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Zeng, Lin, Satarupa Das, and Robert A. Burne. "Utilization of Lactose and Galactose by Streptococcus mutans: Transport, Toxicity, and Carbon Catabolite Repression." Journal of Bacteriology 192, no. 9 (February 26, 2010): 2434–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.01624-09.
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ABSTRACT Abundant in milk and other dairy products, lactose is considered to have an important role in oral microbial ecology and can contribute to caries development in both adults and young children. To better understand the metabolism of lactose and galactose by Streptococcus mutans, the major etiological agent of human tooth decay, a genetic analysis of the tagatose-6-phosphate (lac) and Leloir (gal) pathways was performed in strain UA159. Deletion of each gene in the lac operon caused various alterations in expression of a PlacA -cat promoter fusion and defects in growth on either lactose (lacA, lacB, lacF, lacE, and lacG), galactose (lacA, lacB, lacD, and lacG) or both sugars (lacA, lacB, and lacG). Failure to grow in the presence of galactose or lactose by certain lac mutants appeared to arise from the accumulation of intermediates of galactose metabolism, particularly galatose-6-phosphate. The glucose- and lactose-PTS permeases, EIIMan and EIILac, respectively, were shown to be the only effective transporters of galactose in S. mutans. Furthermore, disruption of manL, encoding EIIABMan, led to increased resistance to glucose-mediated CCR when lactose was used to induce the lac operon, but resulted in reduced lac gene expression in cells growing on galactose. Collectively, the results reveal a remarkably high degree of complexity in the regulation of lactose/galactose catabolism.
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Arellano, Benjamin H., Janett D. Ortiz, Janet Manzano, and Joseph C. Chen. "Identification of a Dehydrogenase Required for Lactose Metabolism in Caulobacter crescentus." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 76, no. 9 (February 26, 2010): 3004–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02085-09.
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ABSTRACT Caulobacter crescentus, which thrives in freshwater environments with low nutrient levels, serves as a model system for studying bacterial cell cycle regulation and organelle development. We examined its ability to utilize lactose (i) to gain insight into the metabolic capacities of oligotrophic bacteria and (ii) to obtain an additional genetic tool for studying this model organism, aiming to eliminate the basal enzymatic activity that hydrolyzes the chromogenic substrate 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-β-d-galactopyranoside (X-gal). Using a previously isolated transposon mutant, we identified a gene, lacA, that is required for growth on lactose as the sole carbon source and for turning colonies blue in the presence of X-gal. LacA, which contains a glucose-methanol-choline (GMC) oxidoreductase domain, has homology to the flavin subunit of Pectobacterium cypripedii's gluconate dehydrogenase. Sequence comparisons indicated that two genes near lacA, lacB and lacC, encode the other subunits of the membrane-bound dehydrogenase. In addition to lactose, all three lac genes are involved in the catabolism of three other β-galactosides (lactulose, lactitol, and methyl-β-d-galactoside) and two glucosides (salicin and trehalose). Dehydrogenase assays confirmed that the lac gene products oxidize lactose, salicin, and trehalose. This enzymatic activity is inducible, and increased lac expression in the presence of lactose and salicin likely contributes to the induction. Expression of lacA also depends on the presence of the lac genes, implying that the dehydrogenase participates in induction. The involvement of a dehydrogenase suggests that degradation of lactose and other sugars in C. crescentus may resemble a proposed pathway in Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
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Naumova, E. S. "Inter-Strain Hybridization of Kluyveromyces lactis for creating efficient lactose-fermenting Yeast." Biotekhnologiya 37, no. 4 (2021): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21519/0234-2758-2021-37-4-43-50.
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A molecular genetic study of Kluyveromyces lactis yeasts isolated from various dairy products in the countries of the former Soviet Union and other regions of the world has been carried out. Based on physiological tests, four strains were selected that carry different LAC loci and are characterized by good fermentation intensity: VKM Y-1339 (LAC3), VKM Y-1333 (LAC3), NRRL Y-1118 (LAC1), and NRRL Y-1140 (LAC2). Eleven hybrids of the selected strains with different rates of lactose fermentation were obtained. No correlation was found between the intensity of lactose fermentation and the amino acid sequences of the LAC12 lactose permease gene of the LAC1, LAC2, and LAC3 loci. Apparently, a specific combination of genotypes of crossed strains has a more significant effect on the fermentation activity. The results obtained showed that inter-strain hybridization of K. lactis dairy yeast is an effective method for creating new strains with high fermentation capacity. Hybrids H2-3 (NRRL Y-1118 × VKM Y-1333) and H3-3 (NRRL Y-1140 × VKM Y-1333) with the highest ability to ferment lactose are of interest for further molecular genetic research and breeding programs. Key words: Kluyveromyces lactis, β-galactosidase, lactose permease, LAC4, LAC12, LAC1 locus, LAC2 locus, LAC3 locus, inter-strain hybridization, lactose fermentation, heterosis Acknowledgment - The authors are grateful to the Genomic Center of the Kurchatov Institute SRC---GosNIIgentika for sequencing the nucleotide sequences of the LAC12 genes for lactose permease on the Applied Biosystems 3730 automated analyzer. Funding - This work was supported by an internal grant from the National Research Center Kurchatov Institute (order of the National Research Center Kurchatov Institute No. 1779).
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Din, Erdal, Gaetano Ragno, Giuseppina Ioele, and Dumitru Baleanu. "Fractional Wavelet Analysis for the Simultaneous Quantitative Analysis of Lacidipine and Its Photodegradation Product by Continuous Wavelet Transform and Multilinear Regression Calibration." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 89, no. 6 (November 1, 2006): 1538–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/89.6.1538.
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Abstract Fractional wavelet transform (FWT) was applied to the original absorption spectra of lacidipine (LAC) and its photodegradation product (LACD), and the resulting FWT spectra were processed by continuous wavelet transform (CWT) and multilinear regression calibration (MLRC) for the simultaneous quantitative analysis of both products in their binary mixtures. These methods do not require any chemical separation step and chemical complex reaction to obtain a detectable signal for the degradation product. By using the Mexican hat function, 2 calibration functions for LAC and LACD were obtained by measuring the CWT transformed signals at 416.1 nm for LAC and 414.6 nm for LACD, after FWT processing of the original absorption spectra. The calibration graphs were linear in the concentration range of 5.0840.64 μg/mL for LAC and 0.518.16 μg/mL for LACD. The limit of detection and the limit of quantitation were found to be 0.289 and 0.956 μg/mL for LAC and 0.036 and 0.118 μg/mL for LACD, respectively. For comparison, the MLRC algorithm was applied to the linear regression functions for the individual drug and its photoproduct. In this approach, a set of linear regression functions was obtained from the relationship between concentrations and FWT signals in the wavelength range 411.0412.4 nm. Both methods were applied to the quantitative evaluation of LAC and LACD in laboratory and pharmaceutical samples, and produced very satisfactory results.
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Culard, F., M. Charlier, J. C. Maurizot, and A. Tardieu. "Lac repressor — Lac operator complexes." European Biophysics Journal 14, no. 3 (January 1987): 169–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00253842.
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Talbot, Emile J., and Jean Echenoz. "Lac." World Literature Today 64, no. 4 (1990): 605. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40146886.
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Ali, Md Omar, Naznin Ara Khatune, Mst Shahnaj Parvin, A. H. M. Khurshid Alam, and Md Aziz Abdur Rahman. "In vitro Antioxidant and Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Lippia alba (Verbenaceae)." Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 26, no. 1 (January 31, 2023): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bpj.v26i1.64212.
