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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Labor market – Soviet Union'
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1
Kragh, Martin. "Exit and voice dynamics : an empirical study of the Soviet labour market, 1940-1960s." Doctoral thesis, Handelshögskolan i Stockholm, Samhällsekonomi (S), 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hhs:diva-1483.
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Svensson, Bengt. "Seven Years That Shook Economic and Social Thinking : Reflections on the Revolution in Communist Economics 1985-1991." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Ekonomisk-historiska institutionen, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-8353.
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The main theme of this study is to analyze the Soviet economic theoretical debate in the period 1985 – 1991. This period of reconstruction gave possibilities of a more free debate. In the period up to 1989/90 the directive from the Central Committee of the Communist Party was to defend the socialist economic system and its supremacy over market economics. However, certain market economic ideas were deemed as functioning methods also in a planned economic system. One of the conclusions in this thesis is that the Soviet economists failed to solve some central theoretical problems in the Soviet economy and as consequence their thinking failed to have a stabilizing effect on the socialist economic theory. The Achilles heel was how to apply the labour theory of value on a planned economy. In 1990 and 1991 the discussion was very free and now a transition to market economy was accepted by the economists. The main issue between the Soviet economists became now whether a gradual transition to market economy was to be preferred to shock therapy. The majority of the economists recommended a gradual transition. Scholars have emphasized that old stationary structures are important in Russian and Soviet history. A conclusion in this thesis is that such structures seemed to have played a role in Soviet and Russian theoretical thinking in the period 1985 – 1991.
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ZAVAKOU, Alkistis. "How labour market institutions in European welfare capitalisms affect labour market transitions." Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/1814/61309.
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Defence date: 22 February 2019Examining Board: Prof. Hans-Peter Blossfeld, European University Institute (Supervisor); Prof. François Rycx, ULB (Co-Supervisor); Prof. Anton Hemerick, European University Institute; Prof. Manos Matsaganis, Politecnico di Milano
Despite the large body of literature on labour market institutions and their effects on employment and unemployment, large gaps remain. This thesis sheds a new light to the old problem of labour market institutional design and labour market performance. It examines how labour market institutions in different European models of capitalism affect labour market transitions. It does so by employing an advanced econometric method: an event history analysis, estimating a piecewise constant exponential model. Longitudinal data are employed from three different national datasets (the German Socioeconomic Panel (GSOEP), the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS) and the Italian Survey “Famiglia e soggetti sociali”) for the period 1990–2009. The effects of labour market institutions are estimated both at a country-level and at a comparative, pooled-country-level to increase the degrees of freedom and the variability in the independent variables. The empirical evidence suggests that institutions indeed have a significant effect on labour market transitions and this effect differs largely among different models of capitalisms, corroborating the Varieties of Capitalism approach. In accordance with the latter, the importance of non-pecuniary institutions such as trade union power, trade union fragmentation and wage bargaining is re-affirmed and substantial labour market institutional complementarities are found. This thesis advocates for an optimal, strictly positive and intermediate level of EPL in all countries; an unemployment insurance contingent on strict conditionality and high activation; while the optimal level and system of wage bargaining are found to depend crucially on the trade union power as well as trade union coordination and fragmentation. Trade union fragmentation is found to reduce all labour market transitions and have a negative effect on labour market performance.
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Bingle, Jean C. "Labor for bread the exploitation of Polish labor in the Soviet Union during World War II /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 1999. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=630.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 1999.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains iv, 242 p. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 236-242).
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Girard, Françoise. "Labour incentive problems in Soviet agriculture : the small autonomous work group in the socialized and private sectors." Thesis, McGill University, 1988. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61854.
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Barnett, Vincent. "At the margins of the market : conceptions of the market and market economics in Soviet economic theory during the new economic policy, 1921-1929." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1992. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2162/.
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The period of the New Economic Policy was a time when the Bolshevik government was forced to reconsider its attitude towards the market, as NEP involved the introduction of market elements into Soviet society. This thesis is a comparative study of eleven Soviet economic theorists from this period; Bukharin, Preobrazhenskii, Strumilin, Bazarov, Groman, Kondrat'ev, Oparin, Sokol'nikov, Yurovskii, Chayanov, and Blyumin. It asks two basic questions: how did each theorist conceive of the market, and how did they relate this conception to socialism? The primary source material used is the works of these theorists, and in many cases this material has not been previously discussed by scholars. A theoretical framework places these conceptions into a historical context. The basic result obtained is that there were many diverse conceptions of the market prevalent in this period. The bulk of the thesis investigates these various conceptions, and suggests that their theoretical roots lie in various currents of economic thought: classical, neo-classical, Marxist, and socialist. During NEP these currents were allowed to mix freely to a certain extent, although pressure to censor them began to build towards the end of the 1920s.
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Kim, Byung-Yeon. "Fiscal policy and consumer market : disequilibrium in the Soviet Union, 1965-1989." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.319109.
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Forsén, Sven Johan Richard. "Investigating Swedish Trade Unions’ Labor Market Preferences: the role of union member labor market risk exposure and the white-collar/blue-collar union divide." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-380569.
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In the literature on the emergence of the welfare state, the strength of trade unions and the organized working class is often touted as the primary driving force behind the welfare state project. Furthermore, much of the previous literature has tended to assume union homogeneity across countries, federations, industries and professions. What is conspicuously lacking from the current political science literature is a systematic analysis of real-world trade unions’ choice of labor market advocacy focus. Using a qualitative approach and studying both published union material as well as conducting a number of elite interviews with high-level union officials, this thesis studies the degree to which Swedish trade unions’ labor market policy preferences are defined by the union members’ labor market risk exposure and whether the union adheres to white-collar or blue-collar unionism. While the conclusions indeed suggest that labor market risk and blue-collar/white-collar unionism do have a systematic impact on cartain aspects of trade unions’ labor market advocacy, future “large N” studies utilizing alternative methodological approaches will be required to draw more easily generalizable conclusions.
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Pavlova, Olga. "Effects of transitional policies on labor market outcomes fifteen years after transition the case of Ukraine and Lithuania /." unrestricted, 2006. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-12032006-162541/.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Georgia State University, 2006.Title from title screen. Julie L. Hotchkiss, committee chair; Dawn M. Baunach, Erdal Tekin, Jorge L. Martinez-Vazquez, Bruce E. Kaufman, committee members. Electronic text (177 p.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed June 19, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 171-176).
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Karras, Anne, and Monika Morina. "Trade union strategies for labor market integration of refugee immigrants in Sweden." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för socialt arbete och psykologi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-21144.
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Sweden’s social and labor policy have been influenced by strong labor movements. The role of trade unions is of significance, when speaking of labor market integration of refugee immigrants. This study aimed to examine how the Swedish Trade Union Confederation, LO, supports integration of refugee immigrants on the Swedish labor market. Through semi-structured interviews with representatives from LO, reasons of exclusion of refugee immigrants from the labor market, strategies to integrate refugee immigrants on the labor market and current policies regarding integration of refugee immigrants, were investigated. The empirical data was analyzed using theoretical frameworks of social exclusion, empowerment and Esping-Andersen’s categorization of welfare state regimes. According to the LO representatives, refugee immigrants are excluded from the Swedish labor market due to reasons such as lack of language skills, discriminatory unemployment and segregated housing conditions. The results show that there is a lack of strategies used by LO to integrate refugee immigrants on the labor market, although elements of providing information and forms of influence for conscientizing and empowerment have been identified. Removing administrative barriers combined with protection of collective agreements and the solidary welfare state system are identified as important for a successful integration on the labor market. The findings are related to the shift of Sweden’s welfare state, from a universal to a more liberal one.
