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1
Taylor, Calvin Francis. "The role of the value-form in the labour theory of value." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1991. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/3503/.
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It is repeatedly claimed that the labour theory of value is fatally flawed. Whether as a result of this claim, or as is more likely a change in the intellectual atmosphere, there has in recent years been little debate of the merits and weaknesses of the labour theory of value. The principal objective of this thesis is to re-examine a number of the flaws more widely debated in an earlier period and to show that the claim that the labour theory of value is flawed is false. The thesis claims that the work of Marx represents thus far the single most important contribution to the development of the labour theory of value. This contribution is contrasted with that of the Classical political economists, most notably Adam Smith and David Ricardo. An examination is made of the works of Smith and Ricardo which demonstrates that the flaws within their labour theory of value are attributable to the shortcomings of their wider theoretical endeavours. In particular, they fail to identify the nature of value-creating labour; examine the role of the value-form and explain cogently the quantitative determination of value. Marx's work is then examined with each of these points as a pivot of reference. The thesis concludes by drawing the three strands of analysis together to demonstrate that, against a history of criticism, Marx's theory presents a structured coherent whole, largely immune to the criticisms made of it, both from without and within the Marxist tradition of political economy.
2
Kobashigawa, Ben. "The political economy of consumption : labour, labour-power and consumption in the Marxist theory of value." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/19022.
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3
Ashour, A. S. A. H. "Profit sharing, human resource value, profitability and growth." Thesis, University of Dundee, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.235338.
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4
Montemayor, Eduardo Rodriguez. "Ageing, labour and the real value of old-age income." Thesis, University of York, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.534921.
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5
Partridge, Tristan Henry. "Action and value : community, livelihoods and indigenous struggle in Highland Ecuador." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/10562.
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This thesis is an ethnographic study of collaborative action and notions of value in San Isidro, an indigenous community of c.90 families in Ecuador’s central highlands. Drawing on Arendt’s theory of action as a mode of human togetherness, it focuses on forms of activity that are both affective (appealing to particular values, principles and practices) and productive (engaging in struggles to reorder social and economic relations). These include communal gatherings, shared work-parties, assemblies, meetings, campaigns and celebrations. Developing work by Lambek and Graeber, the thesis explores how such actions are used to generate different kinds of ethical and material value, the criteria people use to evaluate competing visions of hope and possibility, and the related dynamics of division and cooperation. I argue that such a focus on action and value allows us to build on insights from existing regional literature which tends to interpret indigenous collective action as either predominantly expressive (through cultural revival) or instrumental (in terms of economic and political practice). A core theme that emerges is how localised expressions of what people hold to be vital or desirable interact with coordinated efforts to defend and secure livelihoods. In San Isidro, such efforts contend with a limited land base, ongoing conflicts rooted in histories of dispossession, and widespread patterns of migratory labour (mainly for shift-work in the Amazon-based oil industry). At the same time, many residents participate in collective work to maintain shared infrastructure, protest against land inequalities, and manage areas of the communally-held páramo hills (registering as a ‘comunidad’ as recently as 2009). Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork conducted over fifteen months, I analyse how such collaborative actions are combined with everyday forms of paid and unpaid work, memories of conflict, and a sense of duty toward future generations. Through chapters that focus on shared labour, coordinated campaigns, the legacies of land reform and accounts of labour migration, the thesis also examines how cooperation is fostered within a community that is increasingly diverse in access to resources, income and outlook, and how those involved negotiate the ruptures and tensions that intentional actions entail.
6
Zimba, Machilu. "Design houses in the Cape Town clothing value chain of production." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/8115.
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Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 79-81).
This exploratory study aimed to investigate the role that design houses play in the Cape Town clothing value chain of production. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with key informants, buyers in clothing retail companies, heads of design rooms in design houses, and homeworkers. Findings reveal that design houses act as intermediaries between retailers and clothing manufacturers or between retailers and homeworkers. In their latter role design houses are forging links between the informal and formal clothing economy. As in buyer-driven chains of production, retailers in the clothing value chain wield a substantial amount of power in determining prices. It was found that design houses are not completely powerless in their relationship with retailers, in fact, they posses knowledge that enables them to bargain over prices. The relationship between design houses and homeworkers was found to be an oppressive one, with homeworkers possessing little to no bargaining power. The increase in the number of design houses in Cape Town has assisted in the survival of the industry in the face of a number of difficulties. The continued presence of design houses creates the potential for development in the industry.
7
Rowan, Jaron. "The creative industries and the cultural commons : transformations in labour, value and production." Thesis, Goldsmiths College (University of London), 2012. http://research.gold.ac.uk/8022/.
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The following work constitutes an inquiry into the economic, social and political composition of what are commonly known as the cultural or creative industries. My aim is to provide a critique of the discursive origins, political dimensions, economic models and subjective constructions that shape the complex set of practices and discourses that comprise the creative industries. To do so, this work looks into the production of a set of schemes, policies, plans, economic models, modes of labour, regulations and discourses that have been designed in order to transform cultural practices into economic activities. I will contextualize these transformations within a general framework of what has been branded ‘cognitive capitalism’, acknowledging that this process needs to be understood with reference to the neoliberalization of the wider economy through focusing on a set of changes in the nature of labour, value and creativity. I then attempt to understand the ecosystem in which the creative industries are enmeshed. In order to do so, I will discuss the notion of the cultural commons: the pools of collective ideas and knowledge from which these enterprises capture their raw material. Not only will this give an understanding of the nature of the sources of knowledge and ideas that feed the creative industries but will also to provide a good opportunity to understand the communities, objects and relations that shape them. Finally there is a discussion on the tensions, bifurcations and alternatives that escape the hegemonic economic models promoted by policy. This will open up possibilities in which to think of forms of self-organization and commons-based cultural enterprises that might provide new spaces in which the economy and culture can meet.
8
Naji, Myriem Natacha. "Weaving and the value of carpets : female invisible labour and male marketing in Southern Morocco." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2008. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1444467/.
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Whilst there have been important publications on material culture studies in recent years, this literature tends to accept the prior experience of objects as given material facts. This thesis aims at providing a contribution to the conception of materiality through an ethnography of production grounded in long-term fieldwork. The research took place in the Sirwa Mountain, to the South East of Marrakech, Morocco, where the best selling carpets in Morocco are exclusively produced by women, and marketed by men. This thesis develops an ethnography of weaving framed within the francophone anthropology of techniques (Technologic culturelle). Particularly, I use the emphasis of the Matiere a Penser group on the role of the moving body mediated by material culture to examine how particular embodied relationships to specific materialities shape particular gendered subjectivities. Grounded in participant observation, I put myself voluntarily in the situation of a learner, as well as observed the motor and sensory actions of weavers. This allows me to explore how women construct their female moral self, partially through the disciplinary techniques of immobility and confinement, involved in the process of making beautiful carpets. In producing objects that are exchanged by men, weavers contribute to shaping male agency. This thesis aims at exploring the specificity of making and the social meaning of carpets for those who produce them and their communities. I thus locate the Sirwa weavers value in an aesthetic and ethic of doing, in which the physical enjoyment and the mastery of matter, is the place of both the construction of a stable and fulfilled self and the production of others.
9
Lee, Chai-on. "On the three problems of abstraction, reduction and transformation in Marx's labour theory of value." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.336608.
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GANDELMAN, MARISA. "THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF COGNITIVE CAPITALISM: DEMATERIALIZATION OF LABOUR, VALUE AND POWER IN KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2008. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=12612@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROO ponto central a partir do qual se desdobra a análise objeto da presente tese é a transformação dos processos de trabalho que acompanha as inovações tecnológicas das últimas décadas e sua força transformadora da sociedade e da economia política internacional. O que se pretende é estabelecer um nexo entre a dinâmica mutuamente transformadora do trabalho, a organização social e a tendência expansiva da economia política capitalista, agora em novo estágio ou modo de acumulação identificada nesta tese como o capitalismo cognitivo. A característica desta nova feição do modo de acumulação capitalista é a flexibilidade permitida pela participação crescente do capital fixo contra a diminuição em proporções ainda maiores da participação do trabalho vivo na distribuição de resultados da atividade produtiva. Essa característica se combina com uma disputa entre, de um lado, um processo de materialização dos bens intangíveis por meio da privatização do trabalho intelectual reificado em conhecimento e transformado em capital fixo e, de outro, uma forte tendência à desmaterialização do resultado da atividade produtiva que acompanha as inovações tecnológicas recentes. Identificamos este como o dilema central do capitalismo cognitivo. A desmaterialização a que nos referimos é representada pela falta de obstáculos à reprodução infinita de conhecimento transformado em mercadoria/dados aplicado amplamente em toda a atividade produtiva. Sendo assim, o processo de desmaterialização possibilita a oferta infinita do bem em torno do qual se desenvolve o capitalismo cognitivo, dando fim à escassez e consequentemente banalizando o valor e produzindo uma crise para o sistema conceitual usado para explicar a maneira como as sociedades organizam sua atividade produtiva visando à acumulação de riqueza. Da mesma forma, a tendência à desmaterialização se apresenta na criação de novas redes de poder social, cuja fonte de alimentação e vias de difusão são viabilizadas pelas novas tecnologias, promovendo, consequentemente uma crise para o sistema conceitual usado para explicar a produção de recursos de poder que determina a distribuição no sistema internacional de resultados da atividade produtiva e das vantagens das inovações tecnológicas.
