Journal articles on the topic 'Labor supply – United States – Statistical methods'
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1
Li, An, and Jeffrey J. Reimer. "An Analysis of Pesticide Handler Wages in the United States." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 53, no. 3 (August 2021): 375–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aae.2021.16.
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AbstractPesticide handling is a critical component of many food supply chains yet labor markets for pesticide handlers are little studied. This study uses data from the U.S. national survey to show that relative to other farmworkers, pesticide handlers get paid 15% more. To understand this premium, matching techniques are used to identify workers who are observationally equivalent in every way except pesticide handling. Using these methods, approximately half of the wage premium can be related back to observable characteristics, including crop type, geographic location, legal work authorization, education, experience, and other personal characteristics.
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Hanson, Gordon H. "Illegal Migration from Mexico to the United States." Journal of Economic Literature 44, no. 4 (November 1, 2006): 869–924. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jel.44.4.869.
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In this paper, I selectively review recent literature on illegal migration from Mexico to the United States. I begin by discussing methods for estimating stocks and flows of illegal migrants. While there is uncertainty about the size of the unauthorized population, new data sources make it possible to examine the composition of legal and illegal populations and the time-series covariates of illegal labor flows. I then consider the supply of and demand for illegal migrants. Wage differentials between the United States and Mexico are hardly a new phenomenon, yet illegal migration from Mexico did not reach high levels until recently. An increase in the relative size of Mexico's working-age population, greater volatility in U.S.–Mexico relative wages, and changes in U.S. immigration policies are all candidate explanations for increasing labor flows from Mexico. Finally, I consider policies that regulate the cross-border flow of illegal migrants. While U.S. laws mandate that authorities prevent illegal entry and punish firms that hire unauthorized immigrants, these laws are imperfectly enforced. Lax enforcement may reflect political pressure by employers and other interests that favor open borders.
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Misztal, Piotr. "LIQUIDITY TRAP IN THE UNITED STATES, THE EURO AREA AND JAPAN." Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing, no. 24(73) (December 14, 2020): 114–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/pefim.2020.24.73.32.
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When a country falls into a liquidity trap it means that its central bank lacks an effective expansionary monetary policy aimed at increasing consumption and investment demand. Market participants (households and enterprises), instead of increasing demand, accumulate a growing money supply in the form of cash. Keynes argued that for an economy in a liquidity trap, the only way to increase demand in the country and to stimulate the economy is to conduct expansionary fiscal policy by increasing government spending or reducing taxes. The aim of the research is to verify the empirical hypothesis of the liquidity trap in three of the largest economies in the world, formerly known as the Global Triad (i.e. the USA, the euro zone and Japan), after the 2008 financial crisis. Research methods based on literature studies in macroeconomics and finance, as well as statistical methods, were used in the study. All statistical data came from the statistical office of the European Union – EUROSTAT, and from the statistical database of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development - UNCTADstat.
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Kolben, Kevin. "A Supply Chain Approach to Trade and Labor Provisions." Politics and Governance 5, no. 4 (December 14, 2017): 60–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/pag.v5i4.1088.
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As labor provisions in trade agreements have become increasingly ubiquitous, there remain questions about whether or not these provisions have been effective in improving working conditions in trading partner countries. Through an analysis of sample labor provisions in United States and European Union free trade agreements, this paper shows that both approaches, albeit using different methods, aim primarily to improve <em>de jure</em> labor law and <em>de facto</em> enforcement of that law by government regulatory institutions. This paper argues that instead, labor provisions ought to be grounded in a supply chain approach. A supply chain approach shifts the focus from impacting <em>de jure</em> and <em>de facto</em> labor law as administered by the state though sanctions or dialogue, and towards context specific, experimental, and coordinated private and public regulatory interventions that operate in key export industries that are implicated in trading partners’ supply chains. It does so in part by recognizing the potential regulatory power of consumer citizenship.
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Hyde, Allen, and Michael Wallace. "Immigration and Labor Market Outcomes in U.S. Metropolitan Areas." Sociological Perspectives 63, no. 4 (December 27, 2019): 630–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0731121419892614.
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Two broad orientations have motivated scholarship on the relationship between immigration and labor market outcomes in the United States. The first, the supply-side perspective, often focuses on how immigration affects a variety of outcomes such as unemployment, casualization, and earnings inequality. The second, the demand-side perspective, generally contends that these labor market outcomes result mainly from economic restructuring that subsequently attracts immigrants to labor markets. Previous studies have often reached divergent conclusions due to differing assumptions about the direction of causality in these relationships. In this paper, we use three-stage least squares regression, a technique that allows for nonrecursive relationships, to adjudicate the direction of causality between immigration and labor market outcomes. Using 2010 data for 366 U.S. metropolitan statistical areas, we find support for the demand-side perspective, or that economic restructuring results in higher unemployment, casualization, and earnings inequality, which subsequently increases levels of immigration in metropolitan labor markets.
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Peterson, Donald L. "Harvest Mechanization for Deciduous Tree Fruits and Brambles." HortTechnology 2, no. 1 (January 1992): 85–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.2.1.85.
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Hand-harvesting fruit crops is labor-intensive, and the supply of dependable, skilled labor is a concern of the fruit industry. Only a small portion of all fruit crops is harvested mechanically, primarily for processing. Public funding of mechanical harvesting research on fruit crops has reached a low level. However, there is renewed interest in mechanical harvesting research due to the potential scarcity of hand-harvest labor and new federal laws that may deplete further the labor pool. Much of the research expertise in mechanical harvesting of fruit crops has been lost, since most projects have been discontinued. Considerable lead time will be required to develop facilities, personnel, and projects if the decision is made to initiate publicly funded harvest mechanization research. More time will be required before commercially acceptable techniques and methods will be available. A majority of the research described in this paper was conducted outside the United States. The United States will not remain competitive in the world market for fruit crops with the present lack of mechanical harvesting research.
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Steere, Lee, Cheryl Ficara, Michael Davis, and Nancy Moureau. "Reaching One Peripheral Intravenous Catheter (PIVC) Per Patient Visit With Lean Multimodal Strategy: the PIV5Rights™ Bundle." Journal of the Association for Vascular Access 24, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 31–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2309/j.java.2019.003.004.
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Highlights Lean leadership for process improvement. Prospective comparator multimodal design study. Vascular access specialty team (VAST group 2) versus generalist nursing model (group 1). First stick success of 96%. Statistically significant improvement in dwell time with VAST versus generalist nursing model (89% versus 15% lasting until end of therapy). Projected 2.9 million in savings annually. Peripheral intravenous catheter team centralized proposal to Chief Nursing Officer (CNO) with acceptance based on outcomes. Reduction in cost per bed per year using a vascular access specialty team of $3376. Abstract Background: Peripheral intravenous catheter (PIVC) sales per year exceed that of the number of people in the United States (US), 350 million. With only 37 million US hospital patient admissions per year, these data indicate an average usage of 10 PIVCs per patient admission, suggesting a very high failure, very low success rate, and excess cost associated with PIVC insertions. Patients often complain of multiple catheter insertion attempts, and published data reveal up to 53% of PIVCs fail before therapy ends. Methods: Hartford Hospital (Hartford, CT) conducted a prospective comparator single-center clinical superiority design study to determine the impact of bundled practices including device insertions using vascular access specialty team (VAST) intravenous trained nurses versus current practice. The study used a 5 step multimodal best practice intervention strategy designated as the PIV5Rights Bundle with an aim to determine if the intervention outcomes and dwell time improved over current PIVC practices. The study group applied a Lean health care standard work process with a Six Sigma design, define, measure, analyze, improve, control approach that included VAST PIVC dwell time, complications, and economic impact compared with current state general nursing practice. Results: Outcomes of the PIV5Rights Bundle in Group 2 (experimental) using a trained vascular access nursing team for insertion and management achieved a statistically significant result of 89% of catheters achieving end of therapy with a cost saving per bed of $3376 ($1405 versus $4781) per year as compared to standard practice (Group 1; control). Results of Group 1 reflected PIVC dwell time to end of treatment in only 15% of catheters. Prestudy catheter consumption analysis was 4.4 catheters per patient hospital admissions, reflecting waste within labor and supply costs for PIVC insertion and usage. Peripheral intravenous catheter retrospective audits for current practice demonstrated more than 50% catheters failed within the first 24 hours. This application of Lean methodology by Hartford Hospital with infusion therapy resulted in a projected $2.9 million annual savings of $3376 per bed per year for house-wide application. Conclusions: Implementation of the PIV5Rights™ Bundle with a dedicated VAST proved to be a successful model, both from a patient and financial perspective. The journey to nursing excellence included identification of core measures and best practice evidence for PIVC placements as a procedure that affects nearly every patient entering a hospital. By centralizing ownership of vascular access with the team for insertion, management, and securement, the PIV Five Rights is the right approach to achieve the right results in transformation of hospital infusion therapy practices. Bundled approaches have often been used for central catheter infection reduction. This is the first study the authors have identified focusing on 1 PIVC per patient visit as a result of an evidence-based bundle and VAST.
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Yang, Yutong. "Economic Power Comparison between United States and China in the Context of Covid-19 Pandemic: Based on Statistical Methods." E3S Web of Conferences 233 (2021): 01163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123301163.
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Generally speaking, economic crises are caused by insufficient demand, while the economic crisis that may be caused by the Covid-19 epidemic started with insufficient supply. In the case of insufficient demand, countries often use a series of monetary policies to release liquidity, such as interest rate cuts, RRR cuts. However, the interest rate cut this time may not work well. This is because the interest rate cut can increase the liquidity of the market.While controlling the epidemic, we should promptly resume work and production, and produce a variety of commodities that meet consumer demand. During this period of time, the main strategy is not monetary policy. Instead, appropriate fiscal policies should be used to reduce the burden on enterprises so that they can survive this difficult time without dying before they start their careers. Only companies that can survive the epidemic are good companies that have combat effectiveness and can continue to conquer the market after the epidemic is over.Therefore, in the face of the Covid-19 epidemic, the competition between China and the United States should not be a zero-sum game because the United States is the final consumer of a large number of products produced by China, and the United States is still the world’s leader. If the US economy declines, it will definitely affect global economic development. When necessary, we also need to support the production of high-end consumer products in the United States and allocate a portion of the production capacity for them. Only when the two sides have healthy competition can the industrial chain of both sides be upgraded together.
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Blanchflower, David G., and Andrew J. Oswald. "Trends in Extreme Distress in the United States, 1993–2019." American Journal of Public Health 110, no. 10 (October 2020): 1538–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2020.305811.
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Objectives. To investigate changes from 1993 to 2019 in the percentage of US citizens suffering extreme distress. Methods. Using data on 8.1 million randomly sampled US citizens, we created a new proxy measure for exceptional distress (the percentage who reported major mental and emotional problems in all 30 of the last 30 days). We examined time trends for different groups and predictors of distress. Results. The proportion of the US population in extreme distress rose from 3.6% in 1993 to 6.4% in 2019. Among low-education midlife White persons, the percentage more than doubled, from 4.8% to 11.5%. Regression analysis revealed that (1) at the personal level, the strongest statistical predictor of extreme distress was “I am unable to work,” and (2) at the state level, a decline in the share of manufacturing jobs was a predictor of greater distress. Conclusions. Increasing numbers of US citizens report extreme levels of mental distress. This links to poor labor-market prospects. Inequality of distress has also widened. Public Health Implications. Policymakers need to recognize the crisis of an ever-growing group of US citizens in extreme distress.
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Gorodnova, N. V., and N. A. Samarskaya. "FEATURES OF THE LABOR LAW IMPLEMENTATION IN RUSSIA, CHINA AND THE UNITED STATES IN THE CONTEXT OF THE PANDEMIC." SOCIAL & LABOR RESEARCHES 3, no. 44 (2021): 130–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.34022/2658-3712-2021-44-3-130-139.
