Journal articles on the topic 'Labor turnover Mathematical models'
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1
Gemmell, Neil J., Aidin Jalilzadeh, Raphael K. Didham, Tanya Soboleva, and Daniel M. Tompkins. "The Trojan female technique: a novel, effective and humane approach for pest population control." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 280, no. 1773 (December 22, 2013): 20132549. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.2549.
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Humankind's ongoing battle with pest species spans millennia. Pests cause or carry disease, damage or consume food crops and other resources, and drive global environmental change. Conventional approaches to pest management usually involve lethal control, but such approaches are costly, of varying efficiency and often have ethical issues. Thus, pest management via control of reproductive output is increasingly considered an optimal solution. One of the most successful such ‘fertility control’ strategies developed to date is the sterile male technique (SMT), in which large numbers of sterile males are released into a population each generation. However, this approach is time-consuming, labour-intensive and costly. We use mathematical models to test a new twist on the SMT, using maternally inherited mitochondrial (mtDNA) mutations that affect male, but not female reproductive fitness. ‘Trojan females’ carrying such mutations, and their female descendants, produce ‘sterile-male’-equivalents under natural conditions over multiple generations. We find that the Trojan female technique (TFT) has the potential to be a novel humane approach for pest control. Single large releases and relatively few small repeat releases of Trojan females both provided effective and persistent control within relatively few generations. Although greatest efficacy was predicted for high-turnover species, the additive nature of multiple releases made the TFT applicable to the full range of life histories modelled. The extensive conservation of mtDNA among eukaryotes suggests this approach could have broad utility for pest control.
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Mishchenko, V., L. Taraniuk, and I. Domnina. "PREVENTIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE FINANCIAL CONDITION OF THE ENTERPRISE FROM THE POSITION OF POSSIBLE BANKRUPTCY RELEVANCE OF RESEARCH." Vìsnik Sumsʹkogo deržavnogo unìversitetu, no. 3 (2020): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/1817-9215.2020.3-5.
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Relevance of research. The actualization of the assessment of the financial condition of the enterprise from the standpoint of possible bankruptcy is indisputable, taking into account the impact of both external and internal factors on the work of the enterprise. The purpose of the study: to develop a methodological approach to preventive assessment of the financial condition of the enterprise, taking into account internal and external factors influencing its economic activity from the standpoint of possible bankruptcy. Methodology and scientific methods: methods of comparative analysis, economic-mathematical modeling, system approach are used. Research results: the article considers scientific trends and problems of assessing the financial condition of enterprises using different methodological approaches. The most well-known formed discriminant models of foreign and domestic scientists are characterized, taking into account their advantages and disadvantages in conducting economic assessment of the financial condition of enterprises. Features and possibilities of application of these models at the domestic enterprises of a machine-building complex are stated. The necessity to develop a dynamic operational model of preventive management is substantiated, which makes it possible to take into account both internal and external national factors and foreign indicators. Unlike the existing ones, this model considers not only financial indicators (profitability ratio, current liquidity ratio, asset turnover, autonomy ratio), but also their importance in the dynamics, as well as taking into account external factors of the country in which the company operates. A new methodological approach for assessing the financial condition of the enterprise with the inclusion of national factors of enterprises and performance indicators of foreign economic entities is proposed. The proposed method of assessing the company in the dynamics in relation to each time to the previous year in terms of bankruptcy characterizes the effectiveness of management and is a signal to take precautions regardless of the stage of the life cycle of the enterprise or its products. The information support of this model serves as a basis for the formation of the company's self-management system. Research framework / possibility of using the results: the proposed methodological approach has an international character and can be used by single-industry enterprises of different countries to assess their financial and economic, marketing, organizational, production, logistics activities, especially when looking for business partners. Practical significance: assessment of the bankruptcy probability index at 12 machine-building enterprises of Ukraine was carried out, conclusions were made on the location of enterprises in the bankruptcy zone. Social consequences: the results of this assessment lead to management decisions by the management of machine-building enterprises on the optimization of jobs, labor movement, internal and external staff rotation.
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Rogerson, Richard, Robert Shimer, and Randall Wright. "Search-Theoretic Models of the Labor Market: A Survey." Journal of Economic Literature 43, no. 4 (November 1, 2005): 959–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/002205105775362014.
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We survey the literature on search-theoretic models of the labor market. We show how this approach addresses many issues, including the following: Why do workers sometimes choose to remain unemployed? What determines the lengths of employment and unemployment spells? How can there simultaneously exist unemployed workers and unfilled vacancies? What determines aggregate unemployment and vacancies? How can homogeneous workers earn different wages? What are the tradeoffs firms face from different wages? How do wages and turnover interact? What determines efficient turnover? We discuss various modeling choices concerning wage determination and the meeting process, including recent models of directed search.
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Tashpulatov, A., and A. Fozilov. "Models of Labor Supply and Demand in the Rural Labor Market." Bulletin of Science and Practice 7, no. 11 (November 15, 2021): 254–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/72/31.
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The article discusses the effective use of economic and mathematical methods in the field of rural employment in labor-surplus regions. A large place in the work belongs to the development of a criterion for the optimality of the labor market and limitations in the model. The main focus is on optimizing the supply and demand of labor in rural areas.
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Sadeghi, Azadeh, Roohollah Younes Sinaki, and Gürsel A. Süer. ""Bi-objective Fuzzy Mathematical Models in a Labor-Intensive Cell"." Procedia Manufacturing 17 (2018): 222–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2018.10.040.
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Merkle, Lucie, and Klaus F. Zimmermann. "The Demographics of Labour Turnover: A Comparison of Ordinal Probit and Censored Count Data Models." Recherches économiques de Louvain 58, no. 3-4 (1992): 283–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0770451800044080.
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SummaryAs has been found in previous studies, the labor market performance of individuals is often affected by demographic determinants like cohort size, age, marriage status and family size. While most of this analysis was studied for earnings, the paper investigates the issue for labor mobility. Mobility is measured here by the number of new employers and the frequency of unemployment of an individual in a particular period. Given the discrete nature of the data, the ordinal probit model and the censored Poisson as the censored negative binomial model was estimated. Since the choice of the statistical model is not clear a priori, various model comparisons are carried out and some new pseudo-R2 measures are proposed and used in the analysis. Results indicate that demographic determinants matter for labor mobility.
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GLASS, JENNIFER L., and SARAH BETH ESTES. "Workplace Support, Child Care, and Turnover Intentions among Employed Mothers of Infants." Journal of Family Issues 17, no. 3 (May 1996): 317–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019251396017003002.
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This article looks at the determinants of job turnover among mothers of infants, using intentions to change jobs or exit the labor force assessed at 1 year postpartum among a sample of 246 employed mothers. Hypotheses were that exit intentions should be more influenced by household factors determining labor supply and other personal characteristics indicating job attachment. Additionally, whereas both types of turnover intentions should decrease as workplace supports for mothers increase, child care satisfaction should affect exit intentions more than intentions to change jobs. Results showed support for the notion that labor force exits are more strongly influenced by child care problems and measures of job attachment than are job changes, though models correcting for selectivity reveal that the child care problems are not directly influencing exit intentions. Supervisor and co-worker support impede intentions to both exit the labor force and change jobs. However, other dimensions of workplace support affected intentions to exit and intentions to change jobs differently.
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Baron, James N., Michael T. Hannan, and M. Diane Burton. "Labor Pains: Change in Organizational Models and Employee Turnover in Young, High‐Tech Firms." American Journal of Sociology 106, no. 4 (January 2001): 960–1012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/320296.
