Journal articles: 'Labor market – France'

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Kaas, Leo, Patrick A. Pintus, and Simon Ray. "Land collateral and labor market dynamics in France." European Economic Review 84 (May 2016): 202–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2014.11.002.

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Dobbelaere, Sabien, Rodolfo Lauterbach, and Jacques Mairesse. "Micro-evidence on product and labor market regime differences between Chile and France." International Journal of Manpower 37, no. 2 (May 3, 2016): 229–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijm-12-2014-0264.

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Purpose – Institutions, social norms and the nature of industrial relations vary greatly between Latin American and Western European countries. Such institutional and organizational differences might shape firms’ operational environment in general and the type of competition in product and labor markets in particular. The purpose of this paper is to identify and quantify industry differences in product and labor market imperfections in Chile and France. Design/methodology/approach – The authors rely on two extensions of Hall’s econometric framework for estimating price-cost margins by nesting three labor market settings (LMS) (perfect competition (PC) or right-to-manage bargaining, efficient bargaining (EB) and monopsony). Using an unbalanced panel of 1,737 firms over the period 1996-2003 in Chile and 14,270 firms over the period 1994-2001 in France, the authors first classify 20 comparable manufacturing industries in six distinct regimes that differ in the type of competition prevailing in product and labor markets. The authors then investigate industry differences in the estimated product and labor market imperfection parameters. Findings – Consistent with differences in institutions and in the industrial relations system in the two countries, the authors find regime differences across the two countries and cross-country differences in the levels of product and labor market imperfection parameters within regimes. Originality/value – This study is the first to compare the type and the degree of industry-level product and labor market imperfections inferred from consistent estimation of firm-level production functions in a Latin American and a Western European country. Using firm-level output price indices, the microeconomic production function estimates for Chile are not subject to the omitted output price bias, as is often a major drawback in microeconometric studies of firm behavior.

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Fellini, Ivana, and Raffaele Guetto. "A “U-Shaped” Pattern of Immigrants’ Occupational Careers? A Comparative Analysis of Italy, Spain, and France." International Migration Review 53, no. 1 (April 5, 2018): 26–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0197918318767931.

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The international literature hypothesized a “U-shaped” pattern of immigrants’ occupational trajectories from origin to destination countries due to the imperfect transferability of human capital. However, empirical evidence supporting this hypothesis is available only in single-country studies and for “old,” Anglo-Saxon migration countries with deregulated labor markets. This article compares Italy, Spain, and France, providing evidence that the more segmented the labor market, the higher immigrants’ occupational downgrade on arrival, independently from skills transferability and other individual characteristics. Paradoxically, the more segmented the labor market, the more important the acquisition of host-country specific human capital for subsequent upward mobility.

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Berson, Clémence. "Fixed-Term Contracts and Labor Market Duality in France." De Economist 166, no. 4 (March 31, 2018): 455–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10645-018-9318-y.

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Vickstrom, Erik R., and Amparo González-Ferrer. "Legal Status, Gender, and Labor Market Participation of Senegalese Migrants in France, Italy, and Spain." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 666, no. 1 (June 14, 2016): 164–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716216643555.

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Policymakers are understandably concerned about the integration of migrants into labor markets. This article draws on retrospective data from the MAFE-Senegal (Migration between Africa and Europe) survey to show that the effect of legal status on Senegalese migrants’ labor market participation in France, Italy, and Spain differs for men and women because of gendered immigration policies. We find that there is little association between Senegalese men’s legal status and their labor force participation. For Senegalese women, however, those who legally migrate to these countries for family reunification are more likely to be economically inactive upon arrival than women with other legal statuses. Family reunification does not preclude labor market participation entirely, however, as some of these women eventually transition into economic activity.

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Reitz, Jeffrey G., Emily Laxer, and Patrick Simon. "National Cultural Frames and Muslims’ Economic Incorporation: A Comparison of France and Canada." International Migration Review 56, no. 2 (January 10, 2022): 499–532. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01979183211035725.

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This article shows that differences in the economic incorporation of Muslims and other immigrant minorities in France and in Canada are mainly related to immigrant selectivity, labor market structures, and welfare transfers. Differences in ethno-specific penalties due to national cultural frames — related to multiculturalism in Canada and secular republicanism in France — are small, affect only the second generation, and are related both to minority household patterns and to treatment in mainstream institutions. Using data on household incomes from two large-scale surveys (Trajectories and Origins in France 2008–2009 and the Canadian National Household Survey 2011) and taking account of cross-setting differences in Muslim and other minority origins, we model cross-generational economic trajectories reflecting the impact of immigrant selectivity, labor market structures, and welfare transfers. Within this framework, we examine four ways that cultural frames may affect minority economic disadvantage: the significance of religion relative to race, citizenship access, labor market discrimination, and minority household patterns, including employment of women in couples and intergenerational cohabitation. Across all minorities, we find a striking cross-national difference in intergenerational economic trajectories: flat in France and upward in Canada, plausibly reflecting institutional differences. Net of sociodemographic controls, both religion and race matter in each setting, and net Muslim disadvantage is similar in each. Citizenship differences have little impact. Labor market earnings discrimination appears similar. A small potential effect of cultural frames appears in second-generation Muslim households: in France, lower female employment rates reduce household incomes, while in English-speaking Canada, more frequent cohabitation with more affluent parents increases household incomes. Yet even these findings do not necessarily diminish the overriding significance of immigrant selectivity, labor market structure, and welfare transfers.

