Relevant bibliographies by topics / Labour history

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Labour history'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 25 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Labour history"

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Joyce, Patrick. "Refabricating labour history; or, from labour history to the history of labour." Labour History Review 62, no. 2 (July 1997): 147–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/lhr.62.2.147.

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Prothero, Iorwerth. "Labour History." Revue française de civilisation britannique XIV, no. 4 (April 1, 2008): 129–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/rfcb.6078.

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Kirk, Neville. "UK-Australian Labour History Conference." International Labor and Working-Class History 65 (April 2004): 166–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547904000122.

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This international conference, the first of its kind to be organized in the UK, was held at the Manchester Metropolitan University and the International Centre for Labour Studies, the University of Manchester, on July 16–18, 2003. The conference organizers were Neville Kirk, MMU, on behalf of the Society for the Study of Labour History, Anne Morrow, on behalf of the International Centre for Labour Studies, and Greg Patmore, University of Sydney, for the Australian Society for the Study of Labour History. The aim was to bring together invited speakers in order to advance our knowledge and understanding of the labor history of Britain and Australia. Feedback received by the organizers suggests that this aim was successfully realized. However, attendance on the part of British colleagues was somewhat disappointing, perhaps a reflection of the minority interest among British labor historians in comparative history.
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Berger, Stefan. "“German Labour History is Back”—Announcing the Foundation of the German Labour History Association." International Labor and Working-Class History 97 (2020): 185–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547920000095.

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When the curtain closed on the first conference of the German Labour History Association (GLHA) that dealt with the topic “Freedom of Labour under Capitalism” and took place at the Institute for Social Movements, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, from February 6 to 8, 2020, the sixty plus members that had been in attendance were agreed: “German Labour History is back.” This was a statement that was repeated on the banner of the GLHA proudly presenting its logo and summarizing its ambitions to unite all labor historians across German-speaking areas.
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Price, Richard. "Histories of Labour and Labour History." Labour History Review 75, no. 3 (December 2010): 263–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/174581810x12833520558472.

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Belchem, John. "Reconstructing labour history." Labour History Review 62, no. 3 (January 1997): 318–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/lhr.62.3.318.

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Frank, David. "Teaching Labour History." Labour / Le Travail 31 (1993): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25143679.

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TANNER, DUNCAN. "Scottish Labour History." Twentieth Century British History 3, no. 2 (1992): 191–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tcbh/3.2.191.

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Petrick, Fritz, and Michel F. Scholz. "Norwegian Labour History." International Review of Social History 39, no. 1 (April 1994): 93–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002085900011243x.

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Jost, Hans Ulrich. "Swiss Labour History." International Review of Social History 34, no. 3 (December 1989): 485–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859000009482.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Labour history"

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Stubbs, Thomas Henry. "Labour Market Segmentation and the Reserve Army of Labour: Theory, History, Future." The University of Waikato, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2782.

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This thesis begins by revisiting and building on themes of labour market segmentation, with particular reference given to Marx's seminal account of segmentation in Capital, Vol.1 (Chapter 25). Marx distinguishes between an active army - the stable full-time employed - and the relative surplus population - the precariously employed reserve army and the residual surplus - and suggests further fragmentation of these main groups into sub-strata. Marx's perspective of segmentation is grounded in fragments of a general theory of employment that, as a long-term tendency, identifies continual advances in constant capital that abolish work and proliferate the reserve army. This thesis builds on these themes by formulating a concept, the 'transference dynamic', which underpins a general theory of employment segmentation. A short history of segmentation under capitalism traces recent phases of development in both developed and lesser-developed nations. Stress is placed on the role of political configurations that regulate capitalism in ways that can either counter the general tendency, such is the case under the Fordist model of capitalism, or strengthen its logic. The theory of employment segmentation and the lessons drawn from the historical account are spliced together with an analysis of the contemporary phase of capitalism, labelled here as the neoliberal model of development. It is demonstrated that the coercive international regulatory dynamic of the neoliberal model reasserts and extends the competitive principle of the capitalist mode of production. Through this extension, nations are transformed into competition-states vying for scarce and globally mobile capital to operate on their shores - the primary source of national prosperity and employment - by implementing capital-friendly neoliberalized policy. This analysis of neoliberal global capitalism reveals an expanding surplus population within a context of deepening international segmentation. This employment crisis is expressed as a hierarchy of nations that is determined in part by their uneven development. Those at the bottom of the hierarchy, comprising a majority portion of the world's population, contain a massive reserve army and residual surplus population unincorporated into wage-based capitalism, without any obvious support of means of life and with little hope for the future. Finally, mainstream solutions are criticized for failing to address either long-run or contemporary drivers of the employment crisis. In response, this thesis pitches a project of multi-faceted radical reform that counter-regulates capitalism by adopting a combination of local, national, regional and global forms of democratic socialist governance.
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Griffiths, Clare Victoria Joanne. "Labour and the countryside : rural strands in the British Labour movement, 1900-1939." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.338949.