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Debiec, Jozef, Jessamyn Conell-Price, Jennifer Evansmith, Steven L. Shafer, and Pamela Flood. "Mathematical Modeling of the Pain and Progress of the First Stage of Nulliparous Labor." Anesthesiology 111, no. 5 (November 1, 2009): 1093–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0b013e3181ba3f28.
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Background Patient characteristics may contribute to the progress and pain of labor. Quantitative evaluation of the effects of patient characteristics requires robust mathematical models of labor progress and labor pain. Methods The authors retrospectively studied 100 sequential deliveries from each of five self-reported ethnic groups (Asian, Black, Hispanic, Other, and White). Demographic variables, cervical dilation, and numerical rating scores for pain before analgesia and cervical dilation were abstracted from the automated medical record. Labor progress was modeled with a biexponential function describing the latent and active phases of labor. Labor pain was modeled as a sigmoid function of cervical dilation by using a previously validated mathematical model. The covariates, including self-described ethnicity, were analyzed with NONMEM. Results The biexponential function described the time course of labor progress better than several alternative functions, including the sigmoidal function introduced by Friedman. The sigmoidal function of labor pain described its dynamic nature well, with substantial intersubject variability. Asian women had slower active labor than other ethnicities (P < 0.01). Asian women also reported less pain during their labor compared to all other patients (P < 0.001). Slower labor progress was associated with less rapid progression of pain, but this did not obviate the effect of Asian ethnicity on pain. Neuraxial analgesia is strongly associated with slower labor (P < 0.0001). Greater maternal weight was associated with slower active labor (P < 0.0001). Conclusions Mathematical models can be used to detect subtle effects of patient covariates on the progress and pain of the first stage of labor. Asian women and heavier women had slower labor and slower onset of labor pain than others. These effects were modest compared with the substantial remaining unexplained subject-to-subject variability in labor progress and labor pain.
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Kostyuchenko, Mikhail, Volodymyr Gogo, Boris Kobilyansky, Oleg Kruzhilko, Ihor Yefremov, Kyrylo Hriadushchyi, and Oleksandr Tkachuk. "ANALYSIS OF PRODUCTION RISK ON EXAMPLES OF MINERS ‘LABOR." JOURNAL of Donetsk Mining Institute, no. 2 (2021): 159–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.31474/1999-981x-2021-2-159-175.
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Objective: Based on the review of the array of publications to analyze the methods and models of general risk assessment, the nature of industrial risks and management processes on the examples of labor of coal miners. Propose a classification of mathematical models of industrial risk and identify the most appropriate model for the work of miners in the stochastic system “man-machine-environment”. Methodology: Applied to the use of situational analysis, qualimetry, probability theory and risk theory, methods of classification of occupational risks. Results: Based on a systematic analysis of multifactorial risks of emergency situations, the essence of industrial risks and management processes on the examples of coal miners, the dominant causes of industrial risk in the ergatic system (“man – machine – environment”), models and methods of risk research. Scientific novelty: For the first time on the basis of the analysis of the reasons, dynamics and consequences of industrial risks the classification of mathematical models of risks which are adapted to ergatic systems of mine production is offered. Practical value: The need for adequate practical application of risk methods and models for the assessment and measurement of industrial hazards has been proven.
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Hornstein, Andreas, Per Krusell, and Giovanni L. Violante. "Frictional Wage Dispersion in Search Models: A Quantitative Assessment." American Economic Review 101, no. 7 (December 1, 2011): 2873–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.101.7.2873.
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We propose a new measure of frictional wage dispersion: the meanmin wage ratio. For a large class of search models, we show that this measure is independent of the wage-offer distribution but depends on statistics of labor-market turnover and on preferences. Under plausible preference parameterizations, observed magnitudes for worker flows imply that in the basic search model, and in most of its extensions, frictional wage dispersion is very small. Notable exceptions are some of the most recent models of on-the-job search. Our new measure allows us to rationalize the diverse empirical findings in the large literature estimating structural search models. (JEL D81, D83, J31, J41, J64)
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Wutzler, T., and M. Reichstein. "Priming and substrate quality interactions in soil organic matter models." Biogeosciences Discussions 9, no. 12 (December 6, 2012): 17167–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-9-17167-2012.
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Abstract. Interactions between different qualities of soil organic matter (SOM) affecting their turnover are rarely represented in models. In this study we propose three mathematical strategies at different levels of abstraction for representing those interactions. Implementing these strategies into the Introductory Carbon Balance Model (ICBM) and applying them to several scenarios of litter input show that the different levels of abstraction are applicable on different time scales. We present a simple one-parameter equation of substrate limitation applicable at decadal time scale that is straightforward to implement into other models of SOM dynamics. We show how substrate quality interactions can explain priming effects, acceleration of turnover times in FACE experiments, and the slowdown of decomposition in long-term bare fallow experiments as an effect of energy limitation of microbial biomass. The mechanisms of those interactions need to be further scrutinized empirically for a more complete understanding. Overall, substrate quality interactions offer a valuable way of understanding and quantitatively modelling SOM dynamics.
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Wutzler, T., and M. Reichstein. "Priming and substrate quality interactions in soil organic matter models." Biogeosciences 10, no. 3 (March 26, 2013): 2089–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-2089-2013.
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Abstract. Interactions between different qualities of soil organic matter (SOM) affecting their turnover are rarely represented in models. In this study, we propose three mathematical strategies at different levels of abstraction to represent those interactions. By implementing these strategies into the Introductory Carbon Balance Model (ICBM) and applying them to several scenarios of litter input, we show that the different levels of abstraction are applicable at different timescales. We present a simple one-parameter equation of substrate limitation that can straightforwardly be implemented into other models of SOM dynamics at decadal timescale. The study demonstrates how substrate quality interactions can explain patterns of priming effects, accelerate turnover in FACE experiments, and the slowdown of decomposition in long-term bare fallow experiments as an effect of energy limitation of microbial biomass. The mechanisms of those interactions need to be further scrutinized empirically for a more complete understanding. Overall, substrate quality interactions contribute to both understanding and quantitatively modelling SOM dynamics.
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Ro, S., and B. Rannala. "Methylation patterns and mathematical models reveal dynamics of stem cell turnover in the human colon." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 98, no. 19 (September 11, 2001): 10519–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.201405498.
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Kovalenko, Aleksey. "Mathematical modeling of a multi-product dispersed market in the system of the world economy." Economics and the Mathematical Methods 58, no. 3 (2022): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s042473880021698-6.
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Mathematical models are built that is the development of the Walras model of the economy, both centralized and decentralized spatially dispersed economic system with the interactions of subjects of perfect and imperfect competition. The novelty of this model is determined by the introduction into the model of market entities: households, with a description of their functioning using utility functions, these households consume resources for their existence - various types of goods and produce various types of labor to obtain goods;multi-product enterprises that buy various types of commodity and labor resources; resellers who distribute products between local markets and carry out the movement of various types of labor along with the transport network from households to enterprises. When searching for an equilibrium state, the tasks of market subjects in extreme formulations are used. By organizing various types of interactions between subjects in commodity markets, markets of both perfect and imperfect competition are built. Numerical methods for the analysis of the described models have been developed. Numerical methods for finding the equilibrium state of the considered models are based on vector optimization methods.
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Kheybari, Siamak, and Reza Salehpour. "The optimization of the paddy field irrigation scheduling using mathematical programming." Water Supply 15, no. 5 (May 19, 2015): 1048–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2015.062.
