Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Labor market – France'
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Batut, Cyprien. "Four essays on the labor market behavior of firms." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EHES0124.
Full textThe French labor market is characterized by high unemployment, a very strong segmentation and a high degree of conflict. This thesis returns, in four articles, to the origins of this situation and the public policies that can remedy it
Diaz, Pablo F. "Labor market integration of immigrants in France, Germany and the United Kingdom." Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2010. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2010/Mar/10Mar%5FDiaz%5FPablo.pdf.
Full textThesis Advisor(s): Siegel, Scott ; Shore, Zachary. "March 2010." Description based on title screen as viewed on April 26, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: Labor Market Integration, Immigrants, France, Germany, United Kingdom Institutional Racism, Education, Language. Includes bibliographical references (p. 83-88). Also available in print.
Tô, Maxime. "From school to work : essays on educational decisions and labor market transitions." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013IEPP0056.
Full textThis dissertation is composed of four independent chapters. Each of the chapters focuses on one particular moment of individual trajectories of young French people at school and on the labor market. Through these trajectories, individual make schooling and employment decisions. This work aims at explaining these decisions and understanding their consequences on later outcomes. Although these chapters are independent, they all aim at explaining inequality at school and on the labor market for young French people and to charcterize the link between education and labor market outcomes. The thesis contributes to the research in economics given that it raise original questions on individual decisions and answers to these questions using a large scope of empirical methods and dataset
Gash, Vanessa. "Flexible labour markets : qualities of employment, equalities of outcome." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2005. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:c409eb37-8c91-4e80-9e98-ab0018372149.
Full textLaffineur, Catherine. "Four Essays on the Effects of Foreign Direct Investment on the French Labor Market." Thesis, Paris 9, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA090015.
Full textThis thesis aims to analyze and identify the effects of outward foreign direct investment (FDI) on the French labor market. The first chapter provides an overview of the recent literature on this topic. The other chapters of the thesis analyze empirically and theoretically the effect of FDI on the labor market. Thank to recent and detailed data on French firms and employees, the thesis looks at several aspects of the labor market. First, the study starts by analyzing the effect of FDI on employment (chapter 2) and then looks at the effects on French hourly gross wages (chapter 3). Chapter 4 identifies one possible channel through which FDI affects the labor market, which is organizational change. Finally, Chapter 5 identifies the impact of organizational change on labor mobility within multinational companies. The results show a selective effect of FDI on employment and wages. Only FDI to low-wage countries affect the labor market and only managers' employment is positively affected by offshoring strategies of their firm. Results also show that employment is the main adjustment variable at the extensive margin, while wage is the main adjustment variable at the intensive margin. Results of chapter 4 and 5 highlight the role of FDI on organizational change within the mother company, which is materialized on the one hand, by a decentralization of authority from the CEO to managers and, on the other hand, by an increase of inhouse labor-mobility of skilled workers
Zdrojewski, Simone Verfasser], and Hans-Peter [Akademischer Betreuer] [Blossfeld. "Patterns and changes of young people’s labor market entry and early career establishment in France since the early 1990s / Simone Zdrojewski. Betreuer: Hans-Peter Blossfeld." Bamberg : Otto-Friedrich-Universität Bamberg, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1058436252/34.
Full textZdrojewski, Simone [Verfasser], and Hans-Peter [Akademischer Betreuer] Blossfeld. "Patterns and changes of young people’s labor market entry and early career establishment in France since the early 1990s / Simone Zdrojewski. Betreuer: Hans-Peter Blossfeld." Bamberg : Otto-Friedrich-Universität Bamberg, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:473-opus4-6195.
Full textPoinas, François. "The Estimation of semi-structural dynamic models of the labor market : essays on schooling decisions, employment contracts and promotions." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO22018/document.
Full textCette thèse présente trois essais en microéconométrie et économie du travail appliquée. Dans les deux premiers essais, nous estimons des modèles dynamiques de choix d'éducation et de contrats de travail en France. Le premier essai s'intéresse à la comparaison entre immigrés de deuxième génération originaires d'Afrique et natifs de parents français. Nous montrons que l'écart dans l'accès aux diplômes d'éducation supérieure entre ces deux sous-populations est expliqué principalement par l'environnement parental et que l'investissement en scolarité est le principal déterminant de l'écart dans l'accès à l'emploi permanent. Le deuxième essai s'intéresse au rôle joué par la scolarité dans les transitions entre contrats de travail en début de carrière. Nous trouvons qu'un premier contrat à durée fixe a un impact positif sur la probabilité d'emploi dans un contrat permanent, excepté pour une partie limitée de la population, dotée de niveaux de scolarité et de caractéristiques inobservables particulières. Globalement, le niveau de scolarité atteint explique environ un tiers de la variance de la probabilité d'emploi permanent. Le troisième essai est dédié à l'analyse des promotions intra-firme de cadres américains. Nous estimons un modèle dynamique de promotion dans lequel nous séparons l'effet causal de l'effet artificiel de la vitesse des avancements passés. Nous trouvons que le principal déterminant des promotions est l'hétérogénéité individuelle inobservable et que la vitesse antérieure de progression dans la hiérarchie de la firme (fast tracks) n'a pas d'impact causal. La division d'appartenance dans l'entreprise a un fort pouvoir explicatif dans les promotions observées
Du, Juan. "Entre solidarité et exploitation : Marches ethniques du logement et du travail et insertion urbaine des migrants chinois en banlieue parisienne." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC038/document.
