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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Labor market – Germany (West)'

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Published: 25 July 2024

Last updated: 26 July 2024

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1

Gangl, Markus. "Unemployment dynamics in the United States and West Germany : economic restructuring, institutions and labor market processes /." Heidelberg : Physica-Verlag, 2003. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0817/2004425129-t.html.

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2

Mayer, Jochen. "State and spaces of official labour statistics in the Federal Republic of Germany, c.1950-1973." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/7957.

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This PhD examines the historical making and interpretation of West-German official labour statistics in the period 1950-1973: how did official statistics come to be inscribed in state and administrative attempts to intervene into the labour market with respect to (un-)employment? Rather than considering statistics as a resource for state action and scientific investigation, this thesis is concerned with statistics as a contested topic comprising different techniques and ideas, styles of reasoning, practices, technologies and institutional contexts. Drawing on archival material from the Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs, the Federal Labour Office, the Federal Statistical Office, the Organisation for Economic Corporation and Development (OECD), and other sources, the thesis examines debates over the abolition of the federal labour office’s labour statistics 1950–1963, and the establishment of a new statistical infrastructure in the following decade. In bridging work in economic and social history, and the history and geography of official statistics and technology, this thesis shows how debate on the employment files – generated in 1935 and reestablished in 1950 – as the basis of quarterly official statistics was centred on the question of which statistics for which polity. This involved different ‘statistical gazes’ at different scales among labour administrators, bureaucratic officials, and statisticians. In studying the scientific-administrative issues of how and where statistics were produced and made credible, the analysis shows how authoritarian conceptions inscribed onto the files gave way, first, to more economical conceptions of data capturing (i.e. representative samples) and, from the late 1960s, to a statistical infrastructure based on electronic data processing. In examining the different rationalities – statistical-technical and political – the thesis shows how transformations in labour statistics were affected by dynamics between: federal state space and locality; technological dreams of labour administrators and statistical requirements; mathematisation and mechanisation of the statistical discourse; trust and credibility; public critique and legitimacy.

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3

Groero, Jaroslav. "East and West Germany after the Unification: The Wage Gap Analysis." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-193373.

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Under socialism workers had their wages set by the central planners.. In my thesis I use panel data from SHARLIFE questionnaire in order to analyze how returns to East German human capital variables changed after the reunification in 1990.I also compare these returns to West German returns to human capital variables. Before 1990 the returns to experience and education were lower in East Germany than in West Germany. After the reunification East German returns to experience obtained before 1990 and to education decreased. I find a significant decrease of returns to high educated workers who spent in the East German educational system 15 and more years. East German returns to both human capital variables are smaller than West German ones before the reunification and the difference is more pronounced after the reunification.

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4

Schneck, Stefan [Verfasser]. "Labor market mobility in Germany / Stefan Schneck." Hannover : Technische Informationsbibliothek und Universitätsbibliothek Hannover (TIB), 2011. http://d-nb.info/1013288726/34.

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5

Kastrat, Merima, and Dilan Tas. "Does immigration affect native's labor market outcomes in Germany?" Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för nationalekonomi och statistik (NS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-88104.

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Germany is one of the several countries in Europe that have opened its borders to immigrants for many years. The admission of immigrants into Germany has contributed to the country being the second largest immigration destination in the world, and this has resulted in both negative and positive outcomes for the natives. In this essay, the effect of immigration on natives’ hourly wages and employment was examined, by using microdata for Germany. Native workers’ educational level attainments and 16 different regions in Germany were taken into account to obtain regional variation. Cross-sectional data was used for the years 2005, 2009 and 2015 in order to measure the effect of the share of immigrants on natives’ hourly wages and employment. The findings showed that the share of immigrants, had a positive effect on natives’ wages and employment in 2005 and 2009. In 2015, however, a negative relationship was found, with the share of immigrants impacting negatively on natives’ wages but not on employment. Thus, the study highlights the importance of immigrants on natives’ hourly wages and employment.

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6

Whang, Eun Ah [Verfasser]. "Social Security and Labor Market in Germany / Eun Ah Whang." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1176632086/34.

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7

Pancaldi, F. "EMPLOYERS ASSOCIATIONS AND LABOR MARKET POLICIES IN GERMANY AND ITALY." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/174256.

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To what extent did globalization generate uniform employers' pressures for employment protection deregulation and welfare state retrenchment? Which institutional arrangements did employers support and how did they influence policy-making processes in comparative perspective? This work answers these questions by investigating the positions of peak employers associations in Germany and Italy with respect to the reform processes of employment protection legislation and unemployment insurance systems between 1990 and 2008. Building on a theoretical distinction of the policy preferences of different employers groups in postindustrial economies, this research finds that relevant intra-business divides emerged during key reform events mainly between employers in small firms and in the low-productivity sectors and core manufacturing producers. In both countries, the point of contention was not whether to change inherited 'industrial' institutions but rather how to change them. Everywhere, small-firm employers struggled to gain as low levels of job protection and contribution rates to unemployment insurance as possible, whereas core producers indeed tended to advocate for more moderate adjustments. Research findings emphasize the growing influence of small business demands as a consequence of postindustrial economic-structural changes, and suggests that dual reform outputs are intrinsically associated with the development of service-based economies. Two variables are however found shaping different policy arrangements mainly with respect to dismissal protection and unemployment insurance systems in Germany and Italy. On one side, the distributional outcomes of industrial policy structures spurred stronger discontentment with existing labor market institutions among German small-firm employers than among Italian employers. On the other hand, different peak associational systems were conducive to different capacities of employers to organize collective action. An encompassing system facilitated intra-business coordination and the predominance of a 'logic of influence' vis-à-vis other actors in Germany. By contrast, a fragmented associational system incentivized competing positions between different business segments in Italy and oriented them to pursue particularistic reform objectives, consistently with a 'logic of membership'.

