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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Labour market in East Africa

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Academic literature on the topic 'Labour market in East Africa'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 8 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Labour market in East Africa"

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Basnett, Yurendra. "Labour Mobility in East Africa: An Analysis of the East African Community's Common Market and the Free Movement of Workers." Development Policy Review 31, no. 2 (February 7, 2013): 131–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/dpr.12000.

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Guàrdia, Lourdes, Federica Mancini, Pedro Jacobetty, and Marcelo Maina. "Graduates’ employability skills in East Africa." Journal of Teaching and Learning for Graduate Employability 12, no. 2 (June 23, 2021): 169–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.21153/jtlge2021vol12no2art988.

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This paper reports a study about the perceptions of the academic community, employers and civil servants regarding graduates’ employability skills in East Africa. Specifically, it focuses on the mismatch between skills acquired in Higher Education (HE) and those in demand by employers, and explores factors influencing the situation. A mixed method approach was implemented including a survey and a set of focus groups. The questionnaire on employability skills was distributed among regional stakeholders attending the Open Day events organised by three East African HE Institutions. A Principal Components Analysis was applied for the categorisation of the most in-demand skills and the identification of four major workplace skill sets. To gain further insights into the stakeholders’ perceptions of the graduate employability skills gap, 11 focus groups were organised at the same universities. The general results showed that employability skills were mostly perceived as insufficiently developed during the students’ progress in their programs. The final results enabled a better understanding of the nuanced relationship between labour market valuation and graduates’ acquisition of each skill set. It also allowed us to identify problems and barriers, and suggest possible solutions to overcome the shortcomings experienced by the sub-Saharan HE system.

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A. H. Elamir, Elsayed. "Determinant indicators for labor market efficiency and higher education and training: evidence from Middle East and North Africa countries." Problems and Perspectives in Management 18, no. 1 (March 12, 2020): 206–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.18(1).2020.18.

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This study aims to explore the determinant indicators for the labor market efficiency and the higher education and training factors that can help in increasing the productivity in labor market and the quality in higher education and training, as well as pays attention to important relative indicators to improve the relationship between them. To achieve these aims the canonical correlation analysis is used as a bidirectional technique that allows studying the mutual relationship between two factors by taking advantage of available reports from 2012 to 2018 published by World Economic Forum (WEF). The results indicate that the extent of staff training, internet access, quality of education, and quality of management schools are the most important indicators in higher education and training and most correlated with labor market efficiency factor. The capacity to attract talent, pay and productivity, cooperation in labor-employer relations, and reliance on professional management are the most important indicators in labor market efficiency and the most correlated with higher education and training factor. The commonality analysis gives interesting results and shows that the explained variance in labor market efficiency and higher education and training depends on common indicators rather than a unique indicator.

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Dibeh, Ghassan, Ali Fakih, and Walid Marrouch. "Labor market and institutional drivers of youth irregular migration in the Middle East and North Africa region." Journal of Industrial Relations 61, no. 2 (October 18, 2018): 225–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022185618788085.

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This article examines the drivers of youth irregular migration in the Middle East and North Africa region. A multinomial logit model is implemented to test the effect of labor market and institutional characteristics on the decision of youth to migrate using a unique and novel dataset covering young people aged 15–29 from five major Middle East and North Africa countries. Specifically, the article investigates the effect of micro determinants of irregular migration: individual socio-economic factors, wealth factors, adaptability factors, labor market factors, and institutional factors. The article finds that the labor market drivers matter more for regular rather than irregular migration amongst the youth from the Middle East and North Africa region. However, institutional settings are of great importance for any decision to migrate, be it regularly or irregularly. In addition, youth from wealthier households are more likely to express willingness to migrate using regular channels, whereas youth from disadvantaged backgrounds are more likely to consider the irregular route.

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Fakih, Ali, and Pascal L. Ghazalian. "What factors influence firm perceptions of labour market constraints to growth in the MENA region?" International Journal of Manpower 36, no. 8 (November 2, 2015): 1181–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijm-02-2014-0050.

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Purpose – Labour market constraints constitute prominent obstacles to firm development and economic growth of countries located in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. The purpose of this paper is to examine the implications of firm characteristics, national locations, and sectoral associations for the perceptions of firms concerning two basic labour market constraints: labour regulations and labour skill shortages. Design/methodology/approach – The empirical analysis is carried out using firm-level data set sourced from the World Bank’s Enterprise Surveys database. A bivariate probit estimator is used to account for potential correlations between the errors in the two labour market constraints’ equations. The authors implement overall estimations and comparative cross-country and cross-sector analyses, and use alternative estimation models. Findings – The empirical results reveal some important implications of firm characteristics (e.g. firm size, labour compositions) for firm perceptions of labour regulations and labour skill shortages. They also delineate important cross-country and cross-sector variations. The authors also find significant heterogeneity in the factors’ implications for the perceptions of firms belonging to different sectors and located in different MENA countries. Originality/value – Reforms in labour regulations and investment in human capital are important governmental policy interventions for promoting firm development and economic growth in the MENA region. This paper contributes to the empirical literature by analysing the factors influencing the perceptions of firms located in the MENA region concerning labour regulations and labour skill shortages. It provides policy-makers with information needed in the design of labour policies that attenuate the impacts of labour market constraints and enhance the performance of firms and the long-run economic growth.