The core problem from which the analysis object of this thesis unfolds its main claims is the transformation of the work process provoked by the technological innovation of the latest decades and its potential of changing the society and the International Political Economy. Its aim is to set a link between the mutually transforming dynamics of work, social organization and the expansive trend of the capitalist political economy, now in a new stage or mode of accumulation, here called the cognitive capitalism. The character of this new face of the capitalist mode of accumulation is the flexibility permitted by the increasing participation of fix capital against the decrease in higher proportions of the participation of labour force on the distribution of the results of the productive activity in general. This character combines itself with a dispute between, in one side, a materialization process of intangible goods through the privatization of intellectual work reified in knowledge transformed in fix capital and, in the other side, a strong tendency towards dematerialization of the productive activity following the recent technological innovation. We identify this combination as the central dilemma of cognitive capitalism. The dematerialization we refer to is represented by the absence of obstacles to the endless reproduction of knowledge transformed in commodity/data widely applied in any and all productive activity. Therefore, the dematerialization process allows the endless offer of the good around which cognitive capitalism develops, putting and end in the scarcity problem and consequently banalizing the value and producing a crises in the conceptual system used to explain the way through each societies organize its productive activities with the purpose of wealth accumulation. The dematerialization tendency presents itself also through the construction of new networks of social power, with its sources and via of diffusion created and reinforced by the new technologies, promoting, consequently, a crises in the conceptual system used to explain the production of power resources which determine the distribution in the International system of the productive activity results and technological innovation advantages.
11
Rodgers, Thomas Arthur. "Into the social factory : an investigation into labour & value in the video-games industry." Thesis, University of York, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/17634/.
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Questions regarding the relationships between new media technologies and contemporary capitalist dynamics are currently subject to considerable discussion and debate across myriad academic disciplines and schools of thought — notably (but not exhaustively) within various fields of sociological inquiry, current strains of Marxism and political economy, marketing theory and research, literature concerned with intellectual property and legal rights, and a whole host of other lines of investigation into the nature of production/consumption, labour/leisure, work/play, and their apparent commingling within a world predominated by the presence of new media. This thesis contributes to this debate in several ways. Firstly, it seeks to establish a set of theoretical trajectories, and gives consideration to the ‘post- industrial’ and ‘information society’ literature. This consideration reveals a noticeable marginalisation of the question of capitalism in the extant literature and research. As such, a turn to Autonomous Marxism and the ‘social factory’ thesis is suggested as a much-needed starting point for investigating the interrelations between new media technologies and (post- Fordist) capitalism. The thesis then raises points of critique to rethink the need for both (a) a conceptual understanding of the relations between capitalist dynamics, new media, and socio- economic change, and (b) research into specific (new) media industries and their attendant modalities of production and valorisation. The investigation then returns to Marx’s formulation of the qualitative and quantitative dimensions of production, surplus value, and cooperation in order to consider how this can be mobilised as a foundational viewpoint from which to consider the sociality of production as central to the formation of economic life in general. From here, the thesis outlines the concept of ‘sympathetic cooperation’ (Terranova, 2014) and the proposed problem of the incommensurability of social production as two key framing devices for the case study on labour and value in the video games industry. Finally, these considerations are put to work through a two part case study on the video games industry that proceeds, firstly, to detail the history of its configurations of labour and value as it has developed since the 1960s; and secondly to investigate some of the prevalent directions of this new media industry’s strategies for identifying and valorising potential sources of value — for seeking out the hitherto un-valorised.
12
Wong, Aidan Marc Yew Fai. "'Waste', value and informal labour : the regional e-waste recycling production network in Malaysia and Singapore." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2014. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/9068.
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This thesis examines the regional electronic and electrical waste (e-waste) recycling network in Malaysia and Singapore, with a secondary focus on the articulations of informal labour within the network. I argue that there is a need to theorise production networks post-consumption; i.e. to focus on the activities and processes that occur after a commodity is consumed and subsequently discarded. I argue that discarded e-waste are not ‘value-less’ waste, but instead embody value (specifically latent use value), and have the potential to be re-inserted as ‘raw materials’ into production networks through the processes of recycling. Also, key to the processes of value (re)creation, enhancement and capture is the labour process. I examine informal labour by focusing on karung guni (a local term for the rag-and-bone man) – analysing their critical role in value (re)creation in this regional e-waste recycling production network through the lens of petty commodity production. I argue that karung guni are constitutive of this production network through their collection and primary processing of e-waste, which forms the basis for subsequent value creation, enhancement and capture by downstream actors. Conceptualising karung guni as petty commodity producers – who own both the means of production and their own labour power – is significant in problematising as not so straightforward the separation of capital and labour into discreet categories as normally presented in global value chains (GVC)/global production networks (GPN) approaches. This thesis makes four significant contributions to the GVC/GPN literature. First, it recognises activities beyond the point of consumption (which has been the focus of present GVC/GPN research). Second, it conceptualises the constitutive role of informal labour in the development and structure of production networks. Third, it emphasises the continued relevance of the state. Fourth, by adopting a multi-sited case study method, it contributes to debates on how to carry out GVC/GPN research.
13
Winn, Joss. "Academic labour and the capitalist university : a critique of higher education through the law of value." Thesis, University of Lincoln, 2015. http://eprints.lincoln.ac.uk/17330/.
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The work submitted for examination consists of ten items, with the key sole-authored components comprising a book chapter (Winn, 2012) and four peer-reviewed journal articles (Winn, 2013; 2014; 2015a; 2015b). Other, joint-authored work is intended to be supplementary and to provide further evidence of the two persistent themes of inquiry which my work has been concerned with over the last six years: the role and character of labour and property in higher education, or rather, ‘academic labour’ and the ‘academic commons’. Six of the ten publications discuss these themes through a critique of the role of technology in higher education, in particular the way networked technology forms the practical, ideological and legal premise for the idea and forms of ‘openness’ in higher education. Throughout my work, I treat ‘technology’ as a reified and fetishized concept which masks the more fundamental categories of labour, value and the commodity-form that are concealed in the idea and form of the ‘public university’. I start from the observation that advocates of ‘open education’ tend to envision an alternative form of higher education that is based on a novel form of academic commons but neglect to go further and critically consider the underlying form of academic labour. As such, the product is set free but not the producer. In response, through my publications I develop the theoretical basis for an alternative social and institutional form of co-operative higher education; one in which openness is constituted through a categorial critique aimed at the existing commodity-form of knowledge production.
14
Ahumada, Pablo Emiliano. "The Theoretical Relevance Of An Updated Marxian Theory Of Commodity In Economics." Master's thesis, Lincoln University. Commerce Division, 2007. http://theses.lincoln.ac.nz/public/adt-NZLIU20080319.150942/.
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How does material production become socially recognised in capitalism? This is a
fundamental question to be addressed in capitalist production, since material production takes
place privately and independently in a global and atomistic system. This thesis shows that the
question is tackled by Marx in the first three chapters of Capital. The process of social
recognition of material production is that of the realisation of work carried out privately and
independently as part of the social labour. For Marx this occurs through the private and
independent work becoming objective social labour as the substance of the value of
commodities, and through the latter finding its necessary developed mercantile expression in
the price form of commodities. Therefore, private and independent work becomes social
labour through the recognition of its product as equivalent to a certain amount of money.
The thesis argues that Marxs answer is powerfully insightful but flawed because it did not
succeed in fully characterising the historical specificity of commodity. Commodity is not
merely the differentiated unity of use value and value but of use value and mercantile use
value, and of labour value and mercantile value. The former dialectic is immediate and
distinguishes between the utility of commodity as a direct means of consumption or
production and that as a means of exchange, fully determining the behaviour of the private
and independent commodity producer. The latter dialectic is objective and distinguishes
between commodity as the embodiment of the social labour necessary to reproduce it and as the embodiment of command over social labour, enabling the adjustment of the productive
structure. Both dialectics are mediated by the mercantile form of value, which allows the
indirect expression of labour value as the gravitational force of the system. The theory of
commodity offered in this thesis, unlike that of Marx, consistently hinges on the atomistic
private and independent commodity producer.
The thesis shows that commodity production is the organisation of societys labour for its
material reproduction, just as in any previous mode of production. The discovery of the
generic aspect of commodity production breaks the false immediate link between production
and supply, and that between the labour theory of value and both the supply-side-determined
theory of price and the single-factor theory of production. The thesis also shows that the
mercantile form of value is what allows societys labour to become an objective and
autonomous materially abstract substance regulating the adjustment of the productive system
under the form of material signals. This is the specific aspect of a global mode of production
comprised of free and independent individuals. The mercantile form of value is thus Adam
Smiths invisible hand.
Finally, the thesis analyses some implications of the framework with regard to the analysis of
monetary phenomena, capital accumulation and sustainable development, and reviews the
most popular Marxian topic in Economics: the transformation of values into prices of
production.
15
Crockett, Gareth. "Global value chains and the labour process in South African textile cooperatives : workplace democracy and gender (in)equality." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2018. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/23108/.
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Worker cooperatives are widely recognised as a promising device for the facilitation of workplace democracy and the promotion of gender equality. However, cooperatives can face the challenge of being socially progressive organisations embedded within capitalist economies, making them vulnerable to influences from the market and the supply chain. Further, the recent rise of global value chains has seemingly intensified commercial and competitive pressures on worker owned firms. This study addresses these concerns by exploring the extent to which South African worker cooperatives promote workplace democracy and gender equality, examining GVCs and worker cooperatives, the impact of emerging market institutions, the implications of a fragmented and gendered labour process, and the increased disintegration of work across supply networks. Findings reveal that the worker-cooperatives had integrated into hybridised networks, comprising a social enterprise and several worker-owned organisations, in response to economic challenges previously inhibiting their access to global value chains. In terms of the labour process, the female-owned cooperatives were responsible for the lowest value aspects of production, with higher value activities retained by the social enterprise. As a result, female workers were forced to endure insecure jobs with limited social protection, while male production workers in the social enterprise experienced much better terms of employment. At the same time, the social enterprise was able to dictate decisions to the worker cooperatives, thereby undermining mechanisms of workplace democracy and undermining the influence of (female) production workers. Therefore, the main contribution of this study is to bring together new institutional theory, GVC analysis and gender in the workplace. It reveals how social enterprises can use their position in a GVC to dictate the labour process in worker cooperatives, fragmenting the gendered labour process and fracturing labour power at the point of production. It also highlights how social enterprises can cause non-congruent isomorphism, emboldening neoliberal assumptions relating to governance and management in worker cooperatives. Ultimately, the overall outcome was social downgrading in the form of limited workplace democracy and gender inequality.
