Journal articles on the topic 'Lack of housing choice'
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1
Manley, David, and Maarten van Ham. "Choice-based Letting, Ethnicity and Segregation in England." Urban Studies 48, no. 14 (March 8, 2011): 3125–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098010394685.
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Choice-based letting (CBL) has been widely introduced to the social housing sector in England to give applicants more freedom in where they live. Concerns have been expressed that giving people more choice in residential locations has the potential to increase neighbourhood segregation. It has also been argued that a lack of real choice, not self-segregation, might be a cause of social and ethnic segregation. In social housing, real choice might not be available and the most vulnerable are likely to access the easiest housing options: often in deprived and segregated neighbourhoods. This paper analyses the probability that households applying for social housing using different allocation systems end up in deprived or ethnically concentrated neighbourhoods. Using unique data representing lettings made in the social housing sector in England, it is shown that ethnic minorities, and especially those using CBL, are the most likely to end up in deprived and ethnic concentration neighbourhoods.
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Loveridge, G. G., L. J. Horrocks, and A. J. Hawthorne. "Environmentally Enriched Housing for Cats When Housed Singly." Animal Welfare 4, no. 2 (May 1995): 135–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0962728600017553.
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AbstractIt is generally accepted that to carry out certain trials or procedures, particularly metabolism or digestibility studies, it is necessary to house animals singly, often in sterile metal cages which differ greatly from the animal's normal living accommodation. The lack of choice, mental and physical stimulation and general ‘creature comforts’ increases the stress of isolation.The design of the buildings at the Waltham Centre for Pet Nutrition aim to ameliorate these unsatisfactory conditions and provide environmental enrichment, freedom of choice and mental and physical stimulation, in housing as similar as possible to the normal housing of domestic pets.
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Decorme, Régis, Silvia Urra, Olatz Nicolas, Carina Dantas, Annelore Hermann, Gustavo Hernández Peñaloza, Federico Álvarez García, Aline Ollevier, M. Charalampos Vassiliou, and Willeke van Staalduinen. "Sustainable Housing Supporting Health and Well-Being." Proceedings 65, no. 1 (December 31, 2020): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2020065012.
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Despite its proven potential for systemic change, large-scale investment (both public and private) in sustainable homes still faces barriers, often caused by insecurity about personal, societal and financial returns on investment and a lack of clarity about concrete elements of sustainable age-friendly living environments and the choice of building, retrofitting and adaptation measures to be implemented. The projects that contributed to this workshop are developing solutions to tackle these barriers and propose a holistic and integrated approach to progress on implementation.
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Song, Wei, and Karl Keeling. "Location Patterns of Section 8 Housing in Jefferson County, Kentucky." International Journal of Applied Geospatial Research 1, no. 2 (April 2010): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jagr.2010020901.
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The controversial Section 8 Housing Choice Voucher program is the largest federal low-income housing program. Using GIS-based spatial clustering analysis (Getis–Ord’s Gi statistic) and multiple linear regressions, in this paper, the authors examine the locational patterns of more than 13,600 Section 8 housing units in Jefferson County, Kentucky, and explore key social, economic, demographic, and locational factors underlying the spatial distribution of Section 8 housing. The findings reveal that Section 8 housing continues to concentrate in the central city area with predominantly black residents, a high proportion of families in poverty, and abundant low-cost properties. The Section 8 voucher policy has failed to successfully de-concentrate poor families from these urban areas. Residential mobility of low-income families has been restricted by various factors, most important of which is the lack of accessibility to public transportation across the metropolitan area.
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Franz, Jill, Grace Bitner, Andrea Petriwskyj, Margaret Ward, Barbara Adkins, and Annie Rolfe. "Ecologies of housing and underlying assumptions of vulnerability." Housing, Care and Support 18, no. 2 (June 15, 2015): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/hcs-06-2015-0009.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to understand the difficulties in implementing models of housing, and to help address the lack of accessible and affordable private housing for people with disability in Australia. In responding to this aim, the study formulated an ecological map of housing models, which are examined in this paper in terms of their underlying assumptions of vulnerability. Design/methodology/approach – The study involved explanation building, using a multiple case study approach, informed theoretically by an ecological framework. It included organisations, families and individuals with disability. Findings – For the purpose of this paper, the study revealed a direct relationship between the nature of the housing models proposed, and assumptions of vulnerability. In the context of the study findings, the paper suggests that attempts to address individual housing needs are more likely to achieve a positive outcome when they are person driven, from a premise of ability rather than disability. Overall, it invites a “universalistic” way of conceptualising housing issues for people with disability that has international relevance. Practical implications – This paper highlights how assumptions of vulnerability shape environmental responses, such as housing, for people with disability. Originality/value – This paper is based on a study that reconciled a person-centred philosophy with an ecological appreciation of the external and internal factors impacting housing choice for people with disability.
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Cheer, Tarin, Robin Kearns, and Laurence Murphy. "Housing Policy, Poverty, and Culture: ‘Discounting’ Decisions among Pacific Peoples in Auckland, New Zealand." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 20, no. 4 (August 2002): 497–516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c04r.
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This paper explores the links between housing and other welfare policies, low income, and culture among Pacific peoples within Auckland, New Zealand. These migrant peoples occupy an ambiguous social space within Auckland: they represent the visible face of the world's largest Polynesian city, yet are occupants of some of the city's poorest and least health-promoting housing. Through considering the balance between choice and constraint, we examine how housing costs, poverty, and cultural practices converge to influence household expenditure decisions. Specifically, we are interested in the ways health-promoting behaviours (for example, obtaining fresh food) and utilising health care services are ‘discounted’ (that is, postponed or substituted with cheaper alternatives) because of costs associated with structural changes in housing and the broader policy context. We draw on narratives gathered from in-depth interviews conducted with seventeen Samoan and Cook Island families undertaken in the South Auckland suburb of Otara in mid-2000. Our findings illustrate a lack of ‘fit’ between state housing stock and its occupants. We conclude that, although a recent return to a policy of income-related rents may alleviate these conditions, further longitudinal and community-supported research is required to monitor whether health inequalities are in fact lessened through income-related interventions alone.
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Hoffman, Denise, Matthew E. Kehn, and Debra J. Lipson. "The Missing Link." Journal of Disability Policy Studies 27, no. 4 (March 2017): 243–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1044207317694847.
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Several government initiatives aim to increase the availability of home and community-based services. These efforts have helped facilitate the transition of individuals with disabilities living in institutions such as nursing facilities to community living, resulting in improved quality of life and potential health care savings. However, evidence suggests that a lack of affordable housing remains a key barrier that keeps some individuals living in institutions from transitioning to community living. This study evaluated the effect on transition rates among nursing home residents eligible for the Non-Elderly Disabled Housing Choice Voucher Program. The program provided housing vouchers that subsidized rental costs along with access to home and community-based services to nonelderly institutionalized residents with a disability. We assessed this program’s impact on the likelihood of community transitions among the target population in five areas for which these vouchers were made available. In a pooled sample of three of the five areas, the program increased community transition rates by 8.7 percentage points. This finding suggests that targeting housing vouchers to people with disabilities living in institutions could help facilitate or expedite transitions to community living.
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Bellino, Christina. "Location Determines Health Outcomes for Families With Children With Special Needs." Ethical Human Psychology and Psychiatry 18, no. 3 (2016): 218–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1559-4343.18.3.218.
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Families living in poverty often do not have a choice but to live in impoverished neighborhoods. Low-income neighborhoods are typically characterized by poor-quality housing; ineffective schools; and a higher prevalence of crimes, drugs, and violence. For low-income families with children with special needs, living in areas of concentrated poverty is especially challenging. Owing to the isolation of such neighborhoods, residents often do not have access to quality supportive services and developmental opportunities for children with special needs. This lack of support predetermines the health outcome of a vulnerable child.
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Desforges, Emma. "Challenges and Solutions Surrounding Environmental Enrichment for Dogs and Cats in a Scientific Environment." Animals 11, no. 10 (October 15, 2021): 2980. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11102980.
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Dogs and cats housed in research-, kennel- and cattery-type settings are reliant on caregivers to optimise their day-to-day experiences and welfare. The goal is to provide enriching environments for physical, social and environmental control; behavioural choice and opportunities to live as varied a life as possible. However, there are numerous challenges in these environments such as lack of appropriate enrichment for group housing, budget for equipment/training, study controls, time and space to make improvements. In addition, research settings are required to comply with legislation for care, husbandry and housing, and as standards differ between regions, conditions will vary between settings. Sharing knowledge in this field can only help drive a wider culture of care by helping improve the lives and welfare of animals cared for. This article presents some of the environmental enrichment strategies effective at the Waltham Petcare Science Institute, UK.