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The article summarizes the world and domestic practice of the formation and implementation of the regulatory framework for organizing remote work in the context of the spread of coronavirus disease. The aim of the study is to scientifically substantiate the problem of the impact of the negative consequences of the pandemic on the rights of workers in the field of labor relations, a comparative analysis of the labor legislation of the United States and China and the development on its basis of recommendations for employers to curb the spread of coronavirus disease in the workplace, to protect and preserve the health of employees. The subject of the study is to assess the realization of the right to work of an employee working safely or remotely. The authors apply the methods of statistical research, analysis of scientific literature and open sources. The conclusion is made about the necessity and prospects of cooperation between the Russian Federation and economically developed countries in the near future on the basis of the experience gained by the world community in combating the COVID-19 pandemic. The results of the study will be useful to specialists involved in organizing labor in a pandemic.
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Amaral, Andre, Taysir E. Dyhoum, Hussein A. Abdou, and Hassan M. Aljohani. "Modeling for the Relationship between Monetary Policy and GDP in the USA Using Statistical Methods." Mathematics 10, no. 21 (November 5, 2022): 4137. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10214137.
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The Federal Reserve has played an arguably important role in financial crises in the United States since its creation in 1913 through monetary policy tools. Thus, this paper aims to analyze the impact of monetary policy on the United States’ economic growth in the short and long run, measured by Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The Vector Autoregressive (VAR) method explores the relationship among the variables, and the Granger causality test assesses the predictability of the variables. Moreover, the Impulse Response Function (IRF) examines the behavior of one variable after a change in another, utilizing the time-series dataset from the first quarter of 1959 to the second quarter of 2022. This work demonstrates that expansionary monetary policy does have a positive impact on economic growth in the short term though it does not last long. However, in the long term, inflation, measured by the Consumer Price Index (CPI), is affected by expansionary monetary policy. Therefore, if the Federal Reserve wants to cease the expansionary monetary policy in the short run, this should be done appropriately, with the fiscal surplus, to preserve its credibility and trust in the US dollar as a global store of value asset. Also, the paper’s findings suggest that continuous expansion of the Money Supply will lead to a long-term inflationary problem. The purpose of this research is to bring the spotlight to the side effects of expansionary monetary policy on the US economy, but also allow other researchers to test this model in different economies with different dynamics.
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Cho, Jaehyeong, Seng Chan You, Seongwon Lee, DongSu Park, Bumhee Park, George Hripcsak, and Rae Woong Park. "Application of Epidemiological Geographic Information System: An Open-Source Spatial Analysis Tool Based on the OMOP Common Data Model." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 21 (October 26, 2020): 7824. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17217824.
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Background: Spatial epidemiology is used to evaluate geographical variations and disparities in health outcomes; however, constructing geographic statistical models requires a labor-intensive process that limits the overall utility. We developed an open-source software for spatial epidemiological analysis and demonstrated its applicability and quality. Methods: Based on standardized geocode and observational health data, the Application of Epidemiological Geographic Information System (AEGIS) provides two spatial analysis methods: disease mapping and detecting clustered medical conditions and outcomes. The AEGIS assesses the geographical distribution of incidences and health outcomes in Korea and the United States, specifically incidence of cancers and their mortality rates, endemic malarial areas, and heart diseases (only the United States). Results: The AEGIS-generated spatial distribution of incident cancer in Korea was consistent with previous reports. The incidence of liver cancer in women with the highest Moran’s I (0.44; p < 0.001) was 17.4 (10.3–26.9). The malarial endemic cluster was identified in Paju-si, Korea (p < 0.001). When the AEGIS was applied to the database of the United States, a heart disease cluster was appropriately identified (p < 0.001). Conclusions: As an open-source, cross-country, spatial analytics solution, AEGIS may globally assess the differences in geographical distribution of health outcomes through the use of standardized geocode and observational health databases.
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DeFina, Robert, and Lance Hannon. "De-unionization and Drug Death Rates." Social Currents 6, no. 1 (October 7, 2018): 4–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2329496518804555.
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Drug death rates in the United States have risen dramatically in recent years, sparking urgent discussions about causes. Most of these discussions have centered on supply-side issues, such as doctors overprescribing pain killers. However, there is increasing recognition of the need to go beyond proximate causes and to consider larger social forces that bear on the demand for pain-relieving drugs. Informed by sociological research linking labor unions to community health, we empirically examined the relationship between union density and drug death rates for the years 1999 to 2016. We found that states experiencing greater declines in unionization also tended to experience greater increases in drug deaths. Estimates from our fixed-effects models suggested that a one standard deviation decrease in union density was associated with a 42 percent increase in drug death rates over the period. Although the incorporation of a variety of statistical controls reduced this association, it remained negative and significant. Beyond variation in the availability of substances to misuse, our findings underscore the importance of considering institutional decline and broader social conditions as deeply relevant for contemporary drug death trends.
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Petrovskaya, N. E. "Wages in the U.S. Manufacturing industry." Upravlenie 7, no. 2 (August 8, 2019): 95–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.26425/2309-3633-2019-2-95-103.
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Based on data from official American statistics, the issue of wages in the United States of America manufacturing industry has been considered. This study is an important area of study of modern social and economic problems of the United States. Manufacturing plays an important role in the economy of the US, because it creates a material basis for all other industries. The trends and problems in this area have been revealed in the article. For a comprehensive analysis a systematic approach, economic-statistical and logical research methods have been used in the paper. A comprehensive study of wages in the most important sectors of the national economy has been carried out, based on data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the US Department of Labor. Separate attention has been paid to the category of “production workers”, whose share is about 70%. The statistical data on the average annual wage of production workers by industry according to the NAICS have been adduced. The significance of the manufacturing industry in creating, maintaining and returning jobs for the US economy has been shown.The difference in wages depending on the level of education, work experience and profession has been analyzed. The data on the highest paid industrial professions have been adduced. The uneven distribution of the manufacturing industry by states has been shown. It has been noted, that the reduction in the coverage of the trade union movement of American workers is another factor, affecting the level of wages. The correlation between production volume and Gini Coefficient in the USA in the period from 1947 to 2014 has been presented in the article. It has been noticed, that the growth of inequality in the US income and the decline of the manufacturing industry are interrelated.
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Jiang, Fengchang, John Awaitey, and Haiyan Xie. "Analysis of Construction Cost and Investment Planning Using Time Series Data." Sustainability 14, no. 3 (February 1, 2022): 1703. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14031703.
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Construction costs and investment planning are the decisions made by construction managers and financial managers. Investment in construction materials, labor, and other miscellaneous should consider their huge costs. For these reasons, this research focused on analyzing construction costs from the point of adopting multivariate cost prediction models in predicting construction cost index (CCI) and other independent variables from September 2021 to December 2022. The United States was selected as the focal country for the study because of its size and influence. Specifically, we used the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software and R-programming applications to forecast the elected variables based on the literature review. These forecasted values were compared to the CCI using Pearson correlations to assess influencing factors. The results indicated that the ARIMA model is the best forecasting model since it has the highest model-fit correlation. Additionally, the number of building permits issued, the consumer price index, the amount of money supply in the country, the producer price index, and the import price index are the influencing factors of investments decisions in short to medium ranges. This result provides insights to managers and cost planners in determining the best model to adopt. The improved accuracies of the influencing factors will help to enhance the control, competitiveness, and capability of futuristic decision-making of the cost of materials and labor in the construction industry.
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Sarakhman, O., R. Shurpenkova, and T. Kalaitan. "Features of trade accounting and taxation in the united states of America." Galic'kij ekonomičnij visnik 75, no. 2 (2022): 46–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.33108/galicianvisnyk_tntu2022.02.046.
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The paper identifies the positive and negative factors in the development of US economic and trade activities. The United States, as a huge consumer and producer of goods, is a major player in trade and stimulates economic growth, supports jobs, improves living standards and helps Americans provide their families with affordable goods and services. The sphere of trade in the USA, both domestic and international, has been studied, as well as the process of accounting and taxation is related to trade at various levels. General scientific methods (formal-legal, statistical, comparative-legal, system-structural, historical and others), as well as specific sociological (documentary, observation, study of documents), which provided scientific, novelty and reliability of research results are used in this investigation. Accounting is one of the key functions of almost any country and any business. The difference between the accounting of Ukraine and the United States is insignificant, as our country uses rules close to international standards. Taxation in the United States is quite complicated. Today, US governments apply different types of taxes in different proportions, depending on which collected tax revenues are used for and how the population reacts to taxes. All known taxes can be divided into six main categories: taxes on income, income and capital gains; taxes on wages and labor; property taxes; taxes on goods and services; taxes on international trade and transactions; other taxes. Sectorial features that affect the organization and reflection of these operations in accounting: goods – tangible assets acquired (received) and held by the enterprise for resale; trade activity – independent activity of legal entities and individuals in the implementation of transactions of purchase and sale of consumer goods for profit; wholesale trade - trade activity on acquisition and realization of the goods in large parties to the enterprises of retail trade, other subjects of enterprise activity; retail trade – trade in the sale of goods individually and in bulk directly to citizens and other consumers, mainly with cash payments. Without international trade, it is almost impossible for any country to develop financially, politically and economically, and in the interests of every nation – to make strong international trade and relations with world leaders to overcome all difficulties very easily.
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Renner, M., and C. Bernhofer. "Applying simple water-energy balance frameworks to predict the climate sensitivity of streamflow over the continental United States." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 16, no. 8 (August 7, 2012): 2531–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-2531-2012.
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Abstract. The prediction of climate effects on terrestrial ecosystems and water resources is one of the major research questions in hydrology. Conceptual water-energy balance models can be used to gain a first order estimate of how long-term average streamflow is changing with a change in water and energy supply. A common framework for investigation of this question is based on the Budyko hypothesis, which links hydrological response to aridity. Recently, Renner et al. (2012) introduced the climate change impact hypothesis (CCUW), which is based on the assumption that the total efficiency of the catchment ecosystem to use the available water and energy for actual evapotranspiration remains constant even under climate changes. Here, we confront the climate sensitivity approaches (the Budyko approach of Roderick and Farquhar, 2011, and the CCUW) with data of more than 400 basins distributed over the continental United States. We first estimate the sensitivity of streamflow to changes in precipitation using long-term average data of the period 1949 to 2003. This provides a hydro-climatic status of the respective basins as well as their expected proportional effect to changes in climate. Next, we test the ability of both approaches to predict climate impacts on streamflow by splitting the data into two periods. We (i) analyse the long-term average changes in hydro-climatology and (ii) derive a statistical classification of potential climate and basin change impacts based on the significance of observed changes in runoff, precipitation and potential evapotranspiration. Then we (iii) use the different climate sensitivity methods to predict the change in streamflow given the observed changes in water and energy supply and (iv) evaluate the predictions by (v) using the statistical classification scheme and (vi) a conceptual approach to separate the impacts of changes in climate from basin characteristics change on streamflow. This allows us to evaluate the observed changes in streamflow as well as to assess the impact of basin changes on the validity of climate sensitivity approaches. The apparent increase of streamflow of the majority of basins in the US is dominated by an increase in precipitation. It is further evident that impacts of changes in basin characteristics appear simultaneously with climate changes. There are coherent spatial patterns with catchments where basin changes compensate for climatic changes being dominant in the western and central parts of the US. A hot spot of basin changes leading to excessive runoff is found within the US Midwest. The impact of basin changes on the prediction is large and can be twice as much as the observed change signal. Although the CCUW and the Budyko approach yield similar predictions for most basins, the data of water-limited basins support the Budyko framework rather than the CCUW approach, which is known to be invalid under limiting climatic conditions.
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Yang, Yunfei, Guifei Qu, Lianlian Hua, and Lifeng Wu. "Knowledge Mapping Visualization Analysis of Research on Blockchain in Management and Economics." Sustainability 14, no. 22 (November 12, 2022): 14971. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142214971.
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As an emerging technology enabling economic, social, and environmental sustainability, blockchain has drawn considerable attention from the academic community in management and economics. It is essential to clarify this field’s research status, hotspots, and evolution trends. This study took 642 pieces of literature on blockchain in management and economics from the Web of Science (WoS) as data sources. It combined the bibliometric knowledge mapping visualization and statistical analysis methods to conduct a systematic analysis. It is found that the United States and China are the primary core strengths, and highly influential research organizations and authors have emerged in this field. The research of blockchain in management and economics has the property of being interdisciplinary. Research hotspots are mainly distributed in the combination and application of blockchain technology and emerging technologies and the research on blockchain in supply chain management (SCM), supply chain finance, intellectual property, digital currency, and transaction costs. The evolution trends of research hotspots show a rule of overlapping commonness and individuality. This study systematically revealed the overall research development situation on blockchain in management and economics to provide some reference and inspiration for relevant researchers.