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The research was designated to investigate the polyphenolic contents and antioxidant activity of the aqueous ethanolic extract and various fractions from the plant Lippia alba (Mill.) (Family: Verbenaceae). The dried course powder was extracted with 5% aqueous ethanol to get ethanolic extract (LAE) that was partitioned successively with n-hexane (LAH), chloroform (LAC), ethyl acetate (LAA), and water (LAQ). All the extracts were tested for polyphenol contents and antioxidant activity. The phenolic contents and the flavonoid contents of LAE, LAH, LAC, LAA, and LAQ were found to be 97.463±0.36, 55.030±0.690, 91.343±0.120, 117.340±1.349 and 81.630±0.550 and 418.470±4.962, 583.847±2.274, 168.623±1.186, 161.970±1.793 and 392.257±4.856 mg of GAE/g of dried extractives, respectively. The data showed that LAA contained highest phenolics and LAH contains highest flavonoids content than that of other fractions. The flavonol contents and the proanthocyanidin contents of LAE, LAH, LAC, LAA, LAQ and standard (at 100 μg/ml each) were 0.611±0.01, 0.144±0.031, 1.938±0.023, 1.944±0.049, 0.385±0.007 and 0.984±0.025 and 0.087±0.005, 0.155±0.004, 0.068±0.002, 0.049±0.002, 0.056±0.003 and 1.533±0.044, respectively, indicating remarkable flavonoid contents of LAC and LAA when compare to standard. However, proanthocyanidin contents of the extractives are less than standard catechin. In total antioxidant activity and reducing power capacity assay LAE, LAH, LAC, LAA, LAQ and standard showed absorbance at 0.667±0.005, 0.753±0.046, 0.444±0.009, 0.409±0.005, 0.235±0.007 and 1.534±0.38 and 1.633±0.055, 0.258±0.033, 3.839±0.051, 2.301±0.004, 0.360±0.042, and 1.046±0.053, respectively. The results demonstrated that all the extractives of L. alba had appreciable antioxidant activity when compared to standard. In DPPH radical scavenging assay and hydroxyl radical scavenging assay, the IC50 of LAE, LAH, LAC, LAA, LAQ and standard were found to be 15.73±0.51, 58.90±1.86, 15.93±1.24, 3.84±0.18, 7.17±0.36 and 3.48±0.17 μg/ml and 10.95±0.560, 13.25±0.56, 11.69±0.69, 5.68±0.408, 6.36±0.581 and 6.50±0.271 μg/ml, respectively. The significant scavenging activity was found in LAA that was similar to standard BHT and catechin. All these observations demonstrated that the plant L. alba specially chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions might be a good source for antioxidative lead. Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 26(1): 7-14, 2023 (January)
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Espinosa, Amado. "IMIA LAC." Yearbook of Medical Informatics 27, no. 01 (April 22, 2018): 283–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1641206.
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Trzeciak, Stephen. "Lac-time?*." Critical Care Medicine 32, no. 8 (August 2004): 1785–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ccm.0000134837.18530.14.
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Keller, Georg v. "Lac caninum." Zeitschrift für Klassische Homöopathie 22, no. 05 (April 2, 2007): 198–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-937876.
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Bahemann, A. "Lac caninum." British Homoeopathic journal 86, no. 4 (October 1997): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0007-0785(97)80052-x.
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Beutel, Manfred E., Ulrich Bahrke, Georg Fiedler, Martin Hautzinger, Lisa Kallenbach, Johannes Kaufhold, Wolfram Keller, et al. "LAC-Depressionsstudie." Psychotherapeut 61, no. 6 (October 27, 2016): 468–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00278-016-0144-x.
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Fickert, Reimund, and Benno Müller-Hill. "How Lac repressor finds lac operator in vitro." Journal of Molecular Biology 226, no. 1 (July 1992): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-2836(92)90124-3.
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Alloui, Mohamed Nabil, and Witold Szczurek. "Effects of Different Dietary Levels of Whey Lactose as a Prebiotic Disaccharide on the Productive Performances and Selected Indices of the Caecal Micro-Environment in Broiler Chickens." Annals of Animal Science 17, no. 4 (October 1, 2017): 1107–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aoas-2017-0021.
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AbstractThe primary aim of this study was to investigate the impact of three dietary levels of lactose (LAC) originating from conventional dried whey (DW) and the duration of these treatments (from 8 to 21 or to 42 days of age) on growth performance, basic post-slaughter traits and excreta quality of broiler chickens kept in cages. A secondary purpose was to investigate the effect of LAC level on some parameters of the caecal micro-environment and gross morphology in these birds. A total of 560 Ross 308 chickens (sex ratio 1:1) were assigned to 7 dietary combinations with 10 replicate cages of 8 birds per cage. The control group was fed basal diets consisting of maize, wheat and soybean meal. The other 6 groups received the same basal diets with DW added in amounts equivalent to a LAC dietary levels of 1, 2 or 3%. Only continuous feeding (day 8 to 42) with 1% and 2% levels of LAC was found to yield the overall body weight gain (BWG) during the whole 42-day rearing period, which was significantly higher than that on the control diet, with a larger share of breast meat in carcass at a 2% LAC. However, these effects were associated with greater faecal score values indicating more watery excreta compared with the control. Increasing levels of LAC augmented the relative caecal weight and length. A reduction in the caecal pH was confirmed at day 21 for birds fed 1% and 2% of dietary LAC. The lower pH values were correlated to an increased sum of total volatile fatty acids (VFA), causing large increases in the concentration of undissociated forms of individual VFA. The decline in plate counts of coliform bacteria was observed with 2% and 3% LAC, whereas the counts of lactic acid-producing bacteria (LAB) were higher at these two LAC levels. The present findings lead to the conclusion that the dietary level of 2% LAC originated from DW is the most effective in enhancing the productivity of broilers, with moderate occurrence of undesirable side effects.
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Hatherly, Patricia. "Lac Maternum or Lac Humanum … How do We Choose?" Homœopathic Links 20, no. 02 (June 4, 2007): 63–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-965217.
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Druart, Jean-Claude, Jean-Marcel Dorioz, Paul Blanc, and Gérard Balvay. "Un lac à protéger : le lac Bénit (Haute-Savoie)." Revue de géographie alpine 87, no. 3 (1999): 87–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/rga.1999.2959.
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Wang, Y., P. M. Wright, G. J. Heigenhauser, and C. M. Wood. "Lactate transport by rainbow trout white muscle: kinetic characteristics and sensitivity to inhibitors." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 272, no. 5 (May 1, 1997): R1577—R1587. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1997.272.5.r1577.
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This study used an isolated-perfused tail-trunk preparation of rainbow trout to examine the uptake and release of lactate (Lac) and metabolic protons (delta H+M) in resting and exercised fish white muscle. In exercised muscle, L(+)-Lac efflux was inhibited (approximately 40%) by 5 mM alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamate (CIN), but not by 0.5 mM 4-acetamido-4'-isothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (SITS) or 0.1 mM amiloride. These results suggest that Lac release occurs through a Lac(-)-H- symport and the free diffusion of lactic acid (HLac) or Lac-, but not via the Lac-/HCO3(-)-Cl- antiporter. Lac efflux was accompanied by delta H+m influx in all treatments, and increased delta H+m influx occurred after SITS treatment. In resting muscle, Lac uptake rates were greater than Lac efflux rates in the postexercise preparation. L-Lac influx exhibited partial saturation kinetics, whereas D(-)-Lac influx was linearly related to its extracellular concentration (0-32 mM). At 16 mM extracellular L-Lac, with a negligible transmembrane L-HLac gradient and an outwardly directed not driving force on L-Lac-, CIN, and SITS reduced net L-Lac uptake by 75 and 45%, respectively. At 16 mM extracellular concentration, D-Lac influx was 64% of the net L-Lac influx. These results suggest that in trout muscle at 16 mM extracellular L-Lac, the Lac -H+ symport accounts for 30-36%, the Lac-/HCO3(-)-Cl- antiport for 39-45%, and diffusion for 19-25% of uptake, although the latter is probably overestimated and the former underestimated for methodological reasons. Net L-Lac efflux was not affected by extracellular D-Lac concentration and/or D-Lac influx, implying the existence of a concurrent L-Lac efflux during L-Lac influx. The D-Lac influx kinetics data indicated that the Lac-/HCO3 antiport was not saturable in the extracellular D-Lac concentration range of 0-32 mM. This study clearly demonstrates the involvement of carrier-mediated transport in transmembrane Lac movement in fish muscle and supports the "active lactate retention" mechanism proposed by Turner and Wood (J. Exp. Biol. 105: 895-401, 1983).
