Journal articles: 'Lachnospiraceae'

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Vacca, Mirco, Giuseppe Celano, Francesco Maria Calabrese, Piero Portincasa, Marco Gobbetti, and Maria De Angelis. "The Controversial Role of Human Gut Lachnospiraceae." Microorganisms 8, no. 4 (April 15, 2020): 573. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8040573.

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The complex polymicrobial composition of human gut microbiota plays a key role in health and disease. Lachnospiraceae belong to the core of gut microbiota, colonizing the intestinal lumen from birth and increasing, in terms of species richness and their relative abundances during the host’s life. Although, members of Lachnospiraceae are among the main producers of short-chain fatty acids, different taxa of Lachnospiraceae are also associated with different intra- and extraintestinal diseases. Their impact on the host physiology is often inconsistent across different studies. Here, we discuss changes in Lachnospiraceae abundances according to health and disease. With the aim of harnessing Lachnospiraceae to promote human health, we also analyze how nutrients from the host diet can influence their growth and how their metabolites can, in turn, influence host physiology.

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Kitagami, Y., N. Kanzaki, and Y. Matsuda. "First report of segmented filamentous bacteria associated with Rhigonema sp. (Nematoda: Rhigonematidae) dwelling in hindgut of Riukiaria sp. (Diplopoda: Xystodesmidae)." Helminthologia 56, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 219–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/helm-2019-0018.

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SummaryWe morphologically and molecularly characterized segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) associated with Rhigonema sp. nematodes in millipede hindguts. Seventy-three Riukiaria sp. millipedes were collected from a broad-leaf forest in Japan, and nematodes were excised from the millipede’s hindguts. The occurrence rate of SFB associated with nematodes was 24 % (10/41) for males, 47 % (14/30) for females, and 100 % (2/2) for juveniles. Genomic DNA was extracted from four SFB-rich nematode heads, and we obtained 40 bacterial clones via analysis of nearly full-length 16S rDNA gene sequences. At the phylum level, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia accounted for 55 %, 40 %, and 5 % of SFB, respectively. In Firmicutes, Clostridiaceae (28 %) and Lachnospiraceae (15 %) were the dominant groups. Our sequences were divided into seven and three subclades between Firmicutes and Proteobacteria in the phylogenetic tree. In the Firmicutes clade, eight sequences were classified as Lachnospiraceae with a bootstrap value >83 %. A phylogenetic tree involving known uncultured Lachnospiraceae sequences characterized the phylogenetic position of SFB associated with nematodes. Our results suggest that the association of SFB with nematode bodies was probably incidental and that SFB are not always present in millipede hindguts. Our bacterial groups corresponded to those of arthropod hindgut, and SFB associated with nematodes were inferred to belong to Lachnospiraceae. Because the Lachnospiraceae sequences obtained in this study showed specific lineages that differed from all the known deposited sequence data, these groups may be unique to Riukiaria sp.

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Guo, Yawei, Xiaohui Zhu, Sha Zeng, Mingyi He, Xiurong Xing, and Changyuan Wang. "miRNA-10a-5p Alleviates Insulin Resistance and Maintains Diurnal Patterns of Triglycerides and Gut Microbiota in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice." Mediators of Inflammation 2020 (August 17, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8192187.

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miRNA-10a is rhythmically expressed and regulates genes involved in lipid and glucose metabolism. However, the effects of miRNA-10a on obesity and glucose intolerance, as well as on the diurnal pattern of expression of circadian clock genes, remain unknown. We explored the effects of miRNA-10a-5p on insulin resistance and on the diurnal patterns of serum triglycerides and gut microbiota in high-fat diet- (HFD-) fed mice. The results showed that oral administration of miRNA-10a-5p significantly prevented body weight gain and improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in HFD-fed mice. Administration of miRNA-10a-5p also maintained the diurnal rhythm of Clock, Per2, and Cry1 expression, as well as serum glucose and triglyceride levels. Surprisingly, the diurnal oscillations of three genera of microbes, Oscillospira, Ruminococcus, and Lachnospiraceae, disrupted by HFD feeding, maintained by administration of miRNA-10a-5p. Moreover, a strong positive correlation was found between hepatic Clock expression and relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae, both in control mice (r=0.877) and in mice administered miRNA-10a-5p (r=0.853). Furthermore, we found that along with changes in Lachnospiraceae abundance, butyrate content in the feces maintained a diurnal rhythm after miRNA-10a-5p administration in HFD-fed mice. In conclusion, we suggest that miRNA-10a-5p may improve HFD-induced glucose intolerance and insulin resistance through the modulation of the diurnal rhythm of Lachnospiraceae and its metabolite butyrate. Therefore, miRNA-10a-5p may have preventative properties in subjects with metabolic disorders.

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Tran, Mai H., Hajeung Park, Christopher L. Nobles, Pabalu Karunadharma, Li Pan, Guocai Zhong, Haimin Wang, et al. "A more efficient CRISPR-Cas12a variant derived from Lachnospiraceae bacterium MA2020." Molecular Therapy - Nucleic Acids 24 (June 2021): 40–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.omtn.2021.02.012.

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Juhász, János, Balázs Ligeti, Márió Gajdács, Nóra Makra, Eszter Ostorházi, Ferenc Balázs Farkas, Balázs Stercz, et al. "Colonization Dynamics of Multidrug-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Are Dictated by Microbiota-Cluster Group Behavior over Individual Antibiotic Susceptibility: A Metataxonomic Analysis." Antibiotics 10, no. 3 (March 7, 2021): 268. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10030268.

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Gastrointestinal carriage of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria is one of the main risk factors for developing serious, difficult-to-treat infections. Given that there is currently no all-round solution to eliminate colonization with MDR bacteria, it is particularly important to understand the dynamic process of colonization to aid the development of novel decolonization strategies. The aim of our present study was to perform metataxonomic analyses of gut microbiota dynamics during colonization with an extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)- and carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (ECKP) strain in mice; additionally, to ascertain the effects of antibiotic administration (ampicillin, ceftazidime, and ciprofloxacin) on the establishment and elimination of ECKP intestinal colonization. We have found that the phyla Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were most dominant in all of the treatment groups; however, Bacteroidetes was more common in the groups treated with antibiotics compared to the control group. Significant differences were observed among the different antibiotic-treated groups in beta but not alpha diversity, implying that the difference is the relative abundance of some bacterial community members. Bacteria from the Lachnospiraceae family (including Agathobacter, Anaerostipes, Lachnoclostridium 11308, Lachnospiraceae UCG-004, Lachnospiraceae NK3A20 group 11318, Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group 11319, Roseburia, and Tyzzerella) showed an inverse relationship with the carriage rate of the ECKP strain, whereas members of Enterobacteriaceae and the ECKP strain have shown a correlational relationship. Our results suggest that the composition of the microbial community plays a primary role in the MDR-colonization rate, whereas the antibiotic susceptibility of individual MDR strains affects this process to a lesser extent. Distinct bacterial families have associated into microbial clusters, collecting taxonomically close species to produce survival benefits in the gut. These associations do not develop at random, as they may be attributed to the presence of specific metabolomic networks. A new concept should be introduced in designing future endeavors for MDR decolonization, supplemented by knowledge of the composition of the host bacterial community and the identification of bacterial clusters capable of suppressing or enhancing the invader species.

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Carlier, Jean-Philippe, Guylène K'ouas, Isabelle Bonne, Alain Lozniewski, and Francine Mory. "Oribacterium sinus gen. nov., sp. nov., within the family ‘Lachnospiraceae’ (phylum Firmicutes)." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 54, no. 5 (September 1, 2004): 1611–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.63060-0.

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A hitherto unknown anaerobic bacillus isolated from sinus pus in a young child (strain AIP 354.02T) was characterized by using phenotypic and genotypic methods. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that this strain was phylogenetically affiliated with several sequences of cloned 16S rRNA gene inserts previously deposited in the public databases. According to their 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, these uncultivated bacteria, together with strain AIP 354.02T, formed a separate subgroup belonging to the family ‘Lachnospiraceae’ within the phylum Firmicutes. Oribacterium gen. nov. is proposed for this group of organisms and Oribacterium sinus gen. nov. sp. nov. for strain AIP 354.02T (=CIP 107991T=CCUG 48084T).

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Park, Miey, Jihee Choi, and Hae-Jeung Lee. "Flavonoid-Rich Orange Juice Intake and Altered Gut Microbiome in Young Adults with Depressive Symptom: A Randomized Controlled Study." Nutrients 12, no. 6 (June 18, 2020): 1815. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12061815.