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Wu, Xin. "The European Union labor market :opportunities and challenges from the Eastern enlargement." Thesis, University of Macau, 2018. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3953684.
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Sanner, Helge. "Imperfect goods and labor markets, and the union wage gap." Universität Potsdam, 2005. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2006/651/.
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Existing theoretical literature fails to explain satisfactorily the differences between the pay of workers that are covered by collective agreements and others who are not. This study aims at providing a model framework which is amenable for an analysis of this issue. Our general-equilibrium approach integrates a dual labor market and a two-sector product market. The results suggest that the so-called 'union wage gap' is largely determined by the degree of centralization of the bargains, and, to a somewhat lesser extent, by the expenditure share of the unionized sector's goods.
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Chen, Ping Harris Kathleen Mullan Guo Guang. "Assimilation processes of immigrants and their descendants college education, union formation, and labor market outcomes /." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2007. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,1034.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2007.Title from electronic title page (viewed Mar. 27, 2008). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Sociology." Discipline: Sociology; Department/School: Sociology.
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Liu, Wei. "Economic transitions to market economy : a comparative study on economic reform proposals in China and the former Soviet Union." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1994. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2987/.
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The 1980s and 1990s are historical periods of economic reforms in both China and the former Soviet Union. Comparative study of principal proposals of economic reform and transformation in the two countries in this period is the subject of this thesis. There are five main chapters excluding the introduction. Chapter 2 is the theoretical framework of the thesis which is based on essential concepts of Comparative Economic System. Before the main theme began, primary economic problems and difficulties in pre-reform periods in China and the former Soviet Union were discussed in Chapter 3. So was a brief review of reform efforts in the past in the two countries. In Chapter 4, major proposals of economic reform in Chinese economy from late 1978 till 1992 were studied. These included reform measures in the rural economy, the opening up policy, state-owned enterprises reform, new policy for non-state sector and comprehensive plans after 1985. Chapter 5 discussed the 1987 reform package, the 1990 reform plans including Presidential Plan and Shatalin Plan. A brief summary of the Russian reform plan in 1991 was also done in this chapter. Chapter 6 is the concluding part of the thesis. The author compared in detail the two cases and drew conclusions as the following: (a) Both Chinese and Soviet reformers designed the transformation from centralised planning control to decentralised market-oriented economy; (b) The structures of the existing economic system, i.e., decision--making, information, motivation and ownership structures, required various degrees of alteration in the two countries. Soviet reformers called for massive destatisation and privatisation of the state-owned undertakings, while China insisted on a structure with predominant state-owned enterprises; (c) The economic reforms strategies in the two countries are different.
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Prince, Barbara F. "Sexual Minorities and Social Context: An Examination of Union Formation, Labor Market Outcomes, and Coming Out." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1530121583412651.
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Raddatz, Liv. "BETWEEN CONTINUITY AND CHANGE: EXPLORING POLISH MIGRANTS' EXPERIENCES IN THE LABOR MARKET OF BERLIN, GERMANY." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2015. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/324151.
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GeographyPh.D.
The European migration context has changed drastically in recent years because of the eastward enlargements of the European Union (EU) in 2004 and 2007. Almost all citizens of the 28 EU member states now have the right to live and work in any of the other EU countries. The demise of borders and removal of formal labor market access restrictions within the EU has spurred substantial east to west migration. This dissertation explored how recent and more established Polish migrants experience and navigate the labor market in Berlin, Germany, given these recent regulatory changes. The study focused in particular on the role of Polish migrants' social ties as well as regulatory and institutional factors. The research involved six months of fieldwork in Berlin that resulted in 44 in-depth interviews with Polish migrants and key informants. The interviews not only gave insights into how Polish migrants integrate into Berlin's labor market but also shed light on the reasons for their migration and various other aspects of their lives. The most striking finding of the study is that Poles have not formed a cohesive community in the city and commonly experience co-ethnic social ties as a "social tax", rather than sources of social capital. The study suggests that a number of national policies as well as Berlin's geographic proximity help explain the absence of a unified and supportive Polish community in the city. Another key finding of the study is that Polish migrants are commonly channeled into irregular, precarious and even exploitive work arrangements in Berlin, especially in the domestic service, hospitality and construction sector. They continue to face a range of informal barriers that push many of them into the margins of Berlin's labor market, despite the abolishment of formal labor market access restrictions.
Temple University--Theses
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Opdahl, Ingerid Maria. "Mutually supportive? : the Russian state and Russian energy companies in the post-Soviet region, 1992-2012." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2016. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6548/.
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This thesis investigates relations between five Russian energy companies – RAO UES/Inter RAO (electricity), Minatom/Rosatom (nuclear energy), Lukoil (oil), Transneft (oil pipelines) and Gazprom (gas) – and the Russian state from 1992 to 2012, with particular regard to state-company interaction over Russian foreign policy and companies’ activities in the post-Soviet region. The argument is that, due to the institutional legacies of the Soviet system, state-company interaction over foreign policy and energy operations abroad was part of their interaction over the Russian state’s institutional development. The study is based on the conceptual framework of social orders developed by North, Wallis and Weingast (NWW). State-company relations are seen to vary according to their informality and formality, and how closely the companies, and their rent streams, are tied to the state and the ruling coalition, or regime. The thesis concludes that the institutions that structure companies’ relations with the Russian state at home make them more or less available as foreign policy tools. In particular, domestic state-company relations influence the companies’ role in maintaining post-Soviet energy dependence on Russia. The thesis highlights the energy companies’ importance for state infrastructural power, and for the durability of Russia’s authoritarian regime.
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IBANEZ, GARZARAN Zyab Luis. "Access to non-vulnerable part-time employment in the Netherlands, Spain and the UK, with special reference to the school and local government sectors." Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/12002.