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Dalton, Raymond David. "Labour and the municipality : Labour politics in Leeds 1900-1914." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2000. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/4872/.

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This thesis examines the emergence of the Labour Party in Leeds, from its establishment as the Leeds Labour Representation Committee in 1902 up to the outbreak of the First World War. This will include a description and analysis of the very different political features of the Labour Party in Leeds in the parliamentary and municipal elections in this period. While only able to have elected one member of parliament before 1914, the Labour Party was to obtain a presence on the City Council in 1903 and by 1914 became the second largest party. The success of the Labour Party in municipal politics was due to the willingness of most trade unions in Leeds to join with the Independent Labour Party in giving it political and financial support. This was achieved by the Party's advocacy of municipal government as a vehicle of social reform. In particular, they argued in favour of using the trading profits of municipally owned services for the financing of these reforms. A powerful voice in the Leeds Labour Party was provided by the unions organising municipal workers. As a result, the Labour group was to act as their defenders on the City Council in the face of a hostile Conservative-Liberal majority. However, the Party in Leeds was to establish a broad base of support from the trade union and socialist movements in the city, which enabled it to survive relatively unscathed the defeat of a general strike of municipal workers in 1913 and 1914.
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Harrison, Sharon Maree. "Belgian labour in Nazi Germany : a social history." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/17582.

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The Nazis' deployment of foreigners (Ausländereinsatz) between 1939 and 1945 established one of the largest forced labour programs since the abolition of slavery during the nineteenth century. Foreign civilians from across Europe were deployed in Germany's war economy. Between 350,000 and 400,000 Belgian civilians were deployed in Germany during the Second World War- roughly half of these workers went to Germany voluntarily, but under a degree of pressure due to the Military Administration's economic policies in occupied Belgium. This thesis examines the implementation of the Nazi forced labour program through the analysis of the lives of Belgians who worked in Germany in the period 1940-1945 and by using a variety of original sources, including the records of the German Military Administration in Belgium and German and Belgian labour officials and the accounts of those who lived and worked in Germany. This thesis proposes a social history of the Nazi foreign labour program with a strong focus on the history of everyday life, drawing extensively on records such as letters, diaries, photographs and personal accounts of Belgians who worked in Germany during the Second World War, as well as hospital, police and judicial records. The employment patterns and experiences of Belgians deployed in Germany are examined through detailed case studies of Berlin and Düsseldorf, industrialised cities where Belgians were deployed in significant numbers. The Nazi regime divided Belgium's population along linguistic lines: Belgians were officially subject to differentiated treatment based on whether they were Flemings or Walloons. Examining the treatment of Belgians by the Nazi regime and comparing Nazi racial policies and practice, this thesis emphasises the key role played by local authorities, employers and individual Germans in shaping the experiences of foreign workers. It is argued that an important distinction must be made in relation to the material advantages western European workers enjoyed due to their elevated position in the Nazi racial hierarchy and the benefits individual foreign workers were able to secure by virtue of their employment skills, linguistic skills and greater confidence. The experiences of Belgian workers are also compared and contrasted with those of other national groups and are related to the broader history of foreign labour in Nazi Germany. This study also examines the experiences of Belgian women. While Belgian women represented close to 15 percent of Belgians deployed in Germany, studies of Belgian labour in Germany have largely overlooked their experiences. Utilising the limited available sources, this thesis contributes to an understanding of women's experiences. By focussing on the social history of the Ausländereinsatz and the stories of individual Belgians, this thesis maps the varied experiences of Belgians in Germany during the Second World War, illustrating convergence and divergence from Nazi racial policy and the fundamental role ordinary Germans played. More importantly, however, this thesis shows that Belgian civilian workers were not just passive victims of the German occupation. The decision to go to Germany to work was a personal one for many Belgian volunteers, based on individual circumstances. In difficult economic times and with no end to the war in sight, Belgians sought to navigate the best course for themselves and their families. While conscripts were by definition not free, as western Europeans Belgians were afforded greater rights and legal protections, which ensured they had room for manoeuvre and were able to exercise a significant degree of control over their own destinies.
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McCarry, Thomas John. "Labour and society in Swansea, 1887-1918." Thesis, Swansea University, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.278074.

