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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Labor market – Germany

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Academic literature on the topic 'Labor market – Germany'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 March 2023

Last updated: 11 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Labor market – Germany"

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Burda, Michael C., and Stefanie Seele. "Reevaluating the German labor market miracle." German Economic Review 21, no. 2 (June 26, 2020): 139–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ger-054-19.

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AbstractFrom 2003 to 2018, employment in Germany increased by 7.3 million, or by 19.3 % – growth not observed since unification. This “labor market miracle” was marked by a persistent and significant expansion of both part-time and low-wage jobs and a deterioration in pay for these jobs, while total hours hardly increased; overall wage growth returned only after 2011. These developments followed in the wake of the landmark Hartz reforms (2003–2005). A modified framework of Katz and Murphy (1992) predicts negative correlation of wages with both relative employment and participation across cells in the period following these reforms. In contrast, wage moderation alone should generate positive association of wages and participation. Our findings are most consistent with a persistent, positive labor supply shock at given working-age population in a cleared labor market. An alternative perspective of labor markets, the search and matching model, also points to the Hartz IV reforms as the central driver of the German labor market miracle.

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Han, Jong-Soo. "Labor Market Reforms in Germany and Non-regular Labor Market." Journal of Peace Studies 15, no. 1 (March 30, 2014): 197–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.14363/kaps.2014.15.1.197.

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Braun, Sebastian, and Toman Omar Mahmoud. "The Employment Effects of Immigration: Evidence from the Mass Arrival of German Expellees in Postwar Germany." Journal of Economic History 74, no. 1 (February 24, 2014): 69–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050714000035.

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This article studies the employment effects of one of the largest forced population movements in history, the influx of millions of German expellees to West Germany after World War II. This episode of forced mass migration provides a unique setting to study the causal effects of immigration. Expellees were not selected on the basis of skills or labor market prospects and, as ethnic Germans, were close substitutes to native West Germans. Expellee inflows substantially reduced native employment. The displacement effect was, however, highly nonlinear and limited to labor market segments with very high inflow rates.

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Mika, Tatjana. "The Declining Pension Wealth of Employment for the Birth Cohorts 1935–1974 in Germany." Statistics, Politics and Policy 13, no. 1 (February 23, 2022): 97–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/spp-2021-0022.

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Abstract Social inequality in the labor market leads to similarly unequal pension entitlements. From a life-course perspective, however, there are two components of inequality in the labor market: the degree of stability of employment until retirement, as well as the amount of gross income earned in periods of employment. The following analysis focuses on working-life and income trajectories of the birth cohorts 1935–1974 in East and West Germany until age 40. The results demonstrate a structural shift in the German labor market towards less stable employment in the first half of the working career. The labor market therefore offered increasingly less stable employment, with an especially stark negative trend for East Germans. Only West German women born after 1945 experienced a positive trend in employment stability. For employees of all birth cohorts, the analysis demonstrates that instability in the employment career has a strong negative effect on income and, subsequently, on pension wealth. The impact of income discrimination against those with less employment stability thus remained similar for the later-born despite the more widespread experience of employment interruptions.

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Brunow, Stephan, and Oskar Jost. "Wages of Skilled Migrant and Native Employees in Germany: New Light on an Old Issue." International Migration Review 56, no. 2 (October 9, 2021): 410–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01979183211040505.

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The German Council of Economic Experts (GCEE) argues for a labor market-driven immigration of skilled migrants into Germany to overcome a decline in workforce due to demographic ageing. We pick up this current debate on skilled immigration by analyzing the migrant-native wage differential for skilled workers in Germany and consider various information on firms. Our results indicate that the wage gap is mainly explained by observable characteristics, especially labor market experience and firm characteristics. However, we find lower rewards for migrants’ labor market experience than for natives (flatter experience curves). Our results show that these differences in experience curves become negligible in the long run. Moreover, we reveal firms’ wage-setting policies: Firms evaluate a worker's education independent of migration backgrounds, as migrants possess the same productivity levels as their German counterparts in the same occupations and task levels. Due to Germany's heterogeneous immigration structure, we are able to compare the results for different migrant subgroups and, thus, derive valuable insights into the migrant-native wage structure with a wide reach beyond Germany. This article adds to current debates in various industrialized countries with demographic ageing patterns, as it focuses on an important group for domestic labor markets: skilled immigrants.

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Hoene, Bernd. "Labor Market Realities in Eastern Germany." Challenge 34, no. 4 (July 1991): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/05775132.1991.11471519.