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In planting rice, a significant amount of irrigation water is required to prepare the farmlands and do transplanting and this is directly related to the number of machines and workers available; that is, the more the length of plowing and transplanting process due to the lack of required machinery and labor, the more the water volume consumed. Therefore, in such conditions, it is important to have an appropriate planning for the optimized allocation of machinery and labor for the agricultural lands. Determining the optimal times of opening and closing valves based on the factors directly influencing the volume of the water in paddy fields is also of great importance. To meet the above conditions and by using linear and non-linear programming, two different models are developed in this article, with the purpose of reducing the time period of plowing and transplanting operations and also lowering the water consumption, respectively. Comparing the outputs of these two models with the real irrigation situation demonstrates the efficiency of the proposed models.
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Bocharov, Gennady, Jordi Argilaguet, and Andreas Meyerhans. "Understanding Experimental LCMV Infection of Mice: The Role of Mathematical Models." Journal of Immunology Research 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/739706.
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Virus infections represent complex biological systems governed by multiple-level regulatory processes of virus replication and host immune responses. Understanding of the infection means an ability to predict the systems behaviour under various conditions. Such predictions can only rely upon quantitative mathematical models. The model formulations should be tightly linked to a fundamental step called “coordinatization” (Hermann Weyl), that is, the definition of observables, parameters, and structures that enable the link with a biological phenotype. In this review, we analyse the mathematical modelling approaches to LCMV infection in mice that resulted in quantification of some fundamental parameters of the CTL-mediated virus control including the rates of T cell turnover, infected target cell elimination, and precursor frequencies. We show how the modelling approaches can be implemented to address diverse aspects of immune system functioning under normal conditions and in response to LCMV and, importantly, make quantitative predictions of the outcomes of immune system perturbations. This may highlight the notion that data-driven applications of meaningful mathematical models in infection biology remain a challenge.
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Baydur, Ismail. "Worker Selection, Hiring, and Vacancies." American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics 9, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 88–127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/mac.20140260.
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This paper incorporates worker selection into a random matching model with multi-worker firms. Unlike the standard Diamond-Mortensen-Pissarides (DMP) model, the extended model is compatible with cross-sectional behavior of vacancy yields, which rise with employment growth and worker turnover, but fall with establishment size. Using calibrated versions of the standard and worker selection models, I show that accounting for these patterns has quantitatively important policy implications. I also compare the worker selection and the directed search models. While both models account for these patterns equally well, they differ with regard to labor market policy. (JEL E24, J23, J63, J64)
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Irmen, Andreas. "A GENERALIZED STEADY-STATE GROWTH THEOREM." Macroeconomic Dynamics 22, no. 4 (June 27, 2016): 779–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1365100516000407.
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Is there an economic justification for why technical change is by assumption labor-augmenting in dynamic macroeconomics? The literature on the endogenous choice of capital- and labor-augmenting technical change finds that technical change is purely labor-augmenting in steady state. The present paper shows that this finding is mainly an artifact of the underlying mathematical models. To make this point, Uzawa's steady-state growth theorem is generalized to a neoclassical economy that, besides consumption and capital accumulation, uses current output to create technical progress or to manufacture intermediates. The generalized steady-state growth theorem is shown to encompass four models of endogenous capital- and labor-augmenting technical change and the typical model of the induced innovations literature of the 1960s.
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Gareeva, Zemfira, Gulnara Nizamova, Larisa Avdeeva, Irina Soloveva, and Dilara Musina. "Development of the personnel controlling model of oil organizations." SHS Web of Conferences 101 (2021): 02024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202110102024.
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The purpose of the work is to develop proposals aimed at improving the personnel controlling model of oil organizations as a tool for managing the processes of personnel turnover. The experience of applying the system of personnel controlling in foreign countries has proven to be an effective system, providing the management with the relevant information base for timely tracking of changes in the indicators of personnel management and productivity indicators. There is theoretically confirmed interrelation between personnel turnover indicators and labor productivity that predetermines the necessity of monitoring of the given indicator in the system of personnel controlling. Meanwhile, the turnover rate itself is influenced by different internal and external factors. The suggested directions of improving the personnel controlling model consist in inclusion of the additional module, which provides the analysis of the statistical reporting; suggested system of the quantitative evaluation of the production personnel quality indicators; analytical procedure of revealing the reasons of the key personnel turnover by means of introduction of the block structure of the turnover factors evaluation of this personnel category, revealed by method of expert evaluation of the oil organization workers, which allows ranking those factors and timely develop the means of its solution. Theoretical and methodological basis of the research are the actual concepts of personnel management and personnel controlling systems study and development. Methods of expert evaluation, mathematical and statistical methods, correlation and regression analysis were used to carry out the task of estimation of the proposed recommendations.
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Dolado, Juan J., Etienne Lalé, and Nawid Siassi. "From dual to unified employment protection: Transition and steady state." Quantitative Economics 12, no. 2 (2021): 547–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3982/qe1053.
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Three features of real‐life reforms of dual employment protection legislation (EPL) systems are particularly hard to study through the lens of standard labor‐market search models: (i) the excess job turnover implied by dual EPL, (ii) the nonretroactive nature of EPL reforms, and (iii) the transition dynamics from dual to a unified EPL system. In this paper, we develop a computationally tractable model addressing these issues. Our main finding is that the welfare gains of reforming a dual EPL system are sizeable and achieved mostly through a decrease in turnover at short job tenures. This conclusion continues to hold in more general settings featuring wage rigidities, heterogeneity in productivity upon matching, and human capital accumulation. We also find substantial cross‐sectional heterogeneity in welfare effects along the transition to a unified EPL scheme. Given that the model is calibrated to data from Spain, often considered as the epitome of a labor market with dual EPL, our results should provide guidance for a wide range of reforms of dual EPL systems.
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Briggs, Tobinson, and Shadrack Mathew Uzoma. "Computer Simulation Models for Profit Maximisation in a Paint Production Company." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 5, no. 1 (January 14, 2020): 8–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2020.5.1.1679.
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Paint manufacturing is an advanced area of technology in the world. Necessarily paints are applied to any structure or body for a virtuous number of reasons : corrosion protection, aesthetic features to create attractive colours on buildings to protect it from environmental degradation and none the less to protect the bodies of automobiles, aircraft, and ships from ecological damage; also to give the right shades of colours catching to the eyes and minds of customers. In this research work, mathematical models developed by the researchers were employed to maximise the profit margin of a painting Company. The mathematical optimisation models are Linear Programming production demand-based planning models. It is geared towards maximising the profit of the establishment subject to a certain number of critical constraints. Lindo computer software was employed in the simulation to access the profitability index of the company subject to demand constraints. Revenue accruable from sales of the items produced was ten million and six hundred and twenty-seven thousand sixty-two naira and fifty-three kobo (N10, 627,062.53). The different cost inputs resulted in the expenditure of ten million and six hundred and ten thousand and six forty naira (N10, 610,640.00). The profit margin is sixteen thousand four hundred and twenty-two naira and fifty-three kobo (N16,422.53). Profit optimisation maximisation procedure using Lindo Computer Software resulted in a profit margin of twenty-nine thousand one hundred and ten naira (N29,100.00). The percentage difference in profit margin is 77.26%. The simulation profit optimisation results revealed a tremendous difference in turnover margin and called for an interaction with the Academy Color Paint Company for enhancement in the turnover margin of their establishment.
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Briggs, Tobinson, and Shadrack Mathew Uzoma. "Computer Simulation Models for Profit Maximisation in a Paint Production Company." European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 5, no. 1 (January 14, 2020): 8–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2020.5.1.1679.