Full textThis thesis has as its main object of interest the forms of agency manifested in the everyday life of Chinese migrants in disadvantaged situations in France. This is studied through fieldwork conducted in two neighborhoods in Paris suburbs, which received a great number of arrivals “from the bottom”, who began their life as migrants through an undocumented period. Despite a double exclusion in the host society from migration policies and from the market, Chinese immigrants usually manage to pull themselves out. How did they achieve this?By investigating the access to housing and work, two essential domains in the migration experience, this thesis attempts to address this problem with a focus on ethnic markets. In those markets, both interpersonal relationships and community bonds based on ethnicity are mobilized as resources.This thesis aims first to bring to light ethnic markets in housing and work, in order to achieve a better understanding of the mechanisms that enable this ethnic economy to function. Both in scholarly and political perspectives, this thesis emphasizes three essential questions: the emic approach, in which the perspectives of migrants themselves are privileged, the tension between the importance of community resources in the everyday life of Chinese immigrants and their constraints, and finally the false dilemma between community and integration
Charnoz, Pauline. "Inégalités, qualifications et géographie des emplois sur le marché du travail en France." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS002/document.
Full textThis thesis investigates the determinants of jobs’, workers’ and firms’ location decisions in France. The first chapter evaluates the impact of French enterprise zones on their residents. It shows that this program reduced significantly the unemployment rate of residents due, in part, to the fact that firms’ payroll exemptions were made conditional on local hiring. It also shows that social composition effects occurred in the long run, and that the program increased the share of high-skilled workers in enterprise zones. The second chapter documents the impact of rail travel time on the management of French multi-plant businesses. It shows that affiliates which benefited from new High Speed Rail lines to relate faster to their headquarters reorganized and decreased the share of managers in the workforce, while refocusing on their production activity. The third chapter documents a strong decrease in the high-skilled/low-skilled relative wage that occurred concomitantly with a strong increase in the relative labor supply for male aged 15-65 in France in the last 40 years. It shows that the increase in educational attainment has hidden the effects of a skill-biased demand shift, which are found to be of at least half of those found in the U.S. An additional analysis is conducted at the level of local labor markets. It investigates the spatial trends of education supply and wage inequalities by education levels and shows that a spatial concentration of educated workers and a skill-biased spatial shift in demand occurred in France between 1982 and 2011. The fourth chapter uses the spatial dynamics of wage, labor supply and labor demand to test the “computerization” hypothesis for France on the period 1990-2011. It shows that jobs with codifiable or routine tasks declined more on the labor markets where their share in employment was initially higher, but that abstract jobs did not increase in the same places, like in the US. It then shows that skill-biased technical change affects the spatial distribution of routine and abstract jobs according to the function performed: support or production
Hervelin, Jérémy H. "School-to-Work Transitions and Related Public Policies : Evidence from Field Experiments in France Apprenticeship and Youth Unemployment Is There a Second Chance for High-School Dropouts? Evidence from a Large-Scale Correspondence Study Agencies: Evidence from a Text Messaging Experiment." Thesis, Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IPPAG010.
Full textThis thesis focuses on school-to-work transitions and related labor market policies designed to smooth these transitions, especially for young people in difficulty. Based on field experiments carried out in France in 2018 and 2019, it comprises three chapters that add new empirical evidence to the economic literature.The first chapter brings new evidence on the higher employment rate of apprentices than vocational students after graduation. It shows that the success of apprenticeship does not rely, in the French context, on better job access to those who do not remain in their training firms. The expansion of apprenticeship thus has very limited effects on youth unemployment if this is not accompanied by an increase in the retention of apprentices in their training firm.The second chapter contributes to the understanding of employers’ preferences regarding young school dropout applicants. It shows that school dropouts who have remained inactive over two years have a significantly smaller chance of being called back for a job compared to non-dropout high school graduates. Subsidized employment and vocational training boost dropouts’ chances, but their chances remain still lower. Only the combination of the two policies lets young dropouts to catch up with their non-dropout peers. Manipulation of the profiles indicates that both dropping out of school and inactivity duration entails negative signals for the employers.The third chapter presents a field experiment designed to analyze the effectiveness of text messaging by public assistance agencies seeking to enroll young people who are not in employment, education, or training (NEET). All texts were individualized and included specific information about the agencies. Results indicate that the texts had no significant effect on the probability of going to those agencies. These findings show that sending texts to this population is not an effective strategy for enrolling it more easily.The main argument of the thesis thus advocates closing gaps between schools and firms, so that a significant proportion of young people may avoid a non-employment situation as their first experience in the labor market
Ghrairi, Bouhajeb Jihan. "Employabilité des jeunes en France : influence des réseaux et des canaux formels de recherche d’emploi." Thesis, Paris 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA020022/document.
