Academic literature on the topic 'Labour process theory'
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Journal articles on the topic "Labour process theory"
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Elger, Tony, David Knights, and Hugh Willmott. "Labour Process Theory." British Journal of Sociology 44, no. 3 (September 1993): 555. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/591838.
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Hill, Steven, David Knights, and Hugh Willmott. "Labour Process Theory." Contemporary Sociology 20, no. 4 (July 1991): 555. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2071804.
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Reddy, Raghunandan, Arun Kumar Sharma, and Munmun Jha. "Gendered labour process." International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 39, no. 9/10 (September 9, 2019): 831–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijssp-07-2019-0144.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine perspective of “gendered labour process” to explore the aspectsof managerialism, which utilize gender as a control measure to achieve its ends. The paper seeks to integrate gender and labour process theory and contribute to studies on gendering of organizations that focus on organization logic as well as integrated studies of labour process theory and gender. Design/methodology/approach The paper utilizes thematic analysis as the method for analysing the interviews of senior managers in an information technology service organization in India, to identify managerial ideologies and practices. Findings A gendered labour process perspective could reveal the institutional orders that systemically discriminate or exclude women in organizations, rather than gender ideologies alone. Practical implications Rather than focussing on gender sensitization alone, as is the case with the gender diversity initiatives, it may be fruitful to revisit work design and work organization, to identify and implement changes, so that women’s marginalization and exclusion from certain workplaces could be minimized. Social implications A view of gendered labour process could aid public policies aimed at enabling women to continue their employment without disruptions. Originality/value The paper attempted to integrate gender and labour process theory by delineating the organization logic that deploys gender as a means of managerial control.
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Rowlinson, Michael, and John Hassard. "Economics, Politics, and Labour Process Theory." Capital & Class 18, no. 2 (July 1994): 65–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030981689405300104.
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Gandini, Alessandro. "Labour process theory and the gig economy." Human Relations 72, no. 6 (September 18, 2018): 1039–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018726718790002.
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What are the distinctive traits that characterize work(ing) through (and for) a digital platform? In the burgeoning debate on the ‘gig economy’, a critical examination that comprehensively addresses this issue beyond specific examples or case studies is currently missing. This article uses labour process theory – an important Marxist approach in the study of relations of production in industrial capitalism – to address this gap. Supported by empirical illustrations from existing research, the article discusses the notions of ‘point of production’, emotional labour and control in the gig economy to argue that labour process theory offers a unique set of tools to expand our understanding of the way in which labour power comes to be transformed into a commodity in a context where the encounter between supply and demand of work is mediated by a digital platform, and where feedback, ranking and rating systems serve purposes of managerialization and monitoring of workers.
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Cardenas-Garcia, Jaime F., Bruno Soria de Mesa, and Diego Romero Castro. "The Information Process and the Labour Process in the Information Age." tripleC: Communication, Capitalism & Critique. Open Access Journal for a Global Sustainable Information Society 15, no. 2 (July 10, 2017): 663–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.31269/triplec.v15i2.831.
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This paper examines how information fundamentally influences the labour process in the information age. The process of becoming human in the labour process brings to the fore the notion of information and our dialectical interactions with our natural environment as organisms-in-the-environment. These insights lead the authors to posit that information/ideas are material. Information/ideas are not ethereal/immaterial, as is commonly believed, which does not negate that information/ideas may be abstract. Taking a fundamental approach serves to discard the concept of immaterial labour and products, to posit an undeniable materialist basis for the labour theory of value. More importantly, it serves to point to the immanence of information and labour in the labour theory of value.
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Adler, Paul S. "Marx, Socialization and Labour Process Theory: A Rejoinder." Organization Studies 28, no. 9 (September 2007): 1387–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0170840607080748.
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Knafo, Samuel. "Political Marxism and Value Theory: Bridging the Gap between Theory and History." Historical Materialism 15, no. 2 (2007): 75–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156920607x192084.
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AbstractThis article proposes a reading of value theory firmly entrenched in the historicist framework of political Marxism; one which gives precedence to social relations and historical development over abstract logic and formal models. It argues that Marx's theory of value can be read as elucidating how social norms are being unwittingly created under capitalism by contrast with precapitalist societies. The article is divided into two sections. The first examines the two main ways in which value is considered within Marxism and highlights the problems that can emerge when taking into account the issue of the specificity of capitalism. The second section offers an alternative formulation of value theory grounded in the notion of alienation. This leads to the conclusion that the idea that value is shaped by labour refers to a political fact about decisions concerning the organisation of the labour process, rather than an economic fact about the expenditure of labour in the process of production. Value reflects the class struggles over the labour process and the norms that govern social life, rather than an embodied quantity of socially necessary labour-time expended within the labour process.
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Mraović, Branka. "Labour process theory and critical accounting: Conceptualising managerial control." Corporate Ownership and Control 2, no. 2 (2005): 48–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv2i2p5.
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This paper examines the need to limit managerial control in the corporate world, by using the contribution of the labour process theory and critical accounting, in which the theoretical complementarity of these two scientific disciplines is pointed out. Neither labour process nor accounting are mere technical phenomena, but should be placed in the totality of social relations, which means the context of alienating effects of the capitalist mode of production. Relying on the works by Braverman, Tinker and Thompson, this paper is the introduction to an interdisciplinary methodology based on Marx’s labour theory of value, and its goal is to provide a guide for working-class action to change society.
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Davies, Scott. "Inserting Gender into Burawoy's Theory of the Labour Process." Work, Employment and Society 4, no. 3 (September 1990): 391–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0950017090004003005.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Labour process theory"
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Gordon, Richard Douglas. "Explanation and prediction in the labour process theory." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30583.
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The view that large-scale, long-range social theories cannot be predictive other than "in principle" is sufficiently widespread as to be considered the orthodox view. It is widely held that, lacking this predictive quality, social theories are cut off from a crucial form of vindication enjoyed by the experimental sciences. Thus many would agree with Ryan's assessment that while with regard to large-scale social changes "long-range prediction is not in principle impossible," nonetheless as a matter of practical methodology such a goal is of "dubious value."
The reason commonly proffered as to why social theories cannot be predictive is the causal complexity of social life. Because of this feature, it is held, while we may be able to unearth interesting social generalizations, we will not be able to predict the many initial conditions together with which they predict. Alternately, due to this complexity we are able to achieve no better than tendency laws which do not permit predictions of sufficient precision to allow for predictive testing. This has been held to be true for other causally complex fields as well. Thus, Scriven has argued that Darwin was "the paradigm of the explanatory but non-predictive scientist" due to the constraints imposed on his methodology by the causal complexity of the biosphere.
