Journal articles on the topic 'Labor heat stress'
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Ioannou, Leonidas G., Konstantinos Mantzios, Lydia Tsoutsoubi, Eleni Nintou, Maria Vliora, Paraskevi Gkiata, Constantinos N. Dallas, et al. "Occupational Heat Stress: Multi-Country Observations and Interventions." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 12 (June 10, 2021): 6303. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18126303.
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Background: Occupational heat exposure can provoke health problems that increase the risk of certain diseases and affect workers’ ability to maintain healthy and productive lives. This study investigates the effects of occupational heat stress on workers’ physiological strain and labor productivity, as well as examining multiple interventions to mitigate the problem. Methods: We monitored 518 full work-shifts obtained from 238 experienced and acclimatized individuals who work in key industrial sectors located in Cyprus, Greece, Qatar, and Spain. Continuous core body temperature, mean skin temperature, heart rate, and labor productivity were collected from the beginning to the end of all work-shifts. Results: In workplaces where self-pacing is not feasible or very limited, we found that occupational heat stress is associated with the heat strain experienced by workers. Strategies focusing on hydration, work-rest cycles, and ventilated clothing were able to mitigate the physiological heat strain experienced by workers. Increasing mechanization enhanced labor productivity without increasing workers’ physiological strain. Conclusions: Empowering laborers to self-pace is the basis of heat mitigation, while tailored strategies focusing on hydration, work-rest cycles, ventilated garments, and mechanization can further reduce the physiological heat strain experienced by workers under certain conditions.
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Liu, Xingcai. "Reductions in Labor Capacity from Intensified Heat Stress in China under Future Climate Change." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 4 (February 17, 2020): 1278. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17041278.
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Heat stress would be intensified under global warming and become a key issue of occupational health for labor force working outdoors. The changes in labor force would affect regional socioeconomic development. So far, changes in labor force due to heat stress are not well documented in China. In this study, heat stress based on wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT), which combines the thermal effects on the human body of both temperature and humidity, is projected for the near future (2021–2050) and the end of the century (2071–2099). Changes in labor capacity are then estimated for heavy and light work based on the relationships between labor capacity and the WBGT. Low and high emission scenarios, namely Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 2.6 and RCP8.5, are considered for the future projections in the hottest two months (July and August) in China. Results suggest that the WBGT would increase by more than 3–5 °C by the end of the century. The labor capacity would decrease by more than 40% for both heavy and light work in considerable areas such as South and East China, where there is a large population and developed economy. This indicates that labor force would reduce significantly due to intensified heat stress. This study calls for special attention to the impact of heat stress on occupational health and the labor force in China in the future.
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Lee, Shih-Yu, Shih-Chun Candice Lung, Ping-Gin Chiu, Wen-Cheng Wang, I.-Chun Tsai, and Thung-Hong Lin. "Northern Hemisphere Urban Heat Stress and Associated Labor Hour Hazard from ERA5 Reanalysis." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 13 (July 3, 2022): 8163. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19138163.
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Increasing surface air temperature is a fundamental characteristic of a warming world. Rising temperatures have potential impacts on human health through heat stress. One heat stress metric is the wet-bulb globe temperature, which takes into consideration the effects of radiation, humidity, and wind speed. It also has broad health and environmental implications. This study presents wet-bulb globe temperatures calculated from the fifth-generation European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts atmospheric reanalysis and combines it with health guidelines to assess heat stress variability and the potential for reduction in labor hours over the past decade on both the continental and urban scale. Compared to 2010–2014, there was a general increase in heat stress during the period from 2015 to 2019 throughout the northern hemisphere, with the largest warming found in tropical regions, especially in the northern part of the Indian Peninsula. On the urban scale, our results suggest that heat stress might have led to a reduction in labor hours by up to ~20% in some Asian cities subject to work–rest regulations. Extremes in heat stress can be explained by changes in radiation and circulation. The resultant threat is highest in developing countries in tropical areas where workers often have limited legal protection and healthcare. The effect of heat stress exposure is therefore a collective challenge with environmental, economic, and social implications.
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Matsumoto, Ken’ichi, Kaoru Tachiiri, and Xuaming Su. "Heat stress, labor productivity, and economic impacts: analysis of climate change impacts using two-way coupled modeling." Environmental Research Communications 3, no. 12 (December 1, 2021): 125001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/ac3e14.
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Abstract Climate change affects various fundamental human activities, and understanding the consequences of its impacts is essential. Among them, heat stress considerably affects economic conditions. Furthermore, when analyzing the socioeconomic impacts of climate change, both socioeconomic and climate systems must be considered simultaneously, though such studies are scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the socioeconomic impacts of changes in labor productivity due to heat stress (measured by wet bulb globe temperature) under various climate change scenarios through a new modeling framework that coupled a computable general equilibrium model and an Earth system model of intermediate complexity to realize the interactions between the two systems through the relationship between heat stress and labor productivity. Results indicated that labor productivity declined as climate change progressed (particularly in hot and humid regions), driving a gradual decline in total global gross domestic product (GDP). Although regional GDP largely decreased where labor productivity considerably declined, it slightly increased in some areas because of a comparative advantage brought about by the difference in the impact on labor productivity by region. Consequently, carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and concentrations and the resulting temperature were slightly reduced when examining the impact of climate change on labor productivity. These tendencies were similar in both business-as-usual and climate change mitigation scenarios, but the overall impacts were smaller under the latter. There was a limited impact on CO2 emissions, CO2 concentrations, and temperature via integrated socioeconomic and climate systems. However, this study focused on only a single channel of the various interactions between the two systems. For a more complete evaluation of the impacts of climate change, further development of the integrated model is required.
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S, Sangeetha, and Usha S. "Impact of Climate Change on the Labor Market." ECS Transactions 107, no. 1 (April 24, 2022): 11287–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10701.11287ecst.
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Greenhouse gases have far-ranging environmental and health effects. They cause climate change by trapping heat and they also contribute to respiratory disease from smog and air pollution. Extreme weather, food supply disruptions, and increased wildfires are other effects of climate change caused by greenhouse gases. In turn, climate change has increased the risk to workers’ health and safety. Workers, especially those who work outdoors or in hot indoor environments, are also at increased risk of heat stress and other heat-related disorders, besides occupational injuries and reduced productivity at work. This article aims at contributing to this discussion by means of qualitative analysis and find out how climate change affects the labor market and its various implications on the workforce.
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Fajrianti, Gita, Zahroh Shaluhiyah, and Daru Lestantyo. "Pengendalian Heat Stress Pada Tenaga Kerja di Bagian Furnace PT. X Pangkalpinang Bangka Belitung." Jurnal Promosi Kesehatan Indonesia 12, no. 2 (August 16, 2017): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jpki.12.2.150-162.