Full textImprove youth employment’s quality is a priority in France. This thesis focuses on job search and job access trends, in addition to the role played by the informal and formal search channels on the job matching issue. It helps understanding the informal and formal channels’ efficiency and limitations in order to ameliorate youth employment as France continues to prioritize youth in its national policy agendas. This PhD work offers valuable lessons learned on "who uses what" and on "what works" better for youth employment through three empirical studies.These three studies are preceded by a general introduction and a literature review. The first chapter is dedicated to the analysis of the job access channel’s determinants. As part of this chapter, the effects of some factors such as origin, gender, place of residence and education are emphasized. The second chapter examines the influence of these access channels on the quality and the satisfaction with the obtained job. The third chapter focuses on the comparaison of on- and out-of-the job seekers’ preferences, search intensity and strategies. Our findings suggest a further strengthening of the role played by the public employment service as well as the role of schools as a possible recruitment channel
Pillon, Jean-Marie. "Les rendements du chômage : mesures du travail et travail de mesure à Pôle emploi." Thesis, Paris 10, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA100041/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with unemployment policies and focuses on the mutual influence of management accountants and counselors in the French one stop shop for job seekers, “Pôle emploi”. Our work tests the hypothesis that administration reforms have changed the role of statistics and accounting in policies. Based on observation of the counselors’ work and on interviews with executives of Pôle Emploi, this work sheds light on the mechanisms through which the central State measures its results on the labor market. Counselors undergo two different pressures: one derived from performance targets set by the State and the other from the increasing number of job seekers. The thesis analyzes the Arts and crafts developed by counselors to solve these tensions. From this perspective, the counselors’ work looks like a categorization activity enabling them to sort the 5.5 million unemployed in accordance with three separate scales: the labor law, the labor market, and the institutional solutions to improve employability. Counselors then experience contradictions between individualized activation policies and the macro-economic nature of the current number of unemployed. Thus, our work dissects the gap between great politicians’ addresses and civil servants’ feeling of powerlessness
Laouénan, Morgane. "Essays in ethnic discrimination in labor markets." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM1092.
Full textThis dissertation aims at contributing to the debate on the origins of ethnic discrimination by focusing on the population of African immigrants in France, and of African-Americans in the United States. More specifically, by analyzing French and US microeconomic data, it identifies the existence of discrimination based on the principle of employers' and consumers' tastes, and their impact on the weakening of the economic situation of these two discriminated groups. It establishes the importance of consumer discrimination and suggests that it is essential to understand the origins of ethnic discrimination in order to introduce efficient public policies to overcome this phenomenon. The first chapter provides a descriptive analysis of the access to customer-contact jobs for employed individuals based on their geographic origin. It reveals a lower access for immigrants in France, and African immigrants in particular, everything else being constant. In order to analyze whether consumer discrimination plays a part in this under-representation, the second chapter builds a test strategy to disentangle consumer from employer discrimination. The existence of consumer discrimination against African immigrants is then proved using the French census. Using the aforementioned test strategy, the third chapter reveals the presence of this source of discrimination against African-Americans in the US
Mansfield, Malcolm Richard. "Organising the labour market : unemployment and policy in Great Britain and France 1880-1914." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.265500.
Full textNze-obame, Jesus herell. "L'épargne contractuelle pour la retraite : motivations des agents économiques, phénomènes de détention et sécurisation." Thesis, Orléans, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ORLE0504.
Full textModern economies are increasingly facing a population ageing, the massive retirement of post WorldWar II generations and resulting financial distress of their Pay-As-You-Go pension schemes. These challengesraise the need to rely more on pension saving either on an occupational or an individual basis.In this study, we conduct several theoretical and empirical investigations on pension plans as a contractualsaving vehicle for retirement, and follow two main directions. On the one hand, we shed light on theimportance of pension plans in the French and American retirement systems, demonstrate the role ofpension plans in the firms’ management of human resources and the use of pension plans in households’wealth accumulation strategies. This first part of our studies offers microeconomic insights in theusefulness of pension plans in retirement planning. However, the expansion of pension plans raises newchallenges in terms of retirement income security. Among risks that may result in income shortfalls forretirees, underfunding (whenever a certain level of income is guaranteed to retirees) and sponsoring ormanagement firms’ bankruptcy are the most important one. In spite of the creation of public entities thatprovide income insurance, plan participants incur a substantial amount of losses in the event of underfundingand bankruptcy. The second part of our contributions offers ways to secure pension benefits with priority rules
ROMENS, ANNE-IRIS. "Coping with essentialism and stratifications: Migrant women with tertiary education in local labour markets of France and Italy." Doctoral thesis, Università di Padova, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/381391.
Full textBock, Sébastien. "Transatlantic employment performances and job polarization." Thesis, Paris 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA01E062.
Full textThis thesis explores the implications of technological change and labor taxation for employment performances in France and the U.S. over the past four decades. Chapter 1 delves into transatlantic employment performances. It measures the extent to which cross-country discrepancies in socio-demographic and occupational structures account for the transatlantic employment gap over time. The French employment deficit does not only reflect a disfunctioning labor market but also the occupational reallocation of labor that affects the employment prospects and participation decisions of specific socio-demographic groups. Chapter 2 investigates the determinants of unskilled employment outcomes in France between 1982 and 2008. Technological change and labor taxation policies are pivotal to grasp the deterioration of unskilled employment. The reallocation of unskilled labor from routine jobs towards manual jobs induced by technological change is partly obstructed by the presence of a nonmarket sector. Labor taxation interacts with technological change by distorting the value of unskilled jobs with respect to non-market work. Chapter 3 studies the implications of routine-biased technological shocks for aggregate fluctuations between 1989 and 2017 in the U.S. It assesses the effects of technological shocks by estimating a structural VAR mode! with long-run exclusion and sign restrictions. Routine-biased technology shocks account for the recessionary effects of technological shocks on hours worked. These shocks appear quantitatively relevant and generate recognizable business cycle fluctuations
Blažíčková, Lenka. "Sociálně ekonomická chrakteristika Francie." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-10390.
Full textMaman, Waziri Khalid. "A stochastic earnings frontier approach to investigating labour market failures." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0164/document.