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Paint manufacturing is an advanced area of technology in the world. Necessarily paints are applied to any structure or body for a virtuous number of reasons : corrosion protection, aesthetic features to create attractive colours on buildings to protect it from environmental degradation and none the less to protect the bodies of automobiles, aircraft, and ships from ecological damage; also to give the right shades of colours catching to the eyes and minds of customers. In this research work, mathematical models developed by the researchers were employed to maximise the profit margin of a painting Company. The mathematical optimisation models are Linear Programming production demand-based planning models. It is geared towards maximising the profit of the establishment subject to a certain number of critical constraints. Lindo computer software was employed in the simulation to access the profitability index of the company subject to demand constraints. Revenue accruable from sales of the items produced was ten million and six hundred and twenty-seven thousand sixty-two naira and fifty-three kobo (N10, 627,062.53). The different cost inputs resulted in the expenditure of ten million and six hundred and ten thousand and six forty naira (N10, 610,640.00). The profit margin is sixteen thousand four hundred and twenty-two naira and fifty-three kobo (N16,422.53). Profit optimisation maximisation procedure using Lindo Computer Software resulted in a profit margin of twenty-nine thousand one hundred and ten naira (N29,100.00). The percentage difference in profit margin is 77.26%. The simulation profit optimisation results revealed a tremendous difference in turnover margin and called for an interaction with the Academy Color Paint Company for enhancement in the turnover margin of their establishment.
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Davis, Steven J., R. Jason Faberman, and John C. Haltiwanger. "The Establishment-Level Behavior of Vacancies and Hiring *." Quarterly Journal of Economics 128, no. 2 (March 23, 2013): 581–622. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjt002.
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Abstract This paper is the first to study vacancies, hires, and vacancy yields at the establishment level in the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey, a large sample of US employers. To interpret the data, we develop a simple model that identifies the flow of new vacancies and the job-filling rate for vacant positions. The fill rate moves counter to aggregate employment but rises steeply with employer growth rates in the cross section. It falls with employer size, rises with worker turnover rates, and varies by a factor of four across major industry groups. We also develop evidence that the employer-level hiring technology exhibits mild increasing returns in vacancies, and that employers rely heavily on other instruments, in addition to vacancies, as they vary hires. Building from our evidence and a generalized matching function, we construct a new index of recruiting intensity (per vacancy). Recruiting intensity partly explains the recent breakdown in the standard matching function, delivers a better-fitting empirical Beveridge curve, and accounts for a large share of fluctuations in aggregate hires. Our evidence and analysis provide useful inputs for assessing, developing, and calibrating theoretical models of search, matching, and hiring in the labor market.
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Hall, Kevin D. "Mathematical modelling of energy expenditure during tissue deposition." British Journal of Nutrition 104, no. 1 (February 5, 2010): 4–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114510000206.
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Predicting the magnitude and rate of weight gain for a given increase of energy intake requires a model of whole-body energy expenditure that includes the energy cost of tissue deposition. Here, I introduce a mathematical framework for modelling energy expenditure that elucidates conceptual problems with the classical Kielanowski method for estimating the efficiencies of body fat and protein deposition. An alternative approach uses the theoretical biochemical efficiencies for protein and fat synthesis in combination with models of energy expenditure that include body fat and protein turnover costs. I illustrate this alternative approach using a simple mathematical model applied to previously published data from growing rats and human infants and compare the simple model results with the classical Kielanowski model. While both models fit the data reasonably well (R2>0·87 in rats and R2>0·67 in infants), the Kielanowski method resulted in parameter estimates that varied widely across experiments, had poor precision, and occasionally produced efficiency estimates greater than 1. In contrast, the new method provided precise parameter values and revealed consistencies across different experiments. The proposed mathematical framework has implications for interpreting studies of animal nutrition as well as providing a roadmap for future modelling efforts.
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Kirschner, Denis E., and G. F. Webb. "A Mathematical Model of Combined Drug Therapy of HIV Infection." Journal of Theoretical Medicine 1, no. 1 (1997): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10273669708833004.
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A Mathematical model of the HIV infected human immune system is presented. The model consists of a system of ordinary differential equations for the populations of uninfected CD4+T cells, infected CD4+T cells and free virus in the blood. The model is constructed, and parameters chosen, so that turnover rates and life spans for these populations agree with clinical data. The model is used to simulate chemotherapy treatment of HIV infection. The simulations are based upon preliminary clinical reports of treatment with combinations of antiviral drugs involving standard reverse transcriptase inhibitors and newly developed protease inhibitors. The models incorporate the apperance of drug-resistant viral strains, which is the key limiting factor in the effectiveness of HIV Chemotherapy. The simulations focus upon the timing of treatment initiation.
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Yurgaytis, Alexey, and Kamol Kamolov. "Automation of production programs by setting conditions of stabilization of the planned system." E3S Web of Conferences 258 (2021): 09062. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125809062.
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Formation of a production program is a time-consuming variable problem. To solve it, many conditions and constraints must be taken into account. Computer power allows one to quickly and accurately solve problems with many variables, unlike a person who relies on his intuition and experience. The following materials and methods were used: collection and analysis of data from construction companies of various sizes, mathematical modeling of the processes of distributing labor resources, graphic interpretation of information, computer modeling. The stages of the problem statement: description of the organizational and technological problem of distributing labor resources, mathematical formulation, modeling and algorithmization using well-known metaheuristic approaches. In the course of solving the problem, a genetic algorithm was used that allows one to quickly find solutions in equations with many variables. The following constraints were determined: deadlines, maximum and minimum number of workers at the facility, minimum number of transfer of resources, minimum involvement of a subcontractor. As a result, all the necessary mathematical models and initial data for the development of a computer program for the automated distribution of labor resources among the facilities of the production program of the construction and installation organization were obtained.
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Qin, Xin, Peter W. Hom, and Minya Xu. "Am I a peasant or a worker? An identity strain perspective on turnover among developing-world migrants." Human Relations 72, no. 4 (July 18, 2018): 801–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018726718778097.
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Developing-world rural migrants provide crucial labor for global supply chains and economic growth in their native countries. Yet their high turnover engenders considerable organizational costs and disruptions threatening those contributions. Organizational scholars thus strive to understand why these workers quit, often applying turnover models and findings predominantly derived from the United States, Canada, England or Australia (UCEA). Predominant applications of dominant turnover theories however provide limited insight into why developing-world migrants quit given that they significantly differ from UCEA workforces in culture, precarious employment and rural-to-urban migration. Based on multi-phase, multi-source and multi-level survey data of 173 Chinese migrants working in a construction group, this study adopts an identity strain perspective to clarify why they quit. This investigation established that migrants retaining their rural identity experience more identity strain when working and living in distant urban centers. Moreover, identity strain prompts them to quit when their work groups lack supervisory supportive climates. Furthermore, migrants’ adjustment to urban workplaces and communities mediates the interactive effect of identity strain and supervisory supportive climate on turnover. Overall, this study highlighted how identity strain arising from role transitions and urban adjustment can explain why rural migrants in developing societies quit jobs.
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Heckmann, David, Anaamika Campeau, Colton J. Lloyd, Patrick V. Phaneuf, Ying Hefner, Marvic Carrillo-Terrazas, Adam M. Feist, David J. Gonzalez, and Bernhard O. Palsson. "Kinetic profiling of metabolic specialists demonstrates stability and consistency of in vivo enzyme turnover numbers." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 37 (September 1, 2020): 23182–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2001562117.