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Myconos, George 1959. "The globalization(s) of organized labour, 1860-2003." Monash University, School of Political and Social Inquiry, 2003. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/9385.

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Leckcivilize, Attakrit. "Essays on labour economics." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2013. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/866/.

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Empirical studies in labour economics often suffer from endogeneity problems. Employing exogenous variations in policies and natural shock, this thesis investigates three topics. The �first two topics concern labour market phenomena in Thailand, whereas the third provides a case study of labour demand adjustment after an international supply chain shock. Chapter 2 assesses the impact of minimum wage policy on wage inequality in Thailand. The result is rather mixed. Although the minimum wage effectively reduces wage inequality among workers in formal sectors, it does not affect the wage distribution in the informal sector at all. The evidence suggests that such a result is mainly driven by weak law enforcement. Meanwhile, using changes in compulsory schooling law, chapter 3 provides consistent estimates of the rates of return to education in Thailand. Based on the IV method, only female employees experience a positive and significant return to (upper primary) education. Interestingly, the size and direction of bias of the estimator, especially for male sub-sample, are not consistent with the conventional result. The possible reasons underlying these �findings are elaborated. Chapter 4 relies on a different type of shock. The Great Tohoku Earthquake and Tsunami 2011 is treated as an external shock to the international supply chain of Auto industry. Then I estimate the impact of the supply chain disruption on labour inputs adjustment in the US auto industry. Despite the break down in supply chain of motor vehicle parts and accessories among Japanese auto companies, these �firms do not seem to reduce their labour inputs (used as a proxy for changes in production) significantly except for a small drop in average monthly earnings of workers in Japanese assembly plants. Also, their competitors make only slight adjustment to capitalize on the Japanese loss. Regarding other margins of adjustment, there is no evidence in support of the adjustment through import or price. Yet inventories and sales incentive appear to be major tools employed to mitigate either positive demand or negative supply shocks on both groups of companies.
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Sibly, Suzyrman. "Analyses of work absenteeism using event history models." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270174.

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Cushion, Stephen. "Organised labour and the Cuban revolution, 1952-1959." Thesis, School of Advanced Study, University of London, 2013. http://sas-space.sas.ac.uk/4901/.

