilização do ergômetro de remo no treinamento de remadores produz o mesmo efeito, no que diz respeito aos ajustes fisiológicos agudos, que o treinamento na águaRowing is a sport that can be subject to environmental conditions as it is practiced outdoors. Wind, rain and cold climates can disturb or even impede the execution of rowing on the water. For that reason, indoor rowing is considered to be an important means of training. The most used form of indoor training and evaluation of athletes is the rowing ergometer Concept II. Nevertheless, outdoor rowing presents dynamic singularities compared to indoor rowing. In order to minimize differences related to rowing on a machine, the manufacturer of Concept II created a device called the slide. The aim of this study was to verify the physiological responses (oxygen consumption, cardiac frequency, lactate concentration) of rowers in three different situations: rowing on an ergometer without and with the slide and rowing on the water. Also, the energy contribution was evaluated. Eight individuals were submitted to five physical tests each. Three of the tests consisted of the simulation of a race in a distance of 2000m in each of the situations defined above, and 2 of the tests consisted of progressive effort until exhaustion in the rowing ergometer with and without the slide. The results obtained were the following a) metabolic profile, as well as energy demand in the 2000 m test was the same if completed on the rowing ergometer with or without the slide or on the water on a single scull. b) the least energy cost on the water was related to the longer time needed to complete the 2000 m test outdoors. C) the use of the slide on the ergometer did not show any changes on the physiological profile of the activity d) the use of the rowing ergometer for training of rowers has the same effect, in terms of physiological adjustments, as training on the water
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Silva, Leticia Peternelli da [UNESP]. "Avaliação da concentração de lactato sérico, glicemia e hemogasometria de ovelhas, cordeiros recém-nascidos e placenta." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/143779.
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Os principais desafios da transição fetal-neonatal são a estabilização do equilíbrio ácido-básico, glicemia e oxigenação ao longo das primeiras 24 horas de vida. Falhas nessa adaptação são a maior causa de morte nesse período e os estudos de viabilidade neonatal tem se concentrado nas avaliações destas variáveis. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a correlação da lactatemia materna, placentária e neonatal em ovinos ao nascimento e, ainda, observar o comportamento do lactato, glicemia e hemogasometria nas primeiras 24 horas de vida do neonato. Para tanto, as avaliações foram realizadas ao nascimento (M1), quatro (M2), oito (M3), 12 (M4) e 24 (M5) horas após. A lactatemia neonatal se mostrou próxima à placentária (p=0,991) diferindo significativamente da materna (p=0,011), o que sugere uma influência da produção de lactato pela placenta como parte da lactatemia neonatal ao nascimento. Ao longo das 24 horas de vida foi possível notar a depuração de lactato pelo organismo do neonato, aproximando assim dos valores de referência para a espécie. A glicemia dos neonatos se manteve em níveis acima dos descritos pela literatura (50,176 ± 21,007 mmol/L) ao nascimento e a elevação se mostrou constante ao longo das avaliações. Na hemogasometria foi possível observar discreta acidose metabólica, com normalização já nas primeiras quatro horas e estabilização completa do equilíbrio ácido-básico ao final das 24 horas de vida.
Newborn animals, between their fetal and newborn transition period, usually face several challenges in the first 24 hours after birth; acid-base balance issues as well as glycemic levels and oxygenation problems are quite usual. Difficulties to overcome such issues have caused several deaths among newborns. Therefore, studies have been carried out in order to evaluate such issues. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation between the mother´s lactatemia, presence of lactate in the blood, in the placenta as well as in the newborn, moreover, the study measured the lactate, glycemic and hemogasometry levels during the first 24 horas after birth. Tests were carried out right after birth (M1), four (M2), eight (M3), 12 twelve (M4) and 24 (M5) hours after birth. Lactatemia levels were quite similar to the placental levels (p=0,991) which, in turn, were significantly different from the mother´s (p=0,011). Results showed, shortly after birth, a lactate production influence in the placenta as part of the lactatemia issue. Along the first 24 hours after birth, the study showed lower levels of lactate in newborns; levels were closer to the normal index levels found in such animals. Glycemic level results found after birth were higher than the levels published in medical journals (50,176 ± 21,007 mmol/L); high levels remained steady. Regarding hemogasometry results, tests showed slight metabolic acidosis, normal levels were found in the first 24 hours after birth; basic-acid was completely stable at the end of the 24 hours after birth.
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Álvarez, Pinto Zaida. "Lactate-releasing PLA scaffolds for brain regeneration." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/283142.
Full textAbstract:
Stroke and traumatic brain injuries are common causes of disability, with loss of nerve tissue due to secondary degeneration, gliosis, and often the formation of cavities that inhibit neural cell growth. Recent attempts at neural cell regeneration have therefore focused on the use of engineering materials that mimic the adult neural stem cell (NSC) niche, in order to establish an adequate environment for neurogenesis and differentiation. However, because the adult mammalian NSC niche has limited regenerative capacities, effective regeneration of the central nervous system (CNS) requires the reconstitution of its embryonic counterpart. Radial glia are bipolar cells with 1-2 µm-thick shafts that form a palisade and span the entire CNS parenchyma serving as substrates for neuronal migration. They contain high levels of glycogen and release L-lactate. Cerebral energy metabolism is a highly compartmentalized and complex process. The adult brain normally uses glucose as its primary energy source. However, before and immediately after birth, lactate is also an important energy source because at this time the level of glucose is low. Over the past decade, a role for lactate in fuelling the energetic requirements of neurons has emerged, not only during the perinatal period but also in adulthood. Initial evidence suggests that the metabolisms of NSC, neurons and astrocytes differ and that energy-dependent processes may influence the balance between NSC self-renewal and differentiation. The main goal of this thesis was to design an implantable biomaterial scaffold that reproduces the organization and supportive function of embryonic radial glia. Here we tested two types of poly L/DL lactic acid (PLA95/5 and PLA70/30), a biodegradable material permissive for neural cell adhesion and growth, as materials for nerve regeneration. PLA95/5 films were highly crystalline, stiff (GPa), and did not degrade significantly in the period analyzed in culture. In contrast, PLA70/30 films were more amorphous, softer (MPa) and degraded faster, releasing significant amounts of lactate into the medium. PLA70/30 performed better than PLA95/5 for primary cortical neural cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation, maintaining the pools of neuronal and glial progenitor cells in vitro. Finally, for in vivo studies, we designed 3D cell-free biomimetic scaffolds consisting of electrospun PLA70/30 nanofibers. Radially aligned scaffolds released L-lactate and reproduced the 3D organization and supportive function of radial glia. These scaffolds implanted into cavities made in mouse brain fostered complete implant vascularization, sustained neurogenesis, and allowed the long-term survival and integration of the newly generated neurons. Our results suggest that PLA70/30 scaffolds mimic some of the physical and biochemical characteristics of the NSC niche. Overall, our results show that the endogenous CNS is capable of regeneration through the in vivo dedifferentiation induced by biophysical and metabolic cues, with no need for exogenous cells, growth factors, or genetic manipulation.Las lesiones cerebrales son causas comunes de discapacidad que conllevan pérdida de tejido nervioso debido a la degeneración secundaria, la gliosis, y con frecuencia la formación de cavidades que inhiben el crecimiento neuronal. Recientemente, las terapias neuroregenerativas se han centrado en el uso de la ingeniería de materiales. Durante el desarrollo del SNC, las células de glia radial son las principales CMN que generan neuronas y glía y son retenidas en el cerebro adulto de especies que regeneran. Durante la neurogénesis temprana, los vasos sanguíneos invaden el SNC e interactúan con las CMN, dando lugar al nicho neurovascular. En el cerebro adulto, la glia radial puede ser recuperada al menos en cierta medida después de una lesión, lo que indica un intento endógeno en la reconstitución del nicho embrionario. Las células de glía radial son