Academic literature on the topic 'Labor supply – United States – Statistical methods'

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Journal articles on the topic "Labor supply – United States – Statistical methods"

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Li, An, and Jeffrey J. Reimer. "An Analysis of Pesticide Handler Wages in the United States." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 53, no. 3 (August 2021): 375–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aae.2021.16.

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AbstractPesticide handling is a critical component of many food supply chains yet labor markets for pesticide handlers are little studied. This study uses data from the U.S. national survey to show that relative to other farmworkers, pesticide handlers get paid 15% more. To understand this premium, matching techniques are used to identify workers who are observationally equivalent in every way except pesticide handling. Using these methods, approximately half of the wage premium can be related back to observable characteristics, including crop type, geographic location, legal work authorization, education, experience, and other personal characteristics.
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Hanson, Gordon H. "Illegal Migration from Mexico to the United States." Journal of Economic Literature 44, no. 4 (November 1, 2006): 869–924. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jel.44.4.869.

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In this paper, I selectively review recent literature on illegal migration from Mexico to the United States. I begin by discussing methods for estimating stocks and flows of illegal migrants. While there is uncertainty about the size of the unauthorized population, new data sources make it possible to examine the composition of legal and illegal populations and the time-series covariates of illegal labor flows. I then consider the supply of and demand for illegal migrants. Wage differentials between the United States and Mexico are hardly a new phenomenon, yet illegal migration from Mexico did not reach high levels until recently. An increase in the relative size of Mexico's working-age population, greater volatility in U.S.–Mexico relative wages, and changes in U.S. immigration policies are all candidate explanations for increasing labor flows from Mexico. Finally, I consider policies that regulate the cross-border flow of illegal migrants. While U.S. laws mandate that authorities prevent illegal entry and punish firms that hire unauthorized immigrants, these laws are imperfectly enforced. Lax enforcement may reflect political pressure by employers and other interests that favor open borders.
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Misztal, Piotr. "LIQUIDITY TRAP IN THE UNITED STATES, THE EURO AREA AND JAPAN." Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing, no. 24(73) (December 14, 2020): 114–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/pefim.2020.24.73.32.

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When a country falls into a liquidity trap it means that its central bank lacks an effective expansionary monetary policy aimed at increasing consumption and investment demand. Market participants (households and enterprises), instead of increasing demand, accumulate a growing money supply in the form of cash. Keynes argued that for an economy in a liquidity trap, the only way to increase demand in the country and to stimulate the economy is to conduct expansionary fiscal policy by increasing government spending or reducing taxes. The aim of the research is to verify the empirical hypothesis of the liquidity trap in three of the largest economies in the world, formerly known as the Global Triad (i.e. the USA, the euro zone and Japan), after the 2008 financial crisis. Research methods based on literature studies in macroeconomics and finance, as well as statistical methods, were used in the study. All statistical data came from the statistical office of the European Union – EUROSTAT, and from the statistical database of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development - UNCTADstat.
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Kolben, Kevin. "A Supply Chain Approach to Trade and Labor Provisions." Politics and Governance 5, no. 4 (December 14, 2017): 60–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/pag.v5i4.1088.

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As labor provisions in trade agreements have become increasingly ubiquitous, there remain questions about whether or not these provisions have been effective in improving working conditions in trading partner countries. Through an analysis of sample labor provisions in United States and European Union free trade agreements, this paper shows that both approaches, albeit using different methods, aim primarily to improve <em>de jure</em> labor law and <em>de facto</em> enforcement of that law by government regulatory institutions. This paper argues that instead, labor provisions ought to be grounded in a supply chain approach. A supply chain approach shifts the focus from impacting <em>de jure</em> and <em>de facto</em> labor law as administered by the state though sanctions or dialogue, and towards context specific, experimental, and coordinated private and public regulatory interventions that operate in key export industries that are implicated in trading partners’ supply chains. It does so in part by recognizing the potential regulatory power of consumer citizenship.
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Hyde, Allen, and Michael Wallace. "Immigration and Labor Market Outcomes in U.S. Metropolitan Areas." Sociological Perspectives 63, no. 4 (December 27, 2019): 630–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0731121419892614.