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8

Norquist, Jordan Faith. "RevolutionärInnen am Fließband: a Comparative Gendered Analysis of the 1973 Pierburg and Ford Migrant Labor Strikes." PDXScholar, 2019. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4824.

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In the years following the end of the Second World War, the Federal Republic of Germany experienced a "golden age" of economic upturn. Due to the labor shortage in the aftermath of war and the division of Germany, West Germany initially looked to its eastern counterpart, the German Democratic Republic, to meet its labor needs in the immediate postwar years. Once East Germany tightened its border control, the Federal Republic of Germany extended bilateral agreements to Southern Mediterranean countries to meet the nation's labor needs. Italy was the first official nation to have a bilateral work agreement with West Germany in 1955, yet by the end of the labor program, the greatest population of "guest workers" in West Germany were Turkish nationals. The West German public initially heralded the arrival of guest workers as a boon, but by the program's end in November of 1973, the West German press reviled the Turkish migrant worker as they gradually moved out of isolated company employee barracks into single apartments, often with families or spouses joining them from Turkey. In spite of a lack of rights on West German soil, the year of 1973 was witness to a swell in migrant political activity, in the form of unsanctioned labor strikes. Utilizing two of these strikes, this thesis will compare the strategies, support, opposition, and success of the Ford Cologne (Ford Köln-Niehl) Factory strike and the Pierburg factory strike in Neuss. In both instances, the degree of support by ethnic German coworkers and factory management influenced the success of the strike. Additionally, this analysis will demonstrate that gender, in concert with nationality, negatively affected the results of the Ford Cologne Strike by way of public reception, while the negotiation of the Pierburg strike through a gendered lens aided woman migrant workers in the cooperation of factory management, the worker's council, union, and the West German public. Regardless of the strikes' outcomes, the significance of the labor strikes of 1973 is emblematic of both the lack of human rights afforded migrant workers in West Germany at the time and the persistent determination of blue-collar migrant workers to claim space for themselves and their families.

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9

Diaz, Pablo F. "Labor market integration of immigrants in France, Germany and the United Kingdom." Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2010. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2010/Mar/10Mar%5FDiaz%5FPablo.pdf.

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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Europe and Eurasia))--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2010.
Thesis Advisor(s): Siegel, Scott ; Shore, Zachary. "March 2010." Description based on title screen as viewed on April 26, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: Labor Market Integration, Immigrants, France, Germany, United Kingdom Institutional Racism, Education, Language. Includes bibliographical references (p. 83-88). Also available in print.

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10

Lüthen, Holger [Verfasser]. "Essays on long-term labor market developments and retirement in Germany / Holger Lüthen." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1105472353/34.

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11

Duggan, Ed. "The impact of industrialization on an urban labor market Birmingham, England, 1770-1860 /." New York : Garland Pub, 1985. http://books.google.com/books?id=HAktAAAAMAAJ.

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12

Spick, Manon. "The Assimilation of Turkish Immigrants in the German Labor Market : Cross-national comparative study with the Austrian labor market and emphasis on differences in integration policies." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för nationalekonomi och statistik (NS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-96246.

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The economic assimilation of immigrants is one of the main topics of the migration economic literature. The United States, the United Kingdom, or even Canada, are usually chosen to lead such studies. We have decided to observe the differences in immigrant’s economic assimilation between two host countries which are less studied in empirical papers and very similar in terms of geography and language: Germany and Austria. The country of origin for the immigrants observed in this study is Turkey because Turkish immigrants are highly represented among the immigrant population in the both host countries. We have found that both female and male Turkish immigrants assimilate faster in Germany than in Austria. This faster assimilation could be partly due to the implementation of less restrictive migratory policies in Germany compared to Austria

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13

Koch-Wegener, Anette. "Apostle of the free market economy : Ludwig Erhard und die Soziale Marktwirtschaft aus US-amerikanischer Perspektive, 1949-1955 /." Marburg : Tectum, 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2687685&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.

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14

Dorscht, Axel Carleton University Dissertation Political Science. "Concerted action: labour's corporatist strategy in the Federal Republic of Germany, 1967-77." Ottawa, 1988.

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15

Tolan, Songül [Verfasser]. "Partial Retirement, Financial Student Aid, and Labor Market Responses : Empirical Evidence from Germany / Songül Tolan." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1144955386/34.

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16

Raddatz, Liv. "BETWEEN CONTINUITY AND CHANGE: EXPLORING POLISH MIGRANTS' EXPERIENCES IN THE LABOR MARKET OF BERLIN, GERMANY." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2015. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/324151.