bipolares con 1-2 micras de espesor que forman una empalizada que abarca todo el parénquima del SNC sirviendo como sustrato para la migración neuronal. Esta glía radial contiene altos niveles de glucógeno liberando al exterior L-lactato. El metabolismo energético cerebral es un proceso altamente compartimentado y complejo. El cerebro adulto normalmente usa glucosa como fuente de energía primaria. Sin embargo, antes e inmediatamente después del nacimiento, el lactato es también una fuente de energía importante, debido a que los niveles de glucosa son bajos. En la última década, se ha visto que el lactato juega un papel importante como factor energético para las neuronas, no sólo durante el período perinatal sino también en la edad adulta. Nuevas evidencias sugieren que el metabolismo de las CMN, neuronas y astrocitos son diferentes y que los procesos dependientes de energía pueden influir en el equilibrio entre la auto-renovación y diferenciación de las CMN. El objetivo principal de esta tesis ha sido diseñar un andamio implantable que reprodujera la organización y función de soporte de la glía radial embrionaria. Para ello, hemos probado dos tipos de ácido poli L/DL láctico (PLA95/5 y PLA70/30), material biodegradable y permisivo para la adhesión y el crecimiento neuronal. Las películas de PLA95/5 eran cristalinas, rígidas (GPa), y no se degradaban significativamente en el período analizado durante el cultivo in vitro. Sin embargo, las películas de PLA70/30 eran más amorfas, menos rígidas (MPa) y se degradaban más rápido, liberando cantidades significativas de lactato en el medio. A diferencia del PLA95/5, en el 70/30 había una mejor adhesión neuronal, así como la proliferación y el mantenimiento de los progenitores neuronales y gliales in vitro. Finalmente, para los estudios in vivo, diseñamos andamios biomiméticos en 3D libres de células que consistían en nanofibras de PLA70/30. Los andamios radialmente alineados reproducían la organización 3D y la función de apoyo de la glía radial. Estos andamios implantados en la corteza cerebral del ratón ayudaron a la completa vascularización del implante, permitiendo la supervivencia y la integración a largo plazo de las neuronas recién generadas. Nuestros resultados sugieren que los andamios de PLA70/30 imitan algunas de las características físicas y bioquímicas del nicho neurovascular. En conclusión, nuestros resultados muestran que el SNC es capaz de regenerar de manera endógena a través de la des-diferenciación in vivo inducida por las señales biofísicas y metabólicas, sin necesidad de células exógenas, factores de crecimiento o manipulación genética
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Wiberg-Itzel, Eva. "Lactate determination in ante- and intrapartum surveillance /." Stockholm, 2007. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2007/978-91-7357-213-2/.
Full text
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Mulholland, Hilary G. (Hilary Grace). "Understanding lactate in an intensive care setting." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/100638.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis: M. Eng. in Computer Science and Molecular Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2015.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 73-74).
We investigated the relationship between initial lactate levels and ICU patient outcomes using the MIMIC II (version 2.6) database. We divided ICU admissions based on their initial lactate measurement into three groups: admissions with high lactate (above 4.0 mmol/L), admissions with medium lactate (between 2.0 mmol/L and 4.0 mmol/L), and admissions with low lactate (below 2.0 mmol/L). In addition to the ICU population as a whole, we studied sepsis patients using three different criteria (Martin, Angus, and infection with SIRS). We found that increased lactate levels were associated with a higher ICU mortality, higher 30 day mortality, longer ICU length of stay, and higher SOFA and SAPS I severity scores in all ICU admissions and in all three sepsis cohorts. Sepsis patients with high initial lactate levels were the most severely ill of all the patient populations. Sepsis patients identified with the Martin criteria who had high lactate levels had the worst outcomes of the three sepsis cohorts, but had similar average severity scores. This suggests that knowing lactate levels may give predictive value in addition to severity scores. We also investigated the relationship between initial lactate, change in lactate from the first measurement to the second measurement, and ICU mortality. We found that patients with high initial lactate levels in combination with an increase in lactate level typically had poorer outcomes than patients with high initial lactate levels with a decrease in lactate level.
by Hilary G. Mulholland.
M. Eng. in Computer Science and Molecular Biology
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Groussard, Carole. "Stress oxydatif, exercice de sprint et lactate." Rennes 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001REN20030.
Full textAbstract:
De nombreux travaux ont démontré que l'exercice aérobie prolongé et exhaustif peut induire un stress oxydatif pour l'organisme (Dillard et coll. , 1978, Lovlin et coll. , 1987). Le principal facteur responsable est l'augmentation importante de la consommation d'oxygène dont une partie est déviée vers la formation d'espèces radicalaires. Les données concernant les effets d'un exercice bref et intense sollicitant le métabolisme anaérobie sont, chez l'homme, très rares et ne permettent pas de conclure (Marzatico et coll. , 1997, Ortenblad et coll. , 1997). L'objectif de ce travail est d'étudier l'effet d'un exercice bref et intense de 30-s (l'épreuve de Wingate) sur les marqueurs du stress oxydatif (radicaux lipidiques et TBARS) et sur le système sanguin antioxydant (SOD, GPx, GSH, acide urique et statut vitaminique). Il précise également le rôle du lactate dans l'apparition du SO induit par l'exercice ainsi que l'importance d'un apport satisfaisant en antioxydants dans la prévention du stress oxydatif induit par l'exercice aigu ou chronique. Ce travail montre qu'une épreuve de Wingate entraîne un stress oxydatif caractérisé par une surproduction de radicaux lipidiques et une altération du statut antioxydant sanguin. Le MDA, marqueur de la péroxydation lipidique classiquement utilisé dans l'exercice aérobie, n'est pas un bon indicateur du SO, dans ce cas. Le lactate, produit en grande quantité dans ce type d'exercice, n'intervient pas dans l'apparition des radicaux lipidiques puisqu'il exerce, in vitro, un effet antioxydant en piègeant l'anion superoxyde et le radical hydroxyle. Ce travail rapporte une carence d'apport en antioxydants dans la population sportive. Ces carences d'apport pourraient expliquer les faibles concentrations plasmatiques d'antioxydants non-enzymatiques observées, au repos, chez les sportifs et pourraient contribuer à accentuer l'altération du statut antioxydant plasmatique non-enzymatique, en réponse à l'exercice. Ce travail suggère enfin que l'altération du statut antioxydant plasmatique majore le risque de SO chronique au repos, et cela d'autant plus que l'aptitude physique des sujets est élevéeNumerous studies over the past few decades have demonstrated that aerobic exercise, if strenuous enough, induces an oxidative stress. Several factors may be involved in this free radical generation during aerobic exercise but the most important during such exercise is the important increase in oxygen consumption. Yet the effects of sprint anaerobic exercise on oxidative stress markers have not been fully clarified. Few studies have investigated this hypothesis and the existing data in humans are conflicting. Thus, the main purpose of this study was to detect an oxidative stress in human blood after a very brief and intense cycle-sprint exercise (the Wingate test) by measuring plasma lipid peroxidation markers (serum lipid radicals detected by ESR spectroscopy and plasma TBARS) and blood antioxidant system (SOD, GPx, GSH, uric acid and vitamin status). Lactate effect on free radical production and dietary antioxidant intake on oxidative stress induced by acute or chronic exercise will also be examinate. This study indicates that sprint anaerobic exercise increases lipid radical production and alteres the antioxidant status. However plasma TBARS is not a suitable marker in such exercise. Moreover, this study provides evidences that lactate ion, which is produced in a great amount during sprint exercise, may act as a good antioxydant. In vitro, it has been demonstrated to directly scavenge O2°- and °OH. Analysis of the daily antioxidant vitamin intake indicates a deficiency in antioxidant vitamin intake. This deficiency may be one explanation for the low plasma non-enzymatic antioxydant status observed at rest and may contribute to the alteration in plasma non-enzymatic antioxidant status in response to acute exercise. Finally, it seems that a low plasma non-enzymatic antioxidant status at rest increases the risk of chronic oxidative stress at rest, expecially in subjects who exibit a high phisical fitness level
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Hanley, Jacqui-Ann. "The effect of lactate on myometrial contractility." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2013. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/14253/.