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Crépon, Bruno, Esther Duflo, Marc Gurgand, Roland Rathelot, and Philippe Zamora. "Do Labor Market Policies have Displacement Effects? Evidence from a Clustered Randomized Experiment *." Quarterly Journal of Economics 128, no. 2 (April 8, 2013): 531–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjt001.

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Abstract This article reports the results from a randomized experiment designed to evaluate the direct and indirect (displacement) impacts of job placement assistance on the labor market outcomes of young, educated job seekers in France. We use a two-step design. In the first step, the proportions of job seekers to be assigned to treatment (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, or 100%) were randomly drawn for each of the 235 labor markets (e.g., cities) participating in the experiment. Then, in each labor market, eligible job seekers were randomly assigned to the treatment, following this proportion. After eight months, eligible, unemployed youths who were assigned to the program were significantly more likely to have found a stable job than those who were not. But these gains are transitory, and they appear to have come partly at the expense of eligible workers who did not benefit from the program, particularly in labor markets where they compete mainly with other educated workers, and in weak labor markets. Overall, the program seems to have had very little net benefits.

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International Monetary Fund. "France: Selected Issues--Labor Market Developments and Wage Moderation in France in the 1990s." IMF Staff Country Reports 01, no. 198 (2001): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781451813579.002.

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Loriaux, Michael. "The Left's Dirty Job: The Politics of Industrial Restructuring in France and Spain By W. Rand Smith. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1998. 363p. $50.00 cloth, $22.95 paper." American Political Science Review 96, no. 1 (March 2002): 250–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055402464337.

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W. Rand Smith compares socialist policies of industrial retrenchment in France and Spain during the 1980s and 1990s. Both governments sought to adapt their national economy to change in the global market, through investment incentives and labor policies, in a way that would avoid sectoral crisis or even collapse. They sought to achieve an “orderly exit” of labor from redundancy-plagued industrial sectors, notably steel and automobiles, through job retraining, help in establishing small businesses, relocation incentives, and improvements in the job market, not to mention such standard support mechanisms as severance payments and preretirement systems that supported the incomes of unemployed workers. There was a distinct convergence between French and Spanish policy around this kind of adaptive policy. Neither country after 1983 resisted global market trends through price controls or subsidies or trade protection, and neither government embraced market adjustment through more liberal policies of deregulation of capital or labor markets.

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Bol, Thijs, Christina Ciocca Eller, Herman G. van de Werfhorst, and Thomas A. DiPrete. "School-to-Work Linkages, Educational Mismatches, and Labor Market Outcomes." American Sociological Review 84, no. 2 (March 18, 2019): 275–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003122419836081.

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A recurring question in public and scientific debates is whether occupation-specific skills enhance labor market outcomes. Is it beneficial to have an educational degree that is linked to only one or a small set of occupations? To answer this question, we generalize existing models of the effects of (mis)match between education and occupation on labor market outcomes. Specifically, we incorporate the structural effects of linkage strength between school and work, which vary considerably across industrialized countries. In an analysis of France, Germany, and the United States, we find that workers have higher earnings when they are in occupations that match their educational level and field of study, but the size of this earnings boost depends on the clarity and strength of the pathway between their educational credential and the labor market. The earnings premium associated with a good occupational match is larger in countries where the credential has a stronger link to the labor market, but the penalty for a mismatch is also greater in such countries. Moreover, strong linkage reduces unemployment risk. These findings add nuance to often-made arguments that countries with loosely structured educational systems have more flexible labor markets and produce better labor market outcomes for workers. An institutional environment that promotes strong school-to-work pathways appears to be an effective strategy for providing workers with secure, well-paying jobs.

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Kistaubayeva, А. K. "Labor immigration of Kazakhs to France." BULLETIN of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. Historical sciences. Philosophy. Religion Series 133, no. 4 (2020): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2616-7255-2020-133-4-77-86.

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This article examines the state of labor immigration of the Kazakh Diaspora, as well as studying the possibilities of conditions for economic adaptation of Kazakhs in developed capitalist countries. The purpose of this study is to identify the causes of labor migration of Kazakhs to France. Based on this goal, the study solves the following tasks aimed at studying the history and current situation of Kazakhs living in France, in the focus of analyzing the policy of the French government in relation to immigration workers and employees in the 1945- 1980-ies; the reasons for labor immigration of Kazakhs to France. Western Europe has become a center of attraction for foreign workers coming here, primarily from the less developed countries of the continent, as well as from Turkey. In the last ten years, inter-state migration of workers in Western Europe has grown to unprecedented proportions. Every year, more than a million workers were sent from one European country to another in search of work. The reasons lay in the political and economic crisis, the increase in the unemployment rate, which was the result of an increase in the number of migrants among Kazakhs in France. The post-war economic situation caused the demand for workers to restore the economy destroyed by the war, and led to an increase in the level of tariffs (wages). Scientists believe that the active replenishment of the French labor market with cheap foreign labor from other countries is due to the convenient location of France.

