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1
Lowery, Christina. "Protection or Equality? : A Feminist Analysis of Protective Labor Legislation in UAW v. Johnson Controls, Inc." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1998. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc279082/.
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This study provides a feminist analysis of protective labor legislation in the Supreme Court case of UAW v. Johnson Controls, Inc. History of protection rhetoric and precedented cases leading up to UAW are provided. Using a feminist analysis, this study argues that the victory for women's labor rights in UAW is short lived, and the cycle of protection rhetoric continues with new pro-business agendas replacing traditional justifications for "protecting" women in the work place. The implications of this and other findings are discussed.
2
Райко, Валентина Федорівна, and Євгеній Олександрович Семенов. "Про скасований перелік заборонених професій для жінок в Україні." Thesis, НТУ "ХПІ", 2018. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/36252.
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Розглянуто наслідки скасування в 2018 році наказу МОЗ України № 256 "Про затвердження Переліку важких робіт та робіт із шкідливими і небезпечними умовами праці, на яких забороняється застосування праці жінок".The consequences of the abolition in 2018 of the Order of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine No. 256 "On approval of the List of heavy work and work on hazardous and hazardous working conditions which prohibit the use of women's labor" was considered.
3
Case, Bridgette Dawn. "The Women's Protective Union: union women activists in a union town, 1890-1929." Thesis, Montana State University, 2004. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2004/case/CaseB1204.pdf.
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Topchy, V. V. "Criminal protection of labour relations." Thesis, Національний авіаційний університет, 2020. http://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/41707.
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The criminal legal protection of human labour rights from socially dangerous attacks is a necessary component of the mechanism for their implementation and State protection, and must be ensured through a unified and
harmonized system of criminal law. The criminalization of certain acts often arises from the impact of the adoption of relevant international legal instruments in a particular area.The criminal legal protection of human labour rights from socially dangerous attacks is a necessary component of the mechanism for their implementation and State protection, and must be ensured through a unified and harmonized system of criminal law. The criminalization of certain acts often arises from the impact of the adoption of relevant international legal instruments in a particular area.
5
Gunes, Fatime. "Woman&." Phd thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12607142/index.pdf.
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This study examines critically how women in poverty use their labor in the production and reproduction processes against poverty and the effects of these processes on women becoming poor referring to women’
s knowledge. The material foundation of women&
#8217
s poverty is conceptualized as a two-way devaluation of women&
#8217
s labor used in social reproduction. Patriarchal, cultural and ideological structures and relationships are studied as other determinants of women&
#8217
s poverty. In this framework, women&
#8217
s poverty studied based on a field research conducted on 120 women in EskiSehir province, consisting of regular and irregular workers, housewives, married and single mothers. Household is the basic unit of analysis of women&
#8217
s poverty. The scope that women&
#8217
s poverty experiences are questioned are the following: women&
#8217
s labor in production process, women&
#8217
s domestic labor, women participating in social life, violence against women, their perception of poverty and their place in power relations.
6
Kelly, Nancy. "Decision making in child protection practice." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2000. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/4845/.
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This research explores the decision making processes of individuals and groups engaged in child protection practice within social services departments in the UK. The emphasis of the research was to consider how the application of psychological theories and concepts might allow a descriptive and interpretative evaluation of decision processes in child protection practice. The research sought to elaborate upon much of previous social work literature in that it focused upon the processes of decision making rather than the outcomes for participants. Similarly it sought to elaborate upon literature in decision theory in that it focused upon real world, ongoing and naturalistic decision situations. The theoretical framework used in the research was an integrated model of decision making under conditions of risk proposed by Whyte (1989,1991). This model outlines circumstances under which individuals and groups may take decisions in the directions of risk or caution. The methodological approach was grounded in the principles of qualitative research. Drawing upon Forster (1994) and Yin (1989) documentary analysis was applied to case studies. The research considered documents in relation to two categories of child protection cases. Initially those where children who were already known to child protection practitioners had died, namely, child death inquiry reports. Ongoing cases within a local authority child protection department, where the outcomes and decision making were considered to be positive, were then analysed. The interpretation from the first stage of the research suggested that all the concepts outlined in Whyte's model could have explanatory value and that the deaths of children could be a consequence of the ways in which decisions are framed and which leave children in situations of risk. The second stage involved the analysis of documents in relation to eight ongoing cases within a local authority. The number of group meetings held in the eight cases was 38 and in 71% of these the operation of the certainty effect in the direction of risk was evident. In the remaining 39% there was evidence that the certainty effect operated in the direction of caution. Within the documents there was some evidence of group polarisation and groupthink. Resources were committed and escalated consistently in order to ensure the effectiveness of initial plans of action despite evidence that these were unsuccessful in terms of the overall well being of the children. The decisions were shown to be bounded by the 'objective' principles of the Children Act 1989 and Working Together (1991). However themes that emerged from the analysis of the cases suggest that there is a 'subjective' influence on decision processes. Evident within the analysis was a shared fundamental belief in keeping children with their mothers. Both these objective and subjective influences suggest that almost inevitably decision making in child protection practice will be driven in directions that result in courses of action that involve potential and actual risks for children. The findings emphasise how an explicit recognition of the multifaceted nature of decision making can assist in more reflective practice. The ways in which national and local policy impacts upon decision processes, at the level of the individual and groups, need to be monitored in order that the needs of children in situations that involve risk remain paramount.
7
Louw, Danielle. "Investigating South Africa's protection of refugee womxn: Refugee womxn's access to housing, inclusion into the labour market and protection from gender-based violence." Master's thesis, Faculty of Law, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32774.
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This paper investigates the integration experience of refugee womxn in South Africa. It focuses on the areas of access to housing, employment and protection from gender-based violence. Through a human rights approach, influenced by intersectional feminist theory, it analyses the international normative and South African domestic framework and discusses its gaps and challenges. Thereafter, an overview of the experience of refugee womxn's access to housing, employment and protection from gender-based violence internationally and in South Africa is presented. Lastly, recommendations are made to the South African state suggesting reform in law, policy and practice.
8
Tse, Sau-kuen. "Labour policy and the protection of the legal entitlements of private sector employees." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1992. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13236416.
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Gillespie, Neil. "The legal protection of temporary employees." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1019793.