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Lucassen, Jan. "A Multinational and its Labor Force: The Dutch East India Company, 1595–1795." International Labor and Working-Class History 66 (October 2004): 12–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547904000158.

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This essay focuses on the emergence of an international labor market connecting Europe with southern Africa and south and southeast Asia, showing the intertwining of commercialization and proletarianization in the institution that created and coordinated perhaps the most important international labor market connecting Europe to the Far East.

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Mwita, Kelvin M. "Tanzania Graduate Employability: Perception of Human Resource Management Practitioners." International Journal of Human Resource Studies 8, no. 2 (May 6, 2018): 263. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijhrs.v8i2.12921.

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Higher Education Institutions (HEI’s) produce many qualified graduates in different fields of study annually but almost half of them become frustrated or desolate because they cannot secure jobs in the labour market and some have huge student loans to settle. Moreover, Tanzania education stakeholders have been arguing that the education offered is not adequately geared to integrate the individual into the strong competitive labour markets. The study used a sample of 100 human resource practitioners to assess their perception of Tanzania graduate employability. It was found that HR practitioners consider Tanzania graduate as average. It has been found that 52.6% of Human Resource practitioners disagree that Tanzania graduate quality is improving. Additionally 56.6 % believe that Tanzania graduate are not competent enough to compete for jobs in the East African labour market. The study recommends various measures to be taken by higher learning institutions, regulatory bodies, policy makers and students themselves.

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Abada, Teresa, and Sylvia Lin. "Labour market outcomes of the children of immigrants in Ontario." Canadian Studies in Population 41, no. 1-2 (April 8, 2014): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.25336/p68g7z.

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Using the 2006 Census, this study examines the labour market outcomes of children of immigrants aged 25 to 34 who are living in Ontario. We find that most groups achieve higher levels of university completion rates than the third generation. Second-generation males, including those from Jamaica, Latin America, East Asia, the Philippines, India, South/Southeast Asia, West Asia and Arab/North African region, the United States, and Eastern Europe have lower earnings than the third generation. Dutch and Portuguese with lower educational attainments are not necessarily disadvantaged in terms of earnings and employment. In terms of income, most second-generationwomen are not significantly different from their third-generation counterparts.

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Saville, Adrian David, and Lyall White. "Bringing Pankaj Ghemawat to Africa: Measuring African economic integration." South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 19, no. 1 (March 2, 2016): 82–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v19i1.1251.

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A wealth of literature dealing with trade liberalisation, capital market liberalisation, labour mobility and related issues concerning globalisation asserts that economies that are more integrated with the global economy and, more specifically with their neighbours, tend to enjoy higher sustained levels of growth. Empirical evidence with solid quantitative findings recently conducted by Pankaj Ghemawat has confirmed that more ‘open and connected’ economies display higher rates of economic growth, higher per capita income levels and greater levels of human welfare. Against this backdrop, it is notable that the available evidence – whilst incomplete – suggests that African economies are amongst the least integrated in the world. Given that integration and connectedness matter, and that there are material gaps in the evaluation of integration for African economies, it is important to develop better measures of African economies’ connectedness with their neighbours and with the world, how this connectedness is evolving and establish more comprehensive and robust means of economic integration compared to those historically available. Using Ghemawat’s framework, which measures flows of trade, capital, information and people (TCIP) to determine connectedness, we develop the Visa Africa integration index to provide a more comprehensive and detailed gauge of economic integration for 11 African countries in three clusters: East Africa, West Africa and Southern Africa. The index results suggest that African economies are emerging off a modest base, with some economies demonstrating progressive structural improvements toward higher levels of integration with their respective regions and the world. East Africa, in particular, shows signs of rising connectedness over the survey period. The index also illustrates that some countries are more integrated globally than regionally and vice versa, which is important information for policy makers toward improving deeper and broader integration in their respective regions. The index builds on previous research in the broad area of integration and helps us better understand the challenges and opportunities presented by Africa’s economic changes and some of the implications for economic growth.

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Mihyo, Paschal. "University training in the social sciences in East Africa and current labor market reforms in east and Southern Africa: A research agenda." Knowledge and Policy 6, no. 3-4 (September 1993): 99–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02696284.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Labour market in East Africa"

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Beyer, J. A. de. "Earnings, experience and skill formation : Two East African case studies." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.381760.

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Duff, Patrick Alexander. "Exploring job search and the causes of endogenous unemployment evidence from Duncan Village, South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002761.

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Despite high rates of unemployment in South Africa, there is little consensus about its origins and solutions to the problem. Job search (how and when people search for work) is one aspect of the unemployment problem. Job search is shown to be a complex process strongly linked to the endogenous structure of the labour market. The flaws in traditional methods (theoretical and measurement) highlight this. Using data from a tailor-made survey in Duncan Village (a peri-urban area in Buffalo City, South Africa) the research examines factors that influence the effectiveness of job search. The results show that mode of search (how people look for work) is used as a signal by employers. Degrees of success are stratified amongst searchers using either ‘word of mouth’, place-to-place or formal modes of search. The thesis provides a method-test to reveal a complex body of evidence that has yet to be fully explored by practitioners in this field.

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Choonoo, John Gerald. "A comparative analysis of inequality and poverty among urban African, coloured, and Indian families and their labor market experiences during the Apartheid years 1975-1985 /." Access Digital Full Text version, 1995. http://pocketknowledge.tc.columbia.edu/home.php/bybib/11790052.