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Syrovatka, Felix. "Nuit Debout: Frankreich gerät in Bewegung!" PROKLA. Zeitschrift für kritische Sozialwissenschaft 46, no. 183 (June 1, 2016): 317–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.32387/prokla.v46i183.116.

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France is in motion! In spring 2016, a huge movement against the French labor law reform formed and is since then protesting in the streets and squares all over France. The article examines these struggles and asks, why the movement is currently on the rise. It discusses the struggles in relation to the general crisis dynamics and focuses on the protests of trade unions and civil society (Nuit Debout). Furthermore, the labor law reform of the Valls-Government is being illustrated in the context of the recent French labor market policy and its continuities.

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Maurin, Eric, and Julie Moschion. "The Social Multiplier and Labor Market Participation of Mothers." American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 1, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 251–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/app.1.1.251.

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In France, as in the US, a mother's labor market participation is influenced by the sex composition of her two eldest siblings. This paper shows that it is also affected by the sex composition of the eldest siblings of the other mothers living in the same close neighborhood. Using the sex composition of neighbors' eldest siblings as an instrumental variable, we identify a significant elasticity of own labor market participation to neighbors' participation. We present supportive evidence by comparing the estimates under two regimes for family benefits (pre- and post-1994 reform) and using quarter of birth as an alternative instrument. (JEL J16, J22)

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14

Ryan, Paul. "The School-to-Work Transition: A Cross-National Perspective." Journal of Economic Literature 39, no. 1 (March 1, 2001): 34–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jel.39.1.34.

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School-to-work patterns and issues are discussed for seven economies (France, Germany, Japan, the Netherlands, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States). The emphasis is placed on differences across countries in the current labor market position of young people and recent trends therein, along with the institutions that regulate youth education, training, and employment. The power of public policies—including labor market deregulation, labor market programs, vocationalization of education, and apprenticeship—to improve youth outcomes is discussed, drawing on national evaluation literatures. Evidence of extensive policy failure points up the need to develop nationally appropriate institutions to improve school-to-work transitions.

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Langevin, Gabin, David Masclet, Fabien Moizeau, and Emmanuel Peterle. "Ethnic gaps in educational attainment and labor-market outcomes: evidence from France." Education Economics 25, no. 1 (May 10, 2016): 84–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09645292.2016.1183591.

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Lane, Christel. "Gender and the Labor Market in Europe: Britain, Gennany, and France Compared." International Journal of Sociology 25, no. 2 (June 1995): 8–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15579336.1995.11770107.

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Nord, P. "Labor, Commerce and Consumption: Studies in Market Culture in Nineteenth-Century France." Radical History Review 1987, no. 37 (January 1, 1987): 82–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/01636545-1987-37-82.

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Carrington, William J., and Pedro J. F. De Lima. "The Impact of 1970s Repatriates from Africa on the Portuguese Labor Market." ILR Review 49, no. 2 (January 1996): 330–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001979399604900210.

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This paper examines the labor market effect of the retornados who immigrated to Portugal from Angola and Mozambique in the mid-1970s following Portugal's loss of its African colonies. The retornados increased the Portuguese labor force by roughly 10% in just three years. Two analyses suggest contrasting conclusions. First, comparisons of Portugal with Spain and France indicate that any adverse effect of the retornados was quantitatively swamped by the Europe-wide downturn in labor market conditions in the 1970s. Second, comparisons between districts within Portugal indicate that the retornados may have had a strong adverse effect on Portuguese wages, suggesting that immigration may be considerably more harmful than previous case studies have concluded. The authors, however, regard the results of the within-Portugal analysis as less reliable than those of the comparison across countries.

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Panizzon, Marion. "Adjudicating labor mobility under France’s agreements on the joint management of migration flows: How courts politicize bilateral migration diplomacy." Theoretical Inquiries in Law 23, no. 2 (July 1, 2022): 326–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/til-2022-0021.

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Abstract France’s agreements on the joint management of migration flows (AJMs) figure centrally within studies of bilateral migration agreements. With their origins in friendship and navigation treaties of the late 19th century, the AJMs are successors to the postcolonial, circular mobility conventions of the 1960s, and are uniquely positioned for periodizing the evolution of bilaterally negotiated labor mobilities. Nonetheless, due to the European Union’s reluctance to embrace mass regularization and the EU Member States’ legislative powers over labor markets, they have time and again scotched France’s ambition to leverage preferential labor market entries in exchange for more cooperation over irregular migration. Through documents and statistical data analysis, this Article studies the case of Senegal’s negotiation of additional pathways to France for its lower-skilled workers. At the center is France’s administrative court of appeals, which has confirmed the broad margin of discretion over Art. 42 in the AJM between France and Senegal. This jurisprudence has decoupled the automatic linkage between a job listed under duress in France under the Annex to the AJM and the entitlement to exceptional admission. We argue that France’s courts have removed a privilege of Senegalese workers, which has re-politicized France’s migration diplomacy with Senegal. At the same time, retention of the prefectorial discretionary power has levelled the playing field among West and North African countries that have concluded similar bilateral agreements with France. This Article adds to the research on bilateral migration agreements by proposing a multilevel legal analysis, which studies AJMs in the context of France’s common law, EU labor and return directives, and the multilateral of WTO/GATS liberalization.