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This paper is divided into two distinct sections. The first being an analysis of the legal protection of temporary employees as things currently stand. It deals with the various labour laws that currently regulate temporary employment as well as the temporary employment contract and the common-law. The second section summarises and analyses the provisions of the Labour Relations Amendment Bill and the Basic Conditions of Employment Bill as they apply to fixed-term employees. Temporary employees are protected by the general protection extended to all employees in terms of section 23(1) of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996, guaranteeing all employees the “right to fair labour practice”. The Labour Relations Act has as one of its main objectives to give effect to and regulate the fundamental rights contained in the Constitution. Thus the Labour Relations Act must not only give effect to constitutional rights but it must also ensure that it in no way unreasonably or unjustly denies or limits constitutional rights. Temporary employees have a number of labour laws protecting their interests. Where the provisions of the Basic Conditions of Employment Act, a Bargaining Council Agreement or a Sectoral Determination do not apply the employee will rely on the terms of the fixed-term employment contract and thereafter the common law for protection. The only protection offered to temporary employees contained in the Labour Relations Act is in section 186(1)(b), where a dismissal is defined to include the non-renewal of temporary contracts of employment where there is a reasonable expectation of renewal on the same or similar terms. This provision has proved to be highly controversial in that it does not expressly cater for temporary employees who harbour reasonable expectations of indefinite employment. An analysis is made of the most important cases relating to section 186(1)(b). The second section unpacks and critically analyses the Labour Relations Amendment Bill and the Basic Conditions of Employment Bill which have been long in the offing and when they are finally enacted, will bring with them sweeping changes for atypical employment . The amendments will drastically change the way employers make use of fixed-term employees as well as the way in which Temporary Employment Services may conduct business if they are in fact able to keep working at all. There is very little literature of substance written about the Labour Relations Amendment Bill as it applies to atypical employment. The fact that the proposed amendments have changed so many times over such a long period of time might have deterred many writers from investing time and effort in attempts to analyse and summarise the amendments. Articles posted on the internet are in the main short and have very little content. No books were found with any discussion that pertains to the amendments. The amendments divide employees involved in atypical employment into two different categories. These categories consist of employees earning above the threshold in terms of section 6(3) of the Basic Conditions of Employment Act and those earning below this threshold. All fixed-term employees may rely on the provisions of section 186 of the Labour Relations Act. Employees earning below the threshold are considered to be the most vulnerable and have been afforded additional protections in terms of sections 198(A), (B) and (C). Issues surrounding Temporary Employment Services and fixed-term employees have been very divisive and have been the topics of heated debate at all levels of Industrial Relations for a long time. Discussions regarding the use of the services of Temporary Employment Services can be highly emotive, with Temporary Employment Services being accused of committing wideThis paper is divided into two distinct sections. The first being an analysis of the legal protection of temporary employees as things currently stand. It deals with the various labour laws that currently regulate temporary employment as well as the temporary employment contract and the common-law. The second section summarises and analyses the provisions of the Labour Relations Amendment Bill and the Basic Conditions of Employment Bill as they apply to fixed-term employees. Temporary employees are protected by the general protection extended to all employees in terms of section 23(1) of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996, guaranteeing all employees the “right to fair labour practice”. The Labour Relations Act has as one of its main objectives to give effect to and regulate the fundamental rights contained in the Constitution. Thus the Labour Relations Act must not only give effect to constitutional rights but it must also ensure that it in no way unreasonably or unjustly denies or limits constitutional rights. Temporary employees have a number of labour laws protecting their interests. Where the provisions of the Basic Conditions of Employment Act, a Bargaining Council Agreement or a Sectoral Determination do not apply the employee will rely on the terms of the fixed-term employment contract and thereafter the common law for protection. The only protection offered to temporary employees contained in the Labour Relations Act is in section 186(1)(b), where a dismissal is defined to include the non-renewal of temporary contracts of employment where there is a reasonable expectation of renewal on the same or similar terms. This provision has proved to be highly controversial in that it does not expressly cater for temporary employees who harbour reasonable expectations of indefinite employment. An analysis is made of the most important cases relating to section 186(1)(b). The second section unpacks and critically analyses the Labour Relations Amendment Bill and the Basic Conditions of Employment Bill which have been long in the offing and when they are finally enacted, will bring with them sweeping changes for atypical employment . The amendments will drastically change the way employers make use of fixed-term employees as well as the way in which Temporary Employment Services may conduct business if they are in fact able to keep working at all. There is very little literature of substance written about the Labour Relations Amendment Bill as it applies to atypical employment. The fact that the proposed amendments have changed so many times over such a long period of time might have deterred many writers from investing time and effort in attempts to analyse and summarise the amendments. Articles posted on the internet are in the main short and have very little content. No books were found with any discussion that pertains to the amendments. The amendments divide employees involved in atypical employment into two different categories. These categories consist of employees earning above the threshold in terms of section 6(3) of the Basic Conditions of Employment Act and those earning below this threshold. All fixed-term employees may rely on the provisions of section 186 of the Labour Relations Act. Employees earning below the threshold are considered to be the most vulnerable and have been afforded additional protections in terms of sections 198(A), (B) and (C).
10
Tse, Sau-kuen, and 謝秀娟. "Labour policy and the protection of the legal entitlements of private sector employees." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1992. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31964163.
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11
Walsh, Kieran. "Risk and reflexivity in the development of Irish child protection law and policy, 1919-2017." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/51649/.
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This thesis examines the development of the Irish child protection system up until the present day. It argues that child protection law and policy has continually reconstructed children, and the risks that they face. In particular, it posits that there has been a radical revision of social and legal thinking about children owing to the reflexive nature of late modernity. In essence, the thesis argues that child protection work has come to be characterised by a new discursive practice. This new approach draws on high levels of legal regulation and recognition that such work takes place in a risk society. Historical literature on the conceptualisation of children within child protection has tended to adopt a binary approach, whereby children are seen as either a threat or as a victim. Additionally, the last twenty years have seen occasional attempts to analyse Irish social policy in the context of the transition from simple to late modernity. However, these studies have not considered the role played by law in significant detail, as most have been considered from a historical or sociological perspective. The result of this is that one of the main factors influencing how children lived, and the risks they faced, has been ignored in writing about childhood. Additionally, child law has also only recently developed as an area of study in its own right within legal research. This thesis therefore aims to contribute to the existing literature by assessing the historical development of legal rules governing child protection practice in light of sociological theory. Drawing on both legal and sociological literature, the thesis seeks to argue the binary approach to childhood rooted the victim/threat duality is incomplete, and that a greater role need to be afforded to the conceptualisation of children as agents. I argue that this binary should be replaced by a more complex understanding of how children were thought about by law and by social policy under the conditions of simple modernity. I argue that children were first regarded as objects of discipline, subjected to rigid systems of control. Latterly, they were regarded as objects of concern, whereby they were recognised as having interests that required protection, but were simultaneously denied any level of agency. The final stage in the transformation of social and legal thinking about children in Ireland was the transition of children from object to subject. With the movement from simple to late modernity came an outbreak of child protection scandals, focused on the lack of intervention by the social services in abusive families, and on abuse in community organisations, most especially by the Roman Catholic Church. These scandals occurred against a backdrop of a radical realignment of social relations whereby traditional sites of institutional power were challenged and traditional social and familial hierarchies problematized. This thesis claims that child protection scandals were an intrinsic part of these social and cultural changes, which created the conditions whereby the socio-political construction of children could be revisited. Children now came to be recognised as rights-bearing subjects of the law, not only morally deserving or worthy, but capable of exercising agency in a meaningful sense. As children increasingly came to be recognised as having interests (and later on as having rights) the concerns of child protection law changed to focus more on the risks faced by children. Under conditions of simple modernity, children were recognised as being vulnerable to dangers, but these were frequently deemed to be “moral dangers” leading to the disciplining of children themselves and their families, and to attempts to eliminate risk through severe punishment. As reflexivity took hold, however, the understanding of these risks changed, with traditionally respected authority figures now regarded as the prime sources of risk. Risk has gradually, therefore, come to play a dominant role in legislation affecting children, and the attempted elimination of risk has yielded to the management and assessment of risk as a primary aim of child protection law and social work. The thesis draws on a wide range of primary and secondary sources including legislation, case law and official reports and media reports of child protection inquiries. It also utilises insights developed through an extensive examination of parliamentary debates on child protection matters. These materials are assessed through the lens of critical discourse analysis in order to explore in an original fashion the relationship between law, social policy and social theory as they effect child protection. In doing so, it makes a contribution to both social policy and legal literature about children. While the thesis utilises Irish sources, its claims about the reconstruction of children and child protection could be applied in other societies that have undergone the transition to reflexive modernity.
12
Boodhoo, Amanda. "An examination of collaborative working in child protection." Thesis, University of Greenwich, 2010. http://gala.gre.ac.uk/7134/.
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Background Collaborative working between health and social care professionals in child protection work has been generally promoted in the western world as best practice (Laming 2009, HM Govt 2010). Problems in achieving effective collaborative working have beset child protection systems and have been a constant feature in a number of serious case reviews (Brandon et al 2010). Collaboration between professionals of different disciplines is complex and involves interpersonal, interprofessional and interorganisational dimensions. Aim The aim of this research project was to investigate the extent to which health and social services professionals practising within two health and local authorities perceived that a collaborative approach was adopted between the two agencies when working both with families where there were children in need of services and families where there were children in need of protection. Factors that may enhance or inhibit collaboration were explored. Method The sample used was a purposive sample, comprising social workers and health professionals working in one of two boroughs. A case study approach was adopted and data collection involved a mixed approach of both qualitative and quantitative methods. A postal survey across the two boroughs was undertaken, using a questionnaire which was distributed on two separate occasions to allow comparison of the extent to which there was effective collaboration pre and post the Laming Inquiry. The questionnaire included a series of brief vignettes and a multi staged vignette, based on real life cases which were anonymised and were developed to assess the application of thresholds across the two boroughs and across professional disciplines, and to explore collaboration throughout the safeguarding continuum. The questionnaire used a number of open, closed and scaled questions to generate both quantitative and qualitative data. The questionnaire was distributed to a total of 311 practitioners at the pre Laming stage and to a total of 300 practitioners post Laming. Results In analysing the responses from participants across health and social care, a number of important themes have emerged. The responses to the vignettes demonstrated different levels of professional participation in work both with children in need and at different stages of the process for children in need of protection. Professionals in the borough with established child in need policies valued the multi-agency approach that was adopted in work where there are children in need of services There was lack of consensus in several of the cases in terms of thresholds of concern; a range of factors that may enhance or inhibit collaboration were identified, including shared thresholds, the practice of informal joint meetings, joint assessment and joint training. The majority of respondents believed the Laming Inquiry had impacted on collaboration in both areas of practice, children in need of services and children in need of protection. Although a number of positive outcomes of the Laming Inquiry were identified, the impact in terms of work load and stress generated as a result of policy change from the Inquiry were highlighted. In analysing responses in the current study, a theme that was very evident was the extent to which the emotional impact of safeguarding work affects the ability of professionals to achieve a collaborative way of working. In reflecting on the findings of the research the following recommendations are made: Recommendations In undertaking this current research and reflecting upon the learning that has taken place, as a result of the valuable input from professionals who participated, the following recommendations are made: Recommendations at the level of practice 1. Health and social care organisations should consider the development of multi-agency practice teams to provide services for children in need. 2. Health and social care organisations should consider the development of multi-agency safeguarding supervision, based on a model that allows reflection, particularly for complex cases and includes the supportive element for practitioners. Recommendations at the level of policy 3. Health and social care organisations should undertake assessments at the time of policy change to identify the financial and human requirements to resource the change. Recommendations for future research 4. Further research is undertaken to explore in greater depth the emotional impact of safeguarding work and potential approaches to support professionals. 5. Future research is undertaken to explore the child and young person’s experience of collaborative approaches in safeguarding practice.