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Tkach, O., V. Tsvykh, M. Khylko, O. Batrymenko, and D. Nelipa. "OIL AND GAS FACTOR IN THE FOREIGN POLICY OF LATIN AMERICA." Visnyk of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Geology, no. 3 (86) (2019): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2713.86.04.
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Formulation of the problem. The authors analyze the current state and prospects for the development of the oil and gas complex and their role in the foreign policy of the Latin American states, policies of the use of oil and gas resources as a tool for enhancing influence in the region, as well as the functioning of multilateral oil supply agreements. The possibilities of realization of joint energy projects in Latin America are analyzed. The presence of oil and gas in the region has always been used as a political tool. The United States' reliance on Middle Eastern oil and the carbon emissions produced by the surging demand for fossil fuels in Asia tend to dominate discussions about the role of energy in U.S. foreign policy. But in recent years, the energy relationship between the United States and Latin America has perhaps become more important than other issues, as the largest share of the United States international trade and investment in the energy sector has occurred within the Western Hemisphere. Purpose of the researchis to study the role of the oil and gas complex in the foreign policy of Latin American countries. The oil and gas complex plays an important role in the foreign policy of Latin American countries. The Latin American energy market is quite attractive to transnational energy companies due to the huge volumes of cheap energy resources, the consumer market with growing energy demand. The energy markets of the Americas are deeply integrated. Despite the shale boom, which led to a sharp increase in U.S. oil production and a drop in imports, the United States still relies on Latin America for more than 30 percent of the oil it buys from abroad. The gas and gas complex part of the geological section is characterized by a similar lithological composition and the underlying rocks, containing oil and gas in industrial volumes. Research methods: The following research methods were used to address the issues set in the article: general scientific methods – descriptive, hermeneutic-political, systemic, structural-functional, comparative, institutional-comparative; general logical methods – empirical, statistical, prognostic modeling and analysis; special methods of political science. The preference was given to the method of political-system analysis, by which the common and distinctive characteristics of the basic components of immigration policy strategies were identified, reflecting existing political, public, information and other challenges for international relations and global development. The article of analysis. Latin America, a growing importer of U.S. natural gas and the largest market for U.S., makes refined petroleum products, such as gasoline. American oil companies and utilities are big investors in Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, and Venezuela, helping to develop the energy resources of all those countries. In Brazil, the United States direct investment in oil and gas extraction reached $2,4 billion in 2015; in Mexico, the figure was $420 million. Washington's financing and technical cooperation programs have further helped the development of new energy resources in the region. U.S. institutions and funds back up clean energy investments and provide regulatory and technical guidance to tap the region's shale fields.
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Smirnov, V. V. "Financial basis for the modern Russian economy." Economic Analysis: Theory and Practice 19, no. 10 (October 29, 2020): 1870–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/ea.19.10.1870.
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Subject. The article investigates the financial basis of the economy of contemporary Russia. Objectives. The focus is on identifying the financial basis of the modern Russian economy, the limits of economic activity, and conditions for economic development. Methods. The study rests on the systems approach, using the methods of statistical, neural network, and cluster analysis. Results. The paper unveils the need to study the financial basis of the modern Russian economy, which is caused by the duration of the transition from the socialist to capitalist socio-economic formation. The assessment of the growth rate of a wide range of statistical data reveals the financial basis of the modern Russian economy, i.e. direct investment, debt instruments, securities other than shares included in broad money, international liquidity, aggregate reserves, money supply. The existing financial basis limits the growth of gross value added, the increase in gross capital formation, etc. It also determines conditions for economic development, like high price of WTI crude oil and low price of gold, high gold price and the strength of the United States dollar. In the current structure of the Russian economy, both options lead to lower final consumption expenditure of the private sector and to limitation of stocks. Conclusions. The understanding of intermediate results of the long transition from socialist to capitalist socio-economic formation enables to define the boundary of the existence of the modern Russian economy. This boundary is generated by its raw material structure and financial basis.
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Maslov, O. Yu, S. V. Kolisnyk, M. A. Komisarenko, S. M. Poluian, M. Yu Holik, and T. O. Tomarovska. "Analysis of pharmaceutical market of dietary supplements with green tea leaves extract." Current issues in pharmacy and medicine: science and practice 15, no. 1 (February 15, 2022): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.14739/2409-2932.2022.1.252651.
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The aim of work is to study the assortment of dietary supplements with green tea leaves extract on the modern pharmaceutical market to further search for ways to improve and optimize pharmaceutical supply. Materials and methods. The assortment of dietary supplements with green tea leaves extract was studied basing on the search of dietary supplements in pharmacies of Ukraine in the internet resources. For study of assortment of dietary supplements, the following methods were used: marketing, statistical, logic and graphic. Results. The assortment of dietary supplements with green tea leaves extract has been analyzed. The results showed that the leaders in the number of manufacturers in the analyzed group of dietary supplements are the United States, Ukraine, and Poland, their part is 61 %, 16 % and 8 %, respectively. In terms of assortment, the United States ranks first – 66 %. Dietary supplements are presented in 6 dosage forms, most of them are capsules (60 %). It was determined that monopreparations predominate in the pharmaceutical market and account for 77 %. The price segmentation of the market of dietary supplements with green tea leaves extract has been provided, the results showed that most of these are dietary supplements in the price range of 200–500 UAH. The study of the company structure made it possible to identify leaders among foreign companies; the top three companies included Now Foods (27 %), Swanson (20 %), Puritan’s Pride (14 %). Conclusions. There are 42 dietary supplements with green tea leaves extract at the beginning of 2022 in Ukraine. On the temporary pharmaceutical market of Ukraine 84 % of dietary supplements with green tea extract are presented by foreign manufacturers, mainly by monopreparations, in the form of capsules and in the price range from 200 to 500 UAH.
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Pinchuk, A. V., and M. S. Mukhametova. "Reforming the organizational and legal component of the United States of America donation and transplantation system to increase its effectiveness." City Healthcare 1, no. 1 (October 16, 2020): 96–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.47619/2713-2617.zm.2020.v1i1;96-107.
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Background. The demand for transplants leads to an increase in the demand for donor organs and as the result to their shortage all over the world. The United States is one of the world leaders in the number of donors and organ transplants. The article presents the results of an analysis focused on finding ways to improve the efficiency of the American donation and transplantation system. Purpose. The aim of the study is to analyze the organizational and legal components of the United States organ donation and transplantation system and identify possible ways to reform it. Materials and methods. The study carries out informational analysis and assessment of the effectiveness of the US donation and transplantation system based on the available official statistics for the period from 1991 to 2019, the results of the simulation of the application of the presumption of consent to posthumous donation, regulatory legal acts, insurance programs and scientific research of foreign and Russian scientists in the transplantation field. Results. A statistical data comparison showed that, despite the significant success of the United States in the development of donation and transplantation, there is a growing shortage of donor organs in the country, as in the whole world. The results of the analysis identified promising directions for reforming the donation and transplantation system in order to increase its effectiveness. There is great potential for increasing the supply of donor organs by the possible transition of the United States from the model of requested consent to the presumption of consent for posthumous donation. Centers for the procurement of donor organs have the least efficiency in the US organizational model of donation and transplantation. The financial vulnerability of living donors and organ donor recipients requires attention, because insurance programs do not cover their expenses, incl. on immunosuppressive drugs, due to the gap between the standards of care for organ donor recipients and the policies of insurance companies. The ongoing support measures or living donation are clearly insufficient. Conclusion. The directions of the US donation and transplantation system reforming identified in the course of the study require further elaboration and discussion in American society, the adoption of new regulatory legal acts, the development of new rules for the work of the system participants, adjustments to the assessment procedure, funding and support at the state and international level. Only a set of organizational, legal, financial and stimulating measures will help to increase the number of donor organs and the number of transplants.
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Daneshfard, Karamolla, and Samira Soheili Rad. "Philosophical analysis of theory x and y." Journal of Management and Accounting Studies 8, no. 2 (September 29, 2020): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jmas.vol8iss2pp44-48.
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Objective: The historical context management can be examined, such as the Pyramids of Egypt management, control and communication practices in the ancient Roman Empire and the legal framework of trade in the fourteenth century Venice followed. Methodology: Nevertheless, Iranians, Chinese, German and some other relatives insights and attitudes of the past have chosen in this area, but major changes in management during the Industrial Revolution came expecting. The world in the seventeenth century, the era of social upheaval when the thirteen American colonies broke away from Britain and the United States formed the crucial transformations spent. In this period of rapid population growth created fairs and supply of consumer goods. Results: The It was during this period that extends mass production methods Adam Smith (based on the division of labor and specialization in the pin factory) industry took a big turn in such a way that its effects are still seen in how often business organizations be. For example, Henry Ford in the early twentieth century by mass production in automotive manufacturing were achieved legendary success. Conclusion: Although this effect is limited to the amount of released McGregor at the time of his life, but he still is important. His classic study on the topic and motivated work, reflecting his main concern in the mid and late 1960s, when the one-dimensional organizations were at the peak. Public criticism of the theory of X and Y is that they are very exclusive.
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Klychova, Guzaliya, Alexander Tsypin, and Ayrat Valiev. "PROSPECTS FOR THE SOYBEAN MARKET DEVELOPMENT AND ITS IMPORTANCE FOR THE RUSSIAN ECONOMY." Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 16, no. 3 (November 21, 2021): 128–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2073-0462-2021-128-134.
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In order to assess the capabilities of the soybean production industry as one of the factors in the development of the Russian economy, the article provides an overview of global trends and forecasts of the dynamics of supply and demand in the market for soybeans and products from it. The universality and multifunctionality of this group of products is noted, which, together with their useful consumer properties, gives grounds for directing efforts to further develop this segment of the Russian economy. At the same time, the features of the distribution and functioning of the Russian soybean market are highlighted. In addition, the article analyzes the retrospective dynamics of the production of this product in the post-Soviet countries - 15 states of the ex-members of the Soviet Union. Based on the results of the application of a set of statistical methods, a comparison was made of the nature of the development of soybean production in the two leading states among the CIS countries - Russia and Ukraine. The study made it possible to draw the following conclusions: the world soybean market is a steadily developing system, in which the leading positions in production are occupied by the United States, Brazil and Argentina, and in terms of consumption, by China. The share of Russia in world production today is only 1%, while in the post-Soviet space, Russia and Ukraine occupy leading positions as exporters. Pressure from global producers and rising prices for soybeans leads to a significant increase in domestic production in the Russian economy. The field of practical application of the research results is to use some of the findings to conduct a further in-depth study of the prospects for growing soybeans, taking into account the climatic characteristics of the post-Soviet countries, as well as to assess the possibility of Russia entering the world soybean market
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Shuter, Jonathan, Ryung S. Kim, Lawrence C. An, and Lorien C. Abroms. "Feasibility of a Smartphone-Based Tobacco Treatment for HIV-Infected Smokers." Nicotine & Tobacco Research 22, no. 3 (October 4, 2018): 398–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ntr/nty208.
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Abstract Background Cigarette smoking is common among persons living with HIV (PLWH) in the United States. It is the leading cause of mortality in this group, and efforts to promote cessation have been largely unsuccessful. Methods From 2015 to 2017, we performed a randomized controlled trial of Positively Smoke Free–Mobile (PSF-M) versus standard care. PSF-M is a mobile Web site that offers a 42-day text message-based quit-smoking program with smartphone features including quit-day selection/calendar, educational/motivational videos, and HELP button for cravings. Results One hundred individuals enrolled, 48 were randomized to PSF-M (mean age = 45 years, 54% male, 81% black, 31% Latino) and 52 to the standard care condition. All participants were offered a 3-month supply of nicotine patches. Participants randomized to the mobile intervention visited the PSF-M home page a mean of 83 times, viewed 5.6/8 videos, logged in on 13 of 42 possible days, and received 131 texts. Among them, 77% tapped HELP for cravings, and craving response options were used by the following proportions: phone-a-friend, 58%; play-a-game, 29%; play-a-song, 4%. Older age and nonblack race were both associated with higher levels of engagement with the site. Of participants, 61% rated PSF-M very or extremely helpful, and 98% would recommend PSF-M to PLWH family or friends. Abstinence at 3 months, quit attempts, and daily cigarette intake all favored PSF-M over standard care but did not achieve statistical significance in our pilot sample. Conclusions Smartphone-based tobacco treatment for PLWH was feasible and achieved moderate–high rates of engagement and satisfaction in a middle-aged, ethnic or racial minority group in the poorest urban community in the United States. Implications Cigarette smoking has emerged as the leading killer of PLWH. Behavioral interventions have achieved only limited success in promoting cessation in this population. In this study, we explore the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a multimodal, Web-based, quit-smoking intervention delivered to PLWH smokers via their smartphones.