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Hunt, Jennifer. "The Impact of the 1962 Repatriates from Algeria on the French Labor Market." ILR Review 45, no. 3 (April 1992): 556–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001979399204500310.

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This paper uses census data to examine the impact on the French labor market of the 900,000 people repatriated from Algeria in 1962. Repatriates settled in regions culturally and climatically similar to Algeria, and represented 1.6% of the total French labor force in 1968. Estimates indicate that the repatriates increased the 1968 unemployment of non-repatriates by at most 0.3 percentage points. Average annual salaries were lower by at most 1.3% in 1967 due to their arrival. No evidence is found that potential immigrants from abroad and migrants within France were discouraged from moving to areas with many repatriates.

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Batyra, Anna, Olivier Pierrard, David de la Croix, and Henri R. Sneessens. "Structural Changes in the Labor Market and the Rise of Early Retirement in France and Germany." German Economic Review 20, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): e38-e69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/geer.12150.

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Abstract The rise of early retirement in Europe is typically attributed to the European system of taxes and transfers. A model with an imperfectly competitive labor market allows us to consider also the effects of bargaining power and of matching efficiency on pre-retirement. We find that lower bargaining power of workers and declining matching efficiency have been important determinants of early retirement in France and Germany. These structural changes, combined with early retirement transfers and population aging, are also consistent with the employment and unemployment rates, labor share and seniority premia.

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HOWELL, CHRIS. "The Dilemmas of Post-Fordism: Socialists, Flexibility, and Labor Market Deregulation in France." Politics & Society 20, no. 1 (March 1992): 71–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032329292020001005.

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Duguet, Emmanuel, and Véronique Simonnet. "Labor market participation in France: an asymptotic least squares analysis of couples’ decisions." Review of Economics of the Household 5, no. 2 (March 14, 2007): 159–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11150-007-9008-z.

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Oseev, A. A., and F. A. Dudueva. "The peculiarity of ethno-social relations in the Russian labor market: attitude towards immigrants in Russia (on the example of Moscow). Comparative analysis with countries of Western Europe." Moscow State University Bulletin. Series 18. Sociology and Political Science 26, no. 4 (December 31, 2020): 185–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.24290/1029-3736-2020-26-4-185-204.

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In developing the topic of ongoing research and already published works, the article reveals the peculiarity of ethno-social conflicts on the labor market in Russia (for example, Moscow). The state of ethno-social conflicts in the labor market is analyzed from the perspective of the socio-psychological paradigm of conflict management (L. Coser, C. Wright, K. Lorenz, A. Kharitonov and others). It is shown that the problem of interethnic tension is quite relevant for today's Russia.The article shows the attitude of the local population of Moscow towards labor migrants (positive and negative consequences of migration), their attitude to the dynamics of labor migration, and to cases of negative attitudes towards labor migrants. The frequency, causes, spheres of life in which the respondent was a direct participant, and how to resolve them are shown. Reasons that divide people of different nationalities. A comparative analysis of attitudes towards immigrants in Russia, the UK, Germany and France is given.

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Bergqvist, Tuula, and Birgitta Eriksson. "Passion and Exploitation Among Young Adults with Different Labor Market Status in Europe." Nordic Journal of Working Life Studies 5, no. 2 (June 26, 2015): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.19154/njwls.v5i2.4791.

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The aim of this article is to describe and analyze the relationship between attitudes to work, wellbeing, and labor market status among young adults in Europe and to discuss the extent to which the relationship can be understood in terms of passion or exploitation. This aim is made concrete in the following research questions: To what extent do young adults in Europe have a passionate attitude to work? Are there differences between groups with various labor market status and nationalities? Are there differences in levels of well-being between the groups of young adults with different labor market status, and differences between the countries? The results are based on an individual survey conducted with three categories of young people (18–34 years old): long-term unemployed, those in precarious employments, and those regularly employed. The study had a cross-national comparative design and the countries included were France, Germany, Italy, Poland, Sweden, and Switzerland.

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Bellocchi, Alessandro, Edgar J. Sanchez Carrera, and Giuseppe Travaglini. "What drives TFP long-run dynamics in five large European economies?" Economia Politica 38, no. 2 (January 22, 2021): 569–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40888-021-00215-x.

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AbstractThe aim of this paper is to study the long-run cointegrating relationship of TFP in a panel of five large European economies, namely France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and UK. We test whether TFP is determined by the so-called “capital misallocation effects, scale effects, and labor market effects”. By considering aggregate data, over the period 1983–2017, we employ dynamic panel cointegration techniques to identify the long-run component of TFP. We get two main results. First, the interest rate, the real compensation and the real exchange rate have a positive impact on TFP. Then, the incidence of temporary employment (a proxy of labor market flexibility) has a negative effect on TFP. Moreover, for robustness, we run a panel VECM to check for causalities among the variables. Notably, this further excercise confirms the existence of a strong and positive long-run relationship between TFP and prices. We conclude that coordinated policies on the issue of interest rate, exchange rate, labour cost and regulation, may allow to reassemble the productivity slowdown puzzle and strengthen the European economic structure.