13
Bastgen, Andreas [Verfasser], and Christian [Akademischer Betreuer] Holzner. "Employment protection, innovation and the labor market / Andreas Bastgen ; Betreuer: Christian Holzner." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1125883804/34.
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King, William Jude. "The implications of canon 1286 for the canonical protection of employee rights in Pennsylvania." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1989. http://www.tren.com.
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Reisfield, Alexander. "The De Havilland Law - How One Woman stood up to the Hollywood System." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2018. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/2088.
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Olivia de Havilland’s legal victory over Warner Brothers in 1943 set a new precedent for labor relations in Hollywood. Not an isolated piece of litigation, the resulting law now is referred to by her name. It was the culmination of long struggle for actors in the studio system for representation and fair treatment under the law. Much of the work during Hollywood’s studio era was undertaken by women. They used their positions on screen both to appeal to their individual audiences. More than any other, the female star defined the pictures they performed in and the brand of the studios that employed them.
Hollywood’s studio system bound stars like de Havilland contractually for a period of up to seven years, which was the legal limit at the time. This did not stop studios from abusing those legal limits through loopholes like the suspension clause. In 1943, the suspension clause was what Warner Brothers used to keep Olivia de Havilland beyond the seven calendar years she had worked for the studio. Actors rejoiced when the powerful suspension clause was declared unlawful by de Havilland’s suite. With the De Havilland Law, actors were entitled to independence that had previously be reserved for the lucky few.
16
Cholewinski, Ryszard. "Migrant workers in international human rights law : their protection in countries of employment /." Oxford : Clarendon Press, 1997. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/279985177.pdf.
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Al, Zaidi Mazin M. "Cyber security behavioural intentions for trade secret protection." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2017. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/108526/.
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Trade secrets have become an important aspect of competitive advantage for new and established businesses in the new digital economy. This is particularly true in corporate venturing, where most corporates rely on new entrepreneurial ventures with creative ideas to drive innovation and fuel growth. In this manner, these corporates run corporate venturing units such as corporate accelerators to support entrepreneurs creating new ventures. During the accelerated pace of venturing, trade secrets become the core intangible asset that requires protection for any new venture. Yet, people remain the weakest link in the cyber security chain and that requires more understanding to enhance cyber security protection. A new approach was suggested in this study to explore the protection of trade secrets through the confidentiality of information, the ownership of intellectual property and the secrecy of commercial secrets. This study developed a conceptual model to explore cyber security behaviour for trade secret protection within corporate accelerators. Well-established theories were adopted to develop the research conceptual model for trade secret protection, integrating the protection motivation theory (PMT), social bond theory (SBT) and the concept of psychological ownership. This study began with a comprehensive up-to-date systematic literature review in the field of cyber security behavioural intentions over the past decade. The top 10 journals in the field of cyber security behaviour were reviewed and 46 publications that used 35 behaviour theories were identified. A concept matrix based on a concept-centric approach was applied to present the behavioural theories used in the relevant literature. By analysing the relevant literature results, the key cyber security behaviour elements were identified and illustrated via a concept map and matrix. Based on the output of the literature review analysis, valuable findings and insights were presented. This study investigates entrepreneurs’ cyber security behavioural intentions to protect trade secrets in agile dynamic corporate environments. The research design adopted a hypothetico-deductive approach using a quantitative survey for empirical data collection. To evaluate the conceptual model, a partial least squares method of structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) analysis was used. This involved validity and reliability assessments, in addition to hypotheses testing. The research results found statistically significant relationships for severity, vulnerability, response efficacy, response cost, involvement and personal norms in relation to cyber security behavioural intentions to protect trade secrets.
18
Parton, Nigel. "Social work, child protection and social theory : a critical review and analysis." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2000. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/4879/.
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This PhD by publication consists of two single authored books, five single authored papers in refereed journals, five single authored papers and one joint authored paper in edited books and covers the period 1985-2000. Two central ongoing themes are identified in the work: (1) the analysis of changing policy and practice in relation to child abuse in the UK from the late 1960's onwards; and (2), the changing nature of social work, again mainly in the UK. The themes are overlapping and in relation to both a number of concepts and debates in social theory are drawn upon both to analyse the changes and to make a positive contribution to policy and practice, particularly in the area of child welfare social work.
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Huntley, Rebecca. ""Sex on the Hustings" : labor and the construction of 'the woman voter' in two federal elections (1983, 1993)." Connect to full text, 2003. http://setis.library.usyd.edu.au/adt/public_html/adt-NU/public/adt-NU20040209.113517/index.html.
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Huntley, Rebecca Jane. "Sex on the hustings: Labor and the construction of the woman vote in two federal elections (1983, 1993)." University of Sydney. Gender Studies, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/570.
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The basic aim of this thesis is to describe and analyse how �the woman voter� was constructed within Labor discourse during the Hawke/Keating years. My domain of investigation is electoral politics, in particular the federal election campaigns of 1983 and 1993. These elections flank the beginning and the end of the Labor decade, a period of great significance to both the development of Labor politics specifically and Australian politics in general. The elections of 1983 and 1993 were campaigns in which the Party made a concerted effort to attract women�s votes. Through a reading of the various texts associated with these two campaigns, I explore the construction of �the woman voter� as a �new� political subject position within Labor discourse. The dominant influences on the construction of �the woman voter� as a new subject position were Labor discourse and feminism, or more precisely Labor discourse affected by the incursion of feminism from the 1970s onwards. This thesis describes and analyses how this subject position has been produced and reproduced within Labor discourse. The gender gap research developed for the 1983 federal election constitutes one of the more important technologies that work to construct �the woman voter� within Labor discourse. A reading of the texts associated with the 1983 campaign reveals the character of �the woman voter� as a caring figure. However, as the Labor decade progressed, �the woman voter� is articulated in Labor discourse as a more complex figure, focused on her responsibilities both in the home and at paid work. A reading of various texts associated with the 1993 election campaign shows that �the woman voter� is constructed as a carer-worker; this subject position is broadly consonant with the objectives liberal, economic government. Certain modifications within this basic subject position can be observed in Labor�s anti-GST campaign materials, which made an appeal to the woman voter as consumer.
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Косьменко, М. В. "Психологія охорони праці." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2010. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/21073.
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Одним з найбільш пріоритетних напрямків зменшення травматизму є підвищення рівня знань працівників з цих питань, яке має забезпечуватися закладами освіти і безпосередньо шляхом навчання працівників у процесі їх трудової діяльності.
При цитуванні документа, використовуйте посилання http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/21073
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Gómez-Lugo, Fanny. "The protection of fundamental rights at work : a study of Venezuela and the Andean Community." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=99138.
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The adoption of a new constitution, the changes in legislation, and the well-known shift in policies and State practices introduced by the Chavez administration, are some of the factors that persuaded me to examine not only the legal protection but the actual exercise of internationally recognized core labour standards in Venezuela, notably freedom of association and the right to collective bargaining, the elimination of forced labour, the abolition of child labour and the elimination of discrimination at work.Given the structure and nature of the ILO, its mechanisms of enforcement are limited. Despite the successful ILO objective of promoting compliance with workers' rights, certain Member States like the Government of Venezuela, continue to violate labour rights. This situation requires the search for alternatives.
The idea that inspired this paper was an attempt to look for alternatives in regionalism. The hypothesis is that a sub-regional approach through the Andean Community, comprising Andean countries, offers a more effective means to protect labour rights in Venezuela than an international approach through the ILO. However, the solution points more to a joint international-regional approach to better ensure workers' rights in Venezuela and the Andean region.
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LINDÔSO, Raquel Oliveira. "A inserção da força de trabalho feminina no mercado de trabalho nordestino: uma análise sobre o Município de Toritama – PE." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2011. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/17109.
