Relevant bibliographies by topics / LAC

Academic literature on the topic 'LAC'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 31 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "LAC"

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Zeng, Lin, Satarupa Das, and Robert A. Burne. "Utilization of Lactose and Galactose by Streptococcus mutans: Transport, Toxicity, and Carbon Catabolite Repression." Journal of Bacteriology 192, no. 9 (February 26, 2010): 2434–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.01624-09.

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ABSTRACT Abundant in milk and other dairy products, lactose is considered to have an important role in oral microbial ecology and can contribute to caries development in both adults and young children. To better understand the metabolism of lactose and galactose by Streptococcus mutans, the major etiological agent of human tooth decay, a genetic analysis of the tagatose-6-phosphate (lac) and Leloir (gal) pathways was performed in strain UA159. Deletion of each gene in the lac operon caused various alterations in expression of a PlacA -cat promoter fusion and defects in growth on either lactose (lacA, lacB, lacF, lacE, and lacG), galactose (lacA, lacB, lacD, and lacG) or both sugars (lacA, lacB, and lacG). Failure to grow in the presence of galactose or lactose by certain lac mutants appeared to arise from the accumulation of intermediates of galactose metabolism, particularly galatose-6-phosphate. The glucose- and lactose-PTS permeases, EIIMan and EIILac, respectively, were shown to be the only effective transporters of galactose in S. mutans. Furthermore, disruption of manL, encoding EIIABMan, led to increased resistance to glucose-mediated CCR when lactose was used to induce the lac operon, but resulted in reduced lac gene expression in cells growing on galactose. Collectively, the results reveal a remarkably high degree of complexity in the regulation of lactose/galactose catabolism.
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Arellano, Benjamin H., Janett D. Ortiz, Janet Manzano, and Joseph C. Chen. "Identification of a Dehydrogenase Required for Lactose Metabolism in Caulobacter crescentus." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 76, no. 9 (February 26, 2010): 3004–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02085-09.

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ABSTRACT Caulobacter crescentus, which thrives in freshwater environments with low nutrient levels, serves as a model system for studying bacterial cell cycle regulation and organelle development. We examined its ability to utilize lactose (i) to gain insight into the metabolic capacities of oligotrophic bacteria and (ii) to obtain an additional genetic tool for studying this model organism, aiming to eliminate the basal enzymatic activity that hydrolyzes the chromogenic substrate 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-β-d-galactopyranoside (X-gal). Using a previously isolated transposon mutant, we identified a gene, lacA, that is required for growth on lactose as the sole carbon source and for turning colonies blue in the presence of X-gal. LacA, which contains a glucose-methanol-choline (GMC) oxidoreductase domain, has homology to the flavin subunit of Pectobacterium cypripedii's gluconate dehydrogenase. Sequence comparisons indicated that two genes near lacA, lacB and lacC, encode the other subunits of the membrane-bound dehydrogenase. In addition to lactose, all three lac genes are involved in the catabolism of three other β-galactosides (lactulose, lactitol, and methyl-β-d-galactoside) and two glucosides (salicin and trehalose). Dehydrogenase assays confirmed that the lac gene products oxidize lactose, salicin, and trehalose. This enzymatic activity is inducible, and increased lac expression in the presence of lactose and salicin likely contributes to the induction. Expression of lacA also depends on the presence of the lac genes, implying that the dehydrogenase participates in induction. The involvement of a dehydrogenase suggests that degradation of lactose and other sugars in C. crescentus may resemble a proposed pathway in Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
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Naumova, E. S. "Inter-Strain Hybridization of Kluyveromyces lactis for creating efficient lactose-fermenting Yeast." Biotekhnologiya 37, no. 4 (2021): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21519/0234-2758-2021-37-4-43-50.

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A molecular genetic study of Kluyveromyces lactis yeasts isolated from various dairy products in the countries of the former Soviet Union and other regions of the world has been carried out. Based on physiological tests, four strains were selected that carry different LAC loci and are characterized by good fermentation intensity: VKM Y-1339 (LAC3), VKM Y-1333 (LAC3), NRRL Y-1118 (LAC1), and NRRL Y-1140 (LAC2). Eleven hybrids of the selected strains with different rates of lactose fermentation were obtained. No correlation was found between the intensity of lactose fermentation and the amino acid sequences of the LAC12 lactose permease gene of the LAC1, LAC2, and LAC3 loci. Apparently, a specific combination of genotypes of crossed strains has a more significant effect on the fermentation activity. The results obtained showed that inter-strain hybridization of K. lactis dairy yeast is an effective method for creating new strains with high fermentation capacity. Hybrids H2-3 (NRRL Y-1118 × VKM Y-1333) and H3-3 (NRRL Y-1140 × VKM Y-1333) with the highest ability to ferment lactose are of interest for further molecular genetic research and breeding programs. Key words: Kluyveromyces lactis, β-galactosidase, lactose permease, LAC4, LAC12, LAC1 locus, LAC2 locus, LAC3 locus, inter-strain hybridization, lactose fermentation, heterosis Acknowledgment - The authors are grateful to the Genomic Center of the Kurchatov Institute SRC---GosNIIgentika for sequencing the nucleotide sequences of the LAC12 genes for lactose permease on the Applied Biosystems 3730 automated analyzer. Funding - This work was supported by an internal grant from the National Research Center Kurchatov Institute (order of the National Research Center Kurchatov Institute No. 1779).
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Din, Erdal, Gaetano Ragno, Giuseppina Ioele, and Dumitru Baleanu. "Fractional Wavelet Analysis for the Simultaneous Quantitative Analysis of Lacidipine and Its Photodegradation Product by Continuous Wavelet Transform and Multilinear Regression Calibration." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 89, no. 6 (November 1, 2006): 1538–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/89.6.1538.