Full textThis doctoral thesis addresses issues related to employees’ imperfect information on the labour market and discrimination, generally all direct consequences of labour underpayment or “earnings inefficiency”. Workers are in a situation of earnings inefficiency when they do not receive the full potential remuneration corresponding to their human capital endowment: unfair pay for greater stock of human capital. This situation is problematic from a policy-makers point of view as it could weaken work incentives, discourage investments in human capital, and harm economic growth and competitiveness. It could also widen inequality within the society and contribute to the increase in relative poverty.The contribution we make through this work is threefold. First, we examine the integration of young people into the labour market from a new angle. Instead of examining whether individuals obtain stable employment or not, we use an approach that focuses on the quality of the job matching for young people entering the workforce and lacking labour market information. This first chapter provides empirical evidence on job search theories. In a second chapter, because of the considerable challenge of identifying and assessing discriminatory practices in the labour market, we propose an innovative and effective approach to examine the phenomenon of the glass ceiling (an invisible barrier to management positions associated with higher earnings). Finally, the last part of this doctoral thesis is devoted to improving the econometric approach we use. We propose a theoretical econometric model that improves correction for sample selection bias with stochastic frontier models
Charni, Kadija. "The labour market for older workers : earnings trajectories, labour supply and employment." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM2013/document.
Full textWith the global ageing of population and the consequences on public finances sustainability, the labour market of older workers remains a key concern for societies.The aim of this dissertation is to address particular issues on the labour market for older workers.This thesis consists of four chapters.The first two chapters examine the age-earnings trajectories late in working life.We do not find support of a decline of earnings at older ages as the consequence of ageing.The decline of the age-earnings profile observed for older workers at cross-sectional analysis is attributable to cohort effects, job-changing, and partial retirement.Chapter 3 evaluates the effects of French pension reforms on older workers’ transition out of unemployment and into employment. We find that the retirement reforms have limited effects on re-employment, and they increase transitions into inactivity, leading to a decrease of unemployment rate of older workers.Finally,Chapter 4 investigates the factors behind difficulties to remain in employment as workers age. It also evaluates job opportunities of older unemployed workers.The results indicate that the probability of leaving employment increases with economic incentives, ill health and age, while the probability of getting back to employment decreases with age.An Oaxaca decomposition supports the key role of age in the unemployment duration gap between ‘older’ and ‘younger’ workers, which is consistent with age discrimination
Walther, Matthias. "Careers Upon Repatriation : comparing the Re-Entry into the German and French Labor Markets Based on Bourdieu's Theory of Practice." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO30051.
Full textRepatriation from an external labor market perspective is a largely under-researched topic. Applying Bourdieu’s Theory of Practice and reconciling the culturalist and institutionalist approach in comparative research, this thesis compares the repatriation of German and French career agents into the external labor markets of their parent country career fields. We found that the German and French career agents’ career capital and habitus develops during expatriation, which has an important impact on the re-integration into the parent country career field. Based on our developed critical portfolio of elements for the successful return into the German and French career fields and resulting from our emerged German and French repatriation models, we found that the re-entry conditions into the German and French career fields are in some parts similar, but more strongly differ. While this indicates the existence of national borders of career fields, our results also show that in an international career mobility context, the rules of the game change compared to the rules in a pure national career context, which challenges the pertinence of national career models in understanding repatriation in our Franco-German context. Our research especially contributes to the existing literature by clarifying the rules of the game in a Franco-German repatriation context and by providing empirical evidence for the only partially autonomous nature of Bourdieuian career fields that must be viewed in interaction with the economic and educational field for creating a complete understanding of the return-mechanisms
Romens, Anne-Iris. "Coping with essentialism and stratifications: Migrant women with tertiary education in local labour markets of France and Italy." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3423197.
Full textLe donne migranti con istruzione superiore sono significativamente colpite dalla sovra-istruzione, dalla de-qualificazione e dalla sottoccupazione, in quanto lavorano principalmente in posti di lavoro che non sono in linea con i loro percorsi di studio. La tesi sostiene che analizzare l'essenzialismo è cruciale per comprendere le stratificazioni del mercato del lavoro e capire perché le donne migranti continuano ad essere confinate in posti di lavoro con scarso riconoscimento sociale, nonostante la loro laurea. La tesi mette in luce come le rappresentazioni basate sulla colonialità, le disuguaglianze globali e anche su modelli di femminilità conservatori ed erotizzati, influenzano il processo di selezione e infine limitano l'accesso che queste donne hanno al lavoro. Per esplorare l'influenza dell'essenzialismo nella valutazione delle competenze, la tesi utilizza il concetto di incorporazione (embodiness). Sottolinea che i selezionatori tendono a valutare le competenze, in base a chi le incorpora e in base a come i candidati vengono percepiti in termini di classe, genere e razzializzazione. La valutazione delle competenze sembra comportare un alto livello di scrutinio sul corpo e sull'habitus delle candidate donne, portando a una selettività basata sulla classe e l'erotizzazione delle donne migranti. Inoltre, la tesi esamina come le donne migranti con istruzione superiore affrontano, resistono e alla fine sfidando l’essenzialismo e le stratificazioni. Analizza il modo in cui reagiscono alla loro posizione nei mercati del lavoro locali, sia che si sentano declassati o che abbiano avuto accesso a lavori soddisfacenti. Inoltre, la maternità è emersa dal lavoro sul campo come un fattore cruciale che influenza le traiettorie delle donne migranti. Di conseguenza, la tesi analizza il modo in cui l'interazione tra migrazione, welfare, cura e ordini di genere condiziona l'accesso all'occupazione, portando a frequenti declassamenti. I mercati del lavoro locali che sono stati selezionati per svolgere attività sul campo sono quelli del Veneto, in Italia e dell’Alsazia, in Francia. Questi due contesti sono caratterizzati da diversi modelli di cura e di rapportarsi all'alterità dei migranti. Il fenomeno sociale è studiato da una varietà di prospettive. La tesi incrocia gli sguardi delle donne migranti con istruzione superiore, nate in paesi dell'Africa subsahariana ed dall’Europa non-UE, con quelle di selezionatori e lavoratori sociali. Complessivamente, sono state condotte e analizzate 52 interviste narrative utilizzando l'analisi tematica e la valutazione biografica di politiche. Inoltre, la tesi è uno dei primi studi che utilizza i dati statistici per evidenziare l’accesso differenziato che i migranti con istruzione superiore hanno al lavoro in Italia e Francia, in base al loro paese di nascita e al loro genere. Studiando le sfide affrontate dalle donne migranti con istruzione terziaria, la tesi evidenzia come l'accesso alle risorse e all'occupazione sia influenzata dal genere, dalla classe e dalla razzializzazione e come siano influenzati dall’essenzialismo. Sostiene che la comprensione dei meccanismi che contribuiscono a riprodurre le stratificazioni ci consente di progettare percorsi verso un accesso più equo all'occupazione e alle risorse.