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Jorg Michael, Dostal. "The German Political Economy between Deregulation and Re-regulation: Party Discourses on Minimum Wage Policies." Korean Journal of Policy Studies 27, no. 2 (August 31, 2012): 91–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.52372/kjps27205.

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In the German political economy of the early 21st century, labor market policymaking has shifted toward deregulation and liberalization. In particular, the so-called Hartz labor market reforms of the Social Democratic Party and Green Party government, introduced in 2002 and 2003, pushed for employment growth in low-wage and deregulated employment sectors. This article focuses on one of the key debates triggered by Germany`s labor market deregulation after 2002, namely whether the introduction of a statutory minimum wage is required to re-regulate the country`s labor market. Based on interviews with members of the five political parties in the German federal parliament and analysis of each party`s policy-making discourses over time (2002-2012), the article suggests that the deregulation of the last decade has triggered demand for new policies of reregulation. This would include the introduction of a statutory minimum wage in Germany at some future point in time. However, such re-regulation does not question earlier labor market liberalization but serves as a political side-payment to ingrain the shift of the German political economy toward a more liberal regime.

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Savenkova, A. S. "The youth’s perceptions of the labor market in Russia, China and Germany: A comparative analysis." RUDN Journal of Sociology 21, no. 3 (September 17, 2021): 520–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2272-2021-21-3-520-535.

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The study of the specifics of professional choice and of the factors that determine labor orientations of the youth is one of the urgent sociological tasks for researchers all over the world. The universal, supranational nature of this task under globalization explains the need to compare labor orientations of the Russian youth with their foreign peers. The article aims at assessing the basic ideas about the labor market of the youth in Russia, Germany and China. The empirical part of the article is presented by the survey and interviews of the Russian, German and Chinese youth. The author considers typical problems that the young professionals face when searching for a job, their opinions on the most important work qualities, similarities and differences in the perception of the ideal worker. Young people in Russia, Germany and China name different aspects of working life as the most important: Russian respondents value wages and the stability of organization more than the Chinese and especially German. On the other hand, German and Chinese students prefer activities that reveal personal creativity and leave space for personal life. Considering social capital, unlike their peers from Germany and China, Russian respondents do not associate the fact of having a university diploma with potential success in the labor market. More often than the Chinese and Germans respondents, the Russian youth mention nepotism and corruption as an obstacle to successful employment. Among the similar social perceptions of the respondents from three countries, one can name the difficulties associated with the lack of work experience. The interaction of educational institutions and employers can help in overcoming the difficulties that the young Russians face when searching for a job.

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Bachmann, Ronald, and Michael C. Burda. "Sectoral Transformation, Turbulence and Labor Market Dynamics in Germany." German Economic Review 11, no. 1 (February 1, 2010): 37–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0475.2009.00465.x.

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Abstract This paper analyzes the interaction between structural change and labor market dynamics in West Germany, during a period when industrial employment declined by more than 30% and service sector employment more than doubled. Using transition data on individual workers, we document a marked increase in structural change and turbulence, in particular since 1990. Net employment changes resulted partly from an increase in gross flows, but also from an increase in the net transition ‘yield’ at any given gross worker turnover. In growing sectors, net structural change was driven by accessions from nonparticipation rather than unemployment; contracting sectors reduced their net employment primarily via lower accessions from non-participation. German reunification and Eastern enlargement appear to have contributed significantly to this accelerated pace of structural change.

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Fritsch, Nina-Sophie, Roland Verwiebe, and Bernd Liedl. "Declining Gender Differences in Low-Wage Employment in Germany, Austria and Switzerland." Comparative Sociology 18, no. 4 (October 9, 2019): 449–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15691330-12341507.

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Abstract Although the low-wage employment sector has enlarged over the past 20 years in the context of pronounced flexibility in restructured labor markets, gender differences in low-wage employment have declined in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. In this article, the authors examine reasons for declining gender inequalities, and most notably concentrate on explanations for the closing gender gap in low-wage employment risks. In addition, they identify differences and similarities among the German-speaking countries. Based on regression techniques and decomposition analyses (1996-2016), the authors find significantly decreasing labor market risks for the female workforce. Detailed analysis reveals that (1) the concrete positioning in the labor market shows greater importance in explaining declining gender differences compared to personal characteristics. (2) The changed composition of the labor markets has prevented the low-wage sector from increasing even more in general and works in favor of the female workforce and their low-wage employment risks in particular.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Labor market – Germany"

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Schneck, Stefan [Verfasser]. "Labor market mobility in Germany / Stefan Schneck." Hannover : Technische Informationsbibliothek und Universitätsbibliothek Hannover (TIB), 2011. http://d-nb.info/1013288726/34.