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Defence date: 14 December 2007Examining board: Professor Colin Crouch, University of Warwick (EUI Supervisor); Professor Ramón Ramos Torre, Universidad Complutense; Professor Martin Rhodes, University of Denver; Professor Jelle Visser, Universiteit van Amsterdam
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digital archive of EUI PhD theses
A large part of the literature on part-time employment stresses that this form of employment contract is the result of employers’ strategies and female employees who need to reconcile work and family life. However, the growth in the number of employees sharing employment and other paid or unpaid interests expands the range and significance of working-time issues. This dissertation claims that where regulation and implementation of working-time transitions are favourable to part-time employment, part-time is likely to expand to more diverse categories of workers than those for whom it was originally intended ( i.e. mothers with caring responsibilities). The research follows a case-oriented comparative approach that draws on documentary information and a total of 48 in-depth interviews with actors’ representatives at three levels: national, sector (education and local government) and organizational, in the UK, the Netherlands and Spain. Initiated in different moments in time, the regulation of working-time transitions appears to follow a similar staged path in the three countries, although the wider institutional context affecting part-time and the active support of main actors varies for each country, especially at the organizational level. In the Dutch case, part-time regulation started off as a mechanism to enable the employment of women with caring responsibilities and, from there, it evolved towards a wider understanding of workingtime flexibility, extending the right to work part-time to other categories of employees. Given the pioneering role of the Netherlands in this area, it could be argued that both the UK and Spain have been following the Dutch example although with different degrees of success. In the Netherlands, after two decades of active support to part-time, there is still a big gender gap among part-timers, and in many sectors and occupations employees face difficulties to change their working hours; still, the general trend seems to be that access to part-time is becoming easier at more sector and occupational levels, in a context where organizations, already facing short full-time working weeks and high percentages of part-time, have been learning to decouple business hours from the different duration of the employees’ shifts. The need to design clear-cut coordination mechanisms that guarantee the steadiness of the service and the 'standardisation' of handing-over procedures, have helped to accept a variety of working-time arrangements. This capacity to dissociate organisations’ operative time from employees’ working hours is also present in British and Spanish 24-hour services, what has favoured exceptional good part-time jobs. However, the political efforts to promote part-time in Spain and the UK are confronted with serious obstacles, their segmented labour forces among them. The long-hours culture in both Spain and the UK, together with the high proportion of temporary contracts in the Spanish case, are the most visible signs of the structural difficulties these two countries face to achieve working-time flexi-curity. In the three countries, there are no clear links between long hours and productivity levels, and the processess that lead to more transparent assessments of work performance seem to facilitate working-time flexibility beyond standard full-time employment contracts. Certainly, different commitments and compromises need to be achieved between conflicting demands and interests about how employees use their own time, but this thesis argues that part-time may help to soften the conflicts between the specialization and hierarchy requirements of the social division of labour and individuals’ time-use autonomy.
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Osipova, Zinaida. "Engineering a Soviet Life: Gustav Trinkler's Bourgeois Revolution." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1588365551985983.
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Russell, John. "The role of socialist competition in establishing labour discipline in the Soviet working class, 1928-1934." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1987. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/1290/.
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Between 1928 and 1934 Soviet society experienced what amounted to two industrial revolutions: the adaptation of a largely non-industrial working population to industry and the introduction of new technologies and methods of management. These radical changes inevitably gave rise to problems of labour discipline, expressed most graphically in soaring rates of labour turnover and absenteeism. These problems were exacerbated by the pace, intensity and scope of Soviet industrialisation and by the social policies that accompanied this drive. As in any such process these problems had to be tackled by utilising a blend of measures based on compulsion, conviction and incentive. The present work examines the blend employed by the Soviet regime during the period under review to stimulate, in the shortest possible time scale, a general will for industrialisation and, having established that will and destroyed opposition to it, channel the energies thus generated into the desired directions. The distinctive element in this blend is identified as socialist competition, which the regime utilised to stimulate support for and stifle opposition to industrialisation, and, subsequently, to raise work skills to the level required by the modern industry being constructed. Moreover, socialist competition allowed the regime to implement a management system geared to the maximum priority of production interests, while preserving a commitment, albeit in abstract terms, to the concept of a workers' state.
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Prodromidou, Alexandra. "Russian foreign energy policy conduct in the oil and gas sectors : a case study of the Caspian region 1991-2008." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2011. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3151/.
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This thesis explores the continuities and change in the conduct of Russian foreign policy in the Caspian region in the period 1991-2008 with the central focus set on the inclusion of energy both as a tool and one of the main targets of Russian foreign policy during the Putin administration. More specifically it looks at the impact that the choice to establish Russia as an energy superpower based mainly on its oil and gas sectors during this period had on the conduct of Russian foreign policy in the Caspian region. The central research question is how Russian oil and gas companies are used as foreign policy tools in the conduct of Russian foreign energy policy within the current foreign energy policy framework and to what end. The argument of this thesis is based on the hypothesis that the Russian state uses its oil and gas companies in order to infiltrate the Central Asian energy markets and assert its economic hegemony in the region through a web of legal and contractual monopolies aiming at maintaining Russia’s economic hegemony in the Caspian and contributing to one of Russia’s main energy policy priority of becoming an influential player in the global energy markets.
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Betti, Thierry. "Fiscal policy and the labor market in the Euro area : multiplier, spillover effects and fiscal federalism." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAB010/document.
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Cette thèse contribue aux travaux récents sur les effets de la politique budgétaire à court terme sur l'économie. Plus précisément, sont étudiés dans cette thèse trois principaux aspects de la politique budgétaire à court terme. Premièrement, un des messages principaux consiste à dire que l'impact de la politique budgétaire sur l'économie dépend fortement de l'instrument fiscal utilisé. Augmenter les transferts aux ménages, augmenter l'investissement public ou diminuer les cotisations patronales sur les salaires produisent des effets fort différents sur les variables macroéconomiques clefs et notamment sur le niveau d'activité. Deuxièmement, au delà des effets sur l'activité économique, une large partie de cette thèse analyse l'impact de chocs budgétaires sur le marché du travail. Un des principaux résultats est qu'il paraît délicat de traduire des multiplicateurs sur l'activité en multiplicateurs sur le chômage, notamment à cause de la réponse de l'offre de travail.Troisièmement, nous savons que de multiples facteurs influencent la taille du multiplicateur budgétaire. Deux de ces éléments sont abordés dans cette thèse : la position de l'économie sur le cycle économique et la réponse de la politique monétaire. Les deux premiers chapitres de la thèse analysent ces différents aspects dans un cadre d'économie fermée. Les deux derniers chapitres traitent de la politique budgétaire en union monétaire en analysant les effets de débordement entre États membres ainsi que les capacités stabilisatrices de mécanismes de transferts budgétaires entre États membres afin d'amortir les chocs conjoncturelsThis thesis aims at contributing to the recent studies which investigate the short-run effects of fiscal policy on economic activity. More precisely, three main aspects of fiscal policy in the short run are analyzed. First, one major message is that the impact of fiscal policy on the economy depends strongly on the fiscal instrument used by the government. Rising transfers to households, increasing public investment or cutting social protection tax trigger very different effects on key macroeconomic variables and especially on output. Second, one large part of this thesis is dedicated to the analysis of the effects of fiscal policy shocks on the labor market. One main result is that we cannot determine unemployment fiscal multipliers according to the value of the output fiscal multiplier, especially because of the response of the labor force participation to fiscal policy shocks. Third, this is well-known that many elements influence the size of the output fiscal multiplier. Two of these elements are considered throughout this thesis: the position of the economy over the business cycle and the behavior of the monetary policy. The two first chapters of this thesis analyze these different aspects in some closed economy models. The two last chapters extend this study at the case of a monetary union by investigating the spillover effects of fiscal policy between member states but also the stabilizing properties of fiscal transfer mechanisms between member states in order to soften cyclical shocks
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Köllen, Thomas. "European Disintegration: Tendencies of Renationalization within the European Union and its Impact on the Common Labor Market and EU Consumer Markets." Common Ground Publishing LLC, 2012. http://epub.wu.ac.at/3516/1/Koellen_%2D_European_Disintegration.pdf.