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Abstract Fractional wavelet transform (FWT) was applied to the original absorption spectra of lacidipine (LAC) and its photodegradation product (LACD), and the resulting FWT spectra were processed by continuous wavelet transform (CWT) and multilinear regression calibration (MLRC) for the simultaneous quantitative analysis of both products in their binary mixtures. These methods do not require any chemical separation step and chemical complex reaction to obtain a detectable signal for the degradation product. By using the Mexican hat function, 2 calibration functions for LAC and LACD were obtained by measuring the CWT transformed signals at 416.1 nm for LAC and 414.6 nm for LACD, after FWT processing of the original absorption spectra. The calibration graphs were linear in the concentration range of 5.0840.64 μg/mL for LAC and 0.518.16 μg/mL for LACD. The limit of detection and the limit of quantitation were found to be 0.289 and 0.956 μg/mL for LAC and 0.036 and 0.118 μg/mL for LACD, respectively. For comparison, the MLRC algorithm was applied to the linear regression functions for the individual drug and its photoproduct. In this approach, a set of linear regression functions was obtained from the relationship between concentrations and FWT signals in the wavelength range 411.0412.4 nm. Both methods were applied to the quantitative evaluation of LAC and LACD in laboratory and pharmaceutical samples, and produced very satisfactory results.
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Culard, F., M. Charlier, J. C. Maurizot, and A. Tardieu. "Lac repressor — Lac operator complexes." European Biophysics Journal 14, no. 3 (January 1987): 169–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00253842.

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Talbot, Emile J., and Jean Echenoz. "Lac." World Literature Today 64, no. 4 (1990): 605. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40146886.

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Ali, Md Omar, Naznin Ara Khatune, Mst Shahnaj Parvin, A. H. M. Khurshid Alam, and Md Aziz Abdur Rahman. "In vitro Antioxidant and Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Lippia alba (Verbenaceae)." Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 26, no. 1 (January 31, 2023): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bpj.v26i1.64212.

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The research was designated to investigate the polyphenolic contents and antioxidant activity of the aqueous ethanolic extract and various fractions from the plant Lippia alba (Mill.) (Family: Verbenaceae). The dried course powder was extracted with 5% aqueous ethanol to get ethanolic extract (LAE) that was partitioned successively with n-hexane (LAH), chloroform (LAC), ethyl acetate (LAA), and water (LAQ). All the extracts were tested for polyphenol contents and antioxidant activity. The phenolic contents and the flavonoid contents of LAE, LAH, LAC, LAA, and LAQ were found to be 97.463±0.36, 55.030±0.690, 91.343±0.120, 117.340±1.349 and 81.630±0.550 and 418.470±4.962, 583.847±2.274, 168.623±1.186, 161.970±1.793 and 392.257±4.856 mg of GAE/g of dried extractives, respectively. The data showed that LAA contained highest phenolics and LAH contains highest flavonoids content than that of other fractions. The flavonol contents and the proanthocyanidin contents of LAE, LAH, LAC, LAA, LAQ and standard (at 100 μg/ml each) were 0.611±0.01, 0.144±0.031, 1.938±0.023, 1.944±0.049, 0.385±0.007 and 0.984±0.025 and 0.087±0.005, 0.155±0.004, 0.068±0.002, 0.049±0.002, 0.056±0.003 and 1.533±0.044, respectively, indicating remarkable flavonoid contents of LAC and LAA when compare to standard. However, proanthocyanidin contents of the extractives are less than standard catechin. In total antioxidant activity and reducing power capacity assay LAE, LAH, LAC, LAA, LAQ and standard showed absorbance at 0.667±0.005, 0.753±0.046, 0.444±0.009, 0.409±0.005, 0.235±0.007 and 1.534±0.38 and 1.633±0.055, 0.258±0.033, 3.839±0.051, 2.301±0.004, 0.360±0.042, and 1.046±0.053, respectively. The results demonstrated that all the extractives of L. alba had appreciable antioxidant activity when compared to standard. In DPPH radical scavenging assay and hydroxyl radical scavenging assay, the IC50 of LAE, LAH, LAC, LAA, LAQ and standard were found to be 15.73±0.51, 58.90±1.86, 15.93±1.24, 3.84±0.18, 7.17±0.36 and 3.48±0.17 μg/ml and 10.95±0.560, 13.25±0.56, 11.69±0.69, 5.68±0.408, 6.36±0.581 and 6.50±0.271 μg/ml, respectively. The significant scavenging activity was found in LAA that was similar to standard BHT and catechin. All these observations demonstrated that the plant L. alba specially chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions might be a good source for antioxidative lead. Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 26(1): 7-14, 2023 (January)
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Espinosa, Amado. "IMIA LAC." Yearbook of Medical Informatics 27, no. 01 (April 22, 2018): 283–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1641206.

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Trzeciak, Stephen. "Lac-time?*." Critical Care Medicine 32, no. 8 (August 2004): 1785–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ccm.0000134837.18530.14.

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Keller, Georg v. "Lac caninum." Zeitschrift für Klassische Homöopathie 22, no. 05 (April 2, 2007): 198–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-937876.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "LAC"

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Ramirez-Sanchez, Hermes Ulises. "Caractérisation hydrologique et sédimentologique d'un lac tropical : le lac Chapala (Mexique)." Nice, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NICE5648.