As a result of both an uncritical acceptance of the orthodox view and an
inadequate analysis of Marx's methodology, Daniel Little has argued that Marxian theory is non-predictive. However, a thorough analysis of Marx's labour process theory shows it to be both clearly predictive and subject to justification by predictive assessment. Moreover, a formalization of the theory indicates that available data confirm it as regards both its central hypothesis and the matrix of social causation it exhibits.
Little's position in regard to Marxian theory is strongly similar to Scriven's in regard to Darwinian theory. In both cases, faulty theoretical presuppositions combine with inadequate analysis to buttress false conclusions as to the asymmetry of explanation and prediction. Adequate analysis dispels Little's and Scriven's conclusions and exhibits important methodological parallels between Marx and Darwin.Arts, Faculty of
Philosophy, Department of
Graduate
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Piotrowski, Mateusz Aleksander. "Process of capital/process of labour : cryptotheologies of judgement, time and nature in the dominant economics/economy." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/43703/.
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The main argument of the thesis is that the dominant form of economics and correlative form of economy - despite its apparently secular character - contains an inherently cryptotheological dimension. A theological analysis exposes the dominant economics/economy as an instance of ‘law’ understood (after saint Paul Franz Kafka and Walter Benjamin) as a process engaging the subject into an infinite endeavour of justifying oneself by one’s own works. Within the framework of the dominant economics/economy, all labour is formalised as steaming from lack and unrest and the final end of action is formalised as non-action. Therefore peace can only be conceptualised as a perfect lack of action (viz. death). As a consequence death itself becomes the final end, that cannot be achieved as long as the subject lives. The analysis is based on a close-reading of the works prominent economists, focusing on the exponents of the Austrian School - Mises and Hayek - who as I try to prove, express the theological prejudgements of the dominant economics/economy in the most radical and philosophically stimulating manner. The thesis is also a polemic with these critics of the dominant economics/economy who state that it could be effectively criticised for being simply anti-natural, atemporal and value-free science/practice. My point is that a viable critique of the dominant mode of economic acting and thinking cannot be constructed, unless the fact that the hegemonic economic model actually makes use of the concepts of time, judgement and nature is taken into consideration. Only when the way the dominant economics/economy uses the concepts of economy as natural environment, economics as an art of allocation of time and as a value-saturated theory - elaboration of alternatives (including an alternative formalisation of productive labour) might become possible.
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com, coble-neal@bigpond, and Fiona Elaine Coble-Neal. "Post-compulsory curriculum reform and teachers' work: A critical policy ethnography in a Western Australian State Secondary school." Murdoch University, 2008. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20091117.130012.
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This thesis set out to examine how teachers understand, experience and respond to mandated curriculum reforms in English in years 11 and 12 at a Senior High School in Western Australia over the period 2004 2005. The time period is significant as it is a halfway point between the commencement of the new policy driving reform of senior secondary education and the partial settlement of the policy and curriculum reform. The research is conceptualised using labour process theory as a means of analysing how teachers are being separated from their intellectual work throughout this curriculum reform process. The methodology chosen to inform this research is a dual approach using critical ethnography of lived individual experiences and critical policy ethnography to analyse the changing landscape of education policy in Australia. This dual approach offers a system level of understanding of mandated curriculum reform with an emphasis on the individual experience of expert teachers implementing the contested curriculum reform.
Several central themes emerged over the course of the research: growing deprofessionalisation of teachers work; intensification of workload and curriculum creation; technocratisation of teacher roles; diminishing autonomy, increased accountability and responsibility; and heightened external surveillance and control. Significantly, the data also captured and analysed in this research demonstrates how teachers are continually experiencing the processes of reprofessionalisation as a consequence of sustained critical reflective practice and the imposition of mandated curriculum reform. The data also relates the need for an authentic consultation between teachers and policy makers/government authorities in order for curriculum reform to be successfully established and taken up in secondary State schools. The processes of reprofessionalisation are a source of continued professional renewal and reinvigoration for the teachers involved.
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Markskog, David. "Vi i individualismens samhälle? : En studie över fackföreningsorganisationens ställning i det individualistiska samhället." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för statsvetenskap (ST), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-44511.
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In Sweden, the labour movement historically had influenced both society and politics. In recent times, it is considered a change in society with a stronger employer party while the unions weakened by reduced unionisation. This study aims to highlight the presence of individualistic and collectivistic approaches to the labour market in relation to union density. The different approaches are investigated in the labour market by means of a quantitative survey. The study's survey items are workers in the timber industry. The study results indicate that the study's workers union level corresponding national average. The decline in union membership also includes the study workers. The study results also show that younger workers are less susceptible to join unions. The results do not reject the existence of individualistic approach, but demonstrates predominantly collectivistic approach among the study's workers. The study results can be understood from the trade organization's historically strong position in the industry. The employees' strong collective approach emphasizes the union's continued relevance to the labour market.
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Khumalo, Sibonile Linda. "News as a commodity vs. news as a public good : adaptation strategies of South African Newspapers in the Digital Era." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/41807.
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Drawing on labour process theory and Bourdieu’s field theory, this study explores the challenges that newspapers face in maintaining their relevance to readers in an age where news has been de-commoditised and made readily available on the web. Empirically the study is based on four case studies of incidents where different newspapers were reported to the Press Ombudsman for inaccurate reporting in recent years. In-depth interviews were conducted with key informants from the selected cases. In addition to that, a key informant from the office of the Press Ombudsman was also interviewed to provide further insight into the effectiveness of the Press Code in regulating accuracy in news reporting as well as the challenges that newspapers are faced with in that regard. It is argued that the digitalisation of media increases the tension between the production of news as a public good vs. its delivery as a commodity that has to ensure profit. Media is an essential pillar of democratic South Africa as it provides news to ensure that citizens are informed about issues that concern them and have the ability to make decisions on matters of concern – i.e. a public good. It is therefore crucial that news be reported in an accurate and professional manner adhering to the standards set by the Press Code. Newspapers are faced with the challenge of ensuring a balance between producing news that is accurate and adheres to the set standards outlined in the Press Code while also ensuring that they remain profitable – i.e. news as a commodity. The findings from this study illustrate that all errors are not due to commercial pressure and that newspapers therefore still have room to manoeuvre, put differently, there is room for agency. This implies that newspapers have to come up with strategies to continue to produce news effectively and attempt to avoid errors in news reporting. As is shown, in some instances quality of news can be compromised in the long run, as in the case of sensationalising news stories and headlines. When news is sensationalised, it is reported in an exaggerated manner and this may result in the accuracy of the news story or headline being lost. Pressures existent in the process of news production in addition to inadequate training and inadequately verifying information from news sources were found as some of the challenges in journalists’ and/or editors failures to appropriately apply the Press Code in news reporting. Failure to adhere to and appropriately apply the Press Code results in inaccurate news reporting by newspapers.Dissertation (MSocSci)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
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Bergman, Blix Stina. "Rehearsing Emotions : The Process of Creating a Role for the Stage." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-41021.