Full textAbstract:
Strong coordinated uterine contractions are needed in labour and the mechanisms that govern this are well understood. However when these contractions are weak or uncoordinated, labour cannot progress normally. This is termed dysfunctional labour and it accounts for ~20% of all caesarean sections (CS) in the UK. Currently the only treatment available is oxytocin, however this does not reduce the incidence of CS. Lactate is significantly increased in myometrial capillary blood during dystocia suggesting it may be impairing force production, but there are no functional data on the effect of lactate on myometrial contractility. The aims of this work were to a) investigate the effect of lactate and its mechanism of action on myometrial contractility using both human myometrium and an animal model. The effect on spontaneous and oxytocin-stimulated contractions was also examined and b) investigate the presence of lactate transporters MCT-1 and MCT-4 in rat myometrium throughout gestation and in human myometrium was looked at. Lactate, dose-dependently and significantly, decreased spontaneous contractility in rat and human myometrium. Weak acids butyrate, propionate, and pyruvate also significantly reduced contractions in a dose-dependent manner. The effects of lactate were reduced in the presence of oxytocin but not abolished. The effect on pregnant myometrium was greater than in non-pregnant, and was shown to increase towards term in the animal model. In labouring myometrium, there was little effect of lactate on contractility. Using the animal model to investigate lactate’s mechanism in the myometrium, tissue strips were loaded with either Indo-1 AM (a Ca2+ sensitive indicator) or Carboxy SNARF-AM (a pH sensitive indicator). Lactate inhibited Ca2+ transients and had little effect on force when a Ca2+ channel agonist was present. Lactate decreased pHi in a dose dependent manner and this drop in pHi was reduced when the tissue was stimulated by oxytocin or in labour. Both MCT-1 and MCT-4 were found to be present in rat and human myometrium, with MCT-1 at a higher amount in pregnant myometrium. From this work I have shown that lactate in the physiological range potently decreases spontaneous contractility in both rat and human myometrium. The effects of lactate were reduced in the presence of oxytocin or labour but still produced significant decreases and this may be due the difference in alteration of pHi. Other weak acids produce similar effects to lactate suggesting its mechanism of action is not via lactate’s role in metabolism. Lactate inhibited Ca2+ transients, which could be due to a fall of pHi, as it has previously been demonstrated that intracellular acidification decreases Ca2+ current through L-type Ca2+ channels. The difference in MCT-1 and MCT-4 expression between non-pregnant and pregnant tissue may indicate a role in labour. I suggest that differences in myometrial lactate in women can lead to accumulation of extracellular lactate, which as we have shown, will reduce myometrial contractions and could therefore contribute to dysfunctional labour.
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Peeters, Mon Jef. "The effect of recovery strategies on high-intensity exercise performance and lactate clearance." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/2735.
Full textAbstract:
PURPOSE: To compare the effects of recovery intensity on performance of a bicycle sprint task
and blood La⁻ clearance. METHODS: On three separate days twelve trained male subjects (27.4
± 3.9 yrs) performed three supramaximal exercise (SE) bouts at 120% of maximum aerobic
power (MAP) for 60% of the time to exhaustion (TTE). Bouts were separated by 5 mm of
passive recovery (PR), active recovery (AR) or combined active recovery (CAR). The third bout
was followed by a 14 mm recovery. Recovery intensities were: PR (rest), AR at 50% of the
workload difference between the individual anaerobic threshold (IAT) and the individual
ventilatory threshold (IVT) below the IVT ( ₋50%ΔT), or CAR at the IAT workload for 5 mm
and at the ₋50%ΔT workload for 9 mm. Five 10 s sprints were performed 2 mm post-recovery.
Blood lactate (La⁻) concentration, power parameters (Peak Power (PP), Mean Power (MP),
Fatigue Index (Fl), and Total Work (TW)), Heart Rate (HR), and Oxygen Uptake (VO₂) were
compared using repeated-measures ANOVA. Pairwise comparisons and dependent T-tests were
performed to analyze differences. RESULTS: Mean La⁻ values for AR and CAR were lower
than PR (9.7 ± 3.5, 9.5 + 3.5, 11.7 + 3.6, respectively, p≤0.05). La⁻ was significantly lower with
CAR versus PR at the 3rd, 6th, 9th, and 14th mm of recovery (p≤0.05). AR versus PR La⁻ was
lower at the 3rd, 6th, 9th, and 14th min of recovery (p≤0.05). Mean MP was greater in the AR group
compared to the PR group (800.1 ± 114.5 vs 782.2 ± 111.7 W, p≤0.05). TW during AR was
greater than PR (p≤0.05) but not CAR (p≤0.05, 40003.3 ± 5110.2, 39108.3 ± 4852.9, 39335.8 ±
5022.6 J, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: AR and CAR both demonstrated improved La⁻
clearance when compared to PR, but differences in La⁻ clearance did not determine performance
on the sprint task. AR resulted in more TW than PR and greater maintenance of power over the sprints.
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Sanchez, Paulo José. "Avaliação do desempenho em equinos suplementado com coenzima Q10." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10135/tde-08042015-113247/.