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Thesis (Ed.D.)--Teachers College, Columbia University, 1995.
Includes tables. Typescript; issued also on microfilm. Sponsor: Thomas Bailey. Dissertation Committee: Francisco Rivera-Batiz. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 201-212).

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Milcher, Susanne, and Manfred M. Fischer. "On labour market discrimination against Roma in South East Europe." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2010. http://epub.wu.ac.at/3960/1/SSRN%2Did1739103.pdf.

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This paper directs interest on country-specific labour market discrimination Roma may suffer in South East Europe. The study lies in the tradition of statistical Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition analysis. We use microdata from UNDP's 2004 survey of Roma minorities, and apply a Bayesian approach, proposed by Keith and LeSage (2004), for the decomposition analysis of wage differentials. This approach is based on a robust Bayesian heteroscedastic linear regression model in conjunction with Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) estimation. The results obtained indicate the presence of labour market discrimination in Albania and Kosovo, but point to its absence in Bulgaria, Croatia, and Serbia. (authors' abstract)

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Tuipende, Deoden. "Unemployment and labour market (in)flexibility in South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52597.

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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2001.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: When South Africa re-entered the global arena, her immediate priority was to search for and affirm her position in the global economy. In this process, South Africa has witnessed massive job losses that compounded the already existing problem of unemployment. South Africa is considered to be one of the countries with the highest levels of unemployment - a fact that has raised a great deal of concern among Government, Business and Labour. This study project examines the functioning of South Africa's labour market with the intention of establishing whether or not it is linked to the problem of unemployment. The study draws labour-flexibility comparisons between the world's most flexible and deregulated labour market (USA) and Europe; and, relatively, tries to find South Africa's position. The study has revealed that there is a relationship between flexibility and employment - countries with flexible labour markets, ceteris paribus, also have high levels of ~- employment and vice versa. The study has also revealed that a culmination of high levels of illiteracy, trade union activities and the new labour laws has resulted into labour market rigidities which are partly responsible for the high rate of unemployment in South Africa. The study has also revealed that any effort by South Africa to adopt the US-style of labour market flexibility should be accompanied by some other policy checks to ensure maximum benefits. This is based on the finding that flexibility per se could have devastating effects for the economy. It is not only the labour market rigidities that are responsible for the current high rate of unemployment in South Africa. Factors like persistent and systematic decline in labour absorption capacity vis-a '-vis persistent and systematic increase in labour supply, decline in economic growth and globalisation claim a lion's share.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Met Suid-Afrika se hertoetrede tot die internasionale arena was sy eerste prioriteit om sy plek in die wêreldekonomie te vind en te bevestig. Algaande het Suid-Afrika 'n grootskaalse verlies aan werkgeleenthede ervaar, wat die reeds bestaande probleem van werkloosheid vererger het. Vandag word Suid-Afrika beskou as een van die lande met die hoogste vlakke van werkloosheid - wat groot kommer by die regering, besigheid en arbeid wek. Hierdie werkstuk ondersoek die funksionering van Suid-Afrika se arbeidmark met die doel om vas te stel of dit met die probleem van werkloosheid verband hou al dan nie. Die studie maak vergelykings ten opsigte van arbeidsbuigsaamheid tussen die wêreld se mees buigsame en gedereguleerde arbeidsmark (VSA) en Europa, en poog om Suid-Afrika se relatiewe posisie te bepaal. Die studie toon dat daar 'n verband tussen buigsaamheid en werkverskaffing is - dat lande met buigsame arbeidsmark, ceteris paribus, ook hoë vlakke van werkverskaffing het, en omgekeerd. Die studie het ook bevind dat 'n hoë vlak van ongeletterdheid, vakbondaktiwiteite en die nuwe arbeidswette aanleiding gegee het tot arbeidsmarkonbuigsaamheid, wat gedeeltelik verantwoordelik is vir die hoë werkloosheidsyfer in Suid-Afrika. Die studie toon verder dat enige poging deur Suid-Afrika om die arbeidsmarkbuigsaamheid van die VSA toe te pas, met ander beleidsmaatreëls gepaard moet gaan om maksimum voordele te verseker. Dit is gegrond op die bevinding dat buigsaamheid per se verreikende gevolge vir die ekonomie kan hê. Dit is nie net die onbuigsaamheid van die arbeidsmark wat vir die huidige hoë werkloosheidsyfer in Suid-Afrika verantwoordelik is nie. Faktore soos 'n volgehoue en stelselmatige afname in die kapasiteit om arbeid te absorbeer teenoor 'n volgehoue en stelselmatige toename in arbeidsaanbod, 'n afname in ekonomiese groei, en globalisering is vir 'n leeue-aandeel verantwoordelik.

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Lee, Deborah Ellen. "Feminisation a period of labour market changes in South Africa." Thesis, University of Port Elizabeth, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/363.