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This thesis takes as its starting point the dramaturgical metaphor of the world as a stage, which is used in sociological role theories. These theories often presume what stage acting is about in order to use it as a simile for every day acting. My intention is to investigate how stage actors actually work with their roles, in particular how they work with emotions, and how it affects their private emotions. The thesis draws on participant observation and interviews with actors during the rehearsal phase of two productions at a large theatre in Sweden. The results show that the inhabiting of a role for the stage is more difficult and painstaking than has been assumed in role theories so far. Shame and insecurity are common, particularly in the start up phase of the rehearsals. Interestingly, these emotions do not disappear with growing experience, but instead become recognized and accepted as part of the work process. The primary focus is the interplay between the actors' experience and expression of emotions, often described in terms of surface and deep acting, concepts which are elaborated and put into a process perspective. Analysis of the rehearsal process revealed that actors gradually decouple the privately derived emotional experiences that they use to find their way into their characters from the emotions that they express on the stage. Thus private experiences are converted to professional emotional experiences and expressions, triggered by situational cues. When the experience has been expressed the physical manifestation can be repeated with a weaker base in a simultaneous experience, since the body remembers the expression. It is important though, that the emotional expression is not completely decoupled from a concomitant experience; then the expression looses its vitality. The ability to professionalize emotions makes the transitions in and out of emotions less strenuous but can infiltrate and cause problems in the actors' intimate relations.
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Dwarkasing, Chandni. "Essays on Ecological Economics and The Metabolic Rift Theory." Doctoral thesis, Università di Siena, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11365/1144470.
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Ecological disruptions such as climate change, pollution, waste build-up and rapid biodiversity loss are generally seen as the result of human activity; economically, socially and culturally determined. When it comes to the economy, heterodox macroeconomic tools and models are becoming prominent. They provide assessments and scenarios which focus on the complex interactions between the economy and carbon emissions as well as the potential impact of climate policies on both the economy and climate change itself. At the same time, we witness the increasing recognition of the incompatibility between capitalism as a socio-economic system and ecological restoration among non-economic scholars. But the specific theories that criticize the ecological consequences of capitalism from a Marxist vantage point have yet to formally manifest themselves in the field of Economics, all whilst the opportunity to do so is fairly imaginable.
This dissertation provides an introduction to the modern synthesis between Marx and Ecology. It discusses its historical on-set in the second half of the nineteenth century and highlights its key-theoretical concepts: the metabolic rift theory and the ecological surplus. One of the reasons behind the absence of the metabolic rift theory Ecological Economics is related to the asserted incompatibility between Marx and Ecology in the 1980s. By providing some insights that counter these accusations the dissertation sheds light on the conceivable benefit of these considerations in the realm of Ecological Economics. The main result of this dissertation is the formalization of the metabolic rift theory such as to provide the field of Ecological Economics with a more complete approach to the representation of economy-ecology configurations. Before laying out an alternative, the status-quo of current mathematical formalization practices in the field of Ecological Economics is discussed and reinterpreted by means of Marx’s labour process theory and the distinction between appropriated and capitalized contributions to production processes. The proposed alternative to the formal representation of economy-ecology configurations draws on methods belonging to social metabolism studies (MuSIASEM) and the neo-Ricardian surplus approach.
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Lange, Jérôme. "Population growth, the settlement process and economic progress : Adam Smith's theory of demo-economic development." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01E039/document.
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La population - en son sens originel de processus de peuplement - est un sujet étonnamment absent de l'énorme volume d’études sur Adam Smith. Ce thème était au centre de la philosophie morale et de l'économie politique du 18e siècle, les deux domaines auxquels les contributions de Smith sont les plus connues. Son importance dans l’œuvre de Smith a été obscurcie au 20e siècle par une focalisation étroite sur les questions économiques dans la littérature secondaire. Pour une analyse intégrale de son œuvre, il est essentiel que la place centrale du peuplement soit révélée. Trois thèmes aujourd'hui considérés comme essentiels au projet de Smith sont ainsi intimement liés à la population : le lien entre division du travail et étendue du marché ; la théorie des quatre stades du progrès de la société ; et le lien entre développement rural et urbain, lui-même au centre du plaidoyer de Smith pour la liberté du commerce. Le marché est un concept aujourd'hui assimilé au fonctionnement du système économique capitaliste ; pour Smith, il décrivait la faculté de commercer, aux vecteurs essentiellement démographiques et géographiques. Le progrès de la société est à la fois cause et effet de la croissance de la population. En son sein se trouve l'interrelation symbiotique entre le développement rural et urbain que Smith appelait le «progrès naturel de l'opulence». Adopter l’optique smithienne plutôt que néo-malthusienne dans l'examen des dynamiques de population et de développement - y compris l'analyse de la transition démographique - conduit alors à une reconsidération fondamentale des interactions causales entre mortalité, fécondité, richesse et variables institutionnellesPopulation - in its original sense of the process of peopling - is a topic surprisingly absent from the huge volume of scholarship on Adam Smith. This topic was central to 18th century moral philosophy and political economy, the two fields Smith most famously contributed to. Its importance in Smith’s work was obscured in the 20th century by a narrow focus on economic matters in the secondary literature. For an undivided analysis of Smith’s oeuvre it is crucial that the central position of the peopling process be brought to light. Three topics that are today recognised as essential to Smith’s project are thus intimately connected to population: the relation between the division of labour and the extent of the market; the stadial theory of progress; and the link between the development of town and country, itself central to Smith’s advocacy of the freedom of trade. The market is a concept read today through an institutional lens linking it to the functioning of the capitalist economic system; Smith conceived of it as facility for trade, with essentially demographic and geographic vectors. The progress of society is both cause and effect of the growth of population. At its core is the symbiotic interrelationship between rural and urban development that Smith called the “natural progress of opulence”. In turn, looking at dynamics of population and development - including the analysis of the demographic transition - through a Smithian rather than a neo-Malthusian lens leads to a fundamental reconsideration of causal interactions between mortality, fertility, wealth and institutional variables
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Ellis, Vaughan. "From commitment to control : a labour process study of workers' experiences of the transition from clerical to call centre work at British Gas." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/369.