16
English, Matthew. "Filling-in the hollowed out? : assessing the strategic value of ICT in the New Labour core executive (1997-2010)." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.541695.
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Knox, Heather Joy. "Attracting and retaining talent: identifying employee value proposition (EVP) drivers of attraction and retention in the South African labour market." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020065.
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Rapid changes in the business environment as a result of globalisation, mergers and acquisitions, skills shortages and demographic changes in the workplace have led to a greater realisation of the importance of talent management and its role in ensuring a sustainable and successful organisation. Attracting and retaining talent has become one of the most important activities for organisations in order to ensure their competitive advantage. Companies must now differentiate themselves from competitors by offering current and potential employees an employment offering that they value. The employee value proposition (EVP) communicates to the internal and external workforce why they should work for and remain with a particular organisation. Identifying the attributes that employees' value is important in attracting and retaining the best talent. The aim of the study was therefore to identify the EVP drivers that a) attract and b) retain employees as well as those attributes that drive both attraction and retention. The influence of demographic variables, such as age and gender, on attracting and retaining employees was also explored. A structured questionnaire, based on the Corporate Leadership Council‟s EVP model, was developed and respondents were asked to indicate the importance they attach to each EVP attribute. A total of 204 respondents from 13 medium-sized to large-sized organisations in South Africa, participated in the study. The results showed that the quality of senior leadership, quality of managers and the organisation's reputation for managing people were the most important EVP drivers of both attraction and retention. The size of the organisation's workforce was the least important attribute for both attraction and retention. In addition, the results revealed there were no significant differences between EVP attributes that attract and retain males and those that attract and retain females. Furthermore, age plays a significant role in attracting and retaining talent. These results have significant implications for companies as they should design their EVP‟s based on what employees' value and deem to be the most important to them. Organisations need to start focusing on the generational differences that are present in today's business and adapt their EVP‟s accordingly.
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Santos, Vinícius Oliveira 1986. "Categorias marxianas fundamentais para o estudo do trabalho imaterial." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/282075.
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Orientador: Jesus José RanieriDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T13:57:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Santos_ViniciusOliveira_M.pdf: 1081756 bytes, checksum: 15604cac6717f8ec37dd711d44bce11e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012
Resumo: A presente pesquisa anseia apreender determinados elementos fundamentais na obra de Karl Marx que elucidam questões pertinentes para o estudo do trabalho imaterial no capitalismo. Além de isoladas menções diretas a este tipo de trabalho, há em Marx categorias e conceitos que municiam uma análise do trabalho imaterial, tais como: trabalho produtivo e improdutivo, a noção ampliada de indústria, o trabalho vendido como serviço, o tempo de rotação do capital, etc.. Tomaremos como objeto não toda a obra do autor, mas as contribuições delineadas em O capital e no Capítulo VI inédito de O capital. Os nexos entre as categorias acima mencionadas instituem uma compreensão fundamentada da imaterialidade do trabalho. Isto significa que a teoria de Marx obtém êxito explicativo mediante as mutabilidades do capitalismo contemporâneo
Abstract: This research longs to grasp some elements in the work of Karl Marx to clarify pertinent issues to study the immaterial labor in capitalism. In addition to isolated entries about this kind of work, in Marx's theory, we saw categories and concepts that bases an analysis of immaterial labor, such as productive and unproductive labor, the expanded notion of industry, the work sold as a service, the turnaround time of capital etc. The object of this work is not all the author's work, but the contributions outlined in Capital and in Chapter VI Unpublished. The connections between these categories establish an important understanding about the immateriality of the work. This means that Marx's theory explains the changes of contemporary capitalism
Mestrado
Sociologia
Mestre em Sociologia
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Ahumada, P. E. "The theoretical relevance of an updated Marxian theory of commodity in economics." Lincoln University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/365.
Full textAbstract:
How does material production become socially recognised in capitalism? This is a fundamental question to be addressed in capitalist production, since material production takes place privately and independently in a global and atomistic system. This thesis shows that the question is tackled by Marx in the first three chapters of Capital. The process of social recognition of material production is that of the realisation of work carried out privately and independently as part of the social labour. For Marx this occurs through the private and independent work becoming objective social labour as the substance of the value of commodities, and through the latter finding its necessary developed mercantile expression in the price form of commodities. Therefore, private and independent work becomes social labour through the recognition of its product as equivalent to a certain amount of money. The thesis argues that Marx's answer is powerfully insightful but flawed because it did not succeed in fully characterising the historical specificity of commodity. Commodity is not merely the differentiated unity of use value and value but of use value and mercantile use value, and of labour value and mercantile value. The former dialectic is immediate and distinguishes between the utility of commodity as a direct means of consumption or production and that as a means of exchange, fully determining the behaviour of the private and independent commodity producer. The latter dialectic is objective and distinguishes between commodity as the embodiment of the social labour necessary to reproduce it and as the embodiment of command over social labour, enabling the adjustment of the productive structure. Both dialectics are mediated by the mercantile form of value, which allows the indirect expression of labour value as the gravitational force of the system. The theory of commodity offered in this thesis, unlike that of Marx, consistently hinges on the atomistic private and independent commodity producer. The thesis shows that commodity production is the organisation of society's labour for its material reproduction, just as in any previous mode of production. The discovery of the generic aspect of commodity production breaks the false immediate link between production and supply, and that between the labour theory of value and both the supply-side-determined theory of price and the single-factor theory of production. The thesis also shows that the mercantile form of value is what allows society's labour to become an objective and autonomous materially abstract substance regulating the adjustment of the productive system under the form of material signals. This is the specific aspect of a global mode of production comprised of free and independent individuals. The mercantile form of value is thus Adam Smith's invisible hand. Finally, the thesis analyses some implications of the framework with regard to the analysis of monetary phenomena, capital accumulation and sustainable development, and reviews the most popular Marxian topic in Economics: the transformation of values into prices of production.
20
Revina, Daria, and Bringel Netto Camilo Lopes. "Precarious working conditions in gig organisations: saving money or losing value? : A qualitative study of food deliverers in Sweden." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-177521.
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Background: Considering the growing popularity of gig organisations and the socioeconomic situation enabling precarity in this type of firms, there is the need to investigate potential gains and losses of this type of work contract from the organisational side. Aim: The aim is to understand the benefits and losses platform organisations may face by offering precarious work conditions. Apart from economic influence, as on direct labour costs and staff turnover, there are expected to be cultural and social capital losses. Methodology: A qualitative study approach was chosen to discover new details and access the background of the employees. Six food deliverers from three different app-based food delivery companies in Sweden were interviewed to gain a comprehensive understanding of the problem. Findings: The empirical findings indicated that apart from decreasing direct labour costs and high turnover, offering precarious working conditions may deprive organisations of access to a qualified workforce and knowledge pool that the employees bring.
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Sousa-Poza, Alfonso. "The allocation and value of time assigned to housework and child-care : an analysis for Switzerland using data from the 1997 Swiss labour force survey /." Bern ; Stuttgart [etc.] : P. Haupt, 1999. http://aleph.unisg.ch/hsgscan/hm00157008.pdf.
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Diss. Wirtsch.-wiss. St. Gallen, 1999 ; Nr. 2240.En librairie dans la coll. "Schriftenreihe des Forschungsinstitutes für Arbeit und Arbeitsrecht an der Universität Sankt Gallen", Bd 20. Literaturverz.
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Яковенко, Р. В., R. Yakovenko, С. М. Ткаченко, and S. Tkachenko. "Теорія вартості та її дія в Україні." Thesis, Przemysl : Nauka і stadia, 2011. http://dspace.kntu.kr.ua/jspui/handle/123456789/7068.
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У тезах розкрито еволюцію теорії вартості та її дію в Україні, зокрема в сфері ціноутворення
The thesis discusses the evolution of the theory of value and its effect in Ukraine, in particular in the sphere of pricing
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Gunduz, Burcu. "Contest In The Boundaries Of Corporate Social Responsibility: Emergence Of Nongovernmental Systems Of Labour Regulation In The Textile And Apparel Industry." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12611347/index.pdf.
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The thesis investigates the reasons behind the proliferation of non-governmental systems of labour regulation in the textile and apparel industry in the USA, European Union and Turkey. The aim of the study is to identify the main structural factors, strategies and agencies which drive the process for the emergence of these systems within the confines of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) discourse and assess their effectiveness and sustainability as a form of regulation. The thesis concludes that the incapability of the traditional institutions to regulate and equalize labour standards throughout the buyer-driven apparel value chains played a key role in the search for new regulatory mechanisms. Among many alternatives, the contests and compromises between different strategies constrained by the current structural factors resulted in the dominance of non-governmental systems of regulation resting on the extension of regulatory authority from the public to the private institutions. However, whilst filling some gaps between the organization of production and existing regulatory institutions through transforming into more collective forms, these systems tend to supplement the traditional institutions of regulation in a period of crisis rather than replacing them, since their scope fall short for solving the problems of standardization, equalization and generalization of the labour standards and their associated costs.
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Le, Bon Thomas. ""La civilisation du travail" : réflexions sur les rapports entre travail et culture." Thesis, Paris 4, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA040004/document.