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Amable, Bruno. "Who wants theContrat de Travail Unique? Social Support for Labor Market Flexibilization in France." Industrial Relations: A Journal of Economy and Society 53, no. 4 (September 22, 2014): 636–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/irel.12070.

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Kangas, Olli, and Veli-Matti Ritakallio. "Socialpolitik eller social struktur? Inkomsttransfereringar, socio-demografiska faktorer och fattigdom i Frankrike och de nordiska länderna." Dansk Sociologi 11, no. 3 (August 22, 2006): 49–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/dansoc.v11i3.623.

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Social Policy or Social Structure? Income Transfers, Socio demographic Factors and Poverty in the Nordic Countries and in France The paper compares poverty in Denmark, Finland, Norway, Sweden and France. We have (1) descriptive/analytical and (2) methodological goals. (1) We pool the four Nordic countries into a single data set and compare France with this “Scandinavia”. The results give strong evidence to the existence of the homogenous Scandinavian model in terms of incidence of poverty, poverty profiles, and the effectiveness of social policy. (2) The methodological objective is to “change the world” and simulate what would happen if France had the Scandinavian social structure – but its own social policy – and vice versa. Our re-weighting simulations show that the results of the “Scandinavization” of France depend on the method of simulation. First, a static simulation, changing the socio-economic structure, but preserving the present median incomes and poverty lines as they are, would almost eradicate poverty in France. The „Francofication“ of Scandinavia would lead to dramatic results in Scandinavia: the number of persons totally dependent on social transfers would increase, the effectiveness of transfer systems would decrease, and the poverty rate would rise near to the actual French figures. Second, in dynamic simulation we also change poverty lines to correspond actual median income (in “Scandi-France” the median income would rise – because of increased female labor force participation – and in “Franco-Scandinavia” decrease – because of lower female employ-ment). In “Scandi-France” the poverty rate would decrease close to the present Scandinavian figures, but the poor would be richer that the poor actually are in France. In “Franco-Scandinavia” the extension of poverty would be about the same as nowadays but the poor would be worse-off than they now are. In sum, differences in the French and Scandinavian poverty rates are explained by the dynamic interplay between social security and structural variables. However, differences in the family structure and in labor market behavior seem to be more important explanatory factors: about 2/3 of differences between countries are explained by these structural factors, while 1/3 is explained by income transfer systems. However, it is important to remember that these background factors are greatly affected by the institutional set-ups of the welfare states.

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Joly, Marie-Pier, and Jeffrey G. Reitz. "Emotional Stress and the Integration of Muslim Minorities in France and Canada." International Migration Review 52, no. 4 (April 5, 2018): 1111–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0197918318768551.

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This study examines theories of Muslim minority integration as these apply to republican France and multicultural Canada, using data on psychological distress as a key measure. Based on the 2001–2002 Canadian Community Health Survey and the 2008 French Enquête sur la Santé et la Protection Sociale, we find Muslim minorities experience higher levels of psychological distress than non-Muslims, not only in France but also in Canada. The Muslim difference is unrelated to religious attachment and rather is partly explained by high rates of unemployment or labor market inactivity.

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Ha Young Soo. "A Study on the Labor Laws and Workers’ Rights Ensure -1980∼1990’s Focus on Labor Market Policies in France－." Dankook Law Riview 35, no. 2 (December 2011): 317–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17252/dlr.2011.35.2.011.

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Rus Mihaela and Sandu Mihaela Luminita. "Social perception of the integration of Romani people (Gypsies) into the labor market." Technium Social Sciences Journal 5 (March 7, 2020): 170–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v5i1.137.

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Over the years, the gypsies have been the subject of various discussions, being cataloged as "dirty gypsies, thieves, lazy and who do not want to learn" and especially those responsible for the negative image of Romania abroad, in other words they were "the apple of discord" in the Romanian society. The "valves" were also opened after the incidents in France 2010 that generated new discussions on the problems due to the Roma, the optimal solution in solving these problems being the integration of the Roma in the society. However, the vast majority of Romanians are reluctant to integrate the gypsies into society, especially on the labor market, and this is due to the public image, most often negative, which gypsies "enjoy". We chose this theme, in the idea of supporting the integration of the Roma in the labor market, considering this step an advantage in favor of the economy of the country, since the limited access of Roma people to the labor market causes Romania to lose at least 887 million euros annually, according to a report by the World Bank. Also, we consider it is necessary to integrate them in the labor market and due to the fact that the taxes and social contributions that they pay are far below the majority population, with notable effects on the Gross Domestic Product. A final argument that contributed to the choice of this theme is that the integration of the members of this population in the labor market could be a positive proof for the efficiency of the policies and projects implemented over time in their favor.

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Berthold, Norbert, Rainer Rainer, and Eric Thode. "Falling Labor Share and Rising Unemployment: Long-Run Consequences of Institutional Shocks?" German Economic Review 3, no. 4 (December 1, 2002): 431–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0475.00067.