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The standard historiography sees the working class as a passive bystander in the insurrectionary phase of the Cuban revolution, assuming that the real struggle was conducted by a rural guerrilla army. However, an examination of the archival evidence contradicts this view and shows that workers played a much more active role in the defeat of the Batista regime than they are normally given credit for. At the start of the 1950s, Cuba was suffering a crisis in profitability as the world price of sugar declined. This led the employers to conduct a productivity drive backed by the full repressive force of the Cuban state. Going on strike in a dictatorship is a life or death decision and workers need to feel some confidence in their chances of survival and in the possibility of successfully gaining a result that would be in their political and economic interests. Thus, following the defeat of a wave of militantly organised strikes in 1955, significant numbers of working class militants felt of the need for armed support to enable them defend their wages and conditions. Starting from the city of Guantánamo and spreading to cover most of the island, these activists constructed an impressive, clandestine, working class organisation in alliance with the rebel army which, after several failed attempts, proved capable of calling a successful general strike in January 1959. This strike was crucial to the rebel victory. This thesis, based on primary source material found in archives and private collections in Havana, Manzanillo, Guantánamo and Santiago de Cuba, will re-examine working class participation in the Cuban insurrection of the 1950s, concentrating on organised labour rather than the role of individual citizens.
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Bowden, Roy Edward. "The problems of boy labour and blind-alley occupations within the context of the labour markets of Brighton and Portsmouth, 1870-1939." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.242578.

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Books on the topic "Labour history"

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Patmore, Greg. Australian labour history. Melbourne: Longman Cheshire, 1991.

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Lewis, Patrick. Caribbean labour history. Willemstad, Curac ʹao: Caribbean Institute of Social Formation, 1987.

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Pollard, Sidney. Labour history and the labour movement in Britain. Brookfield, Vt: Ashgate, 1999.

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Fowler, Simon. Sources for labour history. London: PRO Publications, 1995.

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Fowler, Simon. Sources for labour history. Richmond: LabourHeritage, 1991.

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H, Irving T., ed. Challenges to labour history. Sydney, NSW, Australia: UNSW Press, 1994.

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James, Connolly. Labour in Irish history. London: Bookmarks, 1987.

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O'Connor, Emmet. A labour history of Waterford. Waterford: Waterford Trades Council, 1989.

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Jay, Bercuson David, ed. Canadian labour history: Selected readings. Toronto: Copp Clark Pitman, 1987.

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British labour history, 1815-1914. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "Labour history"

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Potts, Alex. "Labour." In Keywords for Marxist Art History Today, 69–76. Göttingen: V&R unipress, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.14220/9783737011143.69.

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Trotter, David. "Labour." In The English Novel in History 1895–1920, 27–48. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315002088-3.

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Puirséil, Niamh. "Economic and Labour History." In Palgrave Advances in Irish History, 100–126. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230238992_4.

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Winstedt, R. O. "Labour: Health: Education:." In Malaya and its History, 124–34. London: Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003464495-13.

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Mitchell, Austin. "Reinterpreting Labour’s History of Failure." In The Labour Party, 178–82. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230595583_13.

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Haraksingh, Kusha. "Labour movements in Caribbean history." In General History of the Caribbean, 283–307. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-73776-5_11.

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"Forgetting history." In New Labour, Old Labour, 326–33. Routledge, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203494820-28.

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"LABOUR HISTORY." In Modern England, 1901–1984, 57–62. Cambridge University Press, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511471025.011.

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Fyson, Robert. "Labour History." In The Modern Period 1830–1999, 279–310. Liverpool University Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.5949/liverpool/9780853237167.003.0006.

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Wright, Robert E., and Richard Sylla. "Labour." In The History of Corporate Finance, 150–66. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003074229-8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Labour history"

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Kimber, Julie. "Issues on War and Peace." In 14th Biennial Labour History Conference, edited by Phillip Deery. Australian Society for the Study of Labour Histor, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5263/isp.

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Isroilov, Bokhodir, Gaybulla Alimov, and Bobokul Toshev. "Prosecution of Legal Entities: History, Theory, Practice and Proposals." In VIII International Scientific and Practical Conference 'Current problems of social and labour relations' (ISPC-CPSLR 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210322.127.

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"The Population of the Tajik SSR During the Great Patriotic War (1941–1945): Problem Statement." In XII Ural Demographic Forum “Paradigms and models of demographic development”. Institute of Economics of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17059/udf-2021-1-10.