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Diah Triceseria, Anak Agung Istri, Nurul Azizah Zayda, and Rizka Fiani Prabaningtyas. "A New Approach to Refugee's Welfare through the Role of Community: Case Study of Refugee's Community Centre in Sewon." Global South Review 2, no. 1 (October 9, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/globalsouth.28847.
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The role of state actor in refugee protection is seriously limited by the “nationalism” nature of a nation-state. In particular, there has been a lack of attention from Indonesia as implied by non-ratifying choice taken by the government. The problem here with this approach is, refugee’s rights are viewed as entitlement from state and should conform with the state’s interest. Thus, there needs to be a new approach in pursuing a refugee protection regime. This paper shifts the focus from the role of state to the roles played by other actors. This paper gives a particular focus on Refugee Community Housing in Sewon, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. The Community Housing is an initiative from International Organization for Migration (IOM) which provides temporary settlement as well as living allowance for refugees. Our preliminary study found that the coordination among IOM, Jesuit Refugee Service (JRS)–an international NGO working to assist refugees, and Immigration Office of Yogyakarta—has to some extent demonstrated a better service and treatment to refugees than state’s philanthropy in general. Some limitations remains exist, but overall, community housing provides a foundation for a civil society-based refugee protection.
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Pongprasert, Pornraht. "Senior Condominium Choice for Low-to MidIncome Future Elderlies: A Case Study of Encouraging Affordable Senior Living in Bangkok, Thailand." International Real Estate Review 25, no. 1 (March 31, 2022): 119–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.53383/100337.
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The aim of this study is to examine the factors that influence the senior condominium choices of low-to mid-income future elderlies who range between 50-59 years old in Bangkok, Thailand. As the Thai population ages, policy analysts are deeply concerned with issues related to housing the elderlies. Condominiums are the best living choice for elderlies who need to live in the urban city close to their own home and family. In addition, they encourage the elderly to live in supportive communities and reduce the difficulties of independent living, such as loneliness, isolation, lack of medical facilities and mental health issues. The independent variables of demographic characteristics and the factors associated with senior living choice which are locational attributes, physical and social environments, and safety and security are examined as measures for the relocation of future elderlies to senior condos. In this research work, 348 respondents are instructed to rate 22 statements (on a Likert scale of 1-5) on aspects related to senior living choices. The researcher of this study provides evidence of the characteristics of low-and mid-income future elderlies who intend to move to a senior condo after retirement and their preferences around senior condos. A binary logistic analysis is used to investigate the factors that have impacts on the senior condo choice of low-to mid-income future elderlies. The results indicate that demographics, physical environment, and safety and security influence why low-to mid-income future elderlies choose a senior condo for future residence.
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Park, Junmo, and Deokseok Seo. "Post-Handover Quality Management Index of Electric Housing Work." Advances in Civil Engineering 2022 (December 14, 2022): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4690073.
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Since housing electrical work is essential in the aspect of electricity use and electrical accidents, it is necessary to properly design, construct, and manage it to avoid quality problems. However, disputes are intensifying in Korea due to numerous quality problems after the house is handed over to the owner. Although related standards have been established and some studies have been conducted, there is a lack of discussion on housing electrical work because the housing quality problem is varied. In this study, the cases of quality problems that occurred in housing electrical works were investigated, while 52 quality control indices were presented and classified according to detailed work category, object, and problematic occurrences. In addition, the number of cases of quality problems for each quality management index and the repair cost ratio were used as a scale to understand the status of quality management. Finally, 11 quality indices were suggested as candidates of important indices which needed to be controlled to focus on the housing electrical work by comparing the above 52 indices. The comparison was made on which one was best suited to the Pareto principle, a quality management strategy, among the candidates for the critical index and the indices suggested by relevant standards and previous studies. The comparison results showed that the candidates of the essential indices suggested in this study conformed to the Pareto principle, while other indices hardly conformed to it. Therefore, if the quality control strategy of choice and concentration for housing electrical works is used, focusing on these vital index candidates can effectively assist in handling the occurrence of quality problems.
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Kellett, Kathy G., Dawn Lambert, Tamara Lopez, and Julie Robison. "THE SIGNIFICANT ROLE OF HOUSING COORDINATION IN CONNECTICUT’S MONEY FOLLOWS THE PERSON PROGRAM." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S252. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.944.
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Abstract Housing coordination, a central component of the Money Follows the Person program, allows older adults and people with disabilities to experience greater independence and sense of well-being (Butler & Cabello, 2018; Koenig, 2015). This study was part of the 2017 Money Follows the Person (MFP) Process Evaluation involving 26 key informants (KIs) who completed telephone interviews sharing their experiences about program implementation. Of these, 13 KIs providing housing coordination services to the MFP transition team were asked about the housing coordination training they received and suggestions to improve the training. They were also asked about housing resources, how they develop their housing inventory, and recommendations for a “Housing Best Practices Report.” Interviews were audio-taped and transcribed. Data were analyzed using ATLAS.ti. Results demonstrate a need for more training and assistance to enable housing coordinators to expand their knowledge of housing alternatives, increase their awareness of housing policy/process changes, and further inform consumers about housing choices. Suggestions to improve housing coordination included offering more creative solutions during monthly housing coordination phone calls. Housing inventory challenges mentioned by KIs included time constraints, limited staff, administrative delays, and lack of affordable housing. Suggestions for housing inventory development focused on improving the management/maintenance of housing inventories. Best housing practices underscored the importance of communicating, teaming, building relationships with landlords and management companies, and standardizing housing policies and procedures. Overall recommendations included strengthening collaboration among housing coordinators to identify and implement best practices and improving housing inventory development to widen housing options for consumers.
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Ledsham, Trudy, Steven Farber, and Nate Wessel. "Dwelling Type Matters: Untangling the Paradox of Intensification and Bicycle Mode Choice." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2662, no. 1 (January 2017): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2662-08.
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Urban intensification is believed to result in a modal shift away from automobiles to more active forms of transportation. This study extended the understanding of bicycle mode choice and the influence of built form through an analysis of dwelling type, density, and mode choice. Apartment dwelling and active transportation are related to intensification, but an understanding of the impact of increased density on bicycling is muddied by the lack of isolation of cycling from walking in many studies and by the lack of controls for the confounding effects of dwelling type. This study examined the relationship between dwelling type and mode choice in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. In this study of 223,232 trips, 25 variables were controlled for, and multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to estimate relative risk ratios. Strong evidence was found that a trip that originated from an apartment-based household was less than half as likely to be taken by bicycle as a similar trip that originated from a house-based household in Toronto in 2011. Increased population density of the household location had a positive impact on the likelihood that a trip would be taken by walking and a negligible and uncertain impact on the likelihood that it would be taken by transit. However, increased population density had a negative impact on bicycling. Further analysis found that the negative impact of density did not seem to apply to those who lived in single detached housing but rather only to the likelihood that apartment and townhouse dwellers would cycle. Further research is required to identify the exact barriers to cycling that apartment dwellers experience.
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Glumac, Brano, and Thomas P. Wissink. "Homebuyers’ preferences concerning installed photovoltaic systems." Journal of European Real Estate Research 11, no. 1 (May 8, 2018): 102–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jerer-12-2016-0044.
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Purpose This paper aims to report on homebuyers’ preferences and willingness to pay for installed home photovoltaic systems. Their influence on the market position of a dwelling is relatively unknown. Considering that expected lifespan of photovoltaic systems is at least 25 years, it is likely that many dwellings with a photovoltaic system will enter the housing market. Design/methodology/approach Few houses with installed photovoltaic systems have been sold in the market to date. Lack of real market data imposes a method based on the stated preference data. Therefore, the general preferences toward photovoltaic systems are determined by a discrete choice model based on responses of 227 homebuyers in the Eindhoven region, The Netherlands. Further, the model estimates were used to assess the indirect willingness to pay for home photovoltaic systems. This initial willingness to pay is further reassessed with the direct willingness to pay collected in an open-ended questionnaire format. Findings Results of the model show that the homebuyers’ preferences for home photovoltaic systems are large and significant. In addition to general preferences, this article reports on the taste heterogeneity carried out by separating observations based on the respondents’ characteristics. For example, photovoltaic systems are more appealing to homebuyers in more urban or central neighbourhoods. Further, the results of the direct survey lead to the conclusion that people are probably willing to pay close to the replacement value of the system and only 22 per cent of all respondents did not want to pay anything for the installed photovoltaic system. Research limitations/implications These findings are exploratory and they raise a number of questions for further investigations, such as those regarding the real estate value of the installed photovoltaic systems. The reported findings must be regarded as local, thus further research is necessary to understand the impact on European housing markets. Practical implications Preferences and willingness to pay for home photovoltaic systems can provide a variety of economic, social and political recommendations to different interested parties such as homeowners, buyers, realtors, retailers, energy companies and governments. For instance, a homeowner would like to know what would be the effect of a photovoltaic system on the housing market. Originality/value As per the knowledge of authors, this is the first paper to estimate the impact of an installed photovoltaic system on housing choice, measured by stated choice data in the local housing market. It expands the existing body of knowledge for increasingly important issues of valuing and measuring preferences for photovoltaic systems installed on dwellings.