Colombi, Denis. "Les usages de la mondialisation : mobilité internationale et marchés du travail en France." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016IEPP0048/document.
Full textSince the 1980's, international mobility appears to be a significant tendency on french labor markets. At some time in their careers, more and more people become “expatriates”. In addition, the injunction to be “international” grow stronger in Higher Education, among labor markets and within a firm. In this dissertation, we study careers of highly qualified and qualified French migrants also known as “expatriates” in order to understand globalization and its effects on labor markets. These qualified migrants live between globalization’s elites and non-qualified migrants and assign value to what they call themselves “international”. By the means of biographical interviews and sequence data stemming from the Histoire de vie 2003 survey (Insee) and the Trajectoires et Origines 2008 survey, we argue that international mobility is a national phenomenon. People do not run away from France but are asked to become “international” by the labor markets’ rules, and, even when they are abroad, a lot of them still have “national careers”. “International careers” are better understood as a product of domestic labor markets transformations. Indeed, it is a way for some domestic actors to achieve domestic objectives: workers who want a (better) job, professionals who are seeking a juridiction, middle classes in struggle with upper classes. Thereby this dissertation is a contribution to the sociological analysis of careers, markets and social classes
Combes, Jean-Baptiste. "An investigation of the impact of the local labour markets on staff shortages and staff mix of hospitals in England and France." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2012. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=195747.
Full textSigalo, Santos Luc. "L'administration des vocations, ou la spécialisation d'une action publique généraliste. : enquête sur le traitement du chômage artistique en France." Thesis, Paris 8, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA080119.
Full textThis thesis analyses the public handling of unemployment in the French arts sector. It examines two specialised public schemes devoted to the ‘return to work’ of artists living on welfare benefits. One pertains to national employment policy (ANPE agency, then Pôle emploi spectacle), while the other falls under departmental welfare policy (RMI, then RSA artiste). Socio-historical and ethnographic research was conducted in Paris and in the department of Gironde between 2010 and 2014. The resulting material is varied, including administrative archives, interviews and observations at all public policy levels – with ministers and local representatives, experts and institutional partners, civil service managers, street-level bureaucrats and clients. The sectoral specialisation of a generalist public policy increases tensions surrounding the institutional organisation, the formalisation of professional roles, and everyday interactions with clients. On the one hand, the agents of this administration of vocations tend to seek to adjust clients often suspected of being dreamers to the ‘reality’ of the job market. On the other, they make efforts themselves to adjust to the workings of a field of activity where public intermediation is not well perceived. This unlikely balance between a standardized bureaucratic rationale and the artistic imperative of singularity sheds new light on the analysis of the individualization of a mass treatment, which is a structuring feature of the political regulation of social relations
Prina, Sophie. "Le marché du travail Rhône-Alpes/Piémont, un marché concret." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO20043.
Full textGlobalization and Europeanization are involving a more local management for the cross-border labour market. In this framework, the Interreg project between Rhone Alpes and Piemont called “working without borders” is a real interregional laboratory for the european labour market construction. The public employment services cooperation and their actors steming from a centralized model in France and from a decentralized one in Italy are participating in the social construction of the Rhone-Alpes - Piemont labour market. This is through the labour market modeling and sociografy that are pointed up the peculiar processes of the different institutions and of their protagonists. The Rhone Alpes-Piemont labour market is very specific one, due to the dynamic heritage which created it, the current structures bearing it and the expansion prospects that its cross border position enables. The specificity of the border space created in the framework of this type of cooperations is fed by the complexity of institutional meshings and the lack of synchronization of public utilities on the european field. The model provided by the analysis relies on a quadruple assumption: this is a market of professions, a market of public utilities, a transborder market and a transitional market. Consequently, this model is specific and can be transposable to any other system
Lendaro, Annalisa. "L'"immigré-e travailleur-se". : La construction et les usages sociaux des catégories de l'action publique en France et en Italie." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX10155.