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Geography
Ph.D.
The European migration context has changed drastically in recent years because of the eastward enlargements of the European Union (EU) in 2004 and 2007. Almost all citizens of the 28 EU member states now have the right to live and work in any of the other EU countries. The demise of borders and removal of formal labor market access restrictions within the EU has spurred substantial east to west migration. This dissertation explored how recent and more established Polish migrants experience and navigate the labor market in Berlin, Germany, given these recent regulatory changes. The study focused in particular on the role of Polish migrants' social ties as well as regulatory and institutional factors. The research involved six months of fieldwork in Berlin that resulted in 44 in-depth interviews with Polish migrants and key informants. The interviews not only gave insights into how Polish migrants integrate into Berlin's labor market but also shed light on the reasons for their migration and various other aspects of their lives. The most striking finding of the study is that Poles have not formed a cohesive community in the city and commonly experience co-ethnic social ties as a "social tax", rather than sources of social capital. The study suggests that a number of national policies as well as Berlin's geographic proximity help explain the absence of a unified and supportive Polish community in the city. Another key finding of the study is that Polish migrants are commonly channeled into irregular, precarious and even exploitive work arrangements in Berlin, especially in the domestic service, hospitality and construction sector. They continue to face a range of informal barriers that push many of them into the margins of Berlin's labor market, despite the abolishment of formal labor market access restrictions.
Temple University--Theses

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17

Nelson, Moira Stephens John D. "Education policy and the consequences for labor market integration in Denmark, Germany, and the Netherlands." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,2033.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008.
Title from electronic title page (viewed Feb. 17, 2009). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of PhD in the Department of Political Science." Discipline: Political Science; Department/School: Political Science.

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18

Seele, Stefanie Sophie. "Essays on the German Labor Market since Unification." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/19682.

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Das Ziel dieser Thesis ist es, Angebots- und Nachfragefaktoren in Deutschland seit der Wiedervereinigung zu analysieren. Drei verschiedene Arbeitsmarktmodelle dienen dazu: Ein Wettbewerbsmodell (Marshall (1920)), ein rigides Arbeitsmarktmodell (Pigou (1933)) und ein Matchingmodell (Pissarides (2000)). Unterschiedliche Hypothesen über den Zusammenhang von mehreren Arbeitsmarktindikatoren werden theoretisch hergeleitet und empirisch evaluiert. Diese Arbeit adressiert drei Forschungsfragen: Welcher Art ist das große Beschäftigungswachstum in Deutschland nach 2005? Waren Angebots- oder Nachfragefaktoren wichtiger für die Lohnspreizung nach 2003? Welche der zwei Hypothesen ist plausibel? a) Ein negativer Schock auf die Lohnstarrheit wegen sinkender Gewerkschaftsmacht und/oder beschäftigungsbewussten Lohnabschlüssen oder b) ein positiver Arbeitsangebotsschock aufgrund von Arbeitsmarktreformen. Die Antworten auf die drei Fragen sind: Das Beschäftigungswachstum seit 2005 vollzog sich primär über eine Ausweitung der Erwerbstätigen durch mehr Teilzeitarbeit. Die Lohnspreizung auch für Teilzeitbeschäftigte, welche mit einem eigens erstellten synthetischen Datensatz untersucht wird, begann 2003 und endete 2011. Die Kovariation des deutschen Arbeitsmarkts in dieser Zeit, also negative Korrelationen von Löhnen mit Beschäftigungs- bzw. Partizipationsmaßen, passen am besten zu einem Wettbewerbsmodell mit dominanten positiven Arbeitsangebotsschocks. Interpretation ist, dass diese positiven Angebotsschocks durch die Arbeitsmarktreformen induziert wurden.
The goal of this thesis is to analyze labor demand and labor supply factors in Germany since reunification. It is based on three different labor market frameworks: a competitive labor market model (Marshall (1920)), a rigid labor market model (Pigou (1933)), and a search-and-matching model (Pissarides (2000)). Differing hypothesis about the co-variation of labor market indicators are derived theoretically, and are evaluated empirically. Three research questions are addressed in this thesis: What is the nature of the large expansion of employment in Germany after 2005? Were supply or demand factors more important for the increase in employment and wage dispersion after 2003? Which of the two competing hypotheses is more plausible? a) A negative shock to wage rigidity due to declining union power and/or more employment-conscious wage bargaining, or b) a positive labor supply shock due to changes in labor market policies. The main findings corresponding to the three stated research questions are: The expansion of employment in Germany since 2005 has primarily been at the extensive margin due to the increase of part-time employment. The Dispersion of hourly wages, which is expanded in a synthetic panel to include part-time employment, began in 2003 and ended in 2011. The labor market outcomes in Germany in this period, namely the negative correlation of wages with employment and participation, correspond most closely to the competitive labor market model with dominant supply shocks. These positive labor supply shocks are interpreted to be induced by major labor market reforms.

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19

Bayar, Mehmet Nafi [Verfasser], and Tobias [Akademischer Betreuer] Seidel. "Labor and housing market responses to immigration : evidence from Germany / Mehmet Nafi Bayar ; Betreuer: Tobias Seidel." Duisburg, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1147681325/34.

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20

Dietz, Martin. "Der Arbeitsmarkt in institutionentheoretischer Perspektive /." Stuttgart : Lucius und Lucius, 2006. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2852014&prov=M&dokv̲ar=1&doke̲xt=htm.