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Le Lac Chapala est le lac le plus important du Mexique. Le fond du lac est peu accidenté; la profondeur moyenne varie entre 4 et 7,7m. Son bassin hydrographique est situé dans un vaste graben d’orientation E-W, associé à l’axe neovolcanique transmexicain. D’après l’étude de 35 paramètres physico-chimiques de l’eau du lac pendant les années 90, le principal facteur de la variation à court terme est l’alternance des saisons, sèches et pluvieuses. L’évolution la plus importante à long terme est due à la sur-utilisation de l’eau du Rio Lerma. L’analyse comparative des 3 cartes bathymétriques suggère que le taux d’accumulation de sédiments a été plus élevé entre 1981 et 1997 que dans la période 1929-1981. Les analyses sédimentologiques montrent que la fraction granulométrique dominante est les limons, suivie par les argiles et très peu de sables. Minéralogiquement la composition est caractérisée par des smectites, quartz, feldspaths, calcite et hématite. Une plus forte concentration en Ni, Pb, As et Cu dans les premiers 25cm de la carotte suggère une influence anthropique, résultat du développement industriel. Les analyses de diatomées et de phytolithes ont mis en évidence la dissolution de la silice biogénique et les analyses magnétiques la présence de titanomagnétite d’origine volcanique. Les isotopes de Cs, Pb et Pu a permis d’estimer les taux de sédimentation (SR) entre 1 et 7 mm/a (0,03-0,55 g/cm2/a). La partie orientale et surtout les zones deltaïques des rivières Lerma et La Pasion montrent des valeurs plus élevées. Les (SR) et la susceptibilité magnétique ont permis de repérer la chronologie d’événements volcaniques du Volcan Colima. Finalement la distribution des (SR), le cadre géologique et la morphologie du fond du lac indiquent que probablement le bassin Chapala correspond à une aire de rift dans son étape finale d'évolution. Une subsidence régionale relative influence les (SR), qui sont plus élevés sur un axe apparemment parallèle à la direction du rift
The lake Chapala is the most important lake of Mexico. The bottom is however poorly bumped ; the average depth oscillates of 4 in 7,7m. The catchment area is located in a vast graben of the orientation E-W, related to the volcanic transmexicain axis (MVB). After the study of 35 physico-chemical parameters of the lake water during the 90’s, the main factor of the short-term variation is the alternance seasons, dry and rainy. The most significant parameter in the evolution in the long-term is due to the overuse of Rio Lerma water. The comparative analyses of the 3 bathymetric maps suggests that the average rate accumulation of sediments was higher between 1981-1997 that during the time of 1929-1981. The sedimentological analyses show the dominant fraction is consisted by the silts, followed by the clayey fraction and very few sands. Mineralogically the composition is characterized by smectites, quarts, feldspars, calcite and hematite. Stronger concentration in Ni, pB, As and Cu is observed in the first 25 cm of the cores ; this suggests an anthropic influence, related to the industrial development. The analyses of diatoms and phytolithes allow highlighting the biogenic dissolution of silica and the magnetic analyses the presences of titanomagnetite of volcanic origin. The radiochemistry of the Cs, Pb and Pu isotopes allow to estimate rates of sedimentation (SR) vary between 1 and 7 mm/a. The Eastern part and especially the deltaic zones of the rivers Lerma and Pasion show higher values. The (SR) and the magnetic susceptibility allow locating the chronology of the volcanic events of the Volcano Colima. Finally the distribution of the (SR), the geological framework, and the flat morphology of the bottom of the lake indicate that probably the Chappala basin corresponds to area of rift in its final stage of evolution. A relative regional subsidence influences the (SR), higher on an axis apparently parallel with the rift direction
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Tran, khac Viet. "Le rôle des facteurs environnementaux sur la concentration des métaux-tracesdans les lacs urbains -Lac de Pampulha, Lac de Créteil et 49 lacs péri-urbains d’Ile de France." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1160/document.