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Based on the analysis of works on the history of Tajikistan during the Great Patriotic War, the article reveals that the topic of the history of the Republic’s population has not received sufficient research. Tajik historians have focused on economic development, primarily in agriculture, labour feat and assistance to the front. In recent years, various papers were published about the difficult living conditions of the population, work of health authorities, reception and accommodation of evacuees and special settlers. Analysis of archival intelligence demonstrated that statistical information about the population contained in the archives of Tajikistan and Russia will form the basis for studying demographic processes in war conditions.
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Murat, Sedat, Sefer Şener, and Burcu Kılınç Savrul. "The Role of Economic Integration in Trade Openness: The Black Sea Economic Cooperation Organization Case." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c04.00832.

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Trade liberalization is one of the greatest economic arguments of the economics and it is claimed that trade openness is a crucial phenomenon for the well-being of nations since Adam Smith. Although various practices have been seen in different parts of the world in the history, from 1980s trade liberalization movements have been the dominant trend. However liberalization of trade in developing countries brought debates in economic literature and it is argued that open trade can have catastrophic effects instead of providing growth and welfare to the practitioner countries. In this study if The Black Sea Economic Cooperation Organization had contributed the member states to liberalize their trade has been investigated. The changes in the rates of inward and outward investment, import, export, population and labour force of the member countries during the establishment period of the Organization has been evaluated. The data is collected from Worldbank National Accounts Database, IMF World Economic Outlook and Balance of Payments Database and UNCTAD. The results of the study has shown that although the establishment of the organization had positive effect on investment and trade flows of the countries, it had no effect on labour flows of the member states.
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Arijs, Hilke. "I value, you value, we value… but what’s the value?" In SOIMA 2015: Unlocking Sound and Image Heritage. International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18146/soima2015.2.09.

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Today‚ audiovisual collections account for a large portion of the world’s memory. They are part of museums, serve as research documents for various types of scientific institution, register history and provide us with a tangible witness of our most precious memories. Even though sound and image collections are generally accepted as being part of our cultural heritage, determining how to open such collections to a large audience is far from simple. Although value and signi cance assessments are increasingly used as collection management tools, they are labour intensive and organizationally demanding activities for collection managers and institutions. Nevertheless such assessments are vital to ensure proper collection management today and in the future. Likewise they provide us with an excellent tool in communicating about audiovisual collections, prioritizing in case of digitization and rendering their management comprehensible. This paper outlines a three-step methodology designed to facilitate assessing value in audiovisual collections.
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Ayodele, Emmanuel, Oshogwe Akpogomeh, Freda Amuah, and Gloria Maduabuchi. "African Continental Free Trade Agreement: the Pros and Cons on the Oil and Gas Industry in Nigeria." In SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/207164-ms.

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Abstract Nigeria has oil and gas as her major source of revenue, accounting for more than 80% of her foreign exchange, with the AfCFTA, that has been signed and ratified not just by Nigeria but by other African countries taking away tariffs on goods and services produced across the continent irrespective of the market where it's been sold. The AfCFTA being the second largest free trade agreement in the history of World Trade Organization is aimed at uniting African markets. This paper aims to review the framework of the continental free trade agreement, it pros and cons, its grey area, and its impact on the Oil and Gas Industry in Nigeria. The impact of the agreement on the local industries servicing the oil and gas industry is considered as well. The paper reviews the possible advantage of the AfCFTA on the Nigerian oil and gas market. The possible threats to nationalization in the oil and gas industry due to the availability of cheap labour and technical expertise across the continent in the country is analyzed. Solutions to protect the oil and gas industry in Nigeria is recommended as well.
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Kravchenko, Oksana, and Halyna Kucher. "Social work with elderly people in the territorial community." In Sociology – Social Work and Social Welfare: Regulation of Social Problems. Видавець ФОП Марченко Т.В., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/sosrsw2023.129.