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Enzyme turnover numbers (kcats) are essential for a quantitative understanding of cells. Because kcats are traditionally measured in low-throughput assays, they can be inconsistent, labor-intensive to obtain, and can miss in vivo effects. We use a data-driven approach to estimate in vivo kcats using metabolic specialist Escherichia coli strains that resulted from gene knockouts in central metabolism followed by metabolic optimization via laboratory evolution. By combining absolute proteomics with fluxomics data, we find that in vivo kcats are robust against genetic perturbations, suggesting that metabolic adaptation to gene loss is mostly achieved through other mechanisms, like gene-regulatory changes. Combining machine learning and genome-scale metabolic models, we show that the obtained in vivo kcats predict unseen proteomics data with much higher precision than in vitro kcats. The results demonstrate that in vivo kcats can solve the problem of inconsistent and low-coverage parameterizations of genome-scale cellular models.
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Kurzenev, V. A., V. T. Perekrest, and I. V. Perekrest. "Balance Technologies for Calculating and Predictive Estimation of Labor Resources for Regional Socio-Economic Systems." Administrative Consulting, no. 4 (May 23, 2022): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/1726-1139-2022-4-35-43.
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The article analyzes the institutional and technological features of the calculus (representation) and predictive assessment of the balance of labor resources for regional economic systems.The review is carried out in the general context of the particular tasks of developing egional strategies: goal-setting, analysis and forecasting.The theoretical and practical experience of the laboratory of mathematical methods of data analysis of IPRE RAS and St. Petersburg EMI RAS (until 2018) in the framework of the direction “Economic and mathematical methods for state regulation of socially oriented economies at the regional level within the framework of innovative development models” is presented.
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Seaton, Daniel D., Oliver Ebenhöh, Andrew J. Millar, and Alexandra Pokhilko. "Regulatory principles and experimental approaches to the circadian control of starch turnover." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 11, no. 91 (February 6, 2014): 20130979. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2013.0979.
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In many plants, starch is synthesized during the day and degraded during the night to avoid carbohydrate starvation in darkness. The circadian clock participates in a dynamic adjustment of starch turnover to changing environmental condition through unknown mechanisms. We used mathematical modelling to explore the possible scenarios for the control of starch turnover by the molecular components of the plant circadian clock. Several classes of plausible models were capable of describing the starch dynamics observed in a range of clock mutant plants and light conditions, including discriminating circadian protocols. Three example models of these classes are studied in detail, differing in several important ways. First, the clock components directly responsible for regulating starch degradation are different in each model. Second, the intermediate species in the pathway may play either an activating or inhibiting role on starch degradation. Third, the system may include a light-dependent interaction between the clock and downstream processes. Finally, the clock may be involved in the regulation of starch synthesis. We discuss the differences among the models’ predictions for diel starch profiles and the properties of the circadian regulators. These suggest additional experiments to elucidate the pathway structure, avoid confounding results and identify the molecular components involved.
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Shulha, Olha, Tatiana Kostyshyna, Maryna Semykina, Liudmyla Katan, and Hanna Smirnova. "Modeling of Social Risks in the Labor Sphere." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 14, no. 10 (October 14, 2021): 488. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm14100488.
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Modern society has developed in such a way that social reality is characterized by the significant dynamics of all processes and their uncertainty. Under such conditions, risk accompanies any purposeful activity of the social subject, and, in turn, the latter is aimed at reducing the uncertainty of its results. The purpose of this paper is to form the basis of a comprehensive study of social risks in the labor sphere and to develop practical recommendations for minimizing their negative consequences. In order to determine the main factors influencing the probability for the unemployed not to work in the specialty in which they have trained, we used the data of a micro-level survey on economic activity of the population to build linear regression models based on structural variables. As a result of applying the method of economic-mathematical modeling, in particular the basics of probability theory, the models of social risks of unemployment in terms of occupational groups and employment of unemployed persons outside of the specialty they have trained in were developed. The models developed made it possible to formalize and identify patterns of supply and demand dynamics of labor in terms of professions, as well as to identify the main factors influencing the change in the probabilistic characteristics of employment of unemployed persons outside of the specialty they have trained in.
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Garkushenko, Оksana. "Economic and mathematical modelling of investments in Ukraine." Economy of Industry 3, no. 99 (September 30, 2022): 41–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/econindustry2022.03.041.
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Investments, primarily in manufacturing, are a guarantee that enterprises will be able to update their production assets in a timely manner and maintain or even strengthen their position in markets of goods and services. However, the issue of defining factors that affect the volume and dynamics of investments is quite problematic, which makes it difficult to create appropriate economic and mathematical models. Foreign and Ukrainian scientists have long been engaged in determining such factors. Usually, they include: GDP per capita of the country; the rate of economic growth; national savings; currency exchange rate; inflation; discount rate; the level of tax burden (primarily – corporate income tax); the price index for industrial products; the level of income on invested capital (return on investment coefficient); wages; labor productivity, etc. But in each country, the strength of influence of different factors may vary. The process of modeling investments is also complicated by the fact that some factors (for example, GDP per capita) are complex in themselves and depend on other factors. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to define the factors influencing investment in Ukraine and to develop appropriate economic and mathematical models, which are supposed to be used in the future to build a comprehensive system-dynamic model of the impact of digitalization on ensuring sustainable development of Ukraine. Such a comprehensive model can become not only a convenient tool for determining the consequences for industry of changes in investment volumes under the influence of various factors, but also the level of Labor morbidity and environmental pollution. According to results of the study, it was found that the volume of investment in the Ukrainian industry is most affected by the NBU discount rate. The paper suggests an appropriate investment model and justifies its adequacy. Investments in industrial digital capital are influenced by the factors of the US dollar index and tax burden, and investments in environmental digital capital are affected by factor of tax burden. However, due to the very approximate statistics on which the calculations were performed, the corresponding models are not reliable. Taking into account the results of the study, recommendations for the development of a methodology for collecting and presenting statistical information related to investments in digital equipment and technologies by enterprises of the country and digital capital for environmental and industrial purposes (by structure) are made. Their implementation will make it possible to make more accurate calculations in the future and create more reliable economic and mathematical models that can become a convenient tool for defining the directions of development of the country's economy.
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Voronkova, O. Yu, and I. N. Sycheva. "Применение экологического блока критериальных ограничений в экономико-математическом моделировании органического производства в АПК." Ukrainian Journal of Ecology 7, no. 4 (December 20, 2017): 151–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/2017_99.
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<p>The article presents a method of parallel optimization of structure of sowing areas for the calculation of economic-mathematical models. There models could be applied for traditional and oriented way towards organic production the land use system, characterized by the introduction of an additional unit of environmental criteria restrictions. We supposed that the provision of land suitable for organic production, gross production volume of organic products and the cost of its production. Based on the proposed methodology, the mathematical model proved its effectiveness of the functioning of the zonal agricultural ecosystem "Foothills of Altai". We calculated that the turnover of land suitable for organic production and the level of profitability was of 39.7% against 17.3% at optimization of the structure of sown areas under traditional agricultural production that was subject to full involvement in production of agricultural production.</p><p> </p>
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Ivchenko, I., L. Lingur, and T. Filatova. "Human resources management simulation in the IT-labor market." 101, no. 101 (December 30, 2021): 101–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.26565/2311-2379-2021-101-10.