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Les lacs jouent un rôle particulier dans le cycle de l’eau dans les bassins versants urbains. La stratification thermique et le temps de séjour de l’eau élevé favorisent le développement phytoplanctonique. La plupart des métaux sont naturellement présents dans l’environnement à l’état de traces. Ils sont essentiels pour les organismes vivants. Néanmoins, certains métaux sont connus pour leurs effets toxiques sur les animaux et les humains. La concentration totale des métaux ne reflète pas leur toxicité. Elle dépend de leurs propriétés et de leur spéciation (fractions particulaires, dissoutes: labiles ou biodisponibles et inertes). Dans les systèmes aquatiques, les métaux peuvent être absorbés par des ligands organiques ou minéraux. Leur capacité à se complexer avec la matière organique dissoute (MOD), particulièrement les substances humiques, a été largement étudiée. Dans les lacs, le développement phytoplanctonique peut produire de la MOD non-humique, connue pour sa capacité complexante des métaux. Pourtant, peu de recherche sur la spéciation des métaux dans la colonne d’eau des lacs urbains a été réalisée jusqu’à présent.Les objectifs principaux de cette thèse sont (1) d’obtenir une base de données fiables des concentrations en métaux traces dans la colonne d’eau de lacs urbains représentatifs; (2) d’évaluer leur biodisponibilité via une technique de spéciation adéquate ; (3) d’analyser leur évolution saisonnière et spatiale et leur spéciation; (4) d’étudier l’impact des variables environnementales, en particulier de la MOD autochtone sur leur biodisponibilité; (5) de lier la concentration des métaux au mode d’occupation du sol du bassin versant.Notre méthodologie est basée sur un suivi in-situ des lacs en complément d’analyses spécifiques en laboratoire. L’étude a été conduite sur trois sites: le lac de Créteil (France), le lac de Pampulha (Brésil) et 49 lacs péri-urbains (Ile de France). Sur le lac de Créteil, plusieurs dispositifs de mesure en continu nous ont fourni une partie de la base de données limnologiques. Dans le bassin versant du lac de Pampulha, la pression anthropique est très importante. Le climat et le régime hydrologique des 2 lacs sont très différents. Les 49 lacs de la région d’Ile de France ont été échantillonnés une fois pendant trois étés successifs (2011-2013). Ces lacs nous ont fourni une base de données synoptique, représentative de la contamination métallique à l’échelle d’une région fortement anthropisée.Afin d’expliquer le rôle des variables environnementales sur la concentration métallique, le modèle Random Forest a été appliqué sur les bases de données du lac de Pampulha et des 49 lacs urbains avec 2 objectifs spécifiques: (1) dans le lac de Pampulha, comprendre le rôle des variables environnementales sur la fraction labile des métaux traces, potentiellement biodisponible et (2) dans les 49 lacs, comprendre la relation des variables environnementales, particulièrement au niveau du bassin versant, sur la concentration dissoute des métaux. L’analyse des relations entre métaux et variables environnementales constitue l’un des principaux résultats de cette thèse. Dans le lac de Pampulha, environ 80% de la variance du cobalt labile est expliqué par des variables limnologiques: Chla, O2, pH et P total. Pour les autres métaux, le modèle n’a pas réussi à expliquer plus de 50 % de la relation entre fraction labile et variables limnologiques. Dans les 49 lacs, le modèle Random Forest a donné un bon résultat pour le cobalt (60% de la variance expliquée) et un très bon résultat pour le nickel (86% de la variance expliquée). Pour Ni les variables explicatives sont liées au mode d’occupation du sol : « Activités » (Equipements pour l’eau et l’assainissement, entrepôts logistiques, bureaux…) et « Décharge ». Ce résultat est en accord avec le cas du lac de Créteil où la concentration en Ni dissous est très élevée et où les catégories d’occupation du sol « Activités » et « Décharges » sont dominantes
Lakes have a particular influence on the water cycle in urban catchments. Thermal stratification and a longer water residence time in the lake boost the phytoplankton production. Most metals are naturally found in the environment in trace amounts. Trace metals are essential to growth and reproduction of organisms. However, some are also well known for their toxic effects on animals and humans. Total metal concentrations do not reflect their ecotoxicity that depends on their properties and speciation (particulate, dissolved: labile or bioavailable and inert fractions). Trace metals can be adsorbed to various components in aquatic systems including inorganic and organic ligands. The ability of metal binding to dissolved organic matter (DOM), in particular humic substances, has been largely studied. In urban lakes, the phytoplankton development can produce autochthonous DOM, non humic substances that can have the ability of metal binding.. But there are few studies about trace metal speciation in lake water column.The main objectives of this thesis are (1) to obtain a consistent database of trace metal concentrations in the water column of representative urban lakes; (2) to access their bioavailability through an adapted speciation technique; (3) to analyze the seasonal and spatial evolution of the metals and their speciation; (4) to study the potential impact of environmental variables, particularly of dissolved organic matter related to phytoplankton production on metal bioavailability and (5) to link the metal concentrations to the land use in the lake watershed.Our methodology is based on a dense field survey of the water bodies in addition to specific laboratory analysis. The research has been conducted on three study sites: Lake Créteil (France), Lake Pampulha (Brazil) and a panel of 49 peri-urban lakes (Ile de France). Lake Créteil is an urban lake impacted by anthropogenic pollution. It benefits of a large number of monitoring equipment, which allowed us to collect a part of the data set. In Lake Pampulha catchment, the anthropogenic pressure is high. Lake Pampulha has to face with many pollution point and non-point sources. The climate and limnological characteristics of the lakes are also very different. The panel of 49 lakes of Ile de France was sampled once during three successive summers (2011-2013); they provided us with a synoptic, representative data set of the regional metal contamination in a densely anthropized region.In order to explain the role of the environmental variables on the metal concentrations, we applied the Random Forest model on the Lake Pampulha dataset and on the 49 urban lake dataset with 2 specific objectives: (1) in Lake Pampulha, understanding the role of environmental variables on the trace metal labile concentration, considered as potentially bioavailable and (2) in the 49 lakes, understanding the relationship of the environmental variables, more particularly the watershed variables, on the dissolved metal concentrations. The analysis of the relationships between the trace metal speciation and the environmental variables provided the following key results of this thesis.In Lake Pampulha, around 80% of the variance of the labile cobalt is explained by some limnological variables: Chl a, O2, pH, and total phosphorus. For the other metals, the RF model did not succeed in explaining more than 50% of the relationships between the metals and the limnological variables.In the 49 urban lakes in Ile de France, the RF model gave a good result for Co (66% of explained variance) and very satisfying for Ni (86% of explained variance). For Ni, the best explanatory variables are landuse variables such as “activities” (facilities for water, sanitation and energy, logistical warehouses, shops, office…) and “landfill”. This result fits with Lake Creteil where dissolved Ni concentration is particularly high and where the “activities” and “landfill” landuse categories are the highest
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Tassin, Bruno. "Contribution à la modélisation écologique du lac Léman : modèles physiques et biogéochimiques du lac." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1986. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00523061.