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Kampan, Palapan. "Sustainability and Competitiveness of Thailand’s Natural Rubber Industry in Times of Global Economic Flux." Asian Social Science 14, no. 1 (December 27, 2017): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v14n1p169.
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This study assesses economic, legal, and environmental conditions that Thai rubber farmers face, and evaluates actions they can take to increase incomes. Statistical analyses determine relationships between prices of oil, natural and synthetic rubber. Pearson correlation tests found a strong positive relationship (r = 0.887) between the price of Brent crude and Thai ribbed smoked sheets, and a moderate positive relationship between price changes in Brent and synthetic rubber (r = 0.648). Regression analysis showed Brent oil price is a good predictor of natural rubber prices. Moderate to strong positive relationships were also found between natural rubber price and gross domestic product of Japan, China, and the United States. Criminal antitrust behavior in rubber industries appeared to interfere with normal pricing in rubber markets. No significant bivariate correlation was found between rainfall in Thailand and natural rubber price, production, or export although flooding and other environmental issues clearly affected rubber farms. A survey of options showed Thai rubber farmers can improve livelihoods best through collective purchase and use of new technologies, and by integrating into downstream supply chain industries. At very least, farmers are urged to abandon monocrop methods and supplement incomes with fruit, fish, livestock, or pigs. stment budget, 2) architectural Aesthetic, and 3) utilization. Additionally, background of the interviewees is one of reinforcing factors for decision on universal design investment.
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Anjao Amdany, Bilha, Mercy Nyanchama Abere, and Daniel Komen. "KNOWLEDGE OF HAND HYGIENE AND COMPLIANCE AMONG CLINICIANS- AT A LEVEL SIX HOSPITAL IN KENYA: A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY." International Journal of Advanced Research 9, no. 10 (October 31, 2021): 358–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/13555.
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Background: Healthcare-associated infection (HCAI) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality among hospitalized patients, Compliance with hand hygiene (HH) recommendations is the simplest and most effective measure in preventing this infection. These infections are a cause of 37,000 deaths in Europe and 100,000 deaths in the United States annually. Thus, prevention of their spread is of utmost importance. Aim/Objectives: The study sought to determine the knowledge and compliance of hand hygiene among clinicians in a level six hospital in Kenya. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 140 clinicians using a multistage sampling technique. Data were collected with a set of self-administered, modified WHO questionnaire and analyzed using IBM and SPSS version 25 statistical package Results: A total of 140 respondents, (121 nurses and 19 doctors) participated in the study, of which 93 were females. Compliance to hand-disinfection was found to 65% (n=19) for doctors and 64% (n=121) for nurses. The mean age of respondents was 35.2±9.3 years, and majority of them were between 31-40years (50%). The male to female ratio was 1.9: 1. Most of the respondents were nurses121 (86.4%). There was statistical relationship (association) between professional cadre on the knowledge on hand hygiene i.e. those received formal training on hand hygiene in the last 4 years Chi p=0.022).From the survey results, it was seen that more nurses (88 73%, expected=84) had received formal training on hand hygiene in the last 4 years more than Doctors (9 47%, expected=13). Conclusion:- There was an average compliance to hand hygiene practices with a knowledgeable staff however more effort is needed to improve this through generation of standard operating procedures and guidelines with equitable and consistent supply of hand hygiene accessories.
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Balk, Deborah, Stefan Leyk, Mark R. Montgomery, and Hasim Engin. "Global Harmonization of Urbanization Measures: Proceed with Care." Remote Sensing 13, no. 24 (December 8, 2021): 4973. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13244973.
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By 2050, two-thirds of the world’s population is expected to be living in cities and towns, a marked increase from today’s level of 55 percent. If the general trend is unmistakable, efforts to measure it precisely have been beset with difficulties: the criteria defining urban areas, cities and towns differ from one country to the next and can also change over time for any given country. The past decade has seen great progress toward the long-awaited goal of scientifically comparable urbanization measures, thanks to the combined efforts of multiple disciplines. These efforts have been organized around what is termed the “statistical urbanization” concept, whereby urban areas are defined by population density, contiguity and total population size. Data derived from remote-sensing methods can now supply a variety of spatial proxies for urban areas defined in this way. However, it remains to be understood how such proxies complement, or depart from, meaningful country-specific alternatives. In this paper, we investigate finely resolved population census and satellite-derived data for the United States, Mexico and India, three countries with widely varying conceptions of urban places and long histories of debate and refinement of their national criteria. At the extremes of the urban–rural continuum, we find evidence of generally good agreement between the national and remote sensing-derived measures (albeit with variation by country), but identify significant disagreements in the middle ranges where today’s urban policies are often focused.
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NEZHYVA, Mariia, and Viktoriia MYSIUK. "War in Ukraine: challenges for the global economy." Foreign trade: economics, finance, law 121, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 16–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.31617/zt.knute.2022(121)02.
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Introduction. As the attack on Ukraine intensified, the United States and other Western countries imposed unprecedented economic sanctions on Russia and declared their support for Ukraine. Problem. Consideringthe far-reaching impact of the humanitarian crisis in Ukraine on international development in the long run, it is extremely important for the international community to implement comprehensive solutions focused on development priorities. The aim of the article is to study the impact of the war in Ukraine on inflation risks and challenges for the world economy. Methods. The information base of the study was the study of official information and periodicals. Methodological basis of the research: analysis, synthesis, systems approach, statistical methods and abstract-logical methods. Results. The new sanctions regime and the cost of the war are likely to push the Russian economy into a recession worse than the 1998 recession and the Russian financial crisis, accompanied by significant increases in inflation and the cost of living of Russian households. According to our preliminary estimates, Russia’s real GDP will fall by 4–9 % in 2022, while growth will range from –1 % to 2.5 % in 2023. Inflation may rise to 11–17 % in 2022, fall to 6–12.03 % in 2022. A key factor in these projections is that Russia’s oil and gas exports, especially to Europe, are largely continuing, but this may change if sanctions are tightened. In 2021, Russia’s exports of mineral fuels, oils and distillation products amounted to 199 USDbillion. USA, which accounts for 40.5 % of Russia’s total exports and 11.4 % of its GDP. Depending on the duration of sanctions and the possibility of their strengthening, the world economy may be significantly affected during 2022–2023. Conclusions. It is expected that the war in Ukraine will have a significant impact on the economy and consumers in terms of such actions: expanding the supply chain, increasing inflationary pressures, deteriorating economic prospects.
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Syhyda, L. O., and A. M. Tsunenko. "LOGISTIC ACTIVITY OF LUKAS MTC PE: CURRENT STATE AND DIRECTIONS OF FURTHER IMPROVEMENT." Vìsnik Sumsʹkogo deržavnogo unìversitetu, no. 2 (2020): 112–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/1817-9215.2020.2-13.
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In the current conditions problem of logistics is becoming more and more burning for enterprises. The reason is that logistics reflects the willingness of enterprises to adapting and transparency. Accordingly, the purpose of the article is to study the peculiarities of the logistics activities at the Lukas MTC PE. The data presented in the article were obtained using such research methods as analysis, graphical method, and SWOT-analysis. As a result of the research, the literature sources devoted to the problem of supply chain management and its efficiency evaluation at the enterprises were investigated. Using Google trends, we determined the dynamics of the keyword “logistics” search for the period from May 2019 to May 2020. Additionally, based on the Scopus database, we analyzed publications for the keyword “supply chain management”. It showed that the scientists from the United States, Great Britain, India, and Germany make the main contribution in this field, and the chain concept forms the largest cluster of research. Using SWOT-analysis, we identified the strengths and weaknesses of the Lukas MTC PE. It allowed determining further directions of enterprises’ development regarding potential threats. Moreover, we presented the features of the logistics activities of the enterprise in the form of the Ishikawa diagram. It showed the success factors of the Lukas MTC PE logistics activities. In particular, as the main factors, we highlighted its own logistics center, suppliers’ careful selection and control, electronic system 1C WMS in the warehouse, and others. The obtained results allowed to suggest three main directions of the logistics activity improvement. The first is the implementation of the logistics concept "just-in-time", which provides the use of the KANBAN system. The second one is the implementation of the ERP system, and the third is the introduction of SAP Transportation Management (SAP TM). Also, we analyzed potential risks to increase the effectiveness of the proposed improvements implementation. The extreme risks are lack of material, financial, labor resources, and insufficient qualifications of employees in working with new programs. Additionally, risk analysis allowed to develop preventive measures to reduce or eliminate potential risks. Further research aims at studying the peculiarities of Lukas MTC PE interaction with suppliers.
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Wang, Chia-Nan, Van Tran Hoang Viet, Thanh Phong Ho, Van Thanh Nguyen, and Viet Tinh Nguyen. "Multi-Criteria Decision Model for the Selection of Suppliers in the Textile Industry." Symmetry 12, no. 6 (June 8, 2020): 979. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12060979.
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In recent years, the market of textile and garment materials has been volatile, and the ongoing US-China trade war is creating good opportunities for other markets such as Vietnam, Bangladesh and Mexico to continue to expand their market share in the United States. Vietnam is expected to have great advantages thanks to cheap labor cost and strong production capacity. Raw material supplier selection in a volatile competitive environment is crucial for a company to succeed, and supplier selection is a complicate process in which decision-makers must consider multiple quantitative and qualitative features, along with their symmetrical impact, in order to achieve an optimal result. The purpose of selecting the right supplier is to improve competitiveness and product quality, while satisfying customer demand at a minimum production cost. The aim of this paper is to propose a multicriteria decision making model (MCDM) for garment and textile supplier selection. In the first stage, all criteria affecting this process are defined by using the supply chain operations reference model (SCOR) and experts’ opinion. Incorporating hybrid fuzzy set theory into the analytical network process (ANP) model is the most effective tool for addressing complex problems of decision-making, which has a connection with various qualitative criteria; thus, the Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP) was applied for determining the weight of all potential suppliers, and the preference ranking organization method for enrichment of evaluations (PROMETHEE II) was used for ranking the supplier. The results of this research will assist researchers and decision makers in identifying, adapting and applying appropriate methods to identify the optimal material suppliers in the textile and garment industry. This research can also be used to support supplier selection decisions in other industries.
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Choi, Lydia, Hadeel Assad, Wei Chen, Tammy Demeere, Hyejeong Jang, Elizabeth Weisberg, and Mary Ann Kosir. "Abstract P4-11-22: Arm lymphedema and socioeconomic factors in an urban cancer center." Cancer Research 82, no. 4_Supplement (February 15, 2022): P4–11–22—P4–11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs21-p4-11-22.