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The article developed a mathematical model of personnel management, taking into account the specifics of the activities of IT companies. The relevance of this study is due to the fact that the tasks of personnel management are subjective. This creates certain difficulties when choosing a mathematical apparatus for building a model for the effective distribution of specialists on projects in IT companies. The purpose of the research is to study modern methods and models of personnel management and develop a mathematical model for the selection of specialists with the necessary qualifications for an IT team. The article sets the following tasks: to analyze the theoretical and methodological foundations of economic and mathematical modeling of personnel management; to develop a personnel management model in the IT labor market. The authors describe the features of the activities of recruiting specialists in IT companies. The essence of the methods of personnel management in the IT labor market is analyzed. The specificity of the work of HR-managers (human resource managers) in outsourcing and outstaffing IT companies is considered. The use of a systematic approach to personnel management is proposed, in which an IT enterprise is considered as a subsystem of an economic system of the "fragment-aspect" type. The economic and mathematical model for recruiting specialists in an IT team, developed in the article, includes two components: "Model for the formation of the qualitative composition of IT personnel" and "Model for the formation of the quantitative composition of IT personnel". Forming an effective IT team requires a certain number of specialists with professional skills and universal competencies. The constraint conditions of the model describe the qualitative characteristics of applicants, such as profession, qualifications, hard skills and soft skills of candidates, and quantitative requirements. The model is built on the basis of heuristic methods for managing socio-economic systems and allows you to form a step-by-step list of applicants for vacancies in an IT team, taking into account the professional and personal qualities of specialists and the stated requirements for them from employers. The objective function is to minimize the total time spent by HR managers to form an effective IT team, taking into account the needs of customers. The result of the model's work is the formation of a list of candidates that should be recommended for concluding an agreement with customers.
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Gorbunov, Daniil. "On a system of nonlinear differential equations integrable in quadratures." Applied Mathematics and Control Sciences, no. 2 (June 29, 2018): 30–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.15593/2499-9873/2018.2.02.
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We consider a system of two nonlinear differential equations, for which we found an approach allowing to represent a solution in the form of quadratures. The obtained results are applied to the investigation of two mathematical models. One of them describes labor market conditions in the case of closed mono-branch economy. The other model has hydrodynamic origin.
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Lyamkin, Igor V., Nikolay B. Moskovkin, and Artem V. Tunik. "Analogue-digital rating in oil pipeline transportation: methods for integration with professional qualification system." SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGIES OIL AND OIL PRODUCTS PIPELINE TRANSPORTATION 10, no. 3 (June 30, 2020): 314–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.28999/2541-9595-2020-10-3-314-334.
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The author considers the new approaches to the rating system (labor complexity evaluation) of directors and specialists of the production and structural subdivisions of Transneft system entities, based on the results of independent expert and analytical evaluation of a universal set of production and technical values, representing the subdivisions’ activities. The author performed a number of practical studies and developments in the area of forming universal mathematical models, which allow economic analysis to be carried out and establishing a justified salary as per the positions of the directors of various subdivisions, regardless of activity type and level of position. The article introduces universal systems of point-based and factor-based ranking, based on the use of innovative mathematical analysis methods (multi-innovating normalizing, decision matrices, hierarchy analysis) for obtaining normalized assessment of production activity), administrative work load and professional labor complexity. The devised analytical approaches to the selection and assessment of the performance of subdivisions provide the possibility for objective and independent calculation for rating determination (salary) both for the Transneft system as a whole and for separate structural subdivisions (observing labor laws). The represented methods have significant applicability in modern conditions – on the stage of transition to the new system of professional standards and evaluation of qualifications, as well as the rejection of traditional models, based on strict attachment to the rating and qualification system, fixed salaries, etc.
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Kim, Dongwook, Dug Hee Moon, and Ilkyeong Moon. "Balancing a mixed-model assembly line with unskilled temporary workers: algorithm and case study." Assembly Automation 38, no. 4 (September 3, 2018): 511–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aa-06-2017-070.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present the process of balancing a mixed-model assembly line by incorporating unskilled temporary workers who enhance productivity. The authors develop three models to minimize the sum of the workstation costs and the labor costs of skilled and unskilled temporary workers, cycle time and potential work overloads.Design/methodology/approachThis paper deals with the problem of designing an integrated mixed-model assembly line with the assignment of skilled and unskilled temporary workers. Three mathematical models are developed using integer linear programming and mixed integer linear programming. In addition, a hybrid genetic algorithm that minimizes total operation costs is developed.FindingsComputational experiments demonstrate the superiority of the hybrid genetic algorithm over the mathematical model and reveal managerial insights. The experiments show the trade-off between the labor costs of unskilled temporary workers and the operation costs of workstations.Originality/valueThe developed models are based on practical features of a real-world problem, including simultaneous assignments of workers and precedence restrictions for tasks. Special genetic operators and heuristic algorithms are used to ensure the feasibility of solutions and make the hybrid genetic algorithm efficient. Through a case study, the authors demonstrated the validity of employing unskilled temporary workers in an assembly line.
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Singh, Ajay K., and Bhim Jyoti. "Factors Affecting Firm’s Annual Turnover in Selected Manufacturing Industries of India." Business Perspective Review 2, no. 3 (November 25, 2020): 33–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.38157/business-perspective-review.v2i3.206.
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Purpose: This study makes a comparison of the manufacturing sector and its determinants for India and selected Asian countries. It examines the factors affecting the annual turnover of randomly selected 154 firms in seven different industries of the Indian manufacturing sector.
Methods: In this study, the firm’s annual turnover is used as a dependent variable. Labor productivity, age, investment on plant & machinery, annual expenditure on marketing, total employees, production technology up-gradation, shortage of skilled workers, skills to improve the process, use of hi-tech tool and technique in production activities, technology transfer abilities, in-house R&D expertise, quality certification, foreign collaboration, waste management capabilities and building capacity of firms are used as independent variables. Regression coefficients of explanatory variables are assessed using linear, log-linear, and non-linear regression models.
Results: The study concluded that the firm's annual turnover has a significant association with technological development related variables, labor productivity, age, technology transfer abilities, in-house R&D expertise, quality certification, and waste management practices of firms.
Implications: It suggests that Indian policymakers need to adopt a strong IPRs, education, and S&T policy in research institutions. India needs to increase R&D expenditure and researchers in research institutions. Research institutions should collaborate with the existing industries to discover more technologies and innovations for the manufacturing sector. All research organizations must set up technology transfer offices to increase technology transfer and commercialization. Furthermore, India needs to set up hi-tech firms to face global challenges.
Originality: It uses primary data of 154 firms which are collected from seven different industries across Indian states. Thus, the study substantially contributes to the existing literature.
Limitations: This study considers seven different industries that have high diversity in socio-economic, science & technological and IPRs related activities, technology transfer, commercialization of technology, and association with research institutions. Therefore, this study cannot provide policy suggestions for a specific industry.
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VANCHUKHINA, Lyubov I., Tatyana B. LEYBERT, and Elvira A. KHALIKOVA. "Methodological Approaches to Evaluation and Analysis of Labor Efficiency in the Spheres of Fuel and Energy Complex." Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism 7, no. 4 (February 27, 2017): 585. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jemt.v7.4(16).04.
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The article is devoted to the issues of methodological approaches to evaluation of labor efficiency in the spheres of fuel and energy complex of Russia and to the analysis of factors that influence its level. Special attention is paid to domestic and foreign approaches to quantitative evaluation of labor efficiency, used not only for a specific enterprise but for determination of its level on the whole for the groups of enterprises and spheres of industry. The authors systematize the traditional methods of evaluation of labor efficiency in view of sectorial specifics of functioning of the spheres of fuel and energy complex of Russia. Mathematical models of factor analysis of labor efficiency in the spheres of fuel and energy complex are developed which allow evaluating the influence of effectiveness of use of main capital and investment activity of enterprises.