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Cette étude se concentre sur l'analyse de l'expression « civilisation du travail » pour proposer un examen critique et normatif de la « valeur-travail ». Repartant des deux sens, scientifique et pragmatique de l'expression « civilisation du travail », le propos se divise en deux temps : il se focalise d'abord sur l'aspect scientifique, descriptif de l'expression avant d'envisager la possibilité de son emploi normatif. Dans le volet descriptif, il s'agit, d'une part, de mesurer la pertinence d'un emploi ethnographique de l'expression pour caractériser nos sociétés occidentales et, d'autre part, de présenter un portrait intellectuel et moral du travailleur moderne. Les traits de caractère spécifiques de cette figure sont ensuite l'objet d'une analyse critique qui ouvre sur le volet normatif de ce travail. Repartant des liens que la figure du travailleur tayloro-fordien entretient avec le constat d'une crise de la civilisation dans le discours philosophico-sociologique de l'entre-deux-guerres et des Trente Glorieuses, l'étude renoue avec le dilemme marxien de la libération ou de la désaliénation du travail en l'indexant à ses enjeux culturels : faut-il privilégier une réduction du temps de travail ou une transformation radicale de ses conditions d'exercice pour espérer sortir de l'impasse nihiliste ? En recomposant le débat opposant les défenseurs d'une « civilisation des loisirs » à ceux d'une « civilisation du travail », la réflexion retrouve les lignes de fracture structurant les débats sur la valeur du travail. Elle s'achève sur la défense d'un emploi normatif de l'expression « civilisation du travail »This investigation is focussed on the analysis of the expression civilisation of labour, puttingforward a critical and normative examination of the labour theory of value. Proceeding fromthe scientific and pragmatic perspectives of the civilisation of labour, the thesis is divided intotwo parts: concentrating first of all on the scientific aspect, describing the expression, before considering the possibility of its normative use. The descriptive section is devoted toevaluating the pertinence of an ethnographic use of the expression to characterise western societies and presenting an intellectual and moral portrait of the modern worker. The specific characteristics of this figure then become the object of a critical analysis which leads into the normative section of this work. Commencing with the ties the figure of the Tayloro-Fordian worker maintains with the crisis of civilisation observed in philosophical and sociological discourse during the inter-war period and the post-war boom, the investigation revives the Marxist dilemma of the freedom or disalienation of labour by indexing it to related cultural issues: should a reduction in working hours or a radical transformation of labour conditions be favoured in the hope of escaping a nihilistic impasse? By reconstructing the debate opposing the defenders of a civilisation of leisure to those of a civilisation of labour, the examination uncovers the dividing lines structuring debates on the value of labour. The thesis is completed with the defence of a normative use of the expression civilisation of labour
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Jansson, Thomas. "Essays on household portfolio choice." Doctoral thesis, Handelshögskolan i Stockholm, Finansiell Ekonomi (FI), 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hhs:diva-928.
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Alford, Matthew Tristain. "Public governance and multi-scalar tensions in global production networks : crisis in South African fruit." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/public-governance-and-multiscalar-tensions-in-global-production-networks-crisis-in-south-african-fruit(214310c3-272e-4986-adeb-9d2b59290cff).html.
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This thesis aims to understand the role of public governance (national laws and regulations) in addressing poor working conditions on South African fruit farms connected to global production networks (GPN), at the intersection of global private (codes of conduct) and local civil society organisation (CSO) initiatives. A particular objective of the investigation is to understand the extent to which public governance is able to address working conditions on South African fruit export farms, taking into account wider global commercial pressures inherent in fruit GPNs. Much analysis of global private and governance by local CSOs has not sufficiently addressed the role of public governance. Research focusing on public governance in addressing working conditions in South African fruit has not sufficiently accounted for the multi-scalar interactions between lead firm supermarkets, national suppliers and local fruit producers. These interactions are positioned to shape and influence regulatory outcomes for different groups of permanent and casual farmworkers. The thesis seeks to address the following central research question: ‘To what extent do multi-scalar tensions in global production networks (GPNs) challenge the public governance of working conditions, and what are the lessons from labour operating in South African fruit production?’This research draws upon the GPN analytical framework and public governance research, in order to conceptualise the multi-scalar commercial and governance processes that play out in the South African fruit export sector. In doing so, this research seeks to contribute to existing GPN and public governance literatures. Previous GPN research has not sufficiently investigated the role of public governance (laws and regulations) in addressing working conditions, partly due to an assumption that neoliberal policies have eroded the ability of developing states to regulate labour incorporated into global production. This problematic is beginning to be addressed, due to increasing academic acknowledgement of the central regulatory role nation states continue to play in addressing working conditions in global production, at the intersection of global private (codes of conduct) initiatives and governance by local CSOs (NGO and trade union activity). Additionally, this thesis seeks to bring together two separate strands of ‘governance’ research in global production networks, which have thus far been investigated separately; the governance of commercial interactions on the one hand, and the governance of labour on the other. A key theoretical argument is that understanding challenges facing the public governance of labour requires a broader conceptualisation of the governance of multi-scalar commercial interactions in global production, which shape and influence workforce composition at local farm level. This thesis argues that an inherent multi-scalar tension exists on the one hand between ‘global commercial pressures’ exerted by global lead firms over national suppliers and local producers driving workforce casualisation, and on the other hand a ‘global governance deficit’ at the core of which lies a public governance deficit facing increasing numbers of casual workers, characterised by minimum wages insufficient to meet living costs and a lack of trade union representation. This tension, it is argued, underpinned the crisis in South African fruit in 2012/13, when casual workers mobilised to demand an increase in the agricultural minimum wage, and threatened the fruit value chain by blocking the main arterial routes to Cape Town port. The policy implications of this thesis are that nation states are required to adopt multi-scalar interventions which transcend traditional forms of governance, in order to address the global commercial pressures inherent in GPNs and protect increasing numbers of casual workers in this context.
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Kumar, Ashok. "Building workers' power against globally mobile capital : case studies from the transnational garment sector." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:ab1fa70e-8c27-46f2-a0de-3b005baecaba.
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Garment sector trade unions have proved largely powerless to combat hypermobile transnational capital’s systematic extraction of surplus value from the newly industrialized Global South. Optimized conditions for accumulation coupled with the 2005 phase-out of the Multi-Fibre Agreement (MFA) have meant a radical geographic reconfiguration of the globalised garment industry heavily in favour of capital over labour. The thesis approaches the global garment sector from multiple vantage points across the world with the goal of uncovering the obstacles to workers' organisation, examine workers' strategies of resistance, and analyse the changing composition of labour and capital within the clothing commodity chain. The thesis highlights five distinct but interconnected case studies including a transnational workers campaign from a garment factory in Honduras; a history and present-day feasibility of establishing a transnational collective bargaining from El Salvador to Turkey to Cambodia; the prospects for a countermovement in the organizing strategies at the bottom of the clothing commodity and supply chain in Bangalore; the growth of a 'full package' denim manufacturer in changing the relationship between 'buyers' and 'suppliers' on the outskirts of Bangalore; and finally a continuation of this analysis the case of a strike at a monopoly footwear supplier in China. The central research question is: How do workers build power and establish workers' rights in the globally hypermobile garment sector? Ultimately, what is demonstrated within this thesis is that the actions of garment workers shaped and circumscribed the actions of capital in the sector, and as capital transformed new landscapes for accumulation new vistas for opposition begin to emerge.
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Lloyd, M. S. "The place of ideas about property in political theory, in Great Britain between 1750-1850 : With special reference to labour and value theories, and the distribution of wealth between classes." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380779.
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Nylander, Stina. "Corporate social responsibility issues management at Vattenfall AB : A study of risks related to technology, value chains, and market." Thesis, Uppsala University, LUVAL, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-129387.
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As one of Europe’s largest-producing actors in the energy sector with a wide energy mix, Vattenfall has a great responsibility to contribute to sustainable development of society. To do so, economical, environmental and social aspects need to be balanced in a responsible way. This is done through acting social responsible or in other terms, addressing corporate social responsibility (CSR) in the company’s business activities. Electricity and heat constitute one of the prerequisites for a modern society. However, it has always been a highly debated industry due to its inevitable impact on the environment and society. This makes it crucial for Vattenfall and its operations to act as responsible as possible and listen to the stakeholders and take their expectations into account in the business decisions process. Vattenfall has a long history of being criticised for its activities by NGOs and media. However, Vattenfall´s main task is to deliver electricity and heat to the society, which means that Vattenfall must continue to deliver secure energy supply to its markets, but with as little negative impact on the environment and society as possible.
Vattenfall is through its operations, its value chain, its use of technology and the markets on which it operates, exposed to risks associated with the areas human rights, labour, environment and anti-corruption. These “CSR risks” can harm the reputation, brand and image if they are not managed in a proactive and effective way. In order to manage CSR risks and emerging CSR issues, the company needs to catch and respond quickly to new trends and expectations raised by opinion formers, which often are expressed through the media and the Internet. The aim of this study is to provide Vattenfall with a tool to do so. Through identifying the main CSR risks related to its operations, awareness about Vattenfall’s vulnerability areas are created. The result shows that the largest CSR risks for Vattenfall are technology related, i.e., connected to the fuels used in Vattenfall’s power plants and their value chain. This knowledge can be used when addressing CSR in the organization.
Still, a direct solution to manage CSR risks and emerging CSR issue is needed. The second purpose of this study is to propose a process for a CSR issues management at Vattenfall. The aim of such an issues management is to provide the company with a tool to identify, analyse and manage emerging issues. A CSR issues management will provide Vattenfall with a tool to respond to emerging issues before they become public knowledge. It should scan and collect external and internal information, identify relevant information for Vattenfall, monitor ongoing and emerging CSR issues/concerns/debates and report to relevant functions in the Vattenfall organization.
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Fojtíková, Jaroslava. "Mezinárodní pronájem pracovní síly a jeho alternativy v podmínkách Evropské unie - daňové aspekty." Doctoral thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2005. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-77108.