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Besse, M., B. von Wilcken-Bergmann, and B. Müller-Hill. "Synthetic lac operator mediates repression through lac repressor when introduced upstream and downstream from lac promoter." EMBO Journal 5, no. 6 (June 1986): 1377–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1460-2075.1986.tb04370.x.
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Niranjan Prasad, K.K. Kumar, S.K. Panday, and M.L. Bhagar. "Development of Modified Power Operated Lac Scraper." Journal of Agricultural Engineering (India) 42, no. 1 (March 31, 2005): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.52151/jae2005421.1109.
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Lac is the hardened resin secreted by the tiny lac insect (Kerria lacca Kerr). It is the only resin of animal origin. Lac insect S thrive only on certain trees called lac hosts. Butea monospenna (Fa/as), Zizyphus mauritiana (Ber) and Schleichera oleosa (Kusum) are the major lac hosts used for lac cultivation in India. India is the largest producer of lac. Indian lac is considered to be the best in quality. Apart from India, Thailand, Myanmar, Indonesia, Vietnam and China also produce lac. In India about 3 million farmers mostly tribal are involved in the lac cultivation spread over states of Jharkhand, West Bengal, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattishgarn, Maharastra, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat and Orissa. Lac cultivation involves five major operations i.e., pruning, inoculation, used up broodlac (phunki) removal, harvesting and lac scraping. Mostly lac cultivation operations are carried out manually with the aid of locally manufactured traditional tools. Manual lac scraping is very slow and a tedious process. In one of the method farmers sit on the ground in a group and scrap lac with the traditional tools like small scraping knife (dauli) and sickle. In other method, farmers remove lac encrustation by beating lac sticks with bamboo stick. One person scrapes, 10-15kg of lac in a day. As scraping is done on the ground, unwanted foreign materials like sand, soil, wooden twigs etc. find their way into scraped lac, fetching less price to farmers and creating problems during lac processing in industry. In order to increase the output and reduce the drudgery of lac farmers a simple power operated lac scraper was designed and developed modifying the earlier developed machine. In the earlier machine V-belt and V-pulley type speed reduction mechanism in two steps was used, which made machine voluminous. To make the machine compact, a gearbox instead of V-belt and V-pulley was used to reduce the 1450 rpm speed at motor shaft to 30-40 rpm at scraping roller shaft. Machine consisted of scraping rollers, separating screen, feed hopper, drive mechanism and machine frame. The machine scrapes lac under action of shear and compressive forces. One person operates the machine and scrapes 10.6 kg lac stick in an hour with scraping efficiency of 92 per cent. The machine gets power from 0.5 H.P. single phase AC motor. The capacity of the developed machine is more than the capacity of earlier developed Hand Operated and Pedal Operated Lac Scraper and at par as compared with Power Operated Lac Scraper. It is suitable for villages having electricity.
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Siebens, A. W., and W. F. Boron. "Effect of electroneutral luminal and basolateral lactate transport on intracellular pH in salamander proximal tubules." Journal of General Physiology 90, no. 6 (December 1, 1987): 799–831. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.90.6.799.
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We used microelectrodes to examine the effects of organic substrates, particularly lactate (Lac-), on the intracellular pH (pHi) and basolateral membrane potential (Vbl) in isolated, perfused proximal tubules of the tiger salamander. Exposure of the luminal and basolateral membranes to 3.6 mM Lac- caused pHi to increase by approximately 0.2, opposite to the decrease expected from nonionic diffusion of lactic acid (HLac) into the cell. Addition of Lac- to only the lumen also caused alkalinization, but only if Na+ was present. This alkalinization was not accompanied by immediate Vbl changes, which suggests that it involves luminal, electroneutral Na/Lac cotransport. Addition of Lac- to only the basolateral solution caused pHi to decrease by approximately 0.08. The initial rate of this acidification was a saturable function of [Lac-], was not affected by removal of Na+, and was reversibly reduced by alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamate (CHC). Thus, the pHi decrease induced by basolateral Lac- appears to be due to the basolateral entry of H+ and Lac-, mediated by an H/Lac cotransporter (or a Lac-base exchanger). Our data suggest that this transporter is electroneutral and is not present at the luminal membrane. A key question is how the addition of Lac- to the lumen increases pHi. We found that inhibition of basolateral H/Lac cotransport by basolateral CHC reduced the initial rate of pHi increase caused by luminal Lac-. On the other hand, luminal CHC had no effect on the luminal Lac(-)-induced alkalinization. These data suggest that when Lac- is present in the lumen, it enters the cell from the lumen via electroneutral Na/Lac cotransport and then exists with H+ across the basolateral membrane via electroneutral H/Lac cotransport. The net effect is transepithelial Lac- reabsorption, basolateral acid extrusion, and intracellular alkalinization.
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Intyre, Tom Mac. "Lancelot du Lac." Books Ireland, no. 214 (1998): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20623663.
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Giommi, P., and P. Padovani. "BL Lac reunification." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 268, no. 1 (May 1, 1994): L51—L54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/268.1.l51.
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Le Roux, Patricia. "New Lac Cases." Homoeopathic Links 20, no. 3 (2007): 150–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-965494.
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Lewis, Mitchell. "The lac repressor." Comptes Rendus Biologies 328, no. 6 (June 2005): 521–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crvi.2005.04.004.
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de Vevey, Pierre. "L’inconnu du lac." Revue Médicale Suisse 5, no. 212 (2009): 1582. http://dx.doi.org/10.53738/revmed.2009.5.212.1582.
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Beckmann, V., D. Engels, N. Bade, and O. Wucknitz. "The HRX-BL Lac sample – Evolution of BL Lac objects." Astronomy & Astrophysics 401, no. 3 (April 2003): 927–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:20030184.
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SHARMA, S. C., S. K. PANDEY, and N. PRASAD. "Equipments for Manufacturing Lac Based Value Added Products." JOURNAL OF AGRISEARCH 9, no. 03 (September 3, 2021): 249–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21921/jas.v9i03.11010.
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Lac, a natural resin of insect origin, yields basically three useful materials i.e.resin, wax and dye and is an important source of livelihood for poor and tribal farmers in the lac growing regions. Lac growers harvest lac in form of lac stick and lac encrustations attached with sticks are then scraped which is known as sticklac. Sticklac contains impurities which need to be removed by converting sticklac in to seedlac through different unit operations under primary lac processing so that seedlac, a semi-refined product, can be further used in making lac based value added products i.e.shellac, button lac, bleached lac, aleuritic acid etc. Sticklac converted into seedlac can be stored like grain in jute/gunny bag or metal bin for longer period. Hence, lac grower can sell stored seedlac whenever they get remunerative price. Lac resin being natural, biodegradable and non-toxic, finds application in food, textile, furniture, electrical and pharmaceutical industries and provides immense employment opportunities. Regular demand for the materials derived from lac exists in the market due to global trend for use of natural products. Small scale lac processing unit can be established for conversion of sticklac in to seedlac in production catchment area at grower's level itself. Similarly, integrated small scale lac processing unit can also be utilized for conversion of sticklac in to seedlac with reduced man-power requirement and minimum drudgery. Equipments/machineries developed for manufacturing value added lac-based products may be encouraged in the country to reduce time of operation, drudgery and manpower requirement with enhanced capacity of value addition in lac and to promote entrepreneurship development which may further enhance employment generation. To ensure the quality of produce, traditional equipments/machineries needs replacement with new equipments/machineries made of food grade materials coupled with advanced automation system to the maximum possible extent. Value addition in lac could be promoted and migration of rural and tribal people to other states in search of employment could be minimized with adoption of improved equipment and machineries for value addition of lac at village level so that rural and tribal people may get remunerative price of their product. Hence, increase in sustainable livelihood of rural and tribal people might be possible with adoption of lac value addition sector
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Vaughan, Elaine E., R. David Pridmore, and Beat Mollet. "Transcriptional Regulation and Evolution of Lactose Genes in the Galactose-Lactose Operon of Lactococcus lactisNCDO2054." Journal of Bacteriology 180, no. 18 (September 15, 1998): 4893–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.180.18.4893-4902.1998.