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Despite their continuing importance to the UK economy and their employment of significant numbers of workers from a range of professions, the utilities have received scant attention from critical scholars of work. This neglect represents a missed opportunity to examine the impact of nearly twenty years of privatisation and marketisation on workers, their jobs and their unions. This thesis aims to make a contribution to knowledge here by investigating, contextualising and explaining changes in the labour processes of a privatised utility in the United Kingdom. The research is informed by oral history methods and techniques, rarely adopted in industrial sociology, and here used alongside labour process theory to reconstruct past experiences of work. Drawing on qualitative data sets, from in-depth interviews with a cohort of employees who worked continuously over three decades at the research site, British Gas’s Granton House, and on extensive company and trade union documentary evidence the research demonstrates how British Gas responded to restrictive regulation and the need to deliver shareholder value by transforming pre-existing forms of work organisation through introducing call centres. The call centre provided the opportunity for management to regain control over the labour process, intensify work and reduce costs. In doing so, the study identifies the principal drivers of organisational change, documents the process of change evaluates the impact on workers’ experience. Thus, as a corrective to much recent labour process theory the research offers both an ‘objective’ and ‘subjective’ account of change over an extended time. The contrast between workers’ experience of working in the clerical departments and in the call centre could not be starker. Almost every element of work from which workers derived satisfaction and purpose was abruptly dismantled. In their place workers had to endure the restrictive and controlling nature of call centre work. The relative absence of resistance to such a transformation is shown to be a consequence of failures in collective organisation, rather than the totalisation of managerial control, as the postmodernists and Foucauldians would have it.
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Hansson, Lars. "Slakt i takt : Klassformering vid de bondekooperativa slakterierna i Skåne 1908-1946." Doctoral thesis, Växjö universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-397.
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From the begiining of the 20th century producer co-operative bacon factories were established in the south of Sweden. In his thesis Lars Hansson studies how class relations were shaped and transformed within this rural industry. The producer co-operative slaughter associations consisted of a large number of members from smallholders to large scale agrarian producers. The power of the associations was concentrated in the hands of the big producers, but the manangers also had a considerable power, due to their expert knowledge of the buisness and the bacon markets in U.K. The workers of the producer co-operative slaughter houses were mostly unskilled workers, with little or no knowledge of butchering. From the 1910’s the workers unionized but their organisation was not accepted by the employers and harsh labour disputes took place during the 1920’s. From the 1930’s the farmers producer co-operative movement grew all over Sweden and they formed a political alliance with the Social democratic Party. The Swedish labour market became more peaceful as the employers and the unions began to co-operate to a greater extent. The Food Workers Union was more and more integrated in the Swedish society and thereby lost its earlier antisystemic character and were more and more transformed into a systemic movement. The slaughter house workers union had a distinct patriarchal characters from its start and its attitude towards women workers was ambivalent. During WWII, however, the attitude changed and more women were active in class practice in order to improve their situation.
Books on the topic "Labour process theory"
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Knights, David, and Hugh Willmott, eds. Labour Process Theory. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-20466-3.
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David, Knights, and Willmott Hugh, eds. Labour process theory. Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1990.
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Working life: Renewing labour process analysis. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010.
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Jones, Ossie. Subjectivity and the labour process: A critical examination of critical theory. Leicester: Leicester University Management Centre, 1994.
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Friedman, Andrew. Managerial strategies, activities, techniques and technology: Towards acomplex theory of the labour process. [s.l.]: [s.n.], 1985.
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Zee, Harry van der. Miasms in Labour: A revision of the homoeopathic theory of the miasms : a process towards health. Utrecht, The Netherlands: Stichting Alonnissos, 2000.
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Harriet, Bradley, ed. Myths at work. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press, 2000.
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Ayres, Robert U. Manufacturing and human labor as information processes. Laxenburg, Austria: International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, 1987.
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Gayvoronskiy, Konstantin, M. A. Nikolaeva, and tehnicheskih doktor. Labor protection in public catering and trade. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1817478.
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The textbook discusses the principles of safety, dangerous and harmful factors of the production environment and the labor process, the nature of their impact on the human body and the principles of rationing acceptable levels of exposure. The issues of ensuring the safety of service personnel during various technological processes and the operation of equipment at public catering and trade enterprises are highlighted. Information on labor legislation and the organization of labor protection work at enterprises is provided.
Complies with the federal state educational standards of secondary vocational education of the latest generation.
It is intended for students of educational institutions of secondary vocational education studying in the specialties 19.02.10 "Technology of public catering products (qualification of technician-technologist)", 38.02.05 "Commodity science and quality examination of consumer goods (qualification of commodity expert)", 38.02.04 "Commerce (by industry)". It can be used in the development of interdisciplinary courses included in the professional cycle of professions "Cook, pastry chef, baker, salesman, controller-cashier".
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SAVEL'EVA, Ekaterina, Anna Fedchenko, and Ol'ga Gegechkori. Fundamentals of labor organization in digital ecosystems. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1063619.
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The textbook comprehensively presents the regularities of the formation of the theory and practice of labor organization in digital ecosystems. The key issues of digital labor organization are considered: development and implementation of project-network forms of division and cooperation of labor; design of optimal labor processes based on modern information and communication technologies; formation of rational labor mobility and labor flows; development and implementation of sound norms and rules in the field of digital labor; training of labor agents to work in the digital space; creation of balanced remuneration systems, recruitment and retention of labor agents, etc. Methodological principles of digital labor organization are highlighted, as well as approaches for studying and solving theoretical and practical issues of modern labor organization.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
For students studying in the areas of training 38.03.03 "Personnel Management", 38.03.02 "Management", 38.03.01 "Economics", studying labor organization issues, as well as project managers, HR specialists, labor organization engineers, ergonomists, production coordinators in distributed communities, community development program coordinators, course students, graduate students, teachers.
Book chapters on the topic "Labour process theory"
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Wardell, Mark. "Labour and Labour Process." In Labour Process Theory, 153–76. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-20466-3_5.
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Knights, David, and Hugh Willmott. "Introduction." In Labour Process Theory, 1–45. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-20466-3_1.
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Knights, David. "Subjectivity, Power and the Labour Process." In Labour Process Theory, 297–335. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-20466-3_10.
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Willmott, Hugh. "Subjectivity and the Dialectics of Praxis: Opening up the Core of Labour Process Analysis." In Labour Process Theory, 336–78. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-20466-3_11.
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Littler, Craig R. "The Labour Process Debate: A Theoretical Review 1974–88." In Labour Process Theory, 46–94. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-20466-3_2.
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Thompson, Paul. "Crawling from the Wreckage: The Labour Process and the Politics of Production." In Labour Process Theory, 95–124. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-20466-3_3.