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Depression is not just a general mental health problem but a serious medical illness that can worsen without treatment. The gut microbiome plays a major role in the two-way communication system between the intestines and brain. The current study examined the effects of flavonoids on depression by observing the changes in the gut microbiome and depressive symptoms of young participants consuming flavonoid-rich orange juice. The depressive symptom was assessed using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), a psychiatric screening tool used to detect preexisting mental disorders. The study population was randomly divided into two groups: the flavonoid-rich orange juice (FR) and an equicaloric flavonoid-low orange cordial (FL) group. For 8 weeks, participants consumed FR (serving a daily 380 mL, 600 ± 5.4 mg flavonoids) or FL (serving a daily 380 mL, 108 ± 2.6 mg flavonoids). In total, 80 fecal samples from 40 participants (mean age, 21.83 years) were sequenced. Regarding depression, we observed positive correlations between brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and the Lachnospiraceae family (Lachnospiraceae_uc and Murimonas) before flavonoid orange juice treatment. Most notably, the abundance of the Lachnospiraceae family (Lachnospiraceae_uc, Eubacterium_g4, Roseburia_uc, Coprococcus_g2_uc, Agathobacter_uc) increased after FR treatment compared to that after FL treatment. We also validated the presence of unclassified Lachnospiraceae through sensitive real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction using stool samples from participants before and after flavonoid treatment. Our results provide novel interventional evidence that alteration in the microbiome due to flavonoid treatment is related to a potential improvement in depression in young adults.

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Dou, Xiujing, Nan Gao, Di Yan, and Anshan Shan. "Sodium Butyrate Alleviates Mouse Colitis by Regulating Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis." Animals 10, no. 7 (July 7, 2020): 1154. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10071154.

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Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) develops as a result of complicated interactions between genetic susceptibility, excessive innate immunity, and environmental factors, which are mainly related to the gut microbiota. The present study aimed to elucidate the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of a short-chain fatty acid salt, sodium butyrate, on colonic inflammation induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in mice. Pretreatment with sodium butyrate attenuated colitis, as demonstrated by the decreased disease activity index (DAI), colon length shortening, spleen tumidness, and histopathology scores, while maintaining intestinal barrier integrity, as observed by H&E staining and electron microscopy. 16S rRNA sequence analysis revealed that sodium butyrate caused a remarkable alteration of the gut microbiota. Bacteroides, Lachnospiraceae, the Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group, and Ruminiclostridium 6 presented dramatic differences after sodium butyrate supplementation. This work verifies that sodium butyrate can improve mouse colitis via microbe–host interactions by regulating the microbial community. Taken together, the findings demonstrate that sodium butyrate shows great potential as a probiotic agent for ameliorating colitis.

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Companys, Judit, Maria José Gosalbes, Laura Pla-Pagà, Lorena Calderón-Pérez, Elisabet Llauradó, Anna Pedret, Rosa Maria Valls, et al. "Gut Microbiota Profile and Its Association with Clinical Variables and Dietary Intake in Overweight/Obese and Lean Subjects: A Cross-Sectional Study." Nutrients 13, no. 6 (June 13, 2021): 2032. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13062032.

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We aimed to differentiate gut microbiota composition of overweight/obese and lean subjects and to determine its association with clinical variables and dietary intake. A cross-sectional study was performed with 96 overweight/obese subjects and 32 lean subjects. Anthropometric parameters were positively associated with Collinsella aerofaciens, Dorea formicigenerans and Dorea longicatena, which had higher abundance the overweight/obese subjects. Moreover, different genera of Lachnospiraceae were negatively associated with body fat, LDL and total cholesterol. Saturated fatty acids (SFAs) were negatively associated with the genus Intestinimonas, a biomarker of the overweight/obese group, whereas SFAs were positively associated with Roseburia, a biomarker for the lean group. In conclusion, Dorea formicigenerans, Dorea longicatena and Collinsella aerofaciens could be considered obesity biomarkers, Lachnospiraceae is associated with lipid cardiovascular risk factors. SFAs exhibited opposite association profiles with butyrate-producing bacteria depending on the BMI. Thus, the relationship between diet and microbiota opens new tools for the management of obesity.

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Amir, Itay, Philippe Bouvet, Christine Legeay, Uri Gophna, and Abraham Weinberger. "Eisenbergiella tayi gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from human blood." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 64, Pt_3 (March 1, 2014): 907–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.057331-0.

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A catalase-positive, rod-shaped, non-proteolytic, non-motile, anaerobic bacterial strain, designated B086562T, was isolated from a blood culture of an 84-year-old male patient in Israel. According to 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogeny, this strain has no known close relatives among recognized bacteria but should be placed within the family Lachnospiraceae . The most closely related recognized bacteria were from the ‘ Clostridium clostridioforme group’: C. clostridioforme (92.4 %) and Clostridium bolteae (92.3 %). The isolate produced butyrate, lactate, acetate and succinate as major metabolic end products. The major fatty acids were C16 : 0 and C18 : 1 cis 9 DMA and the DNA G+C content was 46.0 mol%. On the basis of the phenotypic properties and phylogenetic distinctiveness, the blood isolate represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Lachnospiraceae , for which the name Eisenbergiella tayi gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Eisenbergiella tayi is B086562T ( = LMG 27400T = DSM 26961T = ATCC BAA-2558T).

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Zhang, Jindong, Lijin Song, Yujing Wang, Chang Liu, Lu Zhang, Shiwei Zhu, Shuangjiang Liu, and Liping Duan. "Beneficial effect of butyrate‐producing Lachnospiraceae on stress‐induced visceral hypersensitivity in rats." Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 34, no. 8 (December 16, 2018): 1368–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jgh.14536.

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Thompson, Claire L., Rahel Vier, Aram Mikaelyan, Tobias Wienemann, and Andreas Brune. "‘Candidatus Arthromitus’ revised: segmented filamentous bacteria in arthropod guts are members of Lachnospiraceae." Environmental Microbiology 14, no. 6 (March 21, 2012): 1454–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1462-2920.2012.02731.x.

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Mahayri, Tiziana Maria, Kateřina Olša Fliegerová, Silvana Mattiello, Stefania Celozzi, Jakub Mrázek, Chahrazed Mekadim, Hana Sechovcová, Simona Kvasnová, Elie Atallah, and Giuseppe Moniello. "Host Species Affects Bacterial Evenness, but Not Diversity: Comparison of Fecal Bacteria of Cows and Goats Offered the Same Diet." Animals 12, no. 16 (August 9, 2022): 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12162011.

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The aim of this study was to compare the diversity and composition of fecal bacteria in goats and cows offered the same diet and to evaluate the influence of animal species on the gut microbiome. A total of 17 female goats (Blond Adamellan) and 16 female cows (Brown Swiss) kept on an organic farm were fed pasture and hay. Bacterial structure in feces was examined by high-throughput sequencing using the V4–V5 region of the 16S rRNA gene. The Alpha diversity measurements of the bacterial community showed no statistical differences in species richness and diversity between the two groups of ruminants. However, the Pielou evenness index revealed a significant difference and showed higher species evenness in cows compared to goats. Beta diversity measurements showed statistical dissimilarities and significant clustering of bacterial composition between goats and cows. Firmicutes were the dominant phylum in both goats and cows, followed by Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Spirochaetes. Linear discriminant analysis with effect size (LEfSe) showed a total of 36 significantly different taxa between goats and cows. Notably, the relative abundance of Ruminococcaceae UCG-005, Christensenellaceae R-7 group, Ruminococcaceae UCG-010, Ruminococcaceae UCG-009, Ruminococcaceae UCG-013, Ruminococcaceae UCG-014, Ruminococcus 1, Ruminococcaceae UCG-002, Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group, Treponema 2, Lachnospiraceae AC2044 group, and Bacillus was higher in goats compared to cows. In contrast, the relative abundance of Turicibacter, Solibacillus, Alloprevotella, Prevotellaceae UCG-001, Negativibacillus, Lachnospiraceae UCG-006, and Eubacterium hallii group was higher in cows compared with goats. Our results suggest that diet shapes the bacterial community in feces, but the host species has a significant impact on community structure, as reflected primarily in the relative abundance of certain taxa.

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Hedberg, Maria E., Edward R. B. Moore, Liselott Svensson-Stadler, Per Hörstedt, Vladimir Baranov, Olle Hernell, Sun Nyunt Wai, Sten Hammarström, and Marie-Louise Hammarström. "Lachnoanaerobaculum gen. nov., a new genus in the Lachnospiraceae : characterization of Lachnoanaerobaculum umeaense gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from the human small intestine, and Lachnoanaerobaculum orale sp. nov., isolated from saliva, and reclassification of Eubacterium saburreum (Prévot 1966) Holdeman and Moore 1970 as Lachnoanaerobaculum saburreum comb. nov." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 62, Pt_11 (November 1, 2012): 2685–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.033613-0.

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Two novel obligately anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive, saccharolytic and non-proteolytic spore-forming bacilli (strains CD3 : 22T and N1T) are described. Strain CD3 : 22T was isolated from a biopsy of the small intestine of a child with coeliac disease, and strain N1T from the saliva of a healthy young man. The cells of both strains were observed to be filamentous, approximately 5 to >20 µm long, some of them curving and with swellings. The novel organisms produced H2S, NH3, butyric acid and acetic acid as major metabolic end products. Phylogenetic analyses, based on comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing, revealed close relationships (98 % sequence similarity) between the two isolates, as well as the type strain of Eubacterium saburreum and four other Lachnospiraceae bacterium-/ E. saburreum -like organisms. This group of bacteria were clearly different from any of the 19 known genera in the family Lachnospiraceae . While Eubacterium species are reported to be non-spore-forming, reanalysis of E. saburreum CCUG 28089T confirmed that the bacterium is indeed able to form spores. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, phenotypic and biochemical properties, strains CD3 : 22T and N1T represent novel species of a new and distinct genus, named Lachnoanaerobaculum gen. nov., in the family Lachnospiraceae [within the order Clostridiales , class Clostridia , phylum Firmicutes ]. Strain CD3 : 22T ( = CCUG 58757T = DSM 23576T) is the type strain of the type species, Lachnoanaerobaculum umeaense gen. nov., sp. nov., of the proposed new genus. Strain N1T ( = CCUG 60305T = DSM 24553T) is the type strain of Lachnoanaerobaculum orale sp. nov. Moreover, Eubacterium saburreum is reclassified as Lachnoanaerobaculum saburreum comb. nov. (type strain CCUG 28089T = ATCC 33271T = CIP 105341T = DSM 3986T = JCM 11021T = VPI 11763T).