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ABSTRAKTempat kerja yang nyaman merupakan salah satu faktor penunjang gairah kerja. Lingkungan kerja yang panas dan lembab akan menurunkan produktivitas kerja, juga akan membawa dampak negatif terhadap kesehatan dan keselamatan kerja. Suhu panas terutama berakibat menurunkan prestasi kerja berfikir. Penurunan kemampuan berfikir terjadi sesudah suhu udara melampaui suhu 32⁰C. Suhu dilingkungan area furnace sebesar 34,9⁰C, melebihi NAB yang distandarkan sebesar 30,5⁰C. Tujuan dari penelitiaan ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengendalian heat stress pada tenaga kerja dibagian furnace PT.X Pangkalpinang Kepulauan Bangka Belitung. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan wawancara mendalam pada 8 informan utama, 5 orang tenaga kerja dibagian produksi dan 3 orang dari manajemen. Analisa data menggunakan metode content analysis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semua informan mengungkapkan suhu dilingkungan kerja area tanur panas sesuai dengan hasil pengukuran suhu dilapangan sebesar 34,9⁰C melebihi ambang batas yang distandarkan, pengendalian heat stress dengan training (pendidikan atau latihan tentang pengendalian heat stress dan mengendalikan resiko tekanan panas) belum rutin dilaksanakan, pengendalian dengan penggantian cairan sudah disediakan oleh perusahaan tetapi aturan dan pola konsumsi belum dilaksanakan, pengendalian dengan aklimatisasi belum dilaksanakan diperusahaan.Kata Kunci: heat stress, pengendalian, pekerja Control of Heat Stress on Labor at Part Furnace PT. X Pangkalpinang Bangka Belitung. Comfortable workplace is one of the factors supporting morale. The work environment is hot and humid will reduce labor productivity, it will also have negative impacts on health and safety. Warmer temperatures result in lower performance primarily thinking. Decreased ability to think happened after the temperature has exceeded 32⁰ C. The temperature within the furnace area of 34.9⁰ C, which exceeds the standardized NAV of 30.5⁰ C. The purpose of this is to research analyze control of heat stress on the workforce section furnace PT.X Pangkalpinang Bangka Belitung. This study used a qualitative approach with in-depth interviews on 8 key informants, 5 labor section of the production and management 3. Analysis of the data using content analysis. The results showed that all informants reveal the temperature within the furnace hot work area in accordance with the results of temperature measurements in the field at 34.9⁰ C exceeds the threshold standardized, control heat stress with training (education or training on heat stress control and controlling the risk of heat stress) is not routinely executed, control with fluid replacement has been provided by the company but the rules and patterns of consumption have not been implemented, control with acclimatization yet implemented in the company . Keywords: heat stress, control, worker
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Kuhla, Kilian, Sven Norman Willner, Christian Otto, Leonie Wenz, and Anders Levermann. "Future heat stress to reduce people’s purchasing power." PLOS ONE 16, no. 6 (June 10, 2021): e0251210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251210.
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With increasing carbon emissions rising temperatures are likely to impact our economies and societies profoundly. In particular, it has been shown that heat stress can strongly reduce labor productivity. The resulting economic perturbations can propagate along the global supply network. Here we show, using numerical simulations, that output losses due to heat stress alone are expected to increase by about 24% within the next 20 years, if no additional adaptation measures are taken. The subsequent market response with rising prices and supply shortages strongly reduces the consumers’ purchasing power in almost all countries including the US and Europe with particularly strong effects in India, Brazil, and Indonesia. As a consequence, the producing sectors in many regions temporarily benefit from higher selling prices while decreasing their production in quantity, whereas other countries suffer losses within their entire national economy. Our results stress that, even though climate shocks may stimulate economic activity in some regions and some sectors, their unpredictability exerts increasing pressure on people’s livelihood.
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Lee, Seung-Wook, Kyoungmi Lee, and Byunghwan Lim. "Effects of climate change-related heat stress on labor productivity in South Korea." International Journal of Biometeorology 62, no. 12 (September 22, 2018): 2119–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00484-018-1611-6.
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Vongchanh, Kinnaleth, and Sarin Chan. "PRELIMINARY STUDY ON INVESTIGATION OF THE HEAT STRESS AFFECTING THE LABOR PRODUCTIVITY, A CASE STUDY: GARMENT FACTORY IN PHNOM PENH." ASEAN Engineering Journal 12, no. 3 (August 31, 2022): 103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/aej.v12.17821.
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This paper aims to investigate low labor productivity affected by heat stress; focusing on various parameters including outdoor and indoor temperatures and humidity, indoor air quality, and the outfit used. Survey of 130 questionnaires together with measurements of indoor and outdoor air temperatures and humidity were carried out in a garment factory in Phnom Penh, Cambodia during May 2019, which is one of the hottest months of the year. The indoor wet bulb globe temperature, WBGTid, with the evaporative cooling system in operation was ranging from 26 to 34oC; while the outdoor air dry-bulb temperature was around 25 to 41oC. The survey results show that the participants experienced all types of heat-stress symptoms, including heavy sweating, muscle cramps, tiredness/weakness, dizziness, headache, nausea or vomiting, and fainting. Even though the majority of respondents found the workplace temperature comfortable and around 65% could manage bad feelings due to heat stress, about 80% of respondents reported feeling hot and uncomfortable at working place within the period of 1 to 3 months in a year. During the hot months, some 39.6% had feeling thirsty, more than 22% felt exhaustion and had excessive sweating; and around 9% want to move and stay in a comfortable place. To cope with the heat stress, workers mostly drink water, but some also need to move away for a while or remove extra layer of outfit. Finally, noticeable number of workers, 41.3% and 33.7%, respectively, acknowledged heat stress negatively impact their productivity and cause irritation in working together.
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Hepler, Chelsea, Caroline E. Foy, Mark R. Higgins, and Benjamin J. Renquist. "The hypophagic response to heat stress is not mediated by GPR109A or peripheral β-OH butyrate." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 310, no. 10 (May 15, 2016): R992—R998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00513.2015.
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Rising temperatures resulting from climate change will increase the incidence of heat stress, negatively impacting the labor force and food animal production. Heat stress elevates circulating β-OH butyrate, which induces vasodilation through GPR109a. Interestingly, both heat stress and intraperitoneal β-OH butyrate administration induce hypophagia. Thus, we aimed to investigate the role of β-OH butyrate in heat stress hypophagia in mice. We found that niacin, a β-OH butyrate mimetic that cannot be oxidized to generate ATP, also reduces food intake. Interestingly, the depression in food intake as a result of 8-h intraperitoneal niacin or 48-h heat exposure did not result from changes in hypothalamic expression of orexigenic or anorexigenic signals (AgRP, NPY, or POMC). Genetically eliminating GPR109a expression did not prevent the hypophagic response to heat exposure, intraperitoneal β-OH butyrate (5.7 mmol/kg), or niacin (0.8 mmol/kg). Hepatic vagotomy eliminated the hypophagic response to β-OH butyrate and niacin but did not affect the hypophagic response to heat exposure. We subsequently hypothesized that the hypophagic response to heat stress may depend on direct effects of β-OH butyrate at the central nervous system: β-OH butyrate induced hormonal changes (hyperinsulinemia, hypercorticosteronemia, and hyperleptinemia), or gene expression changes. To test these possibilities, we blocked expression of hepatic hydroxyl methyl glutaryl CoA synthase II (HMGCS2) to prevent hepatic β-OH butyrate synthesis. Mice that lack HMGCS2 maintain a hypophagic response to heat stress. Herein, we establish that the hypophagia of heat stress is independent of GPR109a, the hepatic vagus afferent nerve, and hepatic ketone body synthesis.
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Feng, Guohui, Yan Zang, Jialin Sun, and Yuhan Liu. "A review of heat stress evaluation indices in extremely hot environments." E3S Web of Conferences 356 (2022): 03003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202235603003.
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Selecting appropriate evaluation indices to evaluate extremely hot environments has become an urgent problem to ensure the safety of workers’ lives and improve labor productivity. The objective of this review is to compare relevant evaluation indices for assessing heat stress and to analyze the more effective ones applicable to the industrial environment by considering each one together. Based on extensive research on existing literature and relevant international standards, this paper introduces the definitions of heat stress and its influencing factors. Based on the actual needs of workers, analyze the existing heat stress indices from a practical standpoint, and summarize the definitions, advantages, and limitations of each index. As a result, this paper emphasizes that the relevant thresholds of thermal indices should be appropriately adjusted to suit different industrial environments. The hazards of extreme work environments can be reduced by developing new indices, charts, or related strategies. This review will provide a solid theoretical foundation for environmental control schemes for harsh working situations.
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DAS, SAUDAMINI. "TEMPERATURE INCREASE, LABOR SUPPLY AND COST OF ADAPTATION IN DEVELOPING ECONOMIES: EVIDENCE ON URBAN WORKERS IN INFORMAL SECTORS." Climate Change Economics 06, no. 02 (May 2015): 1550007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010007815500074.