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Disertační práce se zabývá problematikou české daňověprávní úpravy tzv. mezinárodního pronájmu pracovní síly. S ohledem na velmi široký záběr této problematiky i autorčiny zkušenosti z odborné praxe je práce zaměřena na pronájem zaměstnanců směrem ze zahraničí, konkrétně členských států Evropské unie, do České republiky. Cílem disertační práce je zejména rekapitulace stávající právní úpravy daňových aspektů mezinárodního pronájmu pracovní síly, její zhodnocení v kontextu komunitární legislativy i potřeb praxe a v relevantních případech též formulace doporučení a námětů pro základní směřování dalšího legislativního vývoje. S ohledem na skutečnost, že případné změny české legislativy mohou být inspirovány rovněž právním stavem v jiných státech, je část této disertační práce věnována též nastínění základních principů daňověprávní úpravy mezinárodního pronájmu pracovní síly ve Spolkové republice Německo, a její komparaci s českou legislativou.
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Зайцев, Олександр Васильович, Александр Васильевич Зайцев, and Oleksandr Vasylovych Zaitsev. "Мера количества труда." Thesis, Криворізький економічний інститут, 2010. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/63977.
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У статті розглядаються принципи теорії вартості праці. Запропоновано спосіб обчислення трудової вартості.В статье рассматриваются принципы теории трудовой стоимости. Предлагается способ расчёта трудовой стоимости.
The article deals with the principles of labour value theory. A way for calculation of labour value is proposed in it.
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Rodrigues, Vieira Zaïra. "Catégories et méthode dans la théorie de la valeur de Marx : sur la dialectique." Thesis, Paris 10, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA100198/document.
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Dans cette thèse, nous analysons l’œuvre de la maturité de Marx, spécialement en ce qui concerne la théorie de la valeur, du point de vue des catégories et de la méthode, et à partir d’une perspective qui conçoit les aspects théoriques et méthodologiques comme subordonnés à l’analyse du contenu ou de l’objet de la recherche. Nous approfondissons notamment, dans la formulation des abstractions qui apparaissent dans la première Section du Capital, le rôle de la découverte de la catégorie de force de travail, où, d’une manière non pas explicitée par la forme d’exposition des premiers chapitres, se trouvent inclus les rapports historiques dans lesquels les abstractions de Marx se concrétisent. Ensuite, nous mettons à l’épreuve les résultats analytiques ainsi obtenus, en questionnant, entre les interprétations de la pensée de Marx, surtout celles qui partent d’une perspective épistémologique et qui conçoivent la méthode comme construction ou logique régentant les phénomènes. Pour cette tâche nous avons recours aux derniers écrits de Lukács, spécialement ceux sur l’ontologie de l’être social, qui, tout en échappant à la démarche d’Engels qui valorise la dialectique comme méthode ou logique, permettent de saisir le caractère réel des abstractions marxiennes sans tomber, pour autant, dans une conception philosophique de type empiriste ou mécanisteIn this thesis we analyse Marx’s work of maturity, especially his theory of value, from the point of view of the categories and of the method, and starting from a perspective which considers the theoretical and methodological aspects as dependent from the analysis of the content or of the object of research. In the formulation of the abstractions that appear in the first section of Capital, we study in detail particularly the role of the discovery of the category of labour force, that, in a way not made clear by the form of exposition of the first chapters, includes the historical relationships inside which Marx’s abstractions made themselves concrete. Afterwards we test the analytical results we achieved, examining, among the interpretations of Marx’s thought, especially those which start from an epistemological point of view and conceive the method as a construction or as a logic ruling the phenomena. To fulfil this task, we turned to Lukács’ last works, especially the ones on the ontology of the social being, that, avoiding Engels’ procedure of bringing out dialectic as a method or as a logic, make understandable the real nature of Marx’s abstractions without ending nevertheless in an empiristic or mechanistic philosophical conception
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Зайцев, Олександр Васильович, Александр Васильевич Зайцев, and Oleksandr Vasylovych Zaitsev. "Исчисление стоимости количеством затрат труда." Thesis, ІнтерГрафіка, 2007. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/46013.
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Тезове викладення методологіїі чисельного розрахунку трудової вартостіУ цьому короткому повідомленні йдеться про принципи теорії трудової вартості. Пропонується формула чисельного розрахунку трудової вартості.
В этом коротком сообщении говорится о принципах теории трудовой стоимости. Предлагается формула численного расчёта трудовой стоимости.
The brief message deals with the principles of labour value theory. A mathematical formula for calculating labour value is proposed in it.
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Andersson, Markus. "Arbetets värde. Om ungdomars uppfattningar kring arbetets betydelse." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Thematic Studies, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-2605.
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The aim of this study is to examine the perception of work of young men and women. A central problem that the study focus on is how young men and women value work, what do they expect to get out of work, and what are their experiences of work. The study also examines what work value and work mean for them. Eight young men and women between the ages of 22-25, currently working in different field, were interviewed. The individuals interviewed had different educational backgrounds. Verbatim-transcribed thematized interviews were analyzed from a phenomenographic perspective. This perspective is generally used to describe people’s variation views, experience and perceptions of a phenomenon.
The result of the study is presented using two major categories with subcategories. The two main categories are work condition and social values of work. The category work conditions and related subcategories describe different aspect of what the participants in the study perceive is/are valuable with work or working, in other words, what they expect to get out of work. The other category, social values of work and related subcategories, touché different areas such as the participants perception of significance of work in a society, status of different professions, and the significance of work as an indicator of social position.
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Mello, Gustavo Moura de Cavalcanti. "Algumas respostas teóricas para as vicissitudes do capitalismo contemporâneo: crítica ou fetichismo?" Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8132/tde-26022008-135014/.
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Nessa dissertação analiso, à luz de conceitos marxianos, as noções de trabalho imaterial - tal qual exposto por Antonio Negri e André Gorz, sobretudo - e de pós-grande indústria - desenvolvido por Ruy Fausto, Eleutério Prado e Leda Paulani -, as quais estão no cerne da interpretação desses autores acerca da atual fase do desenvolvimento do modo de produção capitalista. Com isso, pretendo, por um lado, apreender alguns problemas teóricos dessas tentativas de se entender a contemporaneidade com base nos conceitos de trabalho imaterial e de pós-grande indústria; e por outro, chamar a atenção para a força e a atualidade da obra de Marx e de conceitos como o de trabalho abstrato, de mais-valia relativa, de subsunção real do trabalho ao capital, de grande indústria, dentre outros.In this dissertation I analyse, through marxian concepts, the notions of immaterial labour - as exposed by Antonio Negri and André Gorz, - and of post-great industry - developed by Ruy Fausto, Eletério Prado and Leda Paulani -, which are in the center of these authors\' interpretations concerning the current phase of development of the capitalist mode of production. With this, I intend to, on the one hand, apprehend the theoretical problems of these attempts of understand the contemporary capitalism based in the concepts of immaterial labour and pos-great industry; and on the other hand, call attention to the force and atuality of the work of Marx and the concepts of abstract labour, of relative plus-value, of real subsuntion of the labour to the capital, of great industry, amongst others.
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Dusílek, Adam. "Oceňování dobrovolné práce při pořádání velké sportovní akce." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-198013.
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The research problem of this thesis was to hold large-scale sports event and its organization by nonprofessional workers that must be managed. To solve the main problem, we selected two main objectives. Determining monetary value of voluntary labour during organization of big sports event based on method VŠE was the first goal. This objective was fulfilled and determines the value at CZK 118.25. The second goal was to analyse the organization of sports event and it's securing. Using network analysis was able to find the critical path of preparation activities. Gantt diagram allowed carrying out a full analysis of resources, which could be the subject of further research.
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Caressa, Myriam. "Fourniture de main-d’œuvre, prêt de main-d’œuvre et droit pénal." Thesis, Paris 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA020001.
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Construit autour du contrat de travail, le droit du travail s’appuie sur une relation bilatérale entre l’employeur et le salarié. Le prêt et la fourniture de main-d’œuvre perturbent cet équilibre parce que la force de travail du salarié bénéficie à un tiers au contrat de travail. La méfiance originelle s’est traduite par deux prohibitions de principe pénalement sanctionnées : le marchandage et le prêt illicite de maind’œuvre. L’évolution du marché économique a contraint le législateur à dépasser la seule répression pour envisager la légalisation et l’encadrement de mises à disposition de plus en plus variées. Ces nombreux à-coups législatifs, en l’absence de revalorisation des incriminations, remettent en cause l’efficacité de la prohibition pénale. Le droit pénal est-il encore adapté pour lutter contre les dérives des prêts et fournitures de main-d’œuvre ? Si l’encadrement répressif actuel et sa mise en œuvre sont critiquables, la dépénalisation « sèche » n’est pas pour autant la seule solutionBuilt around the employment contract, labour law is based on a bilateral relationship between an employer and an employee. The leasing and subcontracting of labour force disrupt this balance because the employee's labour force benefits a third party to the employment contract. The original mistrust resulted in two criminally sanctioned prohibitions: illegal subcontracting and illegal labour leasing. The evolution of the economic market has forced the legislator to go beyond repression alone and to consider the legalization and supervision of more and more types of manpower leasing. These numerous legislative interventions, in the absence of the revalorization of the incriminations, question the effectiveness of the criminal prohibition. Is criminal law still suited to fight against the excesses of labour leasing and subcontracting? Although the current repressive framework and its implementation are open to criticism, decriminalization alone is not the only solution
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Mraouahi, Sabrina. "La règle de droit saisie par l'urgence : l'exemple du droit du travail." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAA025.