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Abstract The literature on unemployment has mostly focused on labor market issues while the impact of capital formation is largely neglected. Job creation is often thought to be a matter of encouraging more employment on a given capital stock. In contrast, this paper explicitly deals with the long-run consequences of institutional shocks on capital formation and employment. It is shown that the usual tradeoff between employment and wages disappears in the long run. In line with an appropriation model, the estimated values for the long-run elasticities of substitution between capital and labor for Germany and France are substantially greater than one.

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Daniel, Christophe, and Catherine Sofer. "Bargaining, Compensating Wage Differentials, and Dualism of the Labor Market: Theory and Evidence for France." Journal of Labor Economics 16, no. 3 (July 1998): 546–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/209898.

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Lefranc, Arnaud. "Unequal Opportunities and Ethnic Origin: The Labor Market Outcomes of Second-Generation Immigrants in France." American Behavioral Scientist 53, no. 12 (August 2010): 1851–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764210368100.

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Sychenko, Elena V. "Measures taken in the European Union to protect workers during the pandemic." Russian Journal of Labour & Law 12 (2022): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu32.2022.103.

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This article examines EU initiatives prompted by the need to protect the labor market and working citizens in member states, and measures taken at the national level in Germany and France. The EU’s involvement in ensuring protection of workers’ rights in pandemic circumstances has been limited to formulating recommendations to countries and financial assis-tance, as well as prioritizing the social element in European Union policies. This paper examines the Support to mitigate Unemployment Risks in an Emergency instrument developed by the EU in 2020 and the draft directive on an adequate minimum wage in the EU published at the height of the pandemic in autumn 2020. A review of measures in Germany and France focuses on a mechanism to reduce working hours during the period of economic activity restrictions by placing most costs on the state. In Germany, this is the Kurzarbeit (reduced working hours) program. In France, this is the transfer to reduced working hours with the permission of the administrative authority, in the case of lost wages caused by the temporary closure of the company or part of it, or reduction of working hours below the statutory working hours. The author concludes that the rapid economic and labor market recovery in these countries is, among other things, due to the financing of the wages lost due to wage restraint from the state budget. It is of interest to further study the foreign experience of implementing reduced working hours programs for possible use in Russia.

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Haider Bhatti, Sajjad, Jean Bourdon, and Muhammad Aslam. "Economic Returns to Education in France: OLS and Instrumental Variable Estimations." LAHORE JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS 18, no. 2 (July 1, 2013): 51–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.35536/lje.2013.v18.i2.a3.

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This article estimates the economic returns to schooling as well as analyzing other explanatory factors for the French labor market. It addresses the issue of endogeneity bias and proposes two new instruments for use in the instrumental variable two-stage least squares technique. Our results show that the proposed instruments are relevant and adequate, based on evidence from the available literature. After using the proposed instruments, we find that the OLS coefficients for schooling are biased downwards. Finally, we choose between the two proposed instruments.

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Кашницкий, Илья, Данил Аракелян, Софья Ахманаева, Анна Бежанишвили, Никита Ганжа, Наталия Клименко, and Юлия Лонщикова. "Демографический дайджест." Демографическое обозрение 4, no. 3 (December 22, 2017): 190–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/demreview.v4i3.7323.

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Leopold T., M. Kalmijn. Is divorce more painful when couples have children? Evidence from Long-term panel data on multiple domains of well-being Billari F.C., A.C. Liefbroer. Why still marry? The role of feelings in the persistence of marriage as an institution Beaujouan E. Second unions now more stable than first? A comparison of separation risks by union order in France Napierała J., A. Wojtyńska. Trapped in migrants’ sectors? Polish women in the Icelandic labour market Bonenkamp J., L. Meijdam, E. Ponds, E. Westerhout. Ageing-driven pension reforms Cools S., S. Markussen, M. Strøm. Children and careers: how family size affects parents’ labor market outcomes in the long run McEwen C.A., B.S. McEwen. Social structure, adversity, toxic stress, and intergenerational poverty: an early childhood model Auer D., G. Bonoli, F. Fossati. Why do immigrants have longer periods of unemployment? Swiss evidence Glaeser E.L., B.M. Steinberg. Transforming cities: does urbanization promote democratic change?

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Cohen, Miriam, and Michael Hanagan. "Politics, Industrialization and Citizenship: Unemployment Policy in England, France and the United States, 1890–1950." International Review of Social History 40, S3 (December 1995): 91–129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859000113616.

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With the “forward march of labor halted”, and labor movements everywhere in retreat, T.H. Marshall's state-based emphasis on social welfare as “social right” has reminded those interested in reform that appeals to membership in a national community, the essence of citizenship, have served to rally groups to successful struggles for reform. Those aspects of Marshall's ideas, best summarized in his classic 1949 address, “Citizenship and Social Class”, with the greatest resonance for modern social theorists revolve around the relationship between citizenship, rights and markets. For Marshall, “the universal status of citizenship” was a plane of equality such that “all who possess the status (of citizenship) are equal with respect to the rights and duties with which the status is endowed”. Rights were embodied in a common culture and enforced by state power. Marshall believed that, gradually, one particular kind of rights, “social rights”, would come to limit the power of the market. While markets would continue to exist and to generate social inequality, government redistribution would increasingly expand the plane of equality to include the most important aspects of material and cultural life. The distinctive feature of these social rights according to Marshall is that they were not exemptions, privileges or paternalistic solicitude for those excluded from what he labels the “national community”, but social rights were benefits given to members of the community to encourage and facilitate their continued participation.