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Heat wave impact on labor supply is less researched, though workers in exposed occupations have been seriously impacted in recent years, especially in developing economies. The paper identifies labor reallocation and coping strategies of poor urban workers on a heat wave day compared to a normal summer day by surveying informal sector workers who work in the open. The workers are found to forgo 1.19 h of work time and 0.46 h of family time and use these extra 1.65 h to rest more on heat wave days to adapt to heat stress. They resort to other adaptations like eating appropriate food with high water content, keeping their house cool by repeated wiping of floor using cooling ingredients, covering the roof of their living space with paddy straw, putting thick grass curtains, using fans for longer hours etc. These adaptations including the work time loss costs around INR 195 per heat wave day to a household, which is, on average, 2.7% of their monthly income. The paper approximates the private adaptation costs of informal sector workers to heat waves.
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Johnson, Brian. "Reallocation of labor in honeybee colonies during heat stress: the relative roles of task switching and the activation of reserve labor." Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 51, no. 2 (January 1, 2002): 188–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00265-001-0419-1.
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Wagoner, Rietta S., Nicolas I. López-Gálvez, Jill G. de Zapien, Stephanie C. Griffin, Robert A. Canales, and Paloma I. Beamer. "An Occupational Heat Stress and Hydration Assessment of Agricultural Workers in North Mexico." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 6 (March 22, 2020): 2102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17062102.
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Expanding agribusiness in Northern Mexico has increased demand for workers from Southern Mexico, with hundreds of thousands migrating for work annually. Extreme temperatures, physical labor, and low fluid consumption place workers at risk for heat strain and dehydration, commonly underreported hazards in the agricultural industry. The objectives of this pilot study were to assess heat exposure and hydration status of a population of migratory agricultural workers in Northern Mexico throughout the grape harvest season. In addition to demographic information, environmental conditions, hydration status, and core body temperatures were collected. The majority listed Chiapas as their home state, nearly half spoke an Indigenous language, and none had completed high school. The wet-bulb globe temperature was significantly higher during the harvest and post-harvest seasons compared to the pre-harvest season. Across the different seasons, the majority were dehydrated post-shift, and mean core body temperature of workers was not significantly different. This project highlights the need for targeted interventions to improve hydration and prevent heat stress in this region. As the number of warm days is expected to rise each year worldwide, it will be increasingly important to engage in practices to protect vulnerable populations, such as migratory agriculture workers.
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Abdul-Baki, Aref A., S. A. Haroon, and R. N. Huettel. "AN IN VITRO TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUE FOR EVALUATING SUSCEPTIBILITY TO NEMATODE AND TOLERANCE TO HEAT STRESS IN TOMATOES." HortScience 27, no. 6 (June 1992): 698g—698. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.6.698g.
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Susceptibility of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) genotpyes to the root-knot nematode Meloydogyne incognita and to heat stress can be evaluated in a single labor- and time-saving operation using a nondestructive in vitro excised root technique. Seeds are sterilized and germinated for 2 days on 1% water agar. Five-mm root sections are grown at 28 and 35 C for 30 days on Gamborg-B medium with and without nematode inoculum. Evaluation criteria include fresh and dry weight and the appearance of juveniles, adults, gulls, and egg masses. Evidence will be presented on the breakdown of resistance to M. incognita under high temperature stress.
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Yi, Wen, and Albert Chan. "Effects of Heat Stress on Construction Labor Productivity in Hong Kong: A Case Study of Rebar Workers." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 14, no. 9 (September 12, 2017): 1055. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14091055.
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Wesseling, Catharina, Jason Glaser, Julieta Rodríguez-Guzmán, Ilana Weiss, Rebekah Lucas, Sandra Peraza, Agnes Soares da Silva, et al. "Chronic kidney disease of non-traditional origin in Mesoamerica: a disease primarily driven by occupational heat stress." Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública 44 (January 27, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.26633/rpsp.2020.15.
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The death toll of the epidemic of chronic kidney disease of nontraditional origin (CKDnt) in Mesoamerica runs into the tens of thousands, affecting mostly young men. There is no consensus on the etiology. Anecdotal evidence from the 1990s pointed to work in sugarcane; pesticides and heat stress were suspected. Subsequent population-based surveys supported an occupational origin with overall high male-female ratios in high-risk lowlands, but small sex differences within occupational categories, and low prevalence in non-workers. CKDnt was reported in sugarcane and other high-intensity agriculture, and in non-agricultural occupations with heavy manual labor in hot environments, but not among subsistence farmers. Recent studies with stronger designs have shown cross-shift changes in kidney function and hydration biomarkers and cross-harvest kidney function declines related to heat and workload. The implementation of a water-rest-shade intervention midharvest in El Salvador appeared to halt declining kidney function among cane cutters. In Nicaragua a water-rest-shade program appeared sufficient to prevent kidney damage among cane workers with low-moderate workload but not among cutters with heaviest workload. Studies on pesticides and infectious risk factors have been largely negative. Non-occupational risk factors do not explain the observed epidemiologic patterns. In conclusion, work is the main driver of the CKDnt epidemic in Mesoamerica, with occupational heat stress being the single uniting factor shown to lead to kidney dysfunction in affected populations. Sugarcane cutters with extreme heat stress could be viewed as a sentinel occupational population. Occupational heat stress prevention is critical, even more so in view of climate change.
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Lepekhov, S. B. "Canopy temperature depression for droughtand heat stress tolerance in wheat breeding." Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding 26, no. 2 (April 5, 2022): 196–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/vjgb-22-24.
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An infrared thermometer was first used to assess drought and heat tolerance in plant breeding more than 40 years ago. Soon afterward, this method became widely used throughout the world. However, Russia has not yet applied the described method for evaluating stress tolerance. This paper presents an overview of using infrared thermometry in plant breeding. Taking wheat as an example, it shows major advantages and disadvantages of canopy temperature depression (CTD) values measured by the infrared thermometer. The paper also demonstrates that genotypes with higher CTD values, and therefore with a lower canopy temperature, use more available soil moisture under drought stress to cool the canopy by transpiration. It refers to CTD as an integrative trait that reflects an overall plant water status. Its coefficient of variation lies in the interval of 10 to 43 %. A large number of publications illustrate a close relation between CTD values and yield and indicate a high heritability of the former. Meanwhile, the same works show that yield has a higher heritability. Moreover, some researchers doubt that CTD should be used in applied wheat breeding as there are many factors that influence it. CTD has a high correlation with other traits that reflect plant water status or their adaptation to drought or heat stress. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with CTD are localized in all chromosomes, except for 3D. These QTLs often explain a small part of phenotypic variance (10–20 %, more likely less than 10 %), which complicates the pyramiding of canopy temperature genes through marker-assisted selection. The paper concludes that the evaluation of CTD appears to be a reliable, relatively simple, labor-saving, objective, and non-invasive method that sets it apart from other methods as well as shows the best results under terminal drought and heat stress conditions.
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Nagano, Chikage, Takao Tsutsui, Koichi Monji, Yasuhiro Sogabe, Nozomi Idota, and Seichi Horie. "Technique for Continuously Monitoring Core Body Temperatures to Prevent Heat Stress Disorders in Workers Engaged in Physical Labor." Journal of Occupational Health 52, no. 3 (May 2010): 167–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1539/joh.l9160.
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Yengoh, Genesis Tambang, and Jonas Ardö. "Climate Change and the Future Heat Stress Challenges among Smallholder Farmers in East Africa." Atmosphere 11, no. 7 (July 16, 2020): 753. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11070753.
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Agricultural production in sub-Saharan Africa remains dependent on high inputs of human labor, a situation associated with direct exposure to daylight heat during critical periods of the agricultural calendar. We ask the question: how is the Wet-Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) going to be distributed in the future, and how will this affect the ability of smallholder farmers to perform agricultural activities? Data from general circulation models are used to estimate the distribution of WBGT in 2000, 2050 and 2100, and for high activity periods in the agricultural calendar. The distribution of WBGT is divided into recommended maximum WBGT exposure levels (°C) at different work intensities, and rest/work ratios for an average acclimatized worker wearing light clothing (ISO, 18). High WBGTs are observed during the two periods of the East African. In February to March, eastern and coastal regions of Kenya and Tanzania witness high WBGT values—some necessitating up to 75% rest/hour work intensities in 2050 and 2100. In August to September, eastern and northern Kenya and north and central Uganda are vulnerable to high WBGT values. Designing policies to address this key challenge is a critical element in adaptation methods to address the impact of climate change.