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Nécessité pressante, l’urgence appelle une réponse rapide. Le Droit, règle sociale, ne peut l’ignorer. L’urgence pourtant dérange. Imposant une réaction immédiate, elle demande au système juridique souplesse et flexibilité. Elle justifie des exceptions au droit ordinaire. Violation de la règle de droit organisée par la Loi elle-même, n’y a-t-il pas une contradiction interne du système juridique nuisant à sa cohérence ? Indéfinie, la notion d’urgence se présente comme une lacune intra legem. Laissée entre les mains de l’interprète, la règle paraît imprécise et imprévisible. La sécurité juridique n’est-elle pas remise en cause ? Si l’urgence semble prima facie subversive, elle invite, en réalité, l’observateur à modifier sa posture. Elle le conduit à quitter le confort d’une logique formelle pour adopter une rationalité réaliste, moins respectueuse de la lettre des textes mais plus conforme à leur esprit. Loin d’être un élément perturbateur, l’urgence participe à la réalisation du DroitAs a reflexion of a pressing necessity, emergency calls for a rapid response. Law as the social rule cannot ignore this. Yet, emergency troubles. While imposing an immediate reaction, it demands from the legal system suppleness and flexibility. It justifies exceptions to the ordinary law. Given that the violation of the rule of law is organised by Law itself, isn’t there an internal contradiction within the legal system undermining its coherence ? Undefined, the notion of emergency comes across as a loophole intra legem. Left in the hands of the interpreter, the rule appears as imprecise and unpredictable. Hence, isn’t the imperative of the legal certainty called into question ? If emergency seems prima facie subversive it invites, in realty, the observer to modify its posture. It leads to abandon the comfort of a formal logics to adopt a realistic rationality, which is less respectful of the letter of the texts but is more consistent with their spirit. Far from being a disruptive element, emergency contributes to the realisation of Law
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Čabla, Adam. "Doba nezaměstnanosti v České republice pohledem analýzy přežití." Doctoral thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-264719.
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In the presented thesis the aim is to apply methods of survival analysis to the data from the Labour Force Survey, which are interval-censored. With regard to this type of data, I use specific methods designed to handle them, especially Turnbull estimate, weighted log-rank test and the AFT model. Other objective of the work is the design and application of a methodology for creating a model of unemployment duration, depending on the available factors and its interpretation. Other aim is to evaluate evolution of the probability distribution of unemployment duration and last but not least aim is to create more accurate estimate of the tail using extreme value theory. The main benefits of the thesis can include the creation of a methodology for examining the data from the Labour Force Survey based on standard techniques of survival analysis. Since the data are internationally comparable, the methodology is applicable at the level of European Union countries and several others. Another benefit of this work is estimation of the parameters of the generalized Pareto distribution on interval-censored data and creation and comparison of the models of piecewise connected distribution functions with solution of the connection problem. Work brought empirical results, most important of which is the comparison of results from three different data approaches and specific relationship between selected factors and time to find a job or spell of unemployment.
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Smith, Murray E. G. "The value controversy and social theory : an inquiry into Marx's 'labor theory of value'." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29292.
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The aim of this study is to establish the key importance of preserving and developing Marx's 'labor theory of value' to the project of reconstructing social theory on an 'historical-materialist' basis. The seminal significance of the conceptualization of 'economic value' to wide bodies of social theory is indicated by the profound impact of the 'marginalist' theory of value/price on twentieth-century social science — not just economic theory, but such sociological paradigms as structural functionalism and social exchange theory as well. Curiously, however, the controversy surrounding Marx's theory of value has seldom been addressed by sociologists seeking to elaborate a Marxist alternative to these paradigms. The present study seeks to redress this situation by a) 'demystifying' the value controversy by disclosing its methodological, theoretical and programmatic roots, b) establishing in Marx's 'value' a category which is useful not only to the explication of capitalist reality but also in the understanding of the 'forces-relations' dialectic which is at the heart of Marx's theory of historical development, and c) demonstrating how Marx's value theory transcends the conventional academic bifurcation of the 'economic' and the 'sociological’.
In contrast to the marginalist doctrine, which analyzes the relation between 'things' and 'persons', Marx's theory of value focuses on the relation of people to people within the total process of production/reproduction: the social relations of production. Accordingly, Marx's theory is not essentially a theory of individual price formation, but rather of the articulation, division and distribution of social labor within commodity-producing economies, and of the laws of motion of societies characterized by 'generalized' commodity production. Key to this interpretation of Marx's project is the historical materialist thesis that the most significant theoretical distinction of use in the interrogation of the human world is the distinction between the material (or 'natural') and the social, not the distinction between a material 'object world' and an ideal 'subject world' which is basic to theories influencing and influenced by neo-classical marginalism. To bring the methodological and substantive-theoretical implications of Marx's theory of value into full view, a comparative critical analysis of the principal 'schools' that have participated in the value controversy is undertaken. These implications are then explored in relation to such problems as economic crisis, imperialism/underdevelopment, class structuration, the social determination of knowledge/ideology, bureaucracy, and the current 'crisis' of social theory as expressed in the division between a poitivistic scientism and a 'life-philosophical' humanism.Arts, Faculty of
Sociology, Department of
Graduate
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Lopez, Benoît. "Les clauses sociales : contribution à l'étude des rapports entre le droit du travail et le droit international économique." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE2067.
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Le droit international économique a pour fonction la réglementation des flux économiques internationaux. Ce dernier émane de la volonté déjà ancienne des nations d’instaurer, dans l’économie mondiale, un ensemble de règles à même de structurer leurs rapports. À la faveur de ces dernières les échanges marchands, les investissements, la circulation des capitaux ont donc progressivement étaient des faits, des réalités économiques saisies dans des qualifications juridiques. Or, l’une des difficultés majeures, qui alimente ces controverses, tient à la relation du droit international économique avec d’autres branches du droit, également appelées à structurer juridiquement le marché. Dans la mise en œuvre de sesnormes, le droit international économique est en effet appelé à rentrer en contact avec de nombreuses branches du droit. Il est toutefois remarquable que dans l’ensemble, celles-ci n’occupent pas un rôle comparable. Si certains ensembles de règles apparaissent primordiaux, en vue d’assurer le fonctionnement d’une économique mondialisée, d’autres entretiennent des rapports plus distendus. Pour les besoins de notre recherche, il convient donc de cerner la nature des liens qui existent entre le droit du travail et le droit international économique. Si la connexité de ces deux branches a induit le développement des clauses sociales, elle n’a pas eu pour conséquence, à l’heure actuelle, une réelle modification du droit international économique. À défaut, certaines des caractéristiques irréductibles du droit du travail continuent à limiter la fécondité de leurs rapports. Pour autant, l’existence de cette connexité permet d’envisager, pour l’avenir, un approfondissement des relations entre ces deux branches par des voies jusqu’ici inexploitées. Loin d’être chimérique, l’avènement de synergies nouvelles entre le droit international et le droit du travail apparaît envisageable à la lueur de la réception juridique qu’a connue le concept de développement durable. Une modification profonde des rapports entre ces deux branches du droit se donne déjà à voir et pourrait se poursuivre. L’explication de l’influence déterminante du concept peut être recherchées dans son positionnement au regard des activités économiques transnationales. Ce dernier se projette en effet sur les répercussions et plus uniquement le développement de l’économie. Se faisant, le développement durable se présente comme une voie alternative pour penser et évaluer la croissance. Au regard de l’apport du droit international économique à l’application du droit du travail, ce changement de perspective est déterminant. Il conduit eneffet à voir dans le premier un outil de diffusion du second. Cette relation se déduit en effet de l’interdépendance des piliers qui fondent le concept de développement durable. L’imbrication du pilier social et économique invite à n’envisager la croissance économique qu’à la condition qu’elle puisse, entre autres, satisfaire à une durabilité sociale impliquant le respect du droit du travail. L’existence de cette synergie est d’ailleurs signalée par l’adoption, au nom du développement durable, de nouvelles clauses sociales.Le développement durable augure également l’évolution vers une prise en compte accrue du droit du travail au vu d’une autre de ses particularités, son positionnement dans le champ juridique. Il ressort en effet des propositions de la doctrine autant que d’interprétations issues d’organes contentieux internationaux que le développement durable est susceptible d’assurer un rôle de matrice conceptuelle. À ce titre, il est en capacité et pourrait à l’avenir conduire à interpréter le droit international économique en prenant également en compte le respect du droit du travail précisément au regard de sa contribution à la recherche de durabilitéThe function of international economic law is to regulate international economic flows. The latter stems from the long-standing will of nations to establish, in the global economy, a set of rules capable of structuring their relations. As a result of the latter, trade, investment and capital movements were gradually becoming facts, economic realities captured in legalqualifications. However, one of the major difficulties, which fuels these controversies, lies in the relationship of international economic law with other branches of law, which are also called upon to structure the market legally. In the implementation of its norms, international economic law is indeed called upon to come into contact with many branches of law. However, it is remarkable that, overall, they do not play a comparable role. While some sets of rules appear essential to ensure the functioning of a globalised economy, others maintain more relaxed relations. For the purposes of our research, it is therefore necessary to identify the nature of the links that exist between labour law and international economic law. While the connection of these two branches has led to the development of social clauses, it has not, at present, led to any real change in international economic law. Failing this, some of the irreducible characteristics of labour law continue to limit the fertility of their relationships. For all that, the existence of this connection makes it possible to envisage, for the future, a deepening of relations between these two branches by hitherto unexploited ways. Far from being a pipe dream, the emergence of new synergies between international law and labour law seems conceivable in the light of the legal reception of the concept of sustainable development. A profound change in the relationship between these two branches of law is already apparent and could continue. The explanation of the decisive influence of the concept can be sought in its positioning with regard to transnational economic activities. The latter projects itself on the repercussions and not only on the development of the economy. In doing so, sustainable development presents itself as an alternative way to think and evaluate growth.With regard to the contribution of international economic law to the application of labour law, this change of perspective is decisive. It leads us to see the former as a tool for disseminating the latter. This relationship can be deduced from the interdependence of the pillars that underpin the concept of sustainable development. The interweaving of the social andeconomic pillar calls for economic growth to be considered only on condition that it can, among other things, satisfy social sustainability implying respect for labour law. The existence of this synergy is also indicated by the adoption, in the name of sustainable development, of new social clauses.Sustainable development also augurs well for the evolution towards greater consideration of labour law in view of another of its particularities, its position in the legal field. Indeed, it emerges from the proposals of the doctrine as much as from interpretations coming from international contentious bodies that sustainable development is likely to ensure a role ofconceptual matrix. As such, it is capable and could in the future lead to interpret international economic law by also taking into account the respect of labour law precisely with regard to it contribution to the search for sustainability
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Alsparr, Staffan. "En annan rikedom : Ett ekonomiskt perspektiv på Vägen till Klockrike." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för kultur och estetik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-184277.