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Hagey, Jill V., Maia Laabs, Elizabeth A. Maga, and Edward J. DePeters. "Rumen sampling methods bias bacterial communities observed." PLOS ONE 17, no. 5 (May 5, 2022): e0258176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0258176.

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The rumen is a complex ecosystem that plays a critical role in our efforts to improve feed efficiency of cattle and reduce their environmental impacts. Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene provides a powerful tool to survey the bacterial and some archaeal. Oral stomach tubing a cow to collect a rumen sample is a rapid, cost-effective alternative to rumen cannulation for acquiring rumen samples. In this study, we determined how sampling method (oral stomach tubing vs cannulated grab sample), as well as rumen fraction type (liquid vs solid), bias the bacterial and archaeal communities observed. Liquid samples were further divided into liquid strained through cheesecloth and unstrained. Fecal samples were also collected to determine how these differed from the rumen sample types. The abundance of major archaeal communities was not different at the family level in samples acquired via rumen cannula or stomach tube. In contrast to the stable archaeal communities across sample type, the bacterial order WCHB1-41 (phylum Kiritimatiellaeota) was enriched in both liquid strained and unstrained samples as well as the family Prevotellaceae as compared to grab samples. However, these liquid samples had significantly lower abundance of Lachnospiraceae compared with grab samples. Solid samples strained of rumen liquid most closely resembled the grab samples containing both rumen liquid and solid particles obtained directly from the rumen cannula; therefore, inclusion of particulate matter is important for an accurate representation of the rumen bacteria. Stomach tube samples were the most variable and were most representative of the liquid phase. In comparison with a grab sample, stomach tube samples had significantly lower abundance of Lachnospiraceae, Fibrobacter and Treponema. Fecal samples did not reflect the community composition of the rumen, as fecal samples had significantly higher relative abundance of Ruminococcaceae and significantly lower relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae compared with grab samples.

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Haas, Kelly Nicole, and Jeffrey L. Blanchard. "Kineothrix alysoides, gen. nov., sp. nov., a saccharolytic butyrate-producer within the family Lachnospiraceae." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 67, no. 2 (February 1, 2017): 402–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.001643.

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Rossi, Eliandra Mirlei, Eduardo Ottobelli Chielle, Jessica Fernanda Barreto Honorato, Cinthia Bertolini, and Letícia Marconatto. "Gut microbiota of obese individuals and their relation with the onset of obesity / Microbiota intestinal de indivíduos obesos e a sua relação com o início da obesidade." Brazilian Journal of Development 8, no. 1 (January 10, 2022): 1921–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.34117//bjdv8n1-123.

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The gut microbiota has been linked to obesity in humans. This study aimed to characterize the fecal microbiota of normal weight, overweight and obese individuals and the interaction with metabolic parameters and the development of obesity. Blood and feces samples were collected from 169 patients. Patients were grouped based on body mass index (BMI): normal weight (NW, 18-24.9), overweight (OW, 25-29.9) and obesity (OB, ≥ 30) with age between 18 and 30 years. Serum of patient was used to characterize the metabolic profile and fecal microbiota was characterized. As expected, Firmicutes presented the highest proportion. No significant differences were found in the microbiota when compared among the groups. The most abundant genera in normal weight individuals were an OTU belonging to the family Lachnospiraceae. OW patients, the most abundant genera were Bacillus. In OB patients, the most abundant genera were an OTU belonging to the family Lachnospiraceae. The results os metabolic profile showed significant differences to OB group mainly for cholesterol, Triglycerides, LDL-c, HOMA, and TBARS. These results will help us to understand the connection between microbiota and metabolic profile in those groups.

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Guo, Hongran, Guangchen Zhou, Guangjie Tian, Yuyang Liu, Ning Dong, Linfang Li, Shijun Zhang, Haochen Chai, Yulin Chen, and Yuxin Yang. "Changes in Rumen Microbiota Affect Metabolites, Immune Responses and Antioxidant Enzyme Activities of Sheep under Cold Stimulation." Animals 11, no. 3 (March 5, 2021): 712. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11030712.

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Low-temperature environments can strongly affect the normal growth and health of livestock. In winter, cold weather can be accompanied by strong winds that aggravate the effects of cold on livestock. In this study, two experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of low temperature and/or wind speed on physiological indices, rumen microbiota, immune responses and oxidative stress in sheep. When sheep were exposed to cold temperature and/or stronger wind speeds, the average daily gain (ADG) decreased (p < 0.05), and the abundance of Lachnospiraceae was significantly higher (p < 0.05). The acetate and propionate contents and the proportion of propionate in the rumen also significantly reduced (p < 0.05). The immunoglobulin G (IgG) and TH1-related cytokines in the blood were significantly lower (p < 0.05). However, antioxidant enzyme contents were significantly increased and the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) was reduced (p < 0.05). In a cold environment, the abundance of Lachnospiraceae in the rumen of sheep was highly enriched, and the decreasing of propionate might be one of the factors affecting the immunity of the animals, the sheep did not suffer from oxidative damage during the experiment.

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Nguyen, Thuong T., Ayumi Miyake, Tu T. M. Tran, Takeshi Tsuruta, and Naoki Nishino. "The Relationship between Uterine, Fecal, Bedding, and Airborne Dust Microbiota from Dairy Cows and Their Environment: A Pilot Study." Animals 9, no. 12 (November 21, 2019): 1007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9121007.

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The aim of this study was to characterize uterine, fecal, bedding, and airborne dust microbiota from postpartum dairy cows and their environment. The cows were managed by the free-stall housing system, and samples for microbiota and serum metabolite assessment were collected during summer and winter when the cows were at one and two months postpartum. Uterine microbiota varied between seasons; the five most prevalent taxa were Enterobacteriaceae, Moraxellaceae, Ruminococcaceae, Staphylococcaceae, and Lactobacillaceae during summer, and Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Bacteroidaceae, Moraxellaceae, and Clostridiaceae during winter. Although Actinomycetaceae and Mycoplasmataceae were detected at high abundance in several uterine samples, the relationship between the uterine microbiota and serum metabolite concentrations was unclear. The fecal microbiota was stable regardless of the season, whereas bedding and airborne dust microbiota varied between summer and winter. With regards to uterine, bedding, and airborne dust microbiota, Enterobacteriaceae, Moraxellaceae, Staphylococcaceae, and Lactobacillaceae were more abundant during summer, and Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Bacteroidaceae, and Clostridiaceae were more abundant during winter. Canonical analysis of principal coordinates confirmed the relationship between uterine and cowshed microbiota. These results indicated that the uterine microbiota may vary when the microbiota in cowshed environments changes.

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Zhang, Xiu Min, Rodolfo F. Medrano, Min Wang, Karen A. Beauchemin, Zhi Yuan Ma, Rong Wang, Jiang Nan Wen, Bernard A. Lukuyu, Zhi Liang Tan, and Jian Hua He. "Corn oil supplementation enhances hydrogen use for biohydrogenation, inhibits methanogenesis, and alters fermentation pathways and the microbial community in the rumen of goats." Journal of Animal Science 97, no. 12 (November 19, 2019): 4999–5008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz352.

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Abstract Enteric methane (CH4) emissions are not only an important source of greenhouse gases but also a loss of dietary energy in livestock. Corn oil (CO) is rich in unsaturated fatty acid with >50% PUFA, which may enhance ruminal biohydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids, leading to changes in ruminal H2 metabolism and methanogenesis. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of CO supplementation of a diet on CH4 emissions, nutrient digestibility, ruminal dissolved gases, fermentation, and microbiota in goats. Six female goats were used in a crossover design with two dietary treatments, which included control and CO supplementation (30 g/kg DM basis). CO supplementation did not alter total-tract organic matter digestibility or populations of predominant ruminal fibrolytic microorganisms (protozoa, fungi, Ruminococcus albus, Ruminococcus flavefaciens, and Fibrobacter succinogenes), but reduced enteric CH4 emissions (g/kg DMI, −15.1%, P = 0.003). CO supplementation decreased ruminal dissolved hydrogen (dH2, P < 0.001) and dissolved CH4 (P < 0.001) concentrations, proportions of total unsaturated fatty acids (P < 0.001) and propionate (P = 0.015), and increased proportions of total SFAs (P < 0.001) and acetate (P < 0.001), and acetate to propionate ratio (P = 0.038) in rumen fluid. CO supplementation decreased relative abundance of family Bacteroidales_BS11_gut_group (P = 0.032), increased relative abundance of family Rikenellaceae (P = 0.021) and Lachnospiraceae (P = 0.025), and tended to increase relative abundance of genus Butyrivibrio_2 (P = 0.06). Relative abundance (P = 0.09) and 16S rRNA gene copies (P = 0.043) of order Methanomicrobiales, and relative abundance of genus Methanomicrobium (P = 0.09) also decreased with CO supplementation, but relative abundance (P = 0.012) and 16S rRNA gene copies (P = 0.08) of genus Methanobrevibacter increased. In summary, CO supplementation increased rumen biohydrogenatation by facilitating growth of biohydrogenating bacteria of family Lachnospiraceae and genus Butyrivibrio_2 and may have enhanced reductive acetogenesis by facilitating growth of family Lachnospiraceae. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of CO led to a shift of fermentation pathways that enhanced acetate production and decreased rumen dH2 concentration and CH4 emissions.