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Abstract. Dyvosvit University of the Third Age is a joint project of the Department of Labour and Social Protection of the Population of Uman City Council and Pavlo Tychyna Uman Pedagogical University. The main goal is to implement the principle of lifelong learning of elderly people and support physical, psychological, and social abilities. Its task is to provide educational services, attract the elderly to an active social life, preserve their physical, mental, and spiritual health, learn the history of their native land, information technology, etc. The University hosts: the Faculty of Local History Education and Organization of Recreation and Tourism; the Faculty of Humanities and Law Education; the Faculty of Applied and Decorative Arts; the Faculty of Folk Singing; the Faculty of Computer Competence. The provision of such an educational service should ensure: arrangement of conditions for and promotion of holistic development of elderly people; reintegration of elderly people into the active life of society; assistance to elderly people in adapting to modern living conditions by mastering new knowledge, in particular on the ageing process and its features; modern methods of preserving health; acquisition of self-help skills; shaping of the principles of a healthy lifestyle; the framework legislation regarding elderly people and its application in practice; shaping and development of skills for using the latest technologies, primarily information and communication technologies; potential and opportunities for volunteer work; improving the quality of life of elderly people by providing them with access to state-of-the-art technologies and adapting them to technological transformations; development of practical skills; opportunity to expand communication and exchange experience. Keywords: social service, elderly people, lifelong learning, university of the third age.
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Kora, N. A. "CHARASSMENT IN THE SPHERE OF LABOR." In RUSSIAN LEGAL SYSTEM: HISTORY, MODERNITY, DEVELOPMENT TRENDS. Amur State University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22250/lsr.2021.8.

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Vasilevska, Daina. "OUTSOURCING AS A TOOL FOR THE QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF ENTERPRISES IN THE BALTIC REGION." In 9th SWS International Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES - ISCSS 2022. SGEM WORLD SCIENCE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35603/sws.iscss.2022/s04.047.

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One of the main economic laws that determine the development of not only the economy but also the whole society, is the division of labour and specialisation, first formulated by economists of the classical school. Many events in the history of mankind, including the current process of globalisation, can be explained in terms of the manifestation of this law. In fact, globalisation leads to the formation of "centers" and "peripheries" in the socio-economic system of the world, each of which specialises in certain types of economic activity. The action of this law at the micro level (companies, associations, countries) is manifested in the form of such a phenomenon as outsourcing. The term "outsourcing" is widely known in management theory. In the context of the economic downturn, which is observed in most countries of the world, the issue of maintaining competitiveness has become very relevant for enterprises. In this situation, the need to search for new, more modern approaches to management has become obvious. Many business leaders see the transfer of non-core functions of the enterprise to outsourcing as one of the solutions to the problem. The purpose of the study is to identify the main advantages and risks of using outsourcing in business by conducting a survey of entrepreneurs operating in the Baltic market. In the final part of the study, the author formulates the basic principles for evaluating the effectiveness of outsourcing in an enterprise. For the analysis, the author used the main types of outsourcing, such as production outsourcing, IT outsourcing, business process outsourcing, and knowledge management outsourcing.
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Sillers, R. W., S. Kariyawasam, and B. S. Smith. "Corrosion Defect Management Based on a Quantitative Growth Approach." In 2004 International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2004-0391.

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Enbridge Pipelines Inc. operates one of the longest and most complex pipeline systems in the world. As such, thorough, system-wide understanding of defect behavior is a critical aspect of Enbridge’s Integrity Management Program (IMP). To enhance understanding of corrosion behavior, and aid in determination of in-line inspection revalidation intervals, a quantitative corrosion defect assessment approach has been developed and implemented for the Enbridge system. To date nine trap-to-trap pipeline sections have been completed using this approach. Utilizing defect data from consecutive high-resolution corrosion in-line inspection tool runs in correlation with pipe attribute information and environmental characteristics, a statistical approach has been developed to determine the distribution of the corrosion growth rates along these nine sections of pipeline. Validation was achieved through comparison with other corrosion growth rate assessment methods. This comparison was also used to develop refinements to the approach. The approach provided an upper-bound estimate of corrosion growth and was considered appropriate for system-wide application where other defect-by-defect comparison methods can be time, labour, and cost intensive. Use of this upper-bound estimate of corrosion growth in combination with field metrics, operational history of the pipeline, defect trending and, where available, additional sources of corrosion growth rate determination have provided the operator with an effective, practical, and defensible tool set for determining subsequent in-line inspection reassessment intervals across the pipeline system. Data integration inherent in the process has also provided valuable insight regarding corrosion growth rate drivers as affected by pipeline and environmental factors. While focusing on trap-to-trap sections of the Enbridge system that have been inspected with multiple high-resolution in-line inspection tools, this paper/presentation will also discuss a statistical corrosion growth rate approach for trap-to-trap sections with only one high-resolution in-line inspection run.
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Reports on the topic "Labour history"

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Harris, Bernard. Anthropometric history and the measurement of wellbeing. Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1553/populationyearbook2021.rev02.