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Abstract Introduction. Socioeconomic and racial factors have been reported as influencing breast cancer outcomes. Low income and African American race are associated with worse outcomes after a breast cancer diagnosis. Lymphedema is a common side effect of cancer treatment, occurring in approximately 25-60% of patients who undergo axillary dissection with or without radiation. In our urban, heavily African American population, we examined socioeconomic risk factors for arm lymphedema development. Methods. 176 women were enrolled before surgery for stage 0-III breast cancer. Baseline interviews were conducted, including job descriptions, income, ethnic background, marital status, weight, and medical comorbidities. Pathologic stage as well as treatment regimen including receipt of radiation to the axilla were also recorded. Baseline arm measurements were also taken. Arm measurements were repeated at intervals of 3 months up to 2 years, and any increase >5% was classified as lymphedema. Median follow-up was 2 years. Results. Cox regression was used to identify patient factors associated with lymphedema development. Median age at enrollment was 51 (29-86). 46% of patients enrolled were Caucasian, and 42% were African American. 11% had carcinoma in situ, 33% had stage I, 42% had stage II, and 14% had stage III breast cancer at presentation. 68% of patients were overweight or obese at presentation. Of the patients who had income data available, 30% had income >$50,000 per year, 15% had income $15,000-50,000 per year, and 24% of patients had income <$15,000 per year. 45% of patients were married or cohabitating with a partner, 38% were divorced and 13% were single. 20% of patients were not working outside the home at the time of enrollment, 49% had jobs that involved office work, and 23% had jobs that involved manual labor. Job descriptions classified as involving manual labor were associated with higher risk of lymphedema (p=0.033). Higher body mass index (≥30), total mastectomy, and axillary dissection (removal of ≥9 nodes) were significantly associated with development of lymphedema (p<0.05). Divorced status showed a trend towards association with lymphedema but was not statistically significant (p=0.08) Sentinel node biopsy with axillary sampling was not a risk factor for lymphedema development. Race was not associated with lymphedema development. Very low income (United States Housing and Urban Development classification <$15,000 at the time of the study) was not significantly associated with higher risk of lymphedema. Conclusion. Higher body mass index and more extensive surgical intervention are known risk factors for lymphedema development. Our study findings also showed an association between these known risk factors and lymphedema development. There has been conflicting evidence about weight lifting and arm lymphedema development in the past. A previous report from Schmitz et al. in the New England Journal of Medicine showed no association of slowly progressive weight lifting with lymphedema risk. Our study, however, showed a significant association of work-related manual labor with arm lymphedema development. In our urban population of Detroit, Michigan, many manual laborers work in the automotive industry. This type of work may require lifting of heavy loads suddenly, rather than in a controlled, gradual increase as with exercise. Interventions to avoid sudden resumption of manual labor requiring lifting of heavy loads after breast cancer treatment may be beneficial in reducing the risk of lymphedema development. Citation Format: Lydia Choi, Hadeel Assad, Wei Chen, Tammy Demeere, Hyejeong Jang, Elizabeth Weisberg, Mary Ann Kosir. Arm lymphedema and socioeconomic factors in an urban cancer center [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2021 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2021 Dec 7-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-11-22.
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Andreu Perez, Pedro, Gina Cioffi, Jenny Karam, Caroline Child, Fernando Tricta, and Giacomo Chiesi. "Cost of Care of Rare Hematologic Disorders in the United States: Call to Action for Policy Supporting Pharmacologic Innovation." Blood 138, Supplement 1 (November 5, 2021): 2964. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2021-151271.
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Abstract BACKGROUND: Rare diseases (RD) present a societal concern because of lack of treatment availability and difficulty developing new treatments. Even when treatment options exist, there are considerable barriers to diagnosis and access to specialty care. OBJECTIVES: To estimate direct (attributable to patient care), indirect (patients' and caregivers' loss of productivity), and mortality-related costs of 5 rare hematologic disorders (atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome [aHUS], acute intermittent porphyria, acquired aplastic anemia, beta thalassemia major, and sickle cell disease) and evaluate burden of care, both when treatment is available and when no treatment exists. We compared these costs with mass market (MM) diseases, including a common hematologic disorder, deep vein thrombosis (DVT), to highlight the need to better serve RD individuals. METHODS: We evaluated peer-reviewed published articles and databases (e.g., Orphanet, the Genetic and Rare Disease Information Center, NORD, NIH), conducted interviews with patient advocacy groups (e.g., Global Gene, the EveryLife Foundation for Rare Diseases, NORD) and key opinion leaders (e.g., Penn Blood Disorders Center), and referred to the US Bureau of Labor Statistics and Medi-Span Price Rx. We performed a statistical analysis to confirm that the sample size of patients covered in our disease selection was significant. In-depth analyses were performed to assess the per patient per year (PPPY) direct, indirect, and mortality costs associated with the 5 disorders, as well as costs for MM diseases, including DVT. While treatments exist for each of these 5 rare disorders, there are no universal curative options. Cost data for MM diseases, including DVT, were derived from literature reviews. RESULTS: The economic burden of rare hematologic disorders in the US is considerable. For most diseases, treatment costs account for the majority of total direct costs (52-90%). Indirect and mortality costs account for 4% and 22% of the total burden cost, respectively, but mortality costs vary widely (4-74% of total costs). Highest overall direct cost observed was for aHUS ($530k) due to challenging diagnosis, persistent treatment, and poor prognosis. Productivity loss is 2 hours/week for patients and 2-4 hours/week for caregivers. The life expectancy of aHUS patients is ~60 years, but if untreated this may be shortened to ~35 years. The lowest overall direct cost was for beta thalassemia major ($69k). The majority of direct costs are split between treatment costs and medical procedures. Patient productivity loss is estimated to be >3.5 weeks of work loss/year in the 60% of patients who require bimonthly transfusions. Caregiver burden constitutes 9.2 hours/week of work loss. New therapies are likely to offset mortality costs in the future. Although the direct, indirect, and mortality costs of these 5 disorders are high (average total cost $228k), the burden of cost is higher in all scenarios if treatments did not exist (60% increase in overall cost). As would be expected under the "no treatment" scenarios, the direct costs attributed to each disease decreased, but indirect and mortality costs increased. Value of treatment is demonstrated by decreases in PPPY indirect costs. When no treatments were available, the range for productivity loss was ~$33k to $61k for patients and ~$25k to $61k for caregivers, compared with ~$3k to $22k for patients and ~$4k to $5k for caregivers when treatments were available. The average PPPY costs of MM diseases for which treatments are available, including DVT, are estimated to be between $6k to $27k for direct costs, $10k to $16k for indirect costs, and $3k to $24k for mortality costs. In comparison with MM diseases, including DVT, the 5 rare disorders had average direct costs of ~$169k (a 6.25- to 26-fold increase), indirect costs of ~$9k (a modest decrease), and mortality costs of ~$50k (a 2.1- to 15-fold increase). CONCLUSIONS: These scenario analyses demonstrate that RD therapies generate positive economic value. Further, analysis shows that RD pose a greater social economic burden than MM diseases. This information can be utilized to further efforts by the RD community for increased governmental investment in RD treatment, diagnosis, and access. Disclosures Andreu Perez: Chiesi Global Rare Diseases: Other: PA is a full-time employee IQVIA. The employer of PA received consulting fees from Chiesi Global Rare Diseases for this analysis. Cioffi: Chiesi Global Rare Diseases: Current Employment. Karam: Chiesi Global Rare Diseases: Other: JK is a full-time employee IQVIA. The employer of JK received consulting fees from Chiesi Global Rare Diseases for this analysis. Child: Chiesi Global Rare Diseases: Other: CC is a full-time employee IQVIA. The employer of CC received consulting fees from Chiesi Global Rare Diseases for this analysis. Tricta: Chiesi Canada Corp: Current Employment. Chiesi: Chiesi Farmaceutici SpA: Current Employment.
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Saadatzi, Mohammad Nasser, M. Cynthia Logsdon, Shamsudeen Abubakar, Sumit Das, Penelope Jankoski, Heather Mitchell, Diane Chlebowy, and Dan O. Popa. "Acceptability of Using a Robotic Nursing Assistant in Health Care Environments: Experimental Pilot Study." Journal of Medical Internet Research 22, no. 11 (November 12, 2020): e17509. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/17509.
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Background According to the US Bureau of Labor Statistics, nurses will be the largest labor pool in the United States by 2022, and more than 1.1 million nursing positions have to be filled by then in order to avoid a nursing shortage. In addition, the incidence rate of musculoskeletal disorders in nurses is above average in comparison with other occupations. Robot-assisted health care has the potential to alleviate the nursing shortage by automating mundane and routine nursing tasks. Furthermore, robots in health care environments may assist with safe patient mobility and handling and may thereby reduce the likelihood of musculoskeletal disorders. Objective This pilot study investigates the perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness (acceptability) of a customized service robot as determined by nursing students (as proxies for nursing staff in health care environments). This service robot, referred to as the Adaptive Robotic Nurse Assistant (ARNA), was developed to enhance the productivity of nurses through cooperation during physical tasks (eg, patient walking, item fetching, object delivery) as well as nonphysical tasks (eg, patient observation and feedback). This pilot study evaluated the acceptability of ARNA to provide ambulatory assistance to patients. Methods We conducted a trial with 24 participants to collect data and address the following research question: Is the use of ARNA as an ambulatory assistive device for patients acceptable to nurses? The experiments were conducted in a simulated hospital environment. Nursing students (as proxies for nursing staff) were grouped in dyads, with one participant serving as a nurse and the other acting as a patient. Two questionnaires were developed and administrated to the participants based on the Technology Acceptance Model with respect to the two subscales of perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use metrics. In order to evaluate the internal consistency/reliability of the questionnaires, we calculated Cronbach alpha coefficients. Furthermore, statistical analyses were conducted to evaluate the relation of each variable in the questionnaires with the overall perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use metrics. Results Both Cronbach alpha values were acceptably high (.93 and .82 for perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use questionnaires, respectively), indicating high internal consistency of the questionnaires. The correlation between the variables and the overall perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use metrics was moderate. The average perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use metrics among the participants were 4.13 and 5.42, respectively, out of possible score of 7, indicating a higher-than-average acceptability of this service robot. Conclusions The results served to identify factors that could affect nurses’ acceptance of ARNA and aspects needing improvement (eg, flexibility, ease of operation, and autonomy level).
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Ellana, MOLCHANOVA, and KOVTONIUK Kateryna. "DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF WORLD TRADE." Foreign trade: economics, finance, law 119, no. 6 (December 22, 2021): 53–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.31617/zt.knute.2021(119)05.
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Background. Thanks to theconstant digitalization of modern life, consumers from almost all countries now receive income from the benefits of online transactions. As the Internet spreads rapidly around the world, the number of customers using digital technologies is growing every year. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on digital commerce and online consumer behavioraround the world. An analysis of recent research and publications has shown that the impact of exogenous and endogenous factors on the transformation of online and offline trade remains unnoticed by leading researchers around the world. The aim is to identify current trends in the process of digitalization of world trade. Materials and methods. The main research methods are logical, analytical, graphical, tabular, and statistical. Results. The transformation of world trade has accelerated in the development of the process of digitalization of the world economy. Despite the slowdown in the growth of digital trade, there is an increase in the number of buyers and, consequently, sales. The development and application of information and communication technologies has determined the leading positions of countries in terms of foreign exchange earnings. China, the United States, Great Britain and Japan hold the undisputed championship. The other six countries, included in the TOP-10, are constantly changing, which is characterized by increased competition in this area. Conclusion. The rapid development of digital trade is due to the use of quality infrastructure that supports computer networks. Exogenous factors that will affect the competitive position of leading countries in the field of retail are the level of development of online trade, the rate of vaccination against COVID-19, modification of coronavirus infection and subsequent outbreaks of this disease, which will lead to further quarantine measures. In addition, increasing competition from developing countries should be noted. Thus, in response to exogenous changes, endogenous changes will primarily take place in the companies of the leading countries, which will be related to changes in supply chains, where the main focus will be on sustainability, excessiveness and diversification of products. Smaller retailers will continue to focus on speed and cost of delivery. It is obvious that digital trade has an inexhaustible potential of opportunities for enterprising entrepreneurs.
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Svitlana, GALKO, and OSIIEVSKA Valentyna. "EXPORT-IMPORT POTENTIAL OF THE MOTOR BOAT MARKET OF UKRAINE." INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC-PRACTICAL JOURNAL "COMMODITIES AND MARKETS" 36, no. 4 (December 10, 2020): 29–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.31617/tr.knute.2020(36)03.