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Edwards, P. K. "Understanding Conflict in the Labour Process: The Logic and Autonomy of Struggle." In Labour Process Theory, 125–52. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-20466-3_4.
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Friedman, Andrew. "Managerial Strategies, Activities, Techniques and Technology: Towards a Complex Theory of the Labour Process." In Labour Process Theory, 177–208. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-20466-3_6.
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Strinati, Dominic. "A Ghost in the Machine?: The State and the Labour Process in Theory and Practice." In Labour Process Theory, 209–43. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-20466-3_7.
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West, Jackie. "Gender and the Labour Process: A Reassessment." In Labour Process Theory, 244–73. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-20466-3_8.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Labour process theory"
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Şerban, Octavian. "From Endogenous Growth Theory to Knowledge Economy Pyramid - Comparative Analysis of Knowledge as an Endogenous Factor of Development." In International Conference Innovative Business Management & Global Entrepreneurship. LUMEN Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/lumproc/ibmage2020/09.
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The transition from the neoclassical model with exogenous input of technological progress perspective toward R&D model with endogenous growth of knowledge perspective is not completed, but the premises of innovation, research, education, and entrepreneurship push the limits of labour-intensive economy to knowledge-intensive economy, where knowledge is a valuable resource for sustainable growth in the long-run and the role of Intellectual Capital is critical for increasing productivity and competitiveness. By introducing Intellectual Capital in the endogenous growth model, instead of Human Capital, we have the possibility to reflect better the difference between the market value of production and physical value. In the technological era, innovation and research are able to increase the market value comparing with the accounting value. In the 4th Industrial Revolution, this model is able to be changed dramatically if we take into account the possibility of machines to create knowledge through Artificial Intelligence, Internet of Things, new biotechnologies, new materials, and nanotechnology. For this reason, the more important action for the economic processes is to manage knowledge, starting with increased awareness, accurate measurement system, improved taxonomy, dedicated processes, and so on. In such conditions, the equation of growth theory has to be rewritten soon. The purpose of this research is not to provide a silver bullet of measurement Total Factor Productivity (TFP), but to understand better the part of productivity dedicated to the intangible and to validate this approach within the KEP model. Knowledge Economy Pyramid (KEP) is a valuable environment for incubating and accelerate knowledge in the process, as long as KEP model is creating a collaborative environment where the related stakeholders – universities, factories, technology providers, government, administration, local communities, clusters – are working together in order to achieve the objective of increasing productivity and competitiveness.
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SUKHAREV, Oleg, and Vladimir CHAPLYGIN. "ECONOMIC POLICY OF GROWTH: SELECTION OF INSTITUTES AND TECHNOLOGICAL MODELS OF DEVELOPMENT." In Contemporary Issues in Business, Management and Economics Engineering. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/cibmee.2019.006.
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Purpose – to study the possibilities of institutional theory to establish a modern theory of economic growth, including the factors of institutions and technologies changes. These factors are a set of rules with high coercive force to the agents’ action form a particular mode/model of their adaptation, together with other institutions. Research Methodology – the neoclassical models of economic growth, which may include institutional factors and to study their impact on the growth and change of the factors, into the business practice are applied. The key scientific problem is to choose the right market Institute for a proper way of technological development. The authors use the micro-level analysis of the agents and institutions’ interaction in the process of new technologies appearance. Morphological and taxonomic analysis in order to highlight the models of technological development and economic growth had been applied. Findings – the research results may enrich an economic theory and practice in the area of business models applicability. The findings may assist a business community to influence the general technological development within the national institutional systems. Research limitations – due to the fact that different institutions, structures and technologies act on the economic dynamics at the same time, separating their influence is an independent scientific problem that is not solved in all cases. However, the set of considered institutional factors forms and provides a kind of “manufacturability” of economic growth. Practical implications – the so-called institutional macroeconomics as a practical discipline (which has a very close connection with behavioural macroeconomics) may assist to explore the economic growth from the point of view of changing institutions (firms, business community), labour markets and information – technical and technological changes. Originality/Value – the value of the research consists in the systematization of institutional factors affecting the economic growth, conducting a morphological structural analysis of growth types, which allow identifying eight main growth trajectories in business activity.
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Popa, Roxana gabriela. "MODERN TEACHING STRATEGIES USED IN MODERN TEACHING OF THE SUBJECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION." In eLSE 2013. Carol I National Defence University Publishing House, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-13-027.
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The reforms in education are determinated by the requirements of the socio-economical development adapted to the labour market, the existing possibilities, the economical conditions, the development of education sciences and educational policy and to the managerial skills in the field of education. Teachers need to be appropiate and adapted to the needs of society and to the learners, and to have basic behaviors specific to the learning- educational activity. The course and laboratory activities must have the role of presenting the ways of inciting of interest and curiosity for the studied disciplines and of opening new communication channels. The new didactics of cognitivist type, the didactics of learning specific intellect capabilities or that based on the multiple intelligence theory represent large leaps in the field of teaching. The new content of the learning can no longer be developed within the limits of the traditional learning practice, producing the transformation of the teachers in the designing curriculum specialists. The work presents aspects regarding the active and interactive learning, the interactive teaching-learning methods and their importance in the study of environmental protection disciplines. The modern didactics places the student at the center of the learning process, participating to the own training, and the teacher has the role of design, organize, lead and correct the work itself, in order to develop the intelligence and the learning of the appropiate conduct. The modern methods: the lecture, the teaching demonstration, the problem-solving, the experiment, the brainstorming, the double entry journal, the SINELG, the gallery tour, the cube, the snowball, the mosaic, are considered relevant in making the education reform, to place the student at the center of the learning process. For each method are presented examples in the study of the environmental disciplines.
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Gajadhar, Jeselle, Aneil Ramkhalawan, and Jorrel Bisnath. "A TIME STUDY OF THE PASTELLE MAKING PROCESS: AN INVESTIGATION AIMED AT REDUCING LABOUR AND TIME." In International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering & Technology (IConETech-2020). Faculty of Engineering, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47412/yxfh8312.
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Pastelles are a seasonal staple enjoyed primarily at Christmas time by Trinidadians. At present, pastelle production is limited to home cooks for personal consumption and/or low volume sales (output of 6 to 20 dozens based on demand) as well as established catering companies whose output goes up to the hundreds of dozens. Regardless of the production scale, pastelle making has been a manual process involving long hours and laborious repetitive tasks to achieve the output. The ultimate goal is to design, build and test a prototype to assist pastelle producers with their output. For this project, a time study of the processes involved was conducted by timing a few different pastelle makers to identify the average time taken for the various processes involved. From this study, it was determined that a powered press would assist the pastelle maker by reducing their effort and increase their consistency of the pressed dough. The mechanized pastelle press was created with a folding plate. User testing showed that the production time of pastelles increased, but there was a decrease in the energy input on pastelle makers. Hence, they could have made more pastelles by using the mechanism by reducing their energy input to manually press the dough. The folding plate also increased the folding time required to seal the pastelle. The results also showed that the production time reduced for two users, as their user time increased with the mechanized pastelle press. Hence, as their learning curve increased with the machine their production time reduced.