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Baguelin, Olivier, and Delphine Remillon. "Unemployment insurance and management of the older workforce in a dual labor market: Evidence from France." Labour Economics 30 (October 2014): 245–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.labeco.2014.04.005.

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Dobbelaere, Sabien, Kozo Kiyota, and Jacques Mairesse. "Product and labor market imperfections and scale economies: Micro-evidence on France, Japan and the Netherlands." Journal of Comparative Economics 43, no. 2 (May 2015): 290–322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2014.08.006.

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Sneessens, Henri, and Bénédicte Maillard. "Investment, Sales Constraints and Profitability in France, 1957-1985." Recherches économiques de Louvain 54, no. 2 (1988): 151–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s077045180008324x.

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SummaryThis paper is devoted to the analysis of the investment behavior of the firm in the context of a quantity rationing (or disequilibrium) model with monopolistic competition on the goods market. Investment is entirely profit-driven as in the q-theory of investment. The profit variable is however decomposed into three components: the markup rate on variable costs, the capacity utilization rate and the discrepancy between the optimal and the actual-labor ratios. The model has the same long run implication as an accelerator model if and only if the optimal capacity utilization rate is constant in the long run. The suggested quantity rationing model is estimated on French data, over the period 1956-1985. The emphasis is on the investment equation. The parameter estimates are shown to have remained fairly stable over time.

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Рогожникова and Yuliya Rogozhnikova. "Practice of compensation in the foreign design and survey organizations." Management of the Personnel and Intellectual Resources in Russia 2, no. 3 (July 1, 2013): 44–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/545.

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Article contains the analysis related to applied elements of system of payment and work incentives in the design and survey organizations of France, Germany, Canada, and also in the joint German-Russian venture. The considered foreign organizations take leading positions in branch of transport design in the international market and can compete with Russian companies in the market of design and exploration work and on a labor market of technical specialists (design engineers, architects and others) and managers (CPEs — chief project engineers, CPAs —chief project architects). The analysis of foreign experience in area of compensation and social policy allows to draw conclusions and to develop recommendations for the domestic companies about redistribution of financial means in structure of expenses for the personnel and transfer of organizations’ expenses related to social package to employees’ salary.

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Jentjens, Sabine. "Je ne parle pas français—So what? The impact of language on skilled German migrant women’s employment in France." International Journal of Cross Cultural Management 21, no. 1 (March 3, 2021): 71–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1470595821999073.

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This paper uncovers language-related issues that skilled female migrants face and what their strategies are to (re-)build their careers after migrating. Using an inductive, interpretative research methodology, the author conducted 19 in-depth interviews with skilled German women who had migrated to France. Contrary to the findings of extant research, the study revealed that host country language proficiency played a minor role in the migration motivation, choice of destination, and labor market integration in this sample. However, the informants’ mother tongue (German) and their proficiency in English were perceived as competitive advantages when it came to integrating into the labor market. For some, these particular language skills even led to a conscious change of career. The findings demonstrate that language proficiency goes beyond grammatical mastery but relates, more importantly, to culture-sensitive communication skills underlining the importance of investigating language associated with the concept of culture. This study contributes to the language-related literature on international migration by combining different strands of research and levels of analysis to obtain a more holistic picture of the complex impact of language and its culture-relatedness.

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Squicciarini, Mara P. "Devotion and Development: Religiosity, Education, and Economic Progress in Nineteenth-Century France." American Economic Review 110, no. 11 (November 1, 2020): 3454–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.20191054.

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This paper studies when religion can hamper diffusion of knowledge and economic development, and through which mechanism. I examine Catholicism in France during the Second Industrial Revolution (1870–1914). In this period, technology became skill-intensive, leading to the introduction of technical education in primary schools. I find that more religious locations had lower economic development after 1870. Schooling appears to be the key mechanism: more religious areas saw a slower adoption of the technical curriculum and a push for religious education. In turn, religious education was negatively associated with industrial development 10 to 15 years later, when schoolchildren entered the labor market. (JEL D83, I21, I26, N33, Z12)

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Bandelow, Nils C., and Johanna Hornung. "One discourse to rule them all? Narrating the agenda for labor market policies in France and Germany." Policy and Society 38, no. 3 (July 3, 2019): 408–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14494035.2019.1641379.

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Mayer, Thierry, Florian Mayneris, and Loriane Py. "The impact of Urban Enterprise Zones on establishment location decisions and labor market outcomes: evidence from France." Journal of Economic Geography 17, no. 4 (October 10, 2015): 709–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jeg/lbv035.

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Gray, David M., Yannick L’Horty, Souleymane Mbaye, and Pascale Petit. "Discrimination towards Youth in Goods and Services Markets: Evidence from Field Experiments in France." Youth 2, no. 4 (December 19, 2022): 772–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/youth2040055.