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Background. The economic crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has revealed most popular products in the global market among consumers, in particular those for spending leisure time alone. Among them, surprisingly, motor boats were found. In Ukraine, increasing the production of certain types of watercraft may be a chance to save the entire shipbuilding industry. The aim of the article is to analyse the state and the structure of the world and domestic markets of motor boats in order to establish possible directions for the development of the export potential of Ukraine. Materials and methods. The methods of logical analysis and generalization of scientific literature, statistical data on the export and import of goods were used; the tools of market analysis of the International Trade Centre (ITC) were applied. Results. The state of the motor boats world market is analysed according to import data. The main consumers of these motor boats and trends of theirs changes in 2005–2019 were studied. The data on the motor boats import to Ukraine is provided. The countries-exporters of motor boats are considered and their future potential is determined. The data on the motor boats export from Ukraine is given. The level of tariff protection by different countries of the world in relation to motor boats from Ukraine is assessed. Conclusion. When planning a strategy for the development of motor boats export, Ukrainian enterprises should take into account that most of the importing countries of motor boats do not impose tariff protection in relation to Ukraine, and where it is present at a sufficiently high level, there is no significant consumption of motor boats. For the development of a trade partnership in the direction of exporting motor boats, Ukraine should choose the Cayman Islands, the Netherlands, Malta, the United States of America, the British Virgin Islands, France, Gibraltar, Spain, Canada and the Seychelles –the largest consumers of motor boats. Ukraine needs to pay special attention to the Netherlands, Italy and Germany – countries that will hold the leading exporters position of motor boats for a long time. Cooperation with manufacturers of these countries in the global supply chain of motor boats to the world market could be very useful not only for motor boat manufacturers, but also for manufacturers of individual parts and accessoriesfor motor boats.
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Muir, Michele, Jasmine Johnson, Sitong Shu, Hui-Han Chen, Sachiko Ozawa, and Benyam Muluneh. "Evaluating Real-World Effectiveness and Safety of Generic and Brand-Name Imatinib in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia." Blood 138, Supplement 1 (November 5, 2021): 3614. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2021-149309.
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Abstract Introduction: Generic formulations of imatinib were approved and commercially available in the United States starting in 2016, introducing vast cost savings to the standard treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). While bioequivalence studies of generic formulations are required for Food and Drug Administration approval, the safety of generic drug supply chains have come into question. There is limited real-world data comparing the effectiveness and safety profiles of generic formulations to the original. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of generic imatinib compared to the branded product. Methods: This retrospective study included patients treated at UNC Medical Centers who were diagnosed with CML and treated with imatinib at any time during their course of treatment. Data was retrieved from the institution's electronic health record and collected over the first 6 months of imatinib treatment to include both safety and effectiveness outcomes. The primary endpoint was to compare generic versus branded product effectiveness, as defined by the European LeukemiaNet (ELN) guidelines (achieving BCR-ABL/ABL ratio of <10% and <1% at 3 and 6 months, respectively). The secondary endpoints included comparisons of generic vs branded product safety, measured via patient adverse drug events (ADEs), all-cause hospitalizations, and early treatment discontinuation. Patients were excluded from primary endpoint evaluation and only included for safety endpoint analysis if they were not treated with imatinib first-line and if duration of imatinib treatment was less than 6 months. Results: Fifty-one CML patients met criteria with no significant differences in age or gender between the generic (n = 23) and brand (n = 28) imatinib groups (Table 1). First-line therapy was composed of 83% of patients on generic imatinib and 29% of patients on brand imatinib. Of those receiving first-line imatinib therapy, there was no difference in molecular responses at 3 and 6 months between generic and brand imatinib (p = 0.71). Brand imatinib was associated with numerically lower CML-related emergency department visits and hospitalizations when compared to generic imatinib, although this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.12). Rates of discontinuation were numerically lower for brand imatinib although overall time to discontinuation was shorter for generic imatinib (Table 1). Conclusions: This study demonstrates real-world treatment effectiveness and safety of generic and brand imatinib in clinical practice. Generic imatinib appears to be associated with higher rates of CML-related ED visits and hospitalizations although sample size was small and statistical significance was not reached. Further analyses of comparisons and continuation of data collection will provide a more robust assessment to compare the effectiveness and safety of generic and brand imatinib in the real-world setting. Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures Muluneh: Novartis: Other: Spouse works for Novartis.
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A. Quinn, Katherine, and Nicole A. Buzzetto-Hollywood. "Faculty and Student Perceptions of the Importance of Management Skills in the Hospitality Industry." Interdisciplinary Journal of e-Skills and Lifelong Learning 15 (2019): 021–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/4198.
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Aim/Purpose: The purpose of this study was to gain an understanding of faculty and student perceptions of the importance of resource, interpersonal, information, systems, and technology management competencies in the hospitality industry Background: The increasing complexity and technological dependency of the diverse hospitality and tourism sector raises the skill requirements needed, and expected, of new hires making education and competency development a strategic priority. Identifying the skills needed for hospitality graduates to succeed in a sector that is continuously being impacted by digitalization and globalization must be a continual process predicated on the desire to meet ever-changing industry needs. This study seeks to update and further explore an investigation started a decade ago that examined the skills and competencies valued by hiring managers in the hospitality industry. Methodology: The Secretary’s Commission on Achieving Necessary Skills (SCANS), comprised of representatives from business, labor, education, and government, developed the framework, of workplace competencies and foundation skills used in this study. This research used a survey methodology for data collection and descriptive and inferential statistical methods during the analyses. The data for this study were collected from faculty, staff, hospitality industry stakeholders, and students of a Department of Hospitality & Tourism Management located at a small eastern Historically Black University (HBU). An electronic survey was sent to169 respondents and a total of 100 completed surveys were received for an overall return rate of 59%. Contribution: This study provides research on a population (first-generation minority college students) that is expanding in numbers in higher education and that the literature, reports as being under-prepared for academic success. This paper is timely and relevant and can be used to inform hospitality educators so that they can best meet the needs of their students and the companies looking to hire skilled graduates. Findings: The findings of this study indicate there is inconsistent agreement among academicians and students regarding the importance of SCANS-specific competencies in hospitality graduates. At the same time, there is no argument that industry skills will be critical in the future of hospitality graduates. Overwhelmingly, participating students and faculty found all of the SCANS competencies important with the highest ranked competencies being interpersonal skills, which, given the importance of teamwork, customer service skills, leadership, and working with cultural diversity in the hospitality industry, was expected. Additionally, participating students indicated their strong agreement that internships are effective at building professional skills. Finally, the hospitality students included in this study who were enrolled in a skill-based curriculum were confident that their program is preparing them with the necessary skills and competencies that they will need for their future careers. Recommendations for Practitioners: Higher education hospitality programs should be exploring the skills valued by industry, teaching faculty, and the students to see if they are being satisfied. Recommendation for Researchers: This research should be expanded to additional institutions across the United States as well as abroad. This particular research protocol is easily replicated and can be duplicated at both minority and majority serving institutions enabling greater comparisons across groups. Impact on Society: Several reports identify gaps in the 21st century skills required for the workplace and the effectiveness of higher education in preparing graduates for the workforce. This study helps to propel this discussion forward with relevant findings and a research methodology that is easily replicable. Future Research: A follow-up study of employers is currently being conducted.
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Silva, Elisabeth Regina Alves Cavalcanti, Rodrigo De Queiroga Miranda, Pedro Dos Santos Ferreira, Viviane Pedroso Gomes, and Josiclêda Domiciano Galvíncio. "Estimativa do Estresse Hidrológico na Bacia Hidrográfica do Riacho do Pontal-PE / Hydrological stress estimate in Pontal watershed-PE." Caderno de Geografia 26, no. 47 (September 20, 2016): 844. http://dx.doi.org/10.5752/p.2318-2962.2016v26n47p844.
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<p>A Bacia Hidrográfica do Riacho do Pontal está localizada na região semiárida do Estado de Pernambuco, próxima a importantes polos de fruticultura irrigada como o de Petrolina-Juazeiro, porém, pela baixa disponibilidade hídrica a agricultura irrigada apresenta grandes limitações. Por essa razão, levar-se em consideração apenas a problemática da disponibilidade hídrica da Bacia sem que haja estudos relevantes em relação às mudanças climáticas, pode vir a ocasionar uma série de dificuldades em relação à oferta de água. Dessa forma, utilizou-se uma metodologia empregada em países como Estados Unidos e Austrália para o diagnóstico do estresse hidrológico, que estima através de métodos estatísticos, a vulnerabilidade das mudanças climáticas da Bacia e a demanda da população pelos recursos hídricos. A metodologia leva em consideração a dinâmica natural da Bacia com base na série histórica das vazões naturais de 1935 a 1985, portanto antes das modificações acarretadas pela ação antrópica tais como: obras de regularização de vazões realizadas por reservatórios, desvios de água, evaporações em reservatórios, usos consuntivos, etc. A partir dos resultados obtidos constatou-se que a Bacia apresenta uma alta variabilidade climática, alta não-estacionariedade da série hidrológica analisada, alta vulnerabilidade às mudanças climáticas, alta razão de uso dos recursos hídricos e alto estresse hidrológico, indicando com isso que os sistemas de abastecimento de água da região atuam no limite da capacidade, sendo sujeita a variações nos padrões climáticos, bem como indica a impossibilidade da Bacia ofertar água suficiente para atender as demandas, de forma que a sua integração com a Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio São Francisco é a alternativa mais viável para a realidade da região.</p><p><strong>Palavras-chave: </strong>mudanças climáticas, disponibilidade hídrica, fruticultura irrigada, integração de Bacias hidrográficas.</p><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>The river basin Pontal is localized in the semiarid region of Pernambuco, near to big centers of irrigated fruit growing as the Petrolina-Juazeiro, however, through the low availability of water the irrigated agriculture presents major limitations. For this reason, lead into consideration only the problematic of hydric availability the basin without there is relevant studies on climate changes, can occasion a lot of difficulties in relation to water offer. Thus, was used a methodology housekeeper in countries like the United States and Australia for the diagnosis of the hydrologic stress, what estimate through statistical methods, the vulnerability of climate changes the basin and the demand of the population by hydric resources. The methodology takes into consideration the natural dynamics of the basin based on historical series of natural flow rates from 1935 to 1985, therefore before the modifications brought about by human activities such as: regularization of stream flow realized by reservoirs, water diversions, evaporation in reservoirs, consultive uses, among others. From the results obtained it was found that the basin presents a high climatic variability, high nonstationarity the hydrologic series analyzed, high vulnerability to climate change, high reason of use of the water resources and high hydrologic stress, indicating with it, that the systems the supply of water in the region, operate in the capacity threshold is subject to variations in weather patterns, as well as indicates the impossibility of basin offer enough water to answer the demands, so that their integration with the watershed of the São Francisco River is the most viable alternative to the reality of the region.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong><strong>: </strong>climate change, water availability, irrigated fruit, watersheds integration.</p><p> </p>
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Kumar, Riten, Joseph R. Stanek, Susan E. Creary, and Sarah O'Brien. "Risk Factors for Venous Thrombo-Embolism in Children with Sickle Cell Disease: a Multicenter Cohort Study." Blood 128, no. 22 (December 2, 2016): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.7.7.