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Two broad orientations have motivated scholarship on the relationship between immigration and labor market outcomes in the United States. The first, the supply-side perspective, often focuses on how immigration affects a variety of outcomes such as unemployment, casualization, and earnings inequality. The second, the demand-side perspective, generally contends that these labor market outcomes result mainly from economic restructuring that subsequently attracts immigrants to labor markets. Previous studies have often reached divergent conclusions due to differing assumptions about the direction of causality in these relationships. In this paper, we use three-stage least squares regression, a technique that allows for nonrecursive relationships, to adjudicate the direction of causality between immigration and labor market outcomes. Using 2010 data for 366 U.S. metropolitan statistical areas, we find support for the demand-side perspective, or that economic restructuring results in higher unemployment, casualization, and earnings inequality, which subsequently increases levels of immigration in metropolitan labor markets.
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Peterson, Donald L. "Harvest Mechanization for Deciduous Tree Fruits and Brambles." HortTechnology 2, no. 1 (January 1992): 85–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.2.1.85.

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Hand-harvesting fruit crops is labor-intensive, and the supply of dependable, skilled labor is a concern of the fruit industry. Only a small portion of all fruit crops is harvested mechanically, primarily for processing. Public funding of mechanical harvesting research on fruit crops has reached a low level. However, there is renewed interest in mechanical harvesting research due to the potential scarcity of hand-harvest labor and new federal laws that may deplete further the labor pool. Much of the research expertise in mechanical harvesting of fruit crops has been lost, since most projects have been discontinued. Considerable lead time will be required to develop facilities, personnel, and projects if the decision is made to initiate publicly funded harvest mechanization research. More time will be required before commercially acceptable techniques and methods will be available. A majority of the research described in this paper was conducted outside the United States. The United States will not remain competitive in the world market for fruit crops with the present lack of mechanical harvesting research.
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Steere, Lee, Cheryl Ficara, Michael Davis, and Nancy Moureau. "Reaching One Peripheral Intravenous Catheter (PIVC) Per Patient Visit With Lean Multimodal Strategy: the PIV5Rights™ Bundle." Journal of the Association for Vascular Access 24, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 31–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2309/j.java.2019.003.004.

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Highlights Lean leadership for process improvement. Prospective comparator multimodal design study. Vascular access specialty team (VAST group 2) versus generalist nursing model (group 1). First stick success of 96%. Statistically significant improvement in dwell time with VAST versus generalist nursing model (89% versus 15% lasting until end of therapy). Projected 2.9 million in savings annually. Peripheral intravenous catheter team centralized proposal to Chief Nursing Officer (CNO) with acceptance based on outcomes. Reduction in cost per bed per year using a vascular access specialty team of $3376. Abstract Background: Peripheral intravenous catheter (PIVC) sales per year exceed that of the number of people in the United States (US), 350 million. With only 37 million US hospital patient admissions per year, these data indicate an average usage of 10 PIVCs per patient admission, suggesting a very high failure, very low success rate, and excess cost associated with PIVC insertions. Patients often complain of multiple catheter insertion attempts, and published data reveal up to 53% of PIVCs fail before therapy ends. Methods: Hartford Hospital (Hartford, CT) conducted a prospective comparator single-center clinical superiority design study to determine the impact of bundled practices including device insertions using vascular access specialty team (VAST) intravenous trained nurses versus current practice. The study used a 5 step multimodal best practice intervention strategy designated as the PIV5Rights Bundle with an aim to determine if the intervention outcomes and dwell time improved over current PIVC practices. The study group applied a Lean health care standard work process with a Six Sigma design, define, measure, analyze, improve, control approach that included VAST PIVC dwell time, complications, and economic impact compared with current state general nursing practice. Results: Outcomes of the PIV5Rights Bundle in Group 2 (experimental) using a trained vascular access nursing team for insertion and management achieved a statistically significant result of 89% of catheters achieving end of therapy with a cost saving per bed of $3376 ($1405 versus $4781) per year as compared to standard practice (Group 1; control). Results of Group 1 reflected PIVC dwell time to end of treatment in only 15% of catheters. Prestudy catheter consumption analysis was 4.4 catheters per patient hospital admissions, reflecting waste within labor and supply costs for PIVC insertion and usage. Peripheral intravenous catheter retrospective audits for current practice demonstrated more than 50% catheters failed within the first 24 hours. This application of Lean methodology by Hartford Hospital with infusion therapy resulted in a projected $2.9 million annual savings of $3376 per bed per year for house-wide application. Conclusions: Implementation of the PIV5Rights™ Bundle with a dedicated VAST proved to be a successful model, both from a patient and financial perspective. The journey to nursing excellence included identification of core measures and best practice evidence for PIVC placements as a procedure that affects nearly every patient entering a hospital. By centralizing ownership of vascular access with the team for insertion, management, and securement, the PIV Five Rights is the right approach to achieve the right results in transformation of hospital infusion therapy practices. Bundled approaches have often been used for central catheter infection reduction. This is the first study the authors have identified focusing on 1 PIVC per patient visit as a result of an evidence-based bundle and VAST.
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Yang, Yutong. "Economic Power Comparison between United States and China in the Context of Covid-19 Pandemic: Based on Statistical Methods." E3S Web of Conferences 233 (2021): 01163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123301163.