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FACEPE
O presente trabalho analisa o período recente da economia brasileira, dando ênfase na região nordestina, com suas transformações ocorridas nas formas de gestão da produção e organização do trabalho (terceirização, produção flexível, redução das hierarquias funcionais, novas tecnologias e a subcontratação). Nesse contexto, observou-se o surgimento de novos relacionamentos diretos entre a unidade capitalista e as formas de ocupação não capitalista, com destaque para as modalidades de trabalho irregular, parcial e em domicílio. Nesse novo padrão de acumulação capitalista, apoiado na globalização e na flexibilização das relações de trabalho, é notório o significativo crescimento da inserção e da precarização do uso da força de trabalho feminina. Nesse sentido, a temática das relações de trabalho e relações de gênero tem recebido uma atenção relevante de pesquisadoras, na medida em que a inserção da mulher no mundo do trabalho na contemporaneidade acontece predominante na ponta da cadeia produtiva, com efetiva precariedade do trabalho que se manifesta em baixas remunerações, instabilidade e desproteção social. Estas indicações nos levaram à experiência produtiva do município de Toritama, um dos principais produtores de confecções de Pernambuco, cujo passado econômico foi marcado pela pecuária à qual se associou uma produção calçadista predominantemente artesanal, antes da consolidação da produção de jeans, nicho específico que lhe caracteriza como arranjo produtivo local – APL . Evidenciamos na nossa investigação que a produção de confecções no município de Toritama desperta atenção por sua dinâmica produtiva baseada em um uso intensivo de trabalho, (pois o segmento é de baixa tecnologia), pela clara segregação por gênero nas atividades desenvolvidas e, sobretudo, nas relações de trabalho que se revelam tão flexíveis e precárias que sequer são entendidas como parte da cadeia produtiva. O município é indicado como exemplo de uma cultura empreendedora nata, fortemente apoiada em uma hipotética cultura empreendedora vista como vocação local.
This paper analyzes a recent period of Brazilian Economy with emphasis on the Northeast area within some transformations towards the management production as well as in its work organization (outsourcing, flexible production, reduction of functional hierarchies, new technologies and subcontracting). It was observed, in this context, an emergence of new direct relationships between the capitalist unit and the non-capitalist forms of occupation highlighting the procedures of working without an employment contract, part-timers or housekeepers. In this new pattern of capitalist accumulation supported by the Globalization and by the flexibility of labor relations, it is notorious the meaningful growth either towards the insertion or towards the use of female labor forces. In this sense, the theme of labor and gender relationship has received significant attention from researchers as the inclusion of women in the contemporary world predominantly takes place on the edge of the supply chain with effective job insecurity that has its manifestation in low wages, instability and lack of social rights. These indications have led us to the productive experience of a city named Toritama well known as a leading producer of clothing in Pernambuco which was marked by an economic past based on the livestock production that after joined mainly the handmade shoes production before the consolidation of the jeans production in that city which is the specific niche that characterizes this city as an LPS (Local Productive System). We have evidenced in our research that the production of clothing in the city of Toritama draws the attention because of its dynamic production based on an intensive use of labor (once it is a low-tech section of market) throughout the clear segregation by gender towards work activities and especially in labor relations that reveal themselves so flexible and precarious so that these relations are not so conceived as a part of the production chain. The city is known as an example of a cream of an entrepreneurial culture, strongly supported by a hypothetical entrepreneurial culture conceived as local professional calling.
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Gaspar, Danilo Gonçalves. "A crise da subordinação jurídica clássica enquanto elemento definidor da relação de emprego e a proposta da subordinação potencial." Universidade Federal da Bahia, 2011. http://www.repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/12378.
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O Direito do Trabalho foi pensado e se concretizou como um instrumento de proteção dos trabalhadores hipossuficientes, assim entendidos como aqueles que, sem a propriedade dos meios de produção, vendem suas forças de trabalho por uma contraprestação pecuniária. A hipossuficiência, no âmbito do modelo de produção fordista/taylorista, se confundia com a submissão do trabalhador às ordens diretas do tomador de serviços, fato este que ensejou a elaboração de um conceito de subordinação jurídica atrelado ao exercício efetivo, pelo tomador dos serviços, do seu poder diretivo, sendo este o seu conceito clássico. Com o desenvolvimento tecnológico e o surgimento dos modelos de produção pós-fordistas, dentre os quais se destaca o toyotismo, instalou-se, em paralelo ao fordismo, uma nova mentalidade produtiva. O novo modelo de produção propõe novas formas de relações de trabalho, pautadas em uma maior liberdade na prestação dos serviços. São criados, por exemplo, o trabalho parassubordinado, o trabalho autônomo economicamente dependente e o teletrabalho. Esta reestruturação produtiva deixa transparecer a insuficiência do conceito clássico de subordinação jurídica, na medida em que os novos trabalhadores guardam, em sua essência, a mesma característica que distingue o trabalhador autônomo dos demais, revelada na ausência de propriedade dos meios de produção e do resultado do trabalho prestado. O que há de novo, portanto, é somente uma maior liberdade na execução dos serviços, o que impõe, desta maneira, uma revisão e ampliação do conceito de subordinação jurídica, de modo a conceber como subordinado tanto o trabalhador que receba ordens diretas do tomador de serviços, quanto aquele que, inserido em uma organização produtiva, possui liberdade na execução dos serviços. O conceito de subordinação potencial surge, então, como uma proposta teórica destinada a contextualizar o Direito do Trabalho no âmbito socioeconômico e tecnológico contemporâneo, resgatando, consequentemente, o ideal protetivo e socializante deste ramo específico da ciência jurídica.
Salvador
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Thoene, Ulf V. "Social protection and labour law : regulatory approaches to the informal employment sector in Latin America." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2013. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/57756/.
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The phenomena of high and persistent levels of informal employment and informal entrepreneurial activity have been among the most pressing features undermining the development of participatory socio-economic and political institutions in Latin America over the past decades. The informal sector does not exist separately from the formal economy. Although some individuals profit from shirking regulation such as tax payments, others are denied their basic rights as citizens. Many policy initiatives that set out to enable an increasing share of the region’s population to enjoy protected workplace conditions, access the social protective systems and nurture productive firms have had negligible or even detrimental effects. This research thesis argues that in order to understand the complex mechanics of informal labour in Latin America, a wide analytical perspective must be adopted, so that various interconnected developmental policy issues such as citizenship, state capacity, the political economy of the region, the design structure and the coverage of the contributory social protection regime, the quality of political participation, access to the legal system, and education must be examined with respect to their impact on social and labour rights. Employing the analytical lens of institutionalist regulatory theory and adopting central insights from Sen’s Capability Approach allow for the identification of path-dependent patterns in Latin American labour law and social polices, a reassessment of the role of the state as a regulatory actor, and the crucial importance of lifting the quality of employment and social services delivery. That approach allows this research dissertation to move beyond the traditional discourses that advocate either state regulation in the areas of social and labour legislation coupled with enforcement mechanisms, or alternatively deregulatory policies that place their faith in market forces as the ultimate formula to approach a societal issue that must actually be tackled from several vantage points. Fieldwork was carried out in Colombia in order to enrich this research with data obtained from interviews, participant observation and library visits.
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Mulhern, Margaret. "Social Work Student Perceptions of Labor Trafficking." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2014. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/1632.
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Human Trafficking in Florida is a growing issue that affects individuals and communities on a micro, mezzo, and macro level. Although legislative efforts and changes in agency policies have raised awareness about this problem, limited awareness and research examines awareness of labor trafficking as one form of human trafficking. This exploratory-descriptive study used a convenience sampling technique to explore the perceptions of 45 Bachelors (BSW) and Masters (MSW) level social work students on the prevalence and nature of labor trafficking. The findings from the research show students have a general idea of labor trafficking and believe in equal access to human rights for victims. However, majority of students were unaware of current legislation to aid victims in Florida, and the prevalence of men as victims. Implications from this study show a need for further education within social work policies that aid labor trafficking victims, and a need for additional research to identify specific ways students can learn about human trafficking.B.S.W.
Bachelors
Social Work
Health and Public Affairs
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HUANG, YUXIN. "Impact of Labor Protection Laws on the Operating and Financial Risks of Firms: The Case of China." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2018. https://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2546.
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A debate exists regarding the effect of labor protection laws on labor costs. Whether labor protection laws increase or decrease labor costs has implications for risk exposure of affected firms. If the labor costs go up, all else the same, the firm’s breakeven point goes up. Facing increased business risk, the firm must resort to strategies that inhibit the risk exposure, especially if the higher labor costs cannot be transferred, without adverse consequences, to consumers. The strategies include reigning in, if at all possible, operating leverage and financial leverage. Conversely, if the labor costs decrease, a firm’s business risk declines, and the firm has options to increase its operating leverage and/or financial leverage, lower the product price, or do nothing. By examining the Chinese firms’ reactions to the 2007 labor protection laws, we draw conclusions about laws’ directional impact on labor costs. We find that Chinese firms attempt to reduce business risk by lessening labor intensity, and labor-intensive firms are able to reduce the labor intensity at a significantly higher rate than capital-intensive firms. Neither group is able to significantly reduce asset tangibility. We also find that all firms significantly reduce their financial leverages. Consequently, firms’ investments, as measured by sales growth, decline in the post-reform period. These results are consistent with the cost of labor increasing as a result of the stricter labor protection laws.