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Kastrat, Merima, and Dilan Tas. "Does immigration affect native's labor market outcomes in Germany?" Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för nationalekonomi och statistik (NS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-88104.

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Germany is one of the several countries in Europe that have opened its borders to immigrants for many years. The admission of immigrants into Germany has contributed to the country being the second largest immigration destination in the world, and this has resulted in both negative and positive outcomes for the natives. In this essay, the effect of immigration on natives’ hourly wages and employment was examined, by using microdata for Germany. Native workers’ educational level attainments and 16 different regions in Germany were taken into account to obtain regional variation. Cross-sectional data was used for the years 2005, 2009 and 2015 in order to measure the effect of the share of immigrants on natives’ hourly wages and employment. The findings showed that the share of immigrants, had a positive effect on natives’ wages and employment in 2005 and 2009. In 2015, however, a negative relationship was found, with the share of immigrants impacting negatively on natives’ wages but not on employment. Thus, the study highlights the importance of immigrants on natives’ hourly wages and employment.

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Whang, Eun Ah [Verfasser]. "Social Security and Labor Market in Germany / Eun Ah Whang." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1176632086/34.

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Pancaldi, F. "EMPLOYERS ASSOCIATIONS AND LABOR MARKET POLICIES IN GERMANY AND ITALY." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/174256.

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To what extent did globalization generate uniform employers' pressures for employment protection deregulation and welfare state retrenchment? Which institutional arrangements did employers support and how did they influence policy-making processes in comparative perspective? This work answers these questions by investigating the positions of peak employers associations in Germany and Italy with respect to the reform processes of employment protection legislation and unemployment insurance systems between 1990 and 2008. Building on a theoretical distinction of the policy preferences of different employers groups in postindustrial economies, this research finds that relevant intra-business divides emerged during key reform events mainly between employers in small firms and in the low-productivity sectors and core manufacturing producers. In both countries, the point of contention was not whether to change inherited 'industrial' institutions but rather how to change them. Everywhere, small-firm employers struggled to gain as low levels of job protection and contribution rates to unemployment insurance as possible, whereas core producers indeed tended to advocate for more moderate adjustments. Research findings emphasize the growing influence of small business demands as a consequence of postindustrial economic-structural changes, and suggests that dual reform outputs are intrinsically associated with the development of service-based economies. Two variables are however found shaping different policy arrangements mainly with respect to dismissal protection and unemployment insurance systems in Germany and Italy. On one side, the distributional outcomes of industrial policy structures spurred stronger discontentment with existing labor market institutions among German small-firm employers than among Italian employers. On the other hand, different peak associational systems were conducive to different capacities of employers to organize collective action. An encompassing system facilitated intra-business coordination and the predominance of a 'logic of influence' vis-à-vis other actors in Germany. By contrast, a fragmented associational system incentivized competing positions between different business segments in Italy and oriented them to pursue particularistic reform objectives, consistently with a 'logic of membership'.

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Diaz, Pablo F. "Labor market integration of immigrants in France, Germany and the United Kingdom." Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2010. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2010/Mar/10Mar%5FDiaz%5FPablo.pdf.

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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Europe and Eurasia))--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2010.
Thesis Advisor(s): Siegel, Scott ; Shore, Zachary. "March 2010." Description based on title screen as viewed on April 26, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: Labor Market Integration, Immigrants, France, Germany, United Kingdom Institutional Racism, Education, Language. Includes bibliographical references (p. 83-88). Also available in print.

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Seele, Stefanie Sophie. "Essays on the German Labor Market since Unification." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/19682.