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The post-1994 role of women in the South African economy is changing with respect to issues such as education and employment opportunities. In the past, men tended to hold the primary or ‘good’ jobs, which have the greatest stability and promotional potential, whilst women tended to hold the secondary or ‘poor’ jobs, which have lower stability and lower wages (Kelly, 1991). Women’s labour force participation has risen significantly over the years since 1994, but more in depth research is needed in order to determine where and how changes could be implemented to ensure that any past gender inequalities fall away with minimal impact on the economy as a whole. As such, certain dynamics within the labour market need to be considered. Firstly, pre-market types of discrimination, including issues such as gender discrimination during the acquisition of human capital through educational attainment should be considered. In most countries, women enter the labour market with severe disadvantage in that they have been subject to discrimination in schooling opportunities (Standing, Sender & Weeks, 1996). Secondly, the feminisation of the labour force is dealt with, as well as what factors affect the female labour force participation decision (i.e. the decision of whether to participate in the labour market or not). iv Thirdly, employment discrimination is investigated, including the concept of ‘occupational crowding’. An analysis of trends in the occupational structure of economically active women in South Africa shows the typical shift out of agriculture into industrial related jobs (Verhoef, 1996). Lastly, wage discrimination is analysed, in order to determine if women get lower rates of pay for ‘equal work’. The objectives of this study are aimed at determining whether there have been any positive changes with respect to women in any of these focal areas mentioned above. There are studies that have established gender differentials when it comes to formal education, and these place women at the disadvantaged end (Bankole & Eboiyehi, 2000). If one considers the educational measures, namely, the levels of literacy, years of education, and overall educational attainment, employed by this country to determine whether there are in fact observed differences between the education of boys and girls, the following was found: Males rate higher with respect to two of these measures, namely literacy and educational attainment, and are thus able to exhibit lower levels of poverty than females in South Africa. Men exhibit slightly higher literacy rates than women of the same age (Statistics South Africa, 2002), and men also rate higher than women when it comes to university education. With regards to primary and secondary school attainment v since 1994, the gender gap does appear to have disappeared. The ‘neoclassical model of labour-leisure choice’, as applied in this study, shows that as the wage rate increases, women have an incentive to reduce the time they allocate to the household sector and are more likely to enter the labour market. In South Africa, however, the increase in the female participation rate has merely translated into a rise in unemployment and has not been associated with an increase in the demand for female labour. This implies that South African women are being ‘pushed’ into the labour market due to economic need, rather than being ‘pulled’ into the labour market in order to earn a higher wage. Women are gradually becoming better represented at all levels across a wide range of occupations. Women, however, continue to face greater prospects of unemployment and to earn less than their male counterparts even when they do find employment. These lower female wages are partly as a result of ‘occupational crowding’, whereby women are over-represented in certain occupations resulting in excess labour supply which drives down the wage rate. It has been determined that the problem of occupational crowding is a real and immediate one and has been found to depress wages within certain female specific occupations.

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Csedo, Krisztina. "New Eurostars? : the labour market incorporation of East European professionals in London." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2009. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2188/.

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Professional and graduate mobility represents an increasing component of international migration streams due to the globalisation of markets, the expansion of the knowledge economy, and the global competition for talent. While in the last twenty years considerable attention was given to East-West mobility flows within Europe, little research has been done on mobile professionals' and graduates' occupational attainment abroad. In the thesis I analyse the social organisation of professional mobility, focusing on the determinants of mobility, the destination choice, and the job-seeking practices of East European professionals and graduates in London. Several bodies of literature deliver the conceptual basis for this research. Applying an economic sociological framework, I rely on three major currents among the theoretical approaches to migration and mobility: human capital, global cities and labour market segmentation theories. I use quantitative and qualitative techniques to analyse primary and secondary data, including an online survey and semi-structured interviews with Hungarian and Romanian professionals and graduates working in London, and London-based employers of East European graduates, as well as official statistics. While aiming to question the atomised economic individualism associated with well-educated migrants and to draw the profile of the potentially new 'Eurostars', the thesis reaches four main conclusions. First, I emphasise the need to investigate the social process leading to labour market incorporation of foreign professionals from a transnational perspective. I argue that the social structures and institutions at both destination and origin influence immigrants' labour market positions at destination. Second, I have found that mobility decisions are shaped by individual perceptions of relative deprivation when comparing their own social and occupational positions to the ones of members of groups they consider referential. Third, social ties act as centrifugal forces in sending professionals and graduates to either the top or the bottom of the occupational hierarchies at destination. Typically, however, professional and graduate mobility is a market-dependent phenomenon, influenced less by the existence of social ties, more by the supply and demand on the global labour, education and migration policy markets. These social institutions, together with social networks and migrants' self-selection contribute to the creation of labour market segments at destination. Finally, the thesis challenges the idea that the international transfer of human capital is a seamless process. Instead, I argue that it is the social aspects of human capital creation, transfer and appreciation which shape to a great extent what is socially recognised as being 'skilled' or 'highly qualified'. Being 'highly skilled' is an outcome of negotiations between employers and migrants on the socially constituted labour markets around the value and the value-attached significance of employable human capital.

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Doms, Leonard S. "The South African labour legislation and its impact on the labour market." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53174.

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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2002.
Some digitised pages may appear illegible due to the condition of the original hard copy.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The recent discussions regarding the relations between the government and industry have highlighted the importance and continuous changes that have been investigated, tried and tested by the tri-part alliance since its inception. A study was conducted of all the current issues and changes in labour legislation and its impact on the labour market. Due to the continuous changes and heated debates, not to mention regular strikes and negotiations by those parties and their representatives, this topic is heated and ever changing.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die onlangse onderhandelinge en besprekings betreffende die verhouding tussen die regering en industrie plaas klem op die belang van en gereelde veranderinge wat ondersoek, geimplimenteer en getoets is deur die drieledige alliansie sedert laasgenoemde se ontstaan. 'n Studie is gedoen van die huidige kwessies en veranderinge in arbeidswetgewing en die impak daarvan op die arbeidsmark. Die gereelde veranderinge in wetgewing en soms hewige debatvoering tussen die betrokke partye, bo en behalwe die gereelde stakings en onderhandelinge deur daardie partye en hul verteenwoordigers, maak hierdie onderwerp baie sensitief en stel dit bloot aan gereelde ondersoek en verandering.