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Milic, Jelena, and Zhou Jingmin. "Youth residential situation in the transition to adulthood: The case of Serbia (an exploratory approach)." Stanovnistvo 53, no. 1 (2015): 61–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/stnv1501061m.
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Research undertaken on housing and youth to date primarily focus on those at the very bottom of the social ladder. Nonetheless, a large percentage of youth population around the world is facing a crisis in terms of achieving residential autonomy. This paper attempts to illustrate the possibilities and obstacles that prevent youth from achieving residential independence in Serbia. The data collected in this exploratory study conducted in 2014, on a sample of 312 respondents, is used to analyze some of the most important structural factors (job market, education, financial situation and access to the housing market) in order to assess both current situation and the possible prospects of the youth housing issue in the country. Serbia, as most Southern European countries, has a 'Mediterranean' model of transition to adulthood, which is characterized by great reliance on the family of origin. It has been observed by respondents to this study that the most represented living arrangement was living with parents and that even older cohorts (30 to 35 years old) in most cases continued living with their family of origin to date. As our findings indicate, youth from the sample perceived this residential arrangement more as a consequence of poor financial situation and lack of cheap housing, rather than a desirable choice. It is difficult to predict if there will be significant improvements in the housing affordability or job market situation for youth, therefore the prospect of achieving residential independency for generations to come will remain tremendously challenging. Investigating existing and defining new strategies, in both the family and broader society contexts, is an important task for future research on accessibility of housing and youth residential situation advancement given the importance of this factor in the transition to adulthood.
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Song, Yanjiao, and Chuanyong Zhang. "City size and housing purchase intention: Evidence from rural–urban migrants in China." Urban Studies 57, no. 9 (August 12, 2019): 1866–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098019856822.
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Despite the increased focus on housing choices among rural–urban migrants in China, there is a lack of studies on city size and housing purchase preferences. In this paper, we extend the conceptual framework of the Rosen–Roback model to analyse how city size affects rural–urban migrants’ housing purchase intention, and find that the impact of city size on the willingness to buy a house in the host city for migrants has an inverted U shape by using the China Migrants Dynamic Survey of 2014. To explain this phenomenon, we further adopt the Oaxaca–Blinder decomposition, which shows that rural–urban migrants have achieved a spatial equilibrium between housing costs and city amenities in large cities, compared with megacities and small cities. Specifically, the amenities in large cities can compensate for the negative impact of the high housing cost, making these large cities more attractive than small ones for rural–urban migrants, while rural migrants have to bear high housing prices and exclusive urban welfare because of the strict household registration system in megacities. This study thus sheds new light on the adoption of diversified housing policies to solve the housing problems of rural–urban migrants in China by considering city size.
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Kramchaninova, Natalia Vitalievna. "Problems of Employment of Graduates of Pedagogical Universities (on the Example of Armavir State Pedagogical University)." Теория и практика общественного развития, no. 11 (November 6, 2020): 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.24158/tipor.2020.11.5.
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The relevant topic of the professional choice of young people and the problems of their employment are reviews in this article. Young people have to face various problems in such areas as lack of housing, difficulties in adapting to the economic environment and uneven social distribution. Employment of young people, their adaptation and preparation for professional activities are still key tasks. The solu-tion of which will ensure the implementation of many directions in increasing the socio-economic indicators of the country. The indicator of the em-ployment of university graduates in their specialty is one of the criteria for assessing the effectiveness of an educational institution. The result of the educa-tional policy of the university is the employment of a graduate who is able to respond to changes in gov-ernment, social policy and the labor market.
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Adeel, Ahmad, Bruno Notteboom, Ansar Yasar, Kris Scheerlinck, and Jeroen Stevens. "Sustainable Streetscape and Built Environment Designs around BRT Stations: A Stated Choice Experiment Using 3D Visualizations." Sustainability 13, no. 12 (June 9, 2021): 6594. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13126594.
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The incompatibility between the microscale-built environment designs around mass transit stations and stakeholders’ preferences causes dissatisfaction and inconvenience. The lack of a pedestrian-friendly environment, uncontrolled development patterns, traffic and parking issues make the street life vulnerable and unattractive for users, and affect the mass transit usage. How to design the streetscapes around mass transit stations to provide a user-friendly street environment is a crucial question to achieve sustainable transit-oriented development goals. To recognize the specific attributes of streetscape environment relevant in local context of BRT Lahore, this paper presents the results of a visual preference experiment in which nine attributes of built environment were systematically varied across choice sets. Multinomial logit models were set up to identify the preferences of three target groups: BRT users, commercial building users and residents at different locations. The research indicates that not only the road-related factors (bike lane and sidewalk widths, crossings facilities, street greenery) have a significant influence on people’s preference but also that building heights, and the typology of buildings and housing projects around BRT corridor have shaped these preferences. When planning and designing urban design projects around mass transit projects, these significant attributes should be considered.
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Nico, Magda. "Individualized Housing Careers in Early Adulthood: Conditions and Constraints in a Familistic Society." Sociological Research Online 15, no. 1 (February 2010): 54–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5153/sro.2079.
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This article discusses the unsteady and uncertain conditions in which a potentially individualized life course co-exists with and survives in a so-called institutionalized, standardized, familistic and sub-protective society. For the purpose, non-family living in early adulthood in a southern European country (Portugal) is taken as the example. On one hand, data from the 2006 European Social Survey (23 countries, N=43000) is used to contextualize the Portuguese transition to adulthood and the preconceptions about the so-called familistic societies in general. On the other hand, data on events and values from a small sample of young adults living alone in Portugal (aged 24-30, N=120, approximately 1% of the universe considered), along with official statistics on a housing programme for these young adults (Rental Incentive for Young People), allows us to analytically deconstruct preconceptions about the relation between intergenerational support and welfare policies in familistic societies. This data demonstrates most of all how a mismatch between the still-prevailing institutionalization of life courses in some societies and the reflexivity characterizing contemporary biographies produces critical points in young people's lives. It also demonstrates the adaptability of family cultures to these ‘choice biographies’ in comparison to the lack of adaptability of some youth policies, in particular those involving housing. These processes of mismatching and misunderstanding reflect and promote the inadequacy and inefficiency of communication between youth research and policy-making.
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March, Hug, Xavier Garcia, Elena Domene, and David Sauri. "Tap Water, Bottled Water or In-Home Water Treatment Systems: Insights on Household Perceptions and Choices." Water 12, no. 5 (May 6, 2020): 1310. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12051310.
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This article addresses household strategies for coping with perceived tap water quality issues. By using a household survey (n = 581) in Catalonia (Spain) and three models, this article analyses the drivers and motivations behind the installation of in-home water treatment systems, and the use of bottled water for drinking and cooking. The main explanatory factors of the higher consumption of bottled water were the perception of poor tap water quality, the lack of in-home treatment systems, and the presence of children at home. Income did not appear as a significant variable explaining the use of bottled water, unlike in other studies. The presence of in-home treatment systems is related to factors, such as perceived bad water quality, larger households, and single-family housing. Income and housing tenure appeared as explanatory variables only when considering systems requiring some kind of installation: lower incomes or renting a multi-family house reduce the probability of having an in-home water treatment that required installation because of important investments and operating costs, and the space needed in the housing units. In-house water treatment systems may become a solid alternative to bottled water when tap water raises problematic perceptions related to bad taste, odor, or lime presence.
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Afolabi, Adedeji Olushola, Adedapo Oluwatayo, Opeyemi Oyeyipo, Rapheal Ojelabi, and Olabosipo Fagbenle. "Assessment of Designers’ Perception of Post Conflict Housing Schemes for Internally Displaced Persons." Construction Economics and Building 18, no. 1 (March 28, 2018): 27–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ajceb.v18i1.5780.
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With millions of internally displaced persons (IDPs) around the world, there is need to implement durable housing solutions post-conflict, that involves sustainable integration and sustainable reintegration using long term shelter programmes in the rural and urban areas. The study aims to assess designers’ assessment of post conflict housing schemes (PCHS) for internally displaced persons. Using a cross-sectional survey, the study utilized a questionnaire instrument distributed to one hundred (100) design professionals that have cognate field experience in the design, construction and management of post-conflict housing schemes. Statistical tools of bar chart, principal component analysis, categorical regression and one-way analysis of variance by SPSS v.21 was utilized. The study revealed that designers considered features such as external design and services, socio-cultural and space and maintenance features in the design of PCHS. Generalized factors considered in the selection of these features include demands of the household, choice/selection of building materials and population of IDPs. The study revealed that the failure of PCHS could be because of politics/partisanship, lack of international assistance/aid, need to make profit and non-involvement of IDPs in the rebuilding process, while the success of the scheme could be engendered by adequate participation of IDPs, effective monitoring mechanisms and increased government and non-governmental organizations’ (NGOs) participation. In conclusion, the study developed a framework for the design of PCHS for IDPs. The study recommended that professional designers should objectively consider the contributions and characteristics of IDPs in the design of PCHS. In addition, international bodies should increase pressure on government to increase commitment in re-settling IDPs. NGOs should not relent in their efforts.