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Trenovski, Borce, Kristijan Kozeski, and Gunter Merdzan. "THE LINK BETWEEN PRODUCTIVITY AND LABOUR SHARE – THE CASE OF NORTH MACEDONIA AND SLOVENIA." In Economic and Business Trends Shaping the Future. Ss Cyril and Methodius University, Faculty of Economics-Skopje, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47063/ebtsf.2020.0020.
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The large divergence between productivity and workers’ incomes has been becoming a reality in most countries, not just in the United States after 1980s, where labour productivity grew faster than real wages and employment. The breakdown according to Brynjolfsson and McAfee (2014) is due to technological progress, according to Bivens and Mishel (2015) the growing inequality and according to Baker (2007) the declining labour share in GDP. The main goal of this paper is to find out if the global trend of “The Great Decoupling” between productivity and labour share is a real process in the case of the countries analyzed from the Southeast Europe region. Given that Slovenia is among the most developed countries, while North Macedonia belongs to the group of developing countries that in these stages of development rely on foreign capital and cheap labour, we examine whether the process of “The Great Decoupling” between productivity and labour share is a reality in both countries. From the analysis of the trend of the movement of the average labour productivity of these two countries, it can be concluded that in both countries there is a trajectory of the movement of the labour productivity. Also, from the trend of the movement of the share of labour income and labour productivity in the case of Slovenia and North Macedonia it can be concluded that they indicate the existence of a large gap, i.e. divergence in the trajectory of motion. Also, the gap between labour productivity and the share of labour income in GDP on the example of North Macedonia, if compared to the example of Slovenia is of lower intensity. Finally, based on the results obtained from the conducted econometric analysis, we determine whether there is a need for further research or the phenomenon is a temporary deviation in the dynamics of the gap between labour share and labour productivity.
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"Engaging Maritime Students in Lifelong Learning as Teacher’s Prime Mission [Abstract]." In InSITE 2019: Informing Science + IT Education Conferences: Jerusalem. Informing Science Institute, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/4245.
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Aim/Purpose: The present research is devoted to teaching and training students in marine institutions of higher education including navigators that given the dynamic development of the maritime industry should still be in the early stages of education involved by teacher to lifelong learning and be able to teach others. Background: The rapid development of the marine industry, modern ship technical equipment, the constant tightening of requirements for ship owners in the environmental protection and cyber security fields are forcing teachers of maritime educational institutions to constantly improve their approaches to training future maritime specialists competitive in the labour market. The present study shows some solutions to this problem. Methodology: The used methodical methods are observations, conversations, questionnaires, analysis of students' coursework and diploma papers, cadets rating. The basis of the research is a detailed analysis of the studying process of the academic discipline “Ship’s theory and design” by cadets of the Marine Academy. Contribution: Ways to create the cadet’s and the future marine specialist’s ability to constantly develop and learn during his professional life as well as be able to be a mentor are presented. Findings: The study found that within the framework of the teacher’s main mission in marine education and in accordance with the conducted research mastery of competencies by the future navigator takes place in several important and different substantive directions. Among them there is a classical theoretical and practical training (in the laboratory and on board); investigation of accidents occurring in the world in the fleet; participation in research work with trainers, membership in international and local maritime communities and mentoring and as an extra result the formation of students’ critical and creative thinking. Recommendations for Practitioners: Possible application of the research results in the training of specialists from other various sectors of the economy. Recommendation for Researchers: The importance of introducing a competency approach (Competency Based Education) in the initial training of specialists in the maritime industry is emphasized in this paper. Therefore, it will be relevant for researchers in related areas. Impact on Society: Developing a student's ability to lifelong learning, being ready to understand and adopt technological progress is a possible way to form a conscious, healthy member of society. Future Research: The effectiveness of distance education and applying of innovative technologies in the navigators training is a priority research area.
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Konstantinov, V. V., E. A. Klimova, and R. V. Osin. "Socio-psychological adaptation of children of labor migrants in the conditions of preschool educational institutions." In INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL ONLINE CONFERENCE. Знание-М, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.38006/907345-50-8.2020.143.155.
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In the modern world, labour migrants come to developed countries with their children, including children of preschool age, in search of better jobs. It is children who are most vulnerable in the framework of the migration process as they need to adapt to life in a new multicultural environment. Today, in fact, there is absence of fundamental developments aimed at solving difficulties of an adaptation process for children of labour migrants who have insufficient experience in constructive sociopsychological interaction and are involved in building image representation systems of significant others and of their own selves. The paper presents results of an empirical study implemented on the basis of preschool educational institutions of the Penza region in which 120 children of labour migrants participated between the ages of 6–7 years. Authors conclude that children of labour migrants are the most vulnerable social group in need of psychological support. Most pronounced destructive impact on a pre-schooler’s personality is expressed in a child-parent relationship. As main effects of a maladaptive behaviour of children from migrant families we can highlight: expressed anxiety, decreased self-esteem, neurotic reactions in social interaction, identification inconsistency, reduced social activity, intolerance of otherness and constant stress due to expectations of failure. Most children from migrant families express decreased or low self-esteem. The nature of a parent-child relationship is expressed in a collective image of a parent, in particular the image of the mother, and acts as an indicator of well-being / dysfunction of a child’s personal development, his attitude to the world and his own self.
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Yaprak, Şenol. "Turkish Labor Migration to Germany and its Socio-Economic Impacts in the Context of International Labor Migration." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c04.00794.
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Germany being encountered great destruction during the World War 2 has gone through a process of reconstruction and development. However, as it could not be able to find sufficient labor force during this process, Germany has signed subsequent labor migration agreements with Italy, Greece and finally with Turkey in the year of 1961. From this date onwards, a constant labor migration has started in Germany and currently it can be concluded that 3 million Turkish origin people are living in Germany. This study aims to analyze socio-economically the point that the situation has reached in 50-year period of time. As opposed to the existing aged German population, Turkish people having relatively younger population provides support to necessary labor force. Recently, Turkish people are not only laborers in the context but also with their increasing number they began to become employers in Germany whereby contributing to Germany economy. The number of Turkish entrepreneurs in Germany is estimated to be 70-80 thousand; they operate in diverse sectors and employing approximately 400 thousand laborers. It is estimated that the Turkish businesses are making annual return of 35-40 billion Euros in Germany. More and more, a new Turkish generation has been formed there, which embraced Germany as home country and they form plans about future around Germany values. Turkish population living in Germany is crucial in terms of improving the relationships with Germany; therefore importance should be given to this issue and establishment of novel policies by the central authorities in both countries.