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Mathekga, Mmanoko Jerry. "The political economy of labour market flexibility in South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1532.

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Thesis (MPhil (Political Science))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The impact of globalisation can be found in every aspect of human life. Globalisation has also brought about changes in the world of work, such as the call for labour market flexibility, which has restructured the workplace. This study focuses on the implications of labour market flexibility for workers in South Africa and for trade unions, within the context of the introduction of a macroeconomic neoliberal policy in South Africa in 1996. The study examines the changing nature of employment and work in a company in the South African retail sector, namely Pick n Pay. Labour market flexibility comes about as companies try to compete and cut costs at the expense of workers. This implies a reduction of protection and benefits and has resulted in the creation of a ‘working poor’ labour segment. Trade unions have been ineffective in providing a voice and representation for the new working poor. This study argues that under conditions of economic globalisation, trade unions are disempowered and flexible labour market practices are introduced to cut costs in order to maintain market share and increase competitiveness. Economic globalisation has pressurised the South African government, and the African National Congress (ANC), to shift gradually to the right and to adopt a neoliberal macroeconomic policy. This has led to an increase in inequality, unemployment, new forms of insecure jobs and the creation of an informal economy. This study found that instead of creating jobs and alleviating poverty, the government’s Growth, Employment and Redistribution Strategy (GEAR) has resulted in retrenchments, downsizing and restructuring. The unemployed, retrenched and working poor find themselves in the ‘second economy’. The retail sector in particular makes use of labour market flexibility in order to compete for market share. Pick n Pay is an example of a retail company that increasingly makes use of flexible labour market practices. This study found that labour market flexibility has created a situation that trade unions find difficult to deal with, and that labour market flexibility has been accompanied by increasing inequality, which overlaps with race and gender identities. Furthermore, Pick n Pay maintains flexible employment under conditions of increased productivity and contrary to labour legislation.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Impak van globalisering kan in elke aspek van mense se lewens waargeneem word. Globalisering het verandering in die wêreld van werk teweeggebring, soos die aandrang op arbeidsmarkbuigsaamheid wat tot die herstrukturering van die werkersmag gelei het. Hierdie studie fokus op die implikasie van arbeidsmarkbuigsaamheid vir werkers in Suid‐ Afrika, en die implikasie vir vakbonde in die konteks van die inwerkingstelling van ’n makroekonomiese neo‐liberale beleid in Suid‐Afrika in 1996. Verder ondersoek die studie die verandering in die aard van indiensneming en werk in ’n Suid‐Afrikaanse maatskappy in die kleinhandelsektor, naamlik Pick n Pay. Buigsaamheid in die arbeidsmag ontstaan wanneer besighede in ’n poging om kompeterend te wees, uitgawes ten koste van werkers besnoei. Dit bring die vermindering van beskerming en voordele mee, wat tot ’n arbeidsegment van ‘arm werkers’ lei. Vakbonde kon nie ’n stem en verteenwoordiging aan hierdie nuwe segment van arm werkers gee nie. Hierdie studie voer aan dat ekonomiese globalisering werkersunies magteloos laat terwyl buigsame arbeidsmarkpraktyke aangewend word om kostes te sny ten einde markaandeel en verhoogde kompetisie te verseker. Ekonomiese globalisasie plaas meer druk op die Suid‐Afrikaanse regering, die African National Congress (ANC), om ‘n verskuiwing na regs te maak en ’n neo‐liberale makroekonomiese beleid te volg. Dit het gelei tot verhoging in ongelykheid, werkloosheid, nuwe vorme van onsekere werksgeleenthede, en die skepping van ’n informele ekonomie. Die studie bevind dat die regering se Groei, Indiensnemings‐ en Herdistribusiebeleid (GEAR), wat veronderstel was om werk te skep en werkloosheid te verminder, eerder tot meer afdankings, afskaling en herstrukturering gelei het. Die werklose, afgedankte en armwerkerskorps bevind hulself nou in ’n ‘tweede ekonomie’. In die besonder maak die kleinhandelsektor gebruik van arbeidsmarkbuigsaamheid om vir ’n deel van die mark te kompeteer. Pick n Pay is ’n voorbeeld van ’n kleinhandelmaatskappy wat toenemend gebruik maak van arbeidsmarkbuigsaamheid. Die studie kom tot die slotsom dat arbeidsmarkbuigsaamheid ’n situasie geskep het wat vakbonde verlam het, en wat met ’n verhoging in ongelykheid wat verder met ras en geslagsidentiteite oorvleuel, gepaardgaan. daarby maak Pick n Pay gebruik van buigsaame indiensnemingspraktyke onder omstandighede van verhoogde produktiwiteit, in weerwil van arbeidswetgewing

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Sibanda, Nomazulu. "The impact of immigration on the labour market: evidence from South Africa." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/207.