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Kheder, Rayan, and Ali Al-Dosky. "Heat Exposure and Oxidative DNA Damage Among Bakery Workers in Duhok Province, Iraq." Journal of Life and Bio Sciences Research 4, no. 01 (January 5, 2023): 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.38094/jlbsr40181.
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Background and rationales: There are not much researches on the effects of heat exposure, specifically on oxidative DNA damage, among bakery employees. Physical labor-intensive baking exposes bakers to high temperatures, especially in traditional bakeries with uncovered ovens. An electronic heat measuring device index and serum 8-hydroxy-2-deoxy guanosine(8-OHdG) will be utilized in this study to quantify oxidative DNA damage and heat stress, respectively. The impact of heat exposure on oxidative DNA damage in the Duhok populace has not yet been studied in the literature. This study aimed to measure the impact of heat exposure on serum levels of oxidative DNA damage in bakers who work in high-temperature bakeries. Method: A case control study was carried out among 141 participants, 62 individuals exposed to heat (bakery workers) and 79 individuals unexposed to heat exposure as control group. 8-hydroxy 2-deoxy guanosine (8-OHdG) has been analyzed using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Results: The mean ±SD of 8-OHdG in bakery workers (13.78 ±5.89 ng/ml) were higher than those in healthy control individuals (1.55 ±0.75 ng/ml) with a statistically significantly differences (p<0.0001). Conclusion: High mean levels of 8-OHdG was found in exposed individuals (bakery workers) in comparison with control individuals unexposed to heat, suggesting that high-heat exposures have the risk of causing genetic effects and DNA damage.
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Chicas, Roxana, Nezahualcoyotl Xiuhtecutli, Nathan Eric Dickman, Joan Flocks, Madeleine K. Scammell, Kyle Steenland, Vicki Hertzberg, and Linda McCauley. "Cooling Interventions Among Agricultural Workers: Qualitative Field-Based Study." Hispanic Health Care International 19, no. 3 (February 19, 2021): 174–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1540415321993429.
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Introduction: Agricultural workers perform intense labor outside in direct sunlight and in humid environmental conditions exposing them to a high risk of heat-related illness (HRI). To implement effective cooling interventions in occupational settings, it is important to consider workers’ perceptions. To date, an analysis of agricultural workers’ experience and perception of cooling devices used in the field while working has not been published. Methods: Qualitatively data from 61 agricultural workers provided details of their perceptions and experiences with cooling interventions. Results: The participants in the bandana group reported the bandana was practical to use at work and did not interfere with their work routine. Cooling vest group participants agreed that the vest was effective at cooling them, but the practicality of using the vest at work was met with mixed reviews. Conclusion: The findings of this qualitative study support and extend existing research regarding personal cooling and heat prevention research interventions with vulnerable occupational groups. Personal cooling gear was well received and utilized by the agricultural workers. Sustainable heat prevention studies and governmental protection strategies for occupational heat stress are urgently needed to reduce the risk of heat-related morbidity, mortality, and projected climate change health impacts on outdoor workers.
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Vorob’ev, R. A., and V. N. Litovchenko. "Application of the ultrasound control to evaluation of the crack-resistance of low-carbon martensite steel 07Kh3GNMYuA." Industrial laboratory. Diagnostics of materials 87, no. 1 (January 19, 2021): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.26896/1028-6861-2021-87-1-45-51.
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The goal of the study is to reveal the impact of change in the structural state of steel 07Kh3GNMYuA after heat treatment on the values of the critical stress intensity coefficient (K1c) obtained at a temperature of 50°C and on the velocity of ultrasound wave propagation, as well as to determine a correlation between them for rapid assessment of the crack resistance using acoustic characteristics. The mechanical characteristics of the material and the critical stress intensity coefficient K1c were obtained on the test machine «Inspekt 100 Table». The tangent method is used for determination of K1c. Three samples per K1c value were used in the experiment for a three-point bending scheme at the operating temperature T = –50°C. Acoustic parameters were measured using the echo-pulse method. The results of ultrasonic scanning of heat-strengthened samples made of steel 07Kh3GNMYuA demonstrated the possibility of non-destructive quantitative evaluation of the critical stress intensity coefficient. New data on the mechanical properties of steel 07Kh3GNMYuA and on the correlation between the velocity of longitudinal elastic waves and the values of the critical stress intensity coefficient of structures were obtained. Deviation of the calculated values of K1c obtained using acoustic measurements from the experimental values does not exceed 10%. The proposed model, which explains change in the acoustic characteristics of steel 07Kh3GNMYuA on the basis of phase changes occurring in the steel structure upon tempering, provides conducting of similar studies for other modes of heat treatment and other steel grades. The method is a low labor- and time-consuming procedure for determination of the mechanical characteristics of the products made of steel 07Kh3GNMYuA, since it does not require the manufacturing of samples and their testing. The developed procedure can be proposed for manufacturing application, as the main or additional method for evaluation of the mechanical parameters of materials after various modes of heat treatment.
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Sun, Yu Ping, Neng Zhu, and Zhe Tian. "Measurement and Evaluation for Productivity in Extreme Hot Environment." Applied Mechanics and Materials 209-211 (October 2012): 1496–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.209-211.1496.
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The productivity in extreme hot environment is not only influenced by the complexity of the task and the technical proficiency of the workers, but also closely related to the heat stress caused by the hot environment. In this study, three methods of productivity measurement were introduced, mainly referred to their applications and limitations. The method of using thermal sensation vote was based on the subjective feelings, and its application was convenient. The method of using wet-bulb globe temperature was based on the environment parameters and working time. It can be applied to a wide range of high temperature. While the method of using predicted mean vote had more comprehensive considerations of environment parameters and thermal sensation, but the complexity measurement of the environment parameters limited the usefulness of this method. Different from the three methods, this study proposed the physiological stress index to be the argument in the calculation of productivity. The physiological stress index combines both the environmental intensity and labor intensity. It reflects physiological conditions of the workers directly and has the potential to predict the productivity online.
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Zamora Salazar, Alondra Stefania, Carlos Alejandro Cosío Ávila, Jorge Leonardo Ruiz Campos, Ciria Margarita Salazar, and Adriana Isabel Andrade Sánchez. "Fuentes de estrés en jugadoras élite de balonmano en una competencia nacional." Revista Peruana de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y Deporte 8, no. 1 (August 23, 2021): 1083–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.53820/rpcafd.v8i1.1083.
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Objective: To determine the level of stress to which handball athletes are subjected in a national competition andobserve the sources that cause it.Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out. The instrument Sources, Symptoms and Stress Coping Strategies (FUSIES) was used in 60 elite handball players between 13 and 37 years old. They participated in the 2019 National Championship.Results: Among the main results it is evident that the stressor source with the highest extreme scores are academic-labor stressors, injustice of authorities (M = 3.98 ± 1.06), not having vacations (M = 3.35 ± 1.28) and lackof time. (M = 3.35 ± 1.28), in the interpersonal-family stressors it is found not having money (M = 3.50 ± 1.28), loss of something (M = 3.22 ± 1.22), family problems (M = 3.17 ± 1.29) and fighting / argue (M = 3.17 ± 1.29), in environmental stressors excessive heat is located (M = 3.52 ± 1.86), disorder (M = 3.40 ± 1.34), heavy traffic (M = 3.40 ± 1.25), lack of transportation (M = 3.40 ± 1.21) and excessive noise (M = 3.32 ± 1.29) and in other menstruation stressors (M = 3.35 ± 1.24), being sick (M = 3.10 ± 1.28) and staying awake (M = 3.08 ± 1.22). Conclusions: Enabling strategies for coping with stress should be one of the relevant elements in sports planning. The determinants of stress must be trained during the preseason, season and pre-competition toavoid stressors threatening the sports performance of the players.