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It has often been recognised that the average height of a population is influencedby the economic, social and environmental conditions in which it finds itself, andthis insight has inspired a generation of historians to use anthropometric data toinvestigate the health and wellbeing of past populations. This paper reviews someof the main developments in the field, and assesses the extent to which heightremains a viable measure of historical wellbeing. It explores a number of differentissues, including the nature of human growth; the impact of variations in diet andexposure to disease; the role of ethnicity; the relationships between height, mortalityand labour productivity; and the “social value” of human stature. It concludes that,despite certain caveats, height has retained its capacity to act as a “mirror” of theconditions of past societies, and of the wellbeing of their members.
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Thorsen, Dorte, and Roy Maconachie. Children’s Work in West African Cocoa Production: Drivers, Contestations and Critical Reflections. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/acha.2021.005.

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Cocoa farming in West Africa has a long history of relying on family labour, including children’s labour. Increasingly, global concern is voiced about the hazardous nature of children’s work, without considering how it contributes to their social development. Using recent research, this paper maps out the tasks undertaken by boys and girls of different ages in Ghana and how their involvement in work considered hazardous has changed. We show that actions to decrease potential harm are increasingly difficult and identify new areas of inquiry.
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Cannon, Mariah, and Pauline Oosterhoff. Bonded: Life Stories from Agricultural Communities in South-Eastern Nepal. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/clarissa.2021.003.

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In the Terai region of South-Eastern Nepal, there persists a form of agricultural bonded labour called Harwa-Charwa, rooted in agricultural feudal social relations. The Terai has a long and dynamic political history with limited employment opportunities and high levels of migration. This paper is an external qualitative analysis of over 150 life stories from individuals living in an area with high levels of bonded labour. These stories were previously analysed during a workshop through a collective participatory analysis. Both the participatory analysis and external analysis found similar mechanisms that trap people in poverty and bonded labour. The disaggregation by age in the external analysis could explain why child marriage and child labour were very important in the collective analysis but did not match the results of a baseline survey in the same geographical area that found only a few cases. The respondents were aged between 15 and 65. Child marriage and child labour had shaped the lives of the adults but have since decreased. Methodologically, the different ways of analysis diverge in their ability to differentiate timelines. The participatory analysis gives historical insights on pathways into child labour, but although some of the social norms persist this situation has changed.
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Amanor, Kojo, Joseph Yaro, and Joseph Teye. Long-Term Patterns of Change in the Commercialisation of Cocoa in Ghana: Forest Frontiers and Technological Transformation. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/apra.2021.045.

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The commercialisation of cocoa production in Ghana has a long history dating back to the nineteenth century. The process of commercial development in cocoa is well documented and provides an alternative mode to contemporary models of commercialisation rooted in the adoption of modern technology and integration of farmers into markets. This working paper critically analyses frameworks for agricultural commercialisation in cocoa through intensification based on the uptake of synthetic inputs and hybrid seeds, by placing agricultural development within a broader framework of the historical development of the frontier in Ghana, and the related problems of ecological and economic crises. The study examines access to land, labour and technology, and how the complex interactions of scarcity of access to physical resources and labour influence farmers’ farming strategies and adoption of technology.
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Amanor, Kojo, Joseph Yaro, and Joseph Teye. Long-Term Change, Commercialisation of Cocoa Farming, and Agroecosystems and Forest Rehabilitation in Ghana. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/apra.2022.002.