Full textAbstract:
Com o objetivo de se investigar o efeito da suplementação de coenzima Q10 sobre o desempenho de equinos em treinamento aeróbio, foram utilizados dez equinos do sexo masculino, castrados, da raça Puro Sangue Árabe, com idade de 48±8,15 meses e peso 473±34,75 kg, divididos em grupo controle (GC) e grupo suplementado (GS). O experimento foi conduzido no Laboratório de Pesquisa em Alimentação e Fisiologia do Exercício de Equinos (LABEQUI), pertencente à FMVZ-USP, no Campus Administrativo de Pirassununga, São Paulo, adotando-se o consumo diário individual de 2% do peso corpóreo, com base na matéria seca, sendo 50% de volumoso composto por feno de gramínea e 50% de concentrado comercial. Os animais inseridos no grupo suplementado (GS) receberam individualmente a inclusão diária de 800mg de coenzima Q10 adicionado à dieta de concentrado durante os 90 dias de experimento. Todos os animais foram exercitados cinco vezes por semana, durante sessenta minutos, na velocidade máxima de 15 km/h, em exercitador circular mecânico para cavalos, controlado eletronicamente. Durante o experimento foram realizados análise hematológica e bioquímica (AST, CK e LDH), mensuração da curva de glicose e de lactato, monitoramento da frequência cardíaca e sudorese dos equinos. Foi utilizado o delineamento inteiramente casualizado com medidas repetidas no tempo, com dados estatisticamente significantes sendo submetidos à análise de regressão. Através das análises hematológicas, bioquímicas, da curva glicose e de lactato, pode-se observar a higidez e a adaptação dos animais frente ao protocolo de treinamento. O grupo suplementado apresentou efeito de tratamento para a enzima creatinaquinase, e apresentou menor oscilação da frequência cardíaca e da taxa de sudação. Conclui-se que a suplementação de equinos atletas com coenzima Q10 submetidos a exercício aeróbio influenciou no desempenho atlético dos cavalosWith the goal of investigating the effect of Coenzyme Q10 supplementation on the performance of equines subject to aerobic exercise, ten pure Arabian geldings, aged 48±8,15 months and weighing 473±34,75 kg were divided into control group (GC) and supplemented group (GS). The experiment was performed at LABEQUI - Equine Nutrition and Exercise Physiology Research Laboratory, which belongs to FMVZ - USP, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science of USP (São Paulo University), which belongs to Campus Pirassununga. Individual intake of food was considered 2% of body weight, of which 50% corresponded to grass hay and 50% to commercial pelleted concentrate. The horses in the supplemented group (GS) received a daily inclusion of 800 mg of coenzyme Q10, added to the concentrated food during the 80 days of the experiment. All animals were exercised five days per week, during sixty minutes, at a top speed of 15 km/h, in a electronically controlled circular mechanical walker. During the experiment, blood tests and biochemical analysis (AST, CK, and LDH) were conducted, as well as measurements of glucose and lactate curves and monitoring of heart frequency and perspiration. The method used was totally casual lineation with measures repeated in time, with statistically significant data being submitted to regression analysis. Animals’ healthiness and adaptation to the training protocol could be observed through hematological and biochemical analysis and glycemic and lactate curves. The supplemented group showed a treatment effect for the enzyme creatinekinase, and showed less fluctuation in heart rate and sweating rate.. It was concluded that supplementation with coenzyme Q10 of equine athletes submitted to aerobic exercise had a positive effect on the athletic performance of the horses
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Mota, Thaís Pagotti. "Tipos de desaquecimentos na recuperação de cavalos Quarto de Milha submetidos à prova de tambor." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/74/74131/tde-22022017-111739/.
Full textAbstract:
Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito do método de desaquecimento sobre a recuperação de cavalos submetidos a prova de tambor, foram utilizados 10 equinos adultos, da raça Quarto de Milha treinados para prova de tambor. O treinamento dos animais foi acompanhado por 30 dias e consistiu de 3 seções de treinamento semanal com duração média de uma hora, acompanhados de cinco minutos de desaquecimento a passo. Para a avaliação dos métodos de desaquecimento, os cavalos fora submetidos a simulações da prova de três tambores. O protocolo foi divido em dois métodos de desaquecimento: 5 minutos de trote e 5 minutos de passo ou 10 minutos ao passo. Todos os animais foram submetidos aos dois métodos de desaquecimento em períodos distintos. A frequência cardíaca foi aferida através de frequencímetro portátil fixado na cilha da sela do animal, nos tempos: antes do exercício, antes e ao término de cada etapa do protocolo descrito acima e imediatamente após a passagem pelo tambor, imediatamente após o desaquecimento, 2; 4 e 6 minutos após o desaquecimento, após a retirada da sela e após a ducha. As amostras de sangue foram coletadas por meio de venopunção da jugular, nos tempos: antes do exercício, imediatamente após a passagem pelo tambor; 2; 4; 6 minutos e 6; 24; 48 e 72 horas, para as concentrações de glicose e lactato. Para o acompanhar a atividade das enzimas musculares (CK, AST e LDH) foram coletadas amostras de sangue nos tempos: antes do exercício, após a passagem pelo tambor, 6 minutos e 6; 24; 48 e 72 horas após o desaquecimento. Para a determinação das variáveis: glicose, lactato e as enzimas creatinaquinase, lactato desidrogenase e aspartato aminotransferase foram utilizados kits bioquímicos, lidos por espectrofotômetro semi automático. No decorrer do aquecimento dos animais, foi observado aumento progressivo da frequência cardíaca (FC) conforme aumentava-se a velocidade. A FC atingida após a passagem pelo tambor foi em média de 167,25 ± 32,64 (bpm). Foi observado efeito do método de desaquecimento (p<0,05) sobre a frequência cárdica, com ajuste linear da regressão (y=88,87-2,1804x) para desaquecimento a passo e ajuste quadrático para o desaquecimento a trote e passo (y= 97,6-7,811x+0,4154 x2). Não foi observado efeito (p>0,05) do método de aquecimento e tempos de coleta sobre a atividade das enzimas CK, AST e LDH. Não foi observado efeito (p>0,05) do método de desaquecimento sobre a concentração sanguínea de glicose e lactato porém foi observado efeito do tempo de coleta (p<0,05). Na coleta de 24 horas após o exercício, observou-se concentração sanguínea de lactato dos animais desaquecidos ao trote e passo foi de 0,68±0,7mmol/l enquanto que os cavalos desaquecidos ao passo apresentaram 1,13 ± 0,81mmol/L. O desaquecimento do cavalo de tambor é importante para a sua recuperação. Cavalos desaquecidos utilizando trote e passo aparentam ter recuperação mais efetiva em 24 horas, favorecendo a realização de atividades em dias seguidos, como é pratica desta modalidade equestre. Este trabalho pode ser utilizado com base para o desenvolvimento de programas de treinamento de cavalos desta modalidade para garantir melhor desempenho e recuperação.In order to evaluate the effect of cooling down method on the recovery of horses subjected to barrel racing, ten adult Quarter horse breed horses were used, trained to barrel test. The animals training was monitored for 30 days and consisted of three weekly training sessions with an average duration of one hour, followed five minutes of slowdown by step. For the evaluation of the slowdown methods, the horses had been submitted to simulations of three barrel tests. The protocol was divided into two methods of slowdown: 5 minutes trotting and 5 or 10 minutes by step. All animals were submitted to both slowdown methods in different periods. Heart rate was measured using a portable frequency meter fixed on the animal\'s saddle at the times: before exercise, before and at the end of each protocol step described above and immediately after passage through the barrel immediately after the slowdown, 2; 4 e 6 minutes after slowdown, after removing the saddle and after the shower. Blood samples were collected by venipuncture of the jugular at the time: before exercise, immediately after passage through the barrel; 2; 4; 6 minutes and 6; 24; 48 and 72 hours, for concentrations of glucose and lactate analysis. To monitor the activity of the muscle enzyme (CK, AST and LDH) blood samples were collected at the times: before exercise, after passing through the barrel, 6 minutes and 6; 24; 48 and 72 hours after the cooling. To determine the variables: glucose, lactate, creatine kinase enzymes, lactate dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransferase biochemical kits were used, read by semi automatic spectrophotometer. During the animals heating, a progressive increase in heart rate (HR) was observed as the speed increasing. The HR reached after passage through the barrel was on averaged 167.25 (bpm). It was observed effect of slowdown method (p <0.05) on the HR with linear regression adjustment (y = 88,87-2,1804x) to slowdown by step and quadratic adjustment for trotting and step slowdown (97,6-7,811x + 0.4154 y = x2). There was no effect (p> 0.05) of the heating method and collection times on the activity of CK, AST and LDH. There was no effect (p> 0.05) of the slowsown method on blood glucose and lactate but there was an effect of collection time (p <0.05). At 24 hours after exercise, the blood lactate concentration of the slowdown animals at trot and step was 0.68 mmol / l while the cooled-down horses while had 1.13 mmol / l. The barrel horse slowdown is very important for it\' recovery. slowdown horses using trot and step seem to have more effective recovery within 24 hours, favoring the performance of activities in consecutive days, as is practiced in this equestrian modality. This study can be used as basis for the development of horse training programs of this modality to ensure optimum performance and recovery.