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Noguchi, Masa. "THE ESSENCE OF LOW-ENERGY AFFORDABLE HOUSING DESIGN STRATEGIES." Journal of Green Building 6, no. 3 (July 2011): 59–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/jgb.6.3.59.
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Nearly one-third of the Scottish population is struggling to heat their home properly today. There is an urgent need for the delivery of low-energy affordable homes. However, the homebuilding industry has no systematic way to deliver such unconventional homes, although the UK government has set out a bold “green” target that all newly-built homes be carbon neutral by 2016. Accordingly, this paper explores the status quo of today's affordable homes being built in Scotland; and secondly, it extends the scope to the review of successfully commercialized low- to zero-energy affordable housing developments in Canada. This study emphasizes the significant impact of design choices on the delivery of low- to zero-energy affordable housing, including housing orientations and configurations; construction materials and systems, including renewable energy technologies; and internal planning, with due consideration to the time-related sun positions and the internal space day-lighting and heat gain potentials. In addition, the paper argues that the absence of clear definitions as to housing quality and affordability, and the lack of industry capacity for technical knowledge learning activities, are potential obstacles that limit the spread of sustainable zero-carbon homes in Scotland today. Moreover, the effect of the design charrette approach being practiced in Canada on the homebuilding decision making process was reviewed, with the aim of providing a base for further discussion on the applicability of Canadian low-energy affordable housing design techniques to sustainable zero carbon homes of the future in Scotland.
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Wagen, Brooke, Whitney Williams, Jan Bennett, and Elizabeth A. Jacobs. "WHEN NETWORKS FAIL: ISOLATION AND INDEPENDENCE AMONG OLDER ADULTS IN PUBLIC HOUSING." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S180. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.641.
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Abstract In the coming decades, the population of adults over 65 in the US will increase dramatically. Many older adults live at or below the poverty level, and the growing lack of affordable housing combined with fixed incomes promises to increase the number of older adults facing combined housing and health challenges. Despite their vulnerability, little is known about the lived experiences of older adults aging in place in public housing. We conducted semi-structured qualitative interviews with 27 older adults at two public housing sites in Austin, Texas to gain an understanding of their thoughts on health, aging, home, community, and problem solving. We conducted interviews in Spanish (n=10) and English (n=17) with 16 female and 11 male interviewees with a mean age of 71.7 years (range 65-85 years). We systematically coded transcribed interviews and used grounded theory to analyze the data. Participants described feeling isolated due to language barriers, cultural perceptions about neighbors, and previous problematic experiences with neighbors leading to intentional isolation for safety. Some, however, spoke of how they acted as community connectors or responded to connectors in the community in ways that reduced their isolation. Participants framed individual problem-solving and personal choices as central to health and wellness. Our findings suggest a way forward for housing authorities, communities, and health systems working together to provide services to these adults. Incorporating their points of view and even co-creating interventions to enhance their health and well-being will make these interventions more successful and welcome.
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Tomsone, S., L. Saukuma, Z. Liepina, and J. Zalkalns. "Accessibility problems in home environment for seniors in Latvia: Experience from the research project innovAge (WP2)." SHS Web of Conferences 40 (2018): 03004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20184003004.
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Studies on relations between health and environment indicate that accessibility positively influence healthy life expectancy, as accessible home environment and neighbourhood support mobility, daily activities and social participation in old age. One of the tasks in the EC 7th framework research project innovAge (2012-2015) aimed to develop an IT tool to support seniors’ involvement in decisions about their housing options and help them to become active partners in choice and supply of housing. This study aims to explore seniors’ opinions about accessibility in their physical home environment based on analysis of data - interview records and notes - from two study stages in the research project innovAge (WP2). Participants, at the first stage - 8 seniors and at the second stage - 10 seniors, represented variety of living conditions, family situations and functional abilities. Participation in the study was voluntary and the participants had right to withdraw from the study at any stage. Usually, barriers in home environment seniors consider late, when functional abilities decreases substantially. The most common places where environmental barriers appear are sanitary spaces, kitchen and entrance of the home. Despite the environmental barriers and functional limitations, seniors remain in their homes, mainly because in Latvia do not exist traditions to seek options for relocation, as well as there are no policies and services to support this. In few municipalities options exist to adapt home environment, but it refers only to cases of severe disability for persons using wheelchair. Usually, the need for environment adaptations for seniors is replaced by care services, thus meeting also the needs for seniors’ socialization. Regarding possibilities to adapt home environment, strong prejudices exist (bath vs. shower, disadvantages of living on the first floor, etc.). Seniors admitted that they lack knowledge and experience on housing adaptations, but emphasized that the environmental accessibility in a wider context, including the neighbourhood and services, is essential. The close cooperation with participants facilitated the researchers’ understanding of the seniors’ complex views and needs regarding their home environment and related issues, which are important for developing housing policies for senior citizens in Latvia. Despite the specified accessibility problems in home environment, the seniors evaluated usability of their homes generally high.
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Swanepoel, Magdaleen. "Human Rights That Influence The Mentally Ill Patient In South African Medical Law: A Discussion of Sections 9; 27; 30 and 31 of the Constitution." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad 14, no. 7 (June 9, 2017): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2011/v14i7a2619.
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The personalised nature of mental illness obscures from general view the intolerable burden of private and public distress that people with serious mental illness carry. Invariably the mentally ill person encounters rejection and humiliation that are in some way tantamount to a "second illness." The combination either disrupts or puts beyond reach the usual personal and social life stages of marriage, family life, raising children, sexual relationships, the choice of treatment, affordable housing, transportation, education and gainful employment. As a result of their lack of financial and social support and their experience of rejection from society, persons with mental illness tend to neglect themselves and their diet, and frequently delay seeking treatment. Against this background, this contribution critically focuses on the human rights that influence the mentally ill patient in South African medical law. Specific attention is paid to the relevance and meaning of sections 9 (the equality clause), 27 (access to health care services), 30 and 31 (language, culture and religion) of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996.
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Jafari, Amirhosein, and Reza Akhavian. "Driving forces for the US residential housing price: a predictive analysis." Built Environment Project and Asset Management 9, no. 4 (September 9, 2019): 515–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bepam-07-2018-0100.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to determine the key characteristics that determine housing prices in the USA. Data analytical models capable of predicting the driving forces of housing prices can be extremely useful in the built environment and real estate decision-making processes. Design/methodology/approach A data set of 13,771 houses is extracted from the 2013 American Housing Survey (AHS) data and used to develop a Hedonic Pricing Method (HPM). Besides, a data set of 22 houses in the city of San Francisco, CA is extracted from Redfin real estate brokerage database and used to test and validate the model. A correlation analysis is performed and a stepwise regression model is developed. Also, the best subsets regression model is selected to be used in HPM and a semi-log HPM is proposed to reduce the problem of heteroscedasticity. Findings Results show that the main driving force for housing transaction price in the USA is the square footage of the unit, followed by its location, and its number of bathrooms and bedrooms. The results also show that the impact of neighborhood characteristics (such as distance to open spaces and business centers) on the housing prices is not as strong as the impact of housing unit characteristics and location characteristics. Research limitations/implications An important limitation of this study is the lack of detailed housing attribute variables in the AHS data set. The accuracy of the prediction model could be increased by having a greater number of information regarding neighborhood and regional characteristics. Also, considering the macro business environment such as the inflation rate, the interest rates, the supply and demand for housing, and the unemployment rates, among others could increase the accuracy of the model. The authors hope that the presented study spurs additional research into this topic for further investigation. Practical implications The developed framework which is capable of predicting the driving forces of housing prices and predict the market values based on those factors could be useful in the built environment and real estate decision-making processes. Researchers can also build upon the developed framework to develop more sophisticated predictive models that benefit from a more diverse set of factors. Social implications Finally, predictive models of housing price can help develop user-friendly interfaces and mobile applications for home buyers to better evaluate their purchase choices. Originality/value Identification of the key driving forces that determine housing prices on real-world data from the 2013 AHS, and development of a prediction model for housing prices based on the studied data have made the presented research original and unique.
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Bowers, Susan. "No Longer Aging in Place: Housing Decisions After 100." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.169.