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García-Arroyo, Fernando E., Magdalena Cristóbal, Abraham S. Arellano-Buendía, Horacio Osorio, Edilia Tapia, Virgilia Soto, Magdalena Madero, et al. "Rehydration with soft drink-like beverages exacerbates dehydration and worsens dehydration-associated renal injury." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 311, no. 1 (July 1, 2016): R57—R65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00354.2015.
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Recurrent dehydration, such as commonly occurs with manual labor in tropical environments, has been recently shown to result in chronic kidney injury, likely through the effects of hyperosmolarity to activate both vasopressin and aldose reductase-fructokinase pathways. The observation that the latter pathway can be directly engaged by simple sugars (glucose and fructose) leads to the hypothesis that soft drinks (which contain these sugars) might worsen rather than benefit dehydration associated kidney disease. Recurrent dehydration was induced in rats by exposure to heat (36°C) for 1 h/24 h followed by access for 2 h to plain water (W), a 11% fructose-glucose solution (FG, same composition as typical soft drinks), or water sweetened with noncaloric stevia (ST). After 4 wk plasma and urine samples were collected, and kidneys were examined for oxidative stress, inflammation, and injury. Recurrent heat-induced dehydration with ad libitum water repletion resulted in plasma and urinary hyperosmolarity with stimulation of the vasopressin (copeptin) levels and resulted in mild tubular injury and renal oxidative stress. Rehydration with 11% FG solution, despite larger total fluid intake, resulted in greater dehydration (higher osmolarity and copeptin levels) and worse renal injury, with activation of aldose reductase and fructokinase, whereas rehydration with stevia water had opposite effects. In animals that are dehydrated, rehydration acutely with soft drinks worsens dehydration and exacerbates dehydration associated renal damage. These studies emphasize the danger of drinking soft drink-like beverages as an attempt to rehydrate following dehydration.
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Venugopal, Vidhya, PK Latha, S. Rekha, K. Manikandan, and Tord Kjellstrom. "O7E.2 Risk factors for heat strain – comparing indoor and outdoor workers in the changing climate scenario." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 76, Suppl 1 (April 2019): A68.3—A69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem-2019-epi.184.
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BackgroundPredicted rise in global mean temperatures of 2°C–3°C and much larger increases in some regions due to Climate Change is expected to impact workers’ health because of physiological limits due to the Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT). Such temperatures rise implies increasingly large increases in regions where outdoor and indoor work is restricted due to physiological decrements and reduced work capacity.AimWe compare the potential health and productivity risks for indoor and outdoor workers in select Indian workplaces.MethodsThe study population was a random sample of ∼1300 outdoor and indoor workers from various occupations in Indian workplaces. We conducted seasonal WBGT exposures, quantitative physiological heat-strain measurements and captured self-reported health symptoms through questionnaires. The risk definition included symptoms of heat-strain, self-reported heat-illness, and reduced work capacity/productivity loss.ResultsWBGT exceeded threshold limit values for moderate/heavy work for 73% outdoor workers (28.9°C±2.4°C) and 67% indoor workers (28.8°C±3.5°C). Heat stress and heat-strain indicators were significantly associated (p=0.0001) and outdoor workers had 2.2 times greater risk of heat-strain during hot seasons (95% CI: 1.695–2.937). Compared to indoor workers, the outdoor workers ran a higher risk of self-reported health decrements (OR: 6.4; 95% CI: 3.884–10.350; p=0.0001), dehydration (OR: 3.0; 95% CI: 2.352–3.999) and productivity losses (OR: 8.0; 95% CI: 4.911–13.382). In select occupations, while indoor workers exposed to chronic high-heat had a higher percentage of kidney stones (9%), the outdoor workers with long years of heat exposures had the higher risk of reduced kidney function (14%) due to repeated dehydration, volume depletion, and Acute Kidney Injury.ConclusionWe discuss implications for workers’ health and productivity as climate modeling shows seriously increasing outdoor and indoor heat problems without suitable control measures for cooling. Strong protective labor policies and research are imperative to avoid serious health impacts and to maintain productivity.
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Mathers, Hannah M. "Summary of Temperature Stress Issues in Nursery Containers and Current Methods of Protection." HortTechnology 13, no. 4 (January 2003): 617–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.13.4.0617.
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Container nurseries are generally more productive than field nurseries because plants can be produced faster and at higher densities. Increasingly, nursery stock is being propagated, grown, and marketed in containers. The prime biological advantage of container stock over bareroot and field-grown balled and burlapped (B&B) stock is that the root system is packaged and protected from transplant or mechanical stress; however, temperature stress limits container production. Plants overwintered in containers suffer greater winter injury than those in the ground because the roots are surrounded by cold, circulating air rather than the insulating environment of the soil. There are several methods for providing protection from cold winter temperatures that are used in the nursery industry; however, all are labor intensive, expensive and vary in effectiveness. Container stock also suffers from elevated summer root zone temperatures. Cultivar differences in the degree of summer injury have been reported. With increasing human population pressures and decreasing availability of fresh water supplies, the need for more water-efficient nursery cultural practices becomes increasingly important. Water and nutrient use efficiency are predominant factors restricting nursery container production. Cultural factors that improve root function and reduce root injury and container heat load are considered key to improving these efficiencies. This paper examines temperature stress issues and the effects of different nursery cultural environments such as conventional overwintering systems, conventional gravel production surfaces, pot-in-pot production, and retractable roof greenhouses.
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Amini, Mastaneh, Leila Ibrahimi Ghavamabadi, Hossinali Rangkooy, and Behzad Fouladi Dehaghi. "Climate change and its effects on farm workers." Environmental Health Engineering and Management 8, no. 3 (July 27, 2021): 179–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/ehem.2021.21.
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Background: One of the biggest global occupational threats, especially in the outdoor workplace, is climate change and global warming, as workers are exposed to the heat stress leading to reduced performance. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of workplace climate on labor productivity index in the agricultural sector. Methods: In this study, data related to environmental variables of 215 synoptic meteorological stations in Khuzestan province were collected from three climatic regions (hot, mild, and cold). Using MATLAB R 2018b mathematical software based on ASHRAE/ISO7730 standard values by designing some scenarios, predicted mean vote (PMV) index, and then, labor productivity index (P) were estimated. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 25 software. Results: The results showed that in the hot regions, there is a significant inverse relationship between P index and the main environmental variables (ta, tr, pa). In the cold regions, increasing the amount of ta and tr in light and medium workload improved the P index, but for heavy workload, it reduced productivity, and the most effective factor was increasing air vapor pressure. In the mild regions, the most effective factor in productivity was air vapor pressure. In addition, the results of Spearman’s correlation coefficient showed that PMV index has a direct and significant relationship with P index. Conclusion: Regarding the increasing trend of climate change and its effect on the desired thermal comfort and productivity, well structure and planning is needed to manage farm workers health.
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Chowdhury, Sajal, Yasuhiro Hamada, and Khandaker Shabbir Ahmed. "Indoor heat stress and cooling energy comparison between green roof (GR) and non-green roof (n-GR) by simulations for labor intensive factories in the tropics." International Journal of Sustainable Built Environment 6, no. 2 (December 2017): 449–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsbe.2017.09.001.
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Rymarov, Andrey, Pavel Havanov, and Dmitri Titkov. "Formation of local temperature regime in the room: personal ventilation system." E3S Web of Conferences 263 (2021): 04026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126304026.
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The peculiarities of a person’s metabolism are related to the state of health, age, and other personality traits, which determines the need for a personal value of the ambient air temperature. Individualization of work and recreation of people requires the creation of local temperature zones in the room with the air temperature necessary for a particular person, which will increase labor productivity, reduce morbidity, since the stress of the human thermoregulation system will be minimal. In addition, the personalization of the microclimate in the workplace in the room with the creation of local temperature zones will allow you not to waste heat and electricity where it is not needed, creating additional opportunities for energy saving potential in the premises of the building. The article deals with the personalization of the operation of the ventilation system in the room with the formation of vertical conical air jets coming from the ceiling of the room to the workplace, considering the requirements of regulatory documents for the air velocity in the working area of the room.