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ABSTRACT The genetics of lactose utilization within the slow-lactose-fermenting Lactococcus lactis strain NCDO2054 was studied with respect to the organization, expression, and evolution of the lac genes. Initially the β-galactosidase gene (lacZ) was cloned by complementation of an Escherichia coli mutant on a 7-kb HpaI fragment. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the complete fragment revealed part of a gal-lac operon, and the genes were characterized by inactivation and complementation analyses and in vitro enzyme activity measurements. The gene order isgalK-galT-lacA-lacZ-galE; the gal genes encode enzymes of the Leloir pathway for galactose metabolism, andlacA encodes a galactoside acetyltransferase. ThegalT and galE genes of L. lactisLM0230 (a lactose plasmid-cured derivative of the fast-lactose-fermenting L. lactis C2) were highly similar at the nucleotide sequence level to their counterparts in strain NCDO2054 and, furthermore, had the same gene order except for the presence of the intervening lacA-lacZ strain NCDO2054. Analysis of mRNA for the gal and lac genes revealed an unusual transcriptional organization for the operon, with a surprisingly large number of transcriptional units. The regulation of the lac genes was further investigated by using fusions consisting of putative promoter fragments and the promoterless β-glucuronidase gene (gusA) from E. coli, which identified three lactose-inducible intergenic promoters in the gal-lac operon. The greater similarity of thelacA and lacZ genes to homologs in gram-negative organisms than to those of gram-positive bacteria, in contrast to the homologies of the gal genes, suggests that the genes within the gal operon of L. lactisNCDO2054 have been recently acquired. Thus, thelacA-lacZ genes appear to have engaged the promoters of thegal operon in order to direct and control their expression.
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Bashir, Nawaz Haider, Huanhuan Chen, Shahzad Munir, Weiwei Wang, Hang Chen, Yong-Kang Sima, and Jiandong An. "Unraveling the Role of Lac Insects in Providing Natural Industrial Products." Insects 13, no. 12 (December 5, 2022): 1117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects13121117.
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In the current era, products made from organic materials enjoy a privileged position because of their inherent safety. The eco-friendly properties of natural lac resins have increased their demand in many industries. It is secreted by sucking insects (Hemiptera, Kerriidae) and comprises three major components, viz., resin, dye, and wax. Lac insects are generally bivoltine in nature and are distributed in tropical and sub-tropical regions with complex multi-trophic habitats. Because of their sedentary habits, lac insects are more vulnerable to predators, parasitoids, squirrels, and rats, leading to a more than 50% reduction in production yield. To increase lac production, advanced-level molecular research is required to figure out the mechanism behind lac synthesis and secretion to improve lac yield and quality. The present review highlights metamorphosis, sexual dimorphism, multi-trophic habitat, host plants, and natural enemies of lac insects, lac composition, and applications, emphasizing the role of microbes, potential lac genes, and lac synthesis mechanisms in enhancing lac quality and production. The information provided here might be useful for lac researchers and for stakeholders aiming to make their products more eco-friendly.
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Jaiswal, A., K. Sharma, and K. Kumar. "Problems of lac growers in Jharkhand state." Journal of Non-Timber Forest Products 10, no. 1/2 (June 1, 2003): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps2000-2003-vsagwf.
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Based on rating system, five problems which scored more than 50% ratings are : mortality of lac crop during fog especially on Ziziphus mauritiana (Ber) and Schleichera oleosa (Kusum) (72%), shortage of broodlac (62%), non-remunerative market price of lac (57%), spider net on host tree resulting into trapping of crawlers (53%), and lack of technical knowledge on lac cultivation (52%). Two problems, which have rating between 41-50%, are lac crop mortality on Butea monosperma (Palas) during rain after intense heat in summer (50%), dearth of capital for investment in lac cultivation (48%), damage of lac encrustation by squirrel (43%), lack of technical information on lac cultivation (42%), theft in form of broodlac and mature lac sticks (41%) and mortality of crop due to high temperature during summer on Z. mauritiana and B. monosperma (40%). Other problems, which have rating between 31-40%, are damage of lac crop during thunderstorm and peeling of bark of Z. mauritiana shoot by rat (31%), damage of lac crop by insect pests of lac (35%), and lack of information on market price of lac (33%). A few problems are widespread over a large area whereas others are localised to specific areas only.
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Wang, Weiwei, Pengfei Liu, Qin Lu, Xiaofei Ling, Jinwen Zhang, Ming-Shun Chen, Hang Chen, and Xiaoming Chen. "Potential Pathways and Genes Involved in Lac Synthesis and Secretion in Kerria chinensis (Hemiptera: Kerriidae) Based on Transcriptomic Analyses." Insects 10, no. 12 (November 28, 2019): 430. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects10120430.
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Lac is a type of natural resin secreted by lac insects and is widely used in the military and other industries because of its excellent adhesion and insulation properties. The main ingredients of lac are lactones and lactides, which are formed from hydroxy fatty acids and sesquiterpene esters. In this study, we measured lac secretion rates by the insect Kerria chinensis at different developmental stages and identified lac secretion-minimum and lac secretion-active stages of the insect. We then analyzed transcriptomes of lac secretion-minimum and lac secretion-active stages of the insect. Based on expression profiles of genes in different stages of the insect, we identified pathways and genes that are potentially involved in lac synthesis and secretion in K. chinensis. Our study lays a foundation for future studies to reveal the molecular mechanisms and pathways of lac synthesis and secretion in this beneficial insect.
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Pal, Govind. "Socio-Economic Characteristics and Marketing Behaviour of Lac Growers in Raigarh District of Chhattisgarh." Journal of Non-Timber Forest Products 19, no. 3 (September 1, 2012): 229–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps2000-2012-u465n8.
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The study pertains to data collected from randomly selected 100 lac growers in Raigarh district of Chhattisgarh for the year 2008-09. The study indicated that 40% lac growers were medium farmers followed by small (27%), marginal (22%), semi-medium (8%) and large (3%). The majority of lac growers had education up to high school level. Share of income from lac was 17.3% and 33% of total income and farm income respectively of lac growers. In case of off-farm income, maximum income was contributed by forest produce which was 23.1% of total income of farmers. The host utilization percentage was maximum for Palas (44.3%) followed by Kusum (42.1%), other hosts (30.0%) and Ber (25.4%). About 59.0% lac growers produced lac with average production of 52.5 kg, 29.0% lac growers had average production of 135.2 kg and 12.0% lac growers had average production of 225.9 kg annually. The study of marketing behavior indicated that around 84% grower sold their produce either in village or in the market/ Haat up to 5 km radius. Grading practice was less operational in the area. Lac was used as a cash crop and majority of farmers sold lots of 5-10 kg. Around 88% farmers sold lac immediately after harvesting. Implications of the present study will be helpful in strengthening the socio-economic condition of lac growers and lac marketing scenario in Chhattisgarh.
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Sinha, R. P. "Genetic characterization of partial lactose-fermenting revertants from lactose-negative mutants of lactococci." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 37, no. 4 (April 1, 1991): 281–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m91-044.