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Christopher, Mary Elizabeth. "Characterization of hypoxically induced lactate dehydrogenase in maize." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq22968.pdf.
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Wiberg-Itzel, Eva. "Ante partum determination of lactate in amniotic fluid /." Stockholm, 2005. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2005/91-7140-370-1/.
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Anderson, Cindy S. "Ventilatory and lactate thresholds in boys and men." Virtual Press, 2001. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1222827.
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The purpose of this study was to examine VT and LT in boys and men. Eight boys (10-11 years) and nine men (18-30 years) completed a graded exercise test on a cycle ergometer. A two-way (group x threshold) ANOVA compared physiological responses (V02 1/min and ml/kg/min, percentage of V02max, and HR) at VT and LT. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. No significant interaction was observed. Significant main effects for group included a higher V02 (1/min) in the men, and a higher percentage of VO2max in the boys. Significant main effects for threshold showed all variables were greater at VT than LT. Within each group, all variables were significantly higher at VT than LT. For the boys and all subjects together, significant correlations between thresholds were observed for V02 (1/min and ml/kg/min) and HR, but not percentage of VO2max. For the men alone, no significant correlations were found. Together, these results suggest that physiological changes associated with LT may contribute to the onset of VT, and the occurrence of the thresholds (expressed as a percentage of VO2max) declines with maturation.School of Physical Education
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Bradley, John Lyn. "Lactate production and the redox state of muscle." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1997. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2859/.
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In this thesis, the wrist flexors of a single forearm (representing a small muscle group) carried out a series of flexion exercises at easy, moderate, and maximal intensities at first alone, then repeated superimposed on top of bilateral supine cycling (representing a large muscle group). Blood flow was measured in the excising and resting forearms. Arterialised venous blood, and venous blood effluxing the exercising forearm were also sampled to give an indication of net lactate movement across the working muscle. There was only non-significant evidence of a reduction in the forearm blood flow as the leg exercise intensity increased. This was attributed to the supine position of the exercise causing greater perfusion of the forearm muscles than would be achieved in an upright subject. The blood lactate concentrations showed a net lactate output from the forearm when exercising alone. As leg exercise intensity increased arterial blood lactate concentration rose and the exercising forearm changed to net lactate uptake. The exercising forearm muscles exhibited net uptake, or no net lactate movement, even when working maximally. This was when the arterial lactate concentration was above 7 mmol.1-1, presumably causing the blood-muscle lactate concentration gradient to be towards the muscle. The fact that lactate could go into the muscle in conditions of maximum metabolic challenge when the blood flow may have been compromised seemed to refute any possibility of lactate production being due to oxygen starvation. This then led to the question of whether the muscle ever becomes oxygen-limited in exercise. The technique of Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) which can monitor the oxidation state of haemoglobin and cytochrome oxidase non-invasively in tissue was applied to the problem. Cytochrome oxidase is the only point in aerobic metabolism that makes direct use of oxygen, so will be the point at which any shortfall will be most apparent. NIRS of the forearm muscle was carried out during isometric handgrip exercise in conditions of normoxia, hyperoxia, and hypoxia, with free blood flow to the forearm muscle or with flow occluded using a brachial cuff. No effect was seen on the cytochrome oxidase in the non-occluded bouts of exercise.
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Gilmour, Martin. "Lactate utilisation in the rumen bacterium Selenomonas ruminantium." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/1379.
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Higham, Christopher W. "A study of lactate dehydrogenase from Plasmodium falciparum." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.299529.
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Ben, Yahia Leila. "Étude du dialogue hôte/bactéries lactiques du yaourt chez des rats gnotobiotiques." Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AGPT0028/document.
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L'amélioration de la digestion de lactose est une allégation "santé" liée aux ferments viviants du yaourt : Streptococcus thermophilus (S. thermophilus) et Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus (L. bulgaricus) validée par l'EFSA en 2010. La physiologie de S. thermophilus et de L. bulgaricus est connue dans le lait et particulièrement le yaourt, alors qu'elle n'a été que peu étudiée dans le tractus digestif (TD). Mon travail de thèse est basé sur l'hypothèse de travail suivante : l'utilisation de modèles animaux gnotobiotiques permet de mieux connaître la physiologie des bactéries lactiques et de proposer des mécanismes d'action de leurs effets "santé". La stratégie a donc été d'obtenir des animaux mono-associés avec chacune des deux bactéries du yaourt ou les deux en même temps. Les principaux résultats obtenus sont : 1/ S. thermophilus colonise le TD en s'adaptant progressivement à l'environnement colique et y induit une glycolyse massive et une production de lactate. La glycolyse est la signature majeure de S. thermophilus dans le TD et le lactate pourrait être est la molécule "signal" qui induit une réponse chez l'hôte par une augmentation des transporteurs de mono-carboxylates (SLC16A1 et SLC5A8) et d'une protéine impliquée dans l'arrêt du cycle cellulaire p27kip1. 2/ L'apport de lactose stimule la colonisation du TD, la glycolyse ainsi que la production de L-lactate par S. thermophilus in vivo. 3/ Contrairement à ce qui est observé pour S. thermophilus, L. bulgaricus ne s'implante pas en absence de lactose. Quand les deux bactéries sont en co-culture, S. thermophilus est toujours avantagé numériquement par rapport à L. bulgaricus aussi bien in vitro qu' in vivo. Au niveau nutritionnel, tous nos résultats sont cohérents avec les allégations "santé" du yaourt avec un effet prébiotique du lactose. L'étude d'animaux gnotobiotiques a permis de proposer des nouvelles voies de régulation du métabolisme des sucres de bactéries lactiques et de nouvelles voies moléculaires (via le lactate) par lesquelles des bactéries lactiques et de nouvelles voies moléculaires (via le lactate) par lesquelles des bactéries lactiques pourraient influencer la physiologie de l'hôte*
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Lopes, Charles Ricardo. "Cinética de remoção de lactato na definição de pausas para treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/274724.