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Biddle, Amy, Lucy Stewart, Jeffrey Blanchard, and Susan Leschine. "Untangling the Genetic Basis of Fibrolytic Specialization by Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae in Diverse Gut Communities." Diversity 5, no. 3 (August 9, 2013): 627–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d5030627.

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Newton, Ryan J., Jessica L. VandeWalle, Mark A. Borchardt, Marc H. Gorelick, and Sandra L. McLellan. "Lachnospiraceae and Bacteroidales Alternative Fecal Indicators Reveal Chronic Human Sewage Contamination in an Urban Harbor." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 77, no. 19 (July 29, 2011): 6972–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.05480-11.

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ABSTRACTThe complexity of fecal microbial communities and overlap among human and other animal sources have made it difficult to identify source-specific fecal indicator bacteria. However, the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies now provides increased sequencing power to resolve microbial community composition within and among environments. These data can be mined for information on source-specific phylotypes and/or assemblages of phylotypes (i.e., microbial signatures). We report the development of a new genetic marker for human fecal contamination identified through microbial pyrotag sequence analysis of the V6 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Sequence analysis of 37 sewage samples and comparison with database sequences revealed a human-associated phylotype within theLachnospiraceaefamily, which was closely related to the genusBlautia. This phylotype, termed Lachno2, was on average the second most abundant fecal bacterial phylotype in sewage influent samples from Milwaukee, WI. We developed a quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay for Lachno2 and used it along with the qPCR-based assays for humanBacteroidales(based on the HF183 genetic marker), totalBacteroidalesspp., and enterococci and the conventionalEscherichia coliand enterococci plate count assays to examine the prevalence of fecal and human fecal pollution in Milwaukee's harbor. Both the conventional fecal indicators and the human-associated indicators revealed chronic fecal pollution in the harbor, with significant increases following heavy rain events and combined sewer overflows. The two human-associated genetic marker abundances were tightly correlated in the harbor, a strong indication they target the same source (i.e., human sewage). Human adenoviruses were routinely detected under all conditions in the harbor, and the probability of their occurrence increased by 154% for every 10-fold increase in the human indicator concentration. Both Lachno2 and humanBacteroidalesincreased specificity to detect sewage compared to general indicators, and the relationship to a human pathogen group suggests that the use of these alternative indicators will improve assessments for human health risks in urban waters.

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Braune, Annett, and Michael Blaut. "Catenibacillus scindens gen. nov., sp. nov., a C-deglycosylating human intestinal representative of the Lachnospiraceae." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 68, no. 10 (October 1, 2018): 3356–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.003001.

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Kameyama, Keishi, and Kikuji Itoh. "Intestinal Colonization by a Lachnospiraceae Bacterium Contributes to the Development of Diabetes in Obese Mice." Microbes and Environments 29, no. 4 (2014): 427–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1264/jsme2.me14054.

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Kim, Jae Ri, Kyulhee Han, Youngmin Han, Nayeon Kang, Tae-Seop Shin, Hyeon Ju Park, Hongbeom Kim, et al. "Microbiome Markers of Pancreatic Cancer Based on Bacteria-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Acquired from Blood Samples: A Retrospective Propensity Score Matching Analysis." Biology 10, no. 3 (March 13, 2021): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10030219.

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Novel biomarkers for early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer (PC) are necessary to improve prognosis. We aimed to discover candidate biomarkers by identifying compositional differences of microbiome between patients with PC (n = 38) and healthy controls (n = 52), using microbial extracellular vesicles (EVs) acquired from blood samples. Composition analysis was performed using 16S rRNA gene analysis and bacteria-derived EVs. Statistically significant differences in microbial compositions were used to construct PC prediction models after propensity score matching analysis to reduce other possible biases. Between-group differences in microbial compositions were identified at the phylum and genus levels. At the phylum level, three species (Verrucomicrobia, Deferribacteres, and Bacteroidetes) were more abundant and one species (Actinobacteria) was less abundant in PC patients. At the genus level, four species (Stenotrophomonas, Sphingomonas, Propionibacterium, and Corynebacterium) were less abundant and six species (Ruminococcaceae UCG-014, Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group, Akkermansia, Turicibacter, Ruminiclostridium, and Lachnospiraceae UCG-001) were more abundant in PC patients. Using the best combination of these microbiome markers, we constructed a PC prediction model that yielded a high area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (0.966 and 1.000, at the phylum and genus level, respectively). These microbiome markers, which altered microbial compositions, are therefore candidate biomarkers for early diagnosis of PC.

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Melo-Durán, Diego, José Francisco Pérez, Gemma González-Ortiz, Roser Sala, Sandra Villagómez-Estrada, Michael R. Bedford, Hadden Graham, and David Solà-Oriol. "Influence of Particle Size and Xylanase in Corn-Soybean Pelleted Diets on Performance, Nutrient Utilization, Microbiota and Short-Chain Fatty Acid Production in Young Broilers." Animals 10, no. 10 (October 17, 2020): 1904. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10101904.

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The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of particle size and xylanase supplementation in corn-based pellet diets on the performance and digestive traits in young broilers. A total of 512 male Ross 308 broilers were used in a 21-day study. The treatments were designed in a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement with four levels of geometric mean diameter (Dgw) of corn (540, 660, 1390, and 1700 µm), and two levels of xylanase (0 or 16,000 BXU/kg diet). Feeding coarse corn diets (1390 and 1700 µm Dgw) and xylanase supplementation showed an inferior coefficient of variation of body weight. Higher gizzard weight, microbiome alpha-diversity, and clustered separately beta-diversity (p < 0.05) were observed in birds fed coarse diets. The addition of xylanase promoted changes in relative bacteria abundance, increasing Lachnospiraceae, Defluviitaleaceae, Bacteroidaceae, Bacillaceae, Eggerthellaceae, and Streptococcaceae families in the 1700 µm group, and Christensenellaceae and Lachnospiraceae families in the 540 µm Dgw group. In conclusion, xylanase supplementation and particle size of corn interact in the intestinal environment, showing changes in microbial composition. Coarse diets and xylanase supplementation showed improved body weight homogeneity, which might be related to a better gut development and microbiota modulation.

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Deleemans, Julie M., Faye Chleilat, Raylene A. Reimer, Mohamad Baydoun, Katherine-Ann Piedalue, Dana E. Lowry, Jan-Willem Henning, and Linda E. Carlson. "The Chemo-Gut Pilot Study: Associations between Gut Microbiota, Gastrointestinal Symptoms, and Psychosocial Health Outcomes in a Cross-Sectional Sample of Young Adult Cancer Survivors." Current Oncology 29, no. 5 (April 21, 2022): 2973–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/curroncol29050243.

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Chemotherapy adversely affects the gut microbiota, inducing dysbiosis, and negatively impacts gastrointestinal (GI) and psychosocial health during treatment, but little is known about the long-term effects or how these factors are related. Methods: This cross-sectional pilot study investigated the effects of chemotherapy on the gut microbiota, GI symptoms, and psychosocial outcomes in cancer survivors aged 18–39 years old, compared to healthy controls. Gut microbial diversity and composition were assessed from stool samples using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Results: Survivors (n = 17) and healthy controls (n = 18) participated. Mean age at diagnosis was 31 years (±5.3). Mean time off treatment was 16.9 months (±16.4). Survivors had more severe GI symptoms, poorer psychosocial health, and increased relative abundance of Selenomondales, Veilloneliaceae, and Intestinibacter. In survivors, Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae and Intestinibacter correlated with psychosocial symptoms, while diarrhea correlated positively with Lachnospiraceae. Results are statistically significant. Survivors ≤6 months post-treatment had lower alpha diversity than survivors >6 months post-treatment (p = 0.04) and controls (p = 0.19). Conclusion: This small exploratory study demonstrates potential long-term gut microbial dysbiosis in cancer survivors, which may be associated with psychosocial symptoms. Larger trials concurrently and longitudinally examining gut microbiota, GI symptoms, and psychosocial outcomes are needed.

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Rosa, Fernanda, Boris L. Zybailov, Galina V. Glazko, Yasir Rahmatallah, Stephanie Byrum, Samuel G. Mackintosh, Anne K. Bowlin, and Laxmi Yeruva. "Milk Formula Diet Alters Bacterial and Host Protein Profile in Comparison to Human Milk Diet in Neonatal Piglet Model." Nutrients 13, no. 11 (October 22, 2021): 3718. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13113718.