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Das Ziel dieser Thesis ist es, Angebots- und Nachfragefaktoren in Deutschland seit der Wiedervereinigung zu analysieren. Drei verschiedene Arbeitsmarktmodelle dienen dazu: Ein Wettbewerbsmodell (Marshall (1920)), ein rigides Arbeitsmarktmodell (Pigou (1933)) und ein Matchingmodell (Pissarides (2000)). Unterschiedliche Hypothesen über den Zusammenhang von mehreren Arbeitsmarktindikatoren werden theoretisch hergeleitet und empirisch evaluiert. Diese Arbeit adressiert drei Forschungsfragen: Welcher Art ist das große Beschäftigungswachstum in Deutschland nach 2005? Waren Angebots- oder Nachfragefaktoren wichtiger für die Lohnspreizung nach 2003? Welche der zwei Hypothesen ist plausibel? a) Ein negativer Schock auf die Lohnstarrheit wegen sinkender Gewerkschaftsmacht und/oder beschäftigungsbewussten Lohnabschlüssen oder b) ein positiver Arbeitsangebotsschock aufgrund von Arbeitsmarktreformen. Die Antworten auf die drei Fragen sind: Das Beschäftigungswachstum seit 2005 vollzog sich primär über eine Ausweitung der Erwerbstätigen durch mehr Teilzeitarbeit. Die Lohnspreizung auch für Teilzeitbeschäftigte, welche mit einem eigens erstellten synthetischen Datensatz untersucht wird, begann 2003 und endete 2011. Die Kovariation des deutschen Arbeitsmarkts in dieser Zeit, also negative Korrelationen von Löhnen mit Beschäftigungs- bzw. Partizipationsmaßen, passen am besten zu einem Wettbewerbsmodell mit dominanten positiven Arbeitsangebotsschocks. Interpretation ist, dass diese positiven Angebotsschocks durch die Arbeitsmarktreformen induziert wurden.
The goal of this thesis is to analyze labor demand and labor supply factors in Germany since reunification. It is based on three different labor market frameworks: a competitive labor market model (Marshall (1920)), a rigid labor market model (Pigou (1933)), and a search-and-matching model (Pissarides (2000)). Differing hypothesis about the co-variation of labor market indicators are derived theoretically, and are evaluated empirically. Three research questions are addressed in this thesis: What is the nature of the large expansion of employment in Germany after 2005? Were supply or demand factors more important for the increase in employment and wage dispersion after 2003? Which of the two competing hypotheses is more plausible? a) A negative shock to wage rigidity due to declining union power and/or more employment-conscious wage bargaining, or b) a positive labor supply shock due to changes in labor market policies. The main findings corresponding to the three stated research questions are: The expansion of employment in Germany since 2005 has primarily been at the extensive margin due to the increase of part-time employment. The Dispersion of hourly wages, which is expanded in a synthetic panel to include part-time employment, began in 2003 and ended in 2011. The labor market outcomes in Germany in this period, namely the negative correlation of wages with employment and participation, correspond most closely to the competitive labor market model with dominant supply shocks. These positive labor supply shocks are interpreted to be induced by major labor market reforms.

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Lüthen, Holger [Verfasser]. "Essays on long-term labor market developments and retirement in Germany / Holger Lüthen." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1105472353/34.

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Spick, Manon. "The Assimilation of Turkish Immigrants in the German Labor Market : Cross-national comparative study with the Austrian labor market and emphasis on differences in integration policies." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för nationalekonomi och statistik (NS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-96246.

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The economic assimilation of immigrants is one of the main topics of the migration economic literature. The United States, the United Kingdom, or even Canada, are usually chosen to lead such studies. We have decided to observe the differences in immigrant’s economic assimilation between two host countries which are less studied in empirical papers and very similar in terms of geography and language: Germany and Austria. The country of origin for the immigrants observed in this study is Turkey because Turkish immigrants are highly represented among the immigrant population in the both host countries. We have found that both female and male Turkish immigrants assimilate faster in Germany than in Austria. This faster assimilation could be partly due to the implementation of less restrictive migratory policies in Germany compared to Austria

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Tolan, Songül [Verfasser]. "Partial Retirement, Financial Student Aid, and Labor Market Responses : Empirical Evidence from Germany / Songül Tolan." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1144955386/34.

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Raddatz, Liv. "BETWEEN CONTINUITY AND CHANGE: EXPLORING POLISH MIGRANTS' EXPERIENCES IN THE LABOR MARKET OF BERLIN, GERMANY." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2015. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/324151.