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Generally speaking, economic crises are caused by insufficient demand, while the economic crisis that may be caused by the Covid-19 epidemic started with insufficient supply. In the case of insufficient demand, countries often use a series of monetary policies to release liquidity, such as interest rate cuts, RRR cuts. However, the interest rate cut this time may not work well. This is because the interest rate cut can increase the liquidity of the market.While controlling the epidemic, we should promptly resume work and production, and produce a variety of commodities that meet consumer demand. During this period of time, the main strategy is not monetary policy. Instead, appropriate fiscal policies should be used to reduce the burden on enterprises so that they can survive this difficult time without dying before they start their careers. Only companies that can survive the epidemic are good companies that have combat effectiveness and can continue to conquer the market after the epidemic is over.Therefore, in the face of the Covid-19 epidemic, the competition between China and the United States should not be a zero-sum game because the United States is the final consumer of a large number of products produced by China, and the United States is still the world’s leader. If the US economy declines, it will definitely affect global economic development. When necessary, we also need to support the production of high-end consumer products in the United States and allocate a portion of the production capacity for them. Only when the two sides have healthy competition can the industrial chain of both sides be upgraded together.
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Blanchflower, David G., and Andrew J. Oswald. "Trends in Extreme Distress in the United States, 1993–2019." American Journal of Public Health 110, no. 10 (October 2020): 1538–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2020.305811.

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Objectives. To investigate changes from 1993 to 2019 in the percentage of US citizens suffering extreme distress. Methods. Using data on 8.1 million randomly sampled US citizens, we created a new proxy measure for exceptional distress (the percentage who reported major mental and emotional problems in all 30 of the last 30 days). We examined time trends for different groups and predictors of distress. Results. The proportion of the US population in extreme distress rose from 3.6% in 1993 to 6.4% in 2019. Among low-education midlife White persons, the percentage more than doubled, from 4.8% to 11.5%. Regression analysis revealed that (1) at the personal level, the strongest statistical predictor of extreme distress was “I am unable to work,” and (2) at the state level, a decline in the share of manufacturing jobs was a predictor of greater distress. Conclusions. Increasing numbers of US citizens report extreme levels of mental distress. This links to poor labor-market prospects. Inequality of distress has also widened. Public Health Implications. Policymakers need to recognize the crisis of an ever-growing group of US citizens in extreme distress.
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Gorodnova, N. V., and N. A. Samarskaya. "FEATURES OF THE LABOR LAW IMPLEMENTATION IN RUSSIA, CHINA AND THE UNITED STATES IN THE CONTEXT OF THE PANDEMIC." SOCIAL & LABOR RESEARCHES 3, no. 44 (2021): 130–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.34022/2658-3712-2021-44-3-130-139.