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I uppsatsen analyseras Harry Martinsons roman Vägen till Klockrike (1948) ur ett ekonomiskt perspektiv. Syftet är att undersöka hur berättelsens ramverk och de värderingar som uttrycks förhåller sig till en ekonomisk logik. Detta sker genom jämförelser med Georg Simmels The Philosophy of Money (1978) och Chrispoher Newfields artikel "What is Literary Knowledge of Economy?" (2018), såväl som en tidigare studie i Martinsons tankar och poesi av Johan Lundberg, Den andra enkelheten (1992). Resultaten visar att huvudpersonen Bolle kämpar emot en ekonomisk rationalisering som gör honom arbetslös. Samma sätt att tänka avgränsar vad som faktiskt kvalificerar sig som ett yrke. De långa vandringarna som utförs av luffarna, vilka Bolle skall komma att tillhöra, innefattas inte i vad som kan kallas arbete utan luffarna blir istället kriminaliserade och sätts i straffarbete som bättre passar samhällets definition. Att handeln fungerar legitimerande visar även det hur en ekonomisk logik är essentiell för hur föremål såväl som människor värdesätts. Synen på pengar och andra eftersträvansvärda saker i livet skiljer sig stort mellan luffarna och resten av samhället. För luffarna är pengar av sekundär betydelse, ett medel men aldrig ett mål i sig. Istället sätt friheten främst tillsammans med saker i livet som de flesta tar för givet. Detta är i linje med Martinsons egen syn på samhällsutvecklingen, i vilken han anade stora faror, men från vilken han också beskrev en utväg i form av värderingar som kan sökas och uttryckas i poesin. Dessa värderingar återfinns även i Vägen till Klockrike.In this thesis, Harry Martinson’s Vägen till Klockrike (1948) is analyzed from an economic point of view. It aims to study how the setting and the values expressed in central conflicts are related to a logic of economy. Methodologically, the novel is read in comparison with Georg Simmel’s The Philosophy of Money (1978) and Christopher Newfield’s article “What is Literary Knowledge of Economy?” (2018), as well as a previous study on Martinson’s poetry and ideas by Johan Lundberg, Den andra enkelheten (1992). The results of the study show that the main character Bolle struggles in the face of economic rationale that is turning him professionally obsolete. The same rationale defines what qualifies as a proper job. The miles of walking enacted by the vagabonds, which Bolle come to join, are not included and instead they are criminalized with economically motivated punishment. Exchange turns out to be a mediating factor which also shows how economic logic plays a vital role in defining the value of objects as well as people. The view on money and other qualities in life differ greatly between the vagabonds and the rest of society. For the vagabonds, money is of secondary importance, a means but never and end in itself. Instead, freedom and the things in life most people take for granted are held in the highest esteem. This is in line with Martinson’s view of developments in his contemporary society, the consequences of which he warned about, but to which he also presented an antidote: a set of values to be sought in poetry. These values are also expressed in Vägen till Klockrike.
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Зайцев, Олександр Васильович, Александр Васильевич Зайцев, and Oleksandr Vasylovych Zaitsev. "The Development of the Classical Theory of Labor Value." Thesis, Baltija Publishing, 2017. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/65814.
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Автор надає переклад тексту українською мовою.
The author provides the translation of the text in Ukrainian.У цій статті описується новий економічний показник (індикатор), який характеризує обсяг витраченої людиною праці в ролі показника такої оцінки, яка відрізняється від оцінки традиційними грошовими показниками.
В этой статье описывается новый экономический показатель (индикатор), который характеризует объем затраченного человеком труда в роли показателя такой оценки, которая отличается от оценки традиционными денежными показателями.
This article describes a new economic indicator is proposed that characterizes the amount of human labor expended, or that it is an indicator of such value that is different from the traditional monetary indicators.
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Albrechtová, Aneta. "THE VALUE OF STATISTICAL LIFE IN THE CZECH LABOR MARKET." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-359418.
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This thesis calculates the value of statistical life (VSL) in the Czech Republic based on estimation of fatal risk computed across occupation within industries. Using the regression analysis, I estimate the impact of the fatal risk on wage. From this I calculate the VSL using the hedonic wage model. I use randomized wage data sample with 150 000 observations from the year 2013 combined with injury data from the years 2013-2015. Based on this data I estimated the VSL to be in a range between 6 965 277CZK (260 092EURO) and 37 355 674CZK (1. 394mil.EURO) based on statistically significant estimates of fatal risk. Furthermore, I estimate my model of fatal risk calculated across industries to compare the impact of the level of risk in the computation. This regression indicates that estimates based on risk in industries are overestimated. My results show that the method of risk computation is a key factor affecting the VSL.
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SILVA, FERNANDO DE OLIVEIRA TEIXEIRA DA. "IS IT WORTH THE COST?: LABOR REFORM IN BRAZIL UNDER THE MEDIATION OF LABOR VALUE THEORY." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2011. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=18868@1.
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COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIORPROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
Este estudo busca analisar o processo de atualização da legislação do trabalho no Brasil, iniciado durante o primeiro governo de Fernando Henrique Cardoso e que se encontra ainda em curso no país, na forma de diversos projetos de lei e outros dispositivos que já alteraram ou pretendem alterar a legislação trabalhista. Pretende-se investigar se essas alterações, tanto as já realizadas como aquelas em fase de projeto, têm o sentido de institucionalizar práticas laborativas já vigentes, verificando a relação desse movimento com a necessidade de preservar a acumulação através do incremento das taxas de lucro e da extração da mais-valia. Dessa maneira pode-se analisar se o projeto de uma Reforma Trabalhista em curso no país se referiria a uma adequação legal à reestruturação da produção capitalista, que teve surto tardio no Brasil na década de 1990, o que significaria uma conformação a uma demanda capitalista tendo como objetivo facilitar a ampliação do capital. Para tanto, foi realizado um resgate conceitual da teoria do valor-trabalho e uma análise do atual contexto com referências no projeto neoliberal, entendido por seus defensores como o momento propício para a realização de alterações profundas nos direitos que dizem respeito às relações de trabalho. Nos dias de hoje, tem sido recorrente a afirmação de que a Reforma Trabalhista é uma necessidade, tendo em vista as transformações sociais e culturais, que teriam tornado a CLT obsoleta e caduca. Diante deste quadro político-ideológico, torna-se necessário resgatar a concepção de trabalho como base incontornável da vida social, bem como sua determinação como gerador de valor na economia capitalista.
This study has as its objective to analyze the process of actualization in the Brazilian labor laws, which started during Fernando Henrique Cardoso first term and is still taking place in the country today, in the form of a great diversity of bills and other initiatives that either have already changed or are intended to change the labor laws. It ‘s intended to investigate if these modifications – both the ones already accomplished and the ones in the project stage – are intended to institutionalize working practices that are already prevailing, checking the connections between this process and the demand for preserving the accumulation process that is made possible by raising the rates of profit and by increasing the exploration of the surplus value. Thereby it is possible to analyze if the current project of Labor Reform can be described as a legal adaptation to the capitalist productive restructuring that was a late process in Brazil and only took place from the 1990, which would mean a conformation to the capitalist demand. Therefore, it was necessary to make a conceptual investigation of the labor value theory and an analysis of a context distinguished by the neoliberal project and perceived as a suitable moment to make deep changes on work relations laws. Currently it is a common sense statement in Brazil that the Labor Reform is a necessity once we take into account the social and cultural transformations that have occurred in the last decades in the Brazilian society and that would make the Consolidation of the Labor Legislation outdated and obsolete. Considering this political and ideological context, it became necessary to recover the conception of labor as an inevitable basis of the social life as well as its quality as a value creator in a capitalist economy.
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Antonopoulou, Katerina. "Digital innovations with inherent uncertainties : from the justification of value to the articulation of a value proposition." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2015. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/77677/.
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The establishment of business models for digital technology innovations of uncertain market potential is often seen as challenging because of the difficulties in conceptualizing the value of such ventures. There is, however, limited empirical material on how digital entrepreneurs and innovators assess the emerging value of a novel digital technology in practice in the early stages of its development. This thesis, therefore, seeks to investigate how the value of digital innovations with inherent uncertainties about the lack of clearly determined use and addressable markets is justified and how a value proposition is articulated in an emergent way during the design and development process of such innovations, and the implications this has for dealing with the challenges of establishing a business model in such a setting. In particular, I aim to answer: (a) how do the actors involved in the development of digital innovations justify the value of their innovation, (b) how is the value proposition of digital technology innovation with indeterminate use and addressable market arrived at in the development of such innovations, and (c) how does an emergent value proposition contribute to more generally on the theorization and development of business models when there is lack of clear idea of the use and an addressable market. This doctoral research explores these issues through an in-depth study of two ‘serious games’ development companies that seek to develop digital games for businesses. I argue that through mutual adjustment and reconciliation of different value elements, clarity and stability is brought to the articulation of value proposition, which is crucial to the eventual development and drawing-up of a formal business model. The contributions I make namely are: (a) providing insights into a socioeconomic justification of value for digital innovations (b) conceptualizing how a value proposition is articulated, (c) providing new insights into the relationship between value proposition and business model, and (d) introducing a new theoretical approach to the study of value proposition and business model development drawing from the pragmatics of justification.