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The metaproteome profiling of cecal contents collected from neonatal piglets fed pasteurized human milk (HM) or a dairy-based infant formula (MF) from postnatal day (PND) 2 to 21 were assessed. At PND 21, a subset of piglets from each group (n = 11/group) were euthanized, and cecal contents were collected for further metaproteome analysis. Cecal microbiota composition showed predominantly more Firmicutes phyla and Lachnospiraceae family in the lumen of cecum of HM-fed piglets in comparison to the MF-fed group. Ruminococcus gnavus was the most abundant species from the Firmicutes phyla in the cecal contents of the HM-fed piglets at 21 days of age. A greater number of expressed proteins were identified in the cecal contents of the HM-fed piglets relative to the MF-fed piglets. Greater abundances of proteins potentially expressed by Bacteroides spp. such as glycoside enzymes were noted in the cecal lumen of HM-fed piglets relative to the MF. Additionally, lyases associated with Lachnospiraceae family were abundant in the cecum of the HM group relative to the MF group. Overall, our findings indicate that neonatal diet impacts the gut bacterial taxa and microbial proteins prior to weaning. The metaproteomics data were deposited into PRIDE, PXD025432 and 10.6019/PXD025432.

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Ren, Minhong, He Li, Zhen Fu, and Quanyang Li. "Succession Analysis of Gut Microbiota Structure of Participants from Long-Lived Families in Hechi, Guangxi, China." Microorganisms 9, no. 12 (December 7, 2021): 2524. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9122524.

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The gut microbiota structure has been proposed to be involved in longevity. In this study, trajectories of age-related changes in gut microbiota were analyzed by comparing the gut microbiota composition from long-lived families. A specific bacterial community pattern and signature taxa of long-lived people were found in long-lived families, such as the enrichment of Enterobacteriaceae in all age groups and the higher abundances of Christensenellaceae, Verrucomicrobiaceae, Porphyromonadaceae, Rikenellaceae, Mogibacteriaceae, and Odoribacteraceae in long-lived elderly and the positive correlation between them. The cumulative abundance of the core microbiota was approximately stable along with age, but the genera and species in the core microbiota were rearranged with age, especially in Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae. Compared with the control group, the proportions of Lachnospiraceae, Roseburia, and Blautia were significantly higher in participants from the long-lived village, but their abundances gradually decreased along with age. Based on functional predictions, the proportions of pathways related to short-chain fatty acid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and lipoic acid metabolism were significantly higher in the long-lived elderly compared with the offspring group. The trajectory of gut microbiota composition along with age in participants from long-lived families might reveal potential health-promoting metabolic characteristics, which could play an important role in healthy aging.

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Park, Taemook, Heetae Cheong, Jungho Yoon, Ahram Kim, Youngmin Yun, and Tatsuya Unno. "Comparison of the Fecal Microbiota of Horses with Intestinal Disease and Their Healthy Counterparts." Veterinary Sciences 8, no. 6 (June 17, 2021): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci8060113.

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(1) Background: The intestinal microbiota plays an essential role in maintaining the host’s health. Dysbiosis of the equine hindgut microbiota can alter the fermentation patterns and cause metabolic disorders. (2) Methods: This study compared the fecal microbiota composition of horses with intestinal disease and their healthy counterparts living in Korea using 16S rRNA sequencing from fecal samples. A total of 52 fecal samples were collected and divided into three groups: horses with large intestinal disease (n = 20), horses with small intestinal disease (n = 8), and healthy horses (n = 24). (3) Results: Horses with intestinal diseases had fewer species and a less diverse bacterial population than healthy horses. Lactic acid bacteria, Lachnospiraceae, and Lactobacillaceae were overgrown in horses with large intestinal colic. The Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio (F/B), which is a relevant marker of gut dysbiosis, was 1.94, 2.37, and 1.74 for horses with large intestinal colic, small intestinal colic, and healthy horses, respectively. (4) Conclusions: The overgrowth of two lactic acid bacteria families, Lachnospiraceae and Lactobacillaceae, led to a decrease in hindgut pH that interfered with normal fermentation, which might cause large intestinal colic. The overgrowth of Streptococcus also led to a decrease in pH in the hindgut, which suppressed the proliferation of the methanogen and reduced methanogenesis in horses with small intestinal colic.

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Ruebel, Meghan L., Stephanie P. Gilley, Clark R. Sims, Ying Zhong, Donald Turner, Sree V. Chintapalli, Brian D. Piccolo, Aline Andres, and Kartik Shankar. "Associations between Maternal Diet, Body Composition and Gut Microbial Ecology in Pregnancy." Nutrients 13, no. 9 (September 21, 2021): 3295. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13093295.

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Maternal body composition, gestational weight gain (GWG) and diet quality influence offspring obesity risk. While the gut microbiome is thought to play a crucial role, it is understudied in pregnancy. Using a longitudinal pregnancy cohort, maternal anthropometrics, body composition, fecal microbiome and dietary intake were assessed at 12, 24 and 36 weeks of gestation. Fecal samples (n = 101, 98 and 107, at each trimester, respectively) were utilized for microbiome analysis via 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Data analysis included alpha- and beta-diversity measures and assessment of compositional changes using MaAsLin2. Correlation analyses of serum metabolic and anthropometric markers were performed against bacterial abundance and predicted functional pathways. α-diversity was unaltered by pregnancy stage or maternal obesity status. Actinobacteria, Lachnospiraceae, Akkermansia, Bifidobacterium, Streptococcus and Anaerotuncus abundances were associated with gestation stage. Maternal obesity status was associated with increased abundance of Lachnospiraceae, Bilophila, Dialister and Roseburia. Maternal BMI, fat mass, triglyceride and insulin levels were positively associated with Bilophila. Correlations of bacterial abundance with diet intake showed that Ruminococcus and Paraprevotella were associated with total fat and unsaturated fatty acid intake, while Collinsella and Anaerostipes were associated with protein intake. While causal relationships remain unclear, collectively, these findings indicate pregnancy- and maternal obesity-dependent interactions between dietary factors and the maternal gut microbiome.

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Parkar, Shanthi G., Doug I. Rosendale, Halina M. Stoklosinski, Carel M. H. Jobsis, Duncan I. Hedderley, and Pramod Gopal. "Complementary Food Ingredients Alter Infant Gut Microbiome Composition and Metabolism In Vitro." Microorganisms 9, no. 10 (October 3, 2021): 2089. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9102089.

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We examined the prebiotic potential of 32 food ingredients on the developing infant microbiome using an in vitro gastroileal digestion and colonic fermentation model. There were significant changes in the concentrations of short-chain fatty-acid metabolites, confirming the potential of the tested ingredients to stimulate bacterial metabolism. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing for a subset of the ingredients revealed significant increases in the relative abundances of the lactate- and acetate-producing Bifidobacteriaceae, Enterococcaceae, and Lactobacillaceae, and lactate- and acetate-utilizing Prevotellaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Veillonellaceae. Selective changes in specific bacterial groups were observed. Infant whole-milk powder and an oat flour enhanced Bifidobacteriaceae and lactic acid bacteria. A New Zealand-origin spinach powder enhanced Prevotellaceae and Lachnospiraceae, while fruit and vegetable powders increased a mixed consortium of beneficial gut microbiota. All food ingredients demonstrated a consistent decrease in Clostridium perfringens, with this organism being increased in the carbohydrate-free water control. While further studies are required, this study demonstrates that the selected food ingredients can modulate the infant gut microbiome composition and metabolism in vitro. This approach provides an opportunity to design nutrient-rich complementary foods that fulfil infants’ growth needs and support the maturation of the infant gut microbiome.

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Lembo, Giuseppe, Silvia Rosa, Valentina Mazzurco Miritana, Antonella Marone, Giulia Massini, Massimiliano Fenice, and Antonella Signorini. "Thermophilic Anaerobic Digestion of Second Cheese Whey: Microbial Community Response to H2 Addition in a Partially Immobilized Anaerobic Hybrid Reactor." Processes 9, no. 1 (December 28, 2020): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9010043.

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In this study, we investigated thermophilic (55 °C) anaerobic digestion (AD) performance and microbial community structure, before and after hydrogen addition, in a novel hybrid gas-stirred tank reactor (GSTR) implemented with a partial immobilization of the microbial community and fed with second cheese whey (SCW). The results showed that H2 addition led to a 25% increase in the methane production rate and to a decrease of 13% in the CH4 concentration as compared with the control. The recovery of methane content (56%) was reached by decreasing the H2 flow rate. The microbial community investigations were performed on effluent (EF) and on interstitial matrix (IM) inside the immobilized area. Before H2 addition, the Anaerobaculaceae (42%) and Lachnospiraceae (27%) families dominated among bacteria in the effluent, and the Thermodesulfobiaceae (32%) and Lachnospiraceae (30%) families dominated in the interstitial matrix. After H2 addition, microbial abundance showed an increase in the bacteria and archaea communities in the interstitial matrix. The Thermodesulfobiaceae family (29%)remained dominant in the interstitial matrix, suggesting its crucial role in the immobilized community and the SHA-31 family was enriched in both the effluent (36%) and the interstitial matrix (15%). The predominance of archaea Methanothermobacter thermoautrophicus indicated that CH4 was produced almost exclusively by the hydrogenotrophic pathway.