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Starting in 1952 with Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, and West Germany as the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), the European Union (EU) successively enlarged to 27 member states in 2011. Since 2004, 10 Eastern European countries have joined the EU and, at the time of writing, five countries still have official EU candidate status and may join the EU in the near future. The permanent enlargement of the EU has led, and continues to lead, to social, cultural, economic, and linguistic pluralization and heterogenization and, more and more, causes a feeling of alienation among EU citizens. This comes along with a reduced willingness to share power, labor, and money among EU states, provokes tendencies of renationalization, and the resurgence of national thinking and acting. In the European common labor market these tendencies are attended by emerging exclusive nationalistic working climates and therefore undermine the formal freedom of movement for workers within the EU. In the European markets for consumer products (especially for food) these tendencies are reflected in augmented efforts that are undertaken to accentuate the national origin of domestic products. Empirical data of several EU member states will be analyzed and discussed. As a case study, the actual nationalistic tendencies of the Austrian consumer market will be parsed and integrated in a broader European picture. (author's abstract)
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Brewer, Michael Meyer. "Varlam Šalamov's Kolymskie rasskazy the problem of ordering /." Tucson, Ariz. : University of Arizona, 1995. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu_etd_mr0033_1_m.pdf&type=application/pdf.
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Chen, Natalie. "Essays in empirical international economics: the case of european product and labour market integration." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211601.
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Schwabová, Petra. "Analýza vlivu minimální mzdy na nezaměstnanost a její vývoj v ČR a ve vybraných státech EU v letech 2000 - 2015." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-262320.
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This thesis analyzes minimum wage, its development, determination and influence on increasing or decreasing of employment in the Czech rebublic and in the other countries of European union. It starts with determination of theoretical background of minimum wage, economical models that deals with the impact of minimum wage on employment and czech and foreign papers concerning relevant topic. In the analytical part, the thesis concerns characteristics of the system of minimum wages in particular countries of European union and their comparison. In the last part of the thesis, econometrical model was done. The aim was to find out if any of determined variables have impact on total unemployment rate in the Czech republic. Model was performed with statistical data from 2000 to 2015. The impact of some variables was proved, for example number of university graduates that have negative influence on total employment in the Czech republic.
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Kennedy, John. "Minding their own business : an ethnographic study of entrepreneurship in Putin's Russia." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2017. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7305/.
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Russian entrepreneurs have long faced considerable difficulties. While much is known about what these difficulties are, less is known about how entrepreneurs respond to them, what it is like to be an entrepreneur under these circumstances and why they bother in the first place. In this thesis I address these questions by conducting a multi-sited ethnography within three small Siberian enterprises, observing the directors as they conduct their everyday business. I find that these entrepreneurs all resent their vulnerable position in the political economy but that they have developed a capacity to survive or thrive in spite of the obstacles and threats they encounter. This capacity, I argue, is less a consequence of their commercial acumen than their understanding of what can be achieved given their particular circumstances, their knowledge that business-state relations take an informal, personalised form, and their preparedness to resist predatory outsiders. This leads me to reconsider the meaning of entrepreneurship in the Russian context. Furthermore, my informants’ agency presents a challenge to the idea in predominant political economic theories that the Russian state dominates the private sector. I therefore reconceptualise business-state relations using Douglass C. North et al’s Limited Access Order theory in combination with my empirical materials. This provides a more accurate theory that accepts the pre-eminent role of the state in the political economy while accommodating the agency displayed by my informants.
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Mendes, Danilo Lucena. "Ação sindical no contexto de avanço e consolidação da terceirização: um estudo sobre o SINDEEPRES." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8132/tde-22032019-112544/.
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A regulamentação da terceirização pela lei 13.429 de 2017 consolidou o forte avanço desse tipo de vínculo empregatício no mercado de trabalho brasileiro. Demandada desde os anos 1960 por setores da administração pública, a subcontratação de mão de obra por empresa interposta cresceu lentamente nas décadas seguintes em algumas atividades dos setores de comércio e serviços, chegando de modo avassalador, nos anos 1990, ao setor industrial. Desse modo, a terceirização passou a abranger uma importante parcela do mercado de trabalho formal, pois, no final dos anos 2000, já representava cerca de 30% dele. Essa transformação do mercado de trabalho impactou o contexto da ação sindical, de modo geral. O surgimento de uma massa de trabalhadores terceirizados cobrou representatividade pelo sindicalismo nacional. Nesta dissertação, refletimos acerca de alguns impactos da terceirização no sindicalismo brasileiro por meio da consideração sobre a trajetória de um sindicato de trabalhadores terceirizados, o SINDEEPRES (Sindicato dos Empregados em Empresas de Prestação de Serviços a Terceiros, Colocação e Administração de Mão de Obra, Trabalho Temporário, Leitura de Medidores e Entrega de Avisos do Estado de São Paulo.) a maior organização de interesses dos trabalhadores desse segmento no Estado de São Paulo. Como esse sindicato apresentava uma taxa de sindicalização incomum (30%), desafiando a bibliografia sobre o tema, estabelecemos como objetivo principal compreender sua ação sindical, uma vez que essa engloba o fenômeno da filiação. No decorrer da pesquisa, o SINDEEPRES revelou-se como uma entidade poderosa. Mostrou-se articulada com os interesses políticos e econômicos que estiveram engajados para legalizar a terceirização. No contorno da ação desse sindicato ganha destaque o auxílio prestado aos trabalhadores filiados por meio da oferta de serviços e de proteção jurídica. Contudo, a pronunciada estratégia cooperativa que mantém com o sindicato patronal é o que melhor qualifica o perfil da atuação do SINDEEPRES. Essa relação constitui-se em fonte de poder decisiva para a realização dos interesses desse sindicato de trabalhadores terceirizados.The outsourcing regulation by law 13.429 of 2017 bolstered the growth of that sort of employment relationship in Brazilian labor market. Since 1960s, public administration has been demanding subcontracting, which slowly expanded in the following decades over certain activities in commerce and services sector, disastrously reaching industrial sector. Nevertheless, outsourcing begun to include a meaningful share of formal labor market, representing around 30% of that by the end of 2000s. Overall, such adjustment had further impact over the work of trade unions for the emergence of massive outsource employees sought for national representability. Therefore, in this master thesis deals with consequences of outsourcing over Brazilian trade unions by analyzing the path of a trade union for outsource employees named SINDEEPRES (Trade union for representing employees of outsourcing, labor placement, temporary job, meter reading and delivery of notifications companies in São Paulo state.) the largest organization to support that labor segment in São Paulo state. As SINDEEPRES unionization rate was uncommon (of 30%), challenging the bibliography on the theme, our main goal was to understand its syndical action, since that embraces the phenomenon of affiliation. Our investigation has shown that SINDEEPRES is a powerful organization, which is interconnected with political and economic interests engaged in legalizing subcontracting. Regarding its syndical action, we highlighted the assistance offered to affiliated workers through services and legal protection. Nevertheless, the cooperative strategy between SINDEEPRES and the employer union is the most striking feature of SINDEEPRES action profile, consisting of the major power source for achieving its interests.
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Kallabis, Rita Petra. "Politicas de emprego na União Europeia (1995-2007) : a Europa social, uma uma utopia." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/285640.