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Après avoir rapidement rappelé les objectifs de la modélisation du système lémanique, et étudié ses propriétés principales, le choix de la modélisation s'est porté sur la réalisation d'un modèle unidimensionnel vertical thermique couplé à un modèle biogéochimique du cycle du phosphore, et d'un modèle bidimensionnel vertical longitudinal, hydrodynamique et thermique. Le modèle unidimensionnel vertical permet de décrire un comportement moyen du lac. Il a été calibré sur une année et vérifié sur les trois années suivantes. Il a été nécessaire afin d'obtenir un bon ajustement pluriannuel d'étudier en détail la formulation du coefficient de dispersion verticale. Les résultats rendent alors bien compte de l'évolution saisonnière en surface et de l'augmentation lente de la température des couches profondes (0,2°C sur 4 ans). Sur la base de ce modèle, une étude approfondie de l'évolution de la couche mélangée en hiver a été effectuée qui a permis de déboucher sur un premier modèle prédictif stochastique de la hauteur de la couche mélangée annuelle en fonction du profil thermique au début de l'hiver. Le modèle bidimensionnel élaboré sous différentes versions dépendant d'hypothèses influant sur la durée d'exécution, permet de prendre en compte l'hétérogénéité horizontale du lac. Les résultats en température montrent la plus faible inertie du petit lac, qui se traduit par des températures hivernales plus froides et des variations de température plus importantes en été. Sur le plan hydrodynamique, le modèle permet d'évaluer l'ordre de grandeur des flux d'eau au cours de l'année à divers points du lac, point important dans l'objectif d'un établissement d'un modèle écologique par boites. Un modèle biogéochimique du cycle du phosphore a été couplé au modèle unidimensionnel thermique. Comprenant deux compartiments, le phosphore minéral dissous, et le phosphore organique particulaire, ce modèle reprend les principales étapes du cycle : Production, Décomposition, Sédimentation et Relargage. Les résultats obtenus sont dans l'ensemble en bon accord avec les mesures, sur les quatre années de la simulation. Des simulations, prenant en compte les apports de différentes manières ont montré la faible sensibilité, sur un an. du modèle à ce terme. En particulier, considérer l'ensemble des apports en phosphore total comme directement assimilable par le milieu, n'influe pas sensiblement sur les résultats. On met ainsi en valeur la grande inertie du lac vis à vis des nutriments.
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Bégin, Paschale Noël. "Limnologie d'un lac sentinelle dans le Haut-Arctique canadien : le lac Ward Hunt, Nunavut." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/67774.