Full textThis dissertation questions the category of « immigrant » whose meaning cannot be reduced to an incontestable juridical definition. The category is interpreted, redefined, used in different ways and contexts by actors who are responsible for the implementation of public policies and /or contribute to regulate the labour market. This study analyses the constuction and social usage of categories related to immigration phenomena at multiple levels of analysis (European, national, regional and local) through a comparison of two countries (France and Italy), two regions (Provence Alpes Côte-d’Azur and Liguria) and two sectors (construction and care services). I explicate how and why some discrepancies appear between the ‘official’ and ‘informal’ categories by studying the case of employment gatekeepers during the selection process and by reconstructing the life courses of a sample of immigrant workers
Claisse, Christophe. "Les pulsations de la mobilité en entreprise : entre reconfiguration d’un marché interne et constitution d’un régime d’épreuve à la mobilité professionnelle." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017IEPP0001/document.
Full textThe focus of the thesis is the study of a support mechanism for employee mobility in a former state owned public administration that became a limited company. Carried out in the financial centres of La Banque Postale, the ethnographic inquiry combines qualitative interviews with workplace observations in order to analyse both career mobility as a subjective combination of life sequences, and professional mobility as a way of managing people in a firm in a state of transformation. In a context where both employment policies and human resources management systems tend towards individualized actions (Gazier, 2010), the thesis offers an analysis of professional mobility within an organized and structured context that highlights the normative nature of an injunction to self-realization through work. It emphasizes the multidimensional nature of bargainings involved in the course of mobility (on a biographical level, on the use - and misuse - of management tools, on the role played by managers or the collective framework negotiated by Trade Unions). Thus, the thesis dissolves the dichotomous categories used to describe professional careers (imposed or chosen mobility) by showing that so-called imposed mobility can be the expression of true career choices to serve a life project and that so-called chosen mobility may be fundamentally constraining. Finally, the thesis shows that the relationship maintained by individuals with their career and the use they make of professional mobility as a tool in order to achieve it, is far more decisive
Barquer, Cerdà Arnau. ""Visch de mon treball y seguint los amos". Francesos i treballadors a la Catalunya de mas (Bisbat de Girona, ss. XVI-XVII)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667059.
Full textA partir de la caracterització de la immigració francesa durant els segles XVI i XVII pel que fa al Bisbat de Girona, les dades obtingudes destaquen una fortíssima presència de l’etiqueta de treballador, principalment entre els immigrants d’origen francès, però en proporcions cada cop més creixents pel conjunt de la població conforme ens introduïm al segle XVII. A partir dels extensos treballs que porta desenvolupant el Centre de Recerca en Història Rural de la Universitat de Girona, hem enfocat les nostres preguntes vers els profunds canvis que va patir el conjunt de relacions socials en el camp català; on hi destaquen processos d’acumulació patrimonial, diferenciació pagesa i sorgiment de nous grups socials, entre ells, el dels treballadors. Un grup la formació del qual esperem haver-ne esclarit les causes i les seves característiques a partir d’estudiar-ne la seva composició, pautes matrimonials i relació amb els mercats de treball, crèdit i de la terra
Olympio, Noémie. "Parcours de formation et d’insertion : une comparaison des systèmes éducatifs français et suisse à l'aune de la théorie des capabilités." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM1115.
Full textInternational comparisons in the field of education seem to be particularly in vogue at the moment, as reflected in the proliferation of books on the subject, the burgeoning number of international reports and a fresh upsurge in standardised student assessments. In this thesis, education systems are examined from the perspective of their ability to contribute to equality and in particular to create opportunities for individuals. We particularly focus on France and Switzerland, two systems in which organisation of education is fundamentally different. These education systems are then compared in the light of Amartya Sen’s theory of capabilities. This theory allows us to investigate the degree of freedom that individuals have in their trajectories and the range of opportunities available to them, what might be called their ‘opportunities space’. Then we analyse how opportunities and constraints open up and close off over time in each education system. Considering that the analysis of people free choices and opportunities require a dynamic approach, the empirical part is based on two longitudinal database. For Switzerland, we make use TREE (Transition from Education to Employment) and the DEPP-EVA panel for France (Department of Evaluation, Forecasting and Performance - Adulthood Entry)
Flayols, Alexandra. "Accumulation du capital humain et employabilité : une mise en perspective empirique." Thesis, Toulon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUL2005/document.
Full textThe relationship between human capital and employability is clearly demonstrated by the review of the theoretical literature however, not always verified empirically. We can thus see a paradox of education in MENA countries where the unemployment rate increases with the degree and where participation rates and especially female activity rates are low. So we’re looking through three empirical studies to bring out the elements that can upset the relationship between accumulation of human capital and employability. First we bring your attention to Tunisia and Morocco where university graduates unemployment rate is particularly important. We lead initially macroeconomic analysis for these countries before leading a microeconomic analysis by focusing on the region of Marrakech-Tensift-Al Haouz where we analyze the relationship between the level of education and access to paid employment. Our second study is positioned on the French labor market where we analyze the access of employment and the wage differential to determine whether the existence of “discriminations” can upset the relationship between human capital and employability. Finally, our third full study our previous approach regarding access to employment, taking into account the educational pathways of young people and not the highest degree obtained
Zougbede, Emeline. "Ce que le « dispositif » fait au travailleur « sans-papiers » : analyser l'emploi et les rapports à l'emploi de migrants dits « sans-papiers », originaires de la vallée du fleuve Sénégal, à Paris, au prisme de la régularisation exceptionnelle au titre du travail." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCB215/document.