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Abstract The number of aging individuals is growing and, along with it, a subset of the oldest-old (those over 85 years), including centenarians. Although researchers have begun identifying issues and needs related to this population (Dunkle & Jeon, 2016), still little is known about decision-making processes as they relate to housing. In rural areas, in specific, centenarians are limited by few residential choices and lack of geographic mobility. In this study, decision-making processes are examined, with an emphasis on interactions between aging individuals and their rural family caregivers. In addition, since family caregivers typically experience a pattern of burnout over time (Yilmaz, Turan & Gundogar, 2009; Yikikan, Aypak, & Görpelioğlu, 2015), a second focus of the study is caregiver stress. Data for the study are drawn from semi-structured interviews with a sample of family caregivers in the Midwest. All caregivers had a 100-plus family member recently placed, or in process of placement, at a residential long-term care facility. To meet criteria, all facilities were in towns of 4000 individuals or less. Data consisted of qualitative interviews with the primary family contact (female in all cases), and were analyzed according to Strauss & Corbin (1990). Decision-making themes centered on health and family pressure. Stress themes centered primarily around work. Data are discussed in terms of family strengths, health and wellness, and the need for continued programming for family caregivers, particularly in rural areas.
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Delaunay, Daniel, and Françoise Dureau. "Componentes sociales y espaciales de la movilidad residencial en Bogotá / Social and Spatial Components of Residential Mobility in Bogotá." Estudios Demográficos y Urbanos 19, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.24201/edu.v19i1.1196.
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El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar cuatro componentes de la movilidad residencial intraurbana de los residentes de la ciudad de Bogotá (Colombia): la elección de la vivienda, de su localización, del tipo de tenencia, y la decisión de lograr una autonomía residencial. Cada una de ellas tiene su propia lógica, y ésta se analiza para cada individuo por medio de las trayectorias biográficas recabadas en 1993. Las diferenciaciones sociales cambian de un componente a otro, se agregan o se combinan, provocando variaciones en la movilidad residencial.En una ciudad en rápida expansión, con una notable segregación residencial, el interés por la localización es fundamental, a pesar de que poco se le ha considerado en la literatura que trata sobre el tema. El significado que confieren los individuos a la ubicación de su vivienda dentro de la ciudad rebasa la simple consideración de los recursos con que cuenta el barrio; atañe también a las historias familiares y a la historia de la ciudad.AbstractThis paper seeks to analyze four components of the intraurban residential mobility of residents of Bogotá, Colombia: choice of housing, location of the latter, type of ownership and the decision to achieve residential autonomy. Each of them has its own logic, which is analyzed for each individual through biographical accounts obtained in 1993. Social differences change from one component to another, are added or combined, thereby causing variations in residential mobility.In a rapidly expanding city, with marked residential segregation, interest in location is crucial, despite the lack of attention it has received in the literature on the issue. The meaning that individuals give the location of their housing within the city goes beyond the resources of the neighborhood itself, since it also involves family histories and the history of the city.
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Dawes, Jo, Tom May, Daisy Fancourt, and Alexandra Burton. "The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic and Associated Societal Restrictions on People Experiencing Homelessness (PEH): A Qualitative Interview Study with PEH and Service Providers in the UK." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 23 (November 23, 2022): 15526. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192315526.
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People experiencing homelessness (PEH) faced unique challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic, including changes to accommodation availability, societal restrictions impacting access to essentials like food, and services moving to online and remote access. This in-depth qualitative research aims to add to the existing, but limited research exploring how the pandemic affected PEH. 33 semi-structured qualitative interviews (22 with PEH during the pandemic and 11 with homelessness sector service providers) were undertaken in the United Kingdom between April 2021 and January 2022. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed and analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. To ensure consistency of coding, 10% of interviews were coded by two researchers. The PEH sample was 50% female, aged 24–59 years, 59% white British, and included people who had lived in hostels/hotels, with friends/family, and on the streets during the COVID-19 pandemic. Providers came from varied services, including support charities, housing, and addiction services. Five key themes were identified: (i) the understanding of and adherence to public health guidance and restrictions; (ii) the experience of people accommodated by the ‘Everyone In’ initiative; (iii) the impact of social distancing guidelines on PEH experiences in public spaces; (iv) the importance of social support and connections to others; and (v) how homelessness services adapted their provision. Policy makers and public health communicators must learn from PEH to maximize the effectiveness of future public health strategies. Housing providers and support services should recognize the implications of imposing a lack of choice on people who need accommodation during a public health emergency. The loss of usual support for PEH triggered a loss of ability to rely on usual ‘survival strategies’, which negatively influenced their health. This research highlights successes and difficulties in supporting PEH during the COVID-19 pandemic and informs planning for similar public health events.
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Ndlangamandla, Musawenkosi Gcinumuzi, and Carin Combrinck. "Environmental sustainability of construction practices in informal settlements." Smart and Sustainable Built Environment 9, no. 4 (March 18, 2019): 523–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sasbe-09-2018-0043.
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Purpose Construction practices used in the development of self-help housing and upgrade of informal settlements are believed to have negative effects on the natural environment. The purpose of this paper is to examine this idea by conducting a study on purposely selected informal settlements located in Mbabane, Kingdom of Eswatini, to determine the environmental sustainability of construction practices used in these areas and to offer an approach that can mitigate the environmental degradation witnessed in informal settlements. Design/methodology/approach The study comprised of three major components – literature review, situational analysis and research output. A literature review informed the extent of the problem and served to identify categories of assessment. A situational analysis of construction practices in informal settlements was done through the use of a structured checklist tool. Pattern matching was used as an analysis to evaluate the environmental sustainability of the identified construction practices. Findings Empirical results indicate a lack of environmental sustainability in the identified construction practices used. The challenges identified included the wrong choice of building material, inefficiency in energy use, a threat to biodiversity, poor planning and a lack of construction control measures. The research output was a framework encouraging affordable, sustainable and regenerative construction practices believed to be a viable solution to the environmental challenges within informal settlements. It was concluded that current construction practices used within informal settlements lead to negative environmental effects. Originality/value The framework offered in this study is believed to mitigate the negative effects on the natural environment in informal settlements.
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Jeffrey, Anne. "LIMITED EPISTOCRACY AND POLITICAL INCLUSION." Episteme 15, no. 4 (April 20, 2017): 412–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/epi.2017.8.
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ABSTRACTIn this paper I defend a form of epistocracy I call limited epistocracy – rule by institutions housing expertise in non-political areas that become politically relevant. This kind of limited epistocracy, I argue, isn't a far-off fiction. With increasing frequency, governments are outsourcing political power to expert institutions to solve urgent, multidimensional problems because they outperform ordinary democratic decision-making. I consider the objection that limited epistocracy, while more effective than its competitors, lacks a fundamental intrinsic value that its competitors have; namely, political inclusion. After explaining this challenge, I suggest that limited epistocracies can be made compatible with robust political inclusion if specialized institutions are confined to issuing directives that give citizens multiple actionable options. I explain how this safeguards citizens’ inclusion through rational deliberation, choice, and contestation.
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Lower, Anna, and Agnieszka Szumilas. "Parking Policy as a Tool of Sustainable Mobility-Parking Standards in Poland vs. European Experiences." Sustainability 13, no. 20 (October 14, 2021): 11330. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132011330.
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Contemporary cities generally lack the balance between the development of the spatial structure and the communication possibilities of the inhabitants. The high motorisation rate in Poland, as well as in other European countries, and the preferred choice of individual means of transportation have both contributed to a significant increase in congestion over the last 10 years. The aim of this research was to try to establish to what extent a consciously conducted parking policy can help control the mobility of inhabitants of selected Polish cities. The starting point for the analysis was the availability of parking spaces in residential areas, introduced as an imposed indicator in the operative planning documents. As part of the research, the authors of this paper analyzed the legal provisions of the operative Local Spatial Development Plans (MPZP) concerning the parking function for housing estates five of the biggest cities in Poland. The results were confronted with data on selected European cities. Nearly 550 planning documents from the years 2000–2019 and parking standards operating in individual countries were cataloged and analyzed. The research results show that for 20 years Polish cities have mainly been using the possibility of determining the minimum rate of parking spaces. Regulations attempting to limit the number of cars are incidental. However, this is a necessary direction of legislative changes.
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Bennett, Alexandria, Kien Crosse, Michael Ku, Nicole E. Edgar, Amanda Hodgson, and Simon Hatcher. "Interventions to treat post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in vulnerably housed populations and trauma-informed care: a scoping review." BMJ Open 12, no. 3 (March 2022): e051079. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-051079.