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Stodola, Petr, and Jiří Stodola. "Model of Predictive Maintenance of Machines and Equipment." Applied Sciences 10, no. 1 (December 26, 2019): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10010213.
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This paper presents selected possibilities for mathematical models in predictive maintenance of equipment. This model includes automatic classification of machines by labor intensity, determination of labor intensity standards, and drawing up monthly and yearly maintenance plans for manufacturing lines and technical equipment in an engineering company. This model reduces human error, clarifies accounting and operational records of machines, evaluates the actual maintenance labor intensity, eliminates routine administrative work, enables the use of cloud storages, and includes automatic reporting of problems in the case of on-board diagnostic systems. It is based on differentiated machine care, can be an effective tool for the overall optimization of maintenance processes, and is a part of the digitization of these processes in engineering companies.
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Yi, Jing, and Jennifer Ifft. "Labor-use efficiency and New York dairy farm financial performance." Agricultural Finance Review 79, no. 5 (October 7, 2019): 646–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/afr-02-2019-0016.
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Purpose Dairy farms, along with livestock and specialty crop farms, face a tight labor supply and increasing labor costs. To overcome the challenging labor market, farm managers can increase labor-use efficiency through both human resource and capital investments. However, little is known about the relationship between such investments and farm profitability. The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between dairy farm financial performance and labor-use efficiency, as measured by labor productivity (milk sold per worker equivalent); labor costs (hired labor cost per unit of milk sold and hired labor cost per worker); and investment in labor-saving equipment. Design/methodology/approach Cluster analysis is applied to partition dairy farms into three performance categories (high/middle/low), based on farms’ rate of return on equity, asset turnover ratios and net dairy income per hundredweight of milk. Next, the annual financial rank is fitted into both random- and farm-level fixed-effects ordered logit and linear models to estimate the relationship between dairy farms’ financial performance and labor-use efficiency. This study also investigates the implications of using a single financial indicator as a measure of financial performance, which is the dominant approach in literature. Findings The study finds that greater labor productivity and cost efficiency (as measured by hired labor cost per unit of milk sold) are associated with better farm financial performance. No statistically significant relationship is found between farm financial performance and both hired labor cost per worker and advance milking systems (a proxy of capital investment in labor-saving technology). Future studies would benefit from better measurements of labor-saving technology. This study also demonstrates inconsistency in regression results when individual financial variables are used as a measure of financial performance. The greater labor-use efficiency on high-performing farms may be a combination of hiring more-skilled workers and managerial strategies of reducing unnecessary labor activities. The results emphasize the importance of managerial strategies that improve overall labor-use efficiency, instead of simply minimizing total labor expenses or labor cost per worker. Originality/value This study examines the importance of labor productivity and labor cost efficiency for dairy farm management. It also develops a novel approach which brings a more comprehensive financial performance evaluation into regression models. Furthermore, this study explicitly demonstrates the potential for inconsistent results when using individual financial variable as a measure of financial performance, which is the dominant measurement of financial performance in farm management studies.
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Khramtsova, T. G., and O. O. Khramtsova. "Trends of Potential Regional Consumer Market Development." Vestnik NSUEM, no. 2 (July 8, 2019): 162–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.34020/2073-6495-2019-2-162-174.
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The article considers some methodological issues of researching the potential of the regional consumer market, analyzes the indicators characterizing the availability and use of labor potential, infrastructure elements, commodity stocks in Novosibirsk region. Index multiplicative models of the studied indicators allowed us to obtain a quantitative assessment of the influence of factors on the consumer market potential. The development of retail trade turnover is regarded as a social and economic effect of the consumer market functioning. The author came to the conclusion that there is a lack of effective use of the regional consumer market potential and there are problems in the retail regulation system.
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ERİK, Adem, Burcu DÜNDAR, and Durmuş Can ACER. "PRODUCT MIX OPTIMIZATION OF FRUIT NECTAR WITH INTEGRATION OF ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS AND MATHEMATICAL PROGRAMMING." Endüstri Mühendisliği 33, no. 1 (April 30, 2022): 96–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.46465/endustrimuhendisligi.978286.
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Today, the competitiveness of companies is directly dependent on the quality and price of their products. This is because consumers have more options to buy a product than in previous years. In this study, two different mathematical models are developed to determine the best product mix according to different constraints for a fruit nectar producer. For a fruit nectar producer, 4 main and 9 sub-quality criteria were entered into the mathematical models whose importance levels were determined by the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method. These models, created for optimum product mix, consider not only the integrated quality criteria but also different constraints such as capacity, labor, and raw material. Models aiming at breakeven and maximum profit have been run for different scenarios such as consumer demands, machine maintenance, and the increase in bottlenecks. The results have shown that the quality criteria change the production efficiency and sales quantities, and how much the existing production system can adapt if consumer demands change.
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Cahyadi, Rahmad. "FACTORS AFFECTING THE DEMAND OF LABOR IN THE 10 REGENCIES/CITIES OF THE SUMATERA UTARA PROVINCE." Journal of Malikussaleh Public Economics 4, no. 1 (August 12, 2021): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.29103/jmpe.v4i1.4789.
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This study aims to determine the factors that affect the demand for labor in Sumatera Utara Province. This study discusses panel data analysis using data on labor demand, output, number of companies, and economic growth in Sumatera Utara Province from 2013-2019. The regression data panel can be estimated using three models, namely the Common Effect Model (CEM), Fixed Effect Model (FEM), and Random Effect Model (REM). To get the best model, two tests were used, namely the Chow test and the Hausman test. In this study, the best model is obtained is the Fixed Effect Model. Estimation of parameters in panel data regression with Fixed Effect Model obtained a mathematical equation, namely LDit = 3940.726 + 1.60.10-10Oit + 67.06560JPit + 146.0139Git + eit. Based on the significance test, the demand for labor is simultaneously influenced by output, the number of firms and economic growth. When viewed by a partial test (t test), the output variable and the number of companies have a positive and significant effect on labor demand. Meanwhile, the economic growth variable has a positive but insignificant effect on labor demand. Estimation of parameters in panel data regression with Fixed Effect Model obtained a mathematical equation, namely LDit = 3940.726 + 1.60.10-10Oit + 67.06560JPit + 146.0139Git + eit. Based on the significance test, the demand for labor is simultaneously influenced by output, the number of firms and economic growth. When viewed by a partial test (t test), the output variable and the number of companies have a positive and significant effect on labor demand. Meanwhile, the economic growth variable has a positive but insignificant effect on labor demand. Estimation of parameters in panel data regression with Fixed Effect Model obtained a mathematical equation, namely LDit = 3940.726 + 1.60.10-10Oit + 67.06560JPit + 146.0139Git + eit. Based on the significance test, the demand for labor is simultaneously influenced by output, the number of firms and economic growth. When viewed by a partial test (t test), the output variable and the number of companies have a positive and significant effect on labor demand. Meanwhile, the economic growth variable has a positive but insignificant effect on labor demand. the output variable and the number of companies have a positive and significant effect on labor demand. Meanwhile, the economic growth variable has a positive but insignificant effect on labor demand. the output variable and the number of companies have a positive and significant effect on labor demand. Meanwhile, the economic growth variable has a positive but insignificant effect on labor demand.
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Mazūra, Mindaugas. "PREDICTION OF MAJOR TRENDS OF TRANSPORTATION DEVELOPMENT." TRANSPORT 17, no. 2 (April 30, 2002): 57–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16483480.2002.10414012.