Full textThis research deals with the employment of undocumented people from the Senegal valley, in Paris and the legalization processes. Mobilizing the two concepts of "identify of papers" Dardy [1991] 1998; Noiriel, 1998, 2007; Bruno, 2010) and "interstices of game", this doctoral thesis, based on an sociological and inductive approach, highlights the mechanisms and logics that are inherent to putting undocumented people into work. From there, the lack of residence permit implies the inscription of these migrants in specific sectors of activities. Therefore, employments are registered in the secondary labour market, if not an exogenous market, where employment and its forms are very precarious. If migrants take these jobs, it is because work is the key parameter in the migratory situations. The balance between supply and demand of labour draws its legitimacy from the French State. Indeed, leglization processes determine this balance, and justify it by normalizing it. The legitimacy of French State is allowed by a recovery and "instrumentation" (Lascoumes, 2003) of the figure of "Undocumented Worker", which was first introduced during the strike of 2008-2010. In other words, the employment situations lead to discuss of the production of a specific labour force by the State. The legalization processes are based on the figure of "Undocumented Worker" and by this manner elect the alien in an irregular situation who will be regularized. This lead to formulate the following argument: the employment of undocumented migrants is due to economic logics which establish specific forms to putting undocumented people into work. This is guaranteed by precariousness of status employments, enables to produce forms of a low citizenship that political logics reinforce. Thus, the legalization process supports this perspective. The figure of "Undocumented Worker", from the strike of 2008-2010, is used by the French State to justify the legalization process by work. All these elements are included by a manner of governing that is attached to a particular scheme of biopolitic
Montagnon, Florent. "Construire le stable et l’instable : la gestion du personnel d’exécution des transports publics urbains lyonnais (1894-1948)." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO20054.
Full textThe public transportation system of Lyons – France’s second most populous city, is operated by the Compagnie des omnibus et tramways de Lyon (OTL). This private corporation was founded in 1879. In common with all French public service companies, OTL pre-empted employment legislation by providing employment guarantees and social benefits for certain grades employees, the “incumbents”. Thanks to working rules, most of incumbents, employees with set schedule and assignement, were able to forecast forthcoming hours or working places. All these measures were defined in the collective agreements which OTL entered into with the strong union and the local authorities – the city of Lyons and the département du Rhône.But OTL also had to adapt its workforce to the numbers of passengers conveyed and kilometers covered against a background of wild workload fluctuations and sought to reduce costs. So as early as the dawn of the 20th century the OTL company defined flexible working practices built around working paces, times and occupations. Until 1949, all staff was hired with employment contracts that combined open or fixed-term contracts with part-time or full-time work, before they possibly were offered a more stable post: the “casuals” were hired to work only on Sundays or weekdays on an as needs basis and could be fired without compensation. Internal flexibility also affected the “incumbents”, primarily at the start of their careers.Three strong trends emerge from analyzing the history of OTL personnel management. First, the conceptualization and sophistication of flexible practices were concomitant with the advent of guarantees achieved by the incumbents. Second, the temporal working rules became more and more complex. Third, the workforce was divided between incumbents who stayed in the firm thirty years and lots of casuals or incumbents who resigned because of low wages and flexibility, who worked a few weeks
Little, Andrew Ross. "British personnel in the Dutch navy, 1642-1697." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/67714.
Full textMALGOUYRES, Clément. "Essays on local labor markets." Doctoral thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/40345.
Full textExamining Board: Professor Jerome Adda, Bocconi University and EUI, Supervisor; Professor Andrea Ichino, EUI; Professor Thierry Mayer, Sciences Po; Professor Josef Zweimüller, University of Zurich.
This thesis studies empirically several issues regarding the functioning of local labor markets. In Chapter 1, I follow the methodology developed by Autor, Dorn, and Hanson (2013) to estimate the impact of Chinese imports competition onto French local labor markets, with an emphasis on the spill-overs e ects beyond the manufacturing sector on the structure of employment and wages. Local employment and total labor income in both manufacturing and non-manufacturing are negatively a ected by rising exposure to imports. Imports competition from China polarized the local structure of employment in the manufacturing sector. Hourly wages distribution is negatively a ected but overall wage dispersion is not increased. The non-traded sector even experiences a decrease in lower-tail inequality. Exploiting geographical variation in the bite of the minimum wage, I nd evidence suggesting that the minimum wage explains this e ect. In Chapter 2, I use a re nement of empirical strategy in Chapter 1 to look at whether communities suddenly a ected by rising economic integration with low-wage countries tended to vote more for the far-right parties over the last four French presidential elections. I nd evidence of a small but signi cantly positive impact of imports competition exposure on votes for the far-right: a one standard-deviation increase in imports-per-worker causes the change in the far-right share to increase by 7 percent of a standard deviation. Further results suggest that this e ect has been increasing over the time period considered. We conduct a simple sensitivity test supporting the notion that (i) omitting local share of immigrants is likely to bias our estimate downward, and that (ii) this bias is likely to negligible. In Chapter 3, co-authored with Camille H emet, we study the impact of local diversity on labour market outcomes, at two di erent level of aggregation: local labor market and i immediate neighborhood. We nd that employment correlates positively with local labor market diversity, but negatively with neighborhood diversity. Using an instrumental variable approach to deal with local labor market diversity drives the positive correlation to zero, con rming the suspicion of self-selection. Regarding neighborhood diversity, we adopt the strategy of Bayer et al. (2008), taking advantage of the very precise localization of the data: the negative e ect of diversity is reinforced. We also show that nationality-based diversity matters more than parents' origin-based diversity, giving insights on the underlying mechanisms. In Chapter 4, co-authored with Camille H emet, we exploit some speci cities of the French Labor Force Survey, in order to detect the presence of referral networks among neighbors. We show the presence of referral networks, provide extensive robustness checks and investigate two rather understudied issues in the literature: (i) what kind of job transition are local referrals associated with (job-to-job or unemployment-to-job), (ii) how has the strength of local referral e ects evolved overtime?