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21

Thomsen, Stephan Lothar. "Evaluating the employment effects of job creation schemes in Germany." Heidelberg : [Mannheim] : Physica-Verlag ; ZEW, Zentrum für Europäische Wirtschaftsforschung, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7908-1950-2.

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22

Pölder, Robert. "Wage Dispersion and Employment for People With Low Skill : Sweden Compared to Six European Countries." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för nationalekonomi och statistik (NS), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-55590.

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This paper investigates in what way employment for low-skilled workers is connected to the wage dispersion in a country by comparing Sweden to six European countries. Previous research on this topic used cross-section analysis, but this essay takes another approach by comparing the changes in the wage dispersion and employment and by breaking down the change in the wage dispersion into parts and studying the change in the wage for different percentiles. The paper finds that wages in Sweden have not converged, which likely contributed to the increase in the employment gap between people with high and low skills. Two countries with different development were Germany and Norway. In line with recent research, in Germany, wage inequality increased and the employment gap between people with high and low skills decreased. In comparison, the case of Norway has not received much attention among researchers. Wages converged more in Norway than in Germany, yet employment increased more in Germany. The paper suggests a potential explanation: wages for the bottom percentiles of the earnings distribution fell in Germany, which it did not in Norway.

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23

Pocher, Eva. "Does immigration lead to a reduction of native wages and employment? : a review of the regional labour market outcomes of migration in Germany and the UK." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2011. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=167827.

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In this thesis the regional effects of immigration onto native wages and employment in the United Kingdom and in Germany were examined. Using the regional survey data of the British QLFS from 1993-2009, the estimation results confirmed that foreign workers and British are imperfect substitutes. Natives and immigrants with middle education are found to have the highest elasticity of substitution. Unsurprisingly, the largest percentage of foreign population has been found to be in England. In the analysed time of 1993 until 2009, only middle educated British experienced negative earnings and employment effects caused by immigration. Taking the wage and employment impacts for natives of all three skill groups in the four British countries and the UK itself into account, it can be seen that the positive wage effects were numerically larger than the negative employment changes. Applying the individual data of the German SOEP from 1984-2007 (from 1994 including data about East Germany), imperfect substitution between regional Germans and foreigners were determined. Examining several regions of West Germany (North- West and Middle-South-West) in the time frame of 1994-2007, it could be seen that natives with low and middle education gained in their wages but lost in their employment to immigrants of similar education. However, highly skilled German P a g e | 2 citizens were confronted with a wage loss but higher employment. The analysis of the effect of immigration on native wages and employment in East Germany led to interesting results. Low, middle and highly educated East German natives experienced either a minimal wage increase or no wage change. Considering the employment in East Germany, low educated natives saw a small rise in their employment. However, no change could be found in the employment of middle and highly skilled workers in East Germany.

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24

Glossner, Christian Ludwig. "Economy and Democracy: The political communication and public reception of the social market economy in post-war West Germany 1945-1949." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.491393.

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This thesis on the economic reconstruction of post-war West Germany traces the development of ideas about economic and socio-political publicity, and their gradual absorption by mainstream politicians, officials and the general public during the period of transition between 1945 and 1949. In those years, several German think tanks, political parties and individuals gave impulse to and then shaped the development of a viable socio-political and economic model between the extremes of laissez-faire capitalism and the collectivist planned economy.

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25

Omerovic, Rijad, and Arda Kucukyavuz. "Discrimination in the German Labor Market : The migration crisis 2015 and its effect on discrimination." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för nationalekonomi och statistik (NS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-105077.

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This paper analyzes how the explained and unexplained part of the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition has changed due to a shift in attitudes towards immigrants in Germany. We use the migration crisis in 2015 as an exogenous source of variation in attitudes towards immigrants. As many studies analyze labor market discrimination, there are very few studies examining discrimination in the German labor market by conducting a natural experiment. In contrast to previous empirics, this paper sets out to explain and decompose the differences between immigrants and natives using a rather unique method. This paper is based on data from the European Social Survey (ESS) conducted in 2014 and 2016 and is analyzed using measures of public attitudes, the linear probability model, and the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition. The results indicate that there are rather great differences in employment probabilities, human capital and family constellations between immigrants and natives. Measuring public attitudes, it is evident that there has been a general decline in positive attitudes towards immigrants post the migration crisis in 2015. Analyzing the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition, it is evident that the unexplained (discriminatory) part of the decomposition has decreased which is referred to as a decrease in discrimination in the labor market. Even though that a general decline in positive attitudes towards immigrants is present, an increase in the unexplained part of the decomposition is not observed. As no correlation between public attitudes and the unexplained part of the decomposition is apparent, it is most likely that employers base their employment decision on the extent of information provided. This indicating that discrimination in the labor market most likely is due to statistical discrimination and not due to the preferences of the employer.

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26

Theodoropoulou, Sotiria. "The political economy of unemployment, labour market institutions and macroeconomic policies in open economies : the cases of Germany and the Netherlands in the 1980s and 1990s." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2008. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/191/.

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The question that this thesis addresses is how western European countries with regulated labour markets managed to reduce their unemployment rates in the 1980s and 1990s. Most of the accounts in mainstream economics literature have been trying to explain this turnaround in performance in terms of labour market reforms that were undertaken in the direction of deregulation and by stressing potential interactions between such reforms in labour market policies, backing their claims with econometric evidence that is usually not robust. This thesis takes a different approach both theoretically and empirically. Theoretically, it develops the hypothesis that in open economies, coordinated collective wage bargaining can lead to moderate wage/price outcomes in the presence of conservative/stability oriented macroeconomic policies even in the presence of generous labour market protection policies. Moreover, in countries with regulated labour markets, the effectiveness of moderate bargaining outcomes and labour market reforms in combating unemployment will depend on the size and openness of the economy: the smaller and more open an economy is, the more effective moderate bargaining outcomes and labour market reforms will be in reducing the equilibrium rate of unemployment. This hypothesis is an alternative to the ‘deregulation thesis’ rather than a competing one. This hypothesis is explored and further qualified in this thesis through qualitative comparative analysis-QCA with fuzzy-sets and the detailed study of the cases of the Netherlands and Germany in the 1980s and the 1990s. The upshot of the analysis of this thesis is that the effects of labour market policies and institutions on labour market performance should be considered within the context of macro-level institutions (e.g. macroeconomic policies) and characteristics (e.g. openness to trade) if we want to accurately assess the need to reform them.

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27

Meyer, Tobias [Verfasser]. "An evaluation of the shortened high school duration in Germany and its impact on postsecondary education and labor market entry / Tobias meyer." Hannover : Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB), 2016. http://d-nb.info/1119904870/34.

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28

Thompson, Jay Arthur. "Greater flexibility, greater growth : a comparative study of labor and capitalist models in Japan, Germany, and the United States." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2007. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002217.

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Theune, Katja Verfasser], Andreas [Akademischer Betreuer] Behr, and Ansgar [Akademischer Betreuer] [Belke. "University graduates in Germany : Determinants of time to degree, final grade, and pay at labor market entrance / Katja Theune. Gutachter: Ansgar Belke. Betreuer: Andreas Behr." Duisburg, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1068460598/34.

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Theune, Katja [Verfasser], Andreas Akademischer Betreuer] Behr, and Ansgar [Akademischer Betreuer] [Belke. "University graduates in Germany : Determinants of time to degree, final grade, and pay at labor market entrance / Katja Theune. Gutachter: Ansgar Belke. Betreuer: Andreas Behr." Duisburg, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1068460598/34.

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Antalova, Livia. "Contemporary Flat-Tax Reforms in Eastern Europe. Causes of Diverse Approaches : A comparison of Slovakia, Czech Republic and Germany." SFB International Tax Coordination, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2010. http://epub.wu.ac.at/1626/1/document.pdf.

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The paper deals with the issue of contemporary flat-tax reforms in Eastern Europe and aims to account for the different approaches that various European countries adopted towards the idea of a flat-tax. Empirically, the work is based on detailed studies of Slovakia, the Czech Republic and Germany. The analysis considers three factors being decisive for the flat-tax feasibility: 1./ party system institutionalization, 2./ coalition/opposition cohesiveness, 3./ labor union institutionalization. First, the study is concerned with each of the factor's influence on the political decision-making process in the three country cases. Secondly, on country paired comparisons the findings for each of the countries are mutually contrasted. Although all identified factors seem to be at play with regard to flat-tax feasibility, I argue that it is either the strength or the weakness of labor unions' institutionalization and welfare identity that underlie the political decision-making in the East and the West and as a result determine the flat-tax (un-)feasibility. The absence of welfare identity in the East allows for higher coalition cohesion in favor and weaker opposition against the flattax adoption in contrast to the West.
Series: Discussion Papers SFB International Tax Coordination

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32

Fischer, Martin [Verfasser], and Martin [Akademischer Betreuer] Karlsson. "The Long-Term Effects of Education on Health and Labor Market Outcomes : Evidence from Historical School Reforms in Sweden and Germany / Martin Fischer ; Betreuer: Martin Karlsson." Duisburg, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1174543817/34.

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Flake, Regina [Verfasser], Thomas K. [Gutachter] Bauer, and Christoph M. [Gutachter] Schmidt. "Migrants in Germany : the role of intergenerational relations in economic integration and labor market effects / Regina Flake ; Gutachter: Thomas K. Bauer, Christoph M. Schmidt ; Fakultät für Wirtschaftswissenschaft." Bochum : Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1211175154/34.

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Grunow, Daniela. "Convergence, persistence and diversity in male and female careers - does context matter in an era of globalization? : a comparison of gendered employment mobility patterns in West Germany and Denmark /." Opladen Farmington Hills Ed. Recherche, 2006. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2827841&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.

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Weiss, Felix [Verfasser], and Marita [Akademischer Betreuer] Jacob. "Postsecondary educational careers and social inequality: an analysis of social origin differences in educational career trajectories and their labor market outcomes in the US, Sweden and Germany / Felix Weiss ; Betreuer: Marita Jacob." Mannheim : Universitätsbibliothek Mannheim, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1226662706/34.

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Kaclíková, Roberta. "Migrácia do vybraných krajín EÚ: Integrácia na trhu práce." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-261973.

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The aim of this master thesis is to analyse the labor market of European Union and its certain countries in relation to the immigration with the backgound of various social welfare models. The paper is analysing the topic of labor market of European Union, integration of immigrants on this market, with focus on economies and labour markets of Sweden, United Kingdom and Germany as countries with high level of immigration that are representing three different social welfare models, such as Nordic model, Liberal model and Conservative model. The main objective of this thesis is the analysis of labor markets in selected countries of the European Union in relation to immigration and their subsequent comparison using the background of different social welfare models. The result is the evaluation of effectivness of the various social models based on statistical data, acquired knowledge and performed comparisons. The thesis is divided into four chapters and contains 13 tables and 8 charts.

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Liepmann, Hannah. "Essays on the Economics of Structural Change." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/19748.

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Im ersten Aufsatz dieser Dissertation analysiere ich, wie sich ein negativer Arbeitsmarktnachfrage-Schock auf Fertilität auswirkt. Ich analysiere dies anhand des ostdeutschen Fertilitätsrückgangs nach dem Mauerfall und nutze unerwartete, exogene, und permanente Anpassungen der Arbeitsnachfrage, welche von industriellen Restrukturierungsprozessen resultierten. Ostdeutsche Frauen, die stärker vom negativen Arbeitsnachfrage-Schock betroffen waren, haben in den 1990er Jahren relativ mehr Kinder bekommen als jene Frauen, die von dem Schock weniger stark betroffen waren. Der Schock hat somit nicht nur das aggregierte Fertilitätsniveau gesenkt, sondern auch die Zusammensetzung der Mütter beeinflusst. Der zweite Aufsatz untersucht den Einfluss staatlicher Hilfen auf den späteren ökonomischen Erfolg junger Flüchtlinge. Wir untersuchen dies anhand von ostdeutschen Flüchtlingen, die von 1946 bis 1961 nach Westdeutschland geflohen sind. Nur „politische Flüchtlinge“ hatten ab 1953 Anspruch auf Flüchtlingshilfen. Somit können wir Identifikations-Probleme adressieren, die durch Selektion entstehen. Es zeigen sich positive Effekte der Flüchtlingshilfen auf die Bildung, Jobs, und das Einkommen von Flüchtlingen, die als junge Erwachsene migriert sind. Wir finden keine vergleichbaren Effekte für Flüchtlinge, die als Kinder migriert sind. Das letzte Kapitel präsentiert Ergebnisse eines Projektes, das partiell die Lücke schließt, welche derzeit für Ostdeutsche in den deutschen Sozialversicherungsdaten existiert. Durch die Verknüpfung letzterer mit dem „Datenspeicher Gesellschaftliches Arbeitsvermögen“ der DDR von 1989 haben wir einen neuen Datensatz geschaffen, welcher Analysen von Phänomenen wie Arbeitslosigkeit, beruflicher und regionaler Mobilität ermöglicht. Der neue Datensatz kann auch dazu beitragen, das existierende Wissen über die individuellen Arbeitsmarktkonsequenzen des Mauerfalls zu erweitern.
In the first essay of this dissertation, I analyze how a negative labor demand shock impacts fertility. I analyze this question in the context of the East German fertility decline after the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989. I exploit differential pressure for restructuring across East German industries which led to unexpected, exogenous, and permanent changes to labor demand. I find that throughout the 1990s, women more severely impacted by the demand shock had relatively more children than their less-severely-impacted counterparts. Thus, the demand shock not only depressed the aggregate fertility level, but also changed the composition of mothers. The second essay explores the question of how refugee-specific aid impacts the medium-term economic success of young refugees. We address this question in the context of German Democratic Republic (GDR) refugees who escaped to West Germany between 1946 and 1961, exploiting that only the subgroup of "political refugees" was granted refugee-targeted aid, and that this only occurred after 1953. The quasi-experiment allows us to address identification difficulties resulting from the fact that refugees eligible for aid are both self-selected and screened by local authorities. We find positive effects of aid-eligibility on educational attainment, job quality and income among the refugees who migrated as young adults. We do not find similar effects of aid-eligibility for refugees who migrated as children. The final chapter of this thesis presents results of a project which partially closes a gap that currently exists for East Germans in the German social security data. By linking these data with the GDR's "Data Fund of Societal Work Power" from 1989, we have created a new data set that permits the analysis of phenomena such as unemployment, job mobility, and regional mobility. The new data set can also be used to refine existing knowledge of the individual-level labor market consequences of German reunification.

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Hagen, Tobias. "Labour market effects of fixed-term employment contracts : microeconometric analyses for West Germany /." 2005. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/498951308.pdf.

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Hagen, Tobias [Verfasser]. "Labour market effects of fixed-term employment contracts : microeconometric analyses for West Germany / Tobias Hagen." 2005. http://d-nb.info/975692267/34.

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BAUMANN, Arne. "Path-dependency or Convergence? The emergence of labour market institutions in the media production industries in the UK and Germany." Doctoral thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5200.

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Defence date: 14 February 2003
Examining Board: Prof. Uschi BACKES-GELLNER (University of Zurich) Prof. Colin CROUCH (EUI, Supervisor) Prof. David MARSDEN (London School of Economics and Political Science) Prof. Philippe C. SCHMITTER (EUI)
This study compares labour market institutions and their emergence in the media production industries of Great Britain and Germany. The two principal institutions examined are vocational education and training patterns on the one hand and recruitment channels on the other hand. The former manage the labour market entry at the start of an individual's career while the latter govern the repeated labour market transactions between company and employee that occur throughout an individual's career. The comparison of these institutions in the two industries is based on novel labour market data for both companies' and individuals' training and employment behaviour in Germany and the UK. On a theoretical level, the comparison analyses dynamics of institutional formation and contributes to the literature on varieties of capitalism and socio-economic institutions. The examination of labour market institutions in the media industries of two countries that are generally classified as belonging to opposite types of market economy allows us to study dynamics of institutional reproduction and change. In order to map difference and similarity in institutional formation, the comparative research design is organised along two institutional variables, job titles and joint supply, and three potential causal mechanisms for institutional development, technological, societal and hierarchical embeddedness. Job titles and joint supply are constituent parts of an occupational labour market and represent different types of social norms, namely conventional and essential norms. The three types of embeddedness encapsulate environmental spheres that expose actors to different forces, deemed important for institutional development in the existing literature. Important results emerge with respect to the adequacy of training regimes in the media industry, marked by short-term employment and project production in both the UK and Germany. The British industry's further training regime emerges as superior to the German dual system of initial training in light of the large freelance workforce in both countries. With respect to institutional formation processes, the main counter-intuitive outcomes are that job titles in the German industry resemble those of its British counterpart, and that the British industry has arrived at a comprehensive joint supply regime. Contrary to predictions of the literature on varieties of capitalism, institutional dynamics on the industry level can thus deviate from their respective national parents. The cases show that institutional formation varies not primarily with differences in the national institutional set-up but with the type of institution and the uncertainty of actors in arriving at and legitimising such an institution. The less distributive the character of an institution, and the less actors need to legitimise an enforcement regime, the more independent of national institutions they become in their efforts to arrive at an institution.

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Duggan, Lynn Susan. "Production and reproduction: Family policy and gender inequality in East and West Germany." 1993. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI9329599.

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This dissertation examines the impacts of family policies on the economic position of women in East and West Germany in 1989-90. Chapter I reviews and critiques neoclassical and Marxian theories of women's subordination, focussing on the neoclassical postulate of a joint household utility function and the absence of a Marxian analysis of reproduction. Chapter II describes and analyzes the specific family policies and policy climates of East and West Germany prior to unification in 1990, providing a brief overview of the history of family policy, women's employment, and fertility from World War I to the present. Chapter III models the costs of childrearing, state subsidies of childrearing, and the shares of the remaining costs distributed to men and women, using 1989-90 data from the German Socio-Economic Panel. Estimated costs include the opportunity costs of women's earnings and men's and women's leisure. Chapter IV uses the same data to compare the effects of family policies on the childbearing choices of women of different marital status, educational backgrounds, incomes, and levels of labor force attachment within each country. Chapter V models the allocation of household work, with a focus on male/female bargaining power in East and West Germany, again using cross-sectional analysis. Chapter VI summarizes the results of the dissertation as a whole.

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Chen, Wei-Ming, and 陳瑋明. "Bureaucracy in Germany and France, and Its Relationships with Democracy:A Comparative Analysis of Internal Labor Market." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/21954803660707330666.

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碩士
東吳大學
政治學系
93
The theis focuses on the career paths forged by German and Franch bureaucratic systems with internal labor market theory, and its impacts on bureaucrats individually. In an internal labor market, there is mechanism developing special human resources. And specific career path rules are laid down to attract the talented. Thus, I employ the theory to analyze the closed bureaucratic system. Both states are closed bureaucratic system. In other words, lower positions are filled by the newly recruited while higher positions are filled only by experienced members. In the long run, the longer a member stays in it, the better rewards or social prestige he get. The thesis will look into the personnel policy as well as the interactions within hierarchy in both countries. In the end, the performance of both countries will be analyzed with internal labor market theory comparatively. Besides, burearcracies and the relationships with civil society are part of the study. I will look into the differences between politically decentralized Germany and centralized France to understand how these differences affect policy formation and implementation.

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DECLERCQ, Robrecht. "The Leipzig fur industry as an industrial district : collective action, lead firms and world market transformation (1870-1939)." Doctoral thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/35018.

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Defence date: 11 February 2015
Examining Board: Professor Dr. Heinz-Gerhard Haupt (EUI/Supervisor) ; Professor Dr. Youssef Cassis (EUI/Second Reader)
While it has been commonly held that both industrialisation and the emergence of modern capitalism favoured the rise of big business, regionally entrenched and decentralised modes of production have nonetheless persisted. The concept of the industrial district, which describes the spatial concentration of small to medium-sized firms and highly specialised businesses in a single sector, is one of the most well-known examples of such an alternative to big business and corporate development. The robustness of districts has been traditionally explained by a number of advantages that were generated through the proximity of firms: a predisposition towards cooperation, inter-firm networks, and the sharing of innovations or technological modifications. These factors mitigate the costs of decentralisation. A large number of historical studies have used the concept of the industrial district in order to revive 'alternative' worlds of industrialisation, to nuance the spread of corporate development, and to modify teleological accounts of modern capitalism. Most importantly, the emphasis on geographically defined industrial districts has revealed regional dynamism and economic variety beneath the level of national statistics.

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Moyo, Mbuso. "How effective is EPWP employment in enhancing the employability of participants once they exit these programmes? the case of the Modimola Integrated Expanded Public Works Programme (EPWP), North West province." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/12993.

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The purpose of this research was to investigate the efficacy of EPWP employment in enhancing workers’ subsequent employability once they exit these programmes. The study also examined the conditions of EPWP employment to glean evidence about whether or not jobs offered in these programmes are distinguishable from other forms of casual employment preponderant within the South African labour market. Through the use of structured interviews complemented by individual diaries conducted with thirty-two former participants of the Modimola Integrated EPWP in the North West province this study reveals that public works employment is not distinguishable from other forms of “precarious” employment when evaluated against the general indicators of labour market security, minimum wages and benefits, working time, training, and union representation, inter alia. Contrary to the documented policy expectation that EPWP employment will enhance workers’ skills and labour market exposure and thereby improve their subsequent labour market performance, this study reveals that public works employment was not successful in enhancing participants’ access to other employment opportunities. This study found a broad unemployment level of 97% amongst former participants of the Modimola EPWP almost five years after they went through the programme’s training component. The principal reason given by all the respondents was overwhelmingly lack of employment opportunities that required a recipe of skills they had acquired during participation in this programme.

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Rouček, Martin. "Proměny britského, německého a francouzského trhu práce v letech 2007-2010." Master's thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-357460.

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The MA thesis called "Transformation of the labour markets in the United Kingdom, Germany and France in 2007-2010" tests the theory underlying models of capitalism in the context of the EU's Europeanization policies. The theoretical concept is analysed through labour market reforms in the UK, Germany and France between 2007 and 2010. For the purposes of this work, the United Kingdom represents a liberal market economy, Germany a coordinated market economy and France is considered a state-influenced market economy. The time span of the present study is linked to the concept of flexicurity, i.e. the EU's policy aiming to modernize and harmonize the Member States' labour markets, implemented in 2007-2010 within the Lisbon Strategy. The primary objective of the present work is to verify whether the labour market reforms introduced by the British, German and French governments corresponded to their national models of capitalism in the period from 2007 to 2010. The present thesis also explores the degree to which the national governments and socials partners of the UK, Germany and France identified with the concept of flexicurity in 2007-2010. Using the method of a comparative synchronous case study, the research shows that not all labour market reforms were in full compliance with the national models....

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Holthaus, Stephan. "Zwischen Gewissen und Gewinn: die Wirtschafts- und Sozialordnung des „Freiburger Bonhoeffer-Kreises“ und ihre christliche Begründung." Diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/18835.

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Text in German
Die wirtschaftspolitische Konzeption der Bundesrepublik Deutschland wird seit 1948 als „Soziale Marktwirtschaft“ bezeichnet. Es beruht auf den Prinzipien des Leistungswettbewerbs, geregelt durch staatliche Ordnungen und ergänzt durch einen sozialen Ausgleich. Die „Soziale Marktwirtschaft“ geht dabei einen Mittelweg zwischen einer liberalen laissezfaire Wirtschaftsordnung und einer staatlichen Planwirtschaft. Vorliegende Arbeit untersucht zum ersten Mal im Detail ein Vorläuferdokument der Sozialen Marktwirtschaft, die „Freiburger Denkschrift“ aus dem Jahr 1943. In dieser Nachkriegsordnung, eine Auftragsarbeit der „Bekennenden Kirche“, finden sich alle Grundprinzipien der später eingeführten Sozialen Marktwirtschaft, eingebettet in ein umfangreiches christliches Reformprogramm für den Wiederaufbau Deutschlands. Die Arbeit analysiert den Hintergrund der Verfasser und die Inhalte der Denkschrift. Konkret wird gezeigt, welche Überzeugungen der christlichen Ethik sich in den wirtschaftspolitischen Forderungen der Denkschrift niedergeschlagen haben. Außerdem wird die Denkschrift in den biographischen Kontext der Verfasser und die zeitgeschichtlichen theologischen Zusammenhänge eingeordnet, denn viele Thesen des Dokuments reflektieren Diskussionsprozesse der damaligen Zeit. Zudem kann gezeigt werden, dass in die Freiburger Denkschrift sowohl protestantische wie auch römisch-katholische Elemente Eingang gefunden haben.
Since 1948 the economic system of the Federal Republic of Germany is called “Social Market Economy”. It is based on the principles of competitive markets, ensured by governmental competition policy and supplemented by social insurance and public assistance. The “Social Market Economy” takes a middle road between a liberal laissez-faire economy and a a centrally planned economy. The current study examines for the first time in detail the document that preceded the “Social Market Economy,” the 1943 “Freiburg Memorandum”. In this work, commissioned by the Confessing Church of the Third Reich as a post-war system, all fundamental principles of the later “Social Market Economy” can be found embedded in a comprehensive Christian reform program for the reconstruction of Germany. This dissertation analyzes the background of the authors and the contents of the memorandum. We will show specifically which convictions of Christian ethics were incorporated into the economic-political requests of the document. In addition the memorandum will be connected to the biographical context of the authors and the theological context of their time, as many theses put forward in the document reflect discussions that were in progress at that time. Also, it can be shown that Protestant as well as Roman-Catholic elements found entrance into the “Freiburg Memorandum”.
Philosophy, Practical & Systematic Theology
M.Th. (Theological Ethics)

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