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Orientador: Jose Dari KreinDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia
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Resumo: Em meados da década de 1970 rompeu-se o padrão de desenvolvimento estabelecido no período do pós-guerra, um padrão expresso na construção dos Estados de Bem Estar Social, estes pautados pela inclusão social e pela promoção de maior justiça distributiva. Este rompimento deslanchou abertamente uma dupla crise, econômica e social. Pergunta-se: Quais as respostas que a União Européia deu a esta crise com a qual se instalaram o crescimento econômico lento e oscilante, o desemprego em massa e a precarização dos mercados de trabalho? E qual o significado destas respostas na busca por um novo padrão de desenvolvimento, como modelo social europeu? Procura-se por respostas, analisando-se a Estratégia Europeia para o Emprego (EEE), lançada em 1994, incluída no ano de 2000 na Estratégia Europeia para Emprego e o Crescimento (Estratégia de Lisboa) e afunilada em 2007 no projeto da Flexicurity. Discutindo-se as Políticas de Emprego contidas nestas estratégias, percebe-se um conflito de objetivos. De um lado, encontram-se elementos que as revelam como instrumentos de uma política econômica guiada pela visão liberal-conservadora que pressiona pela desregulação e flexibilização do mercado de trabalho, este último novamente visto como lócus para a resolução de problemas sociais mais amplos. Ao mesmo tempo, entretanto, essas políticas procuram inserir na regulação europeia elementos constitutivos dos Estados de Bem Estar Social nacionais. Mostra-se, então, como o projeto de integração europeia via mercado é contrabalançado socialmente pela força de resistência dos sistemas de proteção social construídos no período anterior, sem que se percebam indicadores da construção de uma nova utopia civilizadora que possa enraizar socialmente o capitalismo em seu estágio atual, desenfreado e predador. Conclui-se, apesar do discurso político contrário, que a União Européia não logrou e pouco tentou construir um novo modelo de desenvolvimento econômico e social. De fato, as Políticas de Emprego seguem a orientação liberal-conservadora voltada à adaptação econômica ao capitalismo globalizado, caracterizado pela concorrência exacerbada.
Abstract: After the Second World War was installed a model of development which highest expression was the construction of the social Welfare States, lined by social inclusion and promotion of major distributive justice. In middle of the 1970, this model was disrupted in a process that out righted a double-faced crisis, economic and social. That crisis induced decades of slow and unstable growth raised mass unemployment and provoked labour marked precarisation. What was the European Unions answer? And what is the signification of that answer while looking for a new model of development, like an European social model? Responses are looked for by analysing the European Employment Strategy (EES), launched in 1994, included in 2000 in the European Strategy for Growth and Employment (Lisbon Strategy) e splayed in 2007 in the project of Flexicurity. The Employment Policies contained in that strategies bear a conflict of interests: There are elements thatched to the instruments of liberal-conservative economic policy.
Mestrado
Economia Social e do Trabalho
Mestre em Desenvolvimento Econômico
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Yalcin, Zeki. "Facklig gränspolitik : Landsorganisationens invandrings- och invandrarpolitik 1946 - 2009." Doctoral thesis, Örebro universitet, Akademin för humaniora, utbildning och samhällsvetenskap, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-11264.
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This thesis concerns the trade union reaction to immigration as a phenomenon and toimmigrants as a labour force on the Swedish labour market. It concerns trade union politicsregarding immigration and immigrants, from the political decision taken in 1946 to recruitworkers from other countries because of the labour shortage in Sweden, to 2009 when theconflict in the Swedish town of Vaxholm, that was a consequence of the EU’s expansion to theeast and which received such enormous attention in the Swedish media, was given its finalverdict and the continued existence of the “Swedish model” was placed under question. Thestudy focuses on the labour movement’s central trade union organisation in Sweden, in otherwords the Swedish Trade Union Confederation (Landsorganisationen, or LO as it is commonlyabbreviated in Sweden).The basis for the thesis has been that the process of immigration must naturally in the longterm lead to the addition of workers on the labour market, and consequently increasedcompetition amongst workers. The question has been how the interest organisation LO, whoseprimary mission is to protect the wage rates and social conditions for its members, and whichhas the restriction of competition as an overriding strategy, would handle the phenomenon ofimmigration and the existence of immigrants as a labour force on the Swedish labour marketand within the trade union movement, during the course of the study. The choice of LO as afundamental starting point for the study, being as it is an interest organisation with the shorttermobjective of protecting its members’ interests, but also given the organisation’s more longtermobjectives of being an important actor on the labour market and within society, hasinfluenced the choice of the thesis’ central theoretical concepts; strategy, restriction ofcompetition, calculability, power and hegemony. This very starting point, but also the natureof the source materials and a reflection over the immigration process (from immigration toimmigrant workers on the labour market and finally to trade union members), has meant that Ihave chosen to structure the thesis and present my findings based on three different problemareas. I have chosen to refer to these problem areas as boundaries, there LO have dealt withvarious problems concerning the phenomena of immigration and immigrants on the Swedishlabour market, as well as problems related to some of its own members having foreignbackgrounds. These boundaries consist firstly of an outer boundary that is a physicalboundary, coincident with national boundaries and influencing immigration politics, there LOwas able to consider the scope of the immigration process and make calculations about whatthe resultant addition of new workers, that is a natural consequence of the immigrationprocess, would mean for the labour market. Secondly an inner boundary, that encompasses thelabour market but is more transparent to members of society and influences immigrant politics,there LO was able to consider the terms and conditions that should be made available to theimmigrant workers, in general within society and in particular on the labour market. Finally aninnermost boundary, encompassing the trade union membership, there LO was able to managethe terms and conditions for the immigrant workers within the trade union movement.The thesis’ overriding objective has been to examine LO’s strategies for these threeboundary areas and to see if there is a coherent pattern behind LO’s actions on these threevarying levels. A more theoretical objective with this thesis has been to examine if the possiblepatterns that would appear in LO’s actions within these three boundary areas, could bediscussed from the perspective of a power structure.
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Prysmakova, Palina. "Public Service Motivation in Public and Nonprofit Service Providers: The Cases of Belarus and Poland." FIU Digital Commons, 2015. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1792.
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The work motivation construct is central to the theory and practice of many social science disciplines. Yet, due to the novelty of validated measures appropriate for a deep cross-national comparison, studies that contrast different administrative regimes remain scarce. This study represents an initial empirical effort to validate the Public Service Motivation (PSM) instrument proposed by Kim and colleagues (2013) in a previously unstudied context. The two former communist countries analyzed in this dissertation—Belarus and Poland— followed diametrically opposite development strategies: a fully decentralized administrative regime in Poland and a highly centralized regime in Belarus. The employees (n = 677) of public and nonprofit organizations in the border regions of Podlaskie Wojewodstwo (Poland) and Hrodna Voblasc (Belarus) are the subjects of study.
Confirmatory factor analysis revealed three dimensions of public service motivation in the two regions: compassion, self-sacrifice, and attraction to public service. The statistical models tested in this dissertation suggest that nonprofit sector employees exhibit higher levels of PSM than their public sector counterparts. Nonprofit sector employees also reveal a similar set of values and work attitudes across the countries. Thus, the study concludes that in terms of PSM, employees of nonprofit organizations constitute a homogenous group that exists atop the administrative regimes.
However, the findings propose significant differences between public sector agencies across the two countries. Contrary to expectations, data suggest that organization centralization in Poland is equal to—or for some items even higher than—that of Belarus. We can conclude that the absence of administrative decentralization of service provision in a country does not necessarily undermine decentralized practices within organizations. Further analysis reveals strong correlations between organization centralization and PSM for the Polish sample. Meanwhile, in Belarus, correlations between organization centralization items and PSM are weak and mostly insignificant.
The analysis indicates other factors beyond organization centralization that significantly impact PSM in both sectors. PSM of the employees in the studied region is highly correlated with their participation in religious practices, political parties, or labor unions as well as location of their organization in a capital and type of social service provided.