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ObjectivesThe goals of this study are to identify and analyse interventions that aim to treat post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex PTSD in people who are vulnerably housed and to describe how these treatments have been delivered using trauma-informed care.DesignScoping review.Search strategyWe searched electronic databases including MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science and PTSDpubs for published literature up to November 2021 for any studies that examined the treatment of PTSD in adults who were vulnerably housed. Websites of relevant organisations and other grey literature sources were searched to supplement the electronic database search. The characteristics and effect of the interventions were analysed. We also explored how the interventions were delivered and the elements of trauma-informed care that were described.Results28 studies were included. We identified four types of interventions: (1) trauma focused psychotherapies; (2) non-trauma psychotherapies; (3) housing interventions and (4) pharmacotherapies. The trauma-informed interventions were small case series and the non-trauma focused therapies included four randomised controlled trials, were generally ineffective. Of the 10 studies which described trauma-informed care the most commonly named elements were physical and emotional safety, the experience of feeling heard and understood, and flexibility of choice. The literature also commented on the difficulty of providing care to this population including lack of private space to deliver therapy; the co-occurrence of substance use; and barriers to follow-up including limited length of stay in different shelters and high staff turnover.ConclusionsThis scoping review identified a lack of high-quality trials to address PTSD in people who are vulnerably housed. There is a need to conduct well designed trials that take into account the unique setting of this population and which describe those elements of trauma-informed care that are most important and necessary.
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Górczyńska, Magdalena. "Mechanisms of property ownership change and social change in inner-city Warsaw (Poland)." Urban Studies 55, no. 13 (October 24, 2017): 2803–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098017730006.
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Taking a production-side approach, the article discusses how property restitution and privatisation have created rent and value gaps, and influenced social change in the inner city of Warsaw (Poland). Specifically, a rent gap (resulting from restitution) and a value gap (created by low-cost privatisation) are hypothesised to have produced different ownership structures in pre-war residential buildings, with different implications for social change. These effects are assumed to be modulated by three factors: legal constraints, availability of private capital and changing residential preferences. The main findings show that the national legislation and municipal regulations with respect to low cost privatisation created the value gap and favoured intergenerational property transfer and lower residential mobility. The value gap has been eliminated by the changes in municipal regulations. Second, a lack of private capital was a key element in disinvestment in the 1990s, and private developers have since become key actors in shaping the housing offer and have triggered intensive gentrification. Third, residential choices often follow family reasons (inheritance of a unit), and are loosely coupled with a ‘back to the city’ movement. The contemporary choices of many newcomers are still embedded in opportunities created by earlier privatisation. Finally, former municipal tenants in restituted buildings come under pressure from new, private owners to leave their homes. Paradoxically, restitution, seen as a mechanism for social justice, has led to social injustice. Overall, it appears that both privatisation and restitution have fuelled problems of affordability, and led to the exclusion of lower-income households from the housing market.
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Iqbal, Asifa, and Mats Wilhelmsson. "Park proximity, crime and apartment prices." International Journal of Housing Markets and Analysis 11, no. 4 (August 6, 2018): 669–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhma-04-2017-0035.
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Purpose There is a lack of understanding in the literature on the relation between parks and house price in relation to crime in Scandinavian context. This paper aims to investigate the effect of the amenity value of accessibility to parks on apartment prices with reference to crime rates in parks in Stockholm. Design/methodology/approach This paper analyses the effects of park proximity and crime in parks on apartment prices by using geographic information systems and hedonic modelling. Findings Findings show that the proximity of parks as an environmental amenity has an effect on apartment prices. The results also demonstrate that the impact of parks on apartment prices is different in the different segments of the apartment market in Stockholm. Moreover, various types of parks may differ in their impact, for instance, grass parks and park blocks are more desirable in Stockholm than landscape parks and neighbourhood parks. The effects of crimes in parks influence apartment prices negatively. Originality/value This paper provides a new methodology by using the shortest distance to a park as a main variable. The shortest distance to a park variable is considered a better choice than using park as an aggregate measure. To the best of the author’s knowledge, this is the first study that investigates the effect of specific park types, for instance, grass parks, neighbourhood parks, landscape parks and park blocks, in Stockholm housing market.
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Sobek, Szymon, and Sebastian Werle. "Comparative Review of Artificial Light Sources for Solar-Thermal Biomass Conversion Research Applications." Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S 26, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 443–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eces-2019-0033.
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Abstract In recent years solar-thermal methods of waste biomass conversion are promptly gaining on attention. For researchers working in areas that suffer from lack of natural solar power, the choice of proper solar simulator for the study is crucial. Solar simulator consist of artificial light source enclosed in proper housing with optical and cooling system, powered by dedicated power supply. Solar simulators are not only granting independence from external conditions, yet provide possibility of research expand due to tuneable output power and emissive spectrum. Over the years, solar simulators were powered by different types of lamps. Throughout the history, the solar simulators were used mainly in photovoltaic and space research, crystal growth industry, and the material testing. For mentioned purposes, the total thermal output power of simulator was playing secondary role in comparison to urgent need of spectral match, irradiance distribution and beam uniformity with terrestrial or extra-terrestrial sunlight. For thermal applications, solar simulators are facing the challenge of providing high output power, described by high radiant heat flux and high heat flux density over the specified target area. In presented paper the comparison of xenon arc, metal halide lams and tungsten halogen for thermal applications has been presented with emphasis on available thermal power, spectral match with natural sunlight and operational issues. The course of decision taken during the selection of artificial light source for construction of laboratory-scale solar pyrolytic reactor is proposed.
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Møller, Anne, and Camilla Hoffmann Merrild. "Exploring targeted preventive health checks in a socially disadvantaged neighborhood in Denmark." Health Promotion International 35, no. 5 (November 7, 2019): 1150–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapro/daz110.
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Abstract Recently studies have focused on how health promotion interventions sometimes sideline issues of social context, framing health as a matter of individual choice and, by implication, a personal responsibility. Part of this criticism is that health promotion interventions often do not draw on situated understandings of the contextual aspects of health and illness practices. Theoretically, this study departs in practice theory and contemporary public heath discussions on targeted health promotion. Based on semi-structured interviews with 18 people living in a social housing association we explored the significance of participating in a preventive health check and how participation configured into everyday life. All participants in our study had been identified with a ‘risk’ health profile. Overall, we found that they were well aware of their health risks and challenges, and that they reflected a great deal on how their health status was intrinsically linked with their lifestyle and health practices, such as lack of exercise or smoking. The health checks were, however, not able to support or improve their general health, and did not seem to address the challenges the participants seemed to struggle with in life. By way of conclusion, we suggest that we implement a more practice-oriented form of public health that focus on the ‘lives’ that people live, and the problems that they face. Moreover, attention should be paid to how and to whom health promotion initiatives are offered, in order to ensure the relevance of targeted interventions.
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McNabb, K. C., A. Bergman, and J. E. Farley. "Risk factors for poor engagement in drug-resistant TB care in South Africa: a systematic review." Public Health Action 11, no. 3 (September 21, 2021): 139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5588/pha.21.0007.
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BACKGROUND: Metrics of poor patient engagement, including missed appointments, treatment interruption, sub-optimal medication adherence, and loss to follow-up, have been linked to poor clinical multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) outcomes. Understanding the risk factors for poor patient engagement is necessary to improve outcomes and control TB. This review synthesizes the risk factors for poor patient engagement in MDR-TB treatment across South Africa.DESIGN: A systematic review of five databases (PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane, and Web of Science) was conducted, covering articles published between 2010 and 2020. Articles were included if they provided information about risk factors associated with poor engagement among adults (15 years) in treatment for MDR-TB in South Africa. Reviews, editorials, abstracts, and case studies were excluded.RESULTS: Six studies met the inclusion criteria. Male sex and younger age were the most consistently identified risk factors for poor engagement; however, there was a lack of consistency in the choice of covariates, measurement of the variables, analytic methods, and significant factors associated with poor engagement between studies. Alcohol use, substance use, living with HIV, pulmonary TB site, and ethnicity were all identified as risk factors in at least one included study, while formal housing and steady employment were found to be protective.CONCLUSION: The available literature offers little cohesive data to address poor patient engagement in this population. Further research needs to focus on identifying and addressing risk factors for poor patient engagement. This is particularly salient within the context of newer all-oral and short-course MDR-TB treatment regimens.