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Zou, Chen. "Guarding the territory of labor rights protection : a "socialized" approach by the Yiwu Federations of Trade Unions." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2012. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/1384.
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Dubin, Laurence. "La protection des normes sociales dans les échanges internationaux /." Aix-en-Provence : Presses Univ. d'Aix-Marseille, 2003. http://www.gbv.de/dms/sbb-berlin/470253444.pdf.
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Brown, Katrina. "Women's farming groups in a semi-arid region of Kenya : a case study of Tharaka Division, Meru District." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1990. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/27678/.
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The thesis examines how far women's farming groups are able to foster self-reliance among peasant farmers in Tharaka Division, a semi-arid region of Kenya. This is a particularly impoverished, drought prone part of the country where population pressure is resulting in intensified land use. In the past development policies have increased the vulnerability of peasant farmers making local people increasingly dependent on cash cropping and off-farm sources of income. Many households are headed by women, and the majority of farms are managed by women. Three aspects of women's farming groups were investigated: participation; extension and innovation; and access to development resources. A comparison is made between the economic and social status of participants and non-participants in women's farming groups. If it is the case that poor women are excluded from these groups, then a policy of targeting agricultural services and inputs to women's groups actually discriminates against resource-poor farmers. The study compares the number of extension visits received and innovations adopted by participants and non-participants. It questions whether the dissemination of information takes place through groups, and whether or not groups facilitate innovation. It examines the distribution of services and inputs to groups by government and non-government development agencies, and identifies those factors determining which groups receive assistance. The study concludes that women's farming groups have the potential to foster self-reliance amongst peasant farmers. However at present poorer women do not join groups because of severe time constraints created by competing labour demands. Any policy supporting women's farming groups can only be consistent with a "people-centred", participatory approach to development when these constraints are overcome and poor women, particularly female heads of households, are able to participate. Present policy is biased in favour of groups from more fertile areas. It is necessary to formulate policy appropriate to dryland areas where women's farming groups may provide a valuable mechanism for reducing vulnerability and ameliorating the effects of drought and famine.
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Richmond, Sarah Louise. "Philanthropy, entrepreneurship and transnational exchange : women's campaigns for employment in Berlin and London, 1859-1900." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2011. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/13318/.
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This thesis focuses on the 'moral panic' provoked by single, 'redundant' middle-class women in the nineteenth century and extends current research by exploring the debate in Europe from both a comparative and transnational perspective. Both pitied and pilloried, unmarried women were deemed to be 'surplus' women and two institutions were established in Berlin and London to provide them with vocational training and employment: the Lette-Verein and the Society for Promoting the Employment of Women respectively. This thesis contends that a comparative study is vital in understanding their work and that hitherto undiscovered transnational lines of communication between them shaped their aims, achievements and development. A comparative perspective will reveal how not only feminists but male social reformers of the liberal bourgeoisie worked together across national boundaries in the campaign to provide middle-class women with employment. It will explore how women who took charge in both cities were not merely philanthropists, but forged their own careers as leaders and entrepreneurs. Case-studies will scrutinize and compare the businesses these institutions founded to train and employ women and analyze their varying degrees of success. This thesis will argue that the women in charge of these enterprises were compelled to negotiate a difficult boundary between commercial and welfare values to be successful. Furthermore, it will reveal that transnational networks were consolidated by men and women who exchanged information and ideas across national boundaries. They were keen to compete with their foreign contemporaries, yet found valuable support from their associates abroad. This thesis concludes that transnational cooperation between men and women in the mid-1860s formed the basis of a more formal international women's movement in the late nineteenth century.
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Anderson, Pauline. "Women and unemployment : a case study of women's experiences of unemployment in Glasgow." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1993. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/34634/.
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This study investigates women's experiences of unemployment in Glasgow and will contribute to a literature in which there are very few studies on women's unemployment. The thesis seeks to challenge the marginality of women's unemployment in sociological discourses. The research is based on interviews with forty unemployed women and sixteen women engaged on Employment Training schemes in Glasgow. The research questions the assumptions and discourses of the mainstream sociological literature on work and unemployment. It highlights the ways in which these sociological discourses draw upon and give legitimacy to existing gendered ideologies about female roles. Contrary to the dominant sociological paradigm which marginalises the importance of women's unemployment, the evidence presented in this thesis demonstrates that waged work is a central and valued part of women's social identity. The data shows that in unemployment women lose their economic identity and this has a detrimental impact upon their social and domestic identities. Women's domestic role did not compensate for the loss of their paid employment. Rather, the experience of unemployment made women value waged work more.
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Beecham, David Michael. "The impact of intimate partner abuse on women’s experiences of the workplace : a qualitative study." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2009. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/3118/.
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This thesis examines the impact of intimate partner abuse on women‟s experiences of the workplace, a topic that has been under examined within the UK. Taking a pro-feminist perspective, and drawing on Foucault‟s conceptualisation of power, the thesis examines the gendered power relations that survivors negotiate in their relationships with their abusive partners and work colleagues in order to sustain their employment. The thesis also addresses a major gap in the literature, namely the experiences of women in professional and/or managerial occupations and the coping strategies they employ in order to sustain their employment. The thesis draws on 29 in-depth qualitative interviews conducted with survivors of intimate partner abuse who predominantly were employed in skilled, professional and/or managerial occupations. These interviews were conducted via telephone, face-to-face and the internet. Adopting a symbolic interactionist approach, coupled with a Foucauldian perspective on power, it is argued women in professional and/or managerial positions adopt different coping mechanisms to women in unskilled employment in order to sustain their employment. Furthermore, it is argued that for some women disclosure of abuse within the workplace can prove to be a positive coping strategy. However, for those women in managerial positions, it could seriously jeopardise their authority within the workplace. It is also argued that disclosure could undermine the coping strategies that women adopt in order to survive and sustain their employment. This thesis also argues that earning an income and assuming the role of breadwinner within an abusive relationship does not necessarily grant women economic independence, that gendered power relations are far more complex than previous arguments propose. Finally, this thesis not only contributes towards our theoretical and empirical understanding of gendered power dynamics operating within abusive relationships, but it also has a practical application by informing the development of workplace policies and practices regarding intimate partner abuse.
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Coulombe, Harold. "Child labour and schooling in West Africa : a three country study." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2000. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/36635/.
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Although child labour has been around since ever, it is only recently that the topic has captured economists' consideration. Theoretical contributions to its understanding are only starting to be published. Most researchers have concentrated their energy on empirical studies based on utility-maximising framework. This thesis would hopefully contribute to this understanding throught statistical evidences from three West African coastal countries: Ghana, Cote d'Ivoire and Benin. In this thesis, school attendance is examined in as much details as child labour. In the African context where almost all child labour occurred within family enterprises, child labour would be judged foremost by its deterrent effect on human capital-building activities. Using fully comparable datasets, we first analyse and compare our Ghanaian and Ivorian findings. These two neighbouring countries could be seen as participants in a "natural experiment" since they share similar ecological, ethnographic and geographical environments but differ on one extremely important point, their modern institutions, especially their schooling systems inherited from their respective former colonial powers. We would see how different education systems shape not only schooling behaviour, but child labour force levels and characteristics. Then, using a completely different type of household survey, we will analyse child's allocation of time in a broader framework in which we have information on hours spent on an exhausitive list of activities, including time spent on home study. These detailed data would enable us to examine to which extent child labour has a deterrent effect not only schooling participation, but also on the human capital-enhancing home study.
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Farmer, Diane Chilufya Chilangwa. "Professional and managerial black African women : Johannesburg and London’s emerging and transnational elites." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2010. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/283/.