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Les régions arctiques sont soumises à une augmentation des températures atmosphériques de deux à trois fois plus rapide que celle de la moyenne planétaire, occasionnant une contraction rapide de la cryosphère, y compris une diminution de l’épaisseur, de l’étendue et de la durée du couvert de glace lacustre. Bien que plusieurs effets de la dégradation du couvert de glace soient documentés, peu d’observations ont été recueillies sur les lacs polaires couverts de glace pérenne. Le lac Ward Hunt, le lac le plus nordique du Canada, était jusqu’à récemment caractérisé par un couvert de glace qui a persisté au moins depuis 1953. Ce dernier s’est récemment rapidement dégradé faisant du lac Ward Hunt un lac sentinelle du réchauffement climatique dans l’Arctique. L’objectif de cette thèse était de définir la structure et le fonctionnement de ce lac comme modèle permettant de mieux comprendre la nature et les implications des changements subis par les lacs polaires ainsi que d’évaluer une série de questions et d’hypothèses concernant leurs gradients horizontaux et verticaux affectés par ces changements. Une approche spatio-temporelle a permis d’évaluer l’influence du couvert de glace sur la structure physicochimique et biologique du lac Ward Hunt. Des enregistrements à haute fréquence s’échelonnant sur 2 ans ont été obtenus à l’aide d’un mouillage installé dans la section profonde du lac Ward Hunt. Ces informations ont permis de comparer la dynamique saisonnière de température de l’eau, de fluorescence de la chlorophylle a et d’oxygène dissous entre une année où le couvert de glace a complètement fondu (2016) et une année où il a persisté (2017). La disparition du couvert de glace a provoqué un mélange, occasionnant une perte de chaleur, la température chutant de 6,5°C au fond à moins de 1°C sur toute la colonne d’eau. Le mélange a équilibré la concentration d’oxygène dissous dans l’eau (140% de saturation sous la glace) avec celle de l’air. En absence de glace, le mélange a diminué le rayonnement incident dans la colonne d’eau en remettant en suspension des sédiments et en favorisant une plus grande production de chlorophylle a telle que révélée par la fluorescence. La disparition du couvert de glace pourrait avoir stimulé la production primaire avec un maximum de fluorescence plus élevé et précoce en 2016. L’échantillonnage le long d’un transect reliant le littoral et le large a révélé deux patrons de variation des variables limnologiques physiques et biologiques, qui impliquaient un changement abrupt en marge du couvert de glace qui agissait comme démarcation entre la zone littorale et le large. Les résultats mettent en évidence le rôle écologique de l’étroite bande d’eau libre qui se forme autour du couvert de glace des lacs polaires en été (moat). Une analyse de la composition en acide gras des composantes du réseau alimentaire a permis d’identifier la source principale de nourriture pour le zooplancton des zones pélagique et littorale comme étant, respectivement, le seston et les communautés liées aux mousses. L’analyse de la structure verticale de la colonne d’eau en été a révélé que le couvert de glace, limitant les échanges directs avec l’atmosphère, favorise une stratification thermique inverse de la colonne d’eau et permet l’accumulation de chaleur malgré qu’il bloque de 40 à 60% de la lumière incidente. La radiation incidente qui atteint le fond du lac a tout de même permis la prolifération d’une luxuriante communauté benthique dont les stocks de pigments photosynthétiques étaient 10 à 100 fois supérieurs à ceux de la colonne d’eau. La stabilité de la colonne d’eau permet aussi une sursaturation d’oxygène pouvant atteindre 180% de l’équilibre atmosphérique et une accumulation de dioxyde de carbone, d’oxyde nitreux et de méthane. L’analyse optique de la colonne d’eau indique la présence de matière organique colorée qui a influencé le régime spectral de l’éclairement sous l’eau. Cette thèse apporte une vision intégrée de la structure des lacs couverts de glace pérenne au moment où ils amorcent une transition vers un couvert de glace saisonnier. Elle souligne l’importance du couvert de glace sur les variables limnologiques de la colonne d’eau en contrôlant l’éclairement disponible pour la photosynthèse et en limitant les échanges avec l’atmosphère induits par le vent, favorisant la stabilité de la colonne d’eau et l’établissement de forts gradients écologiques entre le littoral et le large.
Arctic regions are experiencing increases in atmospheric temperature at rates that are two to three times faster than the global mean. A rapid contraction of the cryosphere has resulted from this warming, with a decrease in lake ice cover thickness, area and duration. Several effects of degradation of the ice cover on lakes have been documented, but there is a lack of information concerning polar lakes covered by multi-year ice. Ward Hunt Lake, Canada’s northernmost lake, was until recently characterized by a perennial ice cover that remained in place from at least 1953 onwards. This ice cover degraded rapidly in the past few years, making Ward Hunt Lake a far northern sentinel of Arctic climate change. The main objective of this thesis was to define the structure and function of this lake as a model to better understand the nature and implications of changes that polar lakes are undergoing now and in the future, and to address a series of questions and hypotheses about their horizontal and vertical gradients in the face of these changes. The influence of the ice cover on the physicochemical and biological structure of Ward Hunt Lake was evaluated with a spatiotemporal approach. A 2-year, high-frequency record was obtained with a mooring installed in the deepest point of Ward Hunt Lake. This allowed comparison of the seasonal dynamics of water temperature, chlorophyll fluorescence and dissolved oxygen concentrations between a year where the ice cover completely disappeared (2016) and a year where it remained (2017). The seasonal disappearance of the ice cover resulted in the loss of heat in the water column due to mixing throughout the water column. Water temperatures, which reached 6.5°C at the bottom before mixing, dropped to 1°C in the whole water column. Complete mixing also caused dissolved oxygen concentration in the water column to reach equilibrium with the atmosphere whereas it rose to 140% saturation under the ice cover. During open water conditions, incident radiation declined in the water column due to sediment resuspension and increased chlorophyll a fluorescence. The loss of ice cover may have stimulated primary productivity, with a higher and earlier chlorophyll a fluorescence peak in 2016 than in 2017. Sampling along an inshore-offshore gradient revealed two patterns of physical and biological variation. Both patterns included an abrupt shift at the ice cover margin, which acts as a demarcation between the littoral and offshore zones. The results underscored the ecological role of the narrow ice-free water area (moat) that forms around the ice cover of polar lakes each summer. Principal food sources for zooplankton were identified through the analysis of fatty acid composition of the different components of the food web. The pelagic zooplankton diet was mainly composed of seston whereas communities associated with mosses dominated their diet in the littoral zone. High populations of chironomids in the genus Metriocnemus occurred in the benthos. Analysis of the vertical structure of the Ward Hunt Lake water column in summer showed that the ice cover, by limiting direct exchange with the atmosphere, allowed the onset of inverse thermal stratification and the accumulation of heat despite blocking 40 to 60% of incident radiation by reflection and attenuation. Incident radiation reaching the lake floor allowed the development of a rich benthic community, with photosynthetic pigment stocks that were one to two orders of magnitude above those in the overlying water column. The stability of the water column also limited gas diffusion, resulting in oxygen supersaturation up to 180% of air equilibrium and the accumulation of carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide and methane. Optical analysis of the water column indicated the presence of weakly colored dissolved organic matter that influenced the underwater spectral radiation regime. This study provides an integrated view of perennially ice-covered lakes at a turning point as they undergo transition towards a seasonal ice-cover regime. It highlights the importance of ice cover as a driver of limnological variables in the water column by controlling the availability of solar radiation for photosynthesis, and by limiting wind-induced exchanges with the atmosphere, thereby favoring water column stability and strong inshore-offshore gradients in many ecosystem features.
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Abraham, Roberto G. "Imaging of BL Lac objects." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1991. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:8af2b188-06a4-4412-bd2a-6ee27b0bf781.

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The investigation of the host galaxies of BL Lac objects (BL Lacs) is a promising new field made practical in recent years by advances in detector technology and improved telescope siting. By better understanding the nature of these host galaxies we can test the standard beaming and lensing models for BL Lacs. This thesis describes the techniques that we have developed for studying the host galaxies of BL Lac objects, and presents the results of a survey of BL Lac host galaxies that we have undertaken with the 4.2m William Herschel Telescope. This survey successfully resolved many new host galaxies, determined the morphology of three BL Lac host galaxies for the first time, and confirmed the morphology of an additional three objects. One BL Lac object, PKS1413+135, displayed a number of surprising properties, and was consequently studied in greater detail at multiple wavelengths. These observations are also presented in this thesis. We conclude with a description of Monte-Carlo simulations that we have undertaken in order to better determine the uncertainty in the results from our survey, and to assess the promise of future telescope/instrumentation combinations for host galaxy imaging.
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Busquet, Thierry. "Lac caninum dans les hyperprolactinémies." Bordeaux 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BOR25083.

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Maleval, Véronique. "Le Lac de Saint-Pardoux et l'évolution morphologique des lacs de barrage artificiel." Limoges, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LIMO2007.