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Šulai, Michal. "Analýza příčin nezaměstnanosti mladých ve věku 15-24 let v EU v letech 2000-2015." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-262348.
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The aim of this thesis was to analyze main causes of youth unemployment in countries of European Union. In order to assess main determinants of this negative phenomenon, an econometric model based on panel data was constructed. Source dataset, containing mainly Eurostat data, covers EU-28 countries in the 2000-2014 period. Results of a regression inclined that youth unemployment is effected mainly by overall economic development. Youth unemployment is more sensitive for economic downturns than unemployment in an adult age class. The model also suggested that cuts in payroll taxes and deregulation in the minimum wage legislation could have positive effect on youth employment. Based on the literature, reforms toward more practical and effective education system with elements of dual apprenticeship, could be also a positive step in tackling youth unemployment. However, an econometric-based proof of this hypothesis was not found.
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Kaclíková, Roberta. "Migrácia do vybraných krajín EÚ: Integrácia na trhu práce." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-261973.
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The aim of this master thesis is to analyse the labor market of European Union and its certain countries in relation to the immigration with the backgound of various social welfare models. The paper is analysing the topic of labor market of European Union, integration of immigrants on this market, with focus on economies and labour markets of Sweden, United Kingdom and Germany as countries with high level of immigration that are representing three different social welfare models, such as Nordic model, Liberal model and Conservative model. The main objective of this thesis is the analysis of labor markets in selected countries of the European Union in relation to immigration and their subsequent comparison using the background of different social welfare models. The result is the evaluation of effectivness of the various social models based on statistical data, acquired knowledge and performed comparisons. The thesis is divided into four chapters and contains 13 tables and 8 charts.
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Mourre, Gilles B. P. "Five essays on performance and structural rigidities in European labour markets." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210306.
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The thesis investigates the role of structural rigidities in recent labour market performances in Europe through various and complementary angles in five essays. By structural rigidities, we mean a lasting feature caused by a set of institutions, which prevents a market from operating efficiently. The approach is essentially empirical and macro-economic, while the scope of the analysis is definitely European, which is technically reflected in the use of either euro area aggregates or panels and cross-sections of European countries.Doctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestion
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Veras, Flavia Ribeiro. ""Fábricas da Alegria": o mercado de diversões e a organização do trabalho artístico no Rio de Janeiro e Buenos Aires (1918 - 1945)." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/20595.
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Na presente tese foi historicizado o processo conjunto de formação da identidade dos artistas nos meios de diversão portenhos e cariocas como trabalhadores. Identifica-se a estreita relação entre a capitalização do mercado das diversões no Rio de Janeiro e Buenos Aires com a maior exploração e disciplinarização do artista. Enquanto um estudo de caso, aborda-se peculiaridades do trabalho artístico, como a singular relação entre capital e trabalho e as hierarquias internas da categoria que contrapunham artistas por critérios subjetivos e, como consequência, complexificaram a identificação dos artistas como trabalhadores no geral. Além disso, o mercado artístico é interpretado como um espaço de trabalho inclusivo, apesar de hierarquizado. Os desdobramentos da Crise Mundial de 1929 nas duas cidades acentuaram o uso da tecnologia e popularizaram o rádio e o cinema, meios que levaram a fortes transformações no mercado de trabalho do setor. Em meio a altas taxas de desemprego e precárias condições de trabalho as associações de artistas das duas cidades buscaram se articularam com o Estado para se converterem em sindicatos e pleitear direitos trabalhistas. Enquanto isso, a política da Boa Vizinhança e o OCIAA usavam os mercados de diversões de países latino-americanos como uma das formas fazer valer sua influência no contexto da Segunda Guerra Mundial. Com isso, aumentou o intercâmbio entre artistas e empresários artísticos da América Latina e o mercado hollywoodiano e da Broadway, como também as possibilidades de diálogos e negócios entre os mercados artísticos latino-americanos.
In this present thesis, the identity shaping articulation process of the artists in the means of entertainment of the portenhos and cariocas as workers was historicized. The close relationship between a market capitalization amusement in Rio de Janeiro and Buenos is identified with the artist’s greater exploration and discipline. As a case study, peculiarities of artistic work are discussed, such as the singular relation among capital, labor and the internal hierarchies of the category that opposed artists by subjective criteria and, as a consequence, have complicated the identification of artists as workers in general. Besides, the amusement market is interpreted as an inclusive work space, even though hierarchical. The unfolding of the 1929 World Crisis in the two cities accentuated the use of technology and popularized radio and film, which led to major transformations in the sector's labor market. In the midst of high unemployment rates and precarious working conditions, the associations of artists from both cities sought to articulate with the state to become unions and to claim labor rights. Meanwhile, the Good Neighbor policy and the OCIAA used the amusement markets of Latin American countries as one of the ways to assert their influence in the context of World War II. As a result, there has been an increase in the exchange between artists and entrepreneur in Latin America and the Hollywood and Broadway markets, as well as the possibilities for dialogue and business within Latin American amusement markets.
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Eldridge-Nelson, Allison. "Veil of Protection: Operation Paperclip and the Contrasting Fates of Wernher von Braun and Arthur Rudolph." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1510914308951993.
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Curto, Millet Fabien. "Inflation expectations, labour markets and EMU." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:9187d2eb-2f93-4a5a-a7d6-0fb6556079bb.
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This thesis examines the measurement, applications and properties of consumer inflation expectations in the context of eight European Union countries: France, Germany, the UK, Spain, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands and Sweden. The data proceed mainly from the European Commission's Consumer Survey and are qualitative in nature, therefore requiring quantification prior to use. This study first seeks to determine the optimal quantification methodology among a set of approaches spanning three traditions, associated with Carlson-Parkin (1975), Pesaran (1984) and Seitz (1988). The success of a quantification methodology is assessed on the basis of its ability to match quantitative expectations data and on its behaviour in an important economic application, namely the modelling of wages for our sample countries. The wage equation developed here draws on the theoretical background of the staggered contracts and the wage bargaining literature, and controls carefully for inflation expectations and institutional variables. The Carlson-Parkin variation proposed in Curto Millet (2004) was found to be the most satisfactory. This being established, the wage equations are used to test the hypothesis that the advent of EMU generated an increase in labour market flexibility, which would be reflected in structural breaks. The hypothesis is essentially rejected. Finally, the properties of inflation expectations and perceptions themselves are examined, especially in the context of EMU. Both the rational expectations and rational perceptions hypotheses are rejected. Popular expectations mechanisms, such as the "rule-of-thumb" model or Akerlof et al.'s (2000) "near-rationality hypothesis" are similarly unsupported. On the other hand, evidence is found for the transmission of expert forecasts to consumer expectations in the case of the UK, as in Carroll's (2003) model. The distribution of consumer expectations and perceptions is also considered, showing a tendency for gradual (as in Mankiw and Reis, 2002) but non-rational adjustment. Expectations formation is further shown to have important qualitative features.
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Oosterlinck, Kim. "Sovereign debts in trouble times." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211300.
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MARNIE, Sheila. "The Soviet labour market in transition." Doctoral thesis, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5001.
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Defence date: 3 February 1992Examining board: Prof. A. B. Atkinson (London School of Economics) ; Prof. S. Malle (Università di Verona) ; Prof. A. McAuley (University of Essex) ; Prof. J. Micklewright (European University Institute, supervisor) ; Prof. D.M. Nuti (European Commission, Brussels, supervisor)
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 2017
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Hofmann, Erin Trouth. ""Today everything is backwards" : gender ideology and labor migration in the Republic of Georgia." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2012-08-5934.