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Abstract Background: A hypercoagulable state resulting in increased venous thrombo-embolism (VTE) has been described in adults with sickle cell disease (SCD). Similar data for children is lacking. Previously, in a single-institution, retrospective study of 414 pediatric patients with SCD followed at Nationwide Children's Hospital (NCH) between 2009 and 2015, we identified central venous catheters (CVC) as an independent risk factor for VTE [OR (± 95%CI): 10.3 (1.1-92.2)]. 12/414 (2.9%) subjects developed VTE over the course of the study1. The objective of this retrospective, multicenter cohort study was to describe risk factors associated with VTE in children with SCD across children's hospitals in the United States (US). Methods: This study was deemed to be exempt by the Institutional Review Board at NCH. Data source for this multicenter cohort study was the Pediatric Health Information Systems (PHIS), an administrative database that contains clinical and resource utilization data for inpatient, ambulatory surgery, emergency department and observation unit patient encounters for 49 free standing children's hospitals in the US. Data quality and reliability are assured through a joint effort between Children's Hospital Association and participating institutions2. ICD-9-CM codes were used to identify subjects. Eligible subjects were <21 years of age, were admitted to one of the PHIS hospitals between 01/01/2009 and 12/31/2013 and had at least 2 SCD specific ICD-9 discharge codes. VTE and comorbid conditions of interest (congenital heart disease, cancer, chronic renal disease, obesity, inflammatory bowel disease etc) were also identified using ICD-9 codes. Supply codes were used to identify CVC placement and pharmaceutical billing codes to identify oral contraceptive use. Logistic regression analysis was used to study association between unique patient characteristics and VTE. Due to the low event rate of VTE, logistic regression models were corrected using the Firth method. Variables found to be significant (p-value < 0.05) on univariate analysis were entered into a multivariable model. All data were summarized and presented using descriptive statistics. All statistical analyses were performed using SAS software, version 9.3 (SAS Institute, Cary, NC). Results: A total of 8941 unique subjects (4359 female) met inclusion criteria with a mean age (± 95%CI) of 7.28 (7.14-7.42) years. 159 subjects (96 female) developed VTE during the study period. Mean age (± 95%CI) at VTE diagnosis was 14.73 (13.84-15.63) years. No increase in VTE diagnosis was appreciated over the course of the study. On multivariable analysis, any CVC placement [OR (± 95%CI): 8.9 (6.45-12.3); p<0.0001], chronic renal disease [5.19 (1.48-18.19); p=0.01], female gender [1.59 (1.15-2.20); p=0.005), and older age at admission [1.10 (1.07-1.12); p<0.0001] were identified as risk factors associated with VTE diagnosis. Patients with SCD and VTE were more likely to be admitted to the intensive care unit (1.61 (0.99-2.62); p=0.05), though VTE diagnosis had no impact on mortality [1.49 (0.44-5.10); p=0.5]. Conclusion: Rate of VTE in children with SCD admitted to children's hospitals in the US is around 1.8%. CVC use is associated with a nearly 9-fold increased risk of VTE diagnosis. Additionally, chronic renal disease, female gender and older age at admission were also associated with VTE diagnosis. Prospective cohort studies are needed to confirm these findings and develop risk prediction models for VTE in children with SCD. Such studies will help develop and validate evidence based VTE prophylactic regimens for children with SCD. Reference: 1. Woods G, Sharma R, Creary S, et al. Venous thrombo-embolism (VTE) in children with sickle cell disease (SCD): an institutional experience. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis. 2015;13:58-58. 2. Witmer CM, Lambert MP, O'Brien SH, Neunert C. Multicenter Cohort Study Comparing U.S. Management of Inpatient Pediatric Immune Thrombocytopenia to Current Treatment Guidelines. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2016;63(7):1227-1231. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Stanislavchuk, O., O. Gornostaj, N. Slobodianyk, and V. Tokars'ka. "DANGERS MONITORING IN SECONDARY EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS." Bulletin of Lviv State University of Life Safety 20 (January 23, 2020): 64–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.32447/20784643.20.2019.09.
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Creating a safe environment in schools is an extremely important task that requires a lot of attention. Peculiarity of such educational institution is: - availability of premises for various purposes (classrooms, classrooms for such subjects as chemistry and physics, workshops for labor training with tools, materials, sewing machines, sports and assembly hall, dining room, kitchen). - group stay in one building of different children age groups at the same time. - institutions become the venue for various events – fairs, concerts, meetings, sports competitions. The legislation of Ukraine states that all institution employees, as well as students, should be taught the safe be-havior rules. It has been researched that child traumatism makes up about 26% of the total, including 12-16% at school. It is found that not all educational staff have an idea of the potential dangers real number that could endanger both their lives and their health and their students as well. The main causes of school traumatism are: the lack of teacher control over students' behavior during lessons and breaks and poorly organized educational work. Studies of existing risks at the educational process were carried out in several ways: legislation on the education-al process organizing analysis, sociological (questionary of students, their parents, teachers, teachers of inclusive educa-tion, employees of supervisory bodies), statistical (emergencies analysis that occurred in educational countries for the last two years) and other methods. The study compiled a list of the most common dangers that pose or may pose a threat to educational process participants in modern schools. The most common are: - unknown gas, which is distributed at school events or at school premises, so it is necessary to plan evacuation drills in case of unknown gas spraying in premises, or detection of explosive or unknown objects in premises or on school area, as well as in case of danger; - the dangers encountered in the school's courtyards - enhanced protection and access restriction to the educational institutions territory of persons who do not directly participate in the educational process and to develop and dis-seminate to students, pedagogical staff the rules leaflet on dealing with suspicious objects; - fires in school buildings - fire safety inspections before the school year start show that a significant percentage of schools do not meet the requirements. The main violations found while fire safety school detecting are: missing or faulty fire systems; improperly connected hydrants; faulty fire extinguishers; missing or faulty external water supply; arrangement of fire-hazardous stretch ceilings; no lightning rod; combustible bases under concealed wires, sockets and switches,; evacuation routes are not illuminated; no fire protection, no fire safety instructions; lattices are fixed on the windows; the door does not open in the exit direction. All educational process participants should know the procedure and sequence of actions in case of fire: 1. The fire department must be notified by telephone (101), to switch on the notification system, to inform the facility manager or the assistant. 2. Evacuate students and pupils from the building on the alarm signal. Evacuation should be performed accord-ing to the developed evacuation scenario in different cases (the event happened during the lesson, during a break, while staying with children in the cafeteria, during events in the assembly hall, at night - for institutions with round-the-clock stay of children, etc.). 3. All puipils evacuated from the building are checked according to the available in groups or classes list (log-book) by name. 4. In the daytime, pupils, groups (classes) are accommodated in the building (on the specified address). At night, they are evacuated to the building (note address). Therefore, knowing the simplest security rules will help to reduce the level of danger at an institution. The need is to create a risk management system that will allow: successfully deal with the risks of different origins and their consequences; take into account the specifics of each situation; ensure adequate powers and responsibilities allocation; respond promptly to changing conditions; optimally apply the necessary resources to reduce risk; eliminate the negative effects of adverse situations and events with minimal resources and in the shortest possible time.
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Hu, Mingzhao. "Multivariate understanding of income and expenditure in United States households with statistical learning." Computational Statistics, July 23, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00180-022-01251-2.
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AbstractIn recent decades, data-driven approaches have been developed to analyze demographic and economic surveys on a large scale. Despite advances in multivariate techniques and learning methods, in practice the analysis and interpretations are often focused on a small portion of available data and limited to a single perspective. This paper aims to utilize a selected array of multivariate statistical learning methods in the analysis of income and expenditure patterns of households in the United States using the Public-Use Microdata from the Bureau of Labor Statistics Consumer Expenditure Survey (CE). The objective is to propose an effective data pipeline that provides visualizations and comprehensive interpretations for applications in governmental regulations and economic research, using thirty-five original survey variables covering the categories of demographics, income and expenditure. Details on feature extraction not only showcase CE as a unique publicly-shared big data resource with high potential for in-depth analysis, but also assist interested researchers with pre-processing. Challenges from missing values and categorical variables are treated in the exploratory analysis, while statistical learning methods are comprehensively employed to address multiple economic perspectives. Principal component analysis suggests that after-tax income, wage/salary income, and the quarterly expenditure in food, housing and overall as the five most important of the selected variables, while cluster analysis identifies and visualizes the implicit structure between variables. Based on this, canonical correlation analysis reveals high correlation between two selected groups of variables, one of income and the other of expenditure.
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Boys, Kathryn, and Angela Fraser. "The Gap between Perception and Reality: Obstacles to Public School Use of Produce from Small Local Farms in the Southeastern United States." Health Behavior and Policy Review 8, no. 1 (January 1, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.14485/hbpr.8.1.2.
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Objective: Connecting farms to school foodservice operations is complex. Our purposes in this study were to: (1) identify and assess self-reported benefits and challenges to procurement and use of produce purchased directly from small farms in school foodservice operations, and (2) determine if opinions about procurement from small farms significantly differs between those with and without experience purchasing these products. Methods: An online survey was conducted with child nutrition directors from 3 southeastern states in the United States. Statistical tests assessed differences in opinions between those with and without experience purchasing with these products. Results: Directors without experience understood the benefits but significantly overestimated the difficulty in obtaining and using these products. Experience shaped director perceptions regarding perceived procurement challenges related to contract terms, ordering challenges, food safety practices, and ability of small farms to supply foodservice needs. Conclusions: Challenges exist in procuring produce from small farms (eg, lack of coordinated ordering, delivery, and communications processes, insufficient availability of products, and limited value-added processing). Sourcing products directly from these farms is not as onerous as perceived to be. Bridging
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Asserson, Derek B., and Jeffrey E. Janis. "The Aging Surgeon: Evidence and Experience." Aesthetic Surgery Journal, March 23, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/asj/sjab145.
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Abstract Background With doctors in short supply and a strong demand for surgeon services in all areas of the United States, urban and rural, there are pressures to remain in active practice for longer. Even with an older workforce, there are currently no requirements for when a surgeon must retire in the United States. Objectives The aim of this article was to highlight the importance of the aging surgeon to the medical community and to provide an evidence-based overview of age-related cognitive and physical issues that develop during the later stages of a surgeon’s career. Methods A search of the PubMed/MEDLINE database was performed for the phrase “aging surgeon.” Inclusion criteria were applied to include only those articles related to surgeon age or retirement. Additional reports were handpicked from citations to substantiate claims with statistical evidence. Results The aging surgeon contributes extensive experience to patient care, but is also prone to age-related changes in cognition, vision, movement, and stress as it relates to new techniques, surgical performance, and safety measures. Studies show that although surgeons are capable of operating well into their senior years, there is the potential of decline. Nevertheless, there are proven recommendations on how to prepare an older surgeon for retirement. Conclusions Age-related trends in cognitive and physical decline must be counterbalanced with wisdom gained through decades of surgical experience.
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Chien, William, Josenor De Jesus, Ben Taylor, Victor Dods, Leo Alekseyev, Diane Shoda, and Perry B. Shieh. "The Last Mile: DSCSA Solution Through Blockchain Technology: Drug Tracking, Tracing, and Verification at the Last Mile of the Pharmaceutical Supply Chain with BRUINchain." Blockchain in Healthcare Today, March 12, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30953/bhty.v3.134.
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Purpose: As part of the FDA’s DSCSA Pilot Project Program, UCLA and its solution partner, LedgerDomain (collectively referred to as the team hereafter), focused on building a complete, working blockchain-based system, BRUINchain, which would meet all the key objectives of the Drug Supply Chain Security Act (DSCSA) for a dispenser operating solely on commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) technology.
Methods: The BRUINchain system requirements include scanning the drug package for a correctly formatted 2D barcode, flagging expired product, verifying the product with the manufacturer, and quarantining suspect and illegitimate products at the last mile: pharmacist to patient, the most complex area of the drug supply chain.
The authors demonstrate a successful implementation where product-tracing notifications are sent automatically to key stakeholders, resulting in enhanced timeliness and reduction in paperwork burden. At the core of this effort was a blockchain-based solution to track and trace changes in custody of drug. As an immutable, time-stamped, near-real-time (50-millisecond latency), auditable record of transactions, BRUINchain makes it possible for supply chain communities to arrive at a single version of the truth. BRUINchain was tested with real data on real caregivers administering life-saving medications to real patients at one of the busiest pharmacies in the United States.
Results: In addition to communicating with the manufacturer directly for verification, BRUINchain also initiated suspect product notifications. During the study, a 100% success rate was observed across scanning, expiration detection, and counterfeit detection; and paperwork reduction from approximately 1 hour to less than a minute.
The authors demonstrate a successful implementation where product-tracing notifications are sent automatically to key stakeholders, resulting in enhanced timeliness and reduction in paperwork burden. At the core of this effort was a blockchain-based solution to track and trace changes in custody of drug. As an immutable, time-stamped, near-real-time (50-millisecond latency), auditable record of transactions, BRUINchain makes it possible for supply chain communities to arrive at a single version of the truth. BRUINchain was tested with real data on real caregivers administering life-saving medications to real patients at one of the busiest pharmacies in the United States.
Conclusions: By automatically interrogating the manufacturer’s relational database with our blockchain-based system, our results indicate a projected DSCSA compliance cost of 17 cents per unit, and potentially much more depending on regulatory interpretation and speed of verification. We project that this cost could be reduced with manufacturers’ adoption of a highly performant, fully automated end-to-end system based on digital ledger technology (DLT). In an examination of the interoperability of such a system, we elaborate on its capacity to enable verification in real time without a human in the loop, the key feature driving lower compliance cost. With 4.2 billion prescriptions being dispensed each year in the United States, DLT would not only reduce the projected per-unit cost to 13 cents per unit (saving $183 million in annual labor costs), but also serve as a major bulwark against bad or fraudulent transactions, reduce the need for safety stock, and enhance the detection and removal of potentially dangerous drugs from the drug supply chain to protect U.S. consumers.