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Orientador: Denise Vaz de MacedoTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Física
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Resumo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi observar as adaptações promovidas pelo treinamento intervalado (TI) com diferentes tempos de pausas passivas. Vinte indivíduos fisicamente ativos, estudantes de Educação Física, foram divididos em dois grupos (G1 e G2) e submetidos a 14 sessões de TI. O protocolo de treino consistiu de sprints de 40 segundos em intensidade áxima, com pausa de 2 minutos entre os mesmos para o G1 e 5 para o G2. O volume dos sprints foi gradativamente incrementado ao longo das sessões seguindo o seguinte padrão: 4 sprints da 1ª a 3ª, 6 da 4ª a 6ª, e 8 da 7ª a 14ª sessão. Foram avaliados desempenho no teste 40 segundos (40s), as velocidades de limiar ventilatório (vLV), ponto de compensação respiratória (vPCR), e de consumo máximo de oxigênio (vVO2máx.), o consumo máximo de oxigênio (VO2máx.), composição corporal (CC), séries branca e vermelha, e a cinética de remoção do lactato frente ao 40s (CRL). A CC, CRL, série vermelha e branca foram acessadas na semana anterior ao início do programa, e uma semana após o término do mesmo (7D). A vLV, vPCR, vVO2máx, o VO2máx, e o 40s também foram acessados 14 dias após o término do programa de treinamento (14D). Como resultados observamos que os dois grupos aumentaram significativamente o desempenho no 40s em 7D e 14D; Não houve alterações significantes nas séries vermelha e branca; Três sujeitos do G1 aumentaram significantemente a vLV em 7D, enquanto que quatro não apresentaram alteração, e um diminuiu; Cinco sujeitos no G2 aumentaram significantemente a vLV no momento 7D, mas três não, sendo que um diminuiu sua vLV; Para a vPCR quatro sujeitos do G1 exibiram aumento significante, um sujeito diminuiu, e três não sofreram alterações em 7D.; Seis sujeitos no G2 exibiram maior vPCR, dois não exibiram alteração, e um diminuiu no momento 7D; A vVO2max aumentou em apenas um sujeito do G1 e não se alterou nos demais; Três sujeitos no G2 exibiram aumento na vVO2max e seis mantiveram em 7D. Levando-se em comparação os valores de erro típico inerente ao protocolo para vLV (ET=0,62km/h), vPCR (ET=0,35km/h) e vVO2max (ET=0,43km/h), podemos observar que o número de sujeitos com aumento significativo na resposta no momento 14D aumentou em todas as variáveis, sugerindo uma supercompensação dos efeitos do treino intervalado de alta intensidade nesses parâmetros após duas semanas de descanso. Não observamos alterações significantes no Tmax para G1 e G2, sem nenhuma alteração significante para o Lacmax. Nossos resultados sugerem que a manipulação no tempo de pausa em treinamentos intervalados de alta intensidade pode influenciar na magnitude das adaptações ao treinamento
Abstract: The aim of this study was to observe the adaptations promoted by the interval training with different rest intervals. Twenty individuals physically active and physical education students were divided into two groups (G1 and G2) and underwent into 14 interval training sessions. Training protocol consisted of sprints of 40 seconds at maximum intensity, with 2 minutes of rest interval for G1 and 5 minutes for G2. The sprints volume was gradually increased throughout the sessions as follow: 4 sprints from 1ª to 3ª, 6 from 4ª to 6ª, and 8 from 7ª to 14ª session. We have evaluated the performance in the 40 seconds test (40s), the velocities of the ventilatory threshold (VLV) and respiratory compensation point (VPCR), and of maximal oxygen consumption (vVO2max.), the maximum oxygen consumption itself (VO2max), body composition (CC), hematological markers, and the kinetics of lactate removal in the 40s (CRL). CC, CRL, and blood samples were accessed one week before the beginning training (Pre), and one week after the end of the program (7D). The vLV, vPCR, vVO2máx, o VO2máx, and 40s were also accessed 14 days after the completion of the training program (14D). Our main findings were: significant changes in 40s performance were observed at 7D and 14D for both groups, however the magnitude of the increase for the G2 at 14D was significantly higher than the G1; No significant changes were observed in red and white cells number; three subjects in G1 increased significantly the vLV at 7D, however four do not present changes for this variable, and one decreased; five subjects in G2 increased significantly the vLV at 7D, however three did not present changes for this variable, and one decreased; four subjects in G1 increased significantly the vPCR at 7D, one decreased and three did not presented any significant change; six subjects in G2 increased significantly the vPCR at 7D, but two did not present any significant change and one decreased; only one subject of G1 increased the vVO2max, meanwhile in G2 three subjects increased significantly and six remained at 7D; taking into consideration the typical error for the vLV protocol (ET=0,62km/h), vPCR (ET=0,35km/h) and vVO2max(ET=0,43km/h), we observed that the number of subjects with significant increases at 14D was greater for a all variables analyzed, suggesting a supercompensation effect of the high intensity interval training after two weeks of rest; No significant changes were observed in Tmax for G1 and G2, with no significant changes were observed for Lacmax in both groups. Our results suggest that rest interval manipulations during high intensity can influence the magnitude of training adaptations
Doutorado
Biodinamica do Movimento Humano
Doutor em Educação Física
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Biade, Azzeddine. "Inversion de chiralité du L. Lactate par un procédé générique couplant catalyse enzymatique et réactions électrochimiques." Compiègne, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994COMPD701.
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L'inversion de chiralité du L. Lactate a été obtenue avec un rendement supérieur à 97%. Le procèdé couple la stéréosélectivité de l'oxydation du L. Lactate catalysée par la L. Lactate déshydrogénase à deux réactions électrochimiques : la régénération de NAD + à l'anode et la réduction électrochimique du pyruvate à la cathode. Cette approche peut être étendue à la déracémisation ou à l'inversion d'-acide- alcools ou d'aminoacides chiraux si la déshydrogénase concernée est disponible. La désactivation de l'enzyme ou du coenzyme ne constituent pas des étapes limitantes pour le procédé. C'est la vitesse de réduction électrochimique de l'-ceto-carboxylate qui régit cinétiquement le système.