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Cocoa production has a long history in Ghana, originating in the late nineteenth century. Since then, cocoa production has seen significant changes. Originally, cocoa was cultivated in newly cleared forests in which many forest trees were preserved as shade trees. Cocoa is ideally suited to these conditions and produces high yields with minimum investment in labour and inputs. However, over time, as the forest conditions change, the cost of cultivating cocoa has increased and yields have declined. As long as new forest frontiers exist, farmers have continued to move into these areas, which have displaced older areas of cultivation, since the costs of production are significantly lower in the new frontiers. In recent years, however, new forest frontiers have declined and most cocoa farmers have been forced to rehabilitate and replant cocoa in open land. This study examines the rational of frontier development; changes in land relations, labour relations and use of technology; and the impact of these factors on different categories of farmers, including women and youth. This is developed through two comparative case studies drawn from the older cocoa frontier of the Eastern Region, and the more recent frontier of Western North Region.
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Guðmundsdóttir, Hjördís, Maja Brynteson, and Sigrid Jessen. Should I stay or should I go? Early career mobility and migration drivers. Nordregio, October 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/wp2023:71403-2511.

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Where do young people wish to settle down, and why? Recent data show a high level of internal migration among young adults in the Nordic region, with a striking differences in migration intensities between people in their 20s compared to people in their 30s. Exploring current trends in mobility is vital for regional integration and prosperity, planning provisions and projections. The attraction of young individuals from urban areas and university towns to non-metropolitan regions is an important source of economic growth for many regions. The review of young people's mobility behaviour in the early career stage in the Nordic countries highlights that migration decisions are influenced by a set of various push and pull factors, working simultaneously. It is important to understand the background of the mover, where the behavior of the mover is impacted by educational background and industrial specialisation, geographical origin, gender, income-level and civic status. Learning more about current migration drivers and migration aspirations of the early career cohorts in the Nordic countries will help policymakers to shape the future of Nordic labour markets and better prepare the future labour supply and demands in rural areas. This working paper present the main findings from previous studies on migration drivers and will serve as a baseline for the data collection on migration history and migration aspirations of young people in the Nordic countries.
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Mora-Sanguinetti, Juan S., Javier Quintana, Isabel Soler, and Rok Spruk. Sector-level economic effects of regulatory complexity: evidence from Spain. Madrid: Banco de España, April 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53479/29854.

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This paper studies for the first time the impact on various measures of economic efficiency of regulatory complexity by sector in Spain. We base our analysis on an innovative database that classifies 206,777 regulations by economic sector and region, which highlights the growing volume of regulation, as well as its diversity by sector, region and business cycle stage. This analysis first looks at the aggregate impacts of sectoral regulatory complexity on the employment-to-population ratio, total working hours, sectoral GDP shares, labour intensity and capital intensity. Secondly it delves into the heterogeneous impacts observed across firms of different sizes and ages, drawing on the MCVL (Continuous Work History Sample), a rich database at the enterprise level. On the first front, we estimate a set of multiple fixed-effects model specifications across 13 economic sectors, 23 regulatory sectors and 17 Spanish regions over the period 1995-2020. Our results suggest that greater regulatory complexity has a negative impact on the employment rate and on value added. The effect on employment is consistent with previous findings for the United States. In particular, ceteris paribus, each additional increase in the regulatory complexity index is associated with a 0.7 percent drop in the sector-level employment share. Furthermore, our findings suggest that several distortionary sector-level effects of increasing regulatory complexity are taking place. For instance, markedly lower labour intensity and decreased sector-level investment rates, which confirm that greater regulatory complexity entails non-trivial sector-level costs. Distortionary effects of regulatory complexity materialise through compositional differences, mainly in the form of reduced wages and a lower investment rate.
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Rosenbloom, Joshua, and William Sundstrom. Labor-Market Regimes in U.S. Economic History. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, June 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w15055.

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Naidu, Suresh, and Noam Yuchtman. Labor Market Institutions in the Gilded Age of American Economic History. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, March 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w22117.

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Goldin, Claudia. The U-Shaped Female Labor Force Function in Economic Development and Economic History. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, April 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w4707.

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