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Neyrinck, Audrey M., Julie Rodriguez, Bernard Taminiau, Florent Herpin, Patrice D. Cani, Georges Daube, Laure B. Bindels, and Nathalie M. Delzenne. "Constipation Mitigation by Rhubarb Extract in Middle-Aged Adults Is Linked to Gut Microbiome Modulation: A Double-Blind Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 23 (November 24, 2022): 14685. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232314685.

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Gut microbiota alterations are intimately linked to chronic constipation upon aging. We investigated the role of targeted changes in the gut microbiota composition in the relief of constipation symptoms after rhubarb extract (RE) supplementation in middle-aged volunteers. Subjects (95% women, average 58 years old) were randomized to three groups treated with RE at two different doses determined by its content of rhein (supplementation of 12.5 mg and 25 mg per day) vs. placebo (maltodextrin) for 30 days. We demonstrated that daily oral supplementation of RE for 30 days was safe even at the higher dose. Stool frequency and consistency, and perceived change in transit problem, transit speed and difficulty in evacuating, investigated by validated questionnaires, were improved in both groups of RE-treated volunteers compared to placebo. Higher abundance of Lachnospiraceae (mainly Roseburia and Agathobacter) only occurred after RE treatment when present at low levels at baseline, whereas an opposite shift in short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) levels was observed in both RE-treated groups (increase) and placebo (decrease). Fecal Lachnospiraceae and SCFA were positively correlated with stool consistency. This study demonstrates that RE supplementation promotes butyrate-producing bacteria and SCFA, an effect that could contribute to relieving chronic constipation in middle-aged persons.

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Feehley, Taylor, Andrew Stefka, Prabhanshu Tripathi, Dionysios Antonopoulos, Eugene Chang, Betty Theriault, and Cathryn Nagler. "Commensal bacteria regulate Treg abundance in a gnotobiotic model of food allergy. (120.6)." Journal of Immunology 188, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2012): 120.6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.188.supp.120.6.

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Abstract Increasing evidence points to a central role for commensal bacteria in the regulation of immune-mediated disease. We postulated that microbiota-derived signals govern susceptibility to allergic responses to food. We find that CD4+Foxp3+Tregs are significantly reduced in the colonic lamina propria (cLP) (but not the spleen or MLN) of mice that have been rederived germ free. Peanut specific IgE and IgG1 responses are significantly increased in response to intragastric sensitization of germ free mice. Depletion of the microbiota by treatment with an antibiotic cocktail also alters the response to allergic sensitization; increased Bacteroidetes (Bacteroideaceae) and reduced Firmicutes (Lachnospiraceae) correlate with the depletion of colonic Tregs and susceptibility to allergic sensitization in antibiotic-treated mice. We used selective media to culture bacteria representative of each of these families from the feces of SPF mice to examine their influence on allergic susceptibility. We hypothesized that certain bacterial families promote Treg induction, increasing protection against allergy. We find that Tregs are not induced in mice monocolonized with Bacteroides uniformis; sensitization of these mice results in PN specific IgE and IgG1 responses similar to germ free mice. Ongoing experiments are examining whether dual colonization with Lachnospiraceae (Coprococcus spp) restores the Treg compartment in the cLP and/or if Treg transfer protects against allergic sensitization.

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Zhang, Qiang, Rong Zou, Min Guo, Mengmeng Duan, Quan Li, and Huajun Zheng. "Comparison of gut microbiota between adults with autism spectrum disorder and obese adults." PeerJ 9 (March 1, 2021): e10946. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10946.

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Background Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and obesity are serious global public health problems. Studies have shown that ASD children are at a higher risk of obesity than the general population. To investigate the gut microbe characteristics of adults ASD and obese adults, we compared the gut microbiota of adults with ASD to obese adults. Methods The fecal samples were collected from 21 adult patients with ASD and 21 obese adults, and V3–V4 regions of 16S rRNA genes were sequenced by high-throughput DNA sequencing. The gut microbiota of adults with ASD and obese adults was compared. Results We observed the proportion of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes in ASD was significantly increased, with families Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae significantly enriched in adult ASD. Eighteen genera, including Lachnospiracea incertae sedis, Ruminococcus, Blautia, and Holdemanella were significantly increased in adult ASD, whereas Megamonas and Fusobacterium were significantly increased in obesity. At the species level, we found six species enriched in ASD and three species enriched in obesity, including Phascolarctobacterium succinatuten producing propionate. Dialister succinatiphilus may be as a biomarker for predicting obesity, as well as Prevotella copri may be a common-owned pathogens of ASD and obesity. Conclusions Some conflicting results have been reported in microbiota studies of ASD, which may be related to age and obesity. Thus, the body mass index should be evaluated before analyzing the gut microbiota of patients with ASD, as obesity is prevalent in these individuals and gut microbiota is severally affected by obesity.

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Eggers, Shoshannah, Travis De Wolfe, Anna Barker, Megan Duster, Kimberly Dill-McFarland, Garret Suen, and Nasia Safdar. "Changes to the Composition of the Gastrointestinal Microbiome after Probiotics for Clostridium difficile Infection in Adults." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 4, suppl_1 (2017): S387—S388. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofx163.964.

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Abstract Background Clostridium difficile infections (CDI) in the US have markedly increased. Disturbances to the gastrointestinal (GI) microbiome due to antibiotic use predisposes patients to CDI. Probiotics are recommended to prevent GI microbiota changes during CDI antibiotic treatment, but efficacy is unknown. We conducted a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, examination of clinical and GI microbiota changes in subjects administered probiotics during a primary episode of CDI. Methods 33 subjects with a primary episode of CDI were randomized to once daily oral probiotic, consisting of four different bacterial strains, or placebo for 4-weeks (week 0–4) concurrent to antibiotic treatment. Subjects completed a daily stool diary, and stool samples were collected at enrollment (week 0), at the end of the probiotic or placebo adjunct regimen (week 4), and 4 weeks post-treatment (week 8). DNA was extracted for 16S rRNA sequencing with Illumina MiSeq. Microbial diversity, richness, and community structure were compared using analysis of variance and permutational analysis of variance. Similarity percentage analysis identified the operational taxonomic units driving the variation in β diversity. Results The duration of diarrhea (P = 0.039) and total days of diarrhea (P = 0.005) both decreased in the probiotic group compared with the placebo group. Analysis of community structure showed significant differences between treatment groups overall (P = 0.017) and in both groups over time (P = 0.007), but not between groups at each individual time point. Subjects in the probiotic group had a higher abundance of the family Lachnospiraceae at week 4 than subjects in the placebo group. By week 8 the abundance of Lachnospiraceae did not differ between subjects administered probiotic or placebo. Conclusion Lack of difference in overall community structure between groups at each time point is likely due to concurrent antibiotic therapy. The differential abundance of Lachnospiraceae likely contributes to the differences in the diarrheal outcomes observed between groups, as it has previously been associated with attenuated C. difficile pathology. Shortening the duration of diarrhea from an initial CDI may reduce the spread of C. difficile and improve clinical outcomes. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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Tindall, Alyssa M., Christopher J. McLimans, Kristina S. Petersen, Penny M. Kris-Etherton, and Regina Lamendella. "Walnuts and Vegetable Oils Containing Oleic Acid Differentially Affect the Gut Microbiota and Associations with Cardiovascular Risk Factors: Follow-up of a Randomized, Controlled, Feeding Trial in Adults at Risk for Cardiovascular Disease." Journal of Nutrition 150, no. 4 (December 18, 2019): 806–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxz289.

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ABSTRACT Background It is unclear whether the favorable effects of walnuts on the gut microbiota are attributable to the fatty acids, including α-linolenic acid (ALA), and/or the bioactive compounds and fiber. Objective This study examined between-diet gut bacterial differences in individuals at increased cardiovascular risk following diets that replace SFAs with walnuts or vegetable oils. Methods Forty-two adults at cardiovascular risk were included in a randomized, crossover, controlled-feeding trial that provided a 2-wk standard Western diet (SWD) run-in and three 6-wk isocaloric study diets: a diet containing whole walnuts (WD; 57–99 g/d walnuts; 2.7% ALA), a fatty acid–matched diet devoid of walnuts (walnut fatty acid–matched diet; WFMD; 2.6% ALA), and a diet replacing ALA with oleic acid without walnuts (oleic acid replaces ALA diet; ORAD; 0.4% ALA). Fecal samples were collected following the run-in and study diets to assess gut microbiota with 16S rRNA sequencing and Qiime2 for amplicon sequence variant picking. Results Subjects had elevated BMI (30 ± 1 kg/m2), blood pressure (121 ± 2/77 ± 1 mmHg), and LDL cholesterol (120 ± 5 mg/dL). Following the WD, Roseburia [relative abundance (RA) = 4.2%, linear discriminant analysis (LDA) = 4], Eubacterium eligensgroup (RA = 1.4%, LDA = 4), LachnospiraceaeUCG001 (RA = 1.2%, LDA = 3.2), Lachnospiraceae UCG004 (RA = 1.0%, LDA = 3), and Leuconostocaceae (RA = 0.03%, LDA = 2.8) were most abundant relative to taxa in the SWD (P ≤ 0.05 for all). The WD was also enriched in Gordonibacter relative to the WFMD. Roseburia (3.6%, LDA = 4) and Eubacterium eligensgroup (RA = 1.5%, LDA = 3.4) were abundant following the WFMD, and Clostridialesvadin BB60group (RA = 0.3%, LDA = 2) and gutmetagenome (RA = 0.2%, LDA = 2) were most abundant following the ORAD relative to the SWD (P ≤ 0.05 for all). Lachnospiraceae were inversely correlated with blood pressure and lipid/lipoprotein measurements following the WD. Conclusions The results indicate similar enrichment of Roseburia following the WD and WFMD, which could be explained by the fatty acid composition. Gordonibacter enrichment and the inverse association between Lachnospiraceae and cardiovascular risk factors following the WD suggest that the gut microbiota may contribute to the health benefits of walnut consumption in adults at cardiovascular risk. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02210767.