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The number of women entering professional and managerial jobs globally has increased over the past thirty years. However, only a small percentage of texts within feminist and organisational theory specifically address the lives and experiences of professional and managerial Black African women within the workplace and family life. As such, many organisational and social research questions in this area remain unanswered. This thesis examines the work and family lives of professional and managerial Black African women living and working in Johannesburg and London. It explores how such women with relatively similar colonial histories, cultures, career and professional backgrounds handle their complex social positioning. This complexity, as discussed in the thesis, is created mainly through the way in which identity characteristics such as gender, race/ethnicity and class intersect and impact on these women when working in an environment where they are in a minority and viewed in some instances as ‘space invaders’. The impact that these complex social categories, combined with the influences of culture and history, have on their identities as career women, mothers, wives, partners and daughters is also examined. As Black African women with careers in major cities on opposite sides of the globe, these emerging and transnational elite Black African women remain a rarity and hidden gem to most – making them unique both in the workplace and in communities. In London, they are not only minorities within the UK population but minorities in their role as professional and managerial women within the corporate private sector. In Johannesburg, although part of the majority population in the country, they still remain minorities within the professional and managerial circles of that country’s corporate private sector. The method I use to gather data is the Life History approach which allows me, the researcher, to reveal my participants’ individual views and interpretation of their own work and family life experiences. I do this by conducting semi-structured interviews as a means of collecting their ‘life stories’. These stories told by Black African professional and managerial women reflect their views of reality. Through a form of Life History analysis, this mode of enquiry further reveals the importance of acknowledging difference when implementing government and organisational policies that combat barriers brought about by corporate practices and cultural attitudes within the workplace and society as a whole.
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Shrestha, Mona. "Exploring gendered work and women's empowerment : a study of hotels, resorts and casinos in Nepal." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2013. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/57260/.
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This thesis explores gendered work and women‟s empowerment in interactive service work in Nepal, focusing on two five-star hotels, two deluxe resorts and two casinos. It develops a conceptual framework to explore how gendered work and women‟s empowerment are related, paying attention to the interactional and structural levels. This feminist research uses mixed methods of 21 questionnaires to gather quantitative data that shed light on the gendered workforce. Qualitative data is derived from 65 interviews (semi-structured and in-depth) with male and female workers, managers, male family members and policy experts, two focus group discussions with women working in two casinos and observations in the six sample establishments. The study makes three arguments. First, gendered work is constructed by three distinct but related dimensions, namely: the gender division of labour; the gendered ideologies of managers and workers; and the gendering of skills provided through training. Second, workers, to a variable extent, perform gendered emotional, aesthetic and (hetero) sexualised labour and such performances shape and are shaped by gendered work. Third, women‟s paid work empowers them to some extent at an individual level; however, structural constraints continue to impede their empowerment. The thesis makes theoretical as well as empirical contributions to existing knowledge. Theoretically, it contributes to understanding of the relationship between gendered work and empowerment in which structural context is of critical significance. At the empirical level, this makes an original contribution to the analysis of interactive service work in Nepal. The thesis finds that women doing gendered work are to some extent empowered at the individual level and perhaps „doing‟ gender per se is not a problem. However, structural constraints continue to impede women‟s empowerment, despite some gradual changes. The thesis also finds that the hotel and casino sector are not feminised in contrast to studies conducted in the „West‟.
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Korpradit, Chanatip. "The working lives of Thai women." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2011. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/51475/.
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This study draws on gender issues relating to the employment and family responsibilities of Thai working women in order to better understand their management of these. The study thus attempts to address key gaps in the literature through a consideration of women’s careers, the social structure in Thailand, Thai women in the labour market, equal treatment according to merit and respondents’ experiences of being working mothers. This research thereby contributes to the research on employment and the family responsibilities of Thai working women. Thus, the study is not only an examination of gender issues in relation to employment and family responsibilities, but the data collected also enables the generation of interesting new hypotheses derived from the narratives provided by women concerning the impact of these dual spheres. Moreover, this study contributes to the wider literature on gender by seeking to explore the role of working mothers as a complex aspect of women’s experiences.
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McBride, Anne. "Re-shaping trade union democracy : developing effective representation for women in UNISON." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1997. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/3677/.
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The under-representation of women and over-representation of men in trade unions raises questions as to why it occurs, its consequences for women and how it can be overcome. This thesis engages with these questions. It indicates the dominant ideologies and institutions which underpin the dominant male model of trade unions and discusses strategies designed to change the 'rules of the game'. The creation of UNISON on 1st July 1993 provides a research site in which to study the extent to which trade union democracy can be deliberately re-shaped so as to reflect the interests of women. UNISON represents 1.3 million workers within the public service sector, two-thirds of whom are women. It has been the express intention of UNISON to achieve gender democracy through empowering its women members to participate in its representative structures. In particular, the adoption of three key principles in the rule book: proportionality for women, fair representation at all levels and self-organisation for four disadvantaged groups, is intended to have a significant impact on the nature of women's involvement in the union. This thesis contains extensive case study material collected within UNISON over a two year period, ending November 1995. It reveals the opportunities which the three rule book commitments provide for effective representation by women in UNISON. By excluding men so that women can take the majority of representative positions, proportionality and fair representation change the predominant values and beliefs of trade union democracy. By providing opportunities for women to determine their own agenda, in the absence of men, self-organisation challenges the ideology that union strength is based on unity and common interests. However, the dominant model of trade unionism is not being re-shaped without tension or resistance. This thesis argues that ideologies and institutions remain which prevent women's access to representative structures being translated into the discussion of women's concerns in UNISON's decision making arena. VII
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Chan, Lean Heng. "Educational work with factory women in Malaysia." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1998. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/3676/.
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Most women workers' education focuses on women's objective-material situation namely employment conditions and rights as workers. Hence, consciousness-raising on exploitation and the importance of workers unity are the usual agendas. Women's subjectivities, their individual personally lived experiences are rarely taken on board. Even in situations where gender agendas are covered, their unspoken thoughts, repressed feelings and pains, especially the personally felt emotional subordination tend to be overlooked. This thesis explores how silenced experiences of emotional subordination, powerlessness and inferiority can be taken on board in and as educational work with factory women. Guided by principles of participatory research and feminist research I used multiple methods to review current and past educational work with factory women in Malaysia, to explore a way of approaching and doing educational work that is empowering for factory women and that is based on their lived experiences. Specifically the research (i) undertook a historical and critical review of women workers education in Malaysia and identified the neglected dimensions 1 (ii) probed the lived gendered experiences of factory women, and (iii) evolved a pedagogy that can evoke and reconstitute silenced experiences of emotional subordination. Storying, as a narrative methodology for negotiating and constructing meaning from experience (and practice) frames the epistemological and methodological approach to this study. The study established that although emotional suffering is only one dimension of factory women's lived experiences and one dimension of women's subordination, it is however, a critical area to address in educational work concerned with factory women's empowerment, given the pervasiveness of debilitating emotional subjectivities amongst them. Story-telling-sharing in small groups was found to be effective in facilitating the constructive unfolding of differences and commonalities while also fostering an emotionally safe space in which women can rebuild self-esteem and confidence and discover solidarity. Indeed, story-telling-sharing that incorporates processes of reflective talking and making sense is the educational method par excellence. It commences with lived experiences and experienced feelings to reconstitute women's subjectivities. These findings bring significant insights to the pedagogy and content of educational work with women on the global assembly line, and for women and workers' education in general.
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Grime, Jill. "Children in between : child rights and child placement in Sri Lanka." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2000. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/3675/.
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This thesis examines the appropriateness of the use of rights based strategies in meeting children's needs. In an era of proliferating international conventions this is an issue that demands further debate. The starting point of the thesis is the way that rights talk about children. It is suggested that ideas of difference are integral to child rights. Needs and rights are attributed on the basis of difference. The difference between children and adults is defined and informed by the scientifically based discourse of child development, on which a prescriptive model of childhood is built. Difference also structures the relationship between child rights and other cultural norms of childhood. Rights make claims to a universal application. Other constructions of childhood are redefined as local, and required to fit into the rights framework, or delegitimised. Developing these points it is asked whether rights, as an internationally dominant discourse, can succeed in accommodating rather than excluding difference, since the process of exclusion involves an operation of power which serves to reinforce the status quo. This is a problem that is recognised in some theoretical perspectives (although only rarely applied to child rights). The response is usually in terms of restating universal claims, or advocating some form of cultural relativism. This thesis leans in favour of the latter. However, it also departs somewhat from this dichotomy, and argues, relying on ideas of chaos and complexity, that child rights need to be reworked. Two distinct approaches are suggested: either the recognition of radical, incommensurable difference, in which there can at best be convergence under a limited overarching framework of values; or the removal of difference as a structuring concept. The argument is elaborated through a detailed analysis, structured by theories of globalisation, of the interaction between the dominant rights discourse of childhood, and alternative conceptions of childhood in Sri Lanka. The analysis is based on field research, in which the response of the child care authorities to the practice of child placement was investigated, as was the impact on children and families of their responses. This investigation involved one of the only pieces of empirical research yet done in Sri Lanka, on either the juvenile courts, or on child placement and domestic service. The findings supported the conclusion that in order to be able to embrace complexity, and empower children, child rights need to be rethought.
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Gbajumo-Sheriff, Mariam. "Does work-life balance have a cultural face? : understanding the work-life interface of Nigerian working mothers." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2016. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/91316/.