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Kavishe, Neema, Ian Jefferson, and Nicholas Chileshe. "An analysis of the delivery challenges influencing public-private partnership in housing projects." Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 25, no. 2 (March 19, 2018): 202–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ecam-12-2016-0261.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is twofold: first, to identify and rank the challenges influencing the delivery of the housing public-private partnership (HPPP) in Tanzania; and second, to suggest solutions in the form of a conceptual public-private partnership (PPP) framework model that will address the identified challenges and boost the chances of success. Design/methodology/approach Using a convergent parallel (concurrent) mixed method approach, data were collected from 28 stakeholders involved with HPPP projects in Tanzania using a hand-delivered and e-mail survey and 13 semi-structured interviews with public and private sector respondents. The quantitative data included subjecting the 19 challenges as identified from the literature to parametric tests such as one-sample t-tests and descriptive statistics tests such as measures of central tendencies and frequency analysis through Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS 22.0). Qualitative data employed content analysis. The research was further underpinned by a number of theoretical perspectives such as Gidden’s structuration theory, contingency theory, relational and equity theory. Findings The top five ranked challenges influencing the delivery of HPPP were “inadequate PPP skills and knowledge”; “poor contracting and tendering documents”; “inadequate project management”; “inadequate legal framework”; and “misinformation on financial capacity of private partners”. The least six ranked and most significant challenges based on the one-sample (single) t-tests were as follows: “Poor risk allocation”; “inexperienced private partner”; “unequal qualification and contributions of expertise”; “poor enabling environment to attract competent partners”; “inadequate mechanisms for recovery of private investors’ capital”; and “high costs in procuring PPP projects”. The qualitative study further confirmed the challenges and cited the reason for the failure of joint venture projects as the lack of motivation for undertaking similar PPP projects. Despite the increased awareness of PPP projects and associated marginal benefits, the main impediment to the uptake and delivery of PPP housing projects remained the lack of skills and expertise. Research limitations/implications The proposed framework model is not yet tested, but since this paper is part of the ongoing research, the next stage involves the testing and validation of the model. Future studies could test the applicability of the proposed framework in other HPPP projects in Tanzania, and in other similar developing countries. Second, the validated framework can contribute towards addressing similar challenges as well as providing guidance. The proposed framework model is not yet tested, but since this paper is part of the ongoing research, the next stage involves the testing and validation of the model. Furthermore, recommendation for future research is to test the alignment of the identified challenges to the proposed remedial solutions across the five phases within the proposed PPP framework with a number of case studies. Practical implications The identified challenges were used to form the basis of the framework presented in this paper. Furthermore, these provide useful information, thus leading to increased awareness to enable successful delivery of HPPP in Tanzania. Similarly, both the government and policy makers could use the findings as the basis for re-examining the existing PPP policy and regulations, and reflecting on the existing situation with a view to improving the delivery of future HPPP projects. Originality/value The empirical study is among the first that identifies and ranks the challenges of PPP for housing projects delivery within the Tanzanian context. The identification of the challenges enabled their ranking, resulting in the mapping out of the most critical challenges. Furthermore, using the Gidden’s structuration theory, the study illustrates how institution mechanisms (structures) address these delivery challenges, thus influencing the implementation of HPPP in Tanzania, and how individual stakeholders (human agents or agency) are able to make choices (advocated solutions) in dealing with the challenges. More so, these constraints (challenges) as identified and viewed through the contingency and equity theoretical lenses form the foundation for developing the PPP conceptual framework. The proposed framework would thus serve as a mechanism for providing practical solutions as well as reducing the level of severity of the identified challenges.
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Perrotta, Samantha, and Bruno Losier. "Report on the Distribution of the Social Determinants of Health and Health Equity in a Forensic Psychiatry Program." International Journal of Risk and Recovery 4, no. 2 (December 19, 2021): 31–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15173/ijrr.v4i2.4545.
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The social determinants of health are important factors that shape a person’s well-being, life expectancy, and quality of life. The environments in which people live, work, and play are paramount in determining their overall health. As such, viewing health as an outcome, not only of individual choices and biomedical factors but also of socioenvironmental influences, can be an important lens to guide health-care practice. This report examined the social determinants of health of people admitted to inpatient units in a forensic psychiatry program in a major Canadian urban centre. Twenty health variables were collected from the Resident Assessment Instrument–Mental Health form. A deprivation scale was created to understand social and material inequality on a gradient. Findings showed that those surveyed had high rates of poor social determinant of health factors, such as low educational attainment, insecure housing, and lack of secure employment before their admission to the program. Chi-square tests showed associations between material deprivation, race, and comorbidity status. The findings may influence a multisectorial approach to mental illness prevention, management, and recovery practices.
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Thi Bich Vân, Nguyen. "Bamboo - the eco-friendly material – one of the material solutions of the sustainable interior design in Viet Nam." MATEC Web of Conferences 193 (2018): 04014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819304014.
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Today, sustainable architecture is not just a trend but an architectural style that has become a "revolution." The lack of interior focus in the process of sustainable architectural development has created a gap between architects, interior designers, clients, or those wishing to live in a responsible construction environment. Responsibility for nature and people. Although environmentally sustainable interior design (ESID) has become a major issue in interior design practice, the frequency with which interior designers make sustainable choices in real practice is still limited, especially when choosing materials. Among these materials, this study wants to emphasize bamboo materials in sustainable furniture design in Vietnam. Indeed, this is a common material in sustainable design in Vietnam, and there are also many studies on the use of bamboo materials in housing construction. However, the paper raises main issues: role of bamboo material in interior design in Vietnam, the better access to a basic knowledge of sustainability, and more up-to-date information about sustainable materials will play a critical role in promoting sustainable practicing in Viet Nam.
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Olufemi, Olusola. "Homelessness and Hiv/Aids in Johannesburg." Open House International 33, no. 4 (December 1, 2008): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-04-2008-b0008.
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This paper contends that the peculiar, chronic, itinerant lifestyles and precarious spaces occupied by the homeless enhance their risk and vulnerability to HIV/AIDS. These spaces, including the streets, shacks and cardboard boxes, mine dumps and unorganised shelters, expose them to indecent lifestyles, poor choices and greater risk of HIV, as well as Tuberculosis (TB) and Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs). This study was conducted amongst street homeless people, shack and hostel dwellers in informal settlements in various locations in Johannesburg. Inferences were drawn from the personal experiences of homeless people, and inputs from individuals and organisations that are engaged and work in the field of homelessness. Types of dwellings, overcrowding, livelihoods, knowledge of HIV/AIDS and survival sex are among the issues examined. Preliminary findings indicate that, firstly, poverty is a leading cause of precarious housing among the homeless. Secondly, behavioural practices, especially survival sex, make homeless people vulnerable to HIV. As a result, there is an increase in mortality rates from both HIV and AIDS amongst this group of people. Thirdly, the difficulties homeless people experience in gaining access to water, sanitation and health care services also compromises the care of those who are infected or affected by HIV/AIDS. Finally, other barriers to care and determinants of vulnerability to HIV/AIDS are the lack of knowledge, judgemental attitudes of the care providers overcrowding and lack of adequate nutrition amongst the homeless.
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CASTELL, A. G., and J. H. STRAIN. "INFLUENCE OF DIET AND SEX-TYPE (BOAR, CASTRATE OR GILT) ON LIVE AND CARCASS MEASUREMENTS OF SELF-FED PIGS FROM TWO BREED LINES DIFFERING IN GROWTH RATES." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 65, no. 1 (March 1, 1985): 185–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas85-019.
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A pair of boar, castrate and gilt littermates were obtained from 12 litters in each of two breed (Lacombe, Yorkshire) lines which differed in growth rate. The 18 progeny from three litters of the same breed were assigned to three adjacent pens, each housing six pigs of the same sex-type. Subsequently, from 9 wk of age to 89 kg market weight, pigs representing six of the litters from each line received a Test Station diet (16.3% protein and 12.48 MJ metabolizable energy/kg; calculated contents) ad libitum while the other 72 pigs were similarly fed a lower nutrient density diet (16.1% and 11.71 MJ, respectively). As expected, average rates of growth and feed intake were higher for pigs from the Lacombe line (793 g and 2330 g/day, respectively, vs. 646 g and 1900 g/day). The dietary treatments influenced these criteria in the Lacombe pigs (P < 0.08 and P < 0.01, respectively) but not in the Yorkshire pigs. In contrast, the significant (P < 0.05) effects of diet on carcass measurements were more evident in pigs from the Yorkshire line. In both lines, live performance was affected (P < 0.05) by sex-type and boars were consistently leaner than castrates, but the superiority of gilts over castrates with respect to estimates of carcass lean content was limited to the Yorkshire pigs. The lack of significant differences between Lacombe castrate and gilt carcasses could be attributed to the relative responses of the sex-types to higher levels of feed intake. Further confirmation of the difference in these responses could have implications with respect to the choice of diet and sex-type in pig testing systems used to identify replacement breeding stock. Key words: Pigs, feed intake, sex effects, growth, carcass
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Beck, Joshua J., and Richard O. Garris. "Managing Personal Finance Literacy in the United States: A Case Study." Education Sciences 9, no. 2 (June 12, 2019): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci9020129.