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L'inondation d'un modelé alvéolaire granitique du Haut-Limousin a formé une retenue d'eau aux contours tortueux : le lac de Saint-Pardoux composé de cinq bassins digités séparés par des détroits. Les dimensions moyenne de ce lac (324,21 ha, volume de 21,97 mm3, 16,70 m de profondeur maximale) en font un laboratoire naturel, un modèle pour des expérimentations de géographie limnologique. Un protocole de mesures, fondé sur des observations, des mesures et des prélèvements ponctuels mais aussi sur l'utilisation de matériels divers tels les séditomentomètres, donne de solides données sur l'évolution morphologique du lac, autant en termes de quantification qu'en terme de bilan. Les études sur l'érosion amènent à dire que 61,3% du littoral reculent à une vitesse moyenne comprise entre 0,2 et 27 cm par an. La période d'érosion la plus active se situe dans les dix premières années de vie du lac. Le volume de sédiments érodés a été estimé à 4270 m3, soit 0,019 % du volume d'eau. Au sein de la cuvette lacustre, l'étude de la sédimentation a montré qu'il existe un gradient de sédimentation, amont-aval décroissant. Il résulte de différents paramètres qui sont le fonctionnement hydrodynamique, la superficie et la morphologie du lac. Les sédiments composés de débris phytoplanctoniques représentent l'essentiel du volume des dépôts. La vitesse moyenne de sédimentation du lac est de 2,9 mm. An, ce qui classe Saint-Pardoux dans la norme mondiale des lacs oligotrophes. Depuis la création du lac (1976), le volume de sédiments a été évalué à 357000 m3, soit 1,62 % du volume d'eau. Dans des conditions environnementales semblables, ce lac peut vivre encore 1573 ans. Cette étude a permis d'établir le premier véritable bilan sédimentaire qui conclut, en quantité, à la supériorité des apports autochtones (72,4 %) face aux apports allochtones. Le Lac producteur de sédiments, existe en tant que tel et ne doit plus être considéré comme un élément pertubarteur d'un réseau hydrographique.
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Touchard, Laurent. "Le Baï͏̈kal et le Leman : géographie et histoire de la géographie de deux lacs." Paris 4, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA040126.

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Le but de cette these est de definir la personnalite geographique de deux lacs, un grand lac siberien d'importance mondiale, le baikal, et un lac moyen du piemont nord des alpes, le leman, aboutissant a un decoupage regional de ceux-ci , fonde sur cette identite geographique. Pour ce faire, on etudie d'abord l'histoire des recherches limnologiques sur le s deux lacs, en essayant d'y determiner la place de la geographie. Puis on utilise les atouts de la geographie, la carto graphie, la globalite, les changements d'echelle. Une quarantaine de cartes analytiques des deux lacs sont l'etape preli minaire a la construction d'une carte synthetique resumant la problematique de chaque lac. Les processus a l'oeuvre dans les deux lacs sont ensuite etudies aux echelles de la planete (role de la longitude sur le brassage des deux lacs, de la tectonique des plaques sur l'origine de la cuvette, des glaciations sur le modele, de l'evolution biogegraphique vers l'endemisme ou non, du developpement des techniques humaines), du basin-versant (regime hydrologique, comblement sedimen taire, pollution, eutrophisation) et de la region (decoupage du baikal en cinq regions, du leman en trois regions)
The aim of the thesis is to define the geographical personality of two lakes, a siberian lake of planetary importance, l ake baikal, and a lake of medium size of the piedmont of the alps, the lake of geneva, in order to effect a regionalizat ion of the two lakes, which is built on their geographical identity. The first part is the study of the limnological research about the twolakes, to determine the importance of the geography. Then, assets of the geography, cartography, globality, studies at different scales are used. Some forty analytic maps describe the lacustrine basins, waters and organisms, and, in a second time, two synthetic maps define the problematics of the lakes. Finally, the pkanetary-scale study of lake baikal and the lake of geneva includes the influence of the longitude, the plate tectonics, the biological evolution and endemism, the development of the human technologies, the drainage basin-scale study includes hydrological balances, sedimentary filling up, pollution and eutrophication, and the regional-scale study confirms the definition of the geographical personality of the lake
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Patterson, Kathryn Grace. "Gene regulation in the lac operon." Thesis, Montana State University, 2009. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2009/patterson/PattersonK0809.pdf.

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The lac operon, a jointly controlled series of genes in the bacteria E. coli, has been studied extensively since the 1940's. The lac operon genes are transcribed and then translated into proteins necessary for transport and digestion of lactose. The operon is activated in the presence of lactose after glucose, the preferred carbon source, has been expended. In this thesis, we introduce a biophysical model using the Shea-Ackers framework for modeling promoter dynamics. The model spans two scales: the inputs are biophysical parameters of molecular interactions and the result is a level of gene expression - a macroscopic behavior of the cell. We include all experimentally suggested control mechanisms into the model, even though the experimental evidence is stronger for some of these mechanisms than others. We compare our model to experimental data and explore the individual contribution of the proposed mechanisms by removing them one by one and testing the reduced model's fit to the data. Finally, we find a minimal model which faithfully represents the available data, yet includes only the minimal number of control mechanisms.
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Lindner, Thomas 1978. "STACEE observations of BL Lac objects." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=102998.

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STACEE is an atmospheric Cherenkov telescope that was built to detect gamma-rays of cosmic origin. By using a large primary mirror area we have reduced the detector's energy threshold to below 200 GeV. The present work continues STACEE's investigation of BL Lac objects, focusing on Markarian 421, 3C 66A and OJ 287. An important part of this work has been the development of software techniques for the correction of systematic biases and the improvement of background rejection. As a result of these improvements, STACEE made a convincing detection of Markarian 421 during the 2002-2004 seasons. The statistical excess was 3.9sigma for the 2002-2003 season and 10.9sigma for the 2003-2004 season; the latter represents the strongest single season detection ever achieved by STACEE. We compare our measured Mrk 421 rates to those of other instruments and present spectral measurements during various flaring states in 2003-2004. The LBLs 3C 66A and OJ 287 were not detected. We discuss the significance of our flux upper limits in the context of emission models for these two sources.
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Books on the topic "LAC"

1

Stilton, Gerónimo. Le monstre du lac Lac. Paris: A. Michel jeunesse, 2013.