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Meehan, Conor J., and Robert G. Beiko. "A Phylogenomic View of Ecological Specialization in the Lachnospiraceae, a Family of Digestive Tract-Associated Bacteria." Genome Biology and Evolution 6, no. 3 (March 2014): 703–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evu050.

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Sorbara, Matthew T., Eric R. Littmann, Emily Fontana, Thomas U. Moody, Claire E. Kohout, Mergim Gjonbalaj, Vincent Eaton, Ruth Seok, Ingrid M. Leiner, and Eric G. Pamer. "Functional and Genomic Variation between Human-Derived Isolates of Lachnospiraceae Reveals Inter- and Intra-Species Diversity." Cell Host & Microbe 28, no. 1 (July 2020): 134–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2020.05.005.

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Tomasi, Michele, Mattia Dalsass, Francesco Beghini, Ilaria Zanella, Elena Caproni, Laura Fantappiè, Assunta Gagliardi, et al. "Commensal Bifidobacterium Strains Enhance the Efficacy of Neo-Epitope Based Cancer Vaccines." Vaccines 9, no. 11 (November 18, 2021): 1356. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9111356.

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A large body of data both in animals and humans demonstrates that the gut microbiome plays a fundamental role in cancer immunity and in determining the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. In this work, we have investigated whether and to what extent the gut microbiome can influence the antitumor activity of neo-epitope-based cancer vaccines in a BALB/c-CT26 cancer mouse model. Similarly to that observed in the C57BL/6-B16 model, Bifidobacterium administration per se has a beneficial effect on CT26 tumor inhibition. Furthermore, the combination of Bifidobacterium administration and vaccination resulted in a protection which was superior to vaccination alone and to Bifidobacterium administration alone, and correlated with an increase in the frequency of vaccine-specific T cells. The gut microbiome analysis by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and shotgun metagenomics showed that tumor challenge rapidly altered the microbiome population, with Muribaculaceae being enriched and Lachnospiraceae being reduced. Over time, the population of Muribaculaceae progressively reduced while the Lachnospiraceae population increased—a trend that appeared to be retarded by the oral administration of Bifidobacterium. Interestingly, in some Bacteroidales, Prevotella and Muribaculacee species we identified sequences highly homologous to immunogenic neo-epitopes of CT26 cells, supporting the possible role of “molecular mimicry” in anticancer immunity. Our data strengthen the importance of the microbiome in cancer immunity and suggests a microbiome-based strategy to potentiate neo-epitope-based cancer vaccines.

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Such, Nikoletta, Valéria Farkas, Gábor Csitári, László Pál, Aliz Márton, László Menyhárt, and Károly Dublecz. "Relative Effects of Dietary Administration of a Competitive Exclusion Culture and a Synbiotic Product, Age and Sampling Site on Intestinal Microbiota Maturation in Broiler Chickens." Veterinary Sciences 8, no. 9 (September 6, 2021): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci8090187.

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In this research, the effects of early post-hatch inoculation of a competitive exclusion product (Br) and the continuous feeding of a synbiotic supplement (Sy) containing probiotic bacteria, yeast, and inulin on the production traits and composition of ileal chymus (IC), ileal mucosa (IM), and caecal chymus (CC) microbiota of broiler chickens were evaluated. The dietary treatments had no significant effects on the pattern of intestinal microbiota or production traits. The digestive tract bacteriota composition was affected mostly by the sampling place and age of birds. The dominant family of IC was Lactobacillaceae, without change with the age. The abundance of the two other major families, Enterococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae decreased with the age of birds. In the IM, Clostridiaceae was the main family in the first three weeks. Its ratio decreased later and Lactobacillaceae became the dominant family. In the CC, Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae were the main families with decreasing tendency in the age. In IC, Br treatment decreased the abundance of genus Lactobacillus, and both Br and Sy increased the ratio of Enterococcus at day 7. In all gut segments, a negative correlation was found between the IBD antibody titer levels and the ratio of genus Leuconostoc in the first three weeks, and a positive correlation was found in the case of Bifidobacterium, Rombutsia, and Turicibacter between day 21 and 40.

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Li, Jiuchang, Jun Zhang, Yulong Zhang, Yuanyuan Shi, Dandan Feng, Yunyang Zuo, and Ping Hu. "Effect and Correlation of Rosa roxburghii Tratt Fruit Vinegar on Obesity, Dyslipidemia and Intestinal Microbiota Disorder in High-Fat Diet Mice." Foods 11, no. 24 (December 19, 2022): 4108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11244108.

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To investigate the effect of Rosa roxburghii Tratt fruit vinegar (RFV) on the intervention of obesity and hyperlipidemia and its potential mechanism, a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity model in mice was established and gavaged with RFV, saline and xuezhikang for 30 consecutive days, respectively. The results showed that RFV supplementation significantly reduced fat accumulation, and improved dyslipidemia and liver inflammation in HFD mice. RFV intervention for 30 days significantly improved the diversity of gut microbiota and altered the structure of gut microbiota in HFD mice. Compared with the model group (MC), the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes at least decreased by 15.75% after RFV treatment, and increased the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria (Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Lactobacillaceae, Bacteroides, Akkermansia,) and decreased the relative abundance of harmful bacteria (Ruminococcaceae, Erysipelotrichaceae, Ruminococcaceae _UCG-013, Lachnospiraceae, Allobaculum, Actinobacteria). Spearman’s correlation analysis revealed that Erysipelotrichaceae, Allobaculum, Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-013, uncultured_bacterium_f_Lachnospiraceae and Desulfobacterota were positively correlated (p < 0.05) with the body weight of mice, while Proteobacteria was negatively correlated (p < 0.05) with the body weight of mice. The two main bacteria that could promote dyslipidemia in obese mice were Actinobacteria and Firmicutes, while those that played a mitigating role were mainly Bacteroidetes. It is concluded that RFV plays an important role in the intervention of obesity and related complications in HFD mice by regulating their gut microbiota.

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Renaud, Valentine, Vanessa P. Houde, Geneviève Pilon, Thibault V. Varin, Cyril Roblet, André Marette, Yvan Boutin, and Laurent Bazinet. "The Concentration of Organic Acids in Cranberry Juice Modulates the Gut Microbiota in Mice." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 21 (October 26, 2021): 11537. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222111537.

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A daily consumption of cranberry juice (CJ) is linked to many beneficial health effects due to its richness in polyphenols but could also awake some intestinal discomforts due to its organic acid content and possibly lead to intestinal inflammation. Additionally, the impact of such a juice on the gut microbiota is still unknown. Thus, this study aimed to determine the impacts of a daily consumption of CJ and its successive deacidification on the intestinal inflammation and on the gut microbiota in mice. Four deacidified CJs (DCJs) (deacidification rates of 0, 40, 60, and 80%) were produced by electrodialysis with bipolar membrane (EDBM) and administered to C57BL/6J mice for four weeks, while the diet (CHOW) and the water were ad libitum. Different parameters were measured to determine intestinal inflammation when the gut microbiota was profiled. Treatment with a 0% DCJ did not induce intestinal inflammation but increased the gut microbiota diversity and induced a modulation of its functions in comparison with control (water). The effect of the removal of the organic acid content of CJ on the decrease of intestinal inflammation could not be observed. However, deacidification by EDBM of CJ induced an additional increase, in comparison with a 0% DCJ, in the Lachnospiraceae family which have beneficial effects and functions associated with protection of the intestine: the lower the organic acid content, the more bacteria of the Lachnospiraceae family and functions having a positive impact on the gut microbiota.

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Rehaume, Linda M., Nicholas Matigian, Ahmed M. Mehdi, Nancy Lachner, Kate L. Bowerman, Joshua Daly, Kim-Anh Lê Cao, Philip Hugenholtz, and Ranjeny Thomas. "IL-23 favours outgrowth of spondyloarthritis-associated pathobionts and suppresses host support for homeostatic microbiota." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 78, no. 4 (January 30, 2019): 494–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-214381.