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The impact of immigrants on the labour market in the South African context has always been a long standing issue with both government and natives’ fearing for the latter’s displacement effect, pressure on wages and resources. Migrants are blamed for poor labour market conditions of a host country. Literature reviewed from Africa and elsewhere shows that migrants have negative outcomes on the host country’s labour market. For this study an Error Correction Model on time series data from 1980-2006 has been estimated. The study estimated two models that is the unemployment and the wages models. The variables used for estimation are immigration, inflation and the Gross Domestic Product. The study surprisingly found a positive impact of immigrants on wages but the effect on employment was negative and significant. It is important to note here that the calculated impact is only for the documented immigrants the impact the illegal ones is not known.

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Books on the topic "Labour market in East Africa"

1

Jane, Armitage, ed. Education, work, and pay in East Africa. Oxford: Claredon, 1989.

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Bank, World, ed. Jobs or privileges: Unleashing the employment potential of the Middle East and North Africa. Washington, DC: World Bank Group, 2015.

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Hazlewood, Arthur. Education, work, and pay in East Africa. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1989.

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Bank, World, ed. Striving for better jobs: The challenge of informality in the Middle East and North Africa. Washington DC: World Bank, 2012.

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Gatti, Roberta. Jobs for shared prosperity: Time for action in the Middle East and North Africa. Washington, D.C: World Bank, 2013.

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1966-, Cam Surhan, ed. Labour in a global world: Case studies from the white goods industry in Africa, South America, East Asia, and Europe. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005.

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Vicky, Kanyoka, ed. Decent work for domestic workers: Opportunities and challenges for East Africa : a consolidated report of tripartite consultative workshops in Kenya, Uganda, and Tanzania. Dar es Salaam: ILO Country Office, 2011.

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Lachaud, Jean-Pierre. The labour market in Africa. Geneva, Switzerland: International Institute for Labour Studies, 1994.

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Improving labour market information in southern Africa. [Geneva, Switzerland]: International Labour Organisation, 1999.

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East African Human Rights Foundation. Training manual on labour rights in East Africa. Kampala: East African Human Rights Foundation, 2004.

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Book chapters on the topic "Labour market in East Africa"

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Chachage, Chachage Seithy L. "Social Policy and Development in East Africa: the Case of Education and Labour Market Policies." In Social Policy in Sub-Saharan African Context, 87–111. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230590984_3.

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Bhorat, Haroon. "South African Market Labour Market Trends: An Analysis of 1995 and 1999 Labour Statistics." In Diversity in Africa, 164–90. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230627536_11.

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Trappe, Heike. "East Germany." In Gender Inequality in the Eastern European Labour Market, 77–99. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2016. |: Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315657400-4.

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Chirathivat, Suthiphand. "Labour market integration and policy response in East and South-East Asia." In Globalization of Labour Markets, 257–75. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6229-0_16.

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Hofmeyr, Julian. "The South African Labour Market." In Can South and Southern Africa become Globally Competitive Economies?, 231–44. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-24972-5_21.

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Verma, Anil. "Labour, Labour Markets, and the Economic Integration of Nations." In Regionalization and Labour Market Interdependence in East and Southeast Asia, 260–78. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-25931-1_10.

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Reddy, Vijay, and Bongiwe Mncwango. "Education and Labour Market Inequalities in South Africa." In Social Justice and Education in the 21st Century, 29–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65417-7_3.

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Nübler, Irmgard. "Institutions and the Finance of General Skills Training: Evidence from Africa." In In Defence of Labour Market Institutions, 64–79. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230584204_4.

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Ndou, Eliphas, and Nombulelo Gumata. "Labour Market Conditions, Positive Inflation Shocks and Policy Rate Responses." In Inflation Dynamics in South Africa, 193–208. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46702-3_14.

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Yamano, Takashi, Yoko Kijima, Tomoya Matsumoto, and Megumi Muto. "Recent Developments of Agricultural Markets in East Africa." In Community, Market and State in Development, 245–61. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230295018_15.

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Conference papers on the topic "Labour market in East Africa"

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Zadorozhneva, I. V. "Labour Market and Socio-Economic Policy: Features of Mutual Influence." In Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference "Far East Con" (ISCFEC 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iscfec-18.2019.299.

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Mobarak, Kaashiefa. "EXPLORING THE CONTRIBUTION OF UNIVERSITIES TO LABOUR-MARKET REQUIREMENTS IN SOUTH AFRICA: AN EMPLOYER’S PERSPECTIVE." In 12th annual International Conference of Education, Research and Innovation. IATED, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/iceri.2019.2574.

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Sharapova, N. V., V. M. Sharapova, and I. A. Borisov. "Segregation as a Mechanism of Gender Stereotypes in the Labour Market of the Ural Region." In Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference "Far East Con" (ISCFEC 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iscfec-18.2019.250.

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Joneja, Galen, Michael Awalt, Carl Johnson, Martijn Bogaerts, and MHD Tareq Alsam. "Increasing Plug and Abandon Efficiency in East Africa: Challenges and Solutions." In SPE/AAPG Africa Energy and Technology Conference. SPE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/afrc-2571807-ms.