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In this study, we carried out seven distinct and independent rounds of correspondence tests to detect discriminatory behavior in domains and markets in France that have not previously been subjected to much investigation in the literature. The study areas included: purchasing a used car; purchasing an auto insurance policy; applying for a car loan; purchasing supplemental health insurance; enrolling in an adult training program; purchasing an existing small business; and renting vacation accommodations. Access to these items and services are associated with either potential pathways to a middle-class job or hallmarks of a middle-class living standard. We seek to discern evidence of discriminatory behavior according to the criteria of age, gender, ethnic origin, and the reputation of the neighborhood of residence (advantaged or disadvantaged). We discern statistically significant patterns in our observed statistical outcome (callback rates) in all seven markets, which we interpret as possibly indicative of discriminatory behavior; however, the criteria, the magnitudes, and the signs differ from one market to another. One finding is that differential treatment based on ethnicity and the reputation of the neighborhood (i.e., neutral or disadvantaged) might not be as systematic and mutually reinforcing as they are frequently perceived to be in the domains of labor and housing markets.

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Reid, Donald. "The Third Republic as Manager: Labor Policy in the Naval Shipyards, 1892–1920." International Review of Social History 30, no. 2 (August 1985): 183–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859000111563.

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Recently there has been great interest in the re-organization of work and its effects on labor relations during the last decades of the nineteenth century and the first decades of the twentieth century, particularly in the metal-working and machine industries. Studies of this issue have generally been framed in terms of technological advances in the steel industry in the second half of the nineteenth century, the exigencies of the market during and after the Great Depression of the late nineteenth century, and the efforts of skilled labor to defend its position on the shopfloor. In France and elsewhere the importance of national and international arms sales before 1914 made the armaments industry one of the main arenas of these developments. Until mid-century the defense industry and the business of defense had been under state control in France. Largely for economic reasons, however, the Third Republic turned over increasing amounts of defense contracting, especially in shipbuilding, to private industry. The Etablissements Schneider at Le Creusot, the Compagnie des Aciéries de la Marine at Saint-Chamond and other large private firms established themselves as profitable arms manufacturers. National and foreign government contracts for weaponry encouraged these companies to make large capital investments, to rationalize work to permit greater managerial control, and to develop authoritarian paternalist systems of labor management.

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Johnsson, Ewa. "Edukacja a sytuacja zawodowa młodzieży w Maroku. Zagrożenia i szanse?" Kultura-Społeczeństwo-Edukacja 20, no. 2 (December 26, 2021): 375–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/kse.2021.20.24.

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The aim of this article is to present the threats and opportunities in the fields of education and the professional situation of Moroccans, especially young people who both try to find their place on the local labor market and emigrate mainly to Western European countries, largely to France, Spain and Italy, seeking stabilization. The recent reforms and unilateral or multilateral initiatives of international consortia, governments, agencies, and non-governmental organizations operating globally and locally are a chance to create a most stable labor market for young people. Often these are micro-scale activities, but the activation and professional support on a micro scale may translate into the effects of improving quality on a macro scale, throughout the country. This article was prepared on the basis of international reports of OECD (Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development), UNESCO, EU national studies, articles and press reports as well as information on the home pages of institutions and organizations such as USAID (United States Agency for International Development) or NED (The National Endowment for Democracy)

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Chernysh, A. R. "Social integration of youth as a form of social protection of youth." Analytical and Comparative Jurisprudence, no. 4 (November 27, 2022): 175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2022.04.31.

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The article examines the concept of integration to achieve the process of inclusion of youth in the development of civil society, taking into account the socio-cultural context, taking into account the historical patterns of the country's development. Current legislation in the field of social protection of youth, in the field of employment, provisions of the Constitution of Ukraine regarding the legal regulation of the process of labor integration of youth are analyzed. The works of theorists of labor law and social security law O.M. Yaroshenka, Yu.M. Shchotova, P.M. Rossokhatskgo, T.A. Kolyady were studied. etc. on the subject of the problems of youth implementation of the right to work, as a guarantee of the development of spiritual, creative potential and economic independence. The article draws attention to the problems and obstacles faced by young people in the process of realizing their labor rights. Emphasis is placed on the importance of professional training that a young person can undergo to increase their competitiveness in the labor market. Just as professional training is the process of acquiring or improving professional knowledge, abilities and skills by a person in accordance with his vocation and abilities, which ensures the appropriate level of professional qualification for professional activity and competitiveness in the labor market. The experience of such highly developed countries as Great Britain, Germany, Japan, France, and the USA was studied. Measures taken by countries to limit youth unemployment are noteworthy. The example of Bulgaria is given, where the practice of developing age-differentiated employment programs for young people is widespread; Germany, where there is professional selection and career guidance at an early age; the combination of professional training and production activities at the expense of specially created government funds by local authorities takes place in Denmark; encouraging employers to employ young people aged 16 to 26 in the form of reduced amounts of social contributions for them as a kind of tax benefits is actively used in France and Spain; the active practice of involving young people in six-month internships with at least the minimum wage has a positive effect on the further employment of young people in Australia. Proposals are given for the introduction of advanced foreign experience.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Labor market – France'

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