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This study investigates the perspectives and impact that personal finance education had on participants in Western Pennsylvania. The researchers begin with a literature review of personal finance courses in the United States (U.S.). The U.S. housing market collapse is also discussed as a key component of the financial crisis that is often overlooked and can be partly attributed to the lack of financial literacy. The findings of this study indicate that participants want personal finance courses offered in K-12 schools and at the collegiate level. They also want personal finance elements to be co-curricular in the K-12 setting. A recommendation based on responses from participants is that co-curricular teaching of personal finance should be tied in with math courses. The participants of this study either have benefited from personal finance lessons themselves or are a strong advocate for the teaching of personal finance in the future. The financial future does also bring worry to the different generations. Generation X is more worried about the financial choices of the upcoming generations, while Millennials and Generation Z are concerned about the future of the economy and how this will affect them.
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Grum, Bojan, and Darja Kobal Grum. "Concepts of social sustainability based on social infrastructure and quality of life." Facilities 38, no. 11/12 (May 21, 2020): 783–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/f-04-2020-0042.
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Purpose There is a lack of theoretical and empirical studies regarding concepts of social sustainability based on social infrastructure. The idea of understanding this paper is that quality social infrastructure leads to the general quality of people’s life in the built environment and that is rounded up to social sustainability. This paper aims to integrate these concepts into the network, hereinafter referred to as a social sustainability model. Design/methodology/approach The methodology used in this paper is desk research. The authors follow methodological steps in the building of conceptual network: setting up a research problem; choice of databases; reviewing the literature and categorizing the selected data; identifying and default conceptual definition; integrating the concepts; synthesis and making it all make sense; and assembly and validating the concept. Through that, a large volume of bibliographic materials was scanned, and a limited number of documents have been reviewed and critiqued. The documents have been selected from varied disciplines, including social infrastructure, quality of life, social sustainability, urban sociology, housing policy as among the articles. Findings The result is the model which represents the links between social infrastructure (utility equipment, public infrastructure, vital objects and fundamentals) and further between factors inside quality of life structure (users, quality of life, reflections). The result is the model which representing the links between social infrastructure (utility equipment, public infrastructure, vital objects and fundamentals) and further between factors inside well-being structure (users, quality of life, reflections). Research limitations/implications There is a potential risk of errors arising from the use of assumptions, limited desk reviews and data from secondary resources. Originality/value The authors portray the development of social sustainability model. Within this model, the authors can critically observe all levels within the existing built environment: user responses to the built environment, their satisfaction, social inclusion, health, etc. Within this model, they can observe the links between existing research, their frequency, capture, direction and not least to determine which areas have not been explored and where the lacks of research are. The conclusion outlines the framework and its main concepts of social sustainability based on social infrastructure and well-being, including their theoretical premises and components.
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Yung, Betty, and Barbara Leung. "Choice or No Choice? Genuine or Fake Choice? – A Qualitative Study for Reflecting on Housing Choice." Critical Housing Analysis 7, no. 2 (2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.13060/23362839.2020.7.2.510.
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This paper seeks to reflect on issues related to the nature of housing choice, drawing on qualitative empirical data collected in in-depth interviews. This paper discusses two perspectives related to housing choice, namely, the ‘market perspective of housing choice’ and the ‘perspective of housing choice for well-being’. The ‘market perspective of housing choice’ highlights that desirability generally increases with a greater range of housing choice as the housing supply increases till a climax is reached, after which a further expansion of housing choice may indicate an excess housing supply, which may not be advantageous and home-buyers may instead ‘decide not to choose or buy’. The ‘perspective of housing choice for well-being’ reveals that choice in the housing arena is often viewed as a means to eventual well-being, rather than as an end in itself. Housing choice is ‘genuine’ and ‘meaningful’ if there are meaningful and significant options among a few desirable housing alternatives. ‘Fake housing choice’ involves having to choose from among housing options that are all generally bad.
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Chen, Yujuan, Ning Lin, Liang Ding, Jianping Qu, and Qijun Zhou. "Spatial evolution and influencing factors of religious places from a socio-spatial perspective: An empirical analysis of Christianity in China." PLOS ONE 17, no. 3 (March 21, 2022): e0265675. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0265675.
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The mismatch between the supply and demand of religious places has resulted from a lack of management, population mobility, and urban socio-spatial differentiation. Furthermore, the identity of religious groups and the localized characteristics of their behavioral practices continue to dominate the evolution of religious places. Therefore, this study analyzed the spatio-temporal patterns of Christian activity places, and further studied the characteristics and mechanisms of various influencing factors on the spatial distribution of places using a geographically weighted regression model from a socio-spatial perspective. The following results were obtained: (1) Christian activity places form a distribution pattern of circling aggregation within the core area and polycentric dispersion outside the core area. There is a certain coupling relationship between spatio-temporal patterns of places and marketization in Yiwu City. (2) The spatial differentiation pattern of influencing factors has an obvious circle-layer characteristic. The regression coefficients of population mobility, age structure, public services, and jobs-housing space are larger, and social structure and spatial resource allocation are becoming the main driving forces of spatial differentiation. (3) Due to the differences in spatial resource allocation and believers’ behavioral choices, the above factors have distinct differences in urban core areas, urban-rural transition areas and rural areas.
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Streimikiene, Dalia, and Tomas Balezentis. "Willingness to Pay for Renovation of Multi-Flat Buildings and to Share the Costs of Renovation." Energies 13, no. 11 (May 28, 2020): 2721. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13112721.
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The paper deals with the problems linked to the energy renovation of multi-apartment buildings and developed a case study in Lithuania with the aim to assess the household’s willingness to pay for energy renovation and to define the main barriers preventing the households from making decisions to renovate their apartments in residential buildings. Energy renovation provides huge energy savings and greenhouse gas emissions reduction potential and though policies and measures exist to promote large scale energy renovation, there are still many barriers and the pace of energy renovation is still very slow, especially in new EU member states and former Soviet Union members. These countries have inherited old, energy inefficient residential buildings from their Soviet past, and their inhabitants are locked in energy poverty because of their inability to renovate their apartments. This paper analyzed the current situation in the selected country and presents the results of a case study on willingness to pay (WTP) for energy renovation in Lithuanian residential buildings. The survey of 104 Lithuanian households living in unrenovated multi-flat buildings was conducted. The 39 multiple choice questions were asked in order to define the main barriers and drivers of energy renovation. The main results of this pilot study indicated that there are several important organizational and economic barriers for energy renovation in multi-flat buildings and current policies and support schemes have not addressed them in a proper way. The high heating bills and low heat comfort in apartments were the main drivers of energy renovation decision-making for households, however, inadequate state support, reluctance to take a loan due to low income, and inability to make collective decisions on renovation due to the lack of cooperation and housing association were the main barriers that prevented them from this step. New innovative schemes like the Energy Service Companies ESCO model with consolidated billing can be applied to address the identified barriers.
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Sednev, V. A. "Justification of methods for calculating electrical loads life support systems for the affected population and rescue units during field deployment." Technology of technosphere safety 94 (2021): 156–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.25257/tts.2021.4.94.156-171.
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Introduction. Over the past twenty years, the most severe natural and man-made disasters have occurred in various regions of the country and the world, as a result of which people were deprived of housing. The increase in the number, scale and duration of the consequences of emergencies related to the violation of the conditions of normal living of people requires the creation of temporary field accommodation points for the affected population, which create and serve rescue formations. At the same time, in the complex of tasks aimed at the life support of the population and rescue units in field temporary accommodation facilities, their electric power supply plays an important role. However, the established practice of calculating the electrical loads of stationary objects by methods based on data on separate electrical receivers makes it difficult to determine them for a field temporary location of people due to the lack of reliable information on its electrical receivers, which leads to significant errors in calculations, irrational composition of the electrical supply system and the use of its elements against the background of restrictions in the use of local energy resources and infrastructure facilities, which themselves may experience difficulties with reliable power supply due to the limited capacity of local power systems. The purpose of the study. Electric power supply and electric power safety of field temporary accommodation points of the affected population and rescue units, ensuring the required reliability of electric power supply, maximizing its efficiency in conditions of possible resource constraints and minimizing the influence of the uncertainty factor when planning power consumption. Research methods. The main provisions of the calculation of electrical loads, systems theory, set theory, probability theory and the apparatus of mathematical statistics. The results of the study. A methodology has been developed that allows to justify the power consumption of a temporary field accommodation facility for people, while the construction of its life support power supply system is carried out in accordance with the available consumers, taking into account their composition, area and other factors affecting the organization of the power supply system and the construction of consumers. Conclusion. The scientific and methodological approach to the choice of methods for calculating the electrical loads of the life support system of the affected population and rescue units during field deployment is substantiated, which also allows to resolve the contradiction between the need to organize the power supply of their life support and the lack of reasonable standards of power consumption of life support facilities and methods of their calculation. Key words: temporary field accommodation, life support, electric energy consumers, electric power supply, organization.