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ABSTRACT In line with an escalation of drilling operations in East Africa, operators and service contractors are increasing their focus on how to make operations more efficient in challenging market. One operation for which a robust, safe, and effective tool was utilized to increase efficiency is the plug and abandonment of deepwater exploration wells in Tanzania and Kenya. Traditional abandonment of a well is accomplished by stacking multiple cement plugs to achieve zonal isolation. The plugs covering reservoir sections are normally independently verified in keeping with best practices applicable to well barriers. By setting longer plugs to cover multiple zones, rig time and operating costs can be significantly reduced. However, there are limitations to cement plug length when set conventionally without significantly increasing the risk of stuck pipe. The Hydraulic Tubing Release Tool (HTRT) was introduced during a deep-water exploration campaign in East Africa. It has been used successfully during the abandonment of five different wells where seven plug and abandonment operations placed long abandonment plugs, ranging from 405m to 1787m, in a single operation. The utilization of the tubing release tool system in well abandonment operations has proved to lower the risks and operational costs through the reduction of necessary cementing operations. With the sacrificial tubing being left in the cement, there is less risk of plug contamination which occurs as a result of pulling out of the plug. It also allows for longer plugs to be set in a single operation as opposed to stacking several cement plugs to get the required length, saving additional time. It has been used successfully on five deepwater wells in East Africa to set long abandonment plugs in open holes ranging from 700m to 1800m MD. The main objective of the disconnect system is to shorten the time taken to perform a well abandonment program as well as reducing the associated risks, thereby saving rig time and money.

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Lunney, Iain. "Cost-Effective Directional Drilling and Logging-While-Drilling Operational/Maintenance Model Aids an East Africa Operator to Deliver Its Remote Location Exploration Campaign." In SPE/AAPG Africa Energy and Technology Conference. SPE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/afrc-2582954-ms.

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ABSTRACT In a cost-sensitive market driven by depressed commodity prices, significant capital challenges exist for operators interested in pursuing exploration activities in remote environments to define their producible reserves. This paper explores the organizational and operational model developed by a service company over several remote area mobilizations; this model resulted in an optimized low-cost service delivery model characterized by top quartile operational key performance indicators (KPIs). The model centralizes critical functions of an operational organization into discrete service units that are located near the operational location or that provide remote assistance with communication and reporting lines in place to function effectively. Top quartile operational performance and tool availability is a result of placing a remote repair and maintenance facility that includes containerized specialty modules near the operational area. The upfront bottomhole assembly engineering, 24/7 monitoring, and proactive feedback of logged data, drillstring dynamics, and wellbore hydraulics are performed by a core team of subject matter experts in their respective disciplines from an established centralized operating center. The operational KPIs over the course of the six well exploration campaign provided substantial evidence to support the reliability of the model and the high level of experience used in both the remote maintenance facility and the operations center support team.

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Bhargava, R. K. "Global Energy Market: Past, Present and Future." In ASME Turbo Expo 2006: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2006-91322.

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The three fossil fuels, coal, oil and natural gas, are the major and depletable energy resources of the world. By end of the twentieth century, approximately 85% of the total primary energy consumed globally came from the three fossil fuels. In the last two years or so oil prices have almost doubled, whereas, price of natural gas has also increased at a faster rate. Indications and predictions are that these prices will stay for years to come because of imbalance in supply and demand and political instability in the Middle East and Africa regions. In such a dynamic energy market, companies dealing with energy resources, energy related equipment suppliers and service providers will face a stiffer competition. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the global energy market emphasizing the following key issues: the status of proven fossil fuels reserves which are recoverable with the today’s technology; trends of production and consumption of major fuels; trends of electric power generation and industrial gas turbine market for power generation; and emissions related issues. A brief discussion on gas monetization and IGCC (Integrated Gasification and Combined Cycle) technology is also included. In addition to presenting an in-depth analysis of the energy related data for the last 2–3 decades, projections are provided for the next two decades (until 2025). The presented data will be useful in identifying world’s areas and countries where potentials for energy related businesses are expected to grow in the coming years. The presented study is a timely topic of discussion in presence of a highly volatile energy market and companion to the theme of the Turbo Expo 2006 “The Global Market and Cooperative Ventures”.

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Melecký, Lukáš. "How has time progressed with the EU Regional Competitiveness Index? Continued number 2. What change did the last edition of RCI 2019 bring?" In XXIII. mezinárodní kolokvium o regionálních vědách / 23rd International Colloquium on Regional Sciences. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9610-2020-5.

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Regional Competitiveness Index (RCI) has been measuring the significant factors of competitiveness over the past ten years for all the NUTS 2 level regions across the European Union (EU). RCI measures with more than 70 comparable indicators the ability of a region to offer an attractive and sustainable environment for firms and residents to live and work. RCI results are standardly illustrated with interactive maps and a range of interactive web tools, which is attractive as well as for the public. The scorecards make it easy to compare any region with the EU and regions with a similar level of GDP per head. Users can easily see where their region stands on aspects such as governance, infrastructure, including the digital networks, health, human capital and labour market and innovation. RCI results confirm a polycentric pattern with a strong performance of most capitals and regions with large cities, that benefit from agglomeration effects, better connectivity and high levels of human capital. Other regions in the same country in some cases, score much worse. The north-west and south-east divide across the EU is still clear and visible. The paper aims at comprehensive analysis of RCI approach is performed by the systematic review across the editions. Results show that comparing RCI over time is complicated because all editions incorporate slight modifications. The authors of RCI try to keep changes to a minimum so as not to affect its overall structure and to maintain a high degree of comparability across the editions. However, despite all its shortcomings, RCI proved to be a robust way to summarise many different indicators into one index.

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Rossi, Iacopo, Luca Piantelli, and Alberto Traverso. "Gas Turbine Combined Cycle Flexibility: A Dynamic Model for Compressor Intake Conditioning Through a Heat-Pump." In ASME Turbo Expo 2019: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2019-91354.