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Geography
Ph.D.
The European migration context has changed drastically in recent years because of the eastward enlargements of the European Union (EU) in 2004 and 2007. Almost all citizens of the 28 EU member states now have the right to live and work in any of the other EU countries. The demise of borders and removal of formal labor market access restrictions within the EU has spurred substantial east to west migration. This dissertation explored how recent and more established Polish migrants experience and navigate the labor market in Berlin, Germany, given these recent regulatory changes. The study focused in particular on the role of Polish migrants' social ties as well as regulatory and institutional factors. The research involved six months of fieldwork in Berlin that resulted in 44 in-depth interviews with Polish migrants and key informants. The interviews not only gave insights into how Polish migrants integrate into Berlin's labor market but also shed light on the reasons for their migration and various other aspects of their lives. The most striking finding of the study is that Poles have not formed a cohesive community in the city and commonly experience co-ethnic social ties as a "social tax", rather than sources of social capital. The study suggests that a number of national policies as well as Berlin's geographic proximity help explain the absence of a unified and supportive Polish community in the city. Another key finding of the study is that Polish migrants are commonly channeled into irregular, precarious and even exploitive work arrangements in Berlin, especially in the domestic service, hospitality and construction sector. They continue to face a range of informal barriers that push many of them into the margins of Berlin's labor market, despite the abolishment of formal labor market access restrictions.
Temple University--Theses

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Books on the topic "Labor market – Germany"

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Franz, Schober, Matsugi Takashi 1936-, Universität Freiburg im Breisgau. Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Fakultät., and Nagoya Daigaku Keizai Gakubu, eds. Labor market issues in Japan and Germany. Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, 1998.

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Bosch, Gerhard. Low-wage work in Germany. New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2008.

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H, Bass Hans, Hozumi Toshihiko 1941-, and Staroske Uwe, eds. Labor markets and labor market policies between globalization and world economic crisis: Japan and Germany. München: Hampp, 2010.

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Bachmann, Ronald. Sectoral transformation, turbulence, and labor market dynamics in Germany. Essen: RWI Essen, 2007.

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Gerhard, Bosch, and Weinkopf Claudia, eds. Low-wage work in Germany. New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2008.

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Gerhard, Bosch, and Weinkopf Claudia, eds. Low-wage work in Germany. New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2008.

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Eichhorst, Werner. The gradual transformation of continental European labor markets: France and Germany compared. Bonn, Germany: IZA, 2007.

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Ehlert, Christoph R. Evaluation of German active labour market policies and their organisational framework. Wiesbaden: Springer Gabler, 2015.

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Polder, Michael. Dynamics of labour and capital adjustment: A comparison of Germany and the Netherlands. Bonn, Germany: IZA, 2004.

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Räisänen, Heikki. Labour market reforms and performance in Denmark, Germany, Sweden and Finland. [Helsinki]: Employment and Entrepreneurship Department, 2012.

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Book chapters on the topic "Labor market – Germany"

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Lučev, Josip. "Labor Market in Germany." In Systemic Cycle and Institutional Change, 185–223. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66053-6_7.

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Silvia, Stephen J. "7. Political Adaptation to Growing Labor Market Segmentation." In Negotiating the New Germany, edited by Lowell Turner, 157–76. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/9781501744891-010.

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Bosch, Gerhard, and Werner Sengenberger. "Employment Policy, the State, and the Unions in the Federal Republic of Germany." In The State and the Labor Market, 87–106. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0801-0_5.

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Keuschnigg, Christian. "Labor Market and Budgetary Effects of Eastern Enlargement in Germany." In Economic Impact of EU Membership on Entrants, 217–44. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-3407-2_10.

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Knuth, Matthias. "3. Active Labor Market Policy and German Unification: The Role of Employment and Training Companies." In Negotiating the New Germany, edited by Lowell Turner, 69–86. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/9781501744891-006.

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Camp, Jessica K., Eileen Trzcinski, and Stella Resko. "Family and Labor Market Policies in Germany: The Well-Being of Working Women." In Handbook on Well-Being of Working Women, 449–72. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9897-6_26.

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Bilecen, Başak. "Reciprocity Within Migrant Networks: The Role of Social Support for Employment." In IMISCOE Research Series, 159–78. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94972-3_8.

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AbstractThis chapter investigates the ways in which migrants’ perceive and mobilize their social relationships to enter into the labor market. Previous literature has ample evidence on the importance of social ties for migrants to find a job usually studying the received job information while underlining ethnicity of ties as if it is the only aspect that matters in the labor market. Going beyond those debates, this chapter argues that not only receiving information on jobs, but also being embedded in a supportive network in other realms such as care is equally significant in explaining the labor market positions of international migrants and their descendants. To this end, based on a qualitative personal network analysis with international migrants and migrant descendants from Turkey living in Germany, this chapter illustrates how such supportive resources are being exchanged in networks as well as their meanings for migrants’ labor market (non-)participation. After all, studying those migrants who found paid employment via their social ties is only one part of the explanation overlooking other factors such as support they receive or (expected to) give.