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Dempster, Sally. "Lactate dehydrogenase : studies towards the design, synthesis and co-crystallisation of bisubstrate inhibitors." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.594762.
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Knight, Timothy David. "Evaluation of frankfurters formulated with potassium lactate and sodium diacetate and innocualted with Listeria monocytogenes before and after irradiation treatment." Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/3923.
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Microbial safety and quality attributes were evaluated for frankfurters formulated
with potassium lactate/sodium diacetate (0 or 3%) and inoculated with a four-strain
Listeria monocytogenes cocktail before and after treatment with pasteurizing doses of
irradiation (0, 1.8, or 2.6 kGy). Frankfurters were inoculated after irradiation and stored
aerobically for 4 wk at 4 °C to simulate the product becoming contaminated after
opening, or they were inoculated prior to vacuum packaging and stored for 8 wk at 4 °C.
Incorporation of lactate/diacetate into frankfurter formulations with or without
irradiation had a strong listeriostatic effect throughout 4 wk of aerobic storage. Total
microbial counts for frankfurters formulated with lactate/diacetate remained constant
throughout storage while those without increased steadily (5.4 to 9.3 log cfu). Over 4 wk
of storage, the outgrowth of L. monocytogenes on frankfurters formulated with
lactate/diacetate was effectively suppressed and counts were not significantly different
from initial counts (5.2 vs. 5.0 log cfu, respectively). Irradiation treatments alone had
significantly higher L. monocytogenes counts after 3 wk of storage. Both treatments together or alone were not detrimental to sensory aroma or flavor attributes.
Meaty/brothy complex, smoke, spice aroma, springiness, and cohesiveness attributes
were judged slightly lower for frankfurters formulated without lactate/diacetate than
those with lactate/diacetate at the end of aerobic storage. Sensory color was not
dramatically influenced by either treatment, however, L*a*b* values of all treatments
decreased slightly during storage.
Both the addition of lactate/diacetate to a frankfurter formulation and irradiation
were effective towards controlling microbial growth of L. monocytogenes in an
unopened vacuum package after 8 wk of storage. Large and incremental reductions in
total microbial counts were seen with irradiation treatment, which were maintained
throughout storage with lactate/diacetate treated frankfurters. There were fewer
influences on sensory characteristics for vacuum packaged frankfurters compared to
those aerobically packaged.
Overall, lactate/diacetate addition and irradiation to a lesser extent were effective
towards retarding the outgrowth L. monocytogenes on frankfurters while maintaining
quality attributes throughout aerobic storage. The combination of irradiation and
lactate/diacetate were effective for reducing and retarding growth of L. monocytogenes
and especially during the last two weeks of vacuum packaged storage.
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Jackson, Vicky Neesa. "Kinetic and molecular characterisation of monocarboxylate transporters in mammalian cells." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.336823.
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Dourado, Amândio José Soares. "Estudo de variações de gasometria venosa e indicadores de perfusão em canídeos em síndrome choque." Bachelor's thesis, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/3059.
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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina VeterináriaA síndrome choque é uma emergência comum em medicina veterinária, exigindo uma necessidade absoluta de monitorização e avaliação permanente destes pacientes. O choque pode ser definido como um estado em que a entrega de oxigénio às células é insuficiente originando défices de produção de energia celular devido à diminuição da perfusão tecidual. O seu diagnóstico é efectuado com base na história e exame clínico usando parâmetros físicos indicativos do estado de perfusão como frequência cardíaca, frequência respiratória, TRC, cor das mucosas, temperatura corporal e das extremidades, pulso e estado mental. Perante a necessidade de encontrar parâmetros laboratoriais objectivos para avaliar a perfusão tecidual, pretendemos com este estudo prospectivo avaliar a utilidade da medição da PVO2, em associação com o lactato, como medida de avaliação do estado de perfusão em pacientes hemodinamicamente instáveis. Adicionalmente pretende-se aferir acerca da utilidade da colheita venosa periférica para medição de gases venosos, mais fácil de realizar, mais rápida e menos invasiva do que a colheita arterial. Pretende-se também verificar se existem diferenças significativas de valores e sua correlação entre dois acessos venosos periféricos diferentes (veia safena e veia jugular externa). Foram usados no estudo 14 cães adultos, 7 em síndrome choque e 7 saudáveis, em que se realizaram análises sanguíneas para gasometria e monitorização de pressões arteriais. Os valores de lactato foram significativamente superiores nos pacientes em choque (grupo amostra), comparando ambos os acessos venosos com os do grupo controlo (p<0,05). Não existiram diferenças significativas de valores de lactato obtido entre a veia jugular e safena medidos em pacientes em choque (p>0,05) pelo que a escolha do local para a medição do lactato é indiferente. Em relação aos valores de PVO2, obtidos, verificam-se diferenças significativas entre ambas as veias em pacientes em choque (p<0,05). Os valores de PVO2 não se mostraram significativamente diferentes entre o grupo amostra e o grupo controlo (p>0,05) quando obtidos a partir da veia jugular. Já em relação à veia safena, verificam-se que as diferenças são significativas entre ambos os grupos (p<0,05), sugerindo que em pacientes em choque, o melhor acesso venoso periférico para avaliação da PVO2 será a veia safena. Este estudo precisa de mais investigação e de uma maior amostra para avaliar a precisão da PvO2 na avaliação da hipoperfusão em cães em choque e averiguar a utilidade do acesso venoso periférico para a medição de lactato e PvO2.
ABSTRACT: Study of changes in blood gas and indicators of perfusion in dogs in shock syndrome - The shock syndrome is a common emergency in veterinary medicine, requiring an absolute need for permanent monitoring and evaluation of these patients. Shock syndrome can be defined as a state in which the delivery of oxygen to cells is insufficient which leads to deficits in cellular energy production due to decreased tissue perfusion. The diagnosis is made based on history and clinical examination using physical parameters indicative of the state of perfusion as heart rate, respiratory rate, CRT, mucous membrane color, body temperature and extremities, pulse and mental state. Since there is a need to find objective laboratory markers that reflect the state of perfusion, this study aims to evaluate the usefulness of measuring PVO2 in association with lactate as a measure to assess the state of perfusion in hemodynamically unstable patients. Additionally we intend to assess about the usefulness of peripheral venous blood sampling for measurement of venous gases, much easier to perform, faster and less invasive than arterial blood sampling collection. We also intend to check whether there are significant differences of values and the correlation between two different peripheral venous accesses (saphenous vein and external jugular vein). We studied 14 adult dogs, 7 of which were in shock syndrome and 7 were healthy, and it was done evaluation of blood pressures and arterial blood gas analysis and lactate at the time of entry. The lactate values were significantly higher in patients in shock (sample group), comparing both venous access with the control group (p<0.05). No significant differences in lactate values obtained from the jugular vein and saphenous measured in patients in shock (p>0.05) so the choice of location for the measurement of lactate is indifferent. Regarding PVO2 values obtained, there are significant differences between the two veins in patients in shock (p< 0.05). PVO2 values were not significantly different between the sample group and control group (p>0.05) when obtained from the jugular vein. In relation to the saphenous vein, that there are significant differences between both groups (p<0.05), suggesting that in patients in shock, the best peripheral venous access to evaluate PVO2 is the saphenous vein. This study needs more research and a larger sample to assess the accuracy of PvO2 in the assessment of hypoperfusion in dogs in shock and to investigate whether the use of a peripheral venous access for measurement of lactate and PvO2 may be useful in evaluating these patients. KEYWORDS: hypoperfusion,
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Scheiblin, Gaëtan. "Development of lactate sensors and transfer to printed electronics." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEM013/document.