Chen, Wei-Ming, and 陳瑋明. "Bureaucracy in Germany and France, and Its Relationships with Democracy:A Comparative Analysis of Internal Labor Market." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/21954803660707330666.
Full text東吳大學
政治學系
93
The theis focuses on the career paths forged by German and Franch bureaucratic systems with internal labor market theory, and its impacts on bureaucrats individually. In an internal labor market, there is mechanism developing special human resources. And specific career path rules are laid down to attract the talented. Thus, I employ the theory to analyze the closed bureaucratic system. Both states are closed bureaucratic system. In other words, lower positions are filled by the newly recruited while higher positions are filled only by experienced members. In the long run, the longer a member stays in it, the better rewards or social prestige he get. The thesis will look into the personnel policy as well as the interactions within hierarchy in both countries. In the end, the performance of both countries will be analyzed with internal labor market theory comparatively. Besides, burearcracies and the relationships with civil society are part of the study. I will look into the differences between politically decentralized Germany and centralized France to understand how these differences affect policy formation and implementation.
González, Victor, and 歐谷國. "Uberization of the Economy and the Economics of Uberization. Origins, Evolution and Consequences in the Labor Market: The Case of France." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/vdrv25.
Full text國立政治大學
國際經營管理英語碩士學位學程(IMBA)
104
Uberization: an all-in-one concept in vogue that synthesizes both the best and the worse from the latest economic and technological revolutions. It symbolizes a brand (Uber), a way of doing business (Uberize), a way of going out of business (being Uberized) and, perhaps most importantly, constant change. Not surprisingly most of the experts who have tried to define it appeal almost instinctively to the Schumpeterian notion of creative destruction as a useful precedent. Uberization is sometimes confused with other concepts such as sharing or collaborative economies, or even with disruptive technologies; but it is none, while at the same time encompasses them all. The purpose of this paper, more than simply defining or differentiating what the concept actually stands for, will be to try to illustrate what the major consequences of Uberization are on the real economy. Some precedents will be analyzed so as to understand its origin, evolution and future of Urbanization. The analysis will depart from the economic and technological fields, through a literary review; will subsequently extend to a concrete sector (riding), in a particular country (France), via qualitative examination (interviews and conferences); and will finally present some conclusive quantitative data (study cases) that will facilitate a wider comprehension of the phenomenon.
Rouček, Martin. "Proměny britského, německého a francouzského trhu práce v letech 2007-2010." Master's thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-357460.
Full textROMENS, ANNE-IRIS. "Coping with essentialism and stratifications: Migrant women with tertiary education in local labour markets of France and Italy." Doctoral thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3316558.
Full textDinan, Shannon. "Youth employment incentives : activation policy in Denmark, France and the United Kingdom (2008-2016)." Thèse, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/23501.
Full textYouth (15 to 29-year-olds) are vulnerable to economic shocks, and the ability to enter the labour market has significant effects on their long-term wellbeing. Consequently, the 2007-08 financial crisis had the potential to affect youth gravely, which is why welfare states adopted a series of policy initiatives to help youth in the post-crisis. Although countries adopted policies, traditional data such as labour market policy expenditures do not reveal increased spending consistent with higher unemployment levels. Research also shows welfare states have favoured policies that reinforce incentives to join the labour market and help individuals market their skills over more expensive policies that invest in human capital since the financial crisis. These analyses support the argument welfare states are converging around low-cost policies. These pressures notwithstanding, the adoption of similar policies is unusual because the needs between countries remain diverse. For that reason, and despite the factors inhibiting change, countries should not be adopting the same policies to respond to high youth unemployment. This dissertation investigates this complex policy environment by using a typology of activation incentives to compare policy instrument mixes between governments. Process-tracing is then used to determine how welfare states modified their youth employment policies since the financial crisis. First, qualitative data is used to identify the different policy mixes adopted in each case. Second, the policymaking process is analyzed using process-tracing methods. Research findings indicate all three cases, Denmark, France, and the United Kingdom, adopted new youth policies after the financial crisis. In addition to funding policies that continue typical logics found in each country, evidence shows each case adopted policies that deviate from established logics. These results are explained using three theoretical frameworks to identify mechanisms for change: policy learning, power resources and historical institutionalism. For each case, the dissertation outlines how these factors interacted to affect the policymaking process. This research contributes to welfare state literature by going beyond existing quantitative analysis to provide an in-depth account of youth activation policies and the policymaking process in the post-crisis.
Šedivková, Veronika. "Postavení matek samoživitelek - komparativní analýza rodinné politiky České republiky a Francie." Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-326622.
Full textRivier, Sabine Anne. "Parentalité et travail familial en France et en Allemagne - le parentalisme, nouveau mode de régulation ? -." Doctoral thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0006-AF01-B.
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