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Recent literature on gender and migration demonstrates that gender plays an important role in human mobility. Men and women hold different positions in households and communities, and gender norms both shape migration decisions and are shaped by the migration process. The literature on gender aspects of migration has remained largely separate from the literature that identifies socioeconomic conditions and human capital characteristics that predict migration, leaving open questions of how gender norms and gender ideology in origin countries might interact with socioeconomic conditions to shape migration patterns. I seek to integrate these two areas, clarifying the ways in which performances of gender can influence migration and destination decisions, and providing a better understanding of which contexts are more conducive to men’s migration and which to women’s.
My dissertation incorporates both semi-structured interviews and nationally representative survey data. The mixed methods approach is valuable because the interviews allow for a more detailed analysis of gender norms than would be possible with survey data, while the survey data allow for a systematic comparison of migrants and non-migrants and help to contextualize and generalize the findings from the interviews. I use survey data to test associations between human capital, socioeconomic status, family status, patriarchal gender ideology, and migration. As migration theories predict, measures of human capital and relative deprivation are strongly associated with men’s migration. For women, socioeconomic status and human capital matter, but family status is also strongly associated with migration. Patriarchal gender ideology is positively associated with men’s migration, and negatively with women’s. Survey data also show strong gender and demographic differences in destination patterns among Georgian migrants.
Qualitative data complement and expand these findings. Migrants’ narratives show that women’s ability to migrate is limited by their primary responsibility for care giving and domestic work. In more strongly traditional, male-headed households, women’s migration may be further constrained by unwillingness of male relatives to allow women to migrate. On the other hand, the growing popularity of Turkey, Greece, and other European destinations encourages women’s migration, as many Georgians believe that the labor markets in these countries are more open to female migrants.text
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CRAVERI, Marta. "Ascesa, crisi e disgregazione del sistema del lavoro forzato in Unione Sovietica : la resistenza di prigionieri nei campi di lavoro 1945-1956." Doctoral thesis, 2000. https://hdl.handle.net/1814/5792.
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Defence date: 14 December 2000Examining Board: Andrea Graziosi (Università di Napoli Federico II) ; Alan S. Milward (IUE) ; Arfon Rees (IUE) ; Nicholas Werth (CNRS, Paris)
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 2017
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Hung, Ying-Hsiu, and 洪英修. "Labor union and bank lending：Evidence from the U.S and European market." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/9ruyww.
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碩士元智大學
財務金融暨會計碩士班(財務金融學程)
105
This paper provide a data set of labor unions in U.S and European market from Market Value exceed 50 million U.S dollar and investigate whether labor unions of banks influence the designing of bank loan contracts. We will use U.S and European syndicate loan market to examine this issue. For simplicity, banks with and without labor unions are referred to as “unionized banks” and “non-unionized banks.” Due to the conservative characteristics of labor unions, we find out that unionized banks tend to tighten their lending standard in the bank loan contract: (1) Unionized banks likely tend to charge higher bank loan spread; (2) Union effect expanding risky firm’s bank loan spread; (3) Union effect expanding risky bank’s bank loan spread requirement. Overall, our empirical results support that union effect has efficient monitoring effect on banks.
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RATHGEB, Philip. "Strong governments, precarious workers : labour market policy-making in the era of liberalisation." Doctoral thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/43276.
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Defence date: 12 September 2016Examining Board: Professor Hanspeter Kriesi, EUI (Supervisor); Professor Pepper Culpepper, formerly EUI/University of Oxford (Co-Supervisor); Professor Lucio Baccaro, University of Geneva; Professor emer. Wolfgang Streeck, Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies
Outsiders are perhaps the clearest losers of the neoliberal era. They are either unemployed or have atypical jobs, thereby often lacking adequate coverage in such fundamental areas as wage bargaining, job security, and welfare benefits. The growing number of outsiders in advanced capitalist political economies is associated with several trends that are adverse in their implications for democracy and society: declining voter turnout and political resignation, diverging life chances and growing poverty as well as poor health, and even an increased relative risk of suicide. The willingness of a state to protect workers from the risks of being unemployed or atypically employed is thus of great political and social significance. Why, then, did some European welfare states protect outsiders better than others, given the common constraints of the neoliberal era? My PhD thesis examines this question through a comparative investigation of labour market policy change in Austria, Denmark, and Sweden over the past three decades, complemented with shadow case studies of Italy and Spain. A historical reconstruction of reform trajectories in similar small states with different distributive outcomes allows us to test the explanatory power of different theoretical approaches. Building on primary and secondary sources as well as evidence from 46 interviews with policy-making elites, this thesis follows a qualitative methodological approach that combines co-variation analysis, causal process tracing and counterfactual arguments. Challenging conventional theories, the thesis finds that the enhanced protection of outsiders rests on the interaction between inclusive trade unions and politically weak governments. High levels of inclusiveness continue to provide trade unions with an acute interest in the protection of outsiders. But governments of all partisan colours prioritised fiscal consolidation over the social protection of outsiders in the neoliberal era. When they had a united majority of seats in parliament, they were therefore strong enough to pursue a unilateral reform strategy that excludes unions to the detriment of outsiders. When they were weakened by intra-coalitional divides or a hung parliament, on the other hand, they negotiated political deals with trade unions to mobilise an extra-parliamentary channel of consensus mobilisation. This kind of weakness was instrumental in forcing governments to compensate outsiders for economic uncertainty. The core argument of this thesis can therefore be summarised as follows: the weaker the government, the stronger the capacity of inclusive trade unions to enhance the protection of outsiders through an extension of job security regulations, unemployment benefit entitlements, and active labour market policy spending. This finding calls into question the electoral responsiveness of national governments – and thus political parties – to the social needs of an increasingly numerous group of precarious workers.
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Li, Yao-Tai, and 李耀泰. "Skill, Market and Labor Organization: The DifferentCharacteristics of Craft Union in Taiwan." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/09448631368385792914.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
政治學研究所
96
A labor union is an organization formed for the protection of labor rights. In Taiwan, most researches related to the subject of labor unions concentrate on the industrial union rather than the craft union. These works consider a craft union’s functions to be limited to ensuring workers’ labor and health insurance. This dissertation deems that craft unions founded after democratization would display some interesting dynamics; accordingly, it aims to examine these dynamics by undertaking a case study. A long-standing, relatively traditional craft union founded before democratization—the Food and Beverage Craft Union—was chosen for the analysis, and was compared with two craft unions founded after democratization, the Craft Union of Community Servicewomen founded by the Pong Wan-Ru Foundation and the Documentary Media Worker Union. This dissertation focused on the market behavior of the craft unions and their relations with the state, simultaneously connecting the differences between the craft unions formed before and after democratization. The purpose is to examine whether all the characteristics of the craft unions reflected the changed context or if they carried out any other functions beyond those designated by the state. The study found that these “emerging” craft unions functioned as collective organizations of skilled workers, attempting to influence market relations that concerned their interests and enhancing their occupational influence through market behavior. Through these activities, they could protect their own rights and interests and could even anticipate that the effects of their attempts percolate backward to the state level and thereby influence the state policy. These activities also lent new connotations to occupational labor, especially in context of public participation and the image of the craft union; in addition, the activities influenced individual work and the employment protection of labor.