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With the increase in the number of women working in the formal economy, there has been a growing literature on women handling multiple roles arising from work and the home. Currently there is a gap in the literature about the activities of working mothers in emerging economies, with theories and most findings concentrated on studies in advanced economies. This study therefore intends to fill part of the gap in the literature by investigating the lives of working mothers in the oil and gas sector in Nigeria, with a view of understanding their challenges, pains and gains as they navigate between the home and work spheres. This research adopted a qualitative approach through the administration of semi-structured interviews to working mothers, supervisors and Human Resources practitioners. Using the Greenhaus and Beutell’s (1985) sources of conflict model, this study explored the work and family lives of working mothers in Nigeria, thereby giving a detailed view of the time, strain and behaviour-based conflict they experience, as well as appropriate coping strategies that have been put in place to mitigate the effects of such conflicts. Findings complement earlier studies on work and family in Africa focusing on the experience of strain by working mothers in Nigeria. However, analysis from this study suggests that some of these stress-related conflicts were caused by the prevalent work culture of presenteeism. In comparing evidence of a more equal sharing of domestic tasks between couples in advanced economies, the embrace of equal sharing of housework by men and a demand for such by women in Nigeria is rather limited and slow. A striking difference on the strategies employed by working mothers in the west and in Nigeria is that what working mothers in Nigeria lose by way of government support, they gain in the form of family support.
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Gunatilaka, Panangalage Dona Hemamalie Dias. "Inequalities at work : an investigation of the garment industry in Sri Lanka." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2018. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/103881/.
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This thesis considers some of the different forms taken by the intersection of social inequalities and exploitation in Sri Lankan garment factories. It identifies the organisational policies and practices that reproduce different ‘inequality regimes’ (Acker, 2006) in three case study garment companies, including inequalities of gender, class, ethnicity, religion, age and sexuality. These ‘inequality regimes’ also operate as ‘factory regimes’ (Burawoy, 1983), through which companies seek to generate worker productivity. Further, the thesis analyses the relation between women’s domestic situations and their employment, showing how both are shaped by the wider Sri Lankan patriarchal social structure. In order to understand the inequalities experienced by women at work the thesis mainly seeks to answer two research questions. The first research question asks about the nature of intersecting inequalities in the three case study organisations. The second research question relates to how women going to work in garment factories changes women’s lives. This research question pays special attention to Elson and Pearson’s (1981) three possible tendencies in the relationship between the emergence of women’s factory employment and women’s subordination. Methodologically, the research was based on semi-structured interviews with 36 male and female participants, including owners, managers and workers across three case study organisations, and observations in headquarters offices and three factories over nine months in 2014-2015. The research found that although all three case study organisations are located in the Sri Lankan garment industry, each case study organisation is typified by a highly distinctive inequality regime characterised by different mechanisms for maintaining or modifying wider inequalities and generating workers’ consent: one a ‘despotic regime’, one a ‘maternalistic regime’ and one a ‘pragmatic regime’. Each of these is associated with a degree of individual worker agency, but little collective resistance. The research also found that women’s decisions to enter employment is influenced by the income level of their husbands or fathers. When household income is low women are more able to challenge familial patriarchal authority by taking up employment in garment factories. Women’s contributions to household finances are associated with their families gaining status, women being involved in family decision-making and men contributing to domestic work.
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Ghasemi, Asemeh. "Iranian women working in broadcast media : motivations, challenges and achievements." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2014. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/27827/.
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This research is premised on the investigation of Muslim women working in the Iranian Radio and Television Organisation (IRIB). The study is structured on a number of principal questions: why these women joined IRIB and how they managed the reactions of sceptical family members; how they construct the meaning of womanhood in relation to work, family and motherhood; what challenges these women encounter in the workplace; and how they negotiate and persevere to overcome those challenges, achieve success and make changes in a male-dominated organisation. The main focus is on the post-1979 Islamic revolution, when many practicing Muslim women, who were largely excluded from the film and media industries before the Revolution, began working in radio and television. Modern media that were considered instruments of ‘westernisation’ and ‘decadence’ before the Revolution were re-legitimised by religious authorities and even elevated to the status of ‘public universities’. Many Muslim women, therefore, entered this male dominated ‘forbidden space’ that had a largely secular and liberal work culture before the Revolution. Through 30 semi-structured interviews with these women, this research examines gender relations within the workspace, family domain and in the public arena. The research manifests complex dynamics of gender relations in the context of Iran and in the IRIB organisation. It argues that gender is a relational concept; and an area of constant negotiation and contest. In particular, the study demonstrates that gender relations are defined in negotiation with religious beliefs, traditional norms and political ideologies. They are also reinforced in the family and embedded in the culture of organisation. Overall, it is concluded that after the Islamic revolution, Muslim women found new opportunities to enter spaces in the public domain that were previously considered as being ‘inappropriate’ for women. Despite confronting many challenges in this respect, they have exercised their agency and achieved considerable success in changing traditional and prejudiced attitudes within structures that are underpinned by Islamic gender ideology. In doing so, they have also constructed a new identity of Muslim women that goes beyond simplistic stereotypical dichotomies such as liberated/oppressed, western/eastern, and secular/Muslim.
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Mulholland, Kate Ellen. "The experiences of class and gender relations and women workers at GEC, 1945-1965." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1990. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/106624/.
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This study is an ethnographic account of the experiences of a group of women workers at the GEC in Coventry during the post-war decades from 1945-1965. The company since its establishment grew from a single plant to a large multi-national company emerging as the major employer of female labour in the Coventry labour market. In outlining the emergence of the company as a major employer of women this thesis takes account of the character and development of the local labour market - thus providing a framework in which to contextualise the growth and character of the GEC as a 'woman's factory’. A major theme of the thesis concerns the ways women experienced the sexual division of labour, and the way this impinged upon their job choice and preference for the GEC. This question is organized around their experiences of recruitment, selection of working patterns and patterns of wages within the company. A second important theme concerns workplace culture -when the character of management's and women's role will be considered as a feature in the construction of female stereotypes in terms of jobs and skills. Another key theme in the thesis considers women's experiences of skill, training, job experience, promotion and the changing character of job and gender boundaries - whilst exploring such experience within the context of gendered skill and job hierarchies. The question of management control and its implications for women’s experiences constitutes a further important theme. Within this context women's experiences and ways of coping with a variety of management strategies are considered - whilst highlighting the character of change, the fragmentation of work and the importance of gender in shifting labour market conditions. The final theme considers women's perceptions and experiences of resistance and trade union organization.
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Bridger, Anne. "A century of women's employment in clerical occupations, 1850-1950 : with particular reference to the role of the Society for Promoting the Employment of Women." Thesis, University of Gloucestershire, 2003. http://eprints.glos.ac.uk/3098/.
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The study set out to answer two main questions: (a) what was the role of the Society for Promoting the Employment of Women (SPEW) - an organisation founded in 1859, still in existence today, but now known as the Society for Promoting the Training of Women (SPTW), in the evolution of clerical work as a suitable occupation for women; and (b) what continuities or discontinuities with nineteenth-century office employment could be identified in the experiences of women employed as clerical workers during the first half of the twentieth century? To answer the first question the author examined the archives of SPEW which are lodged at Girton College, Cambridge. The second question was addressed by contacting a small sample of women, the majority born between 1903 and 1925, who were willing to be questioned about their experiences of office work during the inter-war years. The research used a mixture of historiographic (archival analysis) and sociological (empirical) enquiry. It established that SPEW had played a pivotal role in opening up clerical employment to women; and demonstrated that early twentieth-century women had not capitalised on the efforts of those first-wave feminists even though office work was by then a major destination for women. Informants reported unequal pay, segregated workplaces, strictly-regulated social mores, and a patriarchal structure where women were concentrated in lower-level posts. These informants were content to view marriage and motherhood as their main 'career' in life. Chapters 1 and 2 describe the author's background, including how her interest in the research topic developed, the rationale for the research, and the ways in which the study was carried out. Building on previous research, the following two chapters establish the historical framework, the founding of SPEW, its members' links with the Langham Place circle, and the practical activities in which the Society was engaged. Chapter 5 describes the range of women's white-collar employment during the period under review. Chapter 6 presents empirical data relating to the sample of 21 twentieth-century women, and finally Chapter 7 reflects on the ways in which the research evolved, comparing the evidence from the two eras, and suggests further possibilities for research.
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Chun, Soonok. "They are not machines : Korean women workers and their fight for democratic trade unionism in the 1970's." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2000. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/2903/.