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Partial lactose-positive (Lac+) revertants, designated RS0121 and RS033, were isolated from lactose-negative (Lac−) mutants of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis C2 and ML3, respectively. These revertants were found to coagulate 10% reconstituted skim milk, but the rate of lactose fermentation was much slower than that of their parental Lac+ strains. Such partial Lac+ revertants were also isolated from Lac− mutants of L. lactis subsp. Lactis SL712, SH4109, and SL763 and of L. lactis subsp. cremoris ML1 and SC607, showing a generalized phenomenon. The Lac+ characteristic of the revertant strains was conjugally transferred to Lac− variants. When the plasmid profiles of the Lac− variants and their partial Lac+ revertants and transconjugants were analyzed, there were no detectable differences in the plasmid bands. A strain with no plasmids, MG1363, also yielded partial Lac+ revertants, which were devoid of all plasmids. In addition, the Lac+ phenotype of one such revertant, designated RS101, was transferable to other Lac− strains by conjugation. The results indicate that the genetic information for slow lactose metabolism in such partial Lac+ revertants is mediated through chromosomal gene(s) and is under the influence of some suppressor. These observations also suggest the possibility of utilizing this method for isolating slow acid producing variants, which could be used as adjuncts with regular cheese starter cultures for accelerated cheese ripening. Key words: lactococci, lactose-negative mutants, plasmid DNA, lactose-fermenting revertants.
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Irinco, Daisy B., Jayson Seel M. Maravilla, and Ramon R. De Vera Jr. "Challenges of Ta Providers in Lac Implemention: Basis for Localized Lac Framework." International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science VIII, no. III (2024): 407–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2024.803029.
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Learning Action Cell (LAC) is a session conducted by group of teachers who engage in collaborative learning sessions to solve shared challenges encountered in school. Though LAC projects a promising result for teachers in improving Teaching and Learning Strategies, it is somehow, not being maximized in the school. This challenge of maximizing (LAC) brings life to Continuous Improvement CI Project BILLS, Boosting and Improving LAC Leaders and Strategies. And this, proposed research is anchored to the on going CI Project BILLS. This study in particular, tried to determine the challenges encountered by TA providers or LAC leaders in LAC implementation. This study aimed to analyze the experiences and challenges, most especially, of the TA providers, 8 Head Teachers, and 18 Master Teachers towards LAC implemantation. This action research was plainly qualitative in nature and made used of interview as the research instrument. Consequently, coding and theming were used for data analysis. This research revealed that TA providers 1. have difficulty in crafting the proposals and securing necessary attachments, 2. due to challenges encountered in LAC implementation by LAC leaders, the monitoring of teachers’ performance was taken for granted, 3. the absence of monitoring and evaluation team was found as another reason on the low success rate of LAC implementation. TA providers also observed that 4. teacher-participants demonstrated less motivation and participation in the LAC session, 5. through the TA’s initiative, they have found out that teachers’ schedule have conflict with the LAC activity and the LAC topics are no longer new to the teacher-participants. Meanwhile, the newly introduced LAC process through CI Project, was observed to have a more detailed, organized and systematic conduct of LAC. The most evident improvements are the following: 1. Presence of Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) all throughout the process, 2. Intervention of Learning and Development (L&D) Coordinator, 3. Posting of QATAME flow chart, 4. Proper conduct of LAC, 5. Presentation of LAC outputs and outcomes.
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A. Vega, Mark Gil. "Investigating the Learning Action Cell (LAC) Experiences of Science Teachers in Secondary Schools: A Multiple Case Study." International Multidisciplinary Research Journal 2, no. 1 (March 26, 2020): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.54476/iimrj377.
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The Department of Education (DepEd) has implemented a policy on the Learning Action Cell (LAC) as a Professional Development Strategy for teachers. This policy helps the teacher to collaborate and solve shared challenges in the school. The principal objectives of this study were to investigate the benefits, challenges, and means of implementation of Learning Action Cell of Science teachers in Secondary Schools of DepEd in the National Capital Region. The study used qualitative, multiple case study design employing survey questionnaires, individual interviews, focus group discussions and LAC observations There were five individual interviews, six focus groups, four actual LAC observations, with approximately 59 participants conducted in this case study. The findings revealed that the implementation of LAC concerning the scheduling of sessions is different and inconsistent with other schools. In addition, there is no tool for evaluating the LAC session, no success indicator applied in the school and no LAC model to follow in implementing LAC. There are four themes that emerged in the benefits experienced by science teachers, which include: Better Working Environment, Develop Good Relationship, Professional Growth, Content and Pedagogical Knowledge. The participants in this study identified a number of challenges. They were divided into six themes: Scheduling, Disruption of Classes, Teachers’ Availability, LAC Activities, LAC Framework, and Funding. Furthermore, the principal results of the study showed that the implementation of LAC has an impact on teaching science but still, the participants recommended strengthening the LAC through creating a LAC model and development of LAC evaluation to monitor the status of LAC in each school properly.
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Deng, Wei, Wei Zhao, and Yang Yang. "Degradation and Detoxification of Chlorophenols with Different Structure by LAC-4 Laccase Purified from White-Rot Fungus Ganoderma lucidum." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 13 (July 2, 2022): 8150. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19138150.
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A laccase named LAC-4 was purified from Ganoderma lucidum. Firstly, the enzymatic properties of purified LAC-4 laccase, and the degradation of three chlorophenol pollutants 2,6-dichlorophenol (2,6-DCP), 2,3,6-trichlorophenol (2,3,6-TCP) and 3-chlorophenol (3-CP) by LAC-4 were systematically studied. LAC-4 had a strong ability for 2,6-DCP and 2,3,6-TCP degradation. The degradation ability of LAC-4 to 3-CP was significantly lower than that of 2,6-DCP and 2,3,6-TCP. LAC-4 also had a good degradation effect on the chlorophenol mixture (2,6-DCP + 2,3,6-TCP). The results of kinetics of degradation of chlorophenols by LAC-4 suggested that the affinity of LAC-4 for 2,6-DCP was higher than 2,3,6-TCP. The catalytic efficiency and the catalytic rate of LAC-4 on 2,6-DCP were also significantly higher than 2,3,6-TCP. During degradation of 2,6-DCP and 2,3,6-TCP, LAC-4 had a strong tolerance for high concentrations of different metal salts (such as MnSO4, ZnSO4, Na2SO4, MgSO4, CuSO4, K2SO4) and organic solvents (such as ethylene glycol and glycerol). Next, detoxification of chlorophenols by LAC-4 was also systematically explored. LAC-4 treatment had a strong detoxification ability and a good detoxification effect on the phytotoxicity of individual chlorophenols (2,6-DCP, 2,3,6-TCP) and chlorophenol mixtures (2,6-DCP + 2,3,6-TCP). The phytotoxicities of 2,6-DCP, 2,3,6-TCP and chlorophenol mixtures (2,6-DCP + 2,3,6-TCP) treated with LAC-4 were considerably reduced or eliminated. Finally, we focused on the degradation mechanisms and pathways of 2,6-DCP and 2,3,6-TCP degradation by LAC-4. The putative transformation pathway of 2,6-DCP and 2,3,6-TCP catalyzed by laccase was revealed for the first time. The free radicals formed by LAC-4 oxidation of 2,6-DCP and 2,3,6-TCP produced dimers through polymerization. LAC-4 catalyzed the polymerization of 2,6-DCP and 2,3,6-TCP, forming dimer products. LAC-4 catalyzed 2,6-DCP into two main products: 2,6-dichloro-4-(2,6-dichlorophenoxy) phenol and 3,3′,5,5′-tetrachloro-4,4′-dihydroxybiphenyl. LAC-4 catalyzed 2,3,6-TCP into two main products: 2,3,6-trichloro-4-(2,3,6-trichlorophenoxy) phenol and 2,2′,3,3′,5,5′-hexachloro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4,4′-diol.
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Pal, Govind, M. Bhagat, and A. Bhattacharya. "Yield gap and constraints in adoption of improved lac cultivation technology in Jharkhand." Indian Journal of Forestry 33, no. 4 (December 1, 2010): 609–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2010-71tu5x.