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MUNKACSI, Zsuzsa. "Fiscal policy and the labor market in a New Keynesian framework." Doctoral thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/41944.
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Defence date: 17 June 2016Examining Board: Professor Fabio Canova, EUI, Supervisor; Professor Alessia Campolmi, University of Verona; Professor Evi Pappa, EUI; Professor Shu-Chun Susan Yang, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Taiwan.
In the first chapter I calculate unemployment multipliers of fiscal policies. As an innovation, I include family firms in a New Keynesian model with search and matching frictions; they behave differently in the labor market and are differently managed. Based on European data I find that both at peak and cumulatively, unemployment reacts least when consolidation is done by increasing the value-added tax. However, this policy results in the steepest decline in consumption. Also, ignoring sectoral heterogeneity might lead to incorrect conclusions. Next, with Magnus Saxegaard we investigate the macroeconomic impacts of deregulating the labor and product markets. The novelty of the model, which was jointly developed with Rahul Anand and Purva Khera, is the inclusion of an underground sector in an open- economy model. It is a major determinant of the sign and the magnitude of reactions. We show that in South Africa both reforms increase long-run output, although labor market reforms are more successful in decreasing unemployment. Nevertheless, there are short-term costs; which can be mitigated reform packages. Finally, we find that it is usually better to start with a labor market reform. The last chapter focuses on southern Europe where high levels of government debt are coupled with rapid population aging. With Daniel Baksa we examine the macroeconomic effects of public old-age pension reforms and other policies under conditions of aging. As a novelty, we incorporate a shadow economy into an overlapping generations model. We find that a retirement age increase implies the lowest reduction in long-run GDP, although there are doubts about its feasibility. Impacts, in general, depend on the type of pension plan. Furthermore, when moving away from the PAYG towards a fully funded regime the pension-wage replacement rate temporarily sharply drops. The presence of informality and unemployment are important, in particular for responses of labor income tax hikes.
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DEVITT, Camilla. "Shaping labour immigration : the role of labour market institutions in advanced democracies." Doctoral thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/14707.
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Defence Date: 23 September 2010Examining Board: Prof. Rainer Bauböck, EUI (Supervisor) Prof. Virginie Guiraudon, CNRS Lille (External Supervisor) Prof. Desmond King, University of Oxford Dr. Christina Boswell, University of Edinburgh
First made available online: 05 August 2021
The aim of this thesis is to investigate the understudied nexus between immigration and labour market institutions. Bridging migration theory and comparative political economy, it is argued that variation in labour market institutions shapes variation in levels of labour immigration and the type of employment undertaken by migrant workers across advanced democracies. This theory is supported by empirical evidence from Western Europe and in particular Italy and Ireland. Furthermore, it is explored whether, given the relationship between labour market institutions and labour immigration, policymakers are stimulated by concerns regarding immigration - the ‘Migrant Worker Factor’ - to reform labour market institutions. More specifically, it is investigated whether the Migrant Worker Factor stimulated employment standards compliance (ESC) system reforms and the development of active labour market policy (ALMP) in Ireland, Italy and shadow cases Britain and France during the period 1997 - mid 2008. It is also explored whether the Migrant Worker Factor was part of the rationale behind vocational education and training (VET) system reforms of the same period in Ireland and Britain. These case studies found empirical evidence that concerns regarding labour immigration can be a causal factor in the reform of labour market institutions. Certain ESC system reforms were partly motivated by the aim of safeguarding domestic worker jobs and employment standards, as well as controlling migrant inflows. Moreover, in some cases, ALMP development and VET system reforms in part aimed to provide domestic alternatives to migrant workers. The impact of the Migrant Worker Factor depends on the level of concern regarding labour immigration in a given state. Furthermore, the influence of this variable on labour market institutional reform is mediated by learning and coordination mechanisms and assumptions regarding the substitutability of migrant workers. The Migrant Worker Factor is also more likely to stimulate labour market institutional reform when there are converging political or structural pressures for reform.
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Dlamini, Armstrong. "Mainstreaming the informal economy in South Africa: a gender perspective of trade union policy responses(1994-2001)." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/101.
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The study examined the policy responses of organised labour towards the informal sector. It is based on a qualitative survey of trade unions in the textile, clothing and footwear sectors. The dualistic, Marxist structuralist, feminist and growth theories of the informal sector were used to evaluate policy responses towards the informal sector. The investigation of the dynamic relationship of trade unions with workers in the informal sector was informed by the transformation of the nature of work that is characterised by informalisation and the increased employment of contingent workers, the majority of whom are women. Informalisation was found to manifest itself through the use of homeworkers and ‘independent’ contractors. The study further showed that the formal and informal sectors were interdependent. This makes a compelling case for trade unions to organise vulnerable workers and to pursue the mainstreaming of the informal sector. However a rigid gender discourse was found to militate against the development of solidarity with the informal sector. The findings of the study suggest that gender mainstreaming within trade unions is a prerequisite for effectively mainstreaming the informal sector and that organising the informal sector is a gender issue.Prof. G. Verhoef
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SAND, Jacob. "The social dimension of the internal market : health and safety at work." Doctoral thesis, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5448.
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LUBOW, Alexis. "Taming regulatory competition : interest groups v. joint decision trap : four EU policy cases on workers mobility." Doctoral thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/46447.
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Defence date: 18 May 2017Examining Board: Professor Adrienne Héritier, EUI (Supervisor); Professor László Bruszt, EUI; Professor Pieter Bouwen, University of Leuven; Professor Susanne K. Schmidt, University of Bremen
Worker migration across EU member states’ borders constitutes an increasingly salient issue. Unlike the liberalization of trade in goods, it has spilled into other policy areas in many unexpected ways. It contributed to turning the so called Bolkestein Directive on services into a highly politicized policymaking episode. Subsequent decisions adopted by the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) have only aggravated looming conflicts between high and low standard countries, new and old member states, competing social partners and political parties within the European Parliament. Policy issues that are resolutely foreign to EU competences, like the right to strike, have been affected as well. Simply put, recent policy developments about worker migration illustrate the increasingly contested nature of European integration. In that context, decision makers are trapped into a prisoner’s dilemma that is a real or perceived risk arising from regulatory competition. Hence, member states’ preference heterogeneity translates into an amplified risk of policymaking deadlock. Therefore, the question that this dissertation aims to answer is: under which conditions can EU institutions collectively negotiate positive policy solutions in the context of regulatory competition? Taken in isolation, a change in member state’s bargaining attitudes is unlikely and puzzling. Instead, I argue that when there is a high risk of deadlock in the Council the successful negotiation of policy instruments depends significantly on the relative homogeneity of preferences of competing social partners and their ability to defend pan‐European interests next to national immediate interests. The empirical analysis examines four cases of policy negotiations in relation to worker mobility within the EU. Negotiations over the 2006 Services Directive are sliced into two distinct strategic interactions. In addition, I examine the failed negotiations over the 2012 Monti II Proposal on the right to take collective action and the successful negotiations over the 2014 Directive on the enforcement of the 1996 Posted Worker Directive. The selection of cases aims to carry out a conceptual experiment in which the strategic setting is maintained relatively constant while variations in actors’ preferences and strategies may affect policy outputs.
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Tani, Massimiliano. "A region-based study of foreign labour in the European Union : skill patterns and implications for native employment." Phd thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/148456.
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