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The 1960's and the 1970's were decades of extraordinarily rapid change in South Korea. The military coup that took place in May, 1961 presaged eighteen years of increasingly harsh and oppressive authoritarian rule under the leadership of Park Chung-hee, during which time South Korea shed its centuries old dependency upon rural agrarianism and emerged as one of the world's premier industrial economies. At the forefront of this advance was the textile and garment industry; a manufacturing complex characterised by a myriad of sweat-shop factories in which the overwhelming majority of employees were girls and young women. Working conditions in these establishments were of a universally low standard, and all notions of workers' rights and dignities were sacrificed for the government-sponsored imperative to maximise exports and minimise costs. To facilitate this circumstance, the Park Chung-hee regime constructed a nation-wide trade union organisation that was, in effect, nothing more than an agent of the state: unrepresentative of, and unresponsive to, the interests of workers in all industries. With little, or no, support from male co-workers, and despite their political naivety and the traditionally subordinate status of Korean females, the women textile and garment workers confronted the state, the employers, and their 'official' trade union representatives, and succeeded in forming the nucleus of a fully democratic labour organisation. The enterprise-level democratic trade unions thus formed were not isolated or transient phenomena but included educational and vocational 'outreach' programmes of mutual support, the purposes of which were to enhance individual awareness and extend the concepts of solidarity and collectivity throughout the industrial sector. One of the purposes of this dissertation is to make visible the hidden history of these women. Writers and commentators on South Korean industrial relations share a common disregard for the achievements of the women activists of the 1970's and, instead, locate elsewhere the birth of democratic trade unionism. This study takes advantage of unique access to the life histories and personal records of many individuals, both male and female, who were actively involved in the events of the period. It presents a narrative of the lives and the attainments of women workers whose struggles have gone largely unrecorded, and whose outstanding accomplishments have, until now, remained uncelebrated.
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El, Shinnawy Azza. "Understanding the impact of protection on manufacturing efficiency levels and relative pharmaceutical prices evidence from Egypt's generics pharmaceutical industry (1993-2008)." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2012. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/542/.
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This thesis aims at contributing to the literature on industrial policy by investigating patterns of 'association' between trade and industrial policies, the country’s national pharmaceutical policy (including pricing), the pre-January 2005 intellectual property rights regime, productivity and productivity growth in the Egyptian generics pharmaceutical sector. This thesis presented evidence that positive total factor productivity (TFP) growth can be observed under the auspices of a protectionist regime, however, there is a need to revisit pharmaceutical regulatory protectionism, as it impacts negatively on export growth and on fair pharmaceutical prices. Under the auspices of what can be categorised as a protectionist regulatory regime, this thesis examined trends in TFP growth in 13 of Egypt's pharmaceutical generics firms, which account for 50 percent of the generics market by value. Empirical results indicated that the best-practice firm in terms of TFP change belonged to the private sector, while the laggard firm belonged to the state-owned public business sector. Empirical results indicated that mean TFP change for the sample firms throughout the study period 1993-2005 (1.01) exceeded the mean TFP change for all Egyptian industries (0.75), and that there was evident disassociation or weak correlation -at best- between productivity growth and the degree of export orientation. In light of both the absence of significant generics import competition in Egypt, it has been found that prices of generics were atypical in terms of exceeding standard worldwide generic-to-originator price ratios. Generic diffusion did not significantly bring down average prices, while an evident wedge was observed between the market shares of the most sold generics versus the least-priced generics to the advantage of the former. As a result of enforcing pharmaceutical product patent protection as of January 2005, the price-related impact of the TRIPS Agreement in the domain of Egypt’s top 42 therapeutic classes by market value (50 percent of the market), has been put in the range of LE 479 million.
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Mohamed, Assad. "Les nanomatériaux manufacturés, un enjeu pour la protection de la société. : Le cas de la protection juridique des travailleurs." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM3074/document.
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Dans le cadre d'un projet de recherche proposé par l'Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité (INRS), cette thèse aborde les nanomatériaux manufacturés (NMM) sous l'angle philosophique à la recherche des conditions de possibilité d'une protection juridique efficace et évolutive, des travailleurs en industrie de production et d'utilisation de ces objets. Les NMM sont des objets fondamentalement nouveaux, polémiques et polymorphes avec des propriétés souvent inédites.La première partie de la thèse rend compte des problèmes spécifiques à la production de normes dans l'expérience humaine, plus précisément des normes juridiques sur le travail, puisque ces problèmes impactent les possibilités d'une qualification juridique des NMM et par voie de conséquence la protection des travailleurs. La deuxième partie fait un état des connaissances sur les NMM afin d'identifier les difficultés propres à l'objet, dans la mesure où une connaissance stabilisée est nécessaire à une qualification juridique. La troisième partie propose d'analyser l'activité de travail comme enchâssement de débats de normes qui construisent en amont un monde qualifié par rapport à des choix de vie qui se manifestent sous forme de normes antécédentes, et a fortiori sous la forme de normes juridiques dans l'activité. La thèse considère les NMM à la fois comme des objets d'études pour les sciences de la matière, dont ils sont issus, et comme des objets des sciences humaines et sociales, entendues comme sciences de l'Homme en activité. Ainsi notre apport se retrouve dans l'analyse de l'activité comme outil de maïeutique, source d'une communication entre les différents acteurs de ce domaineIn the frame of a research project proposed by the French National Institute of Research and Security (INRS), this thesis approaches manufactured nanomaterials (MNM) from the point of view of a philosophical inquiry into the conditions of possiblity of an efficacious and progressive juridical protection of workers in the industry of manufacturing and of the usage of these materials. The MNM are fundamentally new, controversial and often polymorphic objects, with unique properties.The first part of the thesis reports on specific problems in the production of standards in human experience, specifically legal labor standards, since these issues impact the possibilities of a legal characterization of MNM and consequently the protection of workers. The second part proposes an assessment of the state of knowledge concerning the MNM in order to identify the difficulties proper to the material, considering consolidated knowledge is necessary for any qualification in terms of Law.The third part attempts to analyze the activity of work as a grounding of the debate on standards which, from the outset, constructs a world qualified in relation to life choices that become manifest in the shape of already existing standards and a fortiori in the shape of legal standards within the activity of work.This thesis considers MNM as both the object of study for the science of Matter, from which they have sprung, and the object of the social and human sciences, understood as the science of Man in activity. Thus our contribution is to be found within the analysis of the activity as a maieutic implement, and therefore a source of communication between the different actors in this domain
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Райко, Валентина Федорівна, Євгеній Олександрович Семенов, and Олександр Григорович Янчик. "Культура безпеки праці та менеджмент." Thesis, НТУ "ХПІ", 2017. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/33464.
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Liu, Yafei. "La protection des travailleurs en Chine." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM1099/document.
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L'économie chinoise a connu une croissance économique importante depuis 30 ans, mais celle-ci n'a pas bénéficié aux travailleurs chinois, qui supportent toujours des conditions de travail très éprouvantes, avec un niveau de protection très insuffisant. Pourquoi les travailleurs chinois ne profitent-ils pas de ce développement économique ? Les causes sont multiples : outre le facteur démographique, la recherche prioritaire des intérêts économiques constitue la raison principale. Pourquoi faut-il améliorer la protection des travailleurs en Chine ? Et par quels moyens cette amélioration peut-elle se produire ? La thèse montre, d'une part, l'évolution et les mouvements de la classe ouvrière dans l'histoire chinoise, en comparant sa situation avant et après 1949, et les raisons, historiques et politiques, qui ont conduit le gouvernement chinois à négliger la protection des travailleurs, bien que ces derniers aient bénéficié d'une place privilégiée dans le système communiste. D'autre part, sont envisagés les moyens, politiques et législatifs, pour initier l'amélioration de cette protection. Pour cela, une réforme politique serait la solution radicale, impliquant une démocratisation à long terme et mettant l'accent sur la protection des droits de l'homme, et sur les droits des travailleurs en particulier Ce qui suppose notamment que soit garantie l'indépendance des syndicats. La protection des travailleurs est donc indissociable de la construction de l'Etat de DroitChinese economy has made significant progress for more than thirty years, but the Chinese laborers still benefit very little from the economic growth, who have to endure difficult working conditions with insufficient working protection. Why can the Chinese laborers not profit from the economic development? The pursuit for the economic interests as the highest priority is the main cause in addition to a large population. Why must the laborers' working protection be improved? By what means can this working protection be improved? This paper describes the history of the development of Chinese working class and workers' movement, especially the difference between before and after 1949 and analyzes the reasons why the Chinese government ignored the workers' protection from the point of history and politics, even the working class has preferential position in the Communist system. On the other, it analyzes the ways to improving the laborers' protection from the political and judicial points of view. In the long term, the political reform is the fundamental approach, which means the democracy and the protection of human rights, especially protecting the legitimate rights and interests of workers, which requires guaranteeing the independence of trade unions. The protection of workers' rights cannot be separated from the realization of a state under the rule of law as well