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This paper is based on the analysis of survey data of 500 lac growers in Ranchi and West Singhbhum districts of Jharkhand during two years (2002-2004). On the basis of survey data analysis, the yield gaps were observed to be 38.0, 49.3 and 19.1 per cent of the potential farm yield on the major lac host plants Palas (Butea monosperma), Ber (Zizyphus mauritiana) and Kusum (Schleichera oleosa) respectively. The lower yield gap in case of lac cultivation on Kusum as compared to palas and ber can be attributed to higher realized yield of lac on Kusum. Lac growers could not adopt improved techniques of lac cultivation because of their poor condition. About 87.5% lac growers have adopted Phunki removal, 62.5% have adopted pruning of lac hosts, 42.0% have adopted bundling of broodlac and tagging on plant and 28.0% have adopted selection of good quality broodlac techniques. The adoption of coupe system of lac cultivation, spray of insecticide and use of synthetic net was below 10%. The major constraints faced by the lac growers (more than 50%) in lac cultivation have been identified to be shortage of funds for purchase of input, non-availability of improved inputs in local market, theft of lac, lack of scientific knowledge on lac cultivation, insect mortality due to environmental factors, operational difficulty due to host height, lack of demonstration on farmer’s field, long distance of market and lack of grading facility in the market.
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Song, Peng-Hong, Hai-Yang Xie, Shu-Sen Zheng, and Jian Wu. "The Inhibitory Role of Lactacystin and β-Lactacystin on T-cell Activation and Proliferation." Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica 36, no. 2 (February 1, 2004): 123–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/abbs/36.2.123.
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Abstract To evaluate the effects of proteasome inhibitors lactacystin (LAC) and β-lactacystin (β-LAC) on the proliferation and activation of T lymphocytes, flow cytometry was used to analyze the proliferation and the expression of CD69, CD25 and CD3 of T lymphocytes activated by PHA. Furthermore, the expressions of PA28 and IL-2 mRNA were assayed by competitive RT-PCR. The results indicated that: (1) LAC and β-LAC significantly decreased the incorporation of BrdU and inhibited T lymphocytes proliferation in T lymphocytes activated by PHA; (2) although LAC and β-LAC did not affect the expression of CD69 at any time, they significantly inhibited the expression of CD25 (48 h, 72 h, P<0.05); (3) in comparison with control, LAC and β-LAC significantly down-regulated the expression of PA28 and IL-2 mRNA (48 h, 72 h, P<0.05). LAC and β-LAC significantly inhibited the proliferation and activation of T cells. Mechanisms involved are inhibition of CD25 and down-regulation of PA28 and IL-2 mRNA expressions.
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Ge, Huilin, Min Zhou, Daizhu Lv, Mingyue Wang, Cunzhu Dong, Yao Wan, Zhenshan Zhang, and Suru Wang. "New Insight Regarding the Relationship Between Enantioselective Toxicity Difference and Enantiomeric Toxicity Interaction from Chiral Ionic Liquids." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 24 (December 6, 2019): 6163. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20246163.
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Chirality is an important property of molecules. The study of biological activity and toxicity of chiral molecules has important theoretical and practical significance for toxicology, pharmacology, and environmental science. The toxicological significance of chiral ionic liquids (ILs) has not been well revealed. In the present study, the enantiomeric joint toxicities of four pairs of chiral ILs 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium lactate to Allivibrio fischeri were systematically investigated by using a comprehensive approach including the co-toxicity coefficient (CTC) integrated with confidence interval (CI) method (CTCICI), concentration-response curve (CRC), and isobole analysis. The direct equipartition ray (EquRay) design was used to design five binary mixtures of enantiomers according to molar ratios of 1:5, 2:4, 3:3, 4:2, and 5:1. The toxicities of chiral ILs and their mixtures were determined using the microplate toxicity analysis (MTA) method. Concentration addition (CA) and independent action (IA) were used as the additive reference models to construct the predicted CRC and isobole of mixtures. On the whole, there was an enantioselective toxicity difference between [BMIM]D-Lac and [BMIM]L-Lac, and [HMIM]D-Lac and [HMIM]L-Lac, while no enantioselective toxicity difference was observed for [EMIM]D-Lac and [EMIM]L-Lac, and [OMIM]D-Lac and [OMIM]L-Lac. Thereinto, the enantiomer mixtures of [BMIM]D-Lac and [BMIM]L-Lac, and [HMIM]D-Lac and [HMIM]L-Lac presented antagonistic action, and the enantiomer mixtures of [EMIM]D-Lac and [EMIM]L-Lac, and [OMIM]D-Lac and [OMIM]L-Lac overall presented additive action. Moreover, the greatest antagonistic toxicity interaction occurred at the equimolar ratio of enantiomers. Based on these results, we proposed two hypotheses, (1) chiral molecules with enantioselective toxicity difference tended to produce toxicity interactions, (2) the highest or lowest toxicity was usually at the equimolar ratio and its adjacent ratio for the enantiomer mixture. These hypotheses will need to be further validated by other enantiomer mixtures.
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Pajek, Jernej, Radoslav Kveder, Andrej Bren, Andrej Guček, Alojz Ihan, Joško Osredkar, and Bengt Lindholm. "Short-Term Effects of a New Bicarbonate/Lactate-Buffered and Conventional Peritoneal Dialysis Fluid on Peritoneal and Systemic Inflammation in CAPD Patients: A Randomized Controlled Study." Peritoneal Dialysis International: Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis 28, no. 1 (January 2008): 44–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089686080802800109.
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Objectives This study was designed to compare the local peritoneal and systemic inflammatory effects of a conventional lactate-based (Lac) peritoneal dialysis (PD) solution and a new biocompatible bicarbonate/lactate-based (Bic/ Lac) solution having low concentration of glucose degradation products. Methods 26 stable, prevalent PD patients were enrolled in this prospective study. They sequentially underwent 3 months of therapy with the Lac solution and 3 months with the Bic/Lac solution in a randomized order. Flow cytometry was used to measure the expression of inflammatory molecules on peritoneal cells in overnight effluent collected at the end of each study period. Results 21 patients successfully completed the study. Mean fluorescence intensity of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR and CD14 expression by macrophages were not different between Lac and Bic/Lac. The peritoneal appearance rate of cancer antigen 125 (kU/minute) was 68 ± 37 with Lac and 133 ± 66 with Bic/Lac ( p < 0.001), and of interleukin (IL)-6 (ng/minute), 0.28 ± 0.2 with Lac and 0.18 ± 0.16 with Bic/Lac ( p = 0.014). HLA-DR macrophage expression and IL-6 peritoneal appearance rates did not correlate. Serum concentrations with Lac and Bic/Lac were, for IL-6, 3.49 ± 2.28 and 3.72 ± 2.46 ng/L ( p = 0.17), and for high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, 2.31 ± 2.98 and 2.71 ± 3.31 mg/L ( p = 0.32) respectively. The concentration of effluent macrophages (x106/L) with Lac was 1.6 ± 1.6 and with Bic/Lac 2.6 ± 3.3 ( p = 0.07). Conclusions We conclude that, although there was a significant reduction in peritoneal IL-6 in patients using Bic/ Lac solution, systemic levels of inflammatory markers did not differ between the two solutions and no changes were present in macrophage surface activation markers, suggesting perhaps a less important role of peritoneal macrophages in the intraperitoneal chronic inflammatory process. The number of effluent macrophages tended to be higher in patients using the Bic/Lac solution, possibly contributing to improved intraperitoneal defense.
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Lodhi, Balram, Aniruddha Majumdar, Rajesh Barman, Vijay Singh, Pratibha Bhatnagar, Anirudhwa Sarkar, and Amitabh Agnihotri. "Socio economic status of lac growing farmers of Balaghat district of Madhya Pradesh and Gondia district of Maharashtra." Journal of Non-Timber Forest Products 29, no. 1 (July 30, 2022): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps2000-2022-dh5dh4.