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Setyaningsih, Yuliani, Adi Heru Husodo, and Indwiani Astuti. "Work Environment Factors and Their Influence on Urinary Chromium Levels in Informal Electroplating Workers." E3S Web of Conferences 31 (2018): 06007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20183106007.
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One of the informal sector which absorbs labor was electroplating business. This sector uses chromium as coating material because it was strong, corrosion resistant and strong. Nonetheless hexavalent chromium is highly toxic if inhaled, swallowed and contact with skin. Poor hygiene, the lack of work environment factors and sanitation conditions can increase the levels of chromium in the body. This aimed of this study was to analyze the association between work environment factors and levels of urinary chromium in informal electroplating worker. A Purposive study was conducted in Tegal Central Java. The research subjects were 66 male workers. Chi Square analysis was used to establish an association between work environment factors and level of urinary chromium. There is a relationship between heat stress and wind direction to the chromium levels in urine (p <0.05), but there is no relationship between humidity and levels of chromium in the urine (p> 0.05). This explains that work environment factors can increase chromium levels in the urine of informal electroplating workers.
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White, B. G., and D. J. MacPhee. "Distension of the uterus induces HspB1 expression in rat uterine smooth muscle." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 301, no. 5 (November 2011): R1418—R1426. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00272.2011.
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The uterine musculature, or myometrium, demonstrates tremendous plasticity during pregnancy under the influences of the endocrine environment and mechanical stresses. Expression of the small stress protein heat shock protein B1 (HspB1) has been reported to increase dramatically during late pregnancy, a period marked by myometrial hypertrophy caused by fetal growth-induced uterine distension. Thus, using unilaterally pregnant rat models and ovariectomized nonpregnant rats with uteri containing laminaria tents to induce uterine distension, we examined the effect of uterine distension on myometrial HspB1 expression. In unilaterally pregnant rats, HspB1 mRNA and Ser15-phosphorylated HspB1 (pSer15 HspB1) protein expression were significantly elevated in distended gravid uterine horns at days 19 and 23 (labor) of gestation compared with nongravid horns. Similarly, pSer15 HspB1 protein in situ was only readily detectable in the distended horns compared with the nongravid horns at days 19 and 23; however, pSer15 HspB1 was primarily detectable in situ at day 19 in membrane-associated regions, while it had primarily a cytoplasmic localization in myometrial cells at day 23. HspB1 mRNA and pSer15 HspB1 protein expression were also markedly increased in ovariectomized nonpregnant rat myometrium distended for 24 h with laminaria tents compared with empty horns. Therefore, uterine distension plays a major role in the stimulation of myometrial HspB1 expression, and increased expression of this small stress protein could be a mechanoadaptive response to the increasing uterine distension that occurs during pregnancy.
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Sangamithra, A., and P. Sindia. "Health Hazards of Industrial Workers: Preventive Measures." Shanlax International Journal of Arts, Science and Humanities 8, no. 2 (October 1, 2020): 113–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/sijash.v8i2.3447.
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Workers in every occupation face a multitude of hazards in the work place - occupational health and. Safety addresses the broad range of workplace hazards from accident prevention to the more insidious hazards, including toxic fumes, dust, noise, heat, stress, etc. Preventing work-related diseases and accidents must be the goal of occupational health and safety programs. The occupational health service is a link in the work organization. Human life is high in the hierarchy of values for the health professions. Health is a major determinant of the quality of life. Societal values have greater importance in the world of labor, with its complex informal and formal social structures. The cultural values of both workers and the community at large have to be considered. Present-day technology is a valuable asset if its limitations are understood. Computers and their software already provide thoroughly tested systems of data recording, processing, retrieval, and analysis, obviating the need for other records and occupational health services. The occupational illness burden is growing at an increasing rate. The profile of occupational illness has also been modified over a period due to modernization, liberalization, and globalization. Trained human resources in the field of occupational health and safety are far below the requirement. Hence, there is an urgent need for framing suitable policy, developing newer strategies, and developing our knowledge about occupational health and safety measures. Traditional training in occupational health needs to be supplemented with modern techniques.
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Chinnadurai, Jeremiah, Vidhya Venugopal, Kumaravel P, and Paramesh R. "Influence of occupational heat stress on labour productivity – a case study from Chennai, India." International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management 65, no. 2 (February 8, 2016): 245–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijppm-08-2014-0121.
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Purpose – Raise in temperatures due to climate change is likely to increase the heat stress in occupations that are physically exerting and performed outdoors which might potentially have adverse health and productivity consequences. The purpose of this paper is to estimate the productivities in construction work under the influence of heat stress using the predicted mean vote (PMV) index. Design/methodology/approach – Field studies were conducted during May 2014 which is summer time in Chennai. Continuous heart rate of workers and wet bulb globe temperature measurements are conducted for workers engaged in different jobs in construction. Metabolic rates and the workload of the workers from heart rate were calculated using the ISO method 8996 and the PMV values are calculated using the tool developed by Malchaire based on the method ISO 7730. Direct observations and personal interviews were conducted to substantiate the productivity estimations. Findings – The results showed that workers working outdoors with moderate and heavy workload exceeded the threshold limit value of 28°C and had adverse productivity impacts (18-35 per cent productivity loss), whereas the workers engaged in light indoor work was not affected by heat stress and consequent productivity losses. The productivity estimations using the PMV index is found to be statistically significant for three types of construction works (Pearson correlation coefficient value of −0.78) and also correlated well with the observations and self-reported productivities of the workers. Originality/value – The method used in this paper provides a scientific and reliable estimation of the productivities which may benefit the industry to set realistic project completion goals in hot weather and also implement interventions and policies to protect workers’ health. Developing adaptive strategies and implementing control measures are the need of the hour to protect worker’s health and economic losses in the face of climate change.
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Mwageni, Nicholaus, and Gabriel Kassenga. "Cost-Benefit Analysis of Green Space Investment in Residential Areas of Dar es Salaam City, Tanzania." Journal of Sustainable Development 15, no. 3 (May 5, 2022): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v15n3p157.
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Urban green spaces are increasingly recognized as alternative ameliorative methods to technical solutions abating cities' environmental problems like poor air quality, climate change impacts, and heat stress. However, the costs of development and maintenance of green spaces in terms of materials, labor, and time are not known. The main objective of the study was to assess the costs and benefits associated with green space investment in residential plots of Dar es Salaam City. The study employed in-depth interviews using structured questionnaires and document review. Results indicated that households incur an average cost of TZS 136,579 (USD 59) and a maximum of TZS 6,629,019 (USD 2,882) for establishing more than one home greenery type. The total net monetary benefit per household after all costs due to disservices have been accounted for was TZS 3,148,827 (USD 1,369) annually. Based on a cost-benefit analysis of home greenery, it was found that the benefit was 2.6 times as much as the investment cost thus suggesting that maintaining home greeneries is cost-effective and a worthwhile investment. The results may help in evaluating trades off between courses of action as well as a decision tool for the households when investing in green spaces. The study recommends that residents and City managers should invest in allotments, shade trees, and/or fruit trees, as they were found to have the highest benefits, monetary savings, and benefit-cost ratio. Moreover, to maximize monetary benefit from home greenery, residents should select the right type of green space followed by choosing the right plant species, identification of the right location within the residential plot for establishing green space, and adopting building designs that optimally support green space functioning.
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Zander, Kerstin K., Wouter J. W. Botzen, Elspeth Oppermann, Tord Kjellstrom, and Stephen T. Garnett. "Heat stress causes substantial labour productivity loss in Australia." Nature Climate Change 5, no. 7 (May 4, 2015): 647–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2623.
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Simpson, Charles, J. Scott Hosking, Dann Mitchell, Richard A. Betts, and Emily Shuckburgh. "Regional disparities and seasonal differences in climate risk to rice labour." Environmental Research Letters 16, no. 12 (November 15, 2021): 124004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac3288.