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Hoványi, Gábor, Róbert Tésits, and B. Levente Alpek. "An in-depth survey of the factors causing dissatisfaction within the group of elderly workers in South Transdanubia." In The Challenges of Analyzing Social and Economic Processes in the 21st Century. Szeged: Szegedi Tudományegyetem Gazdaságtudományi Kar, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/casep21c.13.
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The currently still active age group (aged 50–64) faces a number of difficulties with the approaching retirement age, as their ability to work and adapt quickly to changing situations are constantly losing their effectiveness. With this, of course, we do not claim that an older worker will carry out his or her work less effectively than a younger worker, as the experience gained in a particular job can balance out the performance differences stemming from age. However, as we approach the retirement age, losing your job at an older age would pose serious challenges for those who would want to return to the group of economically active workers. It is unlikely that they will find a job that matches their qualifications, as their knowledge is less up-to-date and employers would prefer young people who could be relied on in the longer term, as opposed to those who need to be replaced within a few years. These potential difficulties are revealed by the widely distributed questionnaire, which seeks to identify the motivations and preparedness of different social strata for the changing challenges of a precarious age, based on the current economic situation and living conditions of the workers. Results: Through the questionnaire survey, we were able to gain insight into how aging workers are preparing for their approaching retirement years and what steps they can take to preserve their current labour market position, as well as what opportunities they might have for returning to the labour market after losing their jobs as a result of possible redundancies. Conclusion: Due to the aging national age structure, the situation of the aging workers is becoming an increasingly widespread problem, which, if we are not able to remedy in time, then will have to count on the degradation of the employability for the examined group in the near future. This will be mainly due to the constantly deteriorating health status of the individuals and the overwhelmed health care system that needs to provide for all age groups.
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Chiru, Claudiu, and Iulia Parvu. "E-LEARNING SYSTEMS FOR THE PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE TOURISM MANAGERS." In eLSE 2016. Carol I National Defence University Publishing House, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-16-135.
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Lifelong learning, a phenomenon that characterizes the knowledge economy, is an opportunity to develop the partnerships university - labor market. The advantages of such a collaboration are obvious and mutual. On the one hand, the universities have the chance to access new sources of funding and to adapt curricula to labor market needs, on the other hand the business has the chance to benefit from the trained human resources in accordance with the new concepts, theories and technologies. In order to win the competition on the adult education market it needs to organize and carry out educational activities tailored to the employees and employers' expectations. In this context, the use of e-learning systems can be a solution to overcome the specific difficulties of such an educational process. The present paper describes how it can be designed an e-learning system for the professional development of the hotel managers so as to ensure: development of relevant skills in a relatively short time, flexibility in the organization of educational process, modular curricula, the development of the solid mentoring / tutoring relationships in terms of an educational process remotely conducted. The training system proposed in this paper is a part of the POSDRU project "Simulated Enterprise: A link between school and the labour market". The components of our training system simulate the activity of a hotel in different sectors (management, acoounting, human resources management, marketing), having a training component, as well. Also there is a simulated economic environment made of other enterprises that interact with our system. We want to reveal the educational component of the system, underlining the need for skills development unlike the creation of working automatisms.
Reports on the topic "Labour process theory"
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Archer, Diane, and Charrlotte Adelina. Labour, waste and the circular economy in Bangkok. Stockholm Environment Institute, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51414/sei2021.018.
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Without the informal economy, there would be no waste recycling in most Asian cities. In many Asian countries, waste management systems are underdeveloped, with the informal economy dominating the processes of waste collection, sorting and recycling. In this short report, we present preliminary findings from our survey of 34 waste pickers in Bangkok. The report sheds light on their working conditions, health risks, gendered dimensions and the challenges they face in waste recycling.
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Hacker, Elizabeth, and Ranjama Sharma. Life Stories From Kathmandu’s Adult Entertainment Sector: Told and Analysed by Children and Young People. Institute of Development Studies, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/clarissa.2022.005.
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Child Labour: Action-Research-Innovation in South and South-Eastern Asia (CLARISSA) has a participatory and child-centred approach that supports children to gather evidence, analyse it themselves and generate solutions to the problems they identify. The life story collection and collective analysis processes supported children and young people involved in the worst forms of child labour in Kathmandu to share and analyse their life stories. Four hundred life stories were collected and then analysed by children and young people engaged in and affected by the worst forms of child labour, including those who had previously been life storytellers and/or life story collectors. The data was collectively analysed using causal mapping, resulting in children’s life stories becoming the evidence base for revealing the macro-level system dynamics that drive the worst forms of child labour. This paper is a record of the children and young people’s analysis of the life stories and the key themes they identified, which formed the basis of a series of eight child-led Participatory Action Research groups based in Kathmandu.
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Mahé, Clotilde, Wladimir Zanoni, and María Laura Oliveri. Women’s informal labor market participation in Ecuador. Inter-American Development Bank, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004646.
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This paper describes trends, correlates, and critical patterns driving women's labor force participation in Ecuador between 2015 and 2021. We aim to understand better what factors cause women to choose to work in the informal sector in that country. To do that, we process data from seven waves (2015 to 2021) of the Ecuadorian National Survey of Employment and Unemployment. We document changes through time in female employment trends, and isolate key patterns of the statistical associations between household characteristics and those trends. We found an increase in the share of 15-year-old or older women who were active and occupied, as well as an increase in their holding of informal jobs. In addition, OLS estimates point to working informally as a second-best strategy where women -economically constrained, low-skilled agents- substitute for formal employment, opting for informal jobs when facing obstacles in meeting basic needs.
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Maksud, A. K. M., Khandaker Reaz Hossain, and Amit Arulanantham. Mapping of Slums and Identifying Children Engaged in Worst Forms of Child Labour Living in Slums and Working in Neighbourhood Areas. Institute of Development Studies, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/clarissa.2022.002.
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Dhaka has a population of about 19 million and many think it is a city of fortune. People come from all over the country to settle in Dhaka and many low-cost settlements (known as slums) have emerged since the country became independent. Findings of national survey reports suggest there is a high concentration of child labour in the slums of Dhaka, linked with the global supply chain of products. In order to understand the drivers of child labour in the slum areas of Dhaka, a research team formed of the Grambangla Unnayan Committee (GUC) with ChildHope UK designed and conducted a mapping and listing exercise, in consultation with CLARISSA consortium colleagues. The overall objective of the mapping and listing process was to identify and map children engaged in WFCL living in eight slum areas in Dhaka.