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ObjectivesCertain gut bacterial families, including Bacteroidaceae, Porphyromonadaceae and Prevotellaceae, are increased in people suffering from spondyloarthropathy (SpA), a disease group associated with IL23R signalling variants. To understand the relationship between host interleukin (IL)-23 signalling and gut bacterial dysbiosis in SpA, we inhibited IL-23 in dysbiotic ZAP-70-mutant SKG mice that develop IL-23-dependent SpA-like arthritis, psoriasis-like skin inflammation and Crohn’s-like ileitis in response to microbial beta 1,3-glucan (curdlan).MethodsWe treated SKG mice weekly with anti-IL-23 or isotype mAb for 3 weeks, rested them for 3 weeks, then administered curdlan or saline. We collected faecal samples longitudinally, assessed arthritis, spondylitis, psoriasis and ileitis histologically, and analysed the microbiota community profiles using next-generation sequencing. We used multivariate sparse partial least squares discriminant analysis to identify operational taxonomic unit (OTU) signatures best classifying treatment groups and linear regression to develop a predictive model of disease severity.ResultsIL-23p19 inhibition in naïve SKG mice decreased Bacteroidaceae, Porphyromonadaceae and Prevotellaceae. Abundance of Clostridiaceae and Lachnospiraceae families concomitantly increased, and curdlan-mediated SpA development decreased. Abundance of Enterobacteriaceae and Porphyromonadaceae family and reduction in Lachnospiraceae Dorea genus OTUs early in disease course were associated with disease severity in affected tissues.ConclusionsDysbiosis in SKG mice reflects human SpA and is IL-23p19 dependent. In genetically susceptible hosts, IL-23p19 favours outgrowth of SpA-associated pathobionts and reduces support for homeostatic-inducing microbiota. The relative abundance of specific pathobionts is associated with disease severity.

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Koontanatechanon, Anantawat, Manoosak Wongphatcharachai, Nutthawan Nonthabenjawan, Pichaya Jariyahatthakij, Thanchanok Khorporn, Wanpeuch Parnsen, Benjawan Keattisin, et al. "Effects of Omega-3-Rich Pork Lard on Serum Lipid Profile and Gut Microbiome in C57BL/6NJ Mice." International Journal of Food Science 2022 (November 22, 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9269968.

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Background and Aims. Hyperlipidemia is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. This study is aimed at investigating the effects of consuming omega-3-rich pork lard on the serum lipid profile and gut microbiome of the mice model. Methods and Results. We divided 23 C57BL/6NJ males (16-week-old) into 3 groups, and each group received either a control diet, a high-fat diet of coconut oil (coconut oil), or a high-fat diet of omega-3-rich pork lard (omega lard) for 28 days. Thereafter, fasting serum lipids and fecal microbiomes were analyzed. The serum cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL levels of the omega lard-treated group were significantly reduced compared to the coconut oil-treated group ( P < 0.05 ). However, the microbiome analysis revealed a significant increase in the abundance of Lachnospiraceae in the omega lard-treated group compared to the coconut oil-treated group ( P < 0.05 ). Furthermore, Spearman’s correlation analysis revealed that the increased serum lipid content was positively correlated with the abundance of Bacteroidaceae ( P < 0.05 ) and negatively correlated with the abundance of Lachnospiraceae ( P < 0.05 ). Conclusions. These findings suggested that omega-3-rich pork lard altered the serum lipid profile and gut microbiome in the mice model. Practical Application. The excellent protection offered by omega-3-rich pork lard against hyperlipidemia indicated that pork lard could be used as alternative cooking oil for health-conscious individuals. It could also be introduced as a functional ingredient for patients with hyperlipidemia.

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Mu, Qinghui, Husen Zhang, and Xin M. Luo. "Disease stage-dependent response of lupus-prone mice to antibiotics." Journal of Immunology 196, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2016): 118.21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.196.supp.118.21.

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Abstract Little is known on the role of commensal bacteria in lupus. We previously showed that a higher abundance of Lactobacillaceae and a lower abundance of Lachnospiraceae are correlated with improved lupus symptoms in lupus-prone MRL/lpr mice. In the same study, it was noted that Lactobacillaceae (“good” bacteria) was more abundant in the gut of pre-disease lupus mice, while Lachnospiraceae (“bad” bacteria) was relatively more abundant after disease onset. We thus hypothesized that antibiotic use after disease onset might have a greater impact on “bad” than “good” bacteria, thus attenuating the disease. To test this hypothesis, we treated MRL/lpr mice with antibiotics starting from 3 weeks (pre-disease, Abx-3w) or 9 weeks of age (after disease onset, Abx-9w). Consistent with the results obtained from germ-free MRL/lpr mice, Abx-3w did not change disease course or severity. Treatment with Abx-9w, however, was able to significantly reduce spleen and lymph node weight, serum level of anti-dsDNA IgG, proteinuria, and renal pathology. Bacterial profiling analysis revealed that >99% of bacteria were removed by Abx-3w, while 20% bacteria remained with Abx-9w treatment, where Lactobacillales and Enterobacteriales were enriched. Further studies are underway to investigate the immunological mechanisms of how Abx-9w attenuated lupus in these mice. The results of this study will increase our understanding of how environmental triggers, such as antibiotic use, are associated with lupus.

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Lei, Hulong, Qian Du, Naisheng Lu, Xueyuan Jiang, Mingzhou Li, Dong Xia, and Keren Long. "Comparison of the Microbiome-Metabolome Response to Copper Sulfate and Copper Glycinate in Growing Pigs." Animals 13, no. 3 (January 19, 2023): 345. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13030345.

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This study aims to compare the fecal microbiome-metabolome response to copper sulfate (CuSO4) and copper glycinate (Cu-Gly) in pigs. Twelve Meishan gilts were allocated into the CuSO4 group and the Cu-Gly group (fed on a basal diet supplemented with 60 mg/kg copper from CuSO4 or Cu-Gly) paired in litter and body weight. After a two-week feeding trial, the Cu-Gly group had a higher copper digestibility, blood hemoglobin, and platelet volume and higher levels of plasma iron and insulin-like growth factor-1 than the CuSO4 group. The Cu-Gly treatment increased the abundance of the Lachnospiraceae family and the genera Lachnospiraceae XPB1014, Corprococcus_3, Anaerorhabdus_furcosa_group, Lachnospiraceae_FCS020_group, and Lachnospiraceae_NK4B4_group and decreased the abundance of the Synergistetes phylum and Peptostreptococcaceae family compared to the CuSO4 treatment. Moreover, the Cu-Gly group had a lower concentration of 20-Oxo-leukotriene E4 and higher concentrations of butyric acid, pentanoic acid, isopentanoic acid, coumarin, and Nb-p-Coumaroyl-tryptamine than the CuSO4 group. The abundance of Synergistetes was positively correlated with the fecal copper content and negatively correlated with the fecal butyric acid content. The abundance of the Lachnospiraceae_XPB1014_group genus was positively correlated with the plasma iron level and fecal contents of coumarin and butyric acid. In conclusion, Cu-Gly and CuSO4 could differentially affect fecal microbiota and metabolites, which partially contributes to the intestinal health of pigs in different manners.

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Karabanov, S. Yu, and A. A. Kibitkina. "Changes in the Gut Microbiota of Mice Under the Action of Ultrasonic-induced Stress." Journal Biomed 18, no. 3 (October 16, 2022): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.33647/2074-5982-18-3-18-21.

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The effect of ultrasound-induced stress on the gut microbiota composition of C57BL/6 mice was studied. Under the action of this type of stress, the gut microbiota composition shifts towards firmicutes at the phylum level. At the family level, an increase in Lachnospiraceae by 67.43%, Rikenellaceae by 39.29%, as well as a decrease in Bacteroidaceae by 64.75% and Prevotellaceae by 38.51%. is observed. The most prominent changes under the action of stress were revealed at the genus level: out of 28 identified genera, significant changes were recorded in 13.

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Jahnke, Johanna R., Jeffrey Roach, M. Andrea Azcarate-Peril, and Amanda L. Thompson. "Maternal precarity and HPA axis functioning shape infant gut microbiota and HPA axis development in humans." PLOS ONE 16, no. 5 (May 20, 2021): e0251782. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251782.

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Background Early life exposure to adverse environments, and maternal stress in particular, has been shown to increase risk for metabolic diseases and neurobehavioral disorders. While many studies have examined the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA axis) as the primary mechanism behind these relationships, emerging research on the brain-gut axis suggests that the microbiome may play a role. In this study, we tested the relationships among maternal precarity and HPA axis dysregulation during the peripartum period, infant gut microbiome composition, and infant HPA axis functioning. Methods Data come from 25 mother-infant dyads in the Galápagos, Ecuador. Women completed surveys on precarity measures (food insecurity, low social support, depression, and stress) and gave salivary cortisol samples during and after pregnancy. Infant salivary cortisol and stool were collected in the postpartum. Statistical significance of differences in microbial diversity and relative abundance were assessed with respect to adjusted linear regression models. Results Maternal precarity was associated with lower diversity and higher relative abundance of Enterobacteriaceae and Streptococcaceae and a lower relative abundance of Bifidobacterium and Lachnospiraceae. These patterns of colonization for Enterobacteriaceae and Bifidobacterium mirrored those found in infants with HPA axis dysregulation. Maternal HPA axis dysregulation during pregnancy was also associated with a greater relative abundance of Veillonella. Conclusions Overall, exposures to precarity and HPA axis dysregulation were associated with an increase in groups that include potentially pathogenic bacteria, including Enterobacteriaceae, Streptococcaceae, and Veillonella, and a decrease in potentially protective bacteria, including Bifidobacterium and Lachnospiraceae, as well as a decrease in overall diversity.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Lachnospiraceae'

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