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Abstract The 880 million agricultural workers of the world are especially vulnerable to increasing heat stress due to climate change, affecting the health of individuals and reducing labour productivity. In this study, we focus on rice harvests across Asia and estimate the future impact on labour productivity by considering changes in climate at the time of the annual harvest. During these specific times of the year, heat stress is often high compared to the rest of the year. Examining climate simulations of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6 (CMIP6), we identified that labour productivity metrics for the rice harvest, based on local wet-bulb globe temperature, are strongly correlated with global mean near-surface air temperature in the long term (p ≪ 0.01, R 2 > 0.98 in all models). Limiting global warming to 1.5 °C rather than 2.0 °C prevents a clear reduction in labour capacity of 1% across all Asia and 2% across Southeast Asia, affecting the livelihoods of around 100 million people. Due to differences in mechanization between and within countries, we find that rice labour is especially vulnerable in Indonesia, the Philippines, Bangladesh, and the Indian states of West Bengal and Kerala. Our results highlight the regional disparities and importance in considering seasonal differences in the estimation of the effect of climate change on labour productivity and occupational heat-stress.
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Zander, Kerstin, Supriya Mathew, and Stephen Garnett. "Exploring Heat Stress Relief Measures among the Australian Labour Force." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 3 (February 26, 2018): 401. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15030401.
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Dunne, John P., Ronald J. Stouffer, and Jasmin G. John. "Reductions in labour capacity from heat stress under climate warming." Nature Climate Change 3, no. 6 (February 24, 2013): 563–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nclimate1827.
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Budhathoki, Nanda Kaji, and Kerstin K. Zander. "Socio-Economic Impact of and Adaptation to Extreme Heat and Cold of Farmers in the Food Bowl of Nepal." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 9 (May 6, 2019): 1578. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16091578.
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Farmers worldwide have to deal with increasing climate variability and weather extremes. Most of the previous research has focused on impacts on agricultural production, but little is known about the related social and economic impacts on farmers. In this study, we investigated the social and economic impact of extreme weather events (EWE) on farmers in Nepal, and explored how they coped with and adapted to heat waves and cold spells between 2012 and 2017. To address these aims, we conducted a survey of 350 farms randomly selected from the Bardiya and Banke districts of the Terai lowlands of Nepal. They were specifically asked to rate the impacts of extreme temperatures, as well as their effect on labour productivity and collective farmer health, and the detailed preventative measures they had implemented. About 84% of the farmers self-reported moderate or severe heat stress during the last five years, and about 85%, moderate or severe cold stress. Likewise, the majority of respondents reported that both farmer health and labour productivity had been compromised by EWEs. Productivity loss had a strong association with the perceived levels of heat and cold stress, which, in turn, were more likely to be reported by farmers with previous EWE experience. Potentially due to the increased care required during EWEs, those farmers with livestock reported increased heat and cold stress, as, surprisingly, did those who had implemented adaptation measures. Farmers seemed to be less prepared for potential threats of cold spells than heat waves, and therefore less likely to adopt coping strategies, since these are a recent phenomenon. This study identified some limitations. The cross sectional and self-reported data, as a common source of information to estimate health impact, level of heat/cold stress and labour productivity loss. Community-based education/community engagement programs could be developed to facilitate proactive adaptation.
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Zander, Kerstin K., Simon A. Moss, and Stephen T. Garnett. "Drivers of self-reported heat stress in the Australian labour force." Environmental Research 152 (January 2017): 272–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2016.10.029.
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Ramaiah, Manish, Ram Avtar, and Pankaj Kumar. "Treated Wastewater Use for Maintenance of Urban Green Spaces for Enhancing Regulatory Ecosystem Services and Securing Groundwater." Hydrology 9, no. 10 (October 17, 2022): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/hydrology9100180.
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Rising land surface temperature (LST), urban heat island (UHI) effects, and stress on surface-, processed-, potable-, and ground-water resources are some undesirable ecological changes due to rapid urbanization. Treating and reusing city-generated wastewater for maintaining urban green spaces (UGS) helps in reducing/preventing groundwater extraction, ensuring sufficient supply of potable water, and bringing down LST. However, the benefits of reusing treated wastewater in UGS for enhancing regulatory ecosystem services (RES) and ushering in a circular economy are yet to be realized. In view of these, the transportation costs of treated wastewater for irrigating the UGS of Panaji city—proposed to be developed as a smart city—were assessed. Field surveys were conducted at seven gardens/parks to collect the primary data on vegetation type (ground cover, hedge plants, and trees) and their daily water requirement. As the main focus of this study, a cost–benefit analysis of (a) drawing the groundwater using borewells versus use of treated wastewater from the city’s STP, and (b) two modes of treated wastewater transport: water tankers vs. pipeline was performed. Our analyses suggest that the copiously available 14 MLD treated wastewater from the STP, which meets all the safety standards, is far in excess of the current requirement of 6.24 MLD for watering the vegetation in all 17 parks/gardens in the city. Pipeline is an efficient (less energy, labor, and time) and economical (~47% more than water that is tanker-based) transportation mode. By utilizing the otherwise unused treated wastewater, which is processed at a cost of over USD half a million annually, the RES offered by the use of treated wastewater are (a) partially curtailing a combined loss of ~16 MLD due to the extraction of groundwater plus evapotranspiration (@8.86 mm d−1) from Panaji city’s 1.86 km2 UGS, and (b) reduction in LST ~3–4 °C in all of Panaji city. In addition, with the proficient and sustainable management of UGS and the meeting of many UNSDGs, the enhanced vegetation growth plus elevated carbon sequestration rates in the UGS are possible through the reuse of treated wastewater.
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POGAČAR, Tjaša, Lučka KAJFEŽ BOGATAJ, and Zalika ČREPINŠEK. "Obravnava vročinskih valov in primer toplotne obremenitve delavcev v kmetijstvu v času vročinskih valov 2017." Acta agriculturae Slovenica 111, no. 3 (December 12, 2018): 647. http://dx.doi.org/10.14720/aas.2018.111.3.13.
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Workers in agriculture are regularly exposed to heat stress during summer, which can affect reduced labour productivity and income losses. Air temperatures in Slovenia have been rising in recent decades, and climate change projections show that this trend will continue along with an increase in the number of days with heat stress risk. Changes in the number of heat waves in central and south-western Slovenia for the period 1961–2017 were analysed as well as the risk of the heat stress for workers during heat waves in the year 2017. The heat wave occurs if the temperature threshold for the average daily temperature is reached or exceeded on at least three consecutive days, with the threshold for the mild continental climate (Ljubljana) 24 °C and the mild Submediterranean climate (Bilje) 25 °C. The WBGT (Wet Bulb Globe Temperature) index, assessing the risk of heat stress, was calculated from relative humidity and air temperatures. At both locations, the number of days in heat waves increased as well as their intensity, average daily air temperatures were significantly higher than in the first half of the considered period. The time span, in which the heat waves occur, also extended, as until 1990 they did not appear in early June and late August, as in recent years. The calculated values of the WBGT show that for most days in the heat waves in 2017 in Ljubljana and Bilje, the WBGT 23 °C threshold was exceeded practically all day, which shows a high level of heat stress risk for physically intense work. In the case of exceeded WBGT reference values, employers or farmers themselves should take actions to reduce the risk of heat stress.
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Singh, Kirti, and Sonia Agnes Singh. "EFFECT OF LAVENDER OIL MASSAGE ON PAIN PERCEPTION DURING FIRST STAGE OF LABOUR AMONG PRIMI PARTURIENTS." International Journal of Advanced Research 9, no. 5 (May 31, 2021): 1294–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/12970.