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The article summarizes the world and domestic practice of the formation and implementation of the regulatory framework for organizing remote work in the context of the spread of coronavirus disease. The aim of the study is to scientifically substantiate the problem of the impact of the negative consequences of the pandemic on the rights of workers in the field of labor relations, a comparative analysis of the labor legislation of the United States and China and the development on its basis of recommendations for employers to curb the spread of coronavirus disease in the workplace, to protect and preserve the health of employees. The subject of the study is to assess the realization of the right to work of an employee working safely or remotely. The authors apply the methods of statistical research, analysis of scientific literature and open sources. The conclusion is made about the necessity and prospects of cooperation between the Russian Federation and economically developed countries in the near future on the basis of the experience gained by the world community in combating the COVID-19 pandemic. The results of the study will be useful to specialists involved in organizing labor in a pandemic.
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Books on the topic "Labor supply – United States – Statistical methods"

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C, Haltiwanger John, Manser Marilyn, Topel Robert H, and Conference on Research in Income and Wealth., eds. Labor statistics measurement issues. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998.

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David, Schulker, ed. Measuring underemployment among military spouses. Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 2010.

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Office, General Accounting. Bureau of Labor Statistics employment projections: Detailed analysis of selected occupations and industries : report to the Honorable Berkley Bedell, United States House of Representatives. [Washington, D.C.]: The Office, 1985.

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United States. Bureau of Labor Statistics. BLS measures of compensation. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, 1986.

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Office, General Accounting. Decennial census: Methods for collecting and reporting Hispanic subgroup data need refinement : report to Congressional Requesters. [Washington, D.C.]: GAO, 2003.

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Office, General Accounting. Decennial census: Methods for collecting and reporting data on the homeless and others without conventional housing need refinement : report to congressional requesters. [Washington, D.C.]: The Office, 2003.

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Office, General Accounting. Consumer Price Index: More frequent updating of market basket expenditure weights is needed : report to the Ranking Minority Member, Committee on Banking and Financial Services, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C. (P.O. Box 37050, Washington, D.C. 20013): The Office, 1997.

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Office, General Accounting. Consumer Price Index: Update of Boskin Commission's estimate of bias : report to the Ranking Minority Member, Committee on Finance, U.S. Senate. Washington, D.C. (P.O. Box 37050, Washington, D.C. 20013): The Office, 2000.

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Office, General Accounting. Consumer Price Index: Impact of commodity analysts' decisionmaking needs to be assessed. Washington, D.C. (P.O. Box 37050, Washington 20013): The Office, 1999.

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Office, General Accounting. Consumer Price Index: Cost-of-living concepts and the housing and medical care components : report to the Ranking Minority Member, Committee on Banking and Financial Services, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C: The Office ; Gaithersburg, MD (P.O. Box 6015, Gaithersburg 20884-6015), 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Labor supply – United States – Statistical methods"

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Iyengar, Sunil. "Aligning Arts Research with Practitioner Needs." In The Oxford Handbook of Arts and Cultural Management, C46.S1—C46.S6. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197621615.013.46.

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Abstract For much of the past half century, researchers at the National Endowment for the Arts (NEA) have marshaled statistics about arts “supply and demand” in the United States—one thinks immediately of surveys tracking the public’s arts participation habits, or reports about the artist labor force or arts organizations and industries. A separate focus of NEA research has been to measure the “value and impact” of the arts for individuals and communities. Such studies often use experimental or quasi-experimental methods to understand the relationships between the arts and various outcomes of interest, such as in health, education, or community development. The COVID-19 pandemic’s toll on arts organizations and arts workers has revealed some limitations to this twofold approach. The United States currently lacks a national arts surveillance and reporting system, one with sufficient data streams (approximating real time) that reliably can inform the sector about the health and vitality of its component parts, especially during economic downturns. Also lacking is a national clearinghouse of evidence-based practices that can appeal directly to arts managers. Although the NEA is not in a position to satisfy both needs entirely, the agency’s development of a new strategic plan and research agenda has surfaced themes that will contribute to a far more practitioner-oriented set of research investments than the NEA has made in previous years.
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