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Le domaine de la bioélectronique a suscité beaucoup d’intérêt ces dernières décennies grâce à sa capacité à rapprocher les mondes de l’électronique et de la biologie. La découverte dans les années 70 des polymères conducteurs a permis de combler le fossé séparant les deux mondes. Parmi les dispositifs basés sur les polymères conducteurs, les transistors électrochimiques organiques (OECTs) ont été largement utilisés pour des applications biomédicales ou comme biocapteurs. L’amplification intrinsèque apportée par le système en fait une plateforme idéale pour mesurer des signaux soumis à de fortes perturbations. La conformabilité et la flexibilité sont des paramètres clés dans le développement de capteurs implantables ou portés sur la personne. Ainsi des capteurs imprimés flexibles basés sur la technologie OECT sont prometteurs pour ces types d’application. Parmi les métabolites présents dans les fluides biologiques, les lactates sont liés à la fatigue musculaire ou les infections. Détecter ce composant est donc intéressant pour de nombreuses applications. Dans ce travail de thèse, le développement de capteurs de lactate sérigraphiés basés sur la technologie des OECTs est étudié. Une attention particulière est portée sur la possibilité d’obtenir des capteurs tout solide pour des applications portées sur la personne. Sachant que la détection d’ion peut facilement être réalisée avec des OECTs, des travaux ont été menés pour développer des capteurs multi-cibles pour le pH, et les ions Na+ et NH4+. Ces études ouvrent le champ sur des applications de diagnostic rapide en utilisant des circuits complexes intégrant des OECTsThe field of bioelectronics has raised many interest in the past decades due to the fact that it couples the worlds of electronics to biology. The discovery of conducting polymers in the 1970’s allowed to bridge the gap between the two worlds.Among conducting polymer based devices, the organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) has been widely used for biosensing and biomedical applications. The intrinsic amplification provided by the device make it ideal platform to record signals that suffers from low signal to noise ratio. Conformability and flexibility are key parameters for implantable and wearable sensors. Thus flexible printed OECTs based biosensors are promising devices for those applications. Among metabolites present in biological fluids, lactate levels are linked with muscle fatigue or infection. Sensing this metabolite is consequently relevant for many applications. In this work, the development of a screen-printed, OECT based lactate sensor is discussed. An accent was given to obtain a wearable sensor, by designing solid state device. Moreover, since the OECT can be easily transposed to ionic detection, efforts were made towards the development of multianalyte platforms to sense pH, K+ and NH4+ ions. Those development open the way for more complex platforms based on circuits integrating OECTs. Those platforms could be used for rapid diagnostic applications with OECTs
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Diez-Aguirre, Jesus Javier. "A cold-active lactate dehydrogenase from an Antarctic bacterium." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312140.
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Farmahan, Mandip. "Transdermal extraction of glucose and lactate through reverse iontophoresis." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.501665.
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The ability to continuously monitor key blood parameters such as glucose and lactate would benefit a number of patient groups including diabetics and patients in Intensive Care Units. Although many sampling methods are under investigation, few have been found capable of simultaneously and continuously sampling both glucose and lactate minimally-invasively. Therefore it is the aim of this thesis to develop such a device capable of continuously monitoring glucose and lactate. The study and development of such a device provides an important insight into how patients might be monitored in future for a range of parameters. The method selected was transdermal extraction of glucose and lactate by reverse iontophoresis.
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Pearce, J. D. "Production of ammonium lactate in an immobilized cell system." Thesis, Swansea University, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.638436.
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The objective of this work was to develop a continuous immobilized cell reactor system for the high rate production of ammonium lactate using deproteinized whey as a substrate. Further that this system should use techniques other than membranes to retain cells. The fermentation was carried out using a mixed culture of homofermentative thermophilic lactic acid bacteria selected by an enrichment technique. Immobilization was achieved by retaining the culture as a slime-film supported on a needle-punched polyester fabric, placed as a pleated tube in a column reactor. Flocculation was used to obtain further improvements in biomass retention. Two reactors of volume 0.2 litres were used for most of the experiments. The height to diameter ratios of these reactors were 2.2 and 7.3. The latter was designed to encourage flocculation and the diameter at the top was slightly larger, than at the bottom. The pH was continuously controlled by the addition of ammonium lactate. The influences of temperature, pH, residence time and yeast extract (added to the feed) were studied. When both methods of hold up were combined acid productivities up to 18 kg/m3/hr at a conversion rate of 0.95 could be obtained. The system was operated for up to 850 hours without a deterioration in performance.
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Lee, R. J. "Lactic acid metabolism and lactate dehydrogenases of Vibrio species." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.377561.
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Alkhatib, Ahmad. "Interrelationship between blood lactate concentration, carbohydrate, and fat utilisation." Thesis, University of Essex, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.446011.
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Poole, Robert C. "Transport of lactate and pyruvate across mammalian plasma membranes." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.330043.
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Haghayegh, Jahromi Neda, and Gheinani Ali Hashemi. "RNA Silencing of Lactate Dehydrogenase Gene in Rhizopus oryzae." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Ingenjörshögskolan, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-20404.
Full textAbstract:
RNA silencing with direct delivery of siRNA has been used to suppress ldhA gene expression in filamentous fungus Rhizopus oryzae. Here, for the first time we show that, introducing small interfering RNA which consequently forms silencing complexes can alter the gene expression and we report a significant reduction of lactic acid production for isolates containing short (25 nt) synthetic siRNA. In all samples lactic acid production was reduced comparing with wild types. The average concentration of lactic acid production by Rhizopus oryzae during batch fermentation process where glucose has been used as a sole carbon source, diminished from 2.06 g/l in wild types to 0.36 g/l in knockdown samples which signify 5.7 times decrease. Interestingly, the average concentration of ethanol production was increased from 0.38 g/l in wild types to 0.45 g/l in knockdown samples. In some samples we were able to report even a 10 fold decrease in lactic acid production. Since R.oryzae is capable to assimilate a wide range of carbohydrates hydrolysed from lignocellulosic material in order to produce many economically valuable bulk material such as ethanol, these results suggest that RNA silencing is a useful method for industrial biotechnology to be applied in fungus Rhizopus oryzae in order to trigger the metabolism and gene expression toward a desired product.