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STATEMENTA study to assess the effect of lavender oil massage on pain perception during first stage of labour among primi parturients admitted in selected hospital, Lucknow. Introduction: Pain in labor is a nearly universal experience for child bearing women. Labor pain is a challenging issue for nurses designing intervention protocols. Pain during labor is caused primarily by uterine muscle contractions and somewhat by pressure on the cervix. This pain manifests itself as cramping in the abdomen, groin, and back. Other causes of pain during labor include pressure on the bladder and bowels by the babys head and stretching of the birth canal and vagina. Labor events have got great psychological, emotional, and social impact to the women and her family. She experiences stress, physical pain, and fear of dangers. The care giver should be tactful, sensitive and respectful to her. Throughout labor she is given continued encouragement and emotional support and assurance are given to keep up the morale.Lavender oil used for aromatherapy is a very versatile essential oil that can be used throughout labour to promote relaxation. It provides a sedation effect to the central nervous system and relieves headache, nervous tension and balances mood swings. According to the American Pregnancy Association, lavender can help create a tranquil, relaxing atmosphere which can reduce pain and stimulate contraction of uterus Objectives Of The Study: 1. Assess the effect of lavender oil massage on pain perception during first stage of labour among primi parturients of experimental group. 2. Compare the post test level of pain perception between primi parturient of experimental group and control group. 3. Associate the level of pain during first stage of labour among primi parturients of experimental group with selected demographic variables. Research Methodology: This study was conducted using Quantitative approach at Integral Hospital, Lucknow. Quasi experimental research design (post test with control group design) was used in the study. The conceptual framework used in this study was Callista Roys Adaptation Model (1991). The total sample size was 30 (15 in experimental group and 15 in control group) selected by convenience sampling technique. Demographic variables were obtained by structured interview and the level of pain was assessed by modified visual analogue scale Reults: The data obtained are tabulated and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The statistical analysis of the data showed that the mean post test level of pain perception in control group is higher than the mean post test level of pain perception in experimental group. The mean score of experimental group is 2.2(68%) with SD0.41and mean score of control group is 2.8(88%) with SD 0.35 the mean difference is 0.4. The calculated t value is 4.31 at p<0.05 which is more than the table value at 0<0.05. Therefore the null hypothesis H01 is rejected. So the research hypothesis H1 was accepted Conclusion: The findings revealed that there was a significant difference between the level of pain perception among experimental group and control group. It also showed that there was no association of the level of pain during first stage of labour among primi parturients of experimental group with selected demographic variables.
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Utami, Fitria Siswi, and Intan Mutiara Putri. "PENATALAKSANAAN NYERI PERSALINAN NORMAL." Midwifery Journal: Jurnal Kebidanan UM. Mataram 5, no. 2 (August 1, 2020): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.31764/mj.v5i2.1262.
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Nyeri selama fase persalinan dapat mempengaruhi frekuensi jantung, napas, bahkan tekanan darah dan stress sehingga menganggu hormon okstitosin yang bekerja untuk persalinan. Literature review dilakukan pada studi penatalaksanaan nyeri persalinan. 3 database dan 2 sumber grey literature diditelaah untuk memperoleh informasi terkait penatalaksanaan nyeri persalinan. 32 literatur diperoleh dari hasil penyaringan data dengan menggunakan framework PEOS. Beberapa faktor nyeri, dampak, penatalaksanaan, respon dan dukungan yang dibutuhkan selama menghadapi nyeri persalinan diperoleh dari proses ekstraksi data. Pemahaman tentang hal berkaitan nyeri, pengembangan terapi, dan dukungan adekuat sangat diperlukan dalam rangka meningkatkan kualitas layanan kebidanan khususnya persalinan.Labor pain affects to heart beat frequency, breath rate, blood pressure, and stress. As a result, oxytocin may does not work properly during labor process. A literature review study was conducted to provide information related to labor pain management. 3 databases and 2 grey literatures analyzed and 32 literatures extracted by PEOS framework. Some factors related to labor pain, impacts, managements, responses, and supports needed during labor gained from data extraction. A clearly understanding related labor pain, developing therapy technique, and adequate support are needed in order to improve the quality of midwifery care on labor.
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Szewczyk, Wojciech, Ignazio Mongelli, and Juan-Carlos Ciscar. "Heat stress, labour productivity and adaptation in Europe—a regional and occupational analysis." Environmental Research Letters 16, no. 10 (September 17, 2021): 105002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac24cf.
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Mufidah, Shofira, Lia Ayu Kusumawardani, and Siti Fadhilah. "Acupressure Titik SP6, LI4 dan BL32 Mengurangi Nyeri Persalinan Kala I Systematic Literature Review." Jurnal MID-Z (Midwivery Zigot) Jurnal Ilmiah Kebidanan 5, no. 1 (May 31, 2022): 29–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.56013/jurnalmidz.v5i1.1374.
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Pregnant women in Indonesia on average experience severe labor pain by 85-90%. Pain in the first stage can be influenced by physiological factors (stretching of the cervical muscles, uterine contractions, lowering of the head, and opening of the lower uterine segment) and psychological factors (stress, worry and fear). Acupressure is one way of providing stimulation by pressing certain points with the principles of acupuncture. Acupressure has many benefits such as increasing stamina, improving blood circulation, reducing stress and reducing pain. This study uses the Systematic Literature Review research method to identify and analyze 15 international journals obtained through the Pubmed, Cochrane and Science Direct databases. The results obtained are that acupressure helps mothers relax more in dealing with labor pains in stage 1. Acupressure can stimulate endorphins and increase blood circulation thereby increasing oxygen supply and can activate small nerves to block pain impulses to the brain. Acupressure can reduce pain in the first stage of labor.
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Mufidah, Shofira, Lia Ayu Kusumawardani, and Siti Fadhilah. "Acupressure Titik SP6, LI4 dan BL32 Mengurangi Nyeri Persalinan Kala I Systematic Literature Review." Jurnal MID-Z (Midwivery Zigot) Jurnal Ilmiah Kebidanan 5, no. 1 (May 31, 2022): 29–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.56013/jurnalmidz.v5i1.1374.
Full textAbstract:
Pregnant women in Indonesia on average experience severe labor pain by 85-90%. Pain in the first stage can be influenced by physiological factors (stretching of the cervical muscles, uterine contractions, lowering of the head, and opening of the lower uterine segment) and psychological factors (stress, worry and fear). Acupressure is one way of providing stimulation by pressing certain points with the principles of acupuncture. Acupressure has many benefits such as increasing stamina, improving blood circulation, reducing stress and reducing pain. This study uses the Systematic Literature Review research method to identify and analyze 15 international journals obtained through the Pubmed, Cochrane and Science Direct databases. The results obtained are that acupressure helps mothers relax more in dealing with labor pains in stage 1. Acupressure can stimulate endorphins and increase blood circulation thereby increasing oxygen supply and can activate small nerves to block pain impulses to the brain. Acupressure can reduce pain in the first stage of labor.
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Sequeira, Isabelle K., Addie S. Longmire, and Naomi J. McKay. "Trier Social Stress Test Elevates Blood Pressure, Heart Rate, and Anxiety, But a Singing Test or Unsolvable Anagrams Only Elevates Heart Rate, among Healthy Young Adults." Psych 3, no. 2 (June 3, 2021): 171–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/psych3020015.
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The Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) is a psychosocial stressor that effectively stimulates the stress response but is labor and time intensive. Although other psychological stressors are often used experimentally, none are known to comparably elevate stress. Two stressors that may potentially elevate stress are a singing task (ST) and unsolvable anagrams, but there are not enough data to support their effectiveness. In the current experiment, 53 undergraduate males and females (mean age = 21.9 years) were brought into the laboratory, and baseline blood pressure, heart rate, self-rated anxiety, and salivary cortisol were recorded. Then, participants were randomly assigned to one of three stress conditions: TSST (n = 24), ST (n = 14), or an unsolvable anagram task (n = 15). Stress measures were taken again after the stressor and during recovery. The TSST significantly elevated systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, and self-rated anxiety from pre-stress levels, replicating its stress-inducing properties. However, the ST and unsolvable anagrams only elevated heart rate, indicating that these methods are not as able to stimulate physiological or psychological stress. Overall, results indicate that out of these three laboratory stressors, the TSST clearly engages the stress response over the ST or unsolvable anagrams.