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Netherlands. Landbouwadviescommissie Milieukritische Stoffen. Werkgroep Verontreinigde Gronden., ed. LAC-signaalwaarden. 's-Gravenhage: Ministerie van Landbouw, Natuurbeheer en Visserij, 1991.

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Hébert, François. Lac noir. [Montréal]: Éditions du Beffroi, 1990.

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Hébert, François. Lac noir. Montréal, Que: Éditions du Beffroi, 1990.

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Pierre, Préau, ed. Lac d'Annecy. Montmélian: La Fontaine de Siloé, 2004.

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Grégoire, Jean-Guy. Lac-Frontière, 1919-1999: Lac-des-Anglais. [Panet, Québec: Copie de la Capitale, 1999.

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Lac, Enrique Blanco. Enrique Blanco Lac. Logroño: Iber-Caja, 1992.

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Maraschi, L., T. Maccacaro, and M. H. Ulrich, eds. BL Lac Objects. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bfb0031137.

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Brookner, Anita. Hotel du Lac. München: DTV, 1991.

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Goodman, Carol. L'appel du lac. Paris: L'Archipel, 2006.

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Book chapters on the topic "LAC"

1

Bährle-Rapp, Marina. "Lac." In Springer Lexikon Kosmetik und Körperpflege, 308. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71095-0_5741.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Lac." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 417. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_6728.

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Miller, Laura T., Lionel Stange, Charles MacVean, Jorge R. Rey, J. H. Frank, R. F. Mizell, John B. Heppner, et al. "Lac Scales." In Encyclopedia of Entomology, 2119. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6359-6_1941.

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Bährle-Rapp, Marina. "Caprae lac." In Springer Lexikon Kosmetik und Körperpflege, 88. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71095-0_1610.

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Mishra, Y. D., and P. Kumar. "Lac Culture." In Industrial Entomology, 109–55. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3304-9_5.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Button Lac." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 101. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_1723.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Chinese Lac." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 139. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_2286.

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Bährle-Rapp, Marina. "Lac Powder." In Springer Lexikon Kosmetik und Körperpflege, 308. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71095-0_5745.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Lac Dye." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 417. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_6732.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Lac Wax." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 417. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_6736.

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Conference papers on the topic "LAC"

1

Bondi, Marco. "BL Lac objects." In 8th European VLBI Network Symposium. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.036.0025.

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Duong, Thai, Duong Nguyen-Huu, and Thinh Nguyen. "Location Assisted Coding (LAC)." In MSWiM'15: 18th ACM International Conference on Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Wireless and Mobile Systems. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2815317.2815335.

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WOLTER, A., F. CAVALLOTTI, J. T. STOCKE, and T. RECTOR. "BL LAC EVOLUTION REVISITED." In Proceedings of the Guillermo Haro Conference 2003. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812702432_0086.

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"Local Arrangements Committee (LAC)." In Proceedings of PICMET 2006-Technology Management for the Global Future. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/picmet.2006.296836.

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Gupta, Vaibhav, Tianmu Li, and Puneet Gupta. "LAC: Learned Approximate Computing." In 2022 Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/date54114.2022.9774521.

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Velazco, Sarai, Delina Kambo, Kevin Yu, Anushka Saha, Emily Beckman, Nishant Mysore, and Gert Cauwenberghs. "Modeling Gene Expression: Lac operon." In 2021 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/embc46164.2021.9630940.

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"Picmet '06 Local Arrangements Committee (LAC)." In Proceedings of PICMET 2006-Technology Management for the Global Future. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/picmet.2006.296539.

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Pereira, Jose A. "A biochemistry-inspired artificial chemistry: LAC." In 2005 Purtuguese Conference on Artificial Intelligence. IEEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/epia.2005.341269.

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Costamante, L. "New extreme synchrotron BL Lac objects." In X-RAY ASTRONOMY: Stellar Endpoints,AGN, and the Diffuse X-ray Background. AIP, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1434692.

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HABES, Sameh, Larbi DJABRI, and Yacine DJABRI. "Qualités des eaux d'un lac dans une région côtière de l'est algérien : cas du lac Fetzara." In Conférence Méditerranéenne Côtière et Maritime - Coastal and Maritime Mediterranean Conference. Editions Paralia, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5150/cmcm.2011.069.

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Reports on the topic "LAC"

1

B., Ekhassa, and Oyo P. Le Paysage du Lac Télé - Lac Tumba: Lac Télé – Lac Tumba Landscape. Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.17528/cifor/003928.

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St-Onge, M. R., and S. B. Lucas. Geology, Lac Samandré-Lac Charlery, Québec. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/128015.

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Mayrand, R. Lac U.S.A. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/298333.

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B., Ekhassa, and Oyo P. Lac Télé - Lac Tumba Landscape. Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.17528/cifor/003929.

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Thomas, A., N. G. Culshaw, and K. L. Currie. Geology of the Lac Ghyvelde - Lac Long area, Labrador and Quebec. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/194011.

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St-Onge, M. R., and S. B. Lucas. Geology, Lac Watts, Québec. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/127673.

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St-Onge, M. R., and S. B. Lucas. Geology, Lac Lecorré, Québec. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/127675.

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St-Onge, M. R., and S. B. Lucas. Geology, Lac Fleury, Québec. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/128006.

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St-Onge, M. R., and S. B. Lucas. Geology, Lac Rinfret, Québec. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/128007.

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St-Onge, M. R., and S. B. Lucas. Geology, Lac Wakeham, Québec. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/128008.

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