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Kirk, Jacqueline Louise. "Perceptions of value intertwined : the perceived value of Business in the Community's Corporate Responsibility Index : 'assemblages of worth' in evolution." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/53660/.
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In recent years there has been an increase in metrics and indices measuring corporate social responsibility (CSR) (SuatainAbility, 2010; IBE, 2013). In legitimating the premise of these metrics focus has centred on the effects of inclusion, either in regard to financial impact for the firm (Beurden and Gössling, 2008; Griffin and Mahon, 1997), validity in gaining and conveying legitimacy (Chatterji et al, 2007; Agle and Kelly, 2001; Font et al, 2012; Graafland et al, 2004), or social impact in promoting responsible business practices (Slager et al, 2010; Slager, 2012; Adam and Shavit, 2007; Scarlet and Kelly, 2009). Yet, arguably these tools are now institutionalised elements of CSR (Waddock, 2008), and thus focus is no longer centred on gaining legitimacy, but rather on retaining it, as they 'face the need to evolve ... in the context of the changing demands of constituents and environmental change' (Durand & McGuire, 2005, p.168). However, little is known about how these effects (financial, social and validity) impact the valuation dynamics associated with participation in these tools over time. This thesis aims to fill this gap by exploring processes of legitimation and critique of participation in Business in the Community's Corporate Responsibility Index (BiTC's CRI). Through the lens of Boltanski and Thévenot's economies of worth (2006), the thesis examines the 'orders of worth' drawn upon in legitimating and critiquing participation in the CRI over time. Methodology is abductive, with data and extant theory explored simultaneously so as to establish contributions through a mutually-informed comprehension of what the data is a 'case of' (Tavory & Timmermans, 2014, p.5). Research-theorising applies Peircean semiotics (Peirce, 1909), by which, extant literature and theorising are applied, tested, and either set aside from/or built-upon, when set against the data of the empirical case. Data collection is qualitative, consisting of observations (4 formal and numerous informal), interviews (68) and documentary analysis. The research ultimately draws on Boltanski and Thévenot's Economies of Worth (2006), and the notion of 'composite assemblages', developed further by Mailhot & Langley (2017), Gond et al (2017) and Taupin (2012). The thesis supports Taupin's (2012) suggestion; that a rating's legitimacy is based on a collection of 'moral worths' (p.529), and conceptualises this through the 'composite assemblage' advanced by (Mailhot & Langley, 2017). Analysis contributes to scholarly understanding of processes of legitimation, by unpacking the relative 'robustness' of an assemblage, to internal and external 'tests' of worth. In unpacking these processes, the thesis brings together theory from EW, 'substantive and symbolic CSR', materiality, risk, and boundary objects; to uncover a complex 'web' of dynamic central, and peripheral value assemblages, which BiTC staff and participating CR practitioners draw upon, in legitimating and critiquing participation in the CRI.
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Pradella, Lucia. "Mondializzazione e critica dell’economia politica alla luce della nuova edizione storico-critica degli scritti di Marx ed Engels (MEGA²)." Thesis, Paris 10, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA100041.
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La thèse présente une reconstruction de l’évolution de l’analyse marxienne de l’internationalisation du capital en lien avec les formations sociales précapitalistes, en se basant sur la nouvelle édition historico-critique des écrits de Marx et Engels, pour offrir les éléments d’une réflexion autour de l’actualité de l’œuvre de Marx, quant à l’analyse critique des processus actuels de mondialisation. Les deux premiers chapitres retracent l’évolution de l’analyse du marché mondial et de la mondialisation, du mercantilisme à l’économie politique classique et à Hegel. Le troisième chapitre identifie les éléments de rupture et de continuité de la critique marxienne au cours des années quarante du XIXème siècle. Le quatrième chapitre présente le contenu des cahiers londoniens, qui représentent une étape fondamentale de l’approfondissement de la mondialisation capitaliste, et qui marquent la fin de la vision passive des peuples non européens. Le cinquième chapitre présente enfin la synthèse que l’on retrouve de ces travaux dans les manuscrits et dans les œuvres de la deuxième moitié des années cinquante et dans les manuscrits de 1861-1863, et s’intéresse notamment au dépassement du concept de capital en général et au plan articulé en six ouvrages. Le premier livre du Capital inclurait certaines questions que Marx avait prévu de développer dans les ouvrages sur l’Etat, le commerce extérieur et le marché mondial. L’approfondissement des lois de développement combiné et inégal du capital lui a donné la possibilité d’échafauder une vision de la révolution internationale qui s’affranchisse progressivement des éléments encore « eurocentriques » de sa réflexion des années quaranteThis thesis studies the evolution of Marx's analysis of the internationalisation of capital in relation to pre-capitalistic social formations, drawing upon the new historical critical edition of Marx and Engels’ writings, with the aim of laying the foundation for establishing the relevance of their work to critical understanding of today’s processes of capitalist globalisation. The first two chapters follow the development of the analysis of the world market and globalisation from mercantilism to classical political economy and Hegel. The third chapter identifies the elements of discontinuity and continuity in Marx’s critique during the 1840s, while the fourth presents the content of Marx’s London Notebooks, showing that these represent a qualitative advance in his analysis of globalisation, in which he overcomes his previous vision of the passivity of non-European peoples. The fifth chapter presents the elaboration of these studies in the manuscripts and works in the second half of the 1850s and in the 1861-63 manuscripts, focussing in particular on his advance beyond the concept of capital in general and the six-book plan which corresponded to it. As a result, Capital Volume 1 integrated themes Marx originally intended for the projected volumes on state, foreign market and world market. The deepening of his understanding of the laws of capitalist uneven and combined development allowed him to articulate a vision of world revolution which overcame some of the “Eurocentric” elements still present in the 1840s
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Wing, Kathryn Elizabeth. "Nonprofit-business partnership : the social construction of value." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/51001/.
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The recent burgeoning of academic and practitioner interest in nonprofit-business partnership and other forms of cross-sector social partnership (CSSP) reflects their perceived importance as mechanisms for creating value, by addressing intractable social, economic and environmental problems (Austin & Seitanidi, 2012a; Le Ber & Branzei, 2010a; Porter & Kramer, 2011; Selsky & Parker, 2005). The literature identifies an emerging trend over the past few decades towards strategic nonprofit-business dyadic partnerships, whose stated aim is, at least in part, the creation of social value, alongside organizational value for the participating organizations (Seitanidi & Crane, 2009; Vock, Van Dolen & Kolk, 2013; Waddock, 1988). This research reconceptualizes value as a socially constructed, discursively constituted concept. It tracks the evolution of a time-limited dyadic nonprofit-business partnership between a credit card company and a young people’s charity in the United Kingdom, in real time. The empirical work commenced at the very outset of the PhD, progressing in tandem with the exploration of relevant literatures. The initial research question was intentionally broad, with sub-questions emerging inductively from the data analysis. The overarching research question is: “How do partners involved in nonprofit-business partnership construct value through their discourse?”. This positions the thesis to investigate how partnership talk functions, which is identified as an under-researched aspect of nonprofit-business partnership and other forms of CSSP. The particular perspective on discourse theory adopted for this thesis draws on the work of discursive psychologists, such as Potter and Wetherall (1987), but is also sensitized by post-structuralist ideas. It therefore recognizes the multiplicity of possible interpretations and questions conceptions of value which treat it as an objective concept, existing outside of discourse. It combines ethnographic techniques with discourse analysis, taking full advantage of the high level of pre-negotiated access to this case. This enables the detailed analysis of partnership talk to be integrated with an ethnographic sensitivity to context. This research opens up the ‘black box’ of partnership talk to reveal the micro-level discursive practices through which the partners deploy their communicative skills to construct the value of the partnership. In this thesis, partnership talk is found to be characteristically both collaborative (as opposed to competitive) and asymmetrical (in terms of its structure). However, where the partners engage in joint planning activity and the funding relationship is not salient, the talk becomes more symmetrical, with both partners contributing to the dialogue on a more equal basis, thus more conducive to the co-creation of value. The findings capture discursive practices involved in aligning for value, building value and affirming value in collaborative partnership talk. Where the partnership talk becomes misaligned, for example, where tensions or sensitivities arise, the partners employ various discursive practices to defend and repair the value of the partnership and to avoid overt conflict. A key contribution of this research is a multi-level Value Construction Model, which is grounded in the close analysis of partnership talk. This is not a positivistic or prescriptive model, but rather a descriptive and explanatory model, based on patterns discovered inductively in partnership talk data and recognising the diversity of cases and research settings and the complexity of multi-party partnership talk.
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Svensson, Bengt. "Seven Years That Shook Economic and Social Thinking : Reflections on the Revolution in Communist Economics 1985-1991." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Ekonomisk-historiska institutionen, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-8353.
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The main theme of this study is to analyze the Soviet economic theoretical debate in the period 1985 – 1991. This period of reconstruction gave possibilities of a more free debate. In the period up to 1989/90 the directive from the Central Committee of the Communist Party was to defend the socialist economic system and its supremacy over market economics. However, certain market economic ideas were deemed as functioning methods also in a planned economic system. One of the conclusions in this thesis is that the Soviet economists failed to solve some central theoretical problems in the Soviet economy and as consequence their thinking failed to have a stabilizing effect on the socialist economic theory. The Achilles heel was how to apply the labour theory of value on a planned economy. In 1990 and 1991 the discussion was very free and now a transition to market economy was accepted by the economists. The main issue between the Soviet economists became now whether a gradual transition to market economy was to be preferred to shock therapy. The majority of the economists recommended a gradual transition. Scholars have emphasized that old stationary structures are important in Russian and Soviet history. A conclusion in this thesis is that such structures seemed to have played a role in Soviet and Russian theoretical thinking in the period 1985 – 1991.