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Gorman, Clare, Lucy Halton, and Kushum Sharma. Advocating for Change in Nepal’s Adult Entertainment Sector. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/clarissa.2021.010.
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The United Nations Human Rights Council has a powerful role to play in addressing the worst forms of child labour. Accountability mechanisms such as the Universal Periodic Review (UPR) – which work to support Member States to improve their human rights situation – are therefore widely seen as important opportunities to advocate for change. Ahead of Nepal’s third UPR cycle in 2021, the CLARISSA programme met with eight UN Permanent Missions to present recommendations addressing the exploitation of children within Nepal’s adult entertainment sector. This spotlight story shares the programme’s experience in advocacting within this process. It also highlights their approach of providing decision makers with recommendations to the Government of Nepal that were underpinned by the importance of integrating a participatory, adaptive and child-centred approach.
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Bustelo, Monserrat, Pablo Egana-delSol, Laura Ripani, Nicolas Soler, and Mariana Viollaz. Automation in Latin America: Are Women at Higher Risk of Losing Their Jobs? Inter-American Development Bank, August 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002566.
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New technological trends, such as digitization, artificial intelligence and robotics, have the power to drastically increase economic output but may also displace workers. In this paper we assess the risk of automation for female and male workers in four Latin American countries Bolivia, Chile, Colombia and El Salvador. Our study is the first to apply a task-based approach with a gender perspective in this region. Our main findings indicate that men are more likely than women to perform tasks linked to the skills of the future, such as STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics), information and communications technology, management and communication, and creative problem-solving tasks. Women thus have a higher average risk of automation, and 21% of women vs. 19% of men are at high risk (probability of automation greater than 70%). The differential impacts of the new technological trends for women and men must be assessed in order to guide the policy-making process to prepare workers for the future. Action should be taken to prevent digital transformation from worsening existing gender inequalities in the labor market.
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Burns, Danny, Marina Apgar, and Anna Raw. Designing a Participatory Programme at Scale: Phases 1 and 2 of the CLARISSA Programme on Worst Forms of Child Labour. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/clarissa.2021.004.
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CLARISSA (Child Labour: Action-Research-Innovation in South and South-Eastern Asia) is a large-scale Participatory Action Research programme which aims to identify, evidence, and promote effective multi-stakeholder action to tackle the drivers of the worst forms of child labour in selected supply chains in Bangladesh, Nepal, and Myanmar. CLARISSA places a particular focus on participants’ own ‘agency’. In other words, participants’ ability to understand the situation they face, and to develop and take actions in response to them. Most of CLARISSA’s participants are children. This document shares the design and overarching methodology of the CLARISSA programme, which was co-developed with all consortium partners during and since the co-generation phase of the programme (September 2018–June 2020). The immediate audience is the CLARISSA programme implementation teams, plus the Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO). This design document is also a useful reference point for other programmes trying to build large-scale participatory processes. It provides a clear overview of the CLARISSA programmatic approach, the design, and how it is being operationalised in context.
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AbuMezied, Asmaa, and Rahhal Rahhal. Towards a Gender-Sensitive Private Sector in the OPT. Oxfam, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2021.7338.
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This learning paper describes Oxfam's experience of conducting a Participatory Gender Audit with private sector companies in the agriculture sector in the OPT. It highlights issues such as women’s limited access to the labor market, their weak representation both as staff and as decision makers, the absence of gender-sensitive working conditions and policies, and a lack of consideration for women as customers and suppliers. The paper looks at the approach used when conducting the audits and the challenges around their implementation. It provides ideas and learning on how to successfully manage the audits so that companies are willing to buy in to the process and are supported to adopt gender-sensitive policies.
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Chambers-Ju, Christopher, Amanda Beatty, and Rezanti Putri Pramana. Exploring the Politics of Expertise:The Indonesian Teachers’ Union and Education Policy, 2005-2020. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2022/101.
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Research on education politics often uses interest group pressure to explain the policy influence of teachers’ organizations. While acknowledging the power teachers’ unions have to articulate interests and shape labor policy, we explore how a less-studied variable–expertise (or the credibility of the claims they make to expertise)– shapes the policy process. In many low-and middle-income countries, teacher organizations struggle to demonstrate policy expertise and professional competence in core areas related to teaching and learning. Focusing on Indonesia from 2005-2020, we examine how the largest teachers’ organization influenced labor policy but was marginal in debates about professional standards, training, and evaluation due to its limited technical capacity and struggles to propose viable policy alternatives. Expertise is a critical policy input, and it deserves more attention in the education politics subfield. It is central for setting the agenda for policies to improve the quality of education and it has normative value for improving policy design overall.
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Lopez, David, Mariana Weiss, José Francisco Pessanha, Karla Arias, Livia Gouvea, and Michelle Carvalho Metanias Hallack. The Effects of the Energy Transition on Power Sector Employment in Latin America. Inter-American Development Bank, February 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004715.
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The present study analyzes the relation between energy transition and the job creation potential in Latin America. It capitalizes on companies' characteristics to infer potential hiring process drivers in forthcoming years. The analysis is based on an econometric model on cross-sectional data to explain the dependent variable "potential hiring rate" depending on the firm's size (based on the number of clients), area of activity or technology, employees' level of education, and the existence of labor policies. The data came from 338 companies interviewed, including generation, transmission, distribution, energy transition services, oil and gas, and construction companies in six Latin American Countries (Bolivia, Chile, Costa Rica, Mexico, Panama, and Uruguay). The econometric study focused on 135 companies that declared hiring new employees in the next year concerning the time they were interviewed. The results show that the smaller energy companies with a larger participation of a qualified workforce will tend to have a higher expected hiring rate in the forthcoming year, implying an inverse relationship between a firm's size and potential hiring rate. The model findings convey that as the workforce is compounded with more qualified employees, the higher the expansion of the company's labor force will be, particularly in renewable generation companies. There is an additional aspect worth considering about the factors behind the company's potential hiring rate, and it is the question of job quality. The results suggest that firms hiring more are those with a lower number of policies in place. It can be explained by the fact that more traditional companies tend to have better-established policies, such as hydrocarbon and utilities. These are not the companies with the highest increase in the workforce. This takeaway raises a discussion about whether a change in the job's quality is associated with the energy transition or if it is just associated with new entrants that will become traditional in the following years. Moreover, it also helps to explain some of the political economies of the labor market that may play a role in the energy transition process. Therefore, one of the present study's main takeaways is the need to analyze deeper and promote job quality in smaller energy companies.