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Abstract The flexibility of power plants is a critical feature in energy production environments nowadays, due to the high share of non-dispatchable renewables. This fact dramatically increases the number of daily startups and load variations of power plants, pushing the current technologies to operate out of their optimal range. Furthermore, ambient conditions significantly influence the actual plant performance, creating deviations against the energy sold during the day-ahead and reducing the profit margins for the operators. A solution to reduce the impact of unpredicted ambient conditions, and to increase the flexibility margins of existing combined cycles, is represented by the possibility of dynamically controlling the temperature at compressor intake. At present, cooling down the compressor intake is a common practice to govern combined cycle performance in hot regions such as the Middle East and Africa, while heating up the compressor intake is commonly adopted to reduce the Minimum Environmental Load (MEL). However, such applications involve relatively slow regulation of air intake, mainly coping with extreme operating conditions. The use of continuously varying, at a relatively quick pace, the air temperature at compressor intake, to mitigate ambient condition fluctuations and to cope with electrical market requirements, involves proper modeling of the combined cycle dynamic behavior, including the short-term and long-term impacts of intake air temperature variations. This work presents a dynamic modeling framework for the whole combined cycle applied to one of IREN Energia’s Combined Cycle Units. The paper encloses the model validation against field data of the target power plant. The validated model is then used to show the potential in flexibility augmentation of properly adjusting the compressor intake temperature during operation.

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Reports on the topic "Labour market in East Africa"

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Quak, Evert-jan. The Link Between Demography and Labour Markets in sub-Saharan Africa. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), January 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.011.

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This rapid review synthesises the literature from academic, policy, and knowledge institution sources on how demography affects labour markets (e.g. entrants, including youth and women) and labour market outcomes (e.g. capital-per-worker, life-cycle labour supply, human capital investments) in the context of sub-Saharan Africa. One of the key findings is that the fast-growing population in sub-Saharan Africa is likely to affect the ability to get productive jobs and in turn economic growth. This normally happens when workers move from traditional (low productivity agriculture and household businesses) sectors into higher productivity sectors in manufacturing and services. In theory the literature shows that lower dependency ratios (share of the non-working age population) should increase output per capita if labour force participation rates among the working age population remain unchanged. If output per worker stays constant, then a decline in dependency ratio would lead to a rise in income per capita. Macro simulation models for sub-Saharan Africa estimate that capital per worker will remain low due to consistently low savings for at least the next decades, even in the low fertility scenario. Sub-Saharan African countries seem too poor for a quick rise in savings. As such, it is unlikely that a lower dependency ratio will initiate a dramatic increase in labour productivity. The literature notes the gender implications on labour markets. Most women combine unpaid care for children with informal and low productive work in agriculture or family enterprises. Large family sizes reduce their productive labour years significantly, estimated at a reduction of 1.9 years of productive participation per woman for each child, that complicates their move into more productive work (if available). If the transition from high fertility to low fertility is permanent and can be established in a relatively short-term period, there are long-run effects on female labour participation, and the gains in income per capita will be permanent. As such from the literature it is clear that the effect of higher female wages on female labour participation works to a large extent through reductions in fertility.

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Catley, Andy. Commercialising Pastoralist Livestock Systems in East Africa. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/apra.2021.018.

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Across East Africa’s vast rangelands, pastoralist livestock systems have been commercialising since the early 1900s. Commercialisation has varied widely within and between areas, but now includes substantial livestock exports, regional and cross-border trade, and supply to domestic markets. This policy brief examines some of the key features of pastoralism that affect how commercialisation evolves in pastoralist societies, and why poorer producers often benefit least from new market access. The policy brief draws on a substantial body of research and programme evaluations, and two new APRA research reports on pastoral livestock commercialisation in south-east Ethiopia (Gebresenbet, 2020) and northern Kenya (Roba, 2020).

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Sumberg, James. Youth and Agriculture in Sub-Saharan Africa: Time to Reset Policy. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2021.038.

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Agriculture is widely promoted as the only economic sector capable of providing employment to the millions of rural Africans entering the labour market in the coming decades. Two competing visions vie for attention. The first is of innovative, entrepreneurial youth driving rural transformation; the second is of agriculture providing young people with little more than survival opportunities. Between these two visions are the young people themselves, actively building their livelihoods, which most often include some engagement with agriculture. Policy interventions need to better consider how young people engage with the rural economy and how they imagine their futures.

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Johnson, Eric M., Robert Urquhart, and Maggie O'Neil. The Importance of Geospatial Data to Labor Market Information. RTI Press, June 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2018.pb.0017.1806.

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School-to-work transition data are an important component of labor market information systems (LMIS). Policy makers, researchers, and education providers benefit from knowing how long it takes work-seekers to find employment, how and where they search for employment, the quality of employment obtained, and how steady it is over time. In less-developed countries, these data are poorly collected, or not collected at all, a situation the International Labour Organization and other donors have attempted to change. However, LMIS reform efforts typically miss a critical part of the picture—the geospatial aspects of these transitions. Few LMIS systems fully consider or integrate geospatial school-to-work transition information, ignoring data critical to understanding and supporting successful and sustainable employment: employer locations; transportation infrastructure; commute time, distance, and cost; location of employment services; and other geographic barriers to employment. We provide recently collected geospatial school-to-work transition data from South Africa and Kenya to demonstrate the importance of these data and their implications for labor market and urban development policy.

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