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The importance of forecasting the economic characteristics of transportation (i.e. the amount of freight and passengers carried, the turnover rate of freight and passengers, etc. in transportation as a whole and in particular areas using various transport facilities) is demonstrated. Methods for predicting the development of transportation based on multidimensional regression and correlation analysis and realizing mathematical models for finding linear and non-linear multidimensional regression equations as well as a mathematical model for choosing linear and non-linear regression equations, more accurately approximating the empirical data, are presented. The techniques aimed to obtain and apply the linear correlation coefficient and correlative relationship in determining the forecast accuracy is also given. The efficiency of methods, determining the linear correlation coefficient and correlative relationship, used in achieving higher accuracy of forecasts is shown.
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Gottlieb, Mark M. "Mathematical Models for Possible Roles of Oxytocin and Oxytocin Receptors in Autism." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2019 (November 11, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7308197.
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This paper develops mathematical models examining possible roles of oxytocin and oxytocin receptors in the development of autism. This is done by demonstrating that mathematical operations on normalized data from the Stanford study, which establishes a correspondence between severity of autism in children and their oxytocin blood levels, generate a graph that is the same as the graph of mathematical operations on a normalized theoretical model for the severity of autism. This procedure establishes the validity of the theoretical model and the significance of oxytocin receptors in autism. A steady-state model follows, explaining the constant baseline concentrations of oxytocin observed in the cerebral spinal fluid and blood in terms of the neuromodulation by oxytocin of oxytocin receptors on the magnocellular neurons that produce oxytocin in nuclei in the hypothalamus. The implications of these models for possible roles of oxytocin and oxytocin receptors in autism are considered for several unrelated conditions that may be associated with autism. These are oxytocin receptor desensitization and downregulation as factors during labor in offspring autism development; reductions in the oxytocin receptor numbers in the fixed oxytocin receptor expression that occurs before birth; MAST Immune System disease; and the excess number of dendritic spines from lack of pruning observed in brains of autistic people. Research into the feasibility of generating magnocellular neurons and other neurons from adult stem cells is suggested as a way of doing in vitro studies of oxytocin and oxytocin receptors to assess the validity of theories presented in this paper.
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Andros, S., L. Melnyk, N. Butenko, H. Zaikina, and V. Tykhenko. "Efficiency of Management of Loan Funds in the Banking Industry of Ukraine: Data of the Factor Analysis of Credit Turnover." Marketing and Management of Innovations, no. 4 (2019): 129–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/mmi.2019.4-11.
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The article analyzes the rates of credit turnover by branches of the economy and by types of loans using indicators of the dynamic range, indices of average values and aggregate indicators. The purpose of the article is to provide a business case for efficiently managing credit resources in commercial banks based on a factor analysis of credit turnover by sector of the economy as a condition for optimizing a bank’s activities. The analysis of the literature shows that the management of credit resources in commercial banks is limited to the use of Western methods that are not adapted to the Ukrainian reality. The relevance of the article is the need to use the methods of economic and mathematical modeling to optimize the process of managing borrowed funds in the banking industry of Ukraine. Calculated average balances of credit investments. The article analyzes the hourly repayment of interest on loans by enterprises. Calculations of the volume of credit turnover are based on real indicators of the financial statements of Credit Agricole Bank. The study period was elected 2016-2017. Calculated the share of loans by industry in the portfolio of the bank. Defined one-day turnover on the repayment of bank loans by business entities. Calculated the duration of use of bank loans by business entities. The factors affecting the change in the rate of turnover of credit operations using the index method are analyzed. The index of the average duration of use of the loan of a constant composition is calculated. The average duration of use of bank loans by business entities has been determined. The structural change index, variable composition index, constant composition index, structure influence index are calculated. The article used the methods of factor analysis, probability theory, methods of economic and mathematical statistics. The effectiveness of borrowed funds management in the banking industry of Ukraine (on the example of Credit Agricole Bank) was confirmed by the data of a factor analysis of the loan turnover. The system of tasks solved by the proposed models includes the calculation of reasonable limits for attracting each type of resources and the effective interest rate to ensure increasing returns from the production of bank credit products and an increase in the share of the banking sector in creating the gross domestic product of the country. Keywords: bank, effective, index, credit turnover, position, interest rate, sum, term, manager.
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Kharun, Makhmud, and Dmitry D. Koroteev. "Heat Treatment of Self-Compacting High-Strength Concrete in Cast In Situ Construction Using Infrared Rays." Materials Science Forum 972 (October 2019): 84–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.972.84.
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Self-compacting high-strength concrete (SCHSC) is an innovative concrete that has superior physical and mechanical properties, and does not require vibration for placing and compaction. Heat treatment (HT) of SCHSC can significantly accelerate the strength growth during cast-in-situ construction, and allows to reduce the turnover of formwork, the labor costs for construction, and the construction period. The issue of strength development of SCHSC during HT has been studied. SCHSC of R28 = 100 MPa was studied. Test specimens were cured with HT by infrared rays for 7, 9, 11, 13, 16 and 24 hours. Then warmed specimens were tested for compressive strength after 0.5, 4, 12 and 24 hours of cooling period. Study was carried out on the basis of analyzing, generalizing and evaluations of experimental data. A mathematical model is proposed for determining the compressive strength of SCHSC after one day of curing with HT.
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Nuzhna, Svitlana, and Alona Minkovska. "ECONOMIC AND MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF THE LEVEL OF MOTIVATION IN AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES." Economic Analysis, no. 31(1) (2021): 168–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/econa2021.01.168.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction. To date, the high turnover of staff, their aging and declining productivity in enterprises of the agricultural sector of the economy are studied. There is a need to assess the effectiveness and feasibility of the existing system of intangible incentives in terms of its importance to stabilize personnel policy, as well as identify areas for improvement of this system, offer tools for diagnosing staff motivation, build an econometric model, substantiate recommendations for improving intangible resources. Purpose. The aim of the article is to analyze publications that consider methods of motivating personnel of enterprises, the use of mathematical apparatus to calculate the integrated assessment of motivation of personnel of enterprises, construction and analysis of econometric model of intangible methods of motivating labor resources of agricultural enterprises of Dnepropetrovsk region. Method (methodology). The article uses the results of a survey of employees of agro-industrial enterprises; methods of correlation-regression analysis are used for the calculation of results as one of the main methods of scientific research; methods of mathematical modeling. Results. An econometric multifactor regression model of the indicator of integrated assessment of labor resources motivation of agro-industrial enterprises is constructed as a result of the research. There is a direct relationship between the state of the indicator and the assessments of employees on the components of intangible methods of motivation. The results of the calculations allowed us to conclude: an increase in the assessment of employees on the possibility of professional training by 1 point indicates an increase in the integrated assessment of the indicator by 0.998; the rise of the assessment of the possibility of career growth by 1 point enlarges the integrated assessment on 0.846; an increase in the score on the provision of soft loans by 1 point provides the going up in the integrated score by 0.587; increasing the assessment by the method of leisure incentives leads to the grow of the integrated assessment by 0.518; the rising assessment of employees for the provision of discounted meals by 1 point increases the integrated estimation by 0.605; increasing the scores on transport support and the possibility of recovery at the expense of the company by 1 point also brings up the integrated score by 0.471 and 0.603, respectively. The calculated correlation coefficients between each of the factors and the integrated indicator demonstrate a significant correlation and the influence of each factor on the integrated indicator. In this regard, it is necessary to continue to apply the methods of mathematical modeling, which allow to estimate not only the level of motivation, but also to develop and implement an effective mechanism for further development of labor resources in agricultural enterprises.