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Acar, Aslı Beyhan, and Güven Ordun. "The Importance of Temporary Work Agencies in Turkish Labor Market and a Comparative Study with Spain, Italy and Germany." In Labor and Employment Relations in a Globalized World, 231–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04349-4_11.

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Mitze, Timo. "A Panel VAR Approach for Internal Migration Modelling and Regional Labor Market Dynamics in Germany." In Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems, 19–52. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-22901-5_2.

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Hillmert, Steffen. "Traditional Inequalities and New Insecurities: Long-Term Trends in the Transition to the Labor Market in Germany." In A Young Generation Under Pressure?, 57–76. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-03483-1_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Labor market – Germany"

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Giabelli, Anna, Lorenzo Malandri, Fabio Mercorio, Mario Mezzanzanica, and Andrea Seveso. "Skills2Graph: Processing million Job Ads to face the Job Skill Mismatch Problem." In Thirtieth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-21}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2021/708.

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In this paper, we present Skills2Graph, a tool that, starting from a set of users’ professional skills, identifies the most suitable jobs as they emerge from a large corpus of 2.5M+ Online Job Vacancies (OJVs) posted in three different countries (the United Kingdom, France, and Germany). To this aim, we rely both on co-occurrence statistics - computing a count-based measure of skill-relevance named Revealed Comparative Advantage (rca) - and distributional semantics - generating several embeddings on the OJVs corpus and performing an intrinsic evaluation of their quality. Results, evaluated through a user study of 10 labor market experts, show a high P@3 for the recommendations provided by Skills2Graph, and a high nDCG (0.985 and 0.984 in a [0,1] range), that indicates a strong correlation between the experts’ scores and the rankings generated by Skills2Graph.

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Balina, Signe, and Susanna Minder. "Literature Review On The German Labor Market." In The 8th International Scientific Conference "Business and Management 2014". Vilnius, Lithuania: Vilnius Gediminas Technical University Publishing House Technika, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bm.2014.070.

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Brecher, Christian, Tobias Kempf, and Werner Herfs. "Cognitive Control Technology for a Self-Optimizing Robot Based Assembly Cell." In ASME 2008 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2008-49521.

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In the face of global competition there is a great danger for countries with high labor costs (e.g. Germany) to lose more and more production plants to low-wage countries. Almost inevitably there will be a relocation of after-sales services as well as of research and development. Eventually this will cause a significant decline of wealth. For this reason especially high-wage countries are always striving for higher productivity of production processes. On the other hand the products have to be of high-end quality to ensure an advantage in the market. Thus there is an obvious dilemma between planning-orientation and value-orientation which has to be resolved. This could possibly be obtained by shifting planning efforts to the runtime system and at the same time enabling the system to adapt to changing requests and circumstances. In order to get there, automation technology is definitely playing a key role in present-day highly automated production processes. Unfortunately classical automation technology has not been supporting this kind of self-organizing, self-controlling and self-optimizing behavior. This paper introduces an approach to make production systems more “intelligent” based on the idea of a cognitive control architecture. At first the motivation and the research vision are introduced followed by an outline of the research approach. As a concrete example of an application a robot based assembly cell is described. The methods used and insights gained so far are presented in the second part, followed by an outlook towards future activities.

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Mimentza Martin, Janire. "CONSTITUTIONALITY OF BASIC INCOME IN GERMANY." In 6th International Scientific Conference ERAZ - Knowledge Based Sustainable Development. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/eraz.2020.295.

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At present, the precarious jobs do not assure the subsistence level, and the future forecasts “the end of work”. In addition, because of the defects and limits of the welfare systems, a rethinking of the social protection system is necessary: universal basic income seems to be the most popular option. However, basic income may represent a break with the traditional market rules: the model is inverted and the citizen gains “ freedom from work”, and not “through work”. This paradigm shift may represent a challenge for today’s model of social state based on the work ethic. Although the basic income is usually based on the idea of social reform, the perception of this study is that its implementation should be guided by a policy of small advances, which ultimately make possible a partial reform of the Social Security system, not its dismantling. This work shows that the German labour market, the Constitution, and the social state are not currently prepared for or in need of a universal Basic Income.