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Osakwe, Zainab Toteh, and Yamnia I. Cortés. "Impact of COVID-19: A Text Mining Analysis of Twitter Data in Spanish Language." Hispanic Health Care International, July 29, 2021, 154041532110204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15404153211020453.
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Background: Latino communities in the United States and Latin America are disproportionately affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. We analyzed information shared on Twitter in Spanish language for insights into the public’s communication and information needs about the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: We performed a mixed-methods analysis using a text mining approach. We used SAS Text Miner, an algorithmic-driven statistical program to capture 10,000 tweets posted between June 3, 2020, and June 10, 2020. We used the following search terms to capture relevant Twitter messages in Spanish language: “coronavirus,” “covid-19,” “corona,” and the hash tags “#COVID19” and “#Coronavirus.” Key text topics were identified and categorized into themes using an emergent content analysis. Results: We identified 12 text topics and six themes: (1) prevention measures, (2) epidemiology/surveillance, (3) economic impact, (4) optimizing nursing workforce, (5) access to reliable information, and (6) call for a response from the local government. Top trending hashtags from our search included #COVID19 ( n = 7,098), #Coronavirus ( n = 6,394), and #SNTESALUD ( n = 2,598). Conclusions: Spanish-language Tweets related to the COVID-19 pandemic contained information from health departments and labor unions on the surveillance, prevention, and impact of COVID-19. Public health officials should consider increasing their use of Twitter to ensure a wide dissemination of messages about COVID-19 in Spanish outlets.
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Erickson, Elise N., Kathleen M. Krol, Allison M. Perkeybile, Jessica J. Connelly, and Leslie Myatt. "Oxytocin receptor single nucleotide polymorphism predicts atony-related postpartum hemorrhage." BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 22, no. 1 (November 29, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12884-022-05205-w.
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Abstract Background Postpartum hemorrhage remains a key contributor to overall maternal morbidity in the United States. Current clinical assessment methods used to predict postpartum hemorrhage are unable to prospectively identify about 40% of hemorrhage cases. Oxytocin is a first-line pharmaceutical for preventing and treating postpartum hemorrhage, which acts through oxytocin receptors on uterine myocytes. Existing research indicates that oxytocin function is subject to variation, influenced in part by differences in the DNA sequence within the oxytocin receptor gene. One variant, rs53576, has been shown to be associated with variable responses to exogenous oxytocin when administered during psychological research studies. How this variant may influence myometrial oxytocin response in the setting of third stage labor has not been studied. We tested for differences in the frequency of the oxytocin receptor genotype at rs53576 in relationship to the severity of blood loss among a sample of individuals who experienced vaginal birth. Methods A case–control prospective design was used to enroll 119 postpartum participants who underwent vaginal birth who were at least 37 weeks of gestation. Cases were defined by either a 1000 mL or greater blood loss or instances of heavier bleeding where parturients were given additional uterotonic treatment due to uterine atony. Controls were matched to cases on primiparity and labor induction status. Genotype was measured from a maternal blood sample obtained during the 2nd postpartum month from 95 participants. Statistical analysis included bivariate tests and generalized linear and Poisson regression modeling. Results The distribution of the genotype across the sample of 95 participants was 40% GG (n = 38), 50.5% AG (n = 48) and 9.5% AA (n = 9). Blood loss of 1000 mL or greater occurred at a rate of 7.9% for GG, 12.5% for AG and 55.6% for AA participants (p = 0.005). Multivariable models demonstrated A-carriers (versus GG) had 275.2 mL higher blood loss (95% CI 96.9–453.4, p < 0.01) controlling for parity, intrapartum oxytocin, self-reported ancestry, active management of third stage or genital tract lacerations. Furthermore, A-carrier individuals had a 79% higher risk for needing at least one second-line treatment (RR = 1.79, 95% CI = 1.08–2.95) controlling for covariates. Interaction models revealed that A-carriers who required no oxytocin for labor stimulation experienced 371.4 mL greater blood loss (95% CI 196.6–546.2 mL). Conclusions We provide evidence of a risk allele in the oxytocin receptor gene that may be involved in the development of postpartum hemorrhage among participants undergoing vaginal birth, particularly among those with fewer risk factors. The findings, if reproducible, could be useful in studying pharmacogenomic strategies for predicting, preventing or treating postpartum hemorrhage.
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Glusker, Ann. "National Differences in Perceived Benefit of Libraries May Be Due to Their Investments in Libraries, Library Supply, and Cultural Factors." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 11, no. 4 (December 15, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b8933q.
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A Review of:
Vakkari, P., Aabø, S., Audunson, R., Huysmans, F, Kwon, N., Oomes, M., & Sin, S. (2016). Patterns of perceived public library outcomes in five countries. Journal of Documentation, 72(2), 342–361. http://dx.doi:org/10.1108/JD-08-2015-0103
Objective – To compare citizens' perceptions of the benefits of libraries in five culturally diverse countries.
Design – Postal survey to a random stratified sample and web surveys (some with a sampling plan, some apparently not).
Setting – Surveys were administered in Finland (by post), Norway, the Netherlands, the United States of America, and South Korea (online).
Subjects – Selected or self-selected members of the general adult population in the specified countries who had used a public library within the past year.
Methods – Surveys were administered and data were collected in each of the five countries. A dependent variable representing perceived outcomes was calculated from 19 outcome measures (related to life experiences). Within this, 4 indices were calculated from subsets of the 19 measures, relating to work, education, everyday activities, and leisure activities. Five independent variables were used: frequency of library use, number of services used, gender, age, and education level. Respondent country was also entered into analyses. Descriptive statistics and analysis of covariance results were presented.
Main Results – It was noted that each country's sample was skewed in some way towards one or more of the variables of gender, age, and education, and some statistical corrections were employed. While patterns within countries are similar, library users from Finland, the United States of America, and South Korea reported higher levels of benefits overall. "Fun in reading" and "self-education" were the two outcomes with the highest scores by respondents. Higher numbers of visits and greater use of services may account for the higher perceived benefits in the three countries reporting them. In fact, these two factors appear to explain a substantial portion of the variance in perceptions of benefits between countries, meaning that between-country variation in library resources and supply plays a role in perception of benefit. There were varied rather than linear patterns of benefit reporting along age and education continua, with those at the lowest education levels deriving the most perceived benefits in all spheres. By gender, women derived fewer perceived benefits in the work sphere than men.
Conclusions – There is variation across countries in the level of public library benefits reported, as well as variation across individual measures, creating different profiles of response by country. Even when respondent demographic characteristics and library usage are controlled for, country differences remain. These may be explained by the differences in investment in – and hence supply of – libraries by country, types of investment (e.g., according to the authors, Finland invests in services, Norway in collections, and the USA in staffing), and cultural factors such as the propensity of USA respondents to have a more extreme response style. Future research may profitably concentrate on policy contexts of libraries in each country. In the nineteenth century libraries provided social welfare services and in the twentieth they provided human rights through equitable access to information, so research should focus, by country, on what libraries will provide in the twenty-first century. Future studies might also address how differences in demographic patterns among respondents play out in benefit perceptions between countries.
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Desai, R., A. Mandal, MM Peethala, AR Raju, C. Valdez-Aquino, B. Fatima, J. Raina, V. Itare, V. Mishra, and A. Jain. "Frequency, risk and predictors of type 2 myocardial infarction hospitalizations in young obese patients: A nationwide population-based analysis in the United States." European Journal of Preventive Cardiology 29, Supplement_1 (May 1, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurjpc/zwac056.190.
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Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Background Obesity in the young population is emerging as a challenging health concern. Though there is a rising prevalence of obesity and its potential association with demand ischemia-related myocardial infarction, data remains non-existent to evaluate the association of obesity or higher body mass index (BMI) with type 2 myocardial infarction (T2MI). We aim to identify the frequency, risk and predictors of T2MI in young hospitalized obese patients compared to non-obese patients in this population-based study. Methods We used National Inpatient Sample (2018, ICD-10 codes) to identify T2MI in young (18-44 years) hospitalized patients. Obesity was identified from comorbidities or using diagnostic codes for BMI>30 kg/m2. We performed multivariable regression analysis for the primary outcome of odds of T2MI in young obese patients compared to non-obese patients. The frequency of T2MI was compared between obese vs non-obese patients in overall and subgroup populations. Sociodemographic characteristics and comorbidities in T2MI-obese vs. T2MI-non-obese cohorts were also compared. A p<0.05 was considered a threshold for statistical significance. Results Out of 1,268,255 young hospitalized patients with obesity, 555 had T2MI. T2MI was significantly higher in young obese than non-obese (44 T2MI/100000 hospitalizations in young obese patients vs. 17 T2MI/100000 hospitalizations in young non-obese patients, overall 0.04% in obese vs. 0.02% in non-obese, p<0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed higher odds of T2MI in obese than nonobese when adjusted for demographics (aOR 2.65, 95% CI:2.42-2.90, p<0.001) and social demographics with comorbidities (aOR 1.60, 95% CI:1.24-2.07, p<0.001). In young obese, higher risk was found with advancing age (OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.03-1.11, p=0.001), in males than females (aOR 2.70, p<0.001), and blacks (aOR 2.22, p=0.011) and Native Americans (OR 3.91, 95% CI: 1.13-13.49, p=0.011) vs whites. Comorbidities including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR 1.86), chronic kidney disease (CKD, OR 2.36), rheumatoid arthritis/collagen vascular disease (RA/CVD, OR 3.04) Iin young obese patients independently increased the risk of T2MI hospitalizations [Table 1]. The T2MI-obese cohort had a significantly higher rate of hyperlipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, COPD, and prior history of MI and TIA/stroke compared to the T2MI-nonobese cohort [Table 2]. Conclusion This nationwide analysis revealed a significantly higher risk of T2MI in young obese patients compared to nonobese after excluding patients with concomitant diagnoses of T1MI. Males, blacks compared to females and whites, and comorbidities including COPD, CKD and RA/CVD predicted a higher risk of T2MI in young obese patients. Future studies are warranted to evaluate the role of higher body mass index in myocardial oxygen demand-supply mismatch and short-term/long-term risk and outcomes of T2MI.
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Ahsan, Syed A., Seyed Hamed Hosseini Dehkordi, Farid Gholitabar, Shawn Lee, Alejandro Lemor, Navid Gholitabar, and Eyal Herzog. "Abstract 20946: Decreasing Mortality and Hospital Costs: Trends in Congestive Heart Failure Exacerbation Admissions From 2004 to 2014." Circulation 136, suppl_1 (November 14, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circ.136.suppl_1.20946.
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Introduction: Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) exacerbations are associated with high mortality rates and exact significant costs on the health care system. New guidelines, innovations in technology and novel pharmacological agents for treatment of patients admitted with CHF have been developed in the last decade. While they have been shown to improve outcomes independently, data is limited on the cumulative effects of these interventions. We investigated the impacts of these therapeutic modalities over 10 years, and hypothesized improved outcomes of in-hospital admission for CHF exacerbation. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study using the 2004-2014 National Inpatient Sample, the largest publicly available inpatient database in the United States. We included women and men >18 years of age admitted between 2004 and 2014 with a primary diagnosis of CHF (using ICD-9 CM codes). The primary outcome was all-cause in-hospital mortality and the secondary outcomes were mean total hospital cost and mean length of stay (LOS). STATA 13.0 was used for data analysis; costs were adjusted for inflation using the Bureau of Labor Statistics calculator. Results: 2,254,286 patients were included in this study. The mean age was 72.6 years, and 1,142,923 patients were female (50.7%). The inpatient mortality rate was 3.9% in 2004 and decreased with statistical significance to 2.9% in 2014 (p-trend <0.001) [Figure 1]. Mean hospital cost adjusted for inflation was $11605 in 2004 and decreased to $11,272 in 2014 [Figure 2]. Mean LOS decreased from 5.4 days in 2004 to 5.2 days in 2014. Conclusions: Over the course of 10 years, advances in care for patients with CHF have led to improvements in inpatient mortality rates, with marginally decreased hospital costs when inflation is taken into account. This likely reflects advances in comprehensive cardiovascular care, increasing use of evidence based guidelines, and introduction of novel medications and new therapeutic modalities.