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To study socio economic status of lac growing farmers’, random sampling technique was followed to select lac growers and interviewed through a structured questionnaire on selected 40 farmers in Balaghat district of Madhya Pradesh and 31 farmers in the Gondia district of Maharashtra between 2020 and 2021. The study revealed that majority of lac growers of Balaghat (67.5%) and Gondia (48.39%) belonged to middle age group (35-55 years) and in terms of production, 42.5% farmers of Balaghat and 38.7% farmers of Gondia produced Rangeeni lac between 100-300 kg per annum. In Balaghat district, income from lac contributes 31.85% to farmer’s total household income and maximum farmers (27.5%) earned Rs. 10001-20000 per annum from lac cultivation whereas in Gondia district, lac income contributes 22.12% to farmer’s total household income and maximum farmers (22.6%) earned between 40001-60000 per annum from lac cultivation. Study revealed that most of the farmers of Balaghat and Gondia districts are getting supplementary income from lac cultivation, there is a need - for capacity building and awareness on scientific methods of lac cultivation to enhance production and income so can be developed as a successful model of income generation of local communities through lac cultivation.
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Hill, Elena, Somphit Chinkam, Lilia Cardenas, and Ronald Edward Iverson. "Labour after caesarean counselling documentation: a quality improvement intervention on labour and delivery." BMJ Open Quality 10, no. 4 (October 2021): e001232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjoq-2020-001232.
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BackgroundMost women who have had previous caesareans are eligible to have labour after caesarean (LAC), but only 11.9% do so. Studies show the majority of women have already decided about future mode of birth (FMOB) before a subsequent pregnancy. Hence, providing women with LAC counselling soon after birth may help women plan for future pregnancies. Prior to our intervention, our hospital had no method of ensuring that women received LAC counselling after caesarean section. The purpose of this QI initiative was to assess whether formal LAC documentation on labour and delivery (L&D) improves rates of LAC counselling post partum.MethodsOur three-part intervention included: (1) surgeon’s assessment of LAC feasibility in the operative note, (2) written LAC education for women in discharge paperwork and (3) documentation of LAC counselling in the discharge summary. We implemented these changes on L&D in January 2019. We conducted phone surveys of 40 women after caesarean preintervention and postintervention. Surveys included questions regarding three primary outcomes: whether or not they had received LAC counselling either in the hospital or at a postpartum visit, and whether or not they would pursue LAC as FMOB. Surveys also assessed two secondary outcomes: (1) women’s understanding of the indications for surgery and (2) their involvement in the decision process. We used a χ2 analysis to assess primary outcomes and a Fisher’s exact test to assess secondary outcomes. We also surveyed providers about the culture of LAC counselling at our hospital.ResultsAfter our intervention, there was a significant difference between the number of women reporting LAC postpartum counselling (30.77% vs 53.8%, p=0.04). There was also a significant difference in the number of women feeling involved in the decision-making process (68% vs 95%, p=0.03). Providers reported improved knowledge/confidence around LAC counselling (58%–100%). Providers universally stated that LAC counselling has become more ingrained in the culture on L&D.ConclusionsDocumentation of LAC counselling improved the consistency with which providers incorporated LAC counselling into postpartum care. Addressing FMOB at the time of pLTCS and documenting that counselling may be an effective first step in empowering women to pursue LAC in future pregnancies.
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La Milia, Vincenzo, Monica Limardo, Monica Crepaldi, and Francesco Locatelli. "Effects of Ionized Sodium Concentrations on Ultrafiltration Rate in Peritoneal Dialysis Using Lactate and Lactate/Bicarbonate Solutions." Peritoneal Dialysis International: Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis 29, no. 2 (March 2009): 158–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089686080902900209.
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Objective To investigate the possible effects of different concentrations of ionized sodium (NaI) on peritoneal ultrafiltration (UF) rate using lactate (Lac) and lactate/bicarbonate (Lac/Bic) dialysis solutions. Design Two random consecutive (after an interval of 48 hours) peritoneal equilibration tests (PETs) were performed in 13 patients (4 males and 9 females) on regular continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (PD) treatment for at least 3 months. Two different PD solutions containing anhydrous glucose 3.86% were used: a 40 mmol/L Lac solution and a 15/25 mmol/L mixed Lac/Bic solution. Concentrations of total sodium (NaT) and NaI were measured by flame photometer and direct ion-selective electrode respectively. Results Dialysate concentrations of NaT were not different during PETs using Lac and Lac/Bic. Dialysate concentrations of NaI in fresh PD solutions were different (133.3 ± 1.7 vs 128.2 ± 3.9 mmol, p < 0.0001); however, these differences disappeared just after the end of the infusion of the fresh solutions. Peritoneal UF rate was not significantly different during PETs using Lac versus Lac/Bic (609 ± 301 mL vs 542 ± 362 mL). The dialysate-to-plasma ratios of sodium concentrations at 60 minutes of the PETs (which are expressions of free water transport) were not different using Lac versus Lac/Bic (0.89 ± 0.04 vs 0.89 ± 0.04 respectively, p = 0.96). All the other classical parameters of the PET were not different between Lac and Lac/Bic. Conclusions The higher dialysate concentrations of NaI due to lower dialysate pH and consequently the higher effective osmolality of the fresh Lac PD solutions did not influence peritoneal UF rate, probably because of the fast reduction of NaI concentrations due to rapid correction of dialysate pH at the end of the infusion of Lac solutions into the peritoneal cavity.
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Sarvade, S., R. K. Panse, S. K. Rajak, and V. B. Upadhyay. "Impact of biotic and abiotic factors on lac production and peoples’ livelihood improvement in India-An overview." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 10, no. 3 (August 9, 2018): 894–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v10i3.1761.
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In India, Madhya Pradesh is the third largest lac producing state after Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand, as they contribute 12, 16 and 60%, respectively in total country’s lac production. Lac is produced in ten out of eleven agro-climatic zones of Madhya Pradesh. In total lac production of the state, Baisakhi (Butea monosperma, inoculated in October-November) crop contributes 76% followed by 19% by Katki (Butea monosperma, inoculated in June-July), 3% by Aghani (Schleichera oleosa, inoculated in June-July) and 2% by Jethwi (Schleichera oleosa, inoculated in January-February). Ranchi was leading lac producing district followed by Simdega, Gumla, Khunti of Jharkhand and Seoni district of Madhya Pradesh. Increasing summer temperature up to 45 â°C, the country’s lac production was declined from 20,050 tons in 2003-04 to 16978 tons in 2014-15. In case of biotic factors, Tachardiaephagus tachardiae and Tetrastichus purpureus are the most abundant lac associated parasites and Eublemma amabilis and Pseudohypatopa pulverea are the most destructive key predators of lac insects. By combating these hindrances, lac cultivation generated an employment for 16-160 man days. Lac cultivation produces maximum gross return (Rs. 9,77,600) from 100 Kusum host plants, and the highest Benefit-Cost (6.80) ratio was recorded for Ber-kusumi (Ziziphus mauritiana- Schleichera oleosa) crop in Ranchi, Jharkhand. In this context, the study finds out obstacles in lac production of India and suggests some control measures to improve lac producing peoples’ livelihood.
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Jin, Xiang, Xingang Liu, Xiaodan Li, and Yinghui Guan. "Integrated Analysis of DNA Methylation and mRNA Expression Profiles Data to Identify Key Genes in Lung Adenocarcinoma." BioMed Research International 2016 (2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4369431.
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Introduction. Lung adenocarcinoma (LAC) is the most frequent type of lung cancer and has a high metastatic rate at an early stage. This study is aimed at identifying LAC-associated genes.Materials and Methods. GSE62950 downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus included a DNA methylation dataset and an mRNA expression profiles dataset, both of which included 28 LAC tissue samples and 28 adjacent normal tissue samples. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened by Limma package in R, and their functions were predicted by enrichment analysis using TargetMine online tool. Then, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using STRING and Cytoscape. Finally, LAC-associated methylation sites were identified by CpGassoc package in R and mapped to the DEGs to obtain LAC-associated DEGs.Results. Total 913 DEGs were identified in LAC tissues. In the PPI networks,MAD2L1,AURKB,CCNB2,CDC20,andWNT3Ahad higher degrees, and the first four genes might be involved in LAC through interaction. Total 8856 LAC-associated methylation sites were identified and mapped to the DEGs. And there were 29 LAC-associated methylation sites located in 27 DEGs (e.g.,SH3GL2,BAI3,CDH13,JAM2,MT1A,LHX6,andIGFBP3).Conclusions. These key genes might play a role in pathogenesis of LAC.
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Fortin, Réjean, Jean-René Mongeau, Gilles Desjardins, and Pierre Dumont. "Movements and biological statistics of lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) populations from the St. Lawrence and Ottawa River system, Quebec." Canadian Journal of Zoology 71, no. 3 (March 1, 1993): 638–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z93-087.
Full textAbstract:
Our objective was to compare movements and biological statistics of lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) populations from two fluvial lakes on the St. Lawrence River, Lac Saint-Louis and Lac Saint-Pierre, which are main commercial fishing sectors, and from Lac des Deux Montagnes on the Ottawa River. Sturgeon can move freely among these three lakes. Lac des Deux Montagnes sturgeon differ from the other groups by their higher degree of sedentariness, slower growth, and lower condition factor. Lac Saint-Louis and Lac Saint-Pierre sturgeon are also sedentary, but some movement between the two lakes was observed. Sturgeon tagged on the Rivière des Prairies and Rivière L'Assomption spawning grounds, located in the central part of the study area, and also on pre- and post-spawning concentration sites, were recaptured throughout the St. Lawrence River, from Lac Saint-Louis to Lac Saint-Pierre. Length, weight, and age composition of the commercial catch, growth, and total mortality varied between Lac Saint-Louis and Lac Saint-Pierre. Higher commercial exploitation rates in the latter could be responsible for some differences. The management implications of these results are discussed.
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Mohammad, A., MM Rahman, JC Barman, MI Kaysar, and N. Sakib. "Analysis of Farmers’ Knowledge and Attitude Towards Lac Cultivation in Bangladesh." Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research 45, no. 4 (December 15, 2022): 409–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v45i4.63247.
Full textAbstract:
The study was a descriptive survey, which was undertaken to describe the lac grower’s knowledge and attitude towards lac cultivation. The study was conducted at two lac growing area of Naogan and Chapainawabganj district. Sixty lac farmers were selected randomly from selected area and considered as sample of the study. The interview schedule was developed according to the objective of the study. The farmer’s knowledge on lac cultivation was calculated by answering 10 questions related to lac cultivation. Five point likertscale was employed to judge 15 attitude measuring statements towards lac cultivation. The highest proportion (36.67%) of the respondent was in 50%and above knowledge category but no respondent was found at 80% and above knowledge category. Maximum (86.67%) respondents possessed moderately to highly favourable attitude towards lac cultivation where only13.33% possessed less favourable attitude. Among the socio demographic characteristics, training exposure showed significant positive relationship with farmer’s knowledge and attitude where education showed significant positive relationship with farmer’s knowledge. Different need based lac cultivation related training to farmer can play vital role for development and popularization of lac cultivation.
Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 45(4): 409-417, December 2020
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McNeilage, L. J., E. M. Macmillan, and S. F. Whittingham. "Mapping of epitopes on the La(SS-B) autoantigen of primary Sjögren's syndrome: identification of a cross-reactive epitope." Journal of Immunology 145, no. 11 (December 1, 1990): 3829–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.145.11.3829.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Autoepitopes on the ribonucleoprotein La(SS-B) were identified by using recombinant La(SS-B) polypeptides and sera from 166 patients with the antinuclear autoantibody anti-La(SS-B). The La(SS-B) polypeptides were encoded by polymerase chain reaction-derived overlapping or nonoverlapping fragments of the La(SS-B) gene, which encodes a protein of 408 amino acids (aa). Of the 166 sera tested, 99% reacted with a fusion protein comprising the first 107 N-terminal aa (LaA); 91% reacted with a fusion protein comprising aa 111 to 242 (LaC), and 91% reacted with a fusion protein comprising aa 346 to 408 (LaL2/3) at the C terminus of La(SS-B). The order of immunodominance as assessed by the number of sera reacting with each epitope and the strength of the reactivity was LaA (aa 1 to 107) greater than LaC (aa) 111 to 242) much greater than LaL2/3 (aa 346 to 408). Cross-reactivity was observed between antibodies eluted from LaC (aa 111 to 242) and LaL2/3 (aa 346 to 408), but there was no significant primary sequence homology between the two regions. The LaC region contained at least two epitopes, one encompassing a putative RNA-binding motif (aa 112 to 187) which was recognized by 83% of patient sera. Serial serum samples from three patients showed that the antibody response to La(SS-B) was initially directed to the N terminus (LaA, aa 1 to 107), but over a period of time all three major epitopes, including that encompassing the putative RNA-binding motif, were recognized. This result suggests that the primary immune response to La(SS-B) is restricted to an immunodominant epitope. As the specificity of the autoantibody response broadens, it includes the RNA-binding motif, which may have important implications for the expression of disease.
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Ghosal, S., K. Sharma, A. Bhattacharya, and K. Kumar. "Broodlac and sticklac yield as affected by site of inoculation, shoot length coverage and irrigation levels." Journal of Non-Timber Forest Products 9, no. 1/2 (June 1, 2002): 67–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps2000-2002-rl099w.
Full textAbstract:
Flemingia semialata is an important bushy lac-host plant which is utilised, in alternation with other lac-hosts for lac cultivation during rainy season. However, plant and lac insect mortality due to stress of heavy inoculation and lack of irrigation is a common problem in bushy lac-hosts which not only adversely affects the production of raw lac but also the quality of broodlac. Studies on effect of site of inoculation, percentage shoot length coverage and different levels of irrigation revealed that all the plants inoculated at lower part and 57.2% of the plants inoculated at upper part did not yield lac and the middle portion of one year old stalk was preferred by the lac insect for settlement. Average broodlac (63.5 g) and sticklac (33.0 g) yield was maximum in the middle inoculated plant. 40% coverage of inoculable shoot length gave maximum returns for broodlac cultivation, though, sticklac yield increased with increase in shoot coverage up to 80%. Irrigation of crop at regular intervals improved the quality of the broodlac. Number of lac larvae emerging from 10 g of broodlac cultured on daily irrigated plants covered 91.8 cm shoot in comparison to 35.4 cm covered by lac larvae emerging from broodlac obtained from un-irrigated plants. Survival of female lac insects till crop maturity also increased from 23.1% in control to 65.5% in daily irrigated plants.
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Piao, Mingyue, Donglei Zou, Yuesuo Yang, Xianghao Ren, Chuanyu Qin, and Yunxian Piao. "Multi-Functional Laccase Immobilized Hydrogel Microparticles for Efficient Removal of Bisphenol A." Materials 12, no. 5 (February 27, 2019): 704. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12050704.
Full textAbstract:
Hghly stable, reusable, and multi-functional biocatalytic microparticles with Laccase (Lac) enzyme (Lac/particles) were synthesized for bisphenol A (BPA) removal from aqueous solution. The Lac/particles were prepared by encapsulating Lac enzymes into poly ethylene glycol (PEG) hydrogel via the UV assisted emulsion polymerization method followed by cross linking with glutaraldehyde (GA). The obtained Lac/particles were spherical and micron sized (137–535 μm), presenting high enzyme entrapment efficiency of 100%, high activity recovery of 18.9%, and great stability at various pHs (3–7) than the free Lac. The Lac/particles could adsorb the BPA into the catalytic particles in a short time, promoting contact between BPA and enzyme, and further enzymatically degrade them without the shaking process and independent surrounding buffer solution. The Lac/particles could be reused for another round BPA adsorption and biotranformation by maintaining over 90% of BPA removal efficiency after seven times reuse. The synergistic effects of adsorption and biocatalytical reaction of Lac/particles have significant values in high efficient and cost-effective BPA removal.