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Wurdack, Anja, and Philipp Vom Berge. "Geocoding of German Administrative Data." In CARMA 2016 - 1st International Conference on Advanced Research Methods and Analytics. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/carma2016.2016.3127.

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This presentation investigates the intra-urban spatial structure of labourmarket inequality. This has been difficult so far because of the requirement ofstandardized data collection at a very fine spatial scale. We present thepotential of geocoded register data on the German labour market forinequality research. The data cover the entire workforce liable to statutorysocial security and all working-age social benefit recipients. We start ouranalysis with a case study on the three largest German cities: Berlin,Hamburg, and Munich. The three cities show distinctly shaped spatialstructures in social inequality.

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Mustata, Cristian, Ileana Pantu, Voichita alexandra Ghenghea, Ioanlaurian Soare, and Petra Loefflerenescu. "CASE STUDY: E-LEARNING INSTRUMENTS TO IMPROVE GERMAN LANGUAGE COMPETENCES." In eLSE 2018. Carol I National Defence University Publishing House, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-18-102.

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The development of language competences is not always easy, especially in the case of German, which is perceived as much more difficult to master compared to English, because of its long combined words and its complicated grammar with many exceptions. The desire to learn German can be at a peak because of the increased attractiveness on the labour market of jobs needing a German language competence. But this desire is sometimes severely diminished by the vast amount of knowledge and know-how regarding vocabulary and grammar brought to the learner by traditional instruments. While these instruments have a certain value and must not be discarded, e-learning instruments can offer additional support to secure that vast amount of knowledge, while also increase the ability to use it, as well as the motivation to undertake the hard task of mastering German. The paper uses the case study method and it is describing the experience of the authors in combining traditional and e-learning instruments in order to teach German in and beyond the University Politehnica of Bucharest. The different examples described in the case study show how such instruments were implemented, what were their strengths and their weaknesses and how they may contribute to improve German competence for the learners, thus improving the quality of their life, by giving them better chances on the German speaking side of the Romanian and European labour market. The conclusions of the paper point out the main findings as well as the potential for future work in this field.

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Wahrendorf, M., M. Reuter, J. Hoebel, B. Wachtler, A. Hoehmann, and N. Dragano. "Regional disparities in SARS-CoV-2 infections by labour market indicators: a spatial panel analysis using nationwide German notification data." In Soziale Gesundheit neu denken: Herausforderungen für Sozialmedizin und medizinische Soziologie in der digitalen Spätmoderne – Gemeinsame Jahrestagung der DGSMP und der DGMS. Georg Thieme Verlag, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1753959.

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Walter, Sonja, and Jeong-Dong Lee. "Human capital depreciation and job tasks." In Seventh International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head21.2021.13078.

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This research aims to investigate the link between human capital depreciation and job tasks, with an emphasis on potential differences between education levels. We estimate an extended Mincer equation based on Neumann and Weiss’s (1995) model using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel. The results show that human capital gained from higher education levels depreciates at a faster rate than other human capital. Moreover, the productivity-enhancing value of education diminishes faster in jobs with a high share of non-routine analytical, non-routine manual, and routine cognitive tasks. These jobs are characterized by more frequent changes in core-skill or technology-skill requirements. The key implication of this research is that education should focus on equipping workers with more general skills in all education levels. With ongoing technological advances, work environments, and with it, skill demands will change, increasing the importance to provide educational and lifelong learning policies to counteract the depreciation of skills. The study contributes by incorporating a task perspective based on the classification used in works on job polarization. This allows a comparison with studies on job obsolescence due to labor-replacing technologies and enables combined education and labor market policies to address the challenges imposed by the Fourth Industrial Revolution.

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Melibaeva, Sevara, Joseph Sussman, and Travis P. Dunn. "Comparative Study of High-Speed Passenger Rail Deployment in Megaregion Corridors: Current Experiences and Future Opportunities." In 2011 Joint Rail Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2011-56115.

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Deployment of high-speed passenger rail services has occurred around the world in densely-populated corridors, often with the effect of either creating or enhancing a unified economic “megaregion” agglomeration. This paper will review the technical characteristics of a variety of megaregion corridors, including Japan (Tokyo-Osaka), France (Paris-Lyon), and Germany (Frankfurt-Cologne), and their economic impacts. There are many lessons to be drawn from the deployment and ongoing operation of high-speed passenger rail service in these corridors for other countries now considering similar projects, such as the US and parts of the European Union. First, we will review three international cases, describing the physical development of each corridor as well as its measured impacts on economic development. In each case, the travel time reductions of the high-speed service transformed the economic boundaries of the urban agglomerations, integrating labor and consumer markets, while often simultaneously raising concerns about the balance of growth within the region. Moreover, high-speed travel within the regions has had important implications for the modes and patterns of travel beyond the region, particularly with respect to long-distance air travel. An example is the code-shared rail-air service between DeutscheBahn and Lufthansa in the Frankfurt-Cologne corridor. Next, we will examine the implications of these international experiences for high-speed rail deployment elsewhere in the world, particularly the US and Portugal, one of the EU countries investing in high-speed rail. Issues considered include the suitability of high-speed passenger rail service in existing megaregions as well as the potential for formation of megaregions in other corridors. By understanding the impact of high-speed passenger service on economic growth, labor markets, urban form, and the regional distribution of economic activity, planners can better anticipate and prepare countermeasures for any negative effects of high-speed rail. Examples of countermeasures include complementary investments in urban and regional transit connections and cooperation with airlines and other transportation service operators. High-speed passenger rail represents a substantial investment whose implementation and ultimate success depends on a wide range of factors. Among them is the ability of planners and decision-makers to make a strong case for the sharing of benefits across a broad geography, both within and beyond the megaregion (and potential megaregion) corridors where service is most likely to be provided. This paper provides some useful lessons based on international experiences.

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Ghenghea, Voichita alexandra. "A NEW APPROCH IN CURRICULUM PLANNING FOR ENGINEERING STUDENTS." In eLSE 2015. Carol I National Defence University Publishing House, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-15-246.

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With respect to the changing profile of the engineer in a globalized world, the author believes that teaching specialized languages at technical universities completes the study of future engineers and opens them doors to an international career. Students should be made aware of their responsibility towards ensuring the effectiveness of knowledge transfer among laymen/endusers, who often have difficulty in understanding specialized texts. Therefore, an update of curriculum planning, made possible by the inclusion of a new course offer like Technical Documentation at the University ,,Politehnica" of Bucharest, is a timely requirement for technical universities in Romania, if we envisage a revised profile of the engineering qualification in the global labour market. The author proceeds first to an empirical analysis of texts chosen: German and Romanian documentation, user manuals for electrical appliances, which are instructional texts placed at the interface between technology, marketing and public. They are considered from the viewpoint of intelligibility of discourse and from an intercultural perspective as well. The results confirm the working assumption that documentation should correspond to certain quality standards. The author then describes various individual tasks students solve online in the German languge class, related on the one hand to websites of different companies and on the other hand to documentation of appliances these companies produce. Websites and user manuals are evaluated by students according to two checklists which enable them to differentiate between general vs. particular/intercultural features. Step by step they become aware of the way how knowledge transfer among endusers is performed and which are the means of improving it. In the long run both content and language skills are improved and they may constitute the premisses of a successful start as an engineer.

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Reports on the topic "Labor market – Germany"

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Franz, Wolfgang, Joachim Inkmann, Winfried Pohlmeier, and Volker Zimmermann. Young and Out in Germany: On the Youths' Chances of Labor Market Entrance in Germany. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, October 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w6212.

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Abraham, Katharine G., and Susan N. Houseman. Does Employment Protection Inhibit Labor Market Flexibility?: Lessons from Germany, France and Belgium. W.E. Upjohn Institute, March 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.17848/wp93-16.

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D'Amuri, Francesco, Gianmarco I. P. Ottaviano, and Giovanni Peri. The Labor Market Impact of Immigration in Western Germany in the 1990's. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, March 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w13851.

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Abraham, Katharine, and Susan Houseman. Does Employment Protection Inhibit Labor Market Flexibility? Lessons from Germany, France, and Belgium. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, June 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w4390.

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Burda, Michael, and Jennifer Hunt. What Explains the German Labor Market Miracle in the Great Recession? Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, June 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w17187.

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Kreyenfeld, Michaela R., and Dirk Konietzka. The transferability of foreign educational credentials - the case of ethnic German migrants in the German labor market. Rostock: Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, January 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.4054/mpidr-wp-2001-002.

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Krueger, Alan, and Jorn-Steffen Pischke. A Comparative Analysis of East and West German Labor Markets: Before and After Unification. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, August 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w4154.

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Moszyński, Michał. From Autonomy to Subordination? Relations Between the State and the Representations of Interests on the German Labour Market. Institute of Economics Research